U.S. patent application number 16/090956 was filed with the patent office on 2019-04-18 for anti-extrusion assembly for a downhole tool.
The applicant listed for this patent is TEAM OIL TOOLS, LP. Invention is credited to Justin Kellner.
Application Number | 20190112891 16/090956 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 60001522 |
Filed Date | 2019-04-18 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20190112891 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Kellner; Justin |
April 18, 2019 |
ANTI-EXTRUSION ASSEMBLY FOR A DOWNHOLE TOOL
Abstract
A downhole tool includes a sealing element configured to expand
radially outwards to form a seal with a surrounding tubular, a cone
defining a tapered surface, and a slips assembly comprising a
plurality of slips. The slips assembly is receivable at least
partially around the cone, such that moving the cone in an axial
direction with respect to the slips assembly causes the plurality
of slips to separate circumferentially apart. The tool also
includes a backup member positionable at least partially around the
tapered surface of the cone and positioned adjacent to the slips
assembly. The backup member is configured to break as the cone is
moved toward the plurality of slips, to prevent the sealing element
from extruding between circumferentially-adjacent slips of the
plurality of slips.
Inventors: |
Kellner; Justin; (Adkins,
TX) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
TEAM OIL TOOLS, LP |
The Woodlands |
TX |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
60001522 |
Appl. No.: |
16/090956 |
Filed: |
April 10, 2017 |
PCT Filed: |
April 10, 2017 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US2017/026803 |
371 Date: |
October 3, 2018 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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62320361 |
Apr 8, 2016 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21B 33/1216 20130101;
E21B 33/128 20130101; E21B 33/127 20130101; E21B 33/134 20130101;
E21B 33/129 20130101 |
International
Class: |
E21B 33/12 20060101
E21B033/12; E21B 33/129 20060101 E21B033/129 |
Claims
1. A downhole tool, comprising: a sealing element configured to
expand radially outwards to form a seal with a surrounding tubular;
a cone defining a tapered surface; a slips assembly comprising a
plurality of slips, wherein the slips assembly is receivable at
least partially around the cone, such that moving the cone in an
axial direction with respect to the slips assembly causes the
plurality of slips to separate circumferentially apart; and a
backup member positionable at least partially around the tapered
surface of the cone and positioned adjacent to the slips assembly,
wherein the backup member is configured to break as the cone is
moved toward the plurality of slips, to prevent the sealing element
from extruding between circumferentially-adjacent slips of the
plurality of slips.
2. The tool of claim 1, wherein the backup member comprises a
plurality of rings positioned axially adjacent to one another.
3. The tool of claim 2, wherein a first ring of the plurality of
rings comprises a first notch, and a second ring of the plurality
of rings comprises a tab and a second notch, the tab being received
into the first notch, and the first and second notches being
circumferentially offset from one another.
4. The tool of claim 3, wherein: the first ring is configured to
break at the first notch, such that a first gap in the first ring
is formed when the slips ring is expanded; and the second ring is
configured to break at the second notch, such that a second gap in
the second ring is formed with the slips, the first and second gaps
being circumferentially offset from one another.
5. The tool of claim 2, wherein the plurality of rings are
positioned axially between the sealing element and the slips
assembly, and wherein the sealing element is positioned at least
partially around the tapered surface of the cone.
6. The tool of claim 1, wherein the backup member comprises a slips
ring having a plurality of tabs, wherein each of the tabs is
receivable into a plurality of gaps defined between
circumferentially-adjacent slips of the plurality of slips.
7. The tool of claim 6, wherein the backup member comprises a
plurality of notches, wherein each of the notches is positioned
circumferentially between two of the tabs.
8. The tool of claim 7, wherein the backup member is configured to
fracture at the plurality of notches, such that the backup member,
when expanded, comprises a plurality of arcuate segments, wherein
at least two of the arcuate segments each include at least one of
the tabs.
9. The tool of claim 6, wherein the cone is positioned axially
between the sealing element and the slips assembly.
10. A method, comprising: positioning a cone axially adjacent to a
sealing element of a downhole tool; positioning a backup member
around a tapered surface of the cone; positioning a slips assembly
comprising a plurality of slips axially adjacent to at least a
portion of the cone, such that the backup member is axially between
the sealing element and the slips assembly; and expanding the
sealing element, the backup member, and the slips assembly, at
least partially by moving the cone relative to the backup member
and the slips assembly, wherein the backup member is configured to
prevent the sealing element from extruding through gaps defined
between circumferentially-adjacent slips of the plurality of slips
of the slips assembly.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein expanding the backup member
comprises breaking a first ring of the backup member at a first
circumferential location and breaking a second ring of the backup
member at a second location, the first location being
circumferentially offset from the second location.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein positioning the backup member
comprises positioning tabs of the backup member into the gaps
between the circumferentially-adjacent slips.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein expanding the backup member
comprises breaking the backup member into a plurality of arcuate
segments, wherein at least one of the plurality of arcuate segments
comprises a tab received into one of the gaps between the
circumferentially-adjacent slips prior to expanding the slips
assembly.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein the sealing element is
positioned at least partially around the tapered surface of the
cone, and wherein expanding the sealing element comprises moving
the cone with respect to the sealing element.
15. The method of claim 10, wherein an axial face of the cone bears
on an axial face of the sealing element, and wherein expanding the
sealing element comprises applying an axial load to the sealing
element via the cone, to axially compress and radially expand the
sealing element.
16. A downhole tool, comprising: a sealing element that is
expandable radially outwards to form a seal with a surrounding
tubular; a cone defining a tapered surface; a plurality of slips
receivable at least partially around the cone, wherein the
plurality of slips are configured to separate circumferentially
apart by moving the cone in an axial direction toward the plurality
of slips; and at least one slips ring positioned at least partially
around the tapered surface of the cone and axially between the
sealing element and the plurality of slips, wherein the at least
one slips ring is configured to break as the cone is moved toward
the plurality of slips, and wherein the at least one slips ring is
configured to prevent the sealing element from extruding between
circumferentially-adjacent slips of the plurality of slips.
17. The tool of claim 16, wherein the at least one slips ring
comprises a plurality of tabs and a plurality of notches, wherein
respective notches of the plurality of notches are positioned
circumferentially between two of the plurality of tabs, and wherein
the plurality of tabs are received into gaps formed between the
circumferentially-adjacent slips.
18. The tool of claim 17, wherein the at least one slips ring is
configured to break apart at the plurality of notches as the cone
is moved toward the plurality of slips, so as to form a plurality
of arcuate sections, each of the plurality of arcuate sections
including one of the plurality of tabs.
19. The tool of claim 17, wherein the at least one slips ring
comprises a first ring and a second ring, the first and second
rings being axially adjacent, the first ring being configured to
break at a first location, and the second ring being configured to
break at a second location, the first and second locations being
circumferentially offset.
20. The tool of claim 19, wherein the first ring, the second ring,
or both comprise an alignment feature configured to maintain the
offset between the first and second locations.
21. The tool of claim 20, wherein the alignment feature comprises a
tab of the first ring and a notch of the second ring, the tab being
received into the notch, and the second ring being configured to
break at the notch.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent
Application having Ser. No. 62/320,361, which was filed on Apr. 8,
2016, and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Packers, bridge plugs, frac plugs, and other downhole tools
may be deployed into a wellbore and set in place. Generally, such
setting is accomplished using a system of slips and seals received
around a mandrel. A setting tool is used to axially compress the
slips and sealing elements, and thereby radially expand them. The
slips, which often have teeth, grit, buttons, or other marking
structures, ride up the inclined surface of a cone during such
compression, and are thus forced outwards into engagement with a
surrounding tubular (e.g., a casing or the wellbore wall itself).
This causes the slips to bite into the surrounding tubular, thereby
holding the downhole tool in place. The seal is simultaneously
expanded by such axial compression into engagement with the
surrounding tubular, so as to isolate fluid communication axially
across the tool.
[0003] The seals are typically elastomeric, and have a tendency to
extrude during setting and/or when a large pressure differential
across the seals is present, such as during hydraulic fracturing.
In particular, the seals may extrude through a gap between
circumferentially-adjacent slips, which forms when the slips are
expanded radially outwards. To address this tendency, backup
members are sometimes positioned axially between the slips and the
seals to block these gaps and prevent extrusion.
SUMMARY
[0004] Embodiments of the disclosure may provide a downhole tool
that includes a sealing element configured to expand radially
outwards to form a seal with a surrounding tubular, a cone defining
a tapered surface, and a slips assembly comprising a plurality of
slips. The slips assembly is receivable at least partially around
the cone, such that moving the cone in an axial direction with
respect to the slips assembly causes the plurality of slips to
separate circumferentially apart. The tool also includes a backup
member positionable at least partially around the tapered surface
of the cone and positioned adjacent to the slips assembly. The
backup member is configured to break as the cone is moved toward
the plurality of slips, to prevent the sealing element from
extruding between circumferentially-adjacent slips of the plurality
of slips.
[0005] Embodiments of the disclosure may also provide a method that
includes positioning a cone axially adjacent to a sealing element
of a downhole tool, positioning a backup member around a tapered
surface of the cone, positioning a slips assembly comprising a
plurality of slips axially adjacent to at least a portion of the
cone, such that the backup member is axially between the sealing
element and the slips assembly, and expanding the sealing element,
the backup member, and the slips assembly, at least partially by
moving the cone relative to the backup member and the slips
assembly. The backup member is configured to prevent the sealing
element from extruding through gaps defined between
circumferentially-adjacent slips of the plurality of slips of the
slips assembly.
[0006] Embodiments of the disclosure may also provide a downhole
tool that includes a sealing element that is expandable radially
outwards to form a seal with a surrounding tubular, a cone defining
a tapered surface, and a plurality of slips receivable at least
partially around the cone. The plurality of slips are configured to
separate circumferentially apart by moving the cone in an axial
direction toward the plurality of slips. The tool also includes at
least one slips ring positioned at least partially around the
tapered surface of the cone and axially between the sealing element
and the plurality of slips. The at least one slips ring is
configured to break as the cone is moved toward the plurality of
slips, and the at least one slips ring is configured to prevent the
sealing element from extruding between circumferentially-adjacent
slips of the plurality of slips.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] The present disclosure may best be understood by referring
to the following description and accompanying drawings that are
used to illustrate embodiments of the invention. In the
drawings:
[0008] FIG. 1 illustrates a side, quarter sectional view of a
downhole tool, according to an embodiment.
[0009] FIG. 2A illustrates a perspective view of a sealing element
of the downhole tool, according to an embodiment.
[0010] FIG. 2B illustrates a side, cross-sectional view of the
sealing element, as indicated along line 2B-2B of FIG. 2A,
according to an embodiment.
[0011] FIG. 2C illustrates a perspective view of the sealing
element, with the main body thereof shown transparent for purposes
of illustration, according to an embodiment.
[0012] FIG. 3 illustrates a side, quarter sectional view of another
downhole tool, according to an embodiment.
[0013] FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of a slips ring,
according to an embodiment.
[0014] FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate perspective views of a slips
assembly, a cone, the sealing element, and the slips ring, in an
unset configuration and an expanded, set configuration,
respectively, according to an embodiment.
[0015] FIG. 6 illustrates a side, quarter sectional view of another
downhole tool, according to an embodiment.
[0016] FIG. 7A illustrates a perspective view of the sealing
element and an assembly of arcuate backup members, according to an
embodiment.
[0017] FIG. 7B illustrates a perspective view of one of the arcuate
backup members, according to an embodiment.
[0018] FIG. 7C illustrates a cross-sectional view of the sealing
element and backup members, along line 7C-7C of FIG. 7A, according
to an embodiment.
[0019] FIG. 8 illustrates a perspective view of a cone, according
to an embodiment.
[0020] FIG. 9 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the sealing
element, the backup members, and an anti-extrusion member,
according to an embodiment.
[0021] FIG. 10A illustrates a side, cross-sectional views of a
sealing element including an anti-extrusion member, according to an
embodiment.
[0022] FIG. 10B illustrates a perspective view of the sealing
element of FIG. 10A, according to an embodiment.
[0023] FIG. 11A illustrates a side, cross-sectional view of a
sealing element including an anti-extrusion member, according to an
embodiment.
[0024] FIG. 11B illustrates a perspective view of the sealing
element of FIG. 11A, according to an embodiment.
[0025] FIG. 12 illustrates a perspective view of another downhole
tool in a run-in configuration, according to an embodiment.
[0026] FIG. 13 illustrates a side, cross-sectional view of the
downhole tool of FIG. 12 in the run-in configuration, according to
an embodiment.
[0027] FIG. 14 illustrates a perspective view of the downhole tool
of FIG. 12 in a set configuration, according to an embodiment.
[0028] FIG. 15A illustrates a perspective view of a backup member
of the tool of FIG. 12A in the run-in configuration, according to
an embodiment.
[0029] FIG. 15B illustrates a perspective view of the backup member
of FIG. 14B, but in a set configuration, according to an
embodiment.
[0030] FIG. 16 illustrates a flowchart of a method for packing a
wellbore, according to an embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] The following disclosure describes several embodiments for
implementing different features, structures, or functions of the
invention. Embodiments of components, arrangements, and
configurations are described below to simplify the present
disclosure; however, these embodiments are provided merely as
examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Additionally, the present disclosure may repeat reference
characters (e.g., numerals) and/or letters in the various
embodiments and across the Figures provided herein. This repetition
is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself
dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or
configurations discussed in the Figures. Moreover, the formation of
a first feature over or on a second feature in the description that
follows may include embodiments in which the first and second
features are formed in direct contact, and may also include
embodiments in which additional features may be formed interposing
the first and second features, such that the first and second
features may not be in direct contact. Finally, the embodiments
presented below may be combined in any combination of ways, e.g.,
any element from one exemplary embodiment may be used in any other
exemplary embodiment, without departing from the scope of the
disclosure.
[0032] Additionally, certain terms are used throughout the
following description and claims to refer to particular components.
As one skilled in the art will appreciate, various entities may
refer to the same component by different names, and as such, the
naming convention for the elements described herein is not intended
to limit the scope of the invention, unless otherwise specifically
defined herein. Further, the naming convention used herein is not
intended to distinguish between components that differ in name but
not function. Additionally, in the following discussion and in the
claims, the terms "including" and "comprising" are used in an
open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean
"including, but not limited to." All numerical values in this
disclosure may be exact or approximate values unless otherwise
specifically stated. Accordingly, various embodiments of the
disclosure may deviate from the numbers, values, and ranges
disclosed herein without departing from the intended scope. In
addition, unless otherwise provided herein, "or" statements are
intended to be non-exclusive; for example, the statement "A or B"
should be considered to mean "A, B, or both A and B."
[0033] FIG. 1 illustrates a side, quarter-sectional view of a
downhole tool 100, according to an embodiment. The downhole tool
100 may be a packer, a bridge plug, a frac plug, or the like,
without limitation. The downhole tool 100 may include a body 102,
which may be hollow, at least partially obstructed, configured to
catch a ball, or the like, depending on the application. In some
embodiments, the body 102 may be cylindrical, as shown. The body
102 may include one single member, or several members attached
together, e.g., end-on-end.
[0034] Several components may be positioned around, or at least
partially around, the body 102, which may be used to set and/or
seal the downhole tool 100 in the well. For example, the downhole
tool 100 may include one or more slips assemblies (two are shown:
104, 106). The slips assembly 104, 106 may include a plurality of
arcuate slips segments 108, 109, respectively. Gaps 111, 113 may be
present between the arcuate slips segments 108, 109, and gaps 111,
113 may increase in size during radial expansion slips assemblies
104, 106 during setting.
[0035] One or more cones (two are shown: 110A, 110B) may be
positioned axially adjacent to the slips assemblies 104, 106, at
least prior to setting the tool 100. The cones 110A, 110B may
include tapered outer surfaces 112, 114, respectively, and may be
positioned radially between at least a portion of the slips
assemblies 104, 106 and the body 102, such that the tapered outer
surfaces 112, 114 engage an inner surface of the slips assemblies
104, 106, as shown.
[0036] The downhole tool 100 may further include one or more
sealing elements. In the illustrated embodiment, the downhole tool
100 includes a first sealing element 116 and a second sealing
element 118. In some embodiments, the downhole tool 100 may include
a third sealing element, e.g., opposite to the first sealing
element 116, such that the second sealing element 118 is disposed
therebetween. In still other embodiments, a single sealing element
(e.g., the second sealing element 118) may be employed.
[0037] The first sealing element 116 may include an anti-extrusion
member 120. In an embodiment, the anti-extrusion member 120 may be
provided by a helical member, such as a spring. The term "helical"
should be broadly interpreted to include any wound geometry, and
not solely those structures that meet the geometrical definition of
a helix, unless otherwise specified herein. For example, in a
helical embodiment, the anti-extrusion member 120 may include
oval-shaped windings, polygonal windings, etc. The anti-extrusion
member 120 may be configured to expand radially, as the first
sealing element 116 expands during setting, as will be described in
greater detail below.
[0038] Further, the first sealing element 116 has first and second
axial ends 122, 124. The first axial end 122 faces the proximal
(e.g., adjacent) slips assembly 106, while the second axial end 124
is opposite to the first axial end 122 and faces away from the
proximal slips assembly 106 and towards the second sealing element
118. In some embodiments, the second end 124 is positioned at least
partially around the second sealing element 118, so as to at least
partially overlap the second sealing element 118. This overlapping
may serve to limit or prevent extrusion of the second sealing
element 118 past the first sealing element 116 during setting
and/or during use.
[0039] The downhole tool 100 may also include a collar 126 and a
shoe 128, which may be positioned such that the remainder of the
components positioned around the body 102 are axially therebetween.
The collar 126 may include a locking mechanism, which may allow the
collar 126 to move toward the shoe 128, but prevent movement of the
collar 126 in the opposite axial direction. The shoe 128 may be
integral with or securely fixed to the body 102. Accordingly, to
set the tool 100, the body 102 may be engaged and held in position
(or moved upwards) relative to a sleeve that pushes against the
collar 126. This may cause the axial compression of the outer
components between the collar 126 and the shoe 128. As such, the
slips assemblies 104, 106 may slide up the tapered surfaces 112,
114 of the cones 110A, 110B, and be driven radially outward by such
engagement. Further, the sealing elements 116, 118 may be axially
compressed and expanded radially outwards.
[0040] The anti-extrusion member 120 may expand along with the
first sealing element 116 during setting, and may resist extrusion
into the enlarged gaps 113 during and after setting. Accordingly,
the first sealing element 116 material around the anti-extrusion
member 120 may likewise resist extrusion, since the embedded
anti-extrusion member 120 may be prevented from moving into the
gaps 113.
[0041] In some embodiments, the anti-extrusion member 120 may be
made from a composite material, which may facilitate drilling or
milling out the tool 100 for removal from the well. Such composite
materials may include carbon-fiber reinforced materials, such as
phenolics, glass, and the like. In another embodiment, the
anti-extrusion member 120 may be made from a metallic material
(e.g., a metal or an alloy of two or more metals).
[0042] FIG. 2A illustrates a perspective view of the first sealing
element 116, according to an embodiment. FIG. 2B illustrates a
side, sectional view of the first sealing element 116, along line
2B-2B as shown in FIG. 2A, and FIG. 2C illustrates a transparent
view of the first sealing element 116, illustrating an embodiment
of the anti-extrusion member 120 embedded therein. Beginning with
FIG. 2A, as shown, the first sealing element 116 includes the first
and second ends 122, 124. The second end 124, which may be
configured to overlap the second sealing element 118 (see FIG. 1),
may be tapered, as shown. Further, the sealing element 116 may
define a bore 200 therethrough, which may receive the body 102
therethrough.
[0043] In FIG. 2B, an embodiment of the anti-extrusion member 120
is visible. The anti-extrusion member 120 is not visible in FIG.
2A, since, as may be appreciated from FIG. 2B, it is embedded
entirely within a main body 202 of the first sealing element 116.
In FIG. 2C, the anti-extrusion member 120 is again visible, as the
main body 202 is shown as transparent for purposes of illustration.
In other embodiments, however, the anti-extrusion member 120 may
protrude axially from the first end 122 or radially inward or
outward, such that the anti-extrusion member 120 is partially
outside of the first sealing element 116. Further, as best seen in
FIG. 2C, in some embodiments, the anti-extrusion member 120 may be
positioned near the radially-outer extent of the first sealing
element 116, which may be the area most prone to extrusion.
[0044] FIG. 3 illustrates a side, quarter-sectional view of another
downhole tool 300, according to an embodiment. The downhole tool
300 may include several of the same or similar components as the
downhole tool 100, and such like components are given the same
numbers in the Figures and a duplicative description thereof is
omitted.
[0045] The downhole tool 300 may include a backup member, such as a
slips ring 301. As shown, the slips ring 301 may be positioned
axially between the first sealing element 116 and the lower slips
assembly 106; however, this is merely an example. In some
embodiments, a second slips ring could be positioned adjacent to
the upper slips assembly 104, in addition to or instead of the
slips ring 301. In an embodiment, the slips ring 301 may be made at
least partially from a composite material.
[0046] In the illustrated embodiment, the slips assembly 104
includes a distal end 302, which may be the end of the slips
assembly 104 that faces the first sealing element 116, and, e.g.,
extends the farthest radially outwards by sliding along the cone
110B. The slips ring 301 may engage the distal end 302 of the slips
assembly 104. Further, the slips ring 301 may include tabs 304,
which may extend axially into the gaps 113 between adjacent slip
segments 110.
[0047] FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of the slips ring 301,
according to an embodiment. As shown, the slips ring 301 includes
the tabs 304, which may extend axially from a base 400 of the slips
ring 301. In addition, the base 400 may include notches 402, which
may define weak points in the base 400, where the base 400 may be
configured to fracture or break apart during setting, resulting in
arcuate ring segments 404 being separated apart, as will be
described in greater detail below. The notches 402 may not extend
entirely through the base 400, such that the slips ring 301 may
remain generally rigid prior to setting. Further, any number of
notches 402 may be provided, and thus any resulting number of
segments 404 may be employed.
[0048] FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate the interaction of the slips ring
301 with the cone 110B and the slips assembly 106, according to an
embodiment. In particular, in FIG. 5A, the slips assembly 106 is
shown in an unexpanded, run-in configuration, while in FIG. 5B, the
slips assembly 106 is shown in an expanded, set configuration.
Further, in FIG. 5A, the slips ring 301 is positioned around the
tapered surface 114 of the cone 110B. As can also be seen in FIG.
3, the slips ring 301 slides against the tapered surface 114 of the
cone 110B, similar to the slips assembly 106, such that the
interaction with the cone 110B breaks the slips ring 301 apart into
the segments 404. Further, each of the gaps 113 receives one of the
tabs 304 therein. It will be appreciated that, in some embodiments,
one or more of the gaps 113 may not receive a tab 304.
Additionally, as can be seen in FIG. 5A, the gaps 113 may not
extend entirely radially through the slips assembly 106, and the
slip segments 110 may initially be coupled together, e.g.,
integrally formed. In other embodiments, the slip segments 110 may
be separate pieces that may initially be held together, e.g., using
a band.
[0049] Moving to FIG. 5B, the slip assembly 106 is driven up along
the cone 110B and expands radially outwards, while the slip
segments 109 may break apart as it is moved radially outwards. The
first sealing element 116 is also expanded radially outward during
this process, as shown.
[0050] During this process, the slips ring 301 is also driven along
the cone 110B, and fractures into its component segments 404. The
tabs 304 may, however, remain in the gaps 113, and eventually the
distal end 302 of the slips assembly 106 and the first end 122 of
the first sealing element 116 may entrain the slips ring segments
404 therebetween. As such, the slips ring segments 404 may block
the first sealing element 116 from extruding through the gaps
113.
[0051] In the illustrated example, each segment 404 provides a
single tab 304, which extends into one of the gaps 113; however,
this is merely one embodiment. Other embodiments may include one
segment 404 having two or more tabs 304 and segments 404 including
no tabs 304.
[0052] FIG. 6 illustrates a side, quarter-sectional view of another
downhole tool 600, according to an embodiment. The downhole tool
600 may include several of the same or similar components as the
downhole tools 100 and/or 300, and such like components are given
the same numbers in the Figures and a duplicative description
thereof is omitted.
[0053] The downhole tool 600 may include a modified first sealing
element 602 and a modified cone 606. For example, the first sealing
element 602 may be co-molded with a plurality of backup members
604. The backup members 604 may be positioned axially between the
first sealing element 602 and the cone 110B, and at least a portion
of the first sealing element 602 may axially overlap at least a
portion of the first sealing element 602. The backup members 604
may be formed from a composite material, or another material that
is relatively hard in comparison to the elastomeric first sealing
element 602. Accordingly, the backup members 604 may be configured
to reduce or avoid extrusion of the first sealing element 602
through the gaps 113 in the slips assembly 106.
[0054] FIG. 7A illustrates a perspective view of the modified first
sealing element 602 and the plurality of backup members 604,
according to an embodiment. FIG. 7B illustrates a perspective view
of one of the backup members 604, according to an embodiment. FIG.
7C illustrates a sectional view of the sealing element 602 and the
plurality of backup members 604 taking along line 7C-7C in FIG. 7A,
according to an embodiment.
[0055] The backup members 604 may be circumferentially adjacent to
one another, defining interfaces 701 therebetween, and may form a
ring, through which the body 102 may be received (see FIG. 6).
Further, the backup members 604 may include a face 700 and a lip
702. The face 700 may be positioned along a first end 704 of the
first sealing element 602, e.g., between the first end 704 and the
cone 606. The lip 702 may be positioned around the first end 122,
e.g., on a shoulder formed in the first sealing element 602. A
second end 705 of the sealing element 602 may face toward, and may,
for example, be received around a portion of, the second sealing
element 118 (see FIG. 6).
[0056] Alignment recesses 706 may be defined by circumferentially
adjacent backup members 604. For example, each of the backup
members 604 may define a shoulder 708 at the circumferential extent
of the face 700. The alignment recess 706 may thus be defined by
the combination of the shoulders 708 of adjacent backup members
604. In other embodiments, the alignment recesses 706 may be
defined by notches cut into individual backup members 604.
[0057] The backup members 604 may be co-molded with the first
sealing element 602. Further, the backup members 604 may not be
connected together, apart from their connection with the first
sealing element 602. In other embodiments, the backup members 604
may be connected together by a sacrificial structure configured to
rupture upon setting, so as to allow the backup members 604 to move
freely with the expansion of the first sealing element 602.
Accordingly, when the sealing element 602 expands, the backup
members 604 may circumferentially separate apart at the interface
701. The backup members 604 may be positioned such that the gaps
113 (see FIG. 6) in the slips assembly 106 are blocked by the
backup members 604, i.e., the interfaces 701 between the backup
members 604 may be angularly offset or "clocked" with respect to
the gaps 113, so as to prevent extrusion of the first sealing
element 602 through the gaps 113.
[0058] FIG. 8 illustrates a perspective view of the cone 606,
according to an embodiment. The cone 606 includes a tapered outer
surface 801, along which the slips assembly 106 slides during
setting, as previously discussed. More particularly, in this
embodiment, the tapered outer surface 801 is complex, including
several flattened contours 803, e.g., instead of a smooth conical
shape. Each of the flattened contours 803 may receive one of the
slips segments 109, and the non-circular geometry may serve to
resist angular displacement of the slips segments 109 with respect
to the cone 606.
[0059] The cone 606 may also include alignment tabs 804, which may
extend axially from an end surface 802 of the cone 606. The end
surface 802 may be oriented toward the faces 700 of the backup
members 604. Further, the alignment tabs 804 may be received into
the alignment recesses 706 formed in the plurality of backup
members 604. The engagement between the alignment tabs 804 and the
alignment recesses 706 may serve to maintain the angular alignment
of the backup members 604 with respect to the slips assembly 106,
such that the backup members 604 are maintained in position,
blocking the gaps 113.
[0060] Referring again to FIG. 6, the tool 600 may also include an
anti-extrusion member 608, which may be embedded in the first
sealing element 602. The anti-extrusion member 608 may be similar
to the anti-extrusion member 120 discussed above. However, the
anti-extrusion member 608 may be configured for use in combination
with the co-molded backup members 604. Referring additionally to
FIG. 9, there is shown a more detailed, sectional view of the first
sealing element 602 including the backup members 604 and the
anti-extrusion member 608.
[0061] The anti-extrusion member 608 may be positioned proximal to
the second end 705 of the first sealing element 602, which may face
the second sealing element 118 (see FIG. 6). The second end 705 may
overlap the second sealing element 118, and at least a portion of
the first sealing element 602 proximal to the second end 705 may be
positioned outward of a portion of the second sealing element 118.
The anti-extrusion member 608 may be positioned at, e.g., embedded
within or disposed in a groove (see, e.g., FIGS. 10A and 11A)
formed in, the portion of the first sealing element 602 that
overlaps the second sealing element 118. Accordingly, the
anti-extrusion member 120 may serve to prevent extrusion of the
second sealing element 118 past the first sealing element 116, and
vice versa.
[0062] It will be appreciated that aspects of the downhole tools
100, 300, 600 may be combined or separated, as desired, in various
embodiments consistent with the present disclosure. For example,
the slips ring 301 may be provided along with the backup members
604, as shown in FIG. 6, but, in other embodiments, one of these
elements may be provided while the other is omitted. Similarly, the
backup members 604 may be provided with or without the
anti-extrusion member 608, and the anti-extrusion member 608 may be
provided with or without the backup members 604 and/or the slips
ring 301.
[0063] FIG. 10A illustrates a side, cross-sectional view of a first
sealing element 1000 including an anti-extrusion member 1002
positioned therein, according to an embodiment. FIG. 10B
illustrates a perspective view of the first sealing element 1000,
according to an embodiment. Referring to FIGS. 10A and 10B, as
shown, the first sealing element 1000 may include a main body 1004
having a first axial end 1006 and a second axial end 1008. The
first axial end 1006 may be configured to be positioned adjacent to
another sealing element (e.g., the second sealing element 118, see
FIG. 1), and the second axial end 1008 may be oriented toward the
slips assembly (e.g., slips assembly 106).
[0064] The main body 1004 may define a notch or groove 1010
therein, extending radially inwards from an outer surface 1012
thereof. The groove 1010 may be positioned proximal to, but spaced
apart from, the second axial end 1008, resulting in the groove 1010
having walls on three sides (both axial sides and a radial-inward
side). The walls of the groove 1010 may be rounded or oriented in
other directions than those shown. The anti-extrusion member 1002,
which may be a composite spring in a wound (e.g., helical)
configuration, may be positioned in the groove 1010. Accordingly,
the anti-extrusion member 1002 may be open to the wellbore in the
radial outward direction. As such, the anti-extrusion member 1002
may expand with the first sealing element 1000, e.g., without
cutting into the material of the main body 1004 radially outward
thereof. In an embodiment, the first sealing element 1000 may be
used in place of the first sealing element 116 of FIG. 1.
[0065] FIG. 11A illustrates a side, cross-sectional view of another
first sealing member 1100, according to an embodiment. FIG. 11B
illustrates a perspective view of the first sealing member 1100.
The first sealing member 1100 may be generally similar to the first
sealing member 1000, and may include a main body 1102 having first
and second axial ends 1104, 1106 and defining a notch or groove
1108 extending radially therein. An anti-extrusion member 1110
(e.g., a wound composite spring) may be positioned in the groove
1108, as shown.
[0066] The groove 1108 may extend from the second end 1106, such
that the groove 1108 forms a shoulder in the main body 1102 and has
two walls (a radial-inward wall and an axial wall), while leaving
two sides open. As such, when the first sealing member 1100
expands, the anti-extrusion member 1110 may also expand, and may
not cut into the material of the main body 1102 on the open sides.
In an embodiment, the first sealing element 1100 may be used in
place of the first sealing element 116 in FIG. 1.
[0067] FIG. 12 illustrates a perspective view of another downhole
tool 1200 in a run-in configuration, according to an embodiment.
The downhole tool 1200 generally includes a cone 1202 having a base
1203 and a tapered surface 1204 that extends axially from the base
1203. In particular, the tapered surface 1204 may extend radially
inward as proceeding away from the base 1203. In some embodiments,
the tool 1200 may omit an inner mandrel or body. In other
embodiments, an inner mandrel or body such as that described above,
may be provided.
[0068] The tool 1200 includes a slips assembly 1207 including a
plurality of slips 1206 that are connected together and partially
circumferentially spaced apart by gaps 1220, so as to facilitate
breaking the slips 1206 apart when the tool 1200 is set in a
wellbore. The plurality of slips 1206 may be positioned adjacent to
at least a portion of the cone 1202. For example, the slips 1206
may be positioned at least partially around the tapered surface
1204 (thereby being axially adjacent to the rest of the cone 1202),
or may not, at least initially, be around the tapered surface 1204.
Further, the tool 1200 includes a sealing element 1208 positioned
at least partially around the tapered surface 1204 of the cone
1202. The tool 1200 may also include a lower assembly 1209 that may
include a shoe, as shown, and/or any other suitable components.
[0069] A backup member 1210 is positioned axially intermediate of
the slips 1206 and the sealing element 1208. The backup member 1210
may include two or more slips rings (two shown: 1212, 1214). The
slips rings 1212, 1214 may be axially adjacent to one another, so
as to form a stack of rings 1212, 1214 (along with any other rings
that may be provided).
[0070] The slips rings 1212, 1214 may include a notch 1216 and an
alignment tab 1218, respectively. The notch 1216 of the slips ring
1212 may be configured to snugly receive the tab 1218 of the
adjacent slips ring 1214. The slips ring 1214 may also include a
notch, which may be circumferentially offset from the tab 1218
thereof, and thus is not visible in this view. Optionally, the
slips ring 1212 may also include a tab, e.g., receivable into the
notch of the slips ring 1214. In some embodiments, each of the
slips rings 1212, 1214 may include two or more tabs and/or two or
more notches. The engagement between the notch 1216 and the
alignment tab 1218 may serve to align the rotational positions of
the rings 1212, 1214 relative to one another, and thus may be an
example of an "alignment feature." It will be appreciated that a
variety of structures may be capable of providing such an alignment
feature that prevents the rings 1212, 1214 from rotating with
respect to one another.
[0071] FIG. 13 illustrates a partial, cross-sectional view of the
tool 1200 in a run-in configuration, according to an embodiment. As
shown, the tapered surface 1204 of the cone 1202 extends through an
inner diameter surface of the sealing element 1208, the backup
member 1210, and/or the slips 1206.
[0072] Accordingly, when the cone 1202 is driven axially towards
the slips 1206 (e.g., to the right, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13),
the tapered surface 1204 wedges progressively farther into the
sealing element 1208, slips 1206, and backup member 1210, pushing
these components radially outward. Eventually, the tool 1200
reaches a set configuration, where the tool 1200 is configured to
be positionally fixed with respect to a surrounding tubular (e.g.,
a casing, liner, or the wellbore wall) and sealed therewith. FIG.
14 illustrates an example of such a set configuration of the tool
1200.
[0073] In this configuration, the sealing element 1208 is radially
and circumferentially stretched to expand, while the more rigid
slips 1206 break apart and expand. The rings 1212, 1214 of the
backup member 1210 are also driven outwards by riding up on the
tapered surface 1204 and break apart, e.g., the ring 1212 may
fracture at the notch 1216, resulting in a gap 1250 forming between
two circumferential ends of the ring 1212. As noted above, the
notch of the ring 1214 is offset from the tab 1218 and the notch
1216, and thus a corresponding gap may form, offset from the gap
1250, which is not visible in this view.
[0074] Thus, the rings 1212, 1214 may, together, form a barrier
between the sealing element 1208 and the slips 1206. For example,
the rings 1212, 1214 may be angularly offset (out of phase)
C-rings, such that the body of one of the rings 1214 blocks the gap
1250 in the other ring 1212 formed by expanding the rings 1212,
1214. As such, the sealing element 1208 may be prevented from
extruding, as it is blocked on its radial inside by the tapered
surface 1204 of the cone 1202, on one axial side by the base 1203
of the cone 1202, on its opposite axial side by the backup member
1210, and by the surrounding tubular on its radial outside.
[0075] FIGS. 15A and 15B illustrate perspective views of the backup
member 1210 in the run-in and set configurations, respectively. As
shown, the backup member 1210 includes the rings 1212, 1214. The
ring 1212 includes the notch 1216, and the ring 1214 includes the
tab 1218. In addition, as mentioned above, the ring 1214 includes a
second notch 1500 that is offset from the notch 1216 by
approximately 180 degrees around the ring 1214. In other
embodiments, additional or fewer such notches may be provided, and
may be positioned at any suitable angular interval. The notches
1216 and 1500 may serve as preferential breaking locations L1, L2
for the rings 1212, 1214 as they expand. The breaking locations L1,
L2 may be offset circumferentially from one another, e.g., about
180 degrees. Further, the ring 1212 and/or the ring 1214 may
include a second tab positionable within a notch of the ring 1214,
e.g., offset by approximately 180 degrees from the first notch
1216.
[0076] Accordingly, turning to FIG. 15B, when the backup member
1210 is expanded, the rings 1212, 1214 may rupture at the notches
1216, 1500, resulting in the gap 1250 in the ring 1212 and a gap
1502 in the ring 1214. Since the notches 1216, 1500 (breaking
locations L1, L2) are offset circumferentially, the gaps 1250, 1502
may thus also be offset circumferentially from one another, such
that the backup member 1210 provides a continuous barrier in the
axial direction that prevents extrusion of the sealing element 1208
(FIG. 12).
[0077] FIG. 16 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1600 for
preventing extrusion of a sealing element (e.g., the sealing
element 1208) between circumferentially-adjacent slips of the
plurality of slips 1206. For the sake of convenience, an embodiment
of the present method 1600 will be described with reference to the
embodiment of FIG. 12, showing the tool 1200 (where appropriate,
however, the tool 300 is also referred to); however, it will be
appreciated that this is merely an example, and some embodiments of
the method 1600 may employ other structures.
[0078] The method 1600 may include positioning a cone 1202 axially
adjacent to a sealing element 1208 of a downhole tool, as at 1602.
The method 1600 may also include positioning a backup member 1210
around a tapered surface 1204 of the cone 1202, as at 1604. The
method 1600 may further include positioning a slips assembly 1207
including a plurality of slips 1206 axially adjacent to and/or
around the cone 1202, such that the backup member 1210 is axially
between the sealing element and the slips assembly, as at 1606. In
some embodiments, such as in FIG. 3, the cone 110B may be axially
between the sealing element 116 and the slips assembly 109. In
other embodiment, such as in FIG. 12, the sealing element 1208 may
be between the cone 1202 and the slips assembly 1207.
[0079] The method 1600 may also include expanding the sealing
element 1208, the backup member 1210, and the slips assembly 1207,
at least partially by moving the cone 1202 relative to the backup
member 1210 and the slips assembly 1207, as at 1608. The backup
member 1210 is configured to prevent the sealing element 1208 from
extruding through gaps 1220 defined between
circumferentially-adjacent slips 1206 of the slips assembly 1207.
The expanded backup member 1210, still positioned around the cone
1202, prevents the sealing element from extruding between the
circumferentially-adjacent slips 1206, e.g., through the gaps
1220.
[0080] In an embodiment, the sealing element 1208 may be is
positioned at least partially around the tapered surface 1204 of
the cone 1202. Thus, expanding the sealing element at 1608 may
include moving the cone 1202 with respect to the sealing element
1208. Expanding the backup member 1210 at 1608 may include breaking
a first ring 1212 of the backup member 1210 at a first
circumferential location L1 and breaking a second ring 1214 of the
backup member at a second location L2, the first location L1 being
circumferentially offset from the second location L2.
[0081] In an alternative embodiment (e.g., FIG. 3), positioning the
backup member (e.g., slips ring 301) at 1604 may include
positioning tabs 304 of the backup member into the gaps 113 between
the circumferentially-adjacent slips 109.
[0082] Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, expanding the backup member at
1608 may include breaking the backup member into a plurality of
arcuate segments 404. At least one of the plurality of arcuate
segments 404 includes a tab 304 received into one of the gaps 113
between the circumferentially-adjacent slips 109 prior to expanding
the slips 109.
[0083] Further, an axial face of the cone 110B may bears on an
axial face of the sealing element 116. Accordingly, expanding the
sealing element 116 at 1608 may include applying an axial load to
the sealing element 116 via the cone 110B, to axially compress and
radially expand the sealing element 116.
[0084] As used herein, the terms "inner" and "outer"; "up" and
"down"; "upper" and "lower"; "upward" and "downward"; "above" and
"below"; "inward" and "outward"; "uphole" and "downhole"; and other
like terms as used herein refer to relative positions to one
another and are not intended to denote a particular direction or
spatial orientation. The terms "couple," "coupled," "connect,"
"connection," "connected," "in connection with," and "connecting"
refer to "in direct connection with" or "in connection with via one
or more intermediate elements or members."
[0085] The foregoing has outlined features of several embodiments
so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present
disclosure. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they
may readily use the present disclosure as a basis for designing or
modifying other processes and structures for carrying out the same
purposes and/or achieving the same advantages of the embodiments
introduced herein. Those skilled in the art should also realize
that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit
and scope of the present disclosure, and that they may make various
changes, substitutions, and alterations herein without departing
from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
* * * * *