U.S. patent application number 16/227921 was filed with the patent office on 2019-04-25 for apparatus and method for providing streaming content.
This patent application is currently assigned to IDEAHUB INC.. The applicant listed for this patent is IDEAHUB INC.. Invention is credited to Seong Jun BAE, Soon Heung JUNG, Jung Won KANG, Jae Gon KIM, Jin Young LEE, Sang Taick PARK, Won RYU, Truong Cong THANG.
Application Number | 20190124173 16/227921 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 45497301 |
Filed Date | 2019-04-25 |
United States Patent
Application |
20190124173 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
THANG; Truong Cong ; et
al. |
April 25, 2019 |
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING STREAMING CONTENT
Abstract
A method and apparatus for an adaptive Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP) streaming service using metadata of content are
provided. The metadata may include a minBufferTime attribute
indicating a minimum amount of initially buffered media content. A
terminal may receive content from a server before playback of the
content, and may buffer the content by at least the minimum amount.
The metadata may include a range attribute that designates a range
of a target indicated by a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). The
terminal may receive bytes designated by the range attribute from
the URL, and may play back the content using the received
bytes.
Inventors: |
THANG; Truong Cong;
(Daejeon, KR) ; LEE; Jin Young; (Daejeon, KR)
; BAE; Seong Jun; (Daejeon, KR) ; KANG; Jung
Won; (Daejeon, KR) ; JUNG; Soon Heung;
(Daejeon, KR) ; PARK; Sang Taick; (Daejeon,
KR) ; RYU; Won; (Daejeon, KR) ; KIM; Jae
Gon; (Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, KR) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
IDEAHUB INC. |
Seoul |
|
KR |
|
|
Assignee: |
IDEAHUB INC.
Seoul
KR
|
Family ID: |
45497301 |
Appl. No.: |
16/227921 |
Filed: |
December 20, 2018 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
16179767 |
Nov 2, 2018 |
|
|
|
16227921 |
|
|
|
|
15069443 |
Mar 14, 2016 |
|
|
|
16179767 |
|
|
|
|
13811376 |
Jan 21, 2013 |
9325558 |
|
|
PCT/KR2011/005357 |
Jul 20, 2011 |
|
|
|
15069443 |
|
|
|
|
61434036 |
Jan 19, 2011 |
|
|
|
61417931 |
Nov 30, 2010 |
|
|
|
61414462 |
Nov 17, 2010 |
|
|
|
61405674 |
Oct 22, 2010 |
|
|
|
61390328 |
Oct 6, 2010 |
|
|
|
61380277 |
Sep 6, 2010 |
|
|
|
61375262 |
Aug 20, 2010 |
|
|
|
61366203 |
Jul 21, 2010 |
|
|
|
61365860 |
Jul 20, 2010 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04L 29/06027 20130101;
H04N 21/2401 20130101; H04N 21/2402 20130101; H04L 65/4092
20130101; H04L 67/2804 20130101; H04L 65/80 20130101; H04N 21/23805
20130101; H04N 21/6543 20130101; H04N 21/44004 20130101; H04L
65/608 20130101; H04L 65/602 20130101; H04N 21/2353 20130101; H04L
65/604 20130101; H04N 21/6547 20130101; H04L 47/30 20130101 |
International
Class: |
H04L 29/08 20060101
H04L029/08; H04L 29/06 20060101 H04L029/06; H04L 12/835 20060101
H04L012/835; H04N 21/6547 20060101 H04N021/6547; H04N 21/6543
20060101 H04N021/6543; H04N 21/44 20060101 H04N021/44; H04N 21/24
20060101 H04N021/24 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jul 19, 2011 |
KR |
10-2011-0071671 |
Claims
1. A method for providing a media content performed by a server or
multiple servers, comprising: receiving a request for a segment of
the media content based on a Media Presentation Description (MPD),
from a client, wherein the MPD includes a minBufferTime; and
transmitting the media content to the client, wherein the MPD is a
formalized description of a media presentation related to the media
content, wherein the media presentation includes (i) one or more
periods, (ii) one or more representations and (iii) one or more
segments, and wherein the client can be assured of having enough
data for continuous playout provided that playout begins after the
minBufferTime.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the minBufferTime is an attribute
to provide a minimum amount of initially buffered media at a
beginning of a media presentation.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the minBufferTime is an attribute
to provide a minimum amount of initially buffered media at a
beginning of the one or more periods of the media presentation.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the minBufferTime is an attribute
to provide a minimum amount of initially buffered media at any
random access point of the media presentation.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the MPD includes a bandwidth
attribute related to a bandwidth for a hypothetical constant
bitrate channel in bits per second (bps).
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the MPD includes at least one of
(i) a frame rate and (ii) a timescale describing the number of time
units in one second.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the segment includes sub-segments
indexed by a segment index.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the MPD includes an attribute
related to quality for the representation of the media content.
9. A method for providing a media content performed by a client,
comprising: transmitting a request for a segment of the media
content based on a Media Presentation Description (MPD), to a
server, wherein the MPD includes a minBufferTime; and receiving the
media content from the server, wherein the MPD is a formalized
description of a media presentation related to the media content,
wherein the media presentation includes (i) one or more periods,
(ii) one or more representations and (iii) one or more segments,
wherein the client can be assured of having enough data for
continuous playout provided that playout begins after the
minBufferTime.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the minBufferTime is an
attribute to provide a minimum amount of initially buffered media
at a beginning of a media presentation.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the minBufferTime is an
attribute to provide a minimum amount of initially buffered media
at a beginning of the one or more periods of the media
presentation.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein the minBufferTime is an
attribute to provide a minimum amount of initially buffered media
at any random access point of the media presentation.
13. The method of claim 9, wherein the MPD includes a bandwidth
attribute related to a bandwidth for a hypothetical constant
bitrate channel in bits per second (bps).
14. The method of claim 9, wherein the MPD includes at least one of
(i) a frame rate and (ii) a timescale describing the number of time
units in one second.
15. The method of claim 9, wherein the segment includes
sub-segments indexed by a segment index.
16. The method of claim 10, wherein the MPD includes an attribute
related to quality for the representation of the media content.
17. A method by which a client provides media content, the method
comprising: transmitting a request for a segment of the media
content based on a Media Presentation Description (MPD), to a
server, wherein the MPD includes a minBufferSize; and; receiving
the media content from the server; and wherein the MPD is a
formalized description of a media presentation related to the media
content, wherein the media presentation includes (i) one or more
periods, (ii) one or more representations and (iii) one or more
segments, wherein the client can be assured of having enough data
for continuous playout provided that playout begins after the
minBufferSize.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the minBufferSize is an
attribute to provide a minimum amount of initially buffered media
at any random access point of the media presentation.
19. A method for providing media content performed by a server or
multiple servers, the method comprising: receiving a request for a
segment of the media content based on a Media Presentation
Description (MPD), from a client, wherein the MPD includes a
minBufferSize; and transmitting the media content to the client,
wherein the MPD is a formalized description of a media presentation
related to the media content, wherein the media presentation
includes (i) one or more periods, (ii) one or more representations
and (iii) one or more segments, and wherein the client can be
assured of having enough data for continuous playout provided that
playout begins after the minBufferSize.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the minBufferSize is an
attribute to provide a minimum amount of initially buffered media
at any random access point of the media presentation.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a technology for providing
streaming content, and more particularly, to an apparatus and
method for providing media content using adaptive streaming.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Streaming is one of schemes for transmitting and playing
back multimedia content such as sounds, moving images, and the
like. A client may play back content while receiving the content
through the streaming.
[0003] An adaptive streaming service refers to providing a
streaming service employing a communication scheme with a request
of a client and a response of a server in response to the
request.
[0004] The client may request a media sequence suitable for an
environment of the client (for example, a transmission channel of
the client), using the adaptive streaming service. The server may
provide a media sequence matched to the request of the client among
media sequences with various qualities that are included in the
server.
[0005] The adaptive streaming service may be provided based on
various protocols.
[0006] A Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) adaptive streaming
service refers to an adaptive streaming service provided based on
an HTTP protocol. A client of the HTTP adaptive streaming service
may receive content from a server using the HTTP protocol, and may
transmit a request associated with a streaming service to the
server.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
Technical Goals
[0007] An aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus and
method that may designate a minimum amount of initially buffered
media during playback of content.
[0008] Another aspect of the present invention provides an
apparatus and method that may receive bytes within a specific range
from a target indicated by a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), and
may play back content.
Technical Solutions
[0009] According to an aspect of the present invention, there is
provided a method by which a client provides media content
including one or more periods, the method including: receiving
metadata of the media content from a server, the metadata including
a minBufferTime attribute indicating a minimum amount of initially
buffered media content that is required to ensure playout of the
media content; receiving the media content from the server, and
buffering the received media content by at least the minimum
amount; and playing back the media content.
[0010] The metadata may be a Media Presentation Description (MPD)
of the media content.
[0011] The minBufferTime attribute may indicate the minimum amount
of the initially buffered media content that is required to ensure
playout of the media content when the media content is continuously
delivered at or above a value of a bandwidth attribute of the
metadata.
[0012] Each of the periods may include one or more representations
of the media content. Each of the representations may be a
structured collection of one or more media components within a
period.
[0013] The bandwidth attribute may be an attribute of each of the
representations.
[0014] The bandwidth attribute may describe a minimum bandwidth of
a hypothetical constant bitrate channel over which each of the
representations are able to be continuously delivered after the
client buffers each of the representations for at least
minBufferTime.
[0015] Each of the representations may include one or more
segments.
[0016] According to another aspect of the present invention, there
is provided a terminal for providing media content including one or
more periods, the terminal including: an access engine to receive
metadata of the media content, to receive the media content from
the server, and to buffer the received media content by at least a
minimum amount indicated by a minBufferTime attribute, the metadata
including the minBufferTime attribute indicating the minimum amount
of initially buffered media content that is required to ensure
playout of the media content; and a media engine to receive the
media content from the access engine, and to play back the media
content.
[0017] According to still another aspect of the present invention,
there is provided a method by which a client provides media content
including one or more periods, the method including: receiving
metadata of the media content from a server, the metadata including
a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) attribute and a range attribute;
receiving bytes designated by the range attribute from a URL
indicated by the URL attribute; and playing back the media content
using the received bytes.
[0018] The bytes designated by the range attribute may designate
segments of the media content.
[0019] The range attribute may indicate multiple byte ranges.
[0020] The bytes may be received by a partial HTTP GET command for
the URL instructed by the byte range.
[0021] According to yet another aspect of the present invention,
there is provided a terminal for providing media content including
one or more periods, the terminal including: an access engine to
receive metadata of the media content, and to receive bytes
designated by a range attribute from a URL indicated by a URL
attribute, the metadata including the URL attribute and the range
attribute; and a media engine to play back the media content using
the received bytes.
[0022] The bytes designated by the range attribute may designate
segments of the media content.
[0023] The range attribute may indicate multiple byte ranges.
[0024] The bytes may be received by a partial HTTP GET command for
the URL instructed by the byte range.
[0025] According to a further aspect of the present invention,
there is provided a method by which a client processes content
including one or more intervals, the method including: receiving
metadata of an interval of the content from a server; processing
the metadata and sending, to the server, a request for a fragment
suitable for the interval based on the processed metadata; and
receiving the fragment from the server.
[0026] The content may be content on demand, or live content.
[0027] The metadata may include general information, and the
general information may include a general description of the
content, and a general description of the interval.
[0028] The general description of the content may include at least
one of a duration and a start time.
[0029] The metadata may include Quality of Service (QoS)
information, and the QoS information may describe characteristics
of each of alternatives of the content.
[0030] The characteristics may include at least one of a bitrate, a
resolution, and a quality.
[0031] Each of the alternatives may be physical, or virtual.
[0032] The fragment may be selected based on information of the
alternatives.
[0033] The metadata may include mapping information, and the
mapping information may describe locations to retrieve the
content.
[0034] The metadata may include content-level information, and
interval-level information, and all computations for deciding
alternatives and resolving locations may be performed by the
server.
[0035] The request may define an order value of the fragment in the
interval, and a start time of the fragment in the interval.
[0036] The metadata may include content-level information,
interval-level information, and QoS information, and all
computations for deciding alternatives and resolving locations may
be distributed and performed by the client and the server.
[0037] The request may include one of an order value of an
alternative that appears in the QoS information based on the order
value, values of adaptation operators that appear in the QoS
information, and values of resources that appear in the QoS
information.
[0038] The adaptation operators may include at least one of a
number of scalable audio layers to be discarded, a number of
temporal layers of a scalable video to be discarded, a number of
spatial layers of a scalable video to be discarded, a number of
quality layers of a scalable video to be discarded, and a number of
priority layers of a scalable video to be discarded.
[0039] A type of the resources may include at least one of an
average bitrate of the alternative, a vertical resolution of the
alternative, a horizontal resolution of the alternative, and a
frame rate of the alternative.
[0040] The metadata may include content-level information,
interval-level information, QoS information, and mapping
information, and all computations for deciding alternatives and
resolving locations may be performed by the client.
[0041] The request may include at least one of a parameter for
Moving Picture Experts Group-2 Transport Stream (MPEG-2 TS)
boundary, a parameter for International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) media file boundary, and parameters for a
file considered as a raw byte-sequence.
[0042] The metadata may be physically separated into content-level
information, interval-level information, QoS information, and
mapping information, and linking of related parts of the
content-level information, the interval-level information, the QoS
information, and the mapping information may be performed by
reference.
[0043] According to a further aspect of the present invention,
there is provided a method by which a server provides content
including one or more intervals, the method including: transmitting
metadata of an interval of the content to a client; receiving a
request for a fragment from the client, the fragment being selected
based on the metadata and being suitable for the interval; parsing
the content, and extracting a data part suitable for the fragment;
and transmitting the fragment to the client.
[0044] According to a further aspect of the present invention,
there is provided a client for processing content including one or
more intervals, the client including: a transceiver to receive
metadata of an interval of the content from a server, to send, to
the server, a request for a fragment suitable for the interval, and
to receive the fragment from the server; and a controller to
process the metadata, and to select the fragment suitable for the
interval based on the processed metadata.
Effect of the Invention
[0045] According to embodiments of the present invention, it is
possible to designate a minimum amount of initially buffered media
during playback of content.
[0046] Additionally, according to embodiments of the present
invention, it is possible to receive bytes within a specific range
from a target indicated by a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), and to
play back content.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0047] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating categories of signaling
information according to an embodiment of the present
invention.
[0048] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating categories of signaling
information according to an embodiment of the present
invention.
[0049] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a hierarchy of content
division and levels of signaling information according to an
embodiment of the present invention.
[0050] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating detection of virtual
boundaries in a Moving Picture Experts Group-2 Transport Stream
(MPEG-2 TS) according to an embodiment of the present
invention.
[0051] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a client
100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0052] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a client
100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0053] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the
present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the
accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the
like elements throughout. The embodiments are described below in
order to explain the present invention by referring to the
figures.
[0054] A Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) may specify
formats that enable 1) transferring of media content from an HTTP
server to an HTTP client, and 2) caching of content by standard
HTTP cashes.
[0055] FIG. 1 is a signal flowchart illustrating a content
processing method according to an embodiment of the present
invention.
[0056] A media component may be an encoded version of individual
media types, such as audios, videos, or timed texts that have
specific attributes, for example bandwidths, languages, or
resolutions.
[0057] Media content may be a set of media components having a
common timeline, for example audios, videos, or timed texts.
Additionally, media components may have relationships showing how
to present the media components as programs or movies (for example,
individually, jointly, or mutually exclusive).
[0058] Media content and content may be used as interchangeable
terms.
[0059] A media presentation may be a structured collection of data
used to establish bounded or unbounded presentation of media
content including consecutive media components.
[0060] In other words, the media presentation may be a structured
collection of data enabling access to a DASH client in order to
provide a streaming service to a user.
[0061] A Media Presentation Description (MPD) may be a formalized
description of a media presentation.
[0062] The media presentation may include possible updates of the
MPD, and may be described by the MPD.
[0063] Content may be content on demand, or live content.
[0064] The content may be divided into one or more intervals. In
other words, the content may include one or more intervals.
[0065] Intervals may be interchangeable with periods. The term
period may be used as a term of 3.sup.rd Generation Partnership
Project (3GPP) adaptive HTTP streaming.
[0066] A period may be an interval of a media presentation.
Consecutive sequences of all periods may form a media
presentation.
[0067] In other words, the media presentation may include one or
more periods.
[0068] One or more intervals may be a basic unit. One or more
intervals may be described by signaling metadata. In other words,
metadata may describe each of the one or more intervals.
[0069] The metadata may be an MPD.
[0070] The MPD may define a format to notify resource identifiers
for segments. The MPD may provide a context regarding resources
identified in the media presentation. The resource identifiers may
be HTTP-Uniform Resource Locators (URLs). URLs may be restricted by
a byte range attribute.
[0071] Each interval may be divided into fragments.
[0072] Fragments may be interchangeable with segments. The term
segment may be used as a term of 3GPP adaptive HTTP streaming.
[0073] A segment may refer to an entity body of a response to an
HTTP/1.1 GET request for an HTTP-URL, for example as defined in RFC
2616, (or a GET request for a part indicated by a byte range). The
metadata may include a URL attribute, and a range attribute. A
client may receive bytes designated by the range attribute from a
URL indicated by the URL attribute. In other words, the bytes may
be received by a partial HTTP GET command for the URL instructed by
the byte range. The bytes designated by the range attribute may
represent the above-described segment.
[0074] The range attribute may indicate multiple byte ranges.
[0075] The client may play back media content using the received
bytes (namely, the segment).
[0076] A sub-segment may refer to a smallest unit in segments that
may be indexed by a segment index in a segment level.
[0077] Two or more sets of fragments corresponding to a single
interval may exist. Each of the sets may be called an
alternative.
[0078] An alternative may be interchangeable with a representation
(or an expression).
[0079] Each period may include one or more groups.
[0080] Each group may include one or more representations of the
same media content.
[0081] The representation may refer to a structured collection of
one or more media components in a single period.
[0082] An MPD (or an MPD element) may provide descriptive
information that enables a client to select one or more
representations.
[0083] A Random Access Point (RAP) may be a specific location in a
media segment. The RAP may be identified as a location in which
playback may be started continuously from a location of the RAP
using only information included in a media segment.
[0084] Each representation may be formed of one or more segments.
In other words, a representation may include one or more
segments.
[0085] An MPD may be a document including metadata required to a
DASH client to form appropriate HTTP-URLs in order to 1) access
segments and to 2) provide a user with a streaming service. The
HTTP-URLs may be absolute or relative.
[0086] The MPD may be an Extensible Markup Language
(XML)-document.
[0087] The MPD may include an MPD element. The MPD may include only
a single MPD element.
[0088] A client 100 may be a DASH client.
[0089] The DASH client may be compatible with a client specified in
RFC 2616.
[0090] The DASH client may typically use an HTTP GET method or an
HTTP partial GET method, as specified in RFC 2616, to access
segments or parts of segments.
[0091] A server 110 may perform hosting on DASH segments. The
server 110 may be compatible with a server specified in RFC
2616.
[0092] In operation 120, the client 100 may receive, from the
server 110, 1) metadata of content, or 2) metadata of a specific
interval of the content. In other words, the server 110 may
transmit, to the client 100, 1) the metadata of the content, or 2)
the metadata of the specific interval of the content. The specific
interval may indicate a currently processed interval among one or
more intervals forming the content.
[0093] In operation 130, the client 100 may process the metadata of
the specific interval.
[0094] In operation 140, the client 100 may send a request for a
fragment to the server 110. The client 100 may request the server
110 to transmit fragments suitable for the specific interval based
on the processed metadata. In other words, the requested fragments
may be selected based on the metadata.
[0095] In operation 145, in several cases, the server may need to
parse content (for example, a Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)
layer 4 (MP4) file for Scalable Video Coding (SVC)), and to extract
a data part suitable for the requested fragment.
[0096] In operation 150, the server 110 may transmit, to the client
100, a fragment suitable for each request from the client 100. The
client 100 may receive the fragment from the server.
[0097] Subsequently, the entire process may be executed from the
beginning. In other words, operation 120 may be repeated on the
next interval to the specific interval.
[0098] The client 100 may play back content using fragments
received when operations 120 through 150 are repeated.
[0099] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating categories of signaling
information according to an embodiment of the present
invention.
[0100] The signaling information (namely, metadata) may be divided
into the following categories 1) through 4):
[0101] 1) General information 210: includes common description of
content, and general description of each interval, such as a
duration, and a start time.
[0102] 2) Quality of Service (QoS) information 220: describes
characteristics of each alternative, such as a bitrate, a
resolution, and a quality. In other words, the QoS information
describes characteristics of each of alternatives of content.
[0103] An alternative may be physical (namely, created in advance),
or may be virtual (namely, to be created on the fly). Based on
information of alternatives, the client may select a fragment of an
appropriate alternative. Accordingly, adaptivity to contexts of
terminals and networks may be supported.
[0104] 3) Mapping information 230: describes locations to retrieve
content. Depending on specific cases, different alternatives may
have the same or different locations.
[0105] 4) Client request 240: this type of signaling information
may conform to a format of HTTP 1.1 request message. As shown in
FIG. 1, parameters requested by the client may be derived from the
information of categories 1) through 3).
[0106] Objectives of signaling are in the following 1) through
4):
[0107] 1) Support for different media storage/delivery approaches:
the signaling information may be general enough to support typical
cases (also various cases) of storage and delivery, such as MPEG-2
Transport Stream (TS), MP4 file including Advanced Video Coding
(AVC)/SVC alternatives. Additionally, multi-channel delivery may be
required for advanced scenarios (for example, an SVC layer in a
single HTTP connection).
[0108] 2) Support for different cases of decision-making for
adaptivity: the signaling information may be flexible to support
different locations of decision making, such as a client-based
case, a distributed case, and a server-based case.
[0109] 3) Efficiency: the format of signaling information may allow
a small data size and easy handling (for example, parsing, or
modifying).
[0110] 4) Compatibility with a standard HTTP request: the signaling
information may provide appropriate description items so that
request parameters may be put in an HTTP 1.1 request message,
without requiring extensions (for example, new header fields).
[0111] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a hierarchy of content
division and levels of signaling information according to an
embodiment of the present invention.
[0112] Signaling of metadata according to an embodiment of the
present invention may be physically separated into content-level
information 310, interval-level information 320, QoS information
330, and mapping information 340. Linking of related parts of the
content-level information 310, the interval-level information 320,
the QoS information 330, and the mapping information 340 may be
performed by reference.
[0113] These parts of signaling information may be combined in
different ways to support the flexibility.
[0114] For example, when only the content-level information 310 and
interval-level information 320 are sent to a client, all
computations for deciding alternatives and resolving locations may
be performed by a server. Accordingly, when only the content-level
information 310 and interval-level information 320 are sent to the
client, a processing model may be "server-based."
[0115] When the content-level information 310, the interval-level
information 320, and the QoS information 330 are sent to the
client, all computations for deciding alternatives and resolving
locations may be distributed and performed by the client and the
server. Accordingly, when the content-level information 310, the
interval-level information 320, and the QoS information 330 are
sent to the client, the model may be "distributed."
[0116] When all the signaling information (namely, the
content-level information 310, the interval-level information 320,
the QoS information 330, and the mapping information 340) is sent
to the client, the model may be client-based, because most (or all)
processing (namely, computations for deciding alternatives and
resolving locations) is performed by the client.
[0117] The separation of metadata parts may enable efficiency in
storage and delivery. For example, during a session, metadata of
the content-level information 310 may be sent once, and only the
interval-level information 320 may be periodically updated.
Similarly, a single file containing the QoSInfo 330 may be used for
different intervals and different contents.
[0118] There are different ways to represent a set of metadata, for
example XML, pseudo-code, a Session Description Protocol (SDP), and
the like.
[0119] XML may be a general language for description. XML may
provide rich tools to describe almost everything. XML may also be
very well-structured, and be suitable for building database.
However, XML may have disadvantages of big data size and
complexity. In particular, description in XML may require special
software (for example, a Document Object Model (DOM), or Simple
Application Programming Interface for XML (SAX)), to parse and
process the metadata. XML may be often used for syntax of bitstream
(MPEG-1, MPEG-2 video bitstream, and file formats). An advantage of
the above approach may be compactness of description, but it may
not be very flexible to describe various types of syntax
element.
[0120] In embodiments of the present invention, both XML and
pseudo-code may be used to represent signaling syntax. XML syntax
may be used for clients that support an XLM profile based on an
MPEG-21 and similar schema. On the other hand, pseudo-code syntax
may be based on a "language" of an International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) base media file format and the like, and may
be used in non-XML clients. In particular, a profile of the
pseudo-code syntax may employ a parsing module similar to a parsing
module of file-format parsing. To design the syntax for the above
purpose, a table of common elements may be defined and elements in
each format may be represented, in the following embodiments.
[0121] The proposed syntax may be represented by any other
languages.
[0122] Hereinafter, tables of general syntax elements will be
described.
[0123] In the following tables, the syntax elements may be
described hierarchically. In other words, a child element may be
shown in a column on the right of a parent element of the child
element. "Leaf"-level elements may be shown in italic, and parent
elements may be shown in bold letter. A parent element may be
represented by a corresponding XML type and a file box.
[0124] In the column of occurrence, "0 . . . N" may mean that the
number of instances of an occurrence element may be from 0 to
"unbounded." The minimum occurrence of 0 may mean that an element
may be optional (namely, not present). A minimum occurrence equal
to or greater than 1 may mean that an element is mandatory in the
syntax.
[0125] Occurrence may be interchangeable with cardinality.
[0126] In a row of type, A indicates an attribute, and E indicates
an element. In a row of optionality, M indicates mandatory, and O
indicates optional. For attributes, M indicates mandatory, O
indicates optional, OD indicates optional with default value, and
CM indicates conditionally mandatory. For elements, elements may be
represented as <minOccurs> . . . <maxOccurs>. Here, N
may be unbounded.
[0127] The above meaning may equally be applied to other tables in
the present specification.
[0128] Additionally, QoSInfo may be also called AdaptationInfo to
make QoSInfo more specific. Moreover, a few elements may be revised
to increase flexibility of the syntax.
[0129] The following Table 1 describes general information.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 XML syntax Pseudocode (based on (File MPEG-
format Occurrence Semantics 21) box) HttpStr 1 Describes the
top-level element of HttpStreamingType `htps` signaling metadata
for HTTP box streaming GeneralInfo 0 . . . N Contains the general
information of GeneralInfoType `geni` the described content box
TimeScale 0 . . . 1 Describes the number of time units integer
unsigned in one second. int(32) This value is used with
time-related elements, when a time unit is not specified.
LiveStartTime 0 . . . 1 If LiveStartTime element is not dateTime
unsigned present, the content is of VoD type. int(64) The presence
of LiveStartTime element indicates a live content that is to be
displayed at a time value of LiveStartTime. If LiveStartTime has a
time value of 0, the display time is unknown. Duration 0 . . . 1 If
present, indicates duration of the integer unsigned content.
Otherwise, the duration is int(32) unknown. DefaultIntDuration 0 .
. . 1 If present, indicates a default integer unsigned duration of
each interval of the int(32) content. MinUpdateTime 0 . . . 1 If
present, indicates the minimum integer unsigned waiting time before
requesting the int(32) main description file again.
ConsistentQoSInfo 0 . . . 1 If true, indicates that QoS boolean
flag of information is the same as the the box whole content
duration. DefaultContentLoc 0 . . . 1 Provides a default location
for the anyURI string of content. URL IntervalsRef 0 . . . N
Provides reference to description IntervalsRefType `iref`
containing one or more instances of box Interval element. One or
more instances of Interval element represent a sequence of
consecutive interval(s). Interval 0 . . . N Provides information of
an interval IntervalType `intv` of content. box The information of
the interval may be either included as an instance of Interval
element or referenced by IntervalsRef element. IntervalInfo 0 . . .
1 Provides general information of an IntervalInfoType `inti` box
interval. QoSInfoRef 0 . . . 1 Provides reference to description
dia:ReferenceType `qref` represented by QoSInfo element. box If
QosInfoRef element is present, QoSInfo element may not be present
at the same level. QoSInfo 0 . . . 1 Provides information about
QoSInfoType `QoSi` alternatives of content, such as box resource
characteristics and quality/utility. If QoSInfo element is present,
QoSInfoRef element may not be present. MappingInfoRef 0 . . . 1
Provides reference to description dia:ReferenceType `mref`
represented by MappingInfo box element. If MappingInfoRef element
is present, MappingInfo element may not be present at the same
level. MappingInfo 0 . . . 1 Provides information about
MappingInfoType `mapi` locations of content alternatives. box If
the information is not provided, DefaultContentIntLoc element (if
not, DefaultContentLoc) can be used to retrieve content. If
MappingInfo element is present, MappingInfoRef element may not be
present. NextIntervalsRef 0 . . . 1 Provides reference to
information of IntervalsRefType, `nref` next interval(s). may be
box The information of next interval(s) extended is description
containing one or from more instances of Interval element.
dia:ReferenceType The information of next interval(s) is
description represented by Interval element. Using NextIntervalsRef
element, the client does not need to reload the main description
represented by HttpStr element. Within the current time window,
only the final interval may contain NextIntervalsRef element.
PreviousIntervalsRef 0 . . . 1 Provides reference to information of
IntervalsRefType, `nref` previous interval(s). may be box The
information of next interval(s) extended is description containing
one or from more instances of Interval element. dia:ReferenceType
The information of next interval(s) is description represented by
Interval element. Using PreviousIntervalsRef element, the client
does not need to reload the main description represented by HttpStr
element. Within the current time window, only the first interval
may contain NextIntervalsRef element.
[0130] The following Table 2 describes IntervalsRef,
NextIntervalsRef, PreviousIntervalsRef, QoSInfoRef, MappingInfoRef
a, and IntervalInfo.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 22 XML Pseudo- syntax code (based on (File
MPEG- format Occurrence Semantics 21) box) QoSInfoRef, MappingInfo
Ref Index 1 Indicates the order (starting from 1) not unsigned of
the referenced description or box applicable int(8) (Interval,
QoSInfo, MappingInfo) in the description file referenced by the
next Location element. Location 1 Provides reference to description
uri string represented by Interval, QoSInfo, or element (repre-
MappingInfo. in dia: senting Reference- url) Type IntervalInfo
TimeScale 0 . . . 1 Describes the number of time units in integer
unsigned one second. This value is used with int(32) time-related
elements, when a time unit is not specified. TimeScale element, if
present, overrides the time scale provided by GeneralInfo.
StartTime 0 . . . 1 Indicates the start time of the interval.
Duration 0 . . . 1 Indicates the duration of the interval. integer
unsigned int(32) DefaultFrag 0 . . . 1 Indicates the default
duration of integer unsigned Duration fragments of the interval
(except the int(32) last fragment). Default- 0 . . . 1 Provides a
default location for the anyURI string ContentIntLoc content
interval. type Last 0 . . . 1 If true, indicates the final interval
of boolean by flag the content. IntervalsRef, Previous-
IntervalsRef NextInterval- Ref startTime Indicates the start time
of the xs: referenced sequence of duration intervals/periods
relative to the start time of the content (LiveStartTime for live
content and 0 for on-demand content). AvailableTime 0 . . . 1
Indicates the time the description of integer unsigned the next
interval is available. The is int(32) the relative time from the
start time of the content. Index 1 Indicates the order (starting
from 1) not unsigned of the referenced interval description
applicable int(8) (or box) in the description file referenced by
the next Location element. Location 1 Provides reference to
description file sx: string that contains Interval descriptions.
anyURI (repre- type or uri senting element in url) dia: Reference-
Type
[0131] The following Table 3 describes the QoSInfo element.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Pseudocode XML syntax (File (based on format
Occurrence Semantics MPEG-21) box) QoSInfo 1 Provides information
about a QoSInfoType `QoSi` list of content alternatives, containing
a box such as resource UtilityFunction characteristics and of
quality/utility. dia:Adaptive QoSType ClassSchemeRef 0 . . . 1
Provides a list of dia:DescriptionMetadataType `csmr`
classification schemes. box The classification schemes provide
semantics for some terms or names scheme 1 . . . N Provides
reference to a Attr. alias & a url classification scheme. href
in string dia:DescriptionMetadataType (1) Resource 0 . . . N Each
instance of Resource Element `resi` element describes, for a list
constraint of box of alternatives, characteristic dia:UFDataType
values of a certain resource in DIA type (e.g., bitrate). Utility-
FunctionType (2) AdaptationOperator 0 . . . N Each instance of
dia:UFDataType `adpo` AdaptationOperator element box describes, for
a list of alternatives, values of a certain adaptation type (e.g.,
remove temporal layers). (3) Utility 0 . . . N Each instance of
Utility dia:UFDataType `util` box element describes, for a list of
alternatives, values in a certain quality/utility type (e.g., MOS).
UtilityRank 0 . . . 1 Describes the quality ranking
dia:UtilityRankType `utir` for a list of alternatives. box Value 1
. . . N Indicates the quality/utility integer unsigned rank of an
alternative. int(16) The number of instances of Value element is
equal to the number of alternatives.
[0132] The following Table 4 shows common semantics of (1)
Resource, (2) AdaptationOperator, and (3) Utility of Table 3.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Pseudocode XML syntax (File Element (1),
(based on format (2), (3) Semantics MPEG-21) box) Name 1 Describes
an identifier for a Att. unsigned certain type of the element.
`iOPinRef`, int(32) When the identifier is not ref. a CS
semantically defined by the term above embodiment, next three
elements are used to find semantics of the identifier in a
classification scheme. CSref_ind 0 . . . 1 Indicates the reference
index Not unsigned of a classification scheme in applicable int(16)
the list provided by ClassSchemeRef element. LevelNum 0 . . . 1
Indicates the number of levels. Not unsigned applicable int(16)
LevelIndex 1 . . . N Each instance of LevelIndex Not unsigned
element represents an index applicable int(16) value at a level of
the classification scheme. Value 1 . . . N Indicates the value of a
Component unsigned resource type (adaptation in int(32) operator,
or utility) of an dia:VectorDataType alternative. The number of
instances of Value element is equal to the number of
alternatives.
[0133] The following Table 5 shows mapping information.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 XML Pseudocode syntax (File (based on format
Occurrence Semantics MPEG-21) box) MappingInfo 0 . . . 1
MappingInfoType `mapi`box AlterLocID 0 . . . 1 Provides a location
ID for each dia:IntegerVectorType `aloc` alternative described in
QoSInfo. box If AlterLocID element is not present, the first
location in the location list may be used for all alternatives.
Value 1 . . . N Indicates a location ID for an integer unsigned
alternative. int(16) The number of instances of this element is
equal to the number of alternatives. The n.sup.th instance of Value
element corresponds to the n.sup.th alternative of QoSInfo
description. ReqQoSPara 0 . . . N Indicates a parameter of QoSInfo
ReqQoSParaType `reqp` that may be put in the request (for that box
an alternative) sent by the client extends to the server.
dia:BooleanVectorType A parameter may be an instance of Resource,
AdaptationOperator, Utility, or UtilityRank elements. RefIndex 1
Indicates instance index/reference represented unsigned in the
instance list of Resource, by attribute int(16) AdaptationOperator,
Utility and `iOPinRef` UtilityRank elements. that references an
IOPin in QoSInfo All 1 If true, the parameter needs to be boolean
flag requested for all alternatives and ReqFlag may be skipped.
ReqFlag 0 . . . N Each instance of ReqFlag element component
unsigned corresponds to an alternative. of int(8) If ReqFlag is
true, the request for BooleanVectorType the corresponding
alternative has the parameter identified above. LocationList 1
Provides a list of locations for LocationListType `locl` retrieving
content alternatives box Location 1 . . . N Provides information of
a LocationType `loca` location box
[0134] Semantics of Location elements may be further provided as
shown in Table 6.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 XML syntax Pseudocode (based on (File MPEG-
format Occurrence Semantics 21) box) Location 1 . . . N Location
`loca` Type box LocID 1 Indicate an ID of an integer unsigned
instance of Location int(16) element. Location element is referred
to by AlterLocID. StrLocation 0 . . . N Provides location
StrLocationType `stlo` information of a stream of box a content
interval. Each stream is provided by either a stream URL or a
number of fragment URLs. FragNum 0 . . . 1 Provides the number of
integer unsigned fragments int(16) StreamUrl 0 . . . 1 Describes a
URL of a anyURItype string stream FragmentUrl 0 . . . N Describes a
URL of a anyURItype string fragment. The number of instances of
FragmentUrl element is the number of fragments. FragTime 0 . . . 1
Provides durations of dia:VectorDataType `frtm` fragments. box
Value 1 . . . N Indicates a duration of a integer unsigned
fragment. int(32) The number of instances of Value element is the
number of fragments. RandAccess 0 . . . 1 Describes fragments that
dia:VectorDataType `rdac` support random access. box Value 1 . . .
N Indicates the order of a integer unsigned random-access fragment.
int(16) MP2TSPara 0 . . . 1 Describes additional MP2TSParaType
`mp2p` parameters (beside URL) box for locating a content/program
in a MPEG-2 TS. PID 1 . . . N Describes values of PIDs integer
unsigned of content/program in a int(16) MPEG-2 TS. FragBoundaries
0 . . . 1 Describes boundaries of FragBoundariesType `frbd`
(virtual) fragments in a box stream. The number of instances of
FragBoundaries element is equal to the number of fragments of the
stream. Only one type of following elements is present in a
FragBoundaries instance. MP2TSBoundary 0 . . . N Describes
parameters for MP2TSBoundaryType `mp2b` detecting (virtual) box
fragment boundary in a MPEG-2 TS. If there are two instances of
MP2TSBoundary element, the two instances are starting and ending
boundaries of a fragment. If there is only one instance of
MP2TSBoundary element, the instance is the starting boundary. The
ending boundary is right before the starting boundary of the next
fragment. ISOFileBoundary 1 . . . 2 Describes parameters for
ISOFileBoundaryType `isfb` detecting (virtual) box fragment
boundary in a file based on ISO base media file format. If there
are two instances of ISOFileBoundary element, the two instances are
starting and ending boundaries of a fragment. If there is only one
instance of ISOFileBoundary element, the instance is the starting
boundary. The ending boundary is right before the starting boundary
of the next fragment. ByteRanges 1 Describes byte ranges that
ByteRangesType `brag` identify a part/fragment of box a file.
Parameters provided by ByteRange element may be used for byte range
options in an HTTP request.
[0135] Semantics of MP2TSBoundary, ISOFileBoundary, and ByteRanges
may be further provided as shown in Table 7.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 XML syntax Pseudo- (based on code Occurrence
Semantics DIA) (MP4) MP2TS- MP2TS- 'mp2b' Boundary BoundaryType box
PCR_PID 1 Describes PID carrying PCR of the integer unsigned
concerned content/program. int(16) PCR_base 1 Describes a value of
a PCR base long unsigned field int(40) PCR_ext 1 Describes a value
of a PCR integer unsigned extension field. int(16) Appearance 1
Describes the appearance order integer unsigned (e.g., 1.sup.st,
2.sup.nd) of the TS packet int(16) containing the PCR value
identified by the above two elements. If there is
resetting/discontinuity of PCR, a PCR value may appear more than
once during an interval. Media_PID 1 . . . N Describes PID of a
media (e.g., integer unsigned video) of a program. int(16) The
number of instances of Media_PID element is equal to the number of
media of the program/content. Media_ 1 . . . N Describes the offset
(in TS packets integer unsigned Offset of the same media PID) from
the int(16) above identified PCR packet to the first media packet
of a fragment. The n.sup.th instance of Media_Offset is associated
with the n.sup.th instance of Media_PID. ISOFile- ISOFile- 'isfb'
Boundary BoundaryType box SequenceNo 1 Describes the sequence
number integer unsigned provided in the mfhd box. int(16) The mfhd
box defines a fragment of an MP4 file. SequenceNo with a value of 0
indicates the beginning of the file. ByteRanges ByteRanges- 'brag'
Type box Start 1 . . . N Describes the starting value of a integer
unsigned byte range. int(32) A value of '-1' means that this value
in the HTTP request is missing. End 1 . . . N Describes the ending
value of a byte integer unsigned range. int(32) A value of '-1'
means that this value in the HTTP request is missing. Start-End
instances are present in pair. The n.sup.th instance of End is
associated with the n.sup.th instance of Start. Media_PID 0 . . . N
Describes PID of a media (e.g., integer unsigned video) that needs
to be extracted int(16) from the byte range of the above pair of
Start-End. Media_PID element is used when the byte range is a
segment of MPEG-2 TS, and all PIDs do not need to be delivered.
[0136] Hereinafter, a client request will be described.
[0137] Signaling of metadata obtained by a client may include
different parts or levels of signaling information. Accordingly, a
request from the client to a server may include parameters of
different levels of details.
[0138] Main parameters of the client may be Uniform Resource
Identifiers (URIs), and may be associated with a query part.
[0139] Three main scenarios are examined as follows:
[0140] 1) Server-Based Scenario
[0141] In the server-based scenario, the metadata provided from the
server to the client may include general content information 310
and general interval information 320.
[0142] For an URI of requested content, DefaultContentlntLoc (if
not, DefaultContentlntLoc) may be used. To enable the client to
request a specific fragment of content, the following parameters a)
and b) are defined in the query part (of the request in operation
140):
[0143] a) "fragno": Order value of the fragment in the interval
[0144] b) "fragti": Start time of the fragment in the interval
[0145] For example, a request URI may be
"HTTP://server.com/file.mp4?fragno=5."
[0146] 2) Distributed Scenario
[0147] In the distributed scenario, the metadata provided from the
server to the client may include general content information 310,
general interval information 320, and QoS information 330.
[0148] In addition to the above parameters, the following
QoS-related parameters a) through c) are defined in the query part
(of the request in operation 140) to enable the client to request
an appropriate alternative:
[0149] a) "alter": Order value of an alternative. Based on the
order value of the alternative, the alternative may appear in the
QoS information.
[0150] b) "oper1", "oper2", . . . , and "operN": "operi" carries a
value of an i.sup.th adaptation operation that appears in the QoS
information.
[0151] c) "res1", "res2", . . . , "resN": "resi" carries a value of
an i.sup.th resource that appears in the QoS information.
[0152] Only one of the above three options may be used in a single
request.
[0153] With typical adaptation operators and resource types,
specific parameter names for better intelligibility and
interoperability may be defined.
[0154] Adaptation operators are as the following a) through e).
[0155] a) audiolayers: indicates the number of scalable audio
layers to be discarded.
[0156] b) temporallayers: indicates the number of temporal layers
of scalable video to be discarded.
[0157] c) spatiallayers: indicates the number of spatial layers of
scalable video to be discarded.
[0158] d) qualitylayers: indicates the number of quality layers of
scalable video to be discarded.
[0159] e) prioritylayers: indicates the number of priority layers
of scalable video to be discarded.
[0160] Resource types are as the following a) through d).
[0161] a) bitrate: indicates the average bitrate (in Kbps) of the
requested alternative.
[0162] b) vertresolution: indicates the vertical resolution of the
requested alternative.
[0163] c) horiresolution: indicates the horizontal resolution of
the requested alternative.
[0164] d) framerate: indicates the framerate of the requested
alternative.
[0165] Using the pre-defined parameters, an example of a request
URI based on the bitrate may be
"http://server.com/file.mp4?fragno=5&bitrate=550."
[0166] 3) Client-Based Scenario
[0167] In the client-based scenario, the metadata provided from the
server to the client may include general content, general interval
information, QoS information, and mapping information.
[0168] The QoS-related parameters used in the request may be
indicated by a ReqQoSPara part of QoSInfo metadata. For example,
when RefIndex of ReqQoSPara is 0 or null, the "alter" parameter may
be used instead of other options.
[0169] When ReqQoSPara is not present in the QoSInfo metadata, the
QoS-related parameters may not be used. Alternatives in this case
may be implied by locations of MappingInfo.
[0170] A URI of content may be derived from rich description of
MappingInfo. When content/program is conveyed in an MPEG-2 TS, one
or more PIDs may be used to locate the content in the stream.
[0171] When additional information for detecting fragment
boundaries are provided, the following parameters 1) through 3) for
the query part (of the request in operation 140) may be used.
[0172] 1) For an MPEG-2 TS boundary, Appearance, PCR_PID, PCR_base,
PCR_ext, Media_PID, and Media_Offset
[0173] 2) For an ISO media file boundary, SequenceNo
[0174] 3) For a file considered as a raw byte-sequence, Start and
End
[0175] Semantics of the above parameters may be provided in
semantics of a FragBoundaries element.
[0176] Start-End pairs may be used by a range header of an HTTP
request message. For example, if {(Start=0, End=99); (Start=200,
End=299)}, the header may be "Range: bytes=0-99, 200-299."
[0177] Hereinafter, syntax representation in an XML format will be
described. Representations of the above syntax elements may be
provided in the XML format. Semantics of each element may be traced
back in the above Tables 1 through 7.
[0178] Several elements may be extensions of several types defined
in an MPEG-21 DIA. Several few elements may take several types
defined in the MPEG-21 DIA.
[0179] The following Table 8 shows syntax representation of
HTTPStreamingType in the XML format.
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 <complexType name="HTTPStreamingType">
<complexContent> <extension
base="dia:DIADescriptionType"> <sequence> <element
name="GeneralInfo" type="GeneralInfoType" minOccurs="0"/>
<choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <element
name="IntervalsRef" type="IntervalsRefType"/> <element
name="Interval" type="IntervalType"/> </choice>
</sequence> </complexContent> </complexType>
[0180] The following Table 9 shows syntax representation of
GeneralInfoType in the XML format.
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 <complexType name="GeneralInfoType">
<complexContent> <extension
base="dia:DIADescriptionType"> <sequence> <element
name="TimeScale" type="integer" minOccurs="0"/> <element
name="LiveStartTime" type="dateTime" minOccurs="0"/> <element
name="Duration" type="integer" minOccurs="0"/> <element
name="DefaultIntDuration" type="integer" minOccurs="0"/>
<element name="MinUpdateTime" type="integer" minOccurs="0"/>
<element name="ConsistentQoSInfo" type="boolean"
minOccurs="0"/> <element name="DefaultContentLoc"
type="anyURI" minOccurs="0"/> </sequence>
</extension> </complexContent> </complexType>
[0181] The following Table 10 shows syntax representation of
IntervalRefType in the XML format.
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 <complexType name="IntervalsRefType">
<complexContent> <extension base="dia:ReferenceType">
<sequence> <element name="AvaliableTime" type="integer"
minOccurs="0"/> </sequence> <attribute name="startTime"
type="xs:duration" use="optional"/> </extension>
</complexContent> </complexType>
[0182] The following Table 11 shows syntax representation of
IntervalType in the XML format.
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 <complexType name="IntervalType">
<complexContent> <extension
base="dia:DIADescriptionType"> <sequence> <element
name="IntervalInfo" type="IntervalInfoType" minOccurs="0"/>
<choice minOccurs="0"> <element name="QoSInfo"
type="QoSInfoType"/> <element name="QoSInfoRef"
type="dia:ReferenceType"/> </choice> <choice
minOccurs="0"> <element name="MappingInfo"
type="MappingInfoType"/> <element name="MappingInfoRef"
type="dia:ReferenceType"/> </choice> <element
name="PreviousIntervalsRef" type="IntervalsRefType"
minOccurs="0"/> <element name="NextIntervalsRef"
type="IntervalsRefType" minOccurs="0"/> </sequence>
</extension> </complexContent> </complexType>
[0183] The following Table 12 shows syntax representation of
IntervalInfoType in the XML format.
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 <complexType name="IntervalInfoType">
<sequence> <element name="TimeScale" type="integer"
minOccurs="0"/> <element name="StartTime" type="dateTime"
minOccurs="0"/> <element name="Duration" type="integer"
minOccurs="0"/> <element name="DefaultFragDuration"
type="integer" minOccurs="0"/> <element
name="DefaultContentIntLoc" type="anyURI" minOccurs="0"/>
<element name="Last" type="boolean" minOccurs="0"/>
</sequence> </complexType>
[0184] The following Table 13 shows syntax representation of
QoSInfoType in the XML format.
TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 <complexType name="QoSInfoType">
<complexContent> <extension
base="dia:DIADescriptionType"> <sequence> <element
name="DescriptionMetadata" type="dia:DescriptionMetadataType"
minOccurs="0"/> <element name="Description"
type="dia:AdaptationQoSType"/> </sequence>
</extension> </complexContent> </complexType>
[0185] The following Table 14 shows syntax representation of
MappingInfoType in the XML format.
TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 <complexType name="MappingInfoType">
<complexContent> <extension
base="dia:DIADescriptionType"> <sequence> <element
name="AlterLocIDs" type= "IntegerVectorType" minOccurs="0"/>
<element name="ReqQoSPara" type="ReqQoSParaType" minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/> <element name="LocationList"
type="LocationListType"/> </sequence> </extension>
</complexContent> </complexType>
[0186] The following Table 15 shows syntax representation of
ReqQoSParaType in the XML format.
TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 <complexType name="ReqQoSParaType">
<complexContent> <extension
base="dia:BooleanVectorType"> <attribute name="all"
type="boolean" use="optional"/> <attribute name="iOPinRef"
type="anyURI" use="required"/> </extension>
</complexContent> </complexType>
[0187] The following Table 16 shows syntax representation of
LocationListType in the XML format.
TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 <complexType name="LocationListType">
<sequence> <element name="Location" type="LocationType"
maxOccurs= "unbounded"/> </sequence>
</complexType>
[0188] The following Table 17 shows syntax representation of
LocationType in the XML format.
TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 <complexType name="LocationType">
<sequence> <element name="StrLocation"
type="StrLocationType" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </sequence>
<attribute name="locID" type="integer" use="required"/>
</complexType>
[0189] The following Table 18 shows syntax representation of
StrLocationType in the XML format.
TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 18 <complexType name="StrLocationType">
<sequence> <element name="FragNum" type="integer"
minOccurs="0" /> <choice> <element name="StreamUrl"
type="anyURI"/> <element name="FragmentUrl" type="anyURI"
maxOccurs= "unbounded"/> </choice> <element
name="FragTime" type="dia:IntegerVectorType" minOccurs="0" />
<element name="RandAccess" type="dia:IntegerVectorType"
minOccurs="0" /> <element name="MP2TSPara"
type="MP2TSParaType" minOccurs="0"/> <element
name="FragBoundaries" type= "FragBoundariesType"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </sequence>
</complexType>
[0190] The following Table 19 shows syntax representation of
MP2TSParaType in the XML format.
TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 19 <complexType name="MP2TSParaType">
<sequence> <element name="PID" type="integer"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </sequence>
</complexType>
[0191] The following Table 20 shows syntax representation of
FragBoundariesType in the XML format.
TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 20 <complexType
name="FragBoundariesType"> <sequence> <choice>
<element name="MP2TSBoundary" type= "MP2TSBoundaryType"
maxOccurs="2"/> <element name="ISOFileBoundary" type=
"ISOFileBoundaryType" maxOccurs="2"/> <element
name="ByteRanges" type="ByteRangesType"/> </choice>
</sequence> </complexType>
[0192] The following Table 21 shows syntax representation of
MP2TSBoundaryType in the XML format.
TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 21 <complexType
name="MP2TSBoundaryType"> <sequence> <element
name="PCR_PID" type="integer"/> <element name="PCR_base"
type="long"/> <element name="PCR_ext" type="integer"/>
<element name="Appearance" type="integer"/> <element
name="Media_PID" type="integer" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
<element name="Media_Offset" type="integer"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </sequence>
</complexType>
[0193] The following Table 22 shows syntax representations of
ISOFileBoundaryType and ByteRangesType in the XML format.
TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 22 <complexType
name="ISOFileBoundaryType"> <sequence> <element
name="SequenceNo" type="integer" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</sequence> </complexType> <complexType
name="ByteRangesType"> <sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
<element name="Start" type="integer"/> <element name="End"
type="integer"/> <element name="Media_PID" type="integer"
minOccurs="0"/> </sequence> </complexType>
[0194] Hereinafter, syntax representation in an MP4 pseudo-code
format will be described. Representation of the above syntax
elements may be provided in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
[0195] The following Table 23 shows syntax representation of
HTTPStreamingBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00023 TABLE 23 HTTPStreamingBox Box Type: `htps`
Container: Signaling file Mandatory: Yes Quantity: One Aligned(8)
class HTTPStreamingBox extends Box(`htps`) { }
[0196] The following Table 24 shows syntax representation of
GeneralInfoBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 24 GeneralInfoBox Box Type: `geni` Container:
`htps` Mandatory: No Quantity: One Aligned(8) class GeneralInfoBox
extends Box(`geni`) { bit(1) consistentQoSInfo_flag; bit(1)
timescale_flag; bit(1) live_start_time_flag; bit(1) duration_flag;
bit(1) default_interval_duration_flag; bit(1) min_update_time_flag;
bit(1) default_content_loc_flag; bit(1) reserved; if
(timescale_flag==1) { unsigned int(32) timescale;} if
(live_start_time_flag==1) { unsigned int(64) live_start_time;} if
(duration_flag==1) {unsigned int(32) duration;} if
(default_interval_duration_flag==1) { unsigned int(32)
default_interval_duration;} if (min_update_time==1) {unsigned
int(32) min_update_time;} if (default_content_loc_ref ==1) {string
default_content_loc_ref;} }
[0197] Hereinafter, interval-level information will be
described.
[0198] The following Table 25 shows syntax representation of
IntervalBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00025 TABLE 25 IntervalBox Box Type: `intv` Container:
`htps` Mandatory: No Quantity: One or more Aligned(8) class
IntervalBox extends Box(`intv`) { }
[0199] The following Table 26 shows syntax representation of
IntervalRefBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 26 IntervalRefBox Box Type: `iref` Container:
`htps` Mandatory: No Quantity: One or more Aligned(8) class
IntervalRefBox extends Box(`iref`) { unsigned int(8) index; string
location; }
[0200] The following Table 27 shows syntax representation of
QoSInfoRefBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00027 TABLE 27 QoSInfoRefBox Box Type: `qref` Container:
`intv` Mandatory: No Quantity: Zero or more Aligned(8) class
QoSInfoRef extends Box(`qref`) { unsigned int(8) index; string
location; }
[0201] The following Table 28 shows syntax representation of
MappingInfoRefBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00028 TABLE 28 MappingInfoRefBox Box Type: `mref`
Container: `intv` Mandatory: No Quantity: Zero or more Aligned(8)
class MappingInfoRef extends Box(`mref`) { unsigned int(8) index;
string location; }
[0202] The following Table 29 shows syntax representation of
IntervalInfoBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00029 TABLE 29 IntervalInfoBox Box Type: `inti` Container:
`intv` Mandatory: No Quantity: Zero or more Aligned(8) class
IntervalInfoBox extends Box(`geni`) { bit(1) last_flag; bit(1)
timescale_flag; bit(1) start_time_flag; bit(1) duration_flag;
bit(1) default_frag_duration_flag; bit(1)
default_content_interval_loc_flag; bit(2) reserved; if
(timescale_flag==1) {unsigned int(32) timescale;} if
(start_time_flag==1) {unsigned int(32) start_time;} if
(duration_flag==1) {unsigned int(32) duration;} if
(default_frag_duration==1) {unsigned int(32)
default_frag_duration;} if (default_content_interval_loc_flag==1)
{string default_content_interval_loc;} }
[0203] The following Table 30 shows syntax representation of
NextIntervalRefBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00030 TABLE 30 NextIntervalRefBox Box Type: `nref`
Container: `intv` Mandatory: No Quantity: Zero or more Aligned(8)
class NextIntervalRef extends Box(`nref`) { unsigned int(32)
available_time; unsigned int(8) index; string location; }
[0204] Hereinafter, QoS information will be described.
[0205] The following Table 31 shows syntax representation of
QoSInfoBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00031 TABLE 31 QoSInfoBox Box Type: `QoSi` Container:
`intv` or `htps` Mandatory: No Quantity: Zero or more Note: when a
`QoSi` box is stored separately from other signaling metadata, it
will stay directly in `htps` box for the purpose of easy
referencing. Aligned(8) class QoSInfoBox extends Box(`QoSi`) {
}
[0206] The following Table 32 shows syntax representation of
ClassSchemeRefBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00032 TABLE 32 ClassSchemeRefBox Box Type: `csmr`
Container: `QoSi` Mandatory: No Quantity: Zero or more Aligned(8)
class ClassSchemeRef extends Box(`csmr`) { unsigned int(32)
entry_count; for (i=1; i <= entry_count ; i++) { string scheme;
//URL } }
[0207] The following Table 33 shows syntax representation of
ResourceBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00033 TABLE 33 ResourceBox Box Type: `resi` Container:
`QoSi` Mandatory: No Quantity: Zero or more Aligned(8) class
ResouceBox extends Box(`resi`) { unsigned int(32) name; if
(name=="r000"||name=="r001"||name=="r002"||name=="r003"||
name=="r004"||name=="r005"||name=="r006"||name=="r007"||
name=="r008"||name=="r009") { unsigned int(16) csref_ind; unsigned
int(16) level_num; for (i=1; i <= level_num ; i++) { unsigned
int(32) level_index; } } for (i=1; ; i++) { unsigned int(32) value;
} } We define some typical names of resource types as follows o
`bit` means average bitrate of the content o "frar" means frame
rate of video content o "verr" means vertical resolution of video
frame o "horr" means horizontal resolution of video frame When a
resource type defined in some Classification Scheme should be used,
the resource takes a "dummy name" among {`r000`, `r001`, ....,
`r009` and some special parameters (csref_ind, level_num,
level_Index) are used to associate that "dummy name" with a term of
semantics in the Classification Scheme.
[0208] The following Table 34 shows syntax representation of
AdaptationOperatorBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00034 TABLE 34 AdaptationOperatorBox Box Type: `adpo`
Container: `QoSi` Mandatory: No Quantity: Zero or more Aligned(8)
class AdaptationOperatorBox extends Box(`adpo`) { unsigned int(32)
name; if (name=="a000"||name=="a001"||name=="a002"||name=="a003"||
name=="a004"||name=="a005"||name=="a006"||name=="a007"||
name=="a008"||name=="a009") { unsigned int(16) csref_ind; unsigned
int(16) level_num; for (i=1; i <= level_num ; i++) { unsigned
int(32) level_index; } } for (i=1; ; i++) { unsigned int(32) value;
} } We define some typical names of adaptation operator types as
follows o `spals` means the number of spatial layers to be
discarded, from the highest one. o `quls` means the number of
quality layers to be discarded, from the highest one. o `tmls`
means the number of temporal layers to be discarded, from the
highest one. When a adaptation operator type defined in some
Classification Scheme (outside this standard) should be used, the
operator takes a "dummy name" among {`a000`, `a001`, ..., `a009`}
and some special parameters (csref_ind, level_num, level_index) are
used to associate that "dummy name" with a term of semantics in the
Classification Scheme.
[0209] The following Table 35 shows syntax representation of
UtilityBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00035 TABLE 35 UtilityBox Box Type: `util` Container:
`QoSi` Mandatory: No Quantity: Zero or more Aligned(8) class
UtilityBox extends Box(`util`) { unsigned int(32) name; if
(name=="u000"||name=="u001"||name=="u002"||name=="u003"||
name=="u004"||name=="u005"||name=="u006"||name=="u007"||
name=="u008"||name=="u009") { unsigned int(16) csref_ind; unsigned
int(16) level_num; for (i=1; i <= level_num ; i++) { unsigned
int(32) level_index; } } for (i=1; ; i++) { unsigned int(32) value;
} } We define some typical names of utilities as follows o `psnr` o
`mos ` When a utility type defined in some Classification Scheme
(outside this standard) should be used, the operator takes a "dummy
name" among {`u000`, `u001`, ..., `u009`} and some special
parameters (csref_ind, level_num, level_index) are used to
associate that "dummy name" with a term of semantics in the
Classification Scheme.
[0210] The following Table 36 shows syntax representation of
UtilityRankBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00036 TABLE 36 UtilityRankBox Box Type: `utir` Container:
`QoSi` Mandatory: No Quantity: Zero or more Aligned(8) class
UtilityRankBox extends Box(`utir`) { for (i=1; ; i++) { unsigned
int(32) value; } }
[0211] Hereinafter, mapping information will be described.
[0212] The following Table 37 shows syntax representation of
MappingInfoBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00037 TABLE 37 MappingInfoBox Box Type: `mapi` Container:
`intv` or 'htps` Mandatory: No Quantity: Zero or more Note: when a
`mapi` box is stored separately from other signaling metadata, it
will stay directly in `htps` box for the purpose of easy
referencing. Aligned(8) class MappingInfoBox extends Box(`mapi`) {
}
[0213] The following Table 38 shows syntax representation of
AlterLoclDBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00038 TABLE 38 AlterLocIDBox Box Type: `aloc` Container:
`mapi` Mandatory: No Quantity: Zero or more Aligned(8) class
AlterLocIDBox extends Box(`aloc`) { for (i=1; ; i++) { unsigned
int(32) value; } }
[0214] The following Table 39 shows syntax representation of
ReqQoSParaBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00039 TABLE 39 ReqQoSParaBox Box Type: `reqp` Container:
`mapi` Mandatory: No Quantity: Zero or more Aligned(8) class
ReqQoSParaBox extends Box(`reqp`) { bit(1) all_flag; bit(7)
reserved; unsigned int(32) refindex; if ( all_flag == 0 ) { for
(i=1; ; i++) { unsigned int(8) req_flag; } } }
[0215] The following Table 40 shows syntax representation of
ReqQoSParaBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00040 TABLE 40 ReqQoSParaBox Box Type: `locl` Container:
`mapi` Mandatory: No Quantity: Zero or more Aligned(8) class
LocationListBox extends Box(`locl`) { }
[0216] The following Table 41 shows syntax representation of
LocationBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00041 TABLE 41 LocationBox Box Type: `loca` Container:
`locl` Mandatory: Yes Quantity: One or more Aligned(8) class
LocationBox extends Box(`loca`) { unsigned int(16) frag_num;
unsigned int(16) locID; }
[0217] The following Table 42 shows syntax representation of
FragTimeBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00042 TABLE 42 FragTimeBox Box Type: `frtm` Container:
`loca` Mandatory: No Quantity: Zero or more Aligned(8) class
FragTimeBox extends Box(`frtm`) { for (i=1; ; i++) { unsigned
int(32) value; } }
[0218] The following Table 43 shows syntax representation of
RandAccessBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00043 TABLE 43 RandAccessBox Box Type: `rdac` Container:
`loca` Mandatory: No Quantity: Zero or more Aligned(8) class
RandAccessBox extends Box(`rdac`) { for (i=1; ; i++) { unsigned
int(16) value; } }
[0219] The following Table 44 shows syntax representation of
StrLocationBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00044 TABLE 44 StrLocationBox Box Type: `stlo` Container:
`loca` Mandatory: Yes Quantity: One or more Aligned(8) class
StrLocationBox extends Box(`stlo`) { bit(1) stream_url_flag; bit(7)
reserved; if (stream_url_flag == 1) { string stream_url; } else {
for (i=1; ; i++) { string fragment_url; } } }
[0220] The following Table 45 shows syntax representation of
MP2TSParaBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00045 TABLE 45 MP2TSParaBox Box Type: `mp2p` Container:
`loca` Mandatory: No Quantity: Zero or more Aligned(8) class
MP2TSParaBox extends Box(`mp2p`) { for (i-1; ; i++) { unsigned
int(16) PID; } }
[0221] The following Table 46 shows syntax representation of
FragBoundariesBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00046 TABLE 46 FragBoundariesBox Box Type: `frbd`
Container: `loca` Mandatory: No Quantity: Zero or more Aligned(8)
class FragBoundariesBox extends Box(`frbd`) { }
[0222] The following Table 47 shows syntax representation of
MP2TSBoundaryBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00047 TABLE 47 MP2TSBoundaryBox Box Type: `mp2b`
Container: `frbd` Mandatory: No Quantity: Zero or more Aligned(8)
class MP2TSBoundaryBox extends Box(`mp2b`) { unsigned int(16)
appearance; unsigned int(16) PCR_ID; unsigned int(40) PCR_base;
unsigned int(16) PCR_ext; for (i=1; ; i++) { unsigned int(16)
media_PID; } for (i=1; ; i++) { unsigned int(16) media_offset; }
}
[0223] The following Table 48 shows syntax representation of
ISOFileBoundaryBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00048 TABLE 48 ISOFileBoundaryBox Box Type: `isfb`
Container: `frbd` Mandatory: No Quantity: Zero or more Aligned(8)
class ISOFileBoundaryBox extends Box(`isfb`) { unsigned int(16)
sequence_no; }
[0224] The following Table 49 shows syntax representation of
ISOFileBoundaryBox in the MP4 pseudo-code format.
TABLE-US-00049 TABLE 49 ByteRangesBox Box Type: `isfb` Container:
`frbd` Mandatory: No Quantity: Zero or more Aligned(8) class
ByteRangesBox extends Box(`bra`) { for (i=1; ; i++) { unsigned
int(32) start; unsigned int(32) end; } }
[0225] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating detecting of virtual
boundaries in an MPEG-2 TS according to an embodiment of the
present invention.
[0226] In a TS, PCR packets of a given program may be carried with
fixed PIDs (namely, PCR_PID), and may be inserted at least every
100 ms.
[0227] The PCT packets (with increasing values) may be considered
as anchor points of the program. On the other hand, each media of a
program may be carried by packets of a given PID (namely,
Media_PID).
[0228] Accordingly, a fragment boundary of a media stream may be
defined or identified by 1) a specific anchor point and 2) an
offset from the anchor to the packet at the boundary.
[0229] The offset may be counted by the packets of the same
Media_PID.
[0230] PCR values may be occasionally reset (discontinuity). For
example, when one or more PCR packets have the same PCR value in an
interval, an appearance order of PCR packets used as anchors may be
indicated.
[0231] Accordingly, a fragment boundary of a media stream in a
MPEG-2 TS may be identified by the following parameters in Table
50.
TABLE-US-00050 TABLE 50 PCR_PID Describes a PID carrying a PCR of a
concerned content/program. PCR_base Describes a value of a PCR base
field PCR_ext Describes a value of a PCRextension field Appearance
Describes the appearance order (e.g., 1.sup.st, and 2.sup.nd) of
the TS packet including the PCR value identified by the above two
elements. If there is resetting/discontinuity of PCR, a PCR value
may appear more than once during an interval. Media_PID Describes a
PID of a media (e.g., video) of a program. Media_Offset Describes
an offset (in TS packets of the same Media_PID) from the above
identified PCR packet to the first media packet of a fragment.
[0232] Hereinafter, mapping and extension of several syntax
elements in 3GPP adaptive HTTP streaming schema will be
described.
[0233] The 3GPP has enabled standardization of a standard for
adaptive HTTP streaming Mapping of several syntax elements
described above into the schema of 3GPP adaptive HTTP streaming is
shown.
[0234] Several other different syntax may be used to represent
ideas in the following embodiment.
[0235] In the above schema, the term "period" may be equal to the
term "interval" discussed above. Semantics of added
elements/attributes are provided in Table 51.
TABLE-US-00051 TABLE 51 PeriodsRef Equivalent to IntervalsRef
element in the syntax. Child elements (Location, startTime, and
availableTime) are already defined in the table. To make it
consistent with change of Period's start/duration attributes, the
same duration attribute of Period may be used in PeriodsRef.
NextPeriodRef Equivalent to PreviousIntervalsRef in the syntax.
PreviousPeriodsRef Equivalent to PreviousIntervalsRef in the
syntax. lastPeriodFlag Equivalent to Last element in the syntax.
Quality Equivalent to Utility element of AdaptationInfo (or
QoSInfo) in the syntax. Quality element has the following two
attributes: 1) name: describes a quality type (e.g., MOS, and
PSNR). The name attribute has the type of QualityNameType.
Semantics of quality names listed in QualityNameType are defined by
classification scheme AdaptationQoSCS of MPEG- 21 DIA. 2) value:
describes a quality value. requestPara Equivalent to ReqQoSPara
element in the syntax. The requestPara attribute is a text string
with the format defined as follows. If the string does not start
with ''?,'' the string may be formed of a sequence of values
separated by spaces. Each value indicates the order of an attribute
of Representation that is used as a parameter in a query. A name
and value of a query parameter are a name and value of a
corresponding attribute. For example, if the string is ''2 3'' and
the second and third attributes of the Representation are [ . . .
with = ''320'' height = ''240'' . . . ], the query part may be
''with = 320&height = 240.'' If the string starts with ''?,''
an exact query string for a request of the given Representation may
be provided, for example, ''bandwidth = 1000&with =
320&height = 240.'' URL encoding (as defined in RFC 2616) may
be applied here to support special characters. Several special
characters that will be defined below may be also used in the text
string. randAccess Equivalent to RandAccess element in the syntax.
The randAccess attribute is a text string that is formed of a
sequence of values separated by spaces. Each value indicates the
order of a segment of the Representation. Segments identified by
the randAccess attribute may support random access.
[0236] Furthermore, the semantics of the range attribute of UrlType
may be extended to support multiple byte ranges, for example,
"0-500, 1000-1500." Such a modification may enable the range
attribute to be equivalent to ByteRanges element of the above
syntax.
[0237] Additionally, a sourceURL attribute may be changed from
required to optional. This is because baseURL already provides a
complete URL. The sourceURL may be unnecessary.
[0238] The use of multiple byte ranges may provide flexibility in
downloading "virtual segments." For example, a segment of a low
frame rate (that is able to be used in a trickmode) may be
extracted on-the-fly from a stream or an original segment.
[0239] In addition, to support using multiple URLs for a
Representation, the following modifications may be applied to the
schema of 3GPP Adaptive HTTP Streaming.
[0240] Hereinafter, multiple locations for the same
resource/content will be described.
[0241] Each level of description (a top-level, a Period level, and
a Representation level) may provide only a single base URL for
building absolute URLs from the description.
[0242] Multiple base URLs may be provided at each description
level. Multiple base URLs may signal availability of resources at
multiple locations.
[0243] Depending on an actual location of a client, the client may
select one or more base URLs in a process of retrieving
resources.
[0244] Such a modification may be implemented by different ways.
One way may be to use an additional attribute called
"morebaseURLs," or an element called "BaseURLs."
[0245] The attribute or element may be a string formed of multiple
(base) URLs. The string may be separated by several special
characters, for example ";" (namely, a semicolon and a space).
[0246] For example, when a semicolon or space appears within a URL,
the semicolon or space may be encoded by the rules of RFC 2616.
[0247] The morebaseURLs attribute (or BaseURLs element) of a lower
description level may override the same attribute (or element) of
the higher description level.
[0248] For clarity, the morebaseURLs attribute and BaseURLs element
may be restricted to be mutually exclusive. In other words, only a
single type may exist in a whole description.
[0249] Another way may be to use a MoreBaseURL element of any URI
type with multiple instances, where each instance provides a base
URL.
[0250] The different ways may be merely examples of ideas for
providing multiple base URLs. The ideas may be implemented in many
other ways or even other languages.
[0251] Hereinafter, multiple locations for resource/content
components will be described.
[0252] Resource/content may be divided into one or more
components/streams. Each of the one or more components/streams may
be delivered from a location. The delivering may be supported by
allowing multiple instances of an UrlTemplate element or a Url
element set in SegmentInfoType. A modification "<xs:choice
maxOccurs="unbounded">" in SegmentInfoType may be used for the
above purpose.
[0253] The appearance order of a UrlTemplate instance or a Url set
instance may indicate importance of "location/stream." A more
important location may appear before a less important location. For
example, a video Representation may include two streams (for
example, a spatial base layer, and a spatial enhancement layer).
Each of the two streams may be delivered from a location described
by UrlTemplate. Subsequently, the first instance of UrlTemplate may
be a location for the spatial base layer.
[0254] Moreover, multiple instances of InitialisationSegmentURL may
be allowed. An n.sup.th instance of InitialisationSegmentURL may
correspond to an n.sup.th instance of a location (by either the
UrlTemplate element or the Url element set).
[0255] For example, when only a single instance of
InitialisationSegmentURL exists, the instance may be used for all
locations.
[0256] The following Tables 52 through 55 show the schema of 3GPP
AdaptiveHTTPStreaming.
TABLE-US-00052 TABLE 52 <?xml version="1.0"
encoding="UTF-8"?> <xs:schema
targetNamespace="urn:3GPP:ns:PSS:AdaptiveHTTPStreamingMPD: 2009"
attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified"
xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
xmlns="urn:3GPP:ns:PSS:AdaptiveHTTPStreamingMPD:2009">
<xs:annotation> <xs:appinfo>Media Presentation
Description</xs:appinfo> <xs:documentation
xml:lang="en"> This Schema defines 3GPP Media Presentation
Description! </xs:documentation> </xs:annotation>
<!-- MPD: main element --> <xs:element name="MPD"
type="MPDtype"/> <!-- MPD Type --> <xs:complexType
name="MPDtype"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element minOccurs="0"
name="ProgramInformation" type="ProgramInformationType"/>
<xs:choice maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xs:element
name="Period" type="PeriodType"/> <xs:element
name="PeriodsRef" type="PeriodsRefType"/> </xs:choice>
<xs:element minOccurs="0" name="BaseUrls" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"
name="MoreBaseUrl" type="xs:anyURI"/> <xs:any
namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
default="OnDemand" name="type" type="PresentationType"/>
<xs:attribute name="availabilityStartTime"
type="xs:dateTime"/> <xs:attribute name="availabilityEndTime"
type="xs:dateTime"/> <xs:attribute
name="mediaPresentationDuration" type="xs:duration"/>
<xs:attribute name="minimumUpdatePeriodMPD"
type="xs:duration"/> <xs:attribute name="minBufferTime"
type="xs:duration" use="required"/> <xs:attribute
name="timeShiftBufferDepth" type="xs:duration"/>
<xs:attribute name="baseUrl" type="xs:anyURI"/>
<xs:attribute name="morebaseUrls" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
</xs:complexType> <xs:complexType
name="PeriodsRefType"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element
name="Location" type="xs:anyURI"/> </xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name="startTime" type="xs:duration"/>
<xs:attribute name="duration" type="xs:duration"/>
<xs:attribute name="availableTime" type="xs:duration"/>
</xs:complexType>
TABLE-US-00053 TABLE 53 <!-- Type of presentation - live or
on-demand --> <xs:simpleType name="PresentationType">
<xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:enumeration
value="OnDemand"/> <xs:enumeration value="Live"/>
</xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> <!-- Period of a
presentation --> <xs:complexType name="PeriodType">
<xs:sequence> <xs:element minOccurs="0"
name="SegmentInfoDefault" type="SegmentInfoDefaultType"/>
<xs:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="Representation"
type="RepresentationType"/> <xs:element minOccurs="0"
name="PreviousPeriodsRef" type="xs:PeriodsRef"/> <xs:element
minOccurs="0" name="NextPeriodsRef" type="xs:PeriodsRef"/>
<xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name="start" type="xs:duration"/> <xs:attribute
default="false" name="segmentAlignmentFlag" type="xs:boolean"/>
<xs:attribute default="false" name="bitStreamSwitchingFlag"
type="xs:boolean"/> <xs:attribute default="false"
name="lastPeriodFlag" type="xs:boolean"/> <xs:anyAttribute
namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
</xs:complexType> <!-- Program information for a
presentation --> <xs:complexType
name="ProgramInformationType"> <xs:sequence>
<xs:element minOccurs="0" name="Title" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element minOccurs="0" name="Source" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element minOccurs="0" name="Copyright" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name="moreInformationURL" type="xs:anyURI"/> <xs:anyAttribute
namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
</xs:complexType>
TABLE-US-00054 TABLE 54 <!-- Default Segment access information
--> <xs:complexType name="SegmentInfoDefaultType">
<xs:sequence> <xs:element minOccurs="0" name="BaseUrls"
type="xs:string"/> <xs:element minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded" name="MoreBaseUrl" type="xs:anyURI"/>
<xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name="baseURL" type="xs:anyURI"/> <xs:attribute
name="morebaseUrls" type="xs:string"/> <xs:attribute
name="duration" type="xs:duration"/> <xs:attribute
name="sourceUrlTemplatePeriod" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
</xs:complexType> <!-- A Representation of the
presentation content for a specific Period -->
<xs:complexType name="RepresentationType">
<xs:sequence> <xs:element name="SegmentInfo"
type="SegmentInfoType"/> <xs:element minOccurs="0"
name="ContentProtection" type="ContentProtectionType"/>
<xs:element minOccurs="0" name="TrickMode"
type="TrickModeType"/> <xs:element minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded" name="Quality" type="QualityType"/>
<xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name="bandwidth" type="xs:unsignedInt" use="required"/>
<xs:attribute default="0" name="group"
type="xs:unsignedInt"/> <xs:attribute name="width"
type="xs:unsignedInt"/> <xs:attribute name="height"
type="xs:unsignedInt"/> <xs:attribute name="lang"
type="xs:string"/> <xs:attribute name="mimeType"
type="xs:string" use="required"/> <xs:attribute
default="false" name="startWithRAP" type="xs:boolean"/>
<xs:attribute name="qualityRanking" type="xs:unsignedInt"/>
<xs:attribute name="requestPara" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
</xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name="QualityType">
<xs:sequence> <xs:any namespace="##other"
processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</xs:sequence> <xs:attribute name="name"
type="xs:QualityNameType"/> <xs:attribute name="value"
type="xs:float"/> </xs:complexType>
TABLE-US-00055 TABLE 55 <xs:simpleType
name="QualityNameType"> <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
<xs:enumeration value="PSNR"/> <xs:enumeration
value="MOS"/> <xs:enumeration value="0DG"/>
<xs:enumeration value="DI"/> </xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType> <!-- Segment access information -->
<xs:complexType name="SegmentInfoType"> <xs:sequence>
<xs:element minOccurs="0" name="BaseUrls" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"
name="MoreBaseUrl" type="xs:anyURI"/> <xs:element
minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="InitialisationSegmentURL"
type="UrlType"/> <xs:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xs:element minOccurs="0" name="UrlTemplate"
type="UrlTemplateType"/> <xs:sequence> <xs:element
maxOccurs="unbounded" name="Url" type="UrlType"/> <xs:any
namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xs:sequence> <xs:any
namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xs:choice> </xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name="baseURL" type="xs:anyURI"/>
<xs:attribute name="morebaseUrls" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:attribute name="duration" type="xs:duration"/>
<xs:attribute name="randAccess" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
</xs:complexType> <!-- A Segment URL -->
<xs:complexType name="UrlType"> <xs:sequence>
<xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name="sourceURL" type="xs:anyURI" use="optional"/>
<xs:attribute name="range" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
</xs:complexType>
TABLE-US-00056 TABLE 56 <!-- A URL template -->
<xs:complexType name="UrlTemplateType"> <xs:sequence>
<xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name="sourceURL" type="xs:anyURI"/> <xs:attribute name="id"
type="xs:string"/> <xs:attribute default="1"
name="startIndex" type="xs:unsignedInt"/> <xs:attribute
name="endIndex" type="xs:unsignedInt"/> <xs:anyAttribute
namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
</xs:complexType> <!-- Gives information about the content
protection --> <xs:complexType
name="ContentProtectionType"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element
minOccurs="0" name="SchemeInformation" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name="schemeIdUri" type="xs:anyURI"/> <xs:anyAttribute
namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/>
</xs:complexType> <!-- Gives information about trick mode
--> <xs:complexType name="TrickModeType">
<xs:sequence> <xs:any namespace="##other"
processContents="lax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</xs:sequence> <xs:attribute name="alternatePlayoutRate"
type="xs:string"/> <xs:anyAttribute namespace="##other"
processContents="lax"/> </xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>
[0257] Hereinafter, several other options of a PeriodsRef element
will be described.
[0258] XInclude may be a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) technology
that provides an inclusion mechanism used to merge XML
documents.
[0259] The above PeriodsRef and XInclude may be similar in using
any URI type (with the Location element and href attribute) to
refer to a resource/description. However, there are major
differences between the above two approaches.
[0260] XInclude may be used to merge XML documents. In other words,
the merged documents may need to be obtained before being
optionally further processed. Conversely, PeriodsRef may be used to
refer to past or future periods. The past or future periods may not
always need to be merged. The intention of PeriodsRef may be to
allow a user to retrieve appropriate period information only when
the user wants.
[0261] In association with specific attributes/elements, startTime
and availableTime of PeriodsRef may be unique for retrieval of
period information. Among the attributes/elements of XInclude,
"fallback" and "xpointer" may be used to improve functionality of
PeriodsRef, while "parse", "encoding", "accept", and
"accept-language" may be unnecessary for PeriodsRef.
[0262] Based on the above description, two additional options for
referencing periods may be proposed: 1) enhanced PeriodsRef, and 2)
XInclude-extending PeriodsRef.
[0263] Enhanced PeriodsRef: enables enhancement of existing
PeriodsRef by the fallback element and xpointer attribute of
XInclude. This option may have an advantage of simplicity in syntax
and processing. The syntax of modified PeriodsRef may be provided
in Table 57 below.
[0264] XInclude-extending PeriodsRef: enables building of
PeriodsRef by simply extending XInclude with startTime and
availableTime attributes. This option may have an advantage of the
use of the standard XInclude. To avoid always merging documents
initially, the semantics of PeriodsRef may need to mandate that
"clients are allowed to decide whether merging needs to be
completed." The syntax of PeriodsRef may be provided in Table 58
below.
[0265] In the above syntax, an ids attribute may be added to
indicate ids of referenced Periods used in the current media
presentation. Additionally, to have consistency with a href
attribute of XInclude, the Location element may be changed to an
optional location attribute.
TABLE-US-00057 TABLE 57 <xs:complexType
name="PeriodsRefType"> <xs:choice minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xs:element minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded" name="fallback" type="fallbackType"/>
<xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xs:choice> <xs:attribute
name="ids" type="xs:string"/> <xs:attribute name="location"
type="xs:anyURI"/> <xs:attribute name="xpointer"
type="xs:string"/> <xs:attribute name="startTime"
type="xs:duration"/> <xs:attribute name="availableTime"
type="xs:duration"/> <xs:anyAttribute namespace="##other"
processContents="lax"/> </xs:complexType>
<xs:complexType name="fallbackType"> <xs:choice
minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xs:element
name="PeriodsRef" type="PeriodsRefType"/> <xs:any
namespace="##other" processContents="lax"/> </xs:choice>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace="##other" processContents="lax" />
</xs:complexType>
TABLE-US-00058 TABLE 58 <xs:schema ...
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" ... <xs:complexType
name="PeriodsRefType"> <xs:complexContent>
<xs:extension base="xi:includeType"> <xs:attribute
name="ids" type="xs:string"/> <xs:attribute name="startTime"
type="xs:duration"/> <xs:attribute name="availableTime"
type="xs:duration"/> <xs:anyAttribute namespace="##other"
processContents="lax"/> </xs:extension>
</xs:complexContent> </xs:complexType>
[0266] The semantics of the above elements/attributes may be
provided as shown in Table 59.
TABLE-US-00059 TABLE 59 Type Element or (Attribute Attribute Name
or Element) Cardinality Optionality Description MPD E 1 M Describes
a root element that carries a Media Presentation Description (MPD)
for a Media Presentation. . . . Period E 1 . . . N O Provides
information of Period. PeriodsRef E 1 . . . N O Provides reference
to description containing one or more instances of Period element.
One or more instances of Period element represent a sequence of
consecutive Period(s). The information of Period may be either
included as an instance of Period element or referenced by
PeriodsRef element. ids A O. Provides id(s) of referenced
Period(s). When multiple consecutive Periods are referenced, the
id's conveyed by this string are separated by semicolon. locatoin A
O. Provides reference to description of Period(s). xpointer A O.
Provides an XPointer to identify a portion of the referenced
description. If xpointer attribute is absent, location attribute
needs to be present. startTime A 0 . . . 1 O. Indicates the start
time of the referenced sequence of Periods, relative to the start
time of content. StartTime element may help a client to determine
whether referenced information needs to be retrieved. availableTime
A 0 . . . 1 O. Indicates the time the description of referenced
Period(s) is available. The time is the relative time from the
start time of content. If availableTime attribute is absent, the
description is already available.
[0267] Hereinafter, Period Timeline will be described.
[0268] Each period may have a start attribute indicating a start
time of a period. However, the above approach may not be flexible
in modifying a timeline of periods.
[0269] For example, to insert an advertisement period into an MPD
for VOD, start times of all periods after the inserted period need
to be modified. Furthermore, when the same advertisement period is
played repeatedly (for example, every 1 hour), the period may be
continuously inserted. In the same manner, when one or more periods
are removed from an MPD, start times of remaining periods after
periods are removed in space time may be modified.
[0270] In the embodiment, for flexibility of period management, the
following modifications may be proposed:
[0271] 1) Add a new attribute called "duration" to a Period
[0272] 2) Change a current start attribute of a Period to
optional
[0273] 3) Add a new element called PeriodTimeline to the MPD
type
[0274] The PeriodTimeline element may provide information about
presentation of periods based on a timeline. Semantics and syntax
of the PeriodTimeline element may be provided in Tables 60 through
62 below.
[0275] Using PeriodTimeline, description of a Period may be
independent of a presentation time. Accordingly, a Period may be
reused (fully or partially) in the same media presentation or in
another media presentation. To modify the presentation time, only
the Period Timeline needs to be changed.
[0276] In addition, the PartialPlay element may allow (re)play of
one or more parts of a Period. For example, after an advertisement
Period is presented, a part of the advertisement Period (denoted by
beginning and ending) may be occasionally repeated during the whole
session.
[0277] The PeriodTimeline element may impose an explicit timeline
of Periods. Without the PeriodTimeline element, the implicit
timeline of Periods may be inferred from the ordered sequence of
Periods. To support the replay of a Period in the case of implicit
timeline, the PartialPlay element may also be provided as a child
element of the Period element.
TABLE-US-00060 TABLE 60 Type Element or (Attribute Attribute Name
or Element) Cardinality Optionality Description MPD E 1 M Describes
a root element that carries a Media Presentation Description (MPD)
for a Media Presentation. . . . PeriodTimeline E 0 . . . 1 O
Provides the presentation timeline of Periods of the Media
Presentation. PeriodsTime E 1 . . . N O Provides time information
for presenting Period. id A O. Indicates an id of Period of the
Media Presentation. This value is equal to the value of the id
attribute of Period, if the id attribute of Period is present. If
no id attributes are present, this value is equal to the appearance
order of Period in the MPD. start A O. Provides accurate start time
of Period relative to the value of the attribute availabililyStart
time of the Media Presentation. The start attribute overrides start
attribute of corresponding Period (i.e., an instance of Period
element). The start attribute may be present for the first Period
of the timeline. For other Periods, if information about
presentation duration of previous Periods is available, this value
may be deduced and the attribute may be absent. PartialPlay E 0 . .
. N O. Provides information for presenting a (temporal) part of
Period. beginning A O. Indicates a beginning point of a part of
Period. This time value is relative to the beginning of the Period.
ending A O. Indicates an ending point of a part of Period. This
time value is relative to the beginning of the Period. Period E 1 .
. . N M Provides information of Period. start A O id A O Indicates
an ID of Period. When the Period is a (partial) repeat of another
Period, the value of id attribute is equal to an ID or an
appearance order of a referred Period. duration A O. Indicates
duration of Period. If start attribute is absent, duration
attribute may be present. Also, for the last Period of a Media
Presentation, if availabilityEndTime and SegmentTimeline are not
available, the duration attribute of the Period may be present.
PartialPlay E 0 . . . N O. Provides information for presenting a
(temporal) part of Period. beginning A O. Indicates a beginning
point of a part of Period. This time value is relative to the
beginning of the Period. ending A O. Indicates an ending point of a
part of Period. This time value is relative to the beginning of the
Period. Representation E 0 . . . N Representation element contains
description of Representation.
TABLE-US-00061 TABLE 61 <?xml version=''1.0''
encoding=''UTF-8''?> <xs:schema
targetNamespace=''urn:3GPP:ns:PSS:AdaptiveHTTPStreamingMPD:2009''
attributeFormDefault=''unqualified''
elementFormDefault=''qualified''
xmlns:xs=''http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema''
xmlns=''urn:3GPP:ns:PSS:AdaptiveHTTPStreamingMPD:2009''> ...
<!-- MPD Type --> <xs:complexType name=''MPDtype''>
<xs:sequence> <xs:element minOccurs=''0'' name=
''ProgramInformation'' type=''ProgramInformationType''/>
<xs:element minOccurs=''0'' name=''PeriodTimeline''
type=''PeriodTimelineType''/> <xs:element
maxOccurs=''unbounded'' name=''Period'' type= ''PeriodType''/>
<xs:any namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax''
minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute default=''OnDemand'' name=''type'' type=
''PresentationType''/> <xs:attribute
name=''availabilityStartTime'' type=''xs:dateTime''/>
<xs:attribute name=''availabilityEndTime''
type=''xs:dateTime''/> <xs:attribute
name=''mediaPresentationDuration'' type=''xs:duration''/>
<xs:attribute name=''minimumUpdatePeriodMPD''
type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:attribute name=''minBufferTime''
type=''xs:duration'' use= ''required''/> <xs:attribute
name=''timeShiftBufferDepth'' type=''xs:duration''/>
<xs:attribute name=''baseUrl'' type=''xs:anyURI''/>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType> <!-- Type
of presentation - live or on-demand --> <xs:simpleType
name=''PresentationType''> <xs:restriction
base=''xs:string''> <xs:enumeration value=''OnDemand''/>
<xs:enumeration value=''Live''/> </xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType> <!-- Period Timeline -->
<xs:complexType name=''PeriodTimelineType''>
<xs:sequence> <xs:element maxOccurs=''unbounded''
name=''PeriodTime'' type=''PeriodTimeType''/> <xs:any
namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType>
TABLE-US-00062 TABLE 62 <xs:complexType
name=''PeriodTimeType''> <xs:sequence> <xs:element
minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded'' name= ''PartialPlay''
type=''PartialPlayType''/> <xs:any namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax'' minOccurs= ''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name=''id'' type=''xs:string'' use=''required''/>
<xs:attribute name=''start'' type=''xs:duration''/>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType>
<xs:complexType name=''PartialPlayType''> <xs:sequence>
<xs:any namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax''
minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name=''beginning'' type=''xs:duration''/>
<xs:attribute name=''ending'' type=''xs:duration''/>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType> <!-- Period
of a presentation --> <xs:complexType name=''PeriodType''>
<xs:sequence> <xs:element minOccurs=''0''
name=''SegmentInfoDefault'' type=''SegmentInfoDefaultType''/>
<xs:element minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded'' name=
''PartialPlay'' type=''PartialPlayType''/> <xs:element
minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded'' name= ''Representation''
type=''RepresentationType''/> <xs:any namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name=''start'' type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:attribute
name=''duration'' type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:attribute
name=''id'' type=''xs:string''/> <xs:attribute
default=''false'' name=''segmentAlignmentFlag'' type=
''xs:boolean''/> <xs:attribute default=''false''
name=''bitStreamSwitchingFlag'' type= ''xs:boolean''/>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType> ... ...
</xs:schema>
[0278] As no a repeated Period needs to contain representation
description again, the minimum number of Representation instances
may also be changed to 0.
[0279] Rather than using the id attribute directly, a special
attribute indicating an id value of a previous Period to be
repeated may be used.
[0280] Hereinafter, Supplementary Info will be described.
[0281] To provide a professional service, a provider may need
clients to present supplementary information (together with main
content), such as a provider's logo or advertisement banners. The
supplementary information may be independent of the timeline of the
Period.
[0282] Each supplementary item may be provided for the highest
resolution of content. For example, when content is downscaled to
several small terminals, a supplementary item and location
parameters (xOffset, and yOffset) of the supplementary item may
also be downscaled proportionally.
[0283] Semantics and syntax of SupplementaryInfo may be provided in
Tables 63 through 65.
TABLE-US-00063 TABLE 63 Type Element or (Attribute Attribute Name
or Element) Cardinality Optionality Description MPD E 1 M Describes
a root element that carries a Media Presentation Description (MPD)
for a Media Presentation. . . . SupplementaryInfo E 0 . . . 1 O
Provides supplementary information and presentation of the
supplementary information for the Media Presentation.
SupplementaryItem E 1 . . . N M Provides a supplementary item and
presentation of the supplementary item for the Media Presentation.
itemURL A O. Provides a URL of the supplementary item. mime A O.
Provides MIME type of the item. Presentation E 0 . . . N O.
Provides information for presenting the item. If both On and Off
elements are absent, the item is always presented. The On and Off
elements may appear alternatively. On E 0 . . . N O. Indicates time
duration where the supplementary item is presented. Off E 0 . . . N
O. Indicates time duration where the supplementary item is not
presented. xOffset A O Indicates a horizontal location of the item
on a screen of a client. The horizontal location is counted in
pixels, and is relative to the top left corner. yOffset A O
Indicates a vertical location of the item on a screen of a client.
The vertical location is counted in pixels, and is relative to the
top left corner. transparency A O Indicates the transparency degree
(%) of the supplementary item.
TABLE-US-00064 TABLE 64 <?xml version=''1.0''
encoding=''UTF-8''?> <xs:schema
targetNamespace=''urn:3GPP:ns:PSS:AdaptiveHTTPStreamingMPD:2009''
attributeFormDefault=''unqualified''
elementFormDefault=''qualified''
xmlns:xs=''http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema''
xmlns=''urn:3GPP:ns:PSS:AdaptiveHTTPStreamingMPD:2009''> ...
<!-- MPD Type --> <xs:complexType name=''MPDtype''>
<xs:sequence> <xs:element minOccurs=''0''
name=''ProgramInformation'' type=''ProgramInformationType''/>
<xs:element minOccurs=''0'' name=''SupplementaryInfo''
type=''SupplementaryInfoType''/> <xs:element
maxOccurs=''unbounded'' name=''Period'' type= ''PeriodType''/>
<xs:any namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax''
minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute default=''OnDemand'' name=''type'' type=
''PresentationType''/> <xs:attribute
name=''availabilityStartTime'' type=''xs:dateTime''/>
<xs:attribute name=''availabilityEndTime''
type=''xs:dateTime''/> <xs:attribute
name=''mediaPresentationDuration'' type=''xs:duration''/>
<xs:attribute name=''minimumUpdatePeriodMPD''
type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:attribute name=''minBufferTime''
type=''xs:duration'' use=''required''/> <xs:attribute
name=''timeShiftBufferDepth'' type=''xs:duration''/>
<xs:attribute name=''baseUrl'' type=''xs:anyURI''/>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType> <!-- Type
of presentation - live or on-demand --> <xs:simpleType
name=''PresentationType''> <xs:restriction
base=''xs:string''> <xs:enumeration value=''OnDemand''/>
<xs:enumeration value=''Live''/> </xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType> <!-- Supplementary Info -->
<xs:complexType name=''SupplementaryInfoType''>
<xs:sequence> <xs:element maxOccurs=''unbounded'' name=
''SupplementaryItem'' type=''SupplementaryItemType''/>
<xs:any namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax''
minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType>
TABLE-US-00065 TABLE 65 <xs:complexType
name=''SupplementaryItemType''> <xs:sequence>
<xs:element minOccurs=''0'' name=''Presentation'' type=
''PresentationType''/> <xs:any namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name=''itemURL'' type=''xs:anyURL''/> <xs:attribute
name=''mime'' type=''xs:string''/> <xs:anyAttribute
namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax''/>
</xs:complexType> <xs:complexType
name=''PresentationType''> <xs:sequence> <xs:choice
minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''> <xs:element
name=''On'' type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:element name=''Off''
type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:any namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:choice> <xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name=''xOffset'' type=''xs:unsignedInt''/>
<xs:attribute name=''yOffset'' type=''xs:unsignedInt''/>
<xs:attribute name=''transparency'' type=''xs:unsignedInt''/>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType> <!-- Period
of a presentation --> <xs:complexType name=''PeriodType''>
<xs:sequence> <xs:element minOccurs=''0''
name=''SegmentInfoDefault'' type=''SegmentInfoDefaultType''/>
<xs:element maxOccurs=''unbounded'' name=''Representation''
type=''RepresentationType''/> <xs:any namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name=''start'' type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:attribute
name=''duration'' type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:attribute
name=''id'' type=''xs:string''/> <xs:attribute
default=''false'' name=''segmentAlignmentFlag'' type=''xs:
boolean''/> <xs:attribute default=''false''
name=''bitStreamSwitchingFlag'' type=''xs: boolean''/>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType> ... ...
</xs:schema>
[0284] Hereinafter, definitions of a buffering amount will be
described.
[0285] A minimum amount of initially buffered media of a client may
be defined in time unit. In several cases, it is difficult for a
client to make sure a temporal duration of buffered media is
enough. Another option may be provided to enable the initially
buffered media to be specified in data size unit.
[0286] For example, when two options (namely, the time unit, and
the data size unit) are provided at the same time, a provider may
specify a priority for each of the two options. The client may
select an option from the two options.
[0287] The above idea may be implemented by adding another optional
attribute called minBufferSize to the MPD, as shown in Tables 66
and 67 below. At least one of the two attributes (minBufferTime,
and minBufferSize) may need to be present.
[0288] Table 66 shows semantics of minBufferSize.
TABLE-US-00066 TABLE 66 Element or Attribute Name Use Description
MPD 1 Describes a root element that carries a Media Presentation
Description (MPD) for a Media Presentation. . . . minBufferTime
Optional Provides the minimum amount of initially buffered media
that is needed to ensure smooth playout provided that each
Representation is delivered at or above a bandwidth value of the
Representation. The bandwidth value of the Representation
corresponds to this amount of buffered media. The value of this
attribute is represented in time duration. minBufferSize Optional
Provides the minimum amount of initially buffered media that is
needed to ensure smooth playout provided that each Representation
is delivered at or above a bandwidth value of the Representation.
The bandwidth value of the Representation corresponds to this
amount of buffered media. The value of this attribute is
represented in datasize (kilo byte).
TABLE-US-00067 TABLE 67 <?xml version=''1.0''
encoding=''UTF-8''?> <xs:schema
targetNamespace=''urn:3GPP:ns:PSS:AdaptiveHTTPStreamingMPD:2009''
attributeFormDefault=''unqualified''
elementFormDefault=''qualified''
xmlns:xs=''http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema''
xmlns=''urn:3GPP:ns:PSS:AdaptiveHTTPStreamingMPD:2009''> ... ...
<xs:complexType name=''MPDtype''> <xs:sequence>
<xs:element name=''ProgramInformation'' type=
''ProgramInformationType'' minOccurs=''0''/> <xs:element
name=''Period'' type=''PeriodType'' maxOccurs= ''unbounded''/>
<xs:element name=''BaseURL'' type=''BaseURLType'' minOccurs=
''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> <!-- NEW: Alternate base URL
specifications --> <xs:any namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax'' minOccurs= ''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name=''type'' type=''PresentationType'' default= ''OnDemand''/>
<xs:attribute name=''availabilityStartTime''
type=''xs:dateTime''/> <xs:attribute
name=''availabilityEndTime'' type=''xs:dateTime''/>
<xs:attribute name=''mediaPresentationDuration''
type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:attribute
name=''minimumUpdatePeriodMPD'' type=''xs: duration''/>
<xs:attribute name=''minBufferTime'' type=''xs:duration'' use=
''optional''/> <xs:attribute name=''minBufferSize''
type=''xs:unsignedInt'' use= ''optional''/> <xs:attribute
name=''timeShiftBufferDepth'' type=''xs:duration''/>
<xs:attribute name=''baseURL'' type=''xs:anyURI''/>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType> ...
</xs:schema>
[0289] Hereinafter, bandwidth information for different amounts of
initially buffered media will be described.
[0290] Bandwidth information of each representation may be provided
for a given minimum amount of initially buffered media. However,
different clients may have different pre-set amounts of initially
buffered media, and accordingly different bandwidth information may
be required for different clients.
[0291] Hereinafter, different bandwidth values corresponding to
different minimum amounts of initially buffered media will be
described for each representation.
[0292] An advantage of such a solution may be that multiple MPDs
corresponding to multiple minimum amounts of initially buffered
media are not required.
[0293] Accordingly, a schema of MPEG DASH may be changed as
follows:
[0294] 1) More values may be added to the MPD for minimum amounts
of initially buffered media. As described above, the amount of
buffering may be either in the time unit or data size unit.
[0295] 2) For each representation, bandwidth values corresponding
to the minimum amounts of initially buffered media may be
provided.
[0296] The above changes may be implemented by the MinBuffer
element in MPDtype or the BandwidthInfo@repBandwidth element in
RepresentationType.
[0297] Table 68 shows semantics of MinBuffer.
TABLE-US-00068 TABLE 68 Element or Attribute Name Use Description
MPD 1 Describes a root element that carries a Media Presentation
Description (MPD) for a Media Presentation. . . . BaseURL 0 . . . N
Describes a URL that may be used on the MPD level, instead of
baseURL attribute, or in addition to baseURL attribute. MinBuffer 0
. . . N Provides a minimum amount of initially buffered media that
is needed to ensure smooth playout. id M Provides an ID of
MinBuffer element. The value of this attribute may be greater than
0. minBufferTime Optional Provides the minimum amount of initially
buffered media that is needed to ensure smooth playout provided
that each Representation is delivered at or above a bandwidth value
of the Representation. The bandwidth value of the Representation
corresponds to this amount of buffered media. The value of this
attribute is represented in time duration. minBufferSize Optional
Provides the minimum amount of initially buffered media that is
needed to ensure smooth playout provided that each Representation
is delivered at or above a bandwidth value of the Representation.
The bandwidth value of the Representation corresponds to this
amount of buffered media. The value of this attribute is
represented in datasize (kilo byte). At least one attribute among
minBufferTime and minBufferSize may be present in MinBuffer
element.
[0298] Table 69 shows semantics of BandwidthInfo
TABLE-US-00069 TABLE 69 Element or Attribute Name Use Description
Representation M Representation element contains description of
Representation. . . . SegmentInfo 1 Provides Segment access
information. BandwidthInfo 0 . . . N Provides bandwidth information
corresponding to a specific amount of initially buffered media. id
M Indicates an ID of MinBuffer element of the MPD. If the value of
this attribute is 0, the value corresponds to the minimum amount of
initially buffered media provided by minBufferTime or minBufferSize
of the MPD. repBandwidth O Provides a bandwidth value for the
representation corresponding to the minimum amount of initially
buffered media provided in the associated MinBuffer element. The
repBandwidth attribute may be absent if the value of id attribute
is 0.
[0299] Tables 70 and 71 show XML syntax of Bandwidth Info.
TABLE-US-00070 TABLE 70 <?xml version=''1.0''
encoding=''UTF-8''?> <xs:schema
targetNamespace=''urn:3GPP:ns:PSS:AdaptiveHTTPStreamingMPD:2009''
attributeFormDefault=''unqualified''
elementFormDefault=''qualified''
xmlns:xs=''http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema''
xmlns=''urn:3GPP:ns:PSS:AdaptiveHTTPStreamingMPD:2009''> ......
<xs:complexType name=''MPDtype''> <xs:sequence>
<xs:element name=''ProgramInformation'' type=
''ProgramInformationType'' minOccurs=''0''/> <xs:element
name=''Period'' type=''PeriodType'' maxOccurs= ''unbounded''/>
<xs:element name=''BaseURL'' type=''BaseURLType''
minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> <xs:element
name=''MinBuffer'' type=''MinBufferType'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> <xs:any namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name=''type'' type=''PresentationType'' default= ''OnDemand''/>
<xs:attribute name=''availabilityStartTime''
type=''xs:dateTime''/> <xs:attribute
name=''availabilityEndTime'' type=''xs:dateTime''/>
<xs:attribute name=''mediaPresentationDuration''
type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:attribute
name=''minimumUpdatePeriodMPD'' type=''xs:duration''/>
<xs:attribute name=''minBufferTime'' type=''xs:duration'' use=
''optional''/> <xs:attribute name=''minBufferSize''
type=''xs:unsignedInt'' use= ''optional''/> <xs:attribute
name=''timeShiftBufferDepth'' type=''xs:duration''/>
<xs:attribute name=''baseUrl'' type=''xs:anyURI''/>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType>
<xs:complexType name=''MinBufferType''> <xs:sequence>
<xs:any namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax''
minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name=''id'' type=''xs:string''
use=''required''/> <xs:attribute name=''minBufferTime''
type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:attribute name=''minBufferSize''
type=''xs:unsignedInt''/> <xs:anyAttribute
namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax''/>
</xs:complexType> ...
TABLE-US-00071 TABLE 71 <xs:complexType
name=''RepresentationType''> <xs:complexContent>
<xs:extension base=''RepresentationBaseType''>
<xs:sequence> <xs:element name=''SegmentInfo''
type=''SegmentInfoType''/> <xs:element minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded'' name=''BandwidthInfo''
type=''BandwidthInfoType''/> <xs:element name=''TrickMode''
type= ''TrickModeType'' minOccurs=''0''/> </xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name=''id'' type=''xs:string''
use=''required''/> <xs:attribute name=''bandwidth''
type=''xs:unsignedInt'' use= ''required''/> <xs:attribute
name=''qualityRanking'' type=''xs:unsignedInt''/>
<xs:attribute name=''depid'' type=''StringVectorType''/>
<xs:attribute name=''default'' type=''xs:boolean''/>
</xs:extension> </xs:complexContent>
</xs:complexType> <!-- Bandwidth Info -->
<xs:complexType name=''BandwidthInfoType''>
<xs:sequence> <xs:any namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax'' minOccurs= ''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name=''id'' type=''xs:string''/> <xs:attribute
name=''repBandwidth'' type=''xs:unsignedInt''/>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>
[0300] Hereinafter, a segment bandwidth will be described.
[0301] A bandwidth attribute may be provided for each
representation over the whole duration of a period. However, for
quality consistence, the bitrate of encoded video may usually have
busty characteristics. A bitrate of one segment may be several
times higher than a bitrate of another segment. Bandwidth
information of each segment may be additionally provided, so that a
client may more efficiently adapt to network variations.
[0302] Table 72 describes semantics of SegmentBandwidth.
TABLE-US-00072 TABLE 72 Type Element or (Attribute Attribute Name
or Element) Cardinality Optionality Description MPD E 1 M Describes
a root element that carries a Media Presentation Description (MPD)
. . . for a Media Presentation. Representation SegmentInfo
SegmentBandwidth E 0 . . . 1 O. Provides bandwidth information for
segments of a representation. Range E 1 . . . N M. Provides
bandwidth information for a range of consecutive segments of a
representation. The first range may start from the first segment of
the representation. offset Indicates a difference between a
representation bandwidth and a segment bandwidth. A negative
(non-negative) value means the segment bandwidth smaller (higher)
than the representation bandwidth. A bandwidth of a segment is the
sum of an offset value and a representation bandwidth. repeat
Indicates the number of consecutive segments that have the same
bandwidth.
[0303] Tables 73 and 74 show syntax of SegmentBandwidth.
TABLE-US-00073 TABLE 73 <?xml version=''1.0''
encoding=''UTF-8''?> <xs:schema
targetNamespace=''urn:3GPP:ns:PSS:AdaptiveHTTPStreamingMPD:2009''
attributeFormDefault=''unqualified''
elementFormDefault=''qualified''
xmlns:xs=''http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema''
xmlns=''urn:3GPP:ns:PSS:AdaptiveHTTPStreamingMPD:2009''> ......
<!-- Segment access information --> <xs:complexType
name=''SegmentInfoType''> <xs:sequence> <xs:element
minOccurs=''0'' name=''InitialisationSegmentURL''
type=''UrlType''/> <xs:choice minOccurs=''0''>
<xs:element minOccurs=''0'' name=''UrlTemplate'' type=
''UrlTemplateType''/> <xs:sequence> <xs:element
maxOccurs=''unbounded'' name=''Url'' type= ''UrlType''/>
<xs:any namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax''
minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence>
<xs:any namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax'' minOccurs=
''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:choice>
<xs:element minOccurs=''0'' name=''SegmentBandwidths''
type=''SegmentBandwidthsType''/> </xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name=''baseURL'' type=''xs:anyURI''/>
<xs:attribute name=''duration'' type=''xs:duration''/>
<xs:attribute default=''1'' name=''startIndex''
type=''xs:unsignedInt''/> <xs:anyAttribute
namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax''/>
</xs:complexType>
TABLE-US-00074 TABLE 74 <!-- Segment Bandwidths -->
<xs:complexType name=''SegmentBandwidthsType''>
<xs:sequence> <xs:element maxOccurs=''unbounded''
name=''Range'' type= ''RangeType''/> <xs:any
namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType>
<xs:complexType name=''RangeType''> <xs:sequence>
<xs:any namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax''
minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name=''offset'' type=''xs:integer''/>
<xs:attribute name=''repeat'' type=''xs:unsignedInt''/>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType> ...
</xs:schema>
[0304] When a long segment causes large fluctuations of a bandwidth
within a duration of the segment, it is necessary to describe
sub-segment bandwidths. The above description may be implemented by
changing the repeat attribute to the duration attribute
(type="xs:duration"), to indicate an interval of sub-segments
instead of segments.
[0305] The above idea may be represented in a more general way
using the IntervalBandwidth element, as described below. An
advantage of the way may be that an interval is unnecessarily
aligned with segment boundaries. In the following syntax, multiple
values of minimum initial buffering may be taken into account.
[0306] Table 75 shows syntax of IntervalBandwidth.
TABLE-US-00075 TABLE 75 Element or Attribute Name Use Description
Representation M Representation element contains description of
Representation. . . . SegmentInfo 1 Provides Segment access
information. BandwidthInfo 0 . . . N Provides bandwidth information
corresponding to a specific amount of initially buffered media. id
M Indicates an ID of MinBuffer element of the MPD. If the value of
this attribute is 0, the value corresponds to the minimum amount of
initially buffered media provided by minBufferTime or minBufferSize
attributes of the MPD. repBandwidth O Provides a bandwidth value
for the representation corresponding to the minimum amount of
initially buffered media provided in MinBuffer element. The
repBandwidth attribute may be absent if the value of id attribute
is 0. IntervalBandwidth 0 . . . N Provides bandwidth information
for an interval of the representation. The bandwidth information
corresponds to the minimum amount of initially buffered media
identified by the id attribute. The first interval may start from
the beginning of the representation. offset M Indicates a
difference between a representation bandwidth and a segment
bandwidth. A negative (non-negative) value means the segment
bandwidth smaller (higher) than the representation bandwidth. A
bandwidth of a segment is the sum of an offset value and a
representation bandwidth. duration M Indicates duration of the
interval.
[0307] Table 76 shows syntax of IntervalBandwidth.
TABLE-US-00076 TABLE 76 <?xml version=''1.0''
encoding=''UTF-8''?> <xs:schema
targetNamespace=''urn:MPEG:ns:DASH''
attributeFormDefault=''unqualified''
elementFormDefault=''qualified''
xmlns:xs=''http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema''
xmlns:xlink=''http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink''
xmlns=''urn:MPEG:ns:DASH''> ...... <xs:complexType
name=''RepresentationType''> <xs:complexContent>
<xs:extension base=''RepresentationBaseType''>
<xs:sequence> <xs:element name=''SegmentInfo'' type=
''SegmentInfoType''/> <xs:element minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=
''unbounded'' name=''BandwidthInfo''
type=''BandwidthInfoType''/> <xs:element name=''TrickMode''
type= ''TrickModeType'' minOccurs=''0''/> </xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name=''id'' type=''xs:string''
use=''required''/> <xs:attribute name=''bandwidth''
type=''xs:unsignedInt'' use= ''required''/> <xs:attribute
name=''qualityRanking'' type=''xs:unsignedInt''/>
<xs:attribute name=''depid'' type=''StringVectorType''/>
<xs:attribute name=''default'' type=''xs:boolean''/>
</xs:extension> </xs:complexContent>
</xs:complexType> <!-- Bandwidth Info, taken from the
above Section --> <xs:complexType
name=''BandwidthInfoType''> <xs:sequence> <xs:element
minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded'' name=''IntervalBandwidth''
type=''IntervalBandwidthType''/> <xs:any
namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name=''id'' type=''xs:string''/> <xs:attribute
name=''repBandwidth'' type=''xs:unsignedInt''/>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType>
<xs:complexType name=''IntervalBandwidthType''>
<xs:sequence> <xs:any namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name=''offset'' type=''xs:integer''/> <xs:attribute
name=''duration'' type=''xs:unsignedInt''/> <xs:anyAttribute
namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax''/>
</xs:complexType> ... </xs:schema>
[0308] Hereinafter, extension to support virtual segments will be
described.
[0309] Media may be prepared before delivery. In particular, an
original media file may be segmented, and several in-band metadata
may be inserted into media data.
[0310] Description may be given of "virtual segments" that describe
different representations, so that a demand for media manipulation
may be minimized A virtual segment may be defined as a set of data
part(s) inside a stream (or a segment).
[0311] Goals of virtual segments may include the following goals 1)
and 2):
[0312] 1) Ease in creation and management of media files: obviously
using virtual segments, the number of physical files may be
reduced. Additionally, original media files may remain unchanged,
and may be augmented by out-of-band signaling metadata.
[0313] 2) Flexibility in segment provisioning: different types of
segments may be obtained from a stream.
[0314] In the MPEG DASH, a media segment to be requested by a
client may be addressed by a URL and a byte range. The addressing
may be rather limited, since a media segment may be formed of
different parts of a media stream, in particular when a media
stream includes different representations inside. The URL with
multiple byte ranges may be used to identify virtual segments.
Additionally, different techniques may be used to reduce an
increased metadata size caused by using multiple byte ranges.
[0315] Semantics of UrlType of the MPD may be changed as
follows.
[0316] range attribute: [ . . . ]. A format of this string may
support multiple byte ranges. (for example, "0-500, 1000-1500")
[0317] When decoding a representation obtained by byte ranges,
several parts of media header boxes (for example, moov or moof
boxes) may include information that is different from
representation description. Here, the information may be
ignored.
[0318] To represent the byte ranges in a compact way, a new element
called MoreAddressingInfo may be added. Metadata fragmentation may
be applied to the MoreAddressingInfo element, to reduce a size of
an initial MPD.
[0319] To support the feature that there is no need to modify
original media file(s), the segment index boxes (and other related
boxes, for example, a box corresponding to a Ranges element) may be
conveyed out-of-band. Accordingly, the MoreAddressingInfo element
may also include information that includes a URL and byte ranges,
for addressing segment index boxes of each media segment.
[0320] The SegmentInfo element improved by the MoreAddressingInfo
element is described as shown in Table 77.
TABLE-US-00077 TABLE 77 Element or Attribute Name Use Description
SegmentInfo M Provide Segment access information. . . . UrlList 0 .
. . N Provides a list of explicit URL(s) for Segments.
MoreAddressingInfo 0 . . . 1 Provides more addressing information
for different representations that may be extracted from the
segments identified by the above UrlTemplate, Urls, or UrlList.
baseURL O Provides the base URL for more addressing information.
xlink: href O Provides reference to external MoreAddressingInfo
element. ByteRanges 0 . . . 1 Provides byte ranges of different
representations. xlink: href Provides reference to external
ByteRanges element. sameRep O If sameRep is true, indicates that
each Ranges element contains byte ranges of different segments of a
representation. If sameRep is false, indicates that each Ranges
element contains byte ranges of segments having the same segment
order of different representations. The ordering of
segments/representations is the same as that in corresponding
representation description. If sameRep attribute is absent, which
indicates that each Ranges element contains byte ranges for a
segment of a representation. The ordering of
segments/representations is the same as that in corresponding
representation description. When the first representation needs no
byte ranges, corresponding Ranges elements for the representation
may be absent. Ranges 0 . . . N Provides byte ranges of
representations (possibly consisting of multiple segments). Ranges
element is based on string type representing a sequence of byte
ranges. A byte range is denoted by ''x-y'' where x and y are a
start value and an end value. Byte ranges of different segments (if
any) are separated by semicolon character (''; ''), while different
byte ranges within a segment are separated by comma character ('',
''). When two or more byte ranges corresponding to the same segment
order have the same x/y values, one or more x/y values may be
absent and then referred from a corresponding value that is
present. xlink: href Provides reference to external ByteRanges
element. IdxBoxes 0 . . . 1 Provide address of segment index boxes
of segments. IdxBoxes element is based on string type representing
a sequence of byte ranges. A byte range is denoted by ''x-y'' where
x and y are a start value and an end value. Byte ranges for
different segments (if any) are separated by semicolon character
(''; ''), while different byte ranges for a segment are separated
by comma character ('', ''). When a segment index box is used out-
of-band (i.e., not in a media segment), the reference_offset value
of the index box may be referenced from the first byte of the
segment. idxFileUrl O Provides URL of a file containing the index
boxes of the segments.
[0321] Here, conditions may be hold only when xlink:href is not
used. When linking is used, all elements may be "optional," and
<minOccurs=0>.
[0322] Elements are bold, and attributes are non-bold.
[0323] Tables 78 and 79 show XML syntax of MoreAddressingInfo.
TABLE-US-00078 TABLE 78 <!-- Segment access information -->
<xs:complexType name=''SegmentInfoType''> <xs:sequence>
<xs:element name=''InitialisationSegmentURL'' type= ''UrlType''
minOccurs=''0''/> <xs:element name=''BaseURL''
type=''BaseURLType'' minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''/>
<xs:element name=''SegmentTimeline'' type=
''SegmentTimelineType'' minOccurs=''0''/> <xs:choice
minOccurs=''0''> <xs:element name=''UrlTemplate''
type=''UrlTemplateType'' minOccurs= ''0''/> <xs:sequence>
<xs:element name=''Url'' type=''UrlType'' maxOccurs=
''unbounded''/> <xs:any namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:element
name=''UrlList'' type=''UrlListType'' minOccurs= ''0''/>
<xs:any namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax''
minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:choice>
<xs:element name=''MoreAddressingInfo'' type=
''MoreAddressingInfoType'' minOccurs=''0''/>
</xs:sequence> <xs:attributeGroup
ref=''SegmentInfoAttrGroup''/> <xs:anyAttribute
namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax''/>
</xs:complexType> <xs:complexType
name=''MoreAddressingInfoType''> <xs:sequence>
<xs:element name=''ByteRanges'' type=''ByteRangesType''
minOccurs=''0''/> <xs:element name=''IdxBoxes''
type=''IdxBoxesType'' minOccurs=''0''/> </xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute ref=''xlink:href''/> <xs:attribute
ref=''xlink:actuate'' default=''onRequest''/> <xs:attribute
name=''baseURL'' type=''xs:anyURI''/> <xs:anyAttribute
namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax''/>
</xs:complexType> <xs:complexType
name=''ByteRangesType''> <xs:sequence> <xs:element
name=''Ranges'' type=''RangesType'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
ref=''xlink:href''/> <xs:attribute ref=''xlink:actuate''
default=''onRequest''/> <xs:attribute name=''sameRep''
type=''xs:boolean''/> <xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType>
TABLE-US-00079 TABLE 79 <xs:complexType name=''RangesType''>
<xs:simpleContent> <xs:extension base=''xs:string''>
<xs:attribute ref=''xlink:href''/> <xs:attribute
ref=''xlink:actuate''default=''onRequest''/> <xs:anyAttribute
namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax''/>
</xs:extension> </xs:simpleContent>
</xs:complexType> <xs:complexType
name=''IdxBoxesType''> <xs:simpleContent> <xs:extension
base=''xs:string''> <xs:attribute name=''idxFileUrl''
type=''xs:anyURI''/> <xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:extension>
</xs:simpleContent> </xs:complexType>
[0324] To further reduce the size of the MoreAddressingInfo
element, the MoreAddressingInfo element may be represented by the
pseudo-code format.
[0325] An example of representing the ByteRanges element in the
pseudo-code format is shown in the following Table 80.
TABLE-US-00080 TABLE 80 aligned(8) class ByteRangesBox extends
FullBox('brgb', 0, 0) { bit(1) same_rep; unsigned int(31)
segment_count; unsigned int(8) rep_count; if (same_rep){ for( i=0;
i < rep_count; i++) for ( j=0; j < segment_count; j++){
unsigned int(8) range_count; for ( k=0; k < range_count; k++){
unsigned int(32) start; unsigned int(32) end; } } } } if
(!same_rep){ for( i=0; i < segment_count; i++) unsigned int(32)
segment_offset; for ( j=0; j < rep_count; j++){ unsigned int(7)
range_count; bit(1) same_start; if (!same_start){ for ( k=0; k <
range_count; k++){ unsigned int(32) start; unsigned int(32) end; }
} if (same_start){ for ( k=0; k < range_count; k++) unsigned
int(32) end; } } } } }
[0326] Here, same_rep indicates whether each sequence of byte
ranges below is for segments of the same representation or segments
having the same order in different representations.
[0327] segment_count indicates the number of segments in each
representation.
[0328] rep_count indicates the number of representations.
[0329] range_count indicates the number of byte ranges.
[0330] start and end indicate a start value and an end value of
each of byte ranges.
[0331] same_start indicates whether the following set of byte
ranges has the same start values as a previous set of byte
ranges.
[0332] To describe characteristics of representations provided by
the MoreAddressingInfo element, different ways may be used.
Hereinafter, two typical ways will be described: 1) using
representations of a representation group and 2) using
sub-representations of a representation.
[0333] Using Representations of Representation Group
[0334] SegmentInfoDefaultType of a RepresentationGroup element may
be directly extended from the SegmentInfoType, as shown in the
following Table 81. When a SegmentInfoDefault element of the
RepresentationGroup element is used to convey addressing
information of segments, the SegmentInfo element in the
Representation element may be absent. Each representation of the
representation group may have the same identifier value as an
(corresponding) identifier value indicated by the Ranges element of
MoreAddressingInfo.
TABLE-US-00081 TABLE 81 <xs:complexType
name=''SegmentInfoDefaultType''> <xs:complexContent>
<xs:extension base=''SegmentInfoType''> <xs:attribute
name=''sourceURLTemplatePeriod'' type=''xs:string''/>
</xs:extension> </xs:complexContent>
</xs:complexType>
[0335] Using Sub-Representations in Representation
[0336] A new element called SubReps may be used to describe
different (sub-) representations of a (parent) representation. The
SegmentInfo element of a parent representation (as described above)
may be used to convey the addressing information.
[0337] Table 82 describes semantics of SubReps.
TABLE-US-00082 TABLE 82 Element or Attribute Name Use Description
Representation 1 Provides Segment access information. . . .
SegmentInfo 1 Provides Segment access information, (revised as
above) SubReps 0 . . . 1 Provides information about sub-
representations of a representation. SubRep 0 . . . N Provides
information about a sub- representation of a representation. SubRep
element is of RepresentationType. An identifier of the
sub-representation may be equal to an identifier of corresponding
RepRanges in SegmentInfo element. Attributes of a
sub-representation (if present) may override attributes of the
parent representation.
[0338] Table 83 shows XML syntax of the SubReps element.
TABLE-US-00083 TABLE 83 <xs:complexType
name=''RepresentationType''> <xs:complexContent>
<xs:extension base=''RepresentationBaseType''>
<xs:sequence> <xs:element name=''SegmentInfo''
type=''SegmentInfoType''/> <xs:element name=''TrickMode''
type= ''TrickModeType'' minOccurs=''0''/> <xs:element
name=''SubReps'' type=''SubRepsType'' minOccurs=''0''/>
</xs:sequence> <xs:attribute name=''id''
type=''xs:string'' use=''required''/> <xs:attribute
name=''bandwidth'' type=''xs:unsignedInt'' use= ''required''/>
<xs:attribute name=''qualityRanking''
type=''xs:unsignedInt''/> <xs:attribute name=''depid''
type=''StringVectorType''/> <xs:attribute name=''default''
type=''xs:boolean''/> </xs:extension>
</xs:complexContent> </xs:complexType>
<xs:complexType name=''SubRepsType''> <xs:sequence>
<xs:element name=''SubRep'' type=''RepresentationType''
minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType>
[0339] Hereinafter, an adaptation hint will be described.
[0340] In several cases, measuring quality values may be expensive.
Accordingly, instead of explicitly providing quality information, a
provider may provide a few hints in selecting different
representations.
[0341] Hereinafter, an adaptation hint that suggests selected
representations in a given context (for example, at a bandwidth
constraint of 1 Mbps) is described. Elements and semantics of the
adaptation hint are shown below. AdaptationHint may be a child
element of Period or Subset. When AdaptationHint is used in SubSet,
AdaptationHint may only consider representations that belong to the
SubSet.
[0342] In practice, a client may use AdaptationHint not only to
select representations in described context, but also to infer (for
example, interpolate) representations in other possible
contexts.
[0343] Table 84 shows semantics of AdaptationHint.
TABLE-US-00084 TABLE 84 Element or Attribute Name Use Description
Period M Provides information of Period. . . . AdaptationHint 0 . .
. 1 Provides hint to select representations for supporting
adaptivity. The hint includes a list of nodes, each describing a
given set of constraints (e.g., bandwidth and display size) and the
corresponding selected representations. xlink: href Provides
reference to external AdaptationHint element Node 1 . . . N
Describes a given context (e.g., bandwidth and display size) and
the corresponding selected representations. bandwidth O Describes
the bandwidth constraint width O Describes the width constraint
height O Describes the height constraint frameRate O Describes the
frame rate constraint Selected Rep 1 . . . N Describes a selected
representation. id M Describes an identifier of a selected
representation. Subset 0 . . . N Subset element contains a
description of Subset. AdaptationHint O Provides hint to select
representations for adaptivity. The hint includes a list of nodes,
each describing 1) a given set of constraints (e.g., bandwidth and
display size) and 2) the corresponding selected representations
within SubSet.
[0344] Tables 85 and 86 show syntax of AdaptationHint.
TABLE-US-00085 TABLE 85 <?xml version=''1.0''
encoding=''UTF-8''?> <xs:schema
targetNamespace=''urn:3GPP:ns:PSS:AdaptiveHTTPStreamingMPD:2009''
attributeFormDefault=''unqualified''
elementFormDefault=''qualified''
xmlns:xs=''http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema''
xmlns=''urn:3GPP:ns:PSS:AdaptiveHTTPStreamingMPD:2009''> ......
<!-- Period of a presentation --> <xs:complexType
name=''PeriodType''> <xs:sequence> <xs:element
name=''SegmentInfoDefault'' type= ''SegmentInfoDefaultType''
minOccurs=''0''/> <xs:element name=''Representation''
type=''RepresentationType'' minOccurs=''1''
maxOc-curs=''unbounded''/> <xs:element
name=''RepresentationGroup'' type= ''RepresentationGroupType''
minOccurs=''0'' maxOc-curs=''unbounded''/> <xs:element
name=''Subset'' type=''SubsetType'' minOccurs= ''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> <xs:element name=''AdaptationHint''
type= ''AdaptationHintType'' minOccurs=''0''/> <xs:any
namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax'' minOccurs= ''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
ref=''xlink:href''/> <xs:attribute ref=''xlink:actuate''
default=''onRequest''/> <xs:attribute name=''start''
type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:attribute name=''id''
type=''xs:string'' /> <xs:attribute name=''duration''
type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:attribute
name=''segmentAlignmentFlag'' type=''xs: boolean''
default=''false''/> <xs:attribute
name=''bitStreamSwitchingFlag'' type=''xs: boolean''
default=''false''/> <xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType>
<xs:complexType name=''SubsetType''> <xs:sequence>
<xs:element name=''Contains'' type=''ContainsType''
minOccurs=''1'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> <xs:element
name=''AdaptationHint'' type= ''AdaptationHintType''
minOccurs=''0''/> <xs:any namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax'' minOccurs= ''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType> <!--
Adaptation Hint --> <xs:complexType
name=''AdaptationHintType''> <xs:sequence> <xs:element
name=''Node'' type=''NodeType'' maxOccurs= ''unbounded''/>
<xs:any namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax''
minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType>
TABLE-US-00086 TABLE 86 <!-- Node --> <xs:complexType
name=''NodeType''> <xs:sequence> <xs:element
name=''SelectedRep'' type=''SelectedRepType''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> <xs:any namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name=''bandwidth'' type=''xs:unsignedInt''/> <xs:attribute
name=''width'' type=''xs:unsignedInt''/> <xs:attribute
name=''height'' type=''xs:unsignedInt''/> <xs:attribute
name=''frameRate'' type=''xs:double''/> <xs:anyAttribute
namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax''/>
</xs:complexType> <!-- Selected Rep -->
<xs:complexType name=''SelectedRepType''> <xs:sequence>
<xs:any namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax''
minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name=''id'' type=''xs:string''
use=''required''/> <xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>
[0345] Hereinafter, a bandwidth range for a group of
sub-representations will be described.
[0346] Scalable content may be more and more popular due to
flexibility in extracting sub-streams to meet various constraints
of user devices. A file format may also provide a wide variety of
tools to extract sub-streams from a full (scalable) stream. To
support scalable content in DASH, a new attribute called
bandwidthRange for a Representation may be proposed. The
bandwidthRange attribute may provide bandwidth values of
sub-streams (or sub-representations) that are extractable from the
full stream/representation.
[0347] To download the segments of the full representation, a
client may use only URLs provided together with representation
description. However, to download segments of a sub-representation,
the client may include a query parameter called "bandwidth" to each
URL (For example, "?bandwidth=1000").
[0348] Table 87 describes semantics of bandwidthRange.
TABLE-US-00087 TABLE 87 Element or Attribute Name Use Description
Representation M Representation element contains description of
Representation. id M Describes a unique identifier for
Representation within Period. The string may only contain
characters permitted to form a valid http-URL according to RFC1738.
For scalable content, the string may contain a list of ids
(separated by semicolon character ''; '') corresponding to the
sub-representations whose bandwidth values are provided in
bandwidthRange attribute. The first id of the list may be an id of
the (full) representation. bandwidth O Describes a minimum
bandwidth of a hypothetical constant bitrate channel in bits per
second (bps) over which the Representation (i.e., the collection of
all Segments of a Representation) may be delivered such that a
client, after buffering for exactly minBufferTime may be assured of
having enough data for continuous playout. bandwidthRange O
Describes a string containing a list of bandwidth values (separated
by semicolon character ''; '') of sub-representations extractable
from the representation. To request a sub-representation, a client
may include in the request a query parameter called ''bandwidth.''
A value of ''bandwidth'' is a bandwidth value of the required
sub-representation.
[0349] bandwidthRange may be used for RepresentationGroup as well.
Here, the sub-representations may become representations of
RepresentationGroup.
[0350] Similarly to the bandwidth, other attributes, such as
resolution, or frame rate, may be augmented by corresponding
resolutionRange and framerateRange.
[0351] Hereinafter, bandwidth information will be additionally
described.
[0352] Description related to a bandwidth and initial buffering
delay may be improved to enable flexibility and accuracy in
supporting adaptivity.
[0353] minBufferTime at MPD Level
[0354] A bandwidth value of each representation may be defined with
respect to a certain minimum initial buffering time value
(minBufferTime). The initial buffering time may be provided at the
MPD level. However, it may be unclear whether minBufferTime is
applied only to the beginning of the media presentation, or to any
RAPs.
[0355] Semantics of minBufferTime at the MPD level may be revised
to one of the following options:
[0356] 1) to provide the minimum amount of initially buffered media
(at the beginning of the media presentation) that is needed to
ensure smooth playout provided that each Representation is
delivered at or above the value of the bandwidth attribute of the
Representation.
[0357] 2) to provide the minimum amount of initially buffered media
(at the beginning of any Period of the media presentation) that is
needed to ensure smooth playout provided that each Representation
is delivered at or above the value of the bandwidth attribute of
the Representation.
[0358] 3) to provide the minimum amount of initially buffered media
(at any RAPs of the media presentation) that is needed to ensure
smooth playout provided that each Representation is delivered at or
above the value of the bandwidth attribute of the
Representation.
[0359] minBufferTime at Period Level
[0360] For example, when the minBufferTime attribute at the MPD
level is specific to the starting point of the presentation,
minBufferTime may be added to each Period. The adding minBufferTime
to each Period may override a value of minBufferTime at the MPD
level. The overriding may enable appropriate initial buffering
before starting a Period.
[0361] First, minBufferTime at the MPD level may be changed to an
"optional attribute" as shown in Table 88.
[0362] Table 88 describes minBufferTime.
TABLE-US-00088 TABLE 88 Element or Attribute Name Use Description
MPD 1 Describes a root element that carries a Media Presentation
Description (MPD) for a Media Presentation. . . . minBufferTime O
Provides the minimum amount of initially buffered media that is
needed to ensure smooth playout provided that each Representation
is delivered at or above the value of bandwidth attribute of the
Representation.
[0363] Semantics and syntax of the minBufferTime attribute at the
Period level are shown in Tables 89 and 90.
TABLE-US-00089 TABLE 89 Element or Attribute Name Use Description
Period 1 Provides information of Period. . . . minBufferTime O
Options of semantics: 1) Provides the minimum amount of initially
buffered media (at the beginning of the current Period) that is
needed to ensure smooth playout provided that each Representation
of the current Period is delivered at or above the value of the
bandwidth attribute of the Representation. If present,
minBufferTime attribute overrides the minBufferTime attribute at
MPD level. 1) Provides the minimum amount of initially buffered
media (at any RAPs within the current Period) that is needed to
ensure smooth playout provided that each Representation of the
current Period is delivered at or above the value of the bandwidth
attribute of the Representation. If present, minBufferTime
attribute overrides the minBufferTime attribute at MPD level.
TABLE-US-00090 TABLE 90 <!-- Period of a presentation -->
<xs:complexType name=''PeriodType''> <xs:sequence>
<xs:element name=''SegmentInfoDefault'' type=
''SegmentInfoDefaultType'' minOccurs=''0''/> <xs:element
name=''Representation'' type= ''RepresentationType''
minOccurs=''1'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> <xs:element
name=''RepresentationGroup'' type= ''RepresentationGroupType''
minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> <xs:element
name=''Subset'' type=''SubsetType'' minOccurs= ''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> <xs:any namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
ref=''xlink:href''/> <xs:attribute ref=''xlink:actuate''
default=''onRequest''/> <xs:attribute name=''start''
type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:attribute name=''id''
type=''xs:string'' /> <xs:attribute name=''duration''
type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:attribute name=''minBufferTime''
type=''xs:duration'' use= ''optional''/> <xs:attribute
name=''segmentAlignmentFlag'' type=''xs: boolean''
default=''false''/> <xs:attribute
name=''bitStreamSwitchingFlag'' type=''xs: boolean''
default=''false''/> <xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType>
[0364] Hereinafter, revised definition of the bandwidth will be
described.
[0365] The definition of the bandwidth may guarantee continuous
playout of a representation in a Period. However, there is no
guarantee that representation(s) in the next Period (if any) will
be sufficiently buffered before representations start. To support
continuous playout across Periods, semantics of the bandwidth
attribute may be changed as shown in Table 91.
TABLE-US-00091 TABLE 91 Element or Attribute Name Use Description
Representation M Representation element contains description of
Representation. id M Describes a unique identifier for
Representation within Period. The string may only contain
characters permitted to form a valid http-URL according to RFC1738.
bandwidth M Describes a minimum bandwidth of a hypothetical
constant bitrate channel in bits per second (bps) over which the
Representation (i.e., the collection of all Segments of a
Representation) may be delivered such that a client, after
buffering for exactly minBufferTime may be assured of having enough
data for continuous playout. Also, the value of bandwidth may
enable 1) transparent splicing between the current Period and the
next Period and 2) continuous playout in the next Period.
[0366] All media data of the current Period may be received well
before the start of the next Period. Accordingly, all media data of
the next Period may be sufficiently buffered (for continuous
playout) before the start of the next Period.
[0367] Hereinafter, multiple pairs of bandwidth-minBufferTime will
be described.
[0368] Different devices, receiving the same MPD, may respect
minBufferTime in the MPD. However, different devices may require
different amounts of initially buffered media (or different minimum
initial buffering delays).
[0369] For example, one device may prefer low delay (at the cost of
high bandwidth), while another device with low-bandwidth connection
may accept a large delay.
[0370] Having multiple pairs of bandwidth-minBufferTime may provide
a great flexibility in selecting QoS levels.
[0371] Hereinafter, 1) different values/instances of minBufferTime
and 2) different bandwidth values (for each representation) that
correspond to different values of minBufferTime will be described.
An advantage of such a solution may be that multiple MPDs
corresponding to multiple values of minBufferTime are not
required.
[0372] Accordingly, the schema of MPEG DASH may be changed as
follows:
[0373] 1) More values for minimum initial buffering delay may be
added to the MPD.
[0374] 2) For each representation, bandwidth values corresponding
to values of the minimum initial buffering delays may be
provided.
[0375] The above changes may be implemented by 1) MinBufferTime
elements at the MPD level and Period level, and by 2) the
BandwidthInfo element in a Representation.
[0376] Other pairs of bandwidth-minBufferTime may be interpolated
from the provided pairs of bandwidth-minBufferTime.
[0377] Table 92 shows semantics of MinBufferTime at the MPD
level.
TABLE-US-00092 TABLE 92 Element or Attribute Name Use Description
MPD 1 Describes a root element that carries a Media Presentation
Description (MPD) for a Media Presentation. . . . BaseURL 0 . . . N
Describes a URL that may be used on the MPD level, instead of or in
addition to baseURL attribute. minBufferTime 0 . . . N Provides a
minimum amount of initially buffered media that is needed to ensure
smooth playout. id M Provides an ID of MinBuffer element. The value
of id attribute may be greater than 0. vaule O 1) Provides the
minimum amount of initially buffered media (at the beginning of the
media presentation) that is needed to ensure smooth playout
provided that each Representation is delivered at or above the
value of the bandwidth attribute of the Representation. 2) Provides
the minimum amount of initially buffered media (at the beginning of
any Period of the media presentation) that is needed to ensure
smooth playout provided that each Representation is delivered at or
above the value of the bandwidth attribute of the Representation.
3) Provides the minimum amount of initially buffered media (at any
RAPs of the media presentation) that is needed to ensure smooth
playout provided that each Representation is delivered at or above
the value of the bandwidth attribute of the Representation.
[0378] Table 93 shows semantics of MinBufferTime at the Period
level.
TABLE-US-00093 TABLE 93 Element or Attribute Name Use Description
Period 1 Provides information of Period. . . . minBufferTime 0 . .
. N Provides the minimum amount of initially buffered media that is
needed to ensure smooth playout. When MinBufferTime is present,
MinBufferTime elements at MPD level are ignored. id M Provides an
ID of MinBufferTime element. The value of id attribute may be
greater than 0. vaule O Provides the minimum amount of initially
buffered media that is needed to ensure smooth playout provided
that each Representation is delivered at or above the value of the
bandwidth attribute of the Representation.
[0379] Table 94 shows semantics of BandwidthInfo
TABLE-US-00094 TABLE 94 Element or Attribute Name Use Description
Representation M Representation element contains description of
Representation. . . . SegmentInfo 01 Provides Segment access
information. BandwidthInfo 0 . . . N Provides bandwidth information
corresponding to a specific amount of initially buffered media
(provided by minBufferTime attribute or MinBufferTime element). id
01 Indicates an ID of MinBufferTime element of the MPD. If the
value of id attribute is 0, id attribute corresponds to the minimum
amount of initially buffered media provided by minBufferTime
attribute. repBandwidth 0 . . . N Provides a bandwidth value for
the representation corresponding to the minimum amount of initially
buffered media provided in associated MinBufferTime element. If the
value of the id attribute is 0, the bandwidth attribute of the
Representation may be used instead of repBandwidth attribute.
[0380] Tables 95 through 97 show syntax of MinBufferTime and
BandwidthInfo
TABLE-US-00095 TABLE 95 <?xml version=''1.0''
encoding=''UTF-8''?> <xs:schema
targetNamespace=''urn:3GPP:ns:PSS:AdaptiveHTTPStreamingMPD:2009''
attributeFormDefault=''unqualified''
elementFormDefault=''qualified''
xmlns:xs=''http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema''
xmlns=''urn:3GPP:ns:PSS:AdaptiveHTTPStreamingMPD:2009''> ......
<xs:complexType name=''MPDtype''> <xs:sequence>
<xs:element name=''ProgramInformation'' type=
''ProgramInformationType'' minOccurs=''0''/> <xs:element
name=''Period'' type=''PeriodType'' maxOccurs= ''unbounded''/>
<xs:element name=''BaseURL'' type=''BaseURLType''
minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> <xs:element
name=''MinBufferTime'' type= ''MinBufferTimeType'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> <xs:any namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name=''type'' type=''PresentationType'' default= ''OnDemand''/>
<xs:attribute name=''availabilityStartTime''
type=''xs:dateTime''/> <xs:attribute
name=''availabilityEndTime'' type=''xs:dateTime''/>
<xs:attribute name=''mediaPresentationDuration''
type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:attribute
name=''minimumUpdatePeriodMPD'' type=''xs: duration''/>
<xs:attribute name=''minBufferTime'' type=''xs:duration'' use=
''optional''/> <xs:attribute name=''timeShiftBufferDepth''
type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:attribute name=''baseUrl''
type=''xs:anyURI''/> <xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType>
<xs:complexType name=''MinBufferTimeType''>
<xs:sequence> <xs:any namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name=''id'' type=''xs:string'' use=''required''/>
<xs:attribute name=''value'' type=''xs:duration''/>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType>
TABLE-US-00096 TABLE 96 <!-- Period of a presentation -->
<xs:complexType name=''PeriodType''> <xs:sequence>
<xs:element name=''SegmentInfoDefault'' type=
''SegmentInfoDefaultType'' minOccurs=''0''/> <xs:element
name=''MinBufferTime'' type= ''MinBufferTimeType'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> <xs:element name=''Representation''
type= ''RepresentationType'' minOccurs=''1''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> <xs:element
name=''RepresentationGroup'' type= ''RepresentationGroupType''
minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> <xs:element
name=''Subset'' type=''SubsetType'' minOccurs= ''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> <xs:any namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
ref=''xlink:href''/> <xs:attribute ref=''xlink:actuate''
default=''onRequest''/> <xs:attribute name=''start''
type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:attribute name=''id''
type=''xs:string'' /> <xs:attribute name=''duration''
type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:attribute name=''minBufferTime''
type=''xs:duration'' use= ''optional''/> <xs:attribute
name=''segmentAlignmentFlag'' type= ''xs:boolean''
default=''false''/> <xs:attribute
name=''bitStreamSwitchingFlag'' type= ''xs:boolean''
default=''false''/> <xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType> ...
<xs:complexType name=''RepresentationType''>
<xs:complexContent> <xs:extension
base=''RepresentationBaseType''> <xs:sequence>
<xs:element name=''SegmentInfo'' type=''SegmentInfoType''/>
<xs:element minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs= ''unbounded''
name=''BandwidthInfo'' type=''BandwidthInfoType''/>
<xs:element name=''TrickMode'' type= ''TrickModeType''
minOccurs=''0''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name=''id'' type=''xs:string'' use=''required''/>
<xs:attribute name=''bandwidth'' type=''xs:unsignedInt''use=
''required''/> <xs:attribute name=''qualityRanking''
type=''xs:unsignedInt''/> <xs:attribute name=''depid''
type=''StringVectorType''/> <xs:attribute name=''default''
type=''xs:boolean''/> </xs:extension>
</xs:complexContent> </xs:complexType>
TABLE-US-00097 TABLE 97 <!-- Bandwidth Info -->
<xs:complexType name=''BandwidthInfoType''>
<xs:sequence> <xs:any namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name=''id'' type=''xs:string''/> <xs:attribute
name=''repBandwidth'' type=''xs:unsignedInt''/>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>
[0381] Hereinafter, multiple pairs of bandwidth-minBufferTime for
each RAP will be described.
[0382] In general, each RAP of a representation may be provided
with multiple pairs of bandwidth-minBufferTime. Such information
may enable a client to buffer enough initial data before playing
the initial data from a RAP (for example, in the case of random
accessing).
[0383] Table 98 describes semantics of RAPInfo.
TABLE-US-00098 TABLE 98 Element or Attribute Name Use Description
Representation M Representation element contains description of
Representation. . . . SegmentInfo 1 Provides Segment access
information. RAPInfo 0 . . . 1 Provides information about bandwidth
and initial delay at RAPs of the representation. xlink: href O
Provides reference to external RAPInfo element. RAPPoint 1 . . . N
Provides pairs of bandwidth and initial delay at a RAP timePoint M
Provides the time point of the RAP. The time point is relative to
the beginning of the representation. Bandwidth- 1 . . . N Provides
a pair of bandwidth and initial delay DelayPair of the RAP. id M
Provides the id of the pair. delay M Provides a possible initial
delay before playout from the RAP. bandwidth M Provides bandwidth
corresponding to the above delay value.
[0384] Tables 99 and 100 describe syntax of RAPInfo.
TABLE-US-00099 TABLE 99 <?xml version=''1.0''
encoding=''UTF-8''?> <xs:schema
targetNamespace=''urn:3GPP:ns:PSS:AdaptiveHTTPStreamingMPD:2009''
attributeFormDefault=''unqualified''
elementFormDefault=''qualified''
xmlns:xs=''http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema''
xmlns=''urn:3GPP:ns:PSS:AdaptiveHTTPStreamingMPD:2009''>
<xs:complexType name=''RepresentationType''>
<xs:complexContent> <xs:extension
base=''RepresentationBaseType''> <xs:sequence>
<xs:element name=''SegmentInfo'' type=''SegmentInfoType''/>
<xs:element minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs= ''unbounded''
name=''BandwidthInfo'' type=''BandwidthInfoType''/>
<xs:element name=''TrickMode'' type= ''TrickModeType''
minOccurs=''0''/> <xs:element name=''RAPInfo''
type=''RAPInfoType'' minOccurs=''0''/> </xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name=''id'' type=''xs:string''
use=''required''/> <xs:attribute name=''bandwidth''
type=''xs:unsignedInt'' use= ''required''/> <xs:attribute
name=''qualityRanking'' type=''xs:unsignedInt''/>
<xs:attribute name=''depid'' type=''StringVectorType''/>
<xs:attribute name=''default'' type=''xs:boolean''/>
</xs:extension> </xs:complexContent>
</xs:complexType>
TABLE-US-00100 TABLE 100 <xs:complexType
name=''RAPInfoType''> <xs:sequence> <xs:element
name=''RAPPoint'' type=''RAPPointType'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
ref=''xlink:href''/> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexType
name=''RAPPointType''> <xs:sequence> <xs:element
name=''BandwidthDelayPair'' type= ''BandwidthDelayPairType''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name=''timePoint'' type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:anyAttribute
namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax''/>
</xs:complexType> <!-- Bandwidth-Delay Pair -->
<xs:complexType name=''BandwidthDelayPairType''>
<xs:sequence> <xs:any namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
name=''id'' type=''xs:string''/> <xs:attribute
name=''bandwidth'' type=''xs:unsignedInt''/> <xs:attribute
name=''delay'' type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:anyAttribute
namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax''/>
</xs:complexType> </xs:schema>
[0385] The RAPInfo element and child elements of the RAPInfo
element may be converted to pseudo-code format/boxes for
compactness. Furthermore, the pseudo-code boxes of the RAPInfo
element and child elements of the RAPInfo element may be stored
separately or inserted into a media bitstream (for example, in
front of each RAP).
[0386] Hereinafter, Playout Curve will be described.
[0387] Providing bandwidth-delay information for each RAP may be
costly. Another solution is to represent an approximation of a
playout curve of a representation. When the playout curve (or the
approximation of the playout curve), and a selected bandwidth
(corresponding to a specific initial delay) are known, an initial
delay at each RAP may be easily computed as a time offset of a
playout curve and a curve representing the selected bandwidth.
[0388] Table 101 describes semantics of AppPlayoutCurve.
TABLE-US-00101 TABLE 101 Element or Attribute Name Use Description
Representation M Representation element contains description of
Representation. . . . SegmentInfo 0 . . . N Provides Segment access
information. AppPlayoutCurve 0 . . . 1 Provides a piece-wise
approximation curve of the playout curve (i.e., cumulative data
size vs. time) of the representation. xlink: href O Provides
reference to external AppPlayoutCurve element. shift O Provides the
starting time of the approximation curve. The starting time is
relative to the start of the actual playout curve. Interval 1 . . .
N Describes an interval of the approximation curve. datasize M
Describes the increased data size of the interval. duration M
Indicates the duration of the interval.
[0389] Table 102 shows syntax of IntervalBandwidth.
TABLE-US-00102 TABLE 102 <?xml version=''1.0''
encoding=''UTF-8''?> <xs:schema
targetNamespace=''urn:MPEG:ns:DASH''
attributeFormDefault=''unqualified''
elementFormDefault=''qualified''
xmlns:xs=''http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema''
xmlns:xlink=''http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink''
xmlns=''urn:MPEG:ns:DASH''> ...... <xs:complexType
name=''RepresentationType''> <xs:complexContent>
<xs:extension base=''RepresentationBaseType''>
<xs:sequence> <xs:element name=''SegmentInfo''
type=''SegmentInfoType''/> <xs:element
name=''AppPlayoutCurve'' type= ''AppPlayoutCurveType''
minOccurs=''0''/> <xs:element name=''TrickMode''
type=''TrickModeType'' minOccurs=''0''/> </xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name=''id'' type=''xs:string''
use=''required''/> <xs:attribute name=''bandwidth''
type=''xs:unsignedInt'' use= ''required''/> <xs:attribute
name=''qualityRanking'' type=''xs:unsignedInt''/>
<xs:attribute name=''depid'' type=''StringVectorType''/>
<xs:attribute name=''default'' type=''xs:boolean''/>
</xs:extension> </xs:complexContent>
</xs:complexType> <xs:complexType
name=''AppPlayoutCurveType''> <xs:sequence> <xs:element
name=''Interval'' type=''IntervalType'' maxOccurs=
''unbounded''/> <xs:any namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax'' minOccurs=''0''
maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute
ref=''xlink:href''/> <xs:attribute name=''shift''
type=''xs:duration''/> <xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType>
<xs:complexType name=''IntervalType''> <xs:sequence>
<xs:any namespace=''##other'' processContents=''lax''
minOccurs=''0'' maxOccurs=''unbounded''/> </xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name=''datasize'' type=''xs:unsignedInt''/>
<xs:attribute name=''duration'' type=''xs:duration''/>
<xs:anyAttribute namespace=''##other''
processContents=''lax''/> </xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>
[0390] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the
client 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0391] A controller 510 may perform operations 130 and 140.
Specifically, the controller 510 may process the metadata of the
interval.
[0392] A transceiver 520 that selects the fragment suitable for the
interval based on the processing may perform operations 120, 140,
and 150. Specifically, the transceiver 520 may receive the metadata
of the interval of the content from the server 110, may send the
request for the fragment suitable for the interval to the server,
and may receive the fragment from the server.
[0393] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the
client 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0394] The client 100 may include an access engine 610, and a media
engine 620.
[0395] The access engine 610 may be a DASH access engine.
[0396] The access engine 610 may receive metadata (for example, an
MPD) from the server 110.
[0397] The access engine 610 may form requests, and may issue the
formed requests to the server 110.
[0398] The access engine 610 may receive content (for example,
segments or parts of the segments) from the server 110.
[0399] The access engine 610 may provide the content to the media
engine 620.
[0400] An output of the access engine 610 may include media (or a
part of the media) of an MPEG container (for example, an ISO/IEC
14492-12 ISO base media file format, or an ISO/IEC 13818-2 MPEG-2
TS). Additionally, the output of the access engine 610 may include
timing information used to map internal timing of the media to a
timeline of a media presentation.
[0401] The media engine 610 may play back the provided content.
Specifically, the media engine 610 may output media using the media
and the timing information that are output from the access engine
610.
[0402] Technical information according to the embodiments of the
present invention described above with reference to FIGS. 1 through
4 may equally be applied to the present embodiment. Accordingly,
further description thereof will be omitted.
[0403] The method according to the above-described embodiments of
the present invention may be recorded in computer-readable media
including program instructions to implement various operations
embodied by a computer. The media may also include, alone or in
combination with the program instructions, data files, data
structures, and the like. The program instructions recorded on the
media may be those specially designed and constructed for the
purposes of the embodiments, or they may be of the kind well-known
and available to those having skill in the computer software arts.
Examples of computer-readable media include magnetic media such as
hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape; optical media such as
CD ROM disks and DVDs; magneto-optical media such as optical discs;
and hardware devices that are specially configured to store and
perform program instructions, such as read-only memory (ROM),
random access memory (RAM), flash memory, and the like. Examples of
program instructions include both machine code, such as produced by
a compiler, and files containing higher level code that may be
executed by the computer using an interpreter. The described
hardware devices may be configured to act as one or more software
modules in order to perform the operations of the above-described
embodiments of the present invention, or vice versa.
[0404] Although a few embodiments of the present invention have
been shown and described, the present invention is not limited to
the described embodiments. Instead, it would be appreciated by
those skilled in the art that changes may be made to these
embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the
invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their
equivalents.
* * * * *
References