U.S. patent application number 16/090546 was filed with the patent office on 2019-04-18 for apparatus and methods for sampling.
The applicant listed for this patent is SNPSHOT TRUSTEE LIMITED. Invention is credited to Rory BLADEN, Roy Victor BLADEN, Michael Stuart GARDNER.
Application Number | 20190110435 16/090546 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 59962686 |
Filed Date | 2019-04-18 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20190110435 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
GARDNER; Michael Stuart ; et
al. |
April 18, 2019 |
APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR SAMPLING
Abstract
The invention relates to methods of recording information and
associating the information with sample taken from an item. The
method may use a sampler that can receive a plurality of sample
collecting devices that can remove a sample from the item.
Information is recorded about the item and about the sample
collecting device used to take a sample from the item. Geolocation
information of the sampler at the time of taking a sample and
timing information between the time of reading item ID and sample
collecting device ID is associated with the sample.
Inventors: |
GARDNER; Michael Stuart;
(Remuera, Auckland, NZ) ; BLADEN; Roy Victor;
(Albany, Auckland, NZ) ; BLADEN; Rory; (Auckland,
NZ) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SNPSHOT TRUSTEE LIMITED |
Auckland |
|
NZ |
|
|
Family ID: |
59962686 |
Appl. No.: |
16/090546 |
Filed: |
March 31, 2017 |
PCT Filed: |
March 31, 2017 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/IB2017/051841 |
371 Date: |
October 1, 2018 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B 90/98 20160201;
A61F 13/38 20130101; A61B 10/0233 20130101; A61B 2010/0208
20130101; A61B 10/0096 20130101; A01K 11/003 20130101; A61B 2503/40
20130101; A01K 11/004 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A01K 11/00 20060101
A01K011/00; A61B 10/00 20060101 A61B010/00; A61B 10/02 20060101
A61B010/02; A61B 90/98 20060101 A61B090/98; A61F 13/38 20060101
A61F013/38 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Mar 31, 2016 |
NZ |
718586 |
Oct 10, 2016 |
NZ |
725097 |
Nov 2, 2016 |
NZ |
725831 |
Claims
1. A system for taking a biological sample from an item, the system
comprising: A) a sampler including a handheld body to hold a sample
collecting device and an actuator adapted to drive the sample
collecting device relative to the handheld body and to contact the
item to remove a sample from the item, B) a reader unit including:
i. a sample identification reader adapted to capture identification
information (hereinafter "sample information") associated with the
sample collecting device, and ii. an item ID reader adapted to
capture identification information (hereinafter "ID") associated
with the item from which the sample is to be taken, wherein the
reader unit is configured to measure and/or record time between a)
capturing said item ID and taking the sample, and/or b) taking the
sample and capturing said item ID, and wherein the reader unit is
further configured to compare the measured and/or recorded time
against a predetermined time wherein if said measured and/or
recorded time exceeds the predetermined time the handheld body or
reader unit provides directly or indirectly at least at least one
of audio, visual and haptic feedback to a user of the sampler.
2. A sampler comprising a handheld body to hold: a. a sample
collecting device holder adapted in use to accommodate a sample
collecting device, and b. an actuator adapted to drive a sample
collecting device from the sample collecting device holder, to
contact the item to remove a sample from the item, a reader unit
engaged to said handheld body and including: i. a sample
identification reader adapted to capture identification information
(hereinafter "sample information") associated with the collecting
device, and ii. an item ID reader adapted to capture identification
information (hereinafter "item ID") associated with the item from
which the sample is to be taken, wherein the reader unit is
configured to measure and/or record time between capturing said
item ID and taking the sample, and/or taking the sample and
capturing said item ID, wherein the reader unit is further
configured to compare the measured and/or recorded time against a
predetermined time, and wherein if said measured and/or recorded
time exceeds the predetermined time, the handheld body or reader
unit provides directly or indirectly at least one of audio, visual,
or haptic feedback to a user of the sampler.
3. The sampler of claim 2 wherein the reader unit comprises a
transmitter to transmit item ID and/or sample information to an
external device.
4. The sampler of claim 2, wherein the collecting device holder is
permanently engaged to the handheld body.
5. The sampler of claim 2, wherein the reader unit comprises a
sample identification reader, and wherein said sample information
to be read by the sample identification reader comprises one or
more of a machine readable ID and an electronic ID, associated with
the collecting device.
6. The sampler of claim 2, wherein said item ID to be read by the
item ID reader comprises one or more of a machine readable ID and
an electronic ID, associated with the item from which the sample is
to be taken.
7. The sampler of claim 2, wherein the time of taking the sample,
being the time when said collecting device is driven from the
collecting device holder to remove the sample from the item,
corresponds to said capturing of said sample information.
8. A sampler as claimed in claim 2 wherein the readers utilise
different frequencies for EID communication.
9. The sampler of claim 2, wherein the reader unit including a
camera configured for one or more of: a) capturing sample
information, b) capturing item ID, c) obtaining supplemental data
relating to one or more of: i) the item to be sampled, ii) location
of sampling, iii) sampling procedure.
10. The sampler of claim 2, wherein the reader unit comprises a
positional tracking system.
11. The sampler of claim 2, wherein the reader unit comprises: a) a
timer and/or b) means for obtaining and recording and/or
transmitting time stamps.
12-13. (canceled)
14. The sampler of claim 2, wherein if said measured and/or
recorded time exceeds the predetermined time the sampler prompts
the user to take a new sample.
15. The sampler of claim 2, wherein if said measured and/or
recorded time exceeds the predetermined time, the sampler records a
warning data tag associated with the sample.
16. (canceled)
17. The sampler of claim 2, wherein the reader unit comprises a
animal tag reader, wherein the reader unit records a time stamp at
the time when said animal tag ID is captured, and wherein the
reader unit records another time stamp at the time the sample is
taken.
18. A method of taking a biological sample from an item and placing
the sample into a storage container using a sampler, said sampler
comprising a handheld body presenting: a sample collecting device
holder adapted in use to accommodate a sample collecting device, an
actuator adapted to drive the sample collecting device from the
sample collecting device holder, to remove the sample from the
item, an ID reader adapted to capture identification information
(hereinafter "item ID") associated with the item from which the
sample is to be taken, the method comprising: a) supplying the
sampler with a sample collecting device at the sample collecting
device holder, b) driving the actuator to remove a sample from the
item, and c) capturing the item ID, wherein the time duration
(hereinafter "sampling time duration") between steps (b) and (c) is
monitored and/or the time of each of steps (b) and (c) are recorded
as time stamps, regardless of whether step (b) occurs before or
after step (c), and wherein the sampling time duration is compared
with a predetermined time limit, and at least at least one of
audio, visual and haptic feedback is provided to a user if said
sampling time duration is longer than said predetermined time
limit.
19. A method of taking a sample from an item using a sampler, said
sampler comprising: a handheld body including a sample collecting
device holder adapted in use to accommodate a sample collecting
device, an actuator adapted to drive the sample collecting device
from the sample collecting device holder, to remove the sample from
the item, and an ID reader, the ID reader adapted to capture
identification information (hereinafter "item ID") associated with
the item from which the sample is to be taken, the method
comprising: a) supplying the sampler with a sample collecting
device at the sample collecting device holder, b) driving the
actuator to remove a sample from the item, c) capturing the item
ID, wherein the time duration (hereinafter "sampling time
duration") between steps (b) and (c) is monitored and/or the time
of each of steps (b) and (c) are recorded as time stamps,
regardless of whether step (b) occurs before or after step (c), and
wherein the sampling time duration is compared with a predetermined
time limit, and at least one of audio, visual, and haptic feedback
is provided to a user if said sampling time duration is longer than
said predetermined time limit.
20-21. (canceled)
22. The method of claim 19, further comprising prompting the user
to restart the sampling process if said sampling time duration is
longer than said predetermined time limit.
23-29. (canceled)
30. A sampling system to collect a sample from an item, comprising:
a sampler comprising a handheld body defining a sampling region at
where a sample collecting device can be held, the handheld body
carrying an actuator adapted to drive the sample collecting device
to remove the sample from the item, a reader unit removably
engageable to said handheld body and including: a sample
identification reader adapted to capture identification information
(hereinafter "sample information") associated with the collecting
device, and an item ID reader adapted to capture identification
information (hereinafter "item ID") associated with the item from
which the sample is to be taken, wherein the reader unit is
configured to measure and/or record time between: a) capturing said
item ID and taking the sample, and/or b) taking the sample and
capturing said item ID, and wherein the reader unit is further
configured to compare the measured and/or recorded time against a
predetermined time, wherein if said measured and/or recorded time
exceeds the predetermined time the handheld body or reader unit
provides directly or indirectly at least at least one of audio,
visual and haptic feedback to a user of the sampler, wherein in a
first mode of use, the sampler, with the reader unit engaged to the
handheld body, presents a sample collecting device holding region
where said sample collecting device can be held, and wherein in a
second mode of use, the sampler, without the reader unit engaged to
the handheld body, presents a sample collecting device holding
region where said sample collecting device can be held.
31. A sampling system to remove a sample from an item, comprising:
a sampler including a handheld body defining a sampling region at
where a sample collecting device can be held, the handheld body
carrying an actuator adapted to drive the sample collecting device
to remove the sample from the item, a reader unit (preferably
removably engageable to said handheld body, or able to be located
remote yet proximate thereto), and including a sample
identification reader adapted to capture identification information
(hereinafter "sample information") associated with the collecting
device, and an ID reader adapted to capture identification
information (hereinafter "item ID") associated with the item from
which the sample is to be taken, wherein the reader unit is
configured to measure and/or record time between a. capturing said
item ID and taking the sample, and/or b. taking the sample and
capturing said item ID, and wherein the reader unit is further
configured to compare the measured and/or recorded time against a
predetermined time, wherein if said measured and/or recorded time
exceeds the predetermined time the handheld body or reader unit
provides directly or one of indirectly audio, visual and haptic
feedback to a user of the device.
32. The sampling system of claim 31, wherein during sampling said
reader unit captures at least one of sample information and item ID
when said sample is being removed.
33-35. (canceled)
36. A method of taking and storing a sample from an item, the
method comprising: (i) taking an item identification reading (e.g.,
a photo of the item or a reading of an ID carried by the item) and
digitally storing the read item identification, (ii) taking a
sample from the item and locating the sample with a sample holder,
(iii) taking an identification reading of the sample holder and
digitally storing the read sample holder identification reading,
(iv) taking a reading of the geolocation of the location of the
item and digitally storing the geolocation reading, (v) measuring
the time lapse or lapses between at least two of steps (i)-(iv)
above, (vi) comparing the time lapse or lapses against a
predetermined time, and (vii) if at least one of the time lapse or
lapses exceeds the predetermined time causing the sampler to
provide directly or indirectly at least one of audio, visual and
haptic feedback.
37. A method as claimed in claim 36 wherein the order of steps (i)
to (iv) is sequential and in the order of step (i) then step (ii)
then step (iii) and step (iv).
38. A method as claimed in claim 36 wherein steps (i) to (iv) are
carried out in no specific order.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for
sampling.
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
[0002] To improve the tracking of livestock and to facilitate DNA
testing, biological samples may be collected from animals. The
sample is usually cut from an animal using a sampling device and is
placed in a storage compartment for laboratory analysis.
[0003] For disease control and quality control, it is becoming
increasingly important to be able to individually identify each
animal with a unique code. This is typically achieved by tagging of
livestock which has recently become compulsory in many countries
worldwide. The tag, attached to the animal, e.g., to the animal's
ear(s), has a unique identifier on or transmittable by the tag.
These unique codes can be registered centrally, together with
additional data related to the animal, farmer. Further, the unique
identifier allows the sample to be unambiguously linked to the
animal in question. Accordingly, in an outbreak of a disease, the
source can be traced and the disease may be controlled more
effectively and efficiently.
[0004] Despite the increased security resulting from the use of
identification tags, there still remains the risk of error or
fraud, e.g., cross-sampling fraud, where the sample from one animal
is linked to the ID of another animal. This may occur during the
sampling process if there are insufficient measures to prevent
tampering of the samples.
[0005] Further, the sampling process is often labour intensive and
prone to errors and inaccuracies, as the process typically requires
logging of multiple pieces of information associated with each
sample, concurrently while taking a sample.
[0006] Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to
provide methods for collecting and handling samples that goes at
least some way toward overcoming the disadvantages of known
collecting methods and/or that will at least provide the public
with a useful choice.
[0007] Biological samples as referenced herein may include for
example, animal tissue such as flesh, blood, hair, fur, saliva,
sweat, urine, or plant tissue such as leaves, bark, roots or wood,
or any other part of a plant or animal but particularly those that
are made up of similar cells, or which perform a similar function.
Tissue may come from plants and animals particularly, including
pigs, goats, cattle, sheep, poultry, and fish. The animals may be
production animals or companion animals or wild animals.
[0008] In this specification where reference has been made to
patent specifications, other external documents, or other sources
of information, this is generally for the purpose of providing a
context for discussing the features of the invention. Unless
specifically stated otherwise, reference to such external documents
is not to be construed as an admission that such documents, or such
sources of information, in any jurisdiction, are prior art, or form
part of the common general knowledge in the art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention may be said to be a
system for taking a biological sample from an item, the system
comprising [0010] A) a sampler comprising [0011] a handheld body to
hold a sample collecting device and an actuator adapted to drive
the sample collecting device relative to the handheld body and
towards the item to remove a sample from the item, [0012] B) a
reader unit (preferably removably engaged to said handheld body or
located during sampling proximate to said hand held body) and
comprising one or more of: [0013] i. a sample identification reader
adapted to capture identification information (hereinafter "sample
information") associated with the sample collecting device, [0014]
ii. an item ID reader adapted to capture identification information
(hereinafter "ID") associated with the item from which the sample
is to be taken.
[0015] In a second aspect the present invention may be said to be a
sampler comprising [0016] a handheld body to hold (and preferably
holding): [0017] a. a sample collecting device holder adapted in
use to accommodate a sample collecting device, [0018] b. an
actuator adapted to drive a sample collecting device from the
sample collecting device holder, (and preferably through the item)
to remove a sample from the item [0019] a reader unit (preferably
removably) engaged to said handheld body and comprising one or more
of: [0020] i. a sample identification reader adapted to capture
identification information (hereinafter "sample information")
associated with the collecting device, [0021] ii. an item ID reader
adapted to capture identification information (hereinafter "item
ID") associated with the item from which the sample is to be
taken.
[0022] Preferably the reader unit comprises memory storage and/or
can receive removable memory storage.
[0023] Preferably the memory storage can store item ID and sample
information, that become associated with each other.
[0024] Preferably the reader unit comprises a transmitter to
transmit item ID and/or sample information to an external device.
(eg a data storage or collection device).
[0025] Preferably the reader unit comprises a rechargeable power
supply.
[0026] Preferably the collecting device holder is permanently
engaged to the handheld body.
[0027] Preferably, if the reader unit, when in the form engageable
to the handheld body, is removed, the sampler is still able to
function to remove a sample for the item.
[0028] Preferably the reader unit comprises a sample identification
reader, and wherein said sample information to be read by the
sample identification reader comprises one or more of a machine
readable ID and an electronic ID, associated with the collecting
device.
[0029] Preferably the reader unit comprises an item ID reader and
wherein said item ID to be read by the item ID reader comprises one
or more of a machine readable ID and an electronic ID, associated
with the item from which the sample is to be taken. Preferably the
reader unit comprises a sample identification reader and an item ID
reader (to for example read ear tag ID) wherein each reader is
configured to capture respective identification information via
compatible EID communication (preferably RFID).
[0030] Preferably the readers utilise different frequencies for EID
communication.
[0031] Preferably the sample identification reader operates at 125
kHz and the item reader operates at 134.2 kHz.
[0032] Preferably the reader unit comprises a camera configured for
one or more of: [0033] a) capturing sample information, [0034] b)
capturing item ID, [0035] c) obtaining supplemental data relating
to one or more of: [0036] i) the item to be sampled, [0037] ii)
location of sampling, [0038] iii) sampling procedure.
[0039] Preferably the reader unit comprises a positional tracking
system.
[0040] Preferably the reader unit comprises: [0041] a) a timer
and/or [0042] b) means for obtaining and recording and/or
transmitting time stamps.
[0043] Preferably the reader unit comprises an item ID reader, and
[0044] wherein the reader unit is configured to measure and/or
record time between: [0045] a) capturing said item ID and taking
the sample, and/or [0046] b) taking the sample and capturing said
item ID. [0047] to compare the measured and/or recorded time
against a predetermined time.
[0048] Preferably if said measured and/or recorded time exceeds the
predetermined time the handheld body or reader unit provides
directly or indirectly (eg to an external device) audio, visual or
haptic feedback.
[0049] Preferably if said measured and/or recorded time exceeds the
predetermined time the sampler (preferably the reader unit) prompts
the user to take a new sample.
[0050] Preferably if said measured and/or recorded time exceeds the
predetermined time the sampler is deactivated by preventing said
actuator(s) from being actuated. And preferably the user is
required to perform one or more authorisation steps comprising one
or more of inputting user login details and capturing user
credentials, and/or to restart the sampling process, in order to
reactivate the sampler.
[0051] Preferably if said measured and/or recorded time exceeds the
predetermined time, the sampler records a warning data tag
associated with the sample, (preferably associated with said sample
information and/or item ID and stored on memory storage of said
reader unit).
[0052] Preferably said predetermined time is between about 2 and 20
seconds.
[0053] Preferably said predetermined time limit is between about 1
second and 5 minutes.
[0054] Preferably said time limit is between about 5 and 10
seconds.
[0055] Preferably the reader unit comprises a animal tag reader,
[0056] wherein the reader unit records a time stamp at the time
when said animal tag ID is captured, and [0057] wherein the reader
unit records another time stamp at the time the sample is
taken.
[0058] Preferably the reader unit comprises a sample identification
reader, and [0059] wherein the time of taking the sample
corresponds to the capturing of said sample information on the
collecting device as the collecting device is driven from the
collecting device holder (preferably through the item) to remove
the sample from the item.
[0060] Preferably the reader unit comprises a processor for
controlling operation or operability of the sampler.
[0061] Preferably the reader unit comprises a user interface for
receiving and/or capturing user credentials.
[0062] Preferably the reader unit comprises wireless communication
means for transmitting data to one or more external devices.
[0063] Preferably the reader unit is able to wirelessly transmit
data to one or more external devices.
[0064] Preferably the memory storage can store at least one of:
[0065] A) item (eg animal) ID and sample information, and [0066] B)
GPS data, photographs, time stamps
[0067] preferably associated with each other.
[0068] In a further aspect the present invention may be said to be
a method of taking a biological sample from an item and placing the
sample into a storage container using a sampler, said sampler
comprising a handheld body presenting: [0069] a sample collecting
device holder adapted in use to accommodate a sample collecting
device, [0070] an actuator adapted to drive the sample collecting
device from the sample collecting device holder, (preferably
through the item) to remove the sample from the item, [0071] an ID
reader adapted to capture identification information (hereinafter
item ID) associated with the item from which the sample is to be
taken, the method comprising: [0072] a) supplying the sampler with
a sample collecting device at the sample collecting device holder,
[0073] b) driving the actuator to remove a sample from the item,
[0074] c) capturing the item ID, [0075] wherein the time duration
(hereinafter "sampling time duration") between steps (b) and (c) is
monitored and/or the time of each of steps (b) and (c) are recorded
as time stamps, regardless of whether step (b) occurs before or
after step (c).
[0076] Preferably the sampler is as herein before described.
[0077] Preferable the item is an animal.
[0078] In still a further aspect the present invention may be said
to be a method of taking a sample from an item using a sampler,
said sampler comprising [0079] a handheld body comprising [0080] a
sample collecting device holder adapted in use to accommodate a
sample collecting device, an actuator adapted to drive the sample
collecting device from the sample collecting device holder,
(preferably through the item) to remove the sample from the item,
and [0081] an ID reader (preferably removably engaged to the
handheld body or located, during sampling, proximate to the
handheld body), the ID reader adapted to capture identification
information (hereinafter "item ID") associated with (and preferably
carried by) the item from which the sample is to be taken, the
method comprising: [0082] a) supplying the sampler with a sample
collecting device at the sample collecting device holder, [0083] b)
driving the actuator to remove a sample from the item, [0084] c)
capturing the item ID, [0085] wherein the time duration
(hereinafter "sampling time duration") between steps (b) and (c) is
monitored and/or the time of each of steps (b) and (c) are recorded
as time stamps, regardless of whether step (b) occurs before or
after step (c).
[0086] Preferably the sampling time duration is compared (and is
preferably recorded) with a predetermined time limit.
[0087] Preferably the method comprising providing at least one of
audio, visual and haptic feedback to a user if said sampling time
duration is longer than said predetermined time limit.
[0088] Preferably the method further comprising prompting the user
to restart the sampling process if said sampling time duration is
longer than said predetermined time limit.
[0089] Preferably the sampling time duration when step (b) occurs
after step (c) is monitored such that if the sampling time duration
exceeds said predetermined time limit, said driving of the actuator
is prevented by said sampler.
[0090] Preferably if said sampling time duration is longer than
said predetermined time limit and said sampler is deactivated by
preventing said actuator(s) from being actuated, the user must
perform one or more authorisation steps comprising one or more of
inputting user login details and capturing user credentials, and/or
to restart the sampling process, in order to reactivate the
sampler.
[0091] Preferably the method further comprising recording or
assigning a warning data tag associated with the sample if said
sampling time duration is longer than said respective predetermined
limit.
[0092] Preferably said warning data tag is associated with said
item ID. (preferably on a separate memory storage and/or on memory
storage associated with said handheld body).
[0093] Preferably said warning data tag is associated with
information carried by one of both of said collecting device and
storage container.
[0094] Preferably the time of steps (b) and (c) taking place, are
recorded as time stamps, and said recorded time stamps are
associated with said sample. (preferably on a separate memory
storage and/or on memory storage associated with said handheld
body).
[0095] Preferably said time stamps are recorded and associated with
information carried by one or both of said collecting device and
storage container, preferably on a separate memory storage and/or
on memory storage associated with said handheld body.
[0096] Preferably said time stamps are associated with said item ID
information recorded preferably on a separate memory storage and/or
on memory storage associated with said handheld body.
[0097] Preferably the method further comprising: [0098] capturing
identification information (hereinafter "sample information")
associated with the collecting device as the collecting device is
driven from the collecting device holder and (preferably through
the item) to remove the sample from the item, wherein the time of
taking the sample corresponds to said capturing of said sample
information.
[0099] Preferably the predetermined time limit against which the
sampling time duration is compared is between about 2 and 20
seconds.
[0100] Preferably the predetermined time limit against which the
sampling time duration is compared is between about 2 seconds and 5
minutes.
[0101] Preferably the predetermined time limit against which the
sampling time duration is compared is between about 5 and 10
seconds.
[0102] Preferably the predetermined time limit against which the
seal time duration is compared is between about 2 and 20
seconds.
[0103] Preferably the predetermined time limit against which the
seal time duration is compared is between about 5 and 10
seconds.
[0104] Preferably the sampler includes a location sensor that can
sense the geolocation of the sampler and record this information
associated with information of said item ID and/or sample
information.
[0105] In a further aspect the present invention may be said to be
a sampling system to collect a sample from an item, comprising:
[0106] a sampler comprising a handheld body defining a sampling
region at where a sample collecting device can be held (and
preferably is held), the handheld body carrying an actuator adapted
to drive the sample collecting device to remove the sample from the
item [0107] a reader unit removably engageable to said handheld
body and comprising one or more of: [0108] a. a sample
identification reader adapted to capture identification information
(hereinafter "sample information") associated with the collecting
device, [0109] b. an item ID reader adapted to capture
identification information (hereinafter "item ID") associated with
the item from which the sample is to be taken, [0110] wherein in a
first mode of use, the sampler, with the reader unit engaged to the
handheld body, presents a sample collecting device holding region
where said sample collecting device can be held, and [0111] wherein
in a second mode of use, the sampler, without the reader unit
engaged to the handheld body, presents a sample collecting device
holding region where said sample collecting device can be held.
[0112] In still a further aspect the present invention may be said
to be a sampling system to remove a sample from an item,
comprising: [0113] a sampler comprising a handheld body defining a
sampling region at where a sample collecting device can be held
(and preferably is held), the handheld body carrying an actuator
adapted to drive the sample collecting device to remove the sample
from the item, [0114] a reader unit (preferably removably
engageable to said handheld body, or able to be located remote yet
proximate thereto), and comprising one or more of: [0115] a. a
sample identification reader adapted to capture identification
information (hereinafter "sample information") associated with
[0116] b. an ID reader adapted to capture identification
information (hereinafter "item ID") associated with the item from
which the sample is to be taken.
[0117] Preferably during said reader unit captures at least one of
sample information and item ID when said sample is being
removed.
[0118] In still a further aspect the present invention may be said
to be a sampling system comprising [0119] (i) a handheld body to
hold (and preferably holding): [0120] a. a sample collecting device
holder adapted in use to accommodate a sample collecting device,
[0121] b. an actuator adapted to drive a sample collecting device
from the sample collecting device holder to take a sample from the
item, [0122] (ii) a sample identification reader adapted to capture
identification information (hereinafter "sample information")
associated with the collecting device, and [0123] (iii) an ID
reader adapted to capture identification information (hereinafter
"item ID") associated with the item from which the sample is to be
taken, wherein [0124] the sample identification reader and the item
ID reader together or severally form part of one of said hand held
body and a handheld portable electronic device.
[0125] Preferably GPS information is recorded at the time of
sampling, said GPS information recorded with said item ID and
sample information for subsequent processing.
[0126] Preferably sampling time information is also recorded
together with said GPS and item ID and sample information.
[0127] In an even further aspect the present invention may be said
to be a method of recording information and associating the
information with sample taken from an item (preferably an animal),
the method comprising:
[0128] using a sampler that can (a) receive a plurality of sample
collecting devices that can remove a sample from the item and (b)
record information of or carried by said item and (c) record
information of or carried by each said sample collecting device,
(i) recording geolocation information of the sampler at the time of
taking a sample, (ii) recording information of or carried by said
item and (iii) recording information of or carried by said sample
collecting device and (iv) associating said geolocation information
and information of or carried by said item and information of or
carried by said sample collecting device together.
[0129] Preferably the time between at least one of (i) recording
the geolocation of the sampler at the time of taking a sample, (ii)
recording information of or carried by said item and (iii)
recording information of or carried by said sample collecting
device is also associated with said geolocation information and
information of or carried by said item and information of or
carried by said sample collecting device.
[0130] Preferably the sampler carries a GPS or other geolocation
sensing/capable device.
[0131] In a further aspect the present invention may be said to be
a method of taking and storing a sample from an item, the method
comprising: [0132] (i) taking an item identification reading (eg a
photo of the item or a reading of an ID carried by the item) and
digitally storing the read item identification, [0133] (ii) taking
a sample from the item and locating the sample with a sample
holder, [0134] (iii) taking an identification reading of the sample
holder and digitally storing the read sample holder identification
reading, [0135] (iv) taking a reading of the geolocation of the
location of the item and digitally storing the geolocation reading,
[0136] (v) recording the time of or time lapse between at least two
of steps i-iv above.
[0137] Preferably the order of steps (i) to (iv) is sequential and
in the order of step (i) then step (ii) then step (iii) and step
(iv).
[0138] Preferably the steps (i) to (iv) are carried out in no
specific order.
[0139] In a further aspect the present invention may be said to be
a method of taking and storing a sample from an item, the method
comprising: [0140] (i) taking an item identification reading (eg a
photo of the item or a reading of an ID carried by the item) and
digitally storing the read item identification, [0141] (ii) taking
a sample from the item and locating the sample with a sample
holder, [0142] (iii) taking an identification reading of the sample
holder and digitally storing the read sample holder identification
reading.
[0143] Preferably the method further includes taking a reading of
the geolocation of the location of the item and digitally storing
the geolocation reading,
[0144] Preferably the method also further comprises recording the
time of or time lapse between at least two of steps i-iii
above.
[0145] The term "comprising" as used in this specification means
"consisting at least in part of". When interpreting each statement
in this specification that includes the term "comprising", features
other than that or those prefaced by the term may also be present.
Related terms such as "comprise" and "comprises" are to be
interpreted in the same manner.
[0146] This invention may also be said broadly to consist in the
parts, elements and features referred to or indicated in the
specification of the application, individually or collectively, and
any or all combinations of any two or more said parts, elements or
features, and where specific integers are mentioned herein which
have known equivalents in the art to which this invention relates,
such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if
individually set forth.
[0147] The invention consists in the foregoing and also envisages
constructions of which the following gives examples only.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0148] Preferred embodiments of the invention will be described by
way of example only and with reference to the drawings, in
which:
[0149] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a sampler that may be
used with the methods herein described,
[0150] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a different sampler,
[0151] FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c show perspective and exploded views of
another type of sampler,
[0152] FIGS. 4a and 4b show partial and close up views of a
sampler,
[0153] FIGS. 5a to 5d illustrate a sampling system,
[0154] FIG. 6 shows a removable smart reader unit and replacement
standard storage holder unit,
[0155] FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating components (and
associated operations) of a sampler,
[0156] FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a sampling
process,
[0157] FIG. 9 illustrates a sampling system according to another
embodiment.
[0158] FIG. 10A is a side view of a sample collecting device that
may for example be provided for the purposes of taking a saliva
swap,
[0159] FIG. 10B shows a sampler that may be used for the purposes
of pausing the sample collecting device of FIG. 10A to be
actuated,
[0160] FIG. 11 is a sectional view through section AA of FIG.
11,
[0161] FIG. 12 is an end view of FIG. 10A,
[0162] FIG. 13 shows the swab of the sample collecting device of
FIG. 11 in an extended condition, and
[0163] FIG. 14 illustrates the swab of the sample collecting device
of FIG. 11 in a retracted condition.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0164] The present invention relates to sampling methods that may
utilise different variations of sampler hardware and consumable
components such a tissue punches or swabs for obtaining biological
samples from plants and animals particularly, including pigs,
goats, cattle, sheep, poultry, and fish. Sampling from production
and/or from companion animals such as cats, dogs and horses is
envisaged. These biological samples may include for example, animal
tissue, flesh, blood, hair, fur, saliva, sweat, urine. The
invention relates more specifically to improvements in sampling,
sample and animal correlation, meta-data collection, sample
security and fraud reduction or prevention mechanisms for
detecting, reducing and/or eliminating tampering of the sampling
process or inadvertent errors during the sampling process.
[0165] In one example of a sampler 1'' that may be used as seen in
FIGS. 3 and 4 a magazine may be used that comprising a plurality of
collecting devices 250. Each collecting device may comprise a punch
251 having a cutting element for cutting a sample from the item
(such as animal or plant material for example). Each collecting
device 250 may also comprise a plunger that pushes the sample into
a storage container held by the sampler by movement of an actuating
means. If a magazine is included (integrally or removably) with the
sampler, the magazine can be rotated, after a sample is taken, to
bring another collecting device into position for taking another
sample or the same or different item to be sampled, so that
sequential samples can be taken efficiently.
[0166] Exemplary embodiments of the collecting device 250 that may
be used with the sampler 1, 1'', 1''' may be as described in patent
application WO2015/056229, hereby incorporated by way of
reference.
[0167] The collecting device 250 may comprise a hollow punch 251
having a cutter 255 configured to remove a sample from an organism.
The collecting device 250 may also comprise a plunger 257 that is
slidably movable within the punch 251, to push the sample off the
cutter 255 of the punch.
[0168] In other embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the collecting
device 250 may consist essentially of a punch 251, which is driven
to punch a sample from the organism and then moved into a storage
container 500.
[0169] In one embodiment as shown in FIGS. 1 and 9, and described
in patent application WO2014/196876, hereby incorporated by way of
reference, an example of a sampler 1 that may be used, may comprise
a body 100 having a magazine receptacle 200 for holding a plurality
of collecting devices 250, a storage container holder 300, and a
sample removing region 400. The sample removing region is located
between the magazine receptacle and storage container holder. An
actuator 130 is actuable to drive the collecting device 250 from
magazine 200 into storage container 300.
[0170] In another embodiment of a sampler, as shown in FIG. 2, the
sampler 1' may comprise a body 100 having a storage container
holder 300 and a punch holder 50 that may be configured to hold a
single punch 251 associated with the storage container 500.
[0171] In another embodiment of a sampler, as shown in FIGS. 3 and
4, the sampler 1'' may comprise a body 100 and a detachable
scanning/sensing/reader unit 1000. In some preferred embodiments,
the detachable reader unit 1000 comprises storage container holder
300 and digital memory storage 1100. In the embodiment shown, the
detachable reader unit 1000 holds a single storage container 300,
such that the user replaces the storage container 300 after each
sample is taken. In other embodiments, the detachable reader unit
1000 may comprise a magazine for holding a plurality of storage
tubes 300. For example, the magazine may be rotatable, so that new
storage containers can be sequentially moved into the active
collecting position for each sample.
[0172] The body 100 of the sampler 1'' may comprise of magazine
receptacle 200 holding a plurality of collecting devices 250, and a
sample removing region 400. The sample removing region is located
between the magazine receptacle and storage container holder
300.
[0173] In another embodiment of a sampler as shown in FIGS. 5a to
5d, the sampler 1''' may be configured to removably receive (e.g.,
via snap fit or push fit or other fit) a cassette 303. The cassette
preferably carries a collecting device 250 such as one described
above, a storage container 300 such as one described above, and
(optionally) a seal or cover 260.
[0174] Seal 260 may be provided to cover the open end of the
storage container 500 once the sample has been deposited within,
for additional protection of the sample against contamination. In
some embodiments, where the collecting device 250 comprises a
plunger 257 (that is slidably movable within the punch 251, to push
the sample off the cutter 255 of the punch), the seal 260 may also
be adapted to push onto the plunger when the seal engages onto the
storage container 500, to thus push the sample off the punch into
the storage container.
[0175] In the preferred form the cassette 303 comprises a storage
container holding region 306 and a collecting device region 307.
The two regions are preferably integrally connected, with a sample
removing region 400 defined therebetween.
[0176] The collecting device region 307 is configured to hold the
collecting device 250 and seal 260 (if provided). If the seal 260
if provided separately from the collecting device 250, the two
elements may be provided by way of a collecting device and seal
magazine 309, as shown in FIGS. 5a to 5d. The magazine 309 can move
or be caused to move relative to the collecting device region 307
so as to selectively and sequentially present inline, the
collecting device 250 and the seal 260 for actuation by the sampler
1'''.
[0177] For example, FIG. 5b shows the collecting device 250 axially
aligned with the storage container 500. The sampler 1''' may then
be actuated to punch a sample from the organism and move the sample
into a storage container 500. Subsequently, FIG. 5c illustrates the
cassette 303 in a manner where the collecting device 250 has been
delivered to the storage container 500, and the magazine 309 has
been displaced to axially align the seal 260 with the storage
container 500. The sampler 1''' may then be actuated to drive the
seal 260 into or onto the open end of storage container, as shown
in FIG. 5d. In some embodiments, sampler 1''' may comprise a drive
mechanism that moves the actuator 130 back towards an
initial/retracted position after it has been actuated, so that
first the collecting device 250, then the seal 260 can be driven
into the storage container in a 2-step process.
[0178] In other embodiments, where the seal 260 is not provided, or
is provided integral (or in line) with the collecting device 250, a
magazine may not be provided, and the collecting device region may
be configured to hold the collecting device 250 (or collecting
device with integral seal 260).
[0179] The cassette 303 may in some embodiments retain the storage
container 500 after the sample has been taken, and the single-use
cassette assembly may be shipped to a laboratory. In other
embodiments, the filled storage container 500 may be removed from
the cassette and shipped to the laboratory, and the single-use
cassette 303 disposed. In yet other embodiments, after a sample is
taken, a new storage container 500 and collecting device 250 and
seal 260 (where provided) or magazine 309 (where provided) may be
inserted into the cassette 303, ready for a new sample.
[0180] FIG. 10B illustrates an alternative sampler 500 that is for
example designed to hold and actuate a swab assembly 501 as seen in
FIG. 10A and FIG. 11. The sampler 500 may include a trigger 502
that can be actuated by a user in order to cause the swab 503, held
pre-swabbing in a protective sleeve 504 that may be capped by a cap
505, to be moved by virtue of a sampler ram or push rod (not
shown). Such movement may be a push and retract movement where the
swab head 503a is moved over an item such as a tongue of an animal,
in order to take a saliva sample. The movement may be quick. The
sampler 500 has no jaw of sample taking region unlike the samplers
as prior described. The sampler 500 provide for the same of similar
GPS and timing and reading functionality as is herein described
with reference to the other samplers, and such may be removeably
carried by the sampler 500 or permanently.
[0181] It should be understood that these functionality features
may be applied to various forms and configurations of collecting
devices and samplers (and associated methods of sampling) without
departing from the scope of the invention. The functionality adds
sensing, processing and connectivity components to the sampling
device and/or process, to improve the efficiency and security of
the sampling process, and are not restricted to any particular
configuration of sampler.
[0182] Suitable methods of actuating the sampler as previously
described to obtain a sample may be as described in WO2014/196876,
incorporated by way of reference, and illustrated in FIG. 1. The
magazine 200 is rotatable within sampler 1, so that unused
collecting devices 250 can be sequentially moved into the active
collecting position. The sampler 1 comprises actuating means to
actuate, e.g., a ram, to push the active collecting device out of
the chamber of the magazine 200, through the sample removing region
400 and toward the storage container. As the ram pushes the
collecting device 250 through the sample removing region 400, the
cutting end of the punch pushes through the item (e.g., ear or
other part of the animal) to cut a sample plug from the item. The
ram may be actuated via a handle or trigger of the sampler.
[0183] Any of these exemplary samplers 1, 1', 1'', 1''' may
comprise additional sensing, processing and connectivity components
to improve the ease, efficiency, convenience, security and/or
accuracy of the sampling process and subsequent downstream sample
analysis.
[0184] In one embodiment, the sampler 1, 1', 1'', 1''' as seen in
FIGS. 1 to 4 may comprise a tag reader 1500 configured to scan or
read an identifier on an animal tag that is associated with the
animal from which the sample is to be taken/has been taken.
[0185] Animal tags are known in the art and have been widely used
to provide a unique identification of each animal. The animal tag
may comprise a human readable identification component, such as an
alphanumerical sequence printed or otherwise provided on the animal
tag. The animal tag may additionally or alternatively comprise a
visible machine readable component such as a linear barcode or a
matrix barcode such as quick response (QR) codes. The animal tag
may additionally or alternatively be an electronic identification
(EID) tag, e.g., a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag, a
near field communication (NFC) tag, which comprises electronically
stored information and means for transmitting this information to
the tag reader. In some cases, the animal tag may be embedded
(e.g., subcutaneously) in the animal; in other cases, the tag is
attached to the animal (e.g., to the animal's ear) such that at
least a portion of the tag is visible to the user; in yet other
cases, the tag is marked onto the animal, e.g., via branding,
tattooing.
[0186] Where RFID is used, the RFID system may operate in a
suitable frequency range, e.g., low frequency (LF), high frequency
(HF), ultra high frequency (UHF). The frequency range may be
selected according to effectiveness over the distances required,
according to regulation or standards, and/or so as not to interfere
with other RFID systems (as discussed in more detail below).
[0187] The tag reader 1500 is accordingly configured to read,
sense, scan, capture and/or record one or more identification
components from the animal tag. In some embodiments, the animal tag
reader 1500 is configured to be able to capture identifiers from
more than one type of animal tag, for greater versatility across a
range of different environments and scenarios.
[0188] In one embodiment, the tag reader 1500 is configured to read
electronically stored data from an EID tag. For example, the animal
tag may comprise a passive RFID transponder that is powered
inductively by the animal tag reader. Alternatively, the animal tag
may be an active RFID tag. The tag reader 1500 comprises an RFID
reader antenna configured to read the electronic ID transmitted by
the animal tag across a specific carrier frequency or frequency
band.
[0189] Preferably, the configuration of the RFID system conforms to
ISO standards 11784 and 11785. Accordingly, the RFID system is
preferably a low frequency (LF) system, and operates across the
ISO-compliant carrier frequency of 134.2 kHz. However, it will be
appreciated that the RFID system could be instead compliant with
other national or regional standards relating to animal
identification and tracing, and may therefore operate at or across
other frequencies as appropriate.
[0190] The tag reader 1500 may additionally or alternatively
comprise a barcode or QR code scanner for use with tags that have
no RFID capability. In these cases, the tag reader 1500 may
comprise a barcode scanner, image scanner, a camera or other image
capturing means. The tag reader 1500 of sampler 1, 1', 1'', 1'''
may further comprise a processor running image recognition software
for processing and interpreting the captured barcode image. In
other embodiments, the tag reader 1500 may simply record the
barcode image, to be transferred to a separate storage location,
apparatus, database, server, for subsequent processing and
interpreting.
[0191] Additionally or alternatively, the tag reader 1500 may be a
camera 1800 for recording human viewable/readable animal ID or ID
components, such as alphanumeric serial numbers, from the animal
tag. Similarly, the recorded image may be processed using image
recognition and processing software, whether this is run on board
the sampler, or after the data has been transferred to a remote
server.
[0192] Further, the camera 1800 could also be used to take
photographs or videos of identifying features of the animal, for
example, photographs of the animal tag, biometric data such as a
retinal scan of the animal, visual patterns on the animal such as
colouring variation or distribution of spots, or other
identification features such as visual brands on the animal, ear
notches. This biometric identification data may be captured in
addition to, or instead of, identification from an animal tag
associated with the animal.
[0193] The camera 1800 may be provided with one or more accessories
(whether integrally formed with the camera or not) such as a flash,
laser pointers, for use in low-light conditions and/or as a laser
"sight" to increase accuracy of focus on the ID component or other
identifying features of the animal before/when capturing the
photograph. Other accessories may include rangefinders (e.g., laser
rangefinders), proximity sensors, infrared sensors, to aid with
focusing and capturing of photographs and optionally also to obtain
more information about the images captured e.g., distance.
[0194] The user may be prompted to scan the animal tag and/or
capture other animal identification data immediately before and/or
immediately after taking the sample of the animal. This prompting
may be by way of visual, audio or haptic feedback. For example, a
countdown timer may be visible and/or audible.
[0195] Timing between the scanning and sampling steps may be
restricted, regulated, recorded or monitored, as discussed in more
detail below. In other embodiments, the scanning or transmission of
the animal EID may be automatically activated, for example,
actuating the trigger of the sampler to take the sample may
simultaneously activate the tag reader 1500 to read the EID and/or
capture the image.
[0196] In preferred embodiments, the sampler is configured to so
that there is a predetermined time limit between (1) scanning or
reading of the animal ID and (b) taking the sample or taking of a
sample marked as valid (eg a validated sample) and that accordingly
will or should be treated as valid in subsequent processing, (or
vice versa). This can help reduce the risk of cross-sampling fraud
(i.e., prevents the user from scanning one animal's tag and taking
a sample from another animal). For example, the user may be
provided with between three seconds and ten seconds after scanning
the animal tag to complete the sample taking process. This time
limit may be factory set. This time limit may be programmable by an
authorised user, so that it may be adapted for different
scenarios.
[0197] In some embodiments, if the sample is not taken within the
time limit, the user may be notified (via sound, visual, haptic
feedback) and the user will need to rescan the animal tag before
the sample (or a validated sample) can be taken. That is, the
sampler may be blocked or deactivated such that the punch of the
collecting device cannot be actuated unless the animal tag is
rescanned.
[0198] In some embodiments, if the sample is not taken within the
time limit, the sampler may be deactivated, e.g., the actuator 130
may be prevented from being actuated (for example via solenoid pins
that lock the push rod), the sampler may power off or go into
standby mode, until the user performs one or more authorisation
steps, e.g., by inputting user login details (may be user's login
details or a supervisor's login details), or by capturing user (or
a supervisor's) credentials e.g., sensing, reading, and/or
recognising one or more identifiers associated with the user, such
as a barcode, QR code, EID on a user's ID card, and/or biometric
data such as the user's thumbprint, eye scan. Further, the user may
also be required to restart the sampling process once the
authorisation step(s) have been performed, in order to reactivate
the sampler.
[0199] In other embodiments, if the sample is not taken within the
time limit, a data warning tag is added to the data associated with
the sample, so that a laboratory analyst will be aware that the
time limit was breached during that particular sampling instance.
Ie the sample is not valid or is not a validated sample. Exemplary
embodiments for associating data with the sample, e.g., via an ID
on the collecting device or storage container, are described in
more detail below.
[0200] Alternatively, instead of setting a predetermined time limit
or timer, the sampler could record two time stamps, one at the time
the animal tag is scanned, and another at the time the sample is
taken. The duration between the two time stamps may then be
assessed, e.g., at the laboratory, to determine if too much time
elapsed between these two events. The sample may then be treated as
non-validated sample.
[0201] Preferably, the identification of these events (i.e.,
capturing the animal ID and taking the sample) is performed
automatically by the sampler or associated portable device, and
cannot be modified by the user. For example, a proximity or
magnetic switch 1550 may be provided in a suitable location to
confirm that the collecting device 250 or punch 251 has moved,
e.g., out of magazine 200, or into storage container 500. This
automatic detection can therefore be linked unambiguously to the
sampling action.
[0202] It will be appreciated that other means of detecting the
sampling action may also be suitable, e.g., as will be discussed in
more detail below, the sample ID reader may be positioned to only
capture the ID of the actual collecting device while it is moving
to take a sample or after it has moved into the storage container
after taking a sample. Accordingly, the time of the reading of the
sample ID could be used as an unambiguous confirmation of the
sampling action.
[0203] The required scanning process may either require the animal
identification data to be captured before or after taking the
sample. Where the scan is done after taking the sample, the
procedure would not prohibit a sample from being taken (e.g., by
deactivating the sampler) if the time limit is breached, but the
sample could be tagged with data warning tags as described
above.
[0204] For extra security, a multi-scan process may be implemented.
For example, the user may be required to scan the animal tag, take
the sample, then re-scan the animal tag. Optionally, this must all
be done within a predetermined time period. This will help to
reduce the risk of cross-sampling fraud.
[0205] In one embodiment, the animal tag reader 1500 may be
provided integrally with (and permanently attached to) the sampler,
as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
[0206] In another embodiment, the animal tag reader 1500 may be
provided on a reader unit 1000 that is removably attachable to the
body 100 of the sampler, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. In this
embodiment, the detachable reader unit 1000 may also comprise
inbuilt memory storage 1100 and/or means for receiving removable
memory storage, e.g., memory cards, USB, for storing the animal ID.
The animal ID data and other data such as time stamp data may be
written to the memory storage to be recorded thereon.
Alternatively, the reader unit 1000 may transmit the animal ID and
other data to an external device or database without storing the
data on the reader unit 1000.
[0207] The detachable reader unit 1000 may be configured to be
reversibly attached to the sampler via any suitable attachment
means, e.g., snap-fit, interference fit, screw-fit, a lug and slot
connection (as shown in FIGS. 3a to 3c), clamps.
[0208] In a third embodiment, the animal tag reader 1500 may be
physically separate from the sampler. For example, as shown in FIG.
9, the animal tag reader 1500 may comprise a smartphone 2000 or
other portable computing device, having a camera which may function
as a barcode/QR code scanner, and/or having RFID/NFC capabilities
for receiving EID data from the animal tag.
[0209] The smartphone 2000 may run software or applications to
provide a user interface to facilitate the link between the
smartphone and the sampler. Additionally, the smartphone 2000 may
perform some or all of the image recognition and processing of the
captured data. Alternatively, some or all of the raw captured data
may individually or collectively be transmitted (whether via a
wired or wireless connection) to a server or database for further
processing.
[0210] In preferred embodiments, the sampler may be wirelessly
connectable to a smartphone 2000 via, for example, Bluetooth,
Bluetooth low energy (BLE), Wi-Fi, infrared, NFC, mobile networks
such as GSM, GPRS, 3G, 4G LTE, to perform one or more of the
following functions: user authorisation, data transfer, user
interaction. Further, even for the embodiments where the animal tag
reader 1500 is provided on the sampler, the sampler is preferably
able to connect wirelessly with a smartphone or other portable
computing device to facilitate one or more of these functions.
[0211] In alternative embodiments, the sampler may comprise a
holder or other means for temporarily attaching a smartphone 2000
or other portable computing device to the body 100 of the sampler.
In addition to physically mounting the smartphone 2000 to the
sampler, some embodiments may provide means for wired data
connectivity between the two devices (for example, a USB plug
connection) while the smartphone 2000 is mounted to the
sampler.
[0212] In preferred embodiments, the sampler 1, 1', 1'', 1''' also
comprises a sample ID reader 1600 to read, sense, scan, capture
and/or record one or more identification components of the
collecting device 250 and/or storage container 500.
[0213] For example, the plunger 257 or punch 251 of the collecting
device 250 may comprise a machine readable EID tag, such as an RFID
tag. The RFID system may be selected according to the anticipated
manufacturing and use conditions of the sample collector. For
example a typical passive tag, active reader system operating at
low frequency can provide robust identification devices suitable
for embedding in molded plastic components at a unit cost that is
appropriate. Other systems, such as NFC, or passive or active tag
systems operating in the high frequency (HF) or ultra high
frequency (UHF) range may also provide affordable, effective
solutions.
[0214] If the sample ID is transmitted via RF, the electronic ID
transmitted by the tag on the collecting device 250 or storage
container 500 is preferably across a carrier frequency that is
different from the carrier frequency of the animal tag ID (if an
RFID animal tag is used or intended to be used). For example, the
sample ID tag preferably does not operate over 134.2 kHz, which is
the ISO-compliant frequency for the animal EID. This will ensure
that the two tagging systems do not interfere with each other. In
one example, the sample ID system operates at 125 kHz.
[0215] The sample ID reader 1600 may be integrated to the sampler,
or mounted to the sampler, adjacent the position that the sample,
the collecting device 250 or the storage container 500 occupies
before or after the sample has been taken, and/or adjacent the
position that the collecting device 250 passes through while taking
the sample. Examples of suitable locations of the sample ID reader
1600 are shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 respectively.
[0216] In the example of FIGS. 3 and 4, the sample ID reader 1600
may be located on the detachable reader unit 1000, adjacent where
the collecting device 250 moves into the storage container 5000
when the sample is taken.
[0217] Preferably, if a magazine 200 of collecting devices/punches
is provided, the device has means for selectively reading only the
ID of the actual collecting device 250 or punch 251 that is
currently being used to take the sample. For example, the other
collecting devices/punches may be shielded from being scanned by
the sample ID reader 1600, e.g., by manufacturing (at least part
of) the magazine from an RFID blocking material, Faraday's
cage.
[0218] In another example, the sample ID reader may be tuned to
very close range, such that it only reads a collecting device 250
or punch 251 that is directly adjacent to it (this being the
collecting device/punch that has been moved into position, ready
for use).
[0219] In another example, the sample ID reader is located away
from the pre-use position of the collecting devices/punches, and
positioned adjacent where the collecting device 250 or punch 251
will pass through while taking the sample, or where the collecting
device 250 will end up after taking the sample. One advantage of
this embodiment is that this provides a means for automatically and
unambiguously detecting the sampling action. The exact time of the
sampling action may therefore be linked to the time that the sample
ID reader captures the sample ID, and this data may be used to
implement the restricted time limit between capturing the animal ID
and taking the sample, as described above.
[0220] In cases where the sample ID is not an electronic ID, e.g.,
it may be a barcode, QR code, the sample ID reader is configured to
scan/read the sample ID as appropriate, e.g., the sample ID reader
may be a camera, barcode scanner, smartphone with camera.
[0221] In some embodiments, the sampler may comprise GPS or other
3D positional recording or tracking systems for providing location
data. Additionally or alternatively, the sampler may also comprise
other forms of positioning technology to provide location data,
including but not limited to cell phone network based
triangulation, Wi-Fi-based geolocation by the correlation of the
SSID, MAC address or other identifiers of the Wi-Fi access point
with a public or private database of locations associated with the
Wi-Fi access point.
[0222] Where Wi-Fi geolocation is used, this form of positional
information may be supplemented with one or more other commonly
used localisation techniques. Such techniques may include the
estimation of position based on signal strength from one or more
access points, fingerprinting, angle of arrival based techniques
where more than one antenna or access point is available, or time
of flight techniques.
[0223] For example, the sampler may comprise a GPS or other
positioning technology module 1700 to obtain or estimate the
location where a sample was taken. The positioning technology
module may be provided either as a component either separate and
preferably connectable or associable with the handheld body of the
sampler, or may be integral with the handheld body of the sampler.
Where provided separate from the handheld body, the positioning
technology module 1700 may be provided by the smart phone 2000,
where present. It is contemplated that the positioning technology
module 1700 may additionally be provided by any other commonly
available device capable of
[0224] In the case where the positioning technology module 1700 is
provided by the smart phone 2000, the smart phone may be located
near to the sampler, such that the location data may be transmitted
to the sampler. In order to prevent fraud by the recording of
location data not sufficiently close to the actual location of the
sampling, it may be preferable to limit the range within which the
smart phone 2000 may communicate with the sampler. Such a range
limitation may be provided by using short-distance communication
protocol, such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. Alternatively, it may be
provided by requiring a wired connection between the sampler and
smart phone. In these cases, the smart phone may be carried by the
user while sampling, or may be located nearby such as on a fence
post, in a nearby vehicle.
[0225] Additional security measures may optionally be employed,
e.g., back-up position tracking systems, additional cell tower
metadata, assisted GPS, to prevent GPS spoofing fraud, verify the
collected location data, and/or increase accuracy of the location
data.
[0226] In the preferred form is contemplated that the accuracy of
location data is desired to be such that it is possible to
distinguish between farms or regions within farms, or individual
ocean areas, but not necessarily to the level of individual animals
or plants. However, in alternative forms more accurate location
data may be able to be provided, such that it is possible to
determine between specific areas of land or sea.
[0227] The location data may then be recorded and linked to the
sample (e.g. sample ID, animal ID, other relevant information
associated with the particular sample). This linking of the data
may be performed onboard the sampler, via a connected device such
as a smartphone 2000, and/or after the datasets have been
transferred to a server or database.
[0228] Where the location data is linked to the sample it may be
desirable, in order to prevent fraud, to provide a time limit
between the sample being taken and the sampler acquiring the
location data from the positioning technology module 1700. If the
time between the sample being taken and the acquiring of the
location data exceeds the time limit, the sampler may either reject
the sample or record this information for assessment at the
laboratory. This may go at least some way in preventing fraud by
sampling of an animal in a first location, but the provision of
location information from a second location.
[0229] In addition to measuring a time between sampling and the
provision of the location information from the positioning
technology module 1700 the sampler may require that the location
data be timestamped within a particular time period. This may
further prevent the spoofing of positioning information and the
recording by the sampler of inaccurate location data.
[0230] At the laboratory the time timestamps and locations of each
recorded sample location may be compared against the time between
each related sample, in order to determine if the distances
travelled between each successive sampling was possible in that
amount of time. Where this analysis is conducted, some leeway may
be provided dependent on the accuracy and type of positioning
technology that is utilised.
[0231] In addition to the location data, other information such as
time and date, images of the sample location, may be captured
immediately before, during or immediately after the sample is
taken, and the data linked with each other to provide a
comprehensive collection of data tags associated with a particular
sample. For example, actuating the trigger of the sampler to take
the sample may simultaneously initiate the recording of these
additional data.
[0232] Increasing the number and variety of data tags associated
with a particular sample will generally increase the security of
the sampling process, sample tracking and sample processing.
Further, automating the collection of these data will reduce labour
costs by eliminating or reducing steps which may previously have
been done manually, such as writing down the date and time as each
sample is taken.
[0233] Location data or other information, as described above, that
is captured and associated with a particular sample may be stored
on the sample tube 500, or may be recorded on the sampler itself,
or on a connected device such as a smartphone 2000, where present.
Recorded data on the sampler or connected device may be
instantaneously uploaded to a desired location for review at the
laboratory, or may be manually uploaded, such as by reading the
data off a memory card associated with the sampler, at a later
time.
[0234] Where location data or other information is associated with
a sample and stored or transmitted, it may first be encrypted by
either the sampler or associated connected device prior to storage
or transmission. This encryption may assist in preventing
fraudulent modification of the data, such as by the insertion of a
falsified data stream. The information required for decrypting the
data may be provided at an authorised end source, such as a
laboratory where the samples are reviewed.
[0235] An additional layer of security may be provided by requiring
operator authentication prior to using the sampler, and/or prior to
taking a sample. Operator login may be performed via direct
operator input to the sampler, via switches, touch screens,
keypads, provided on the sampler. Alternatively, the operator may
instead log in via an application on a connected device such as a
smartphone 2000.
[0236] Alternatively, instead of operator input, the user's
credentials may be obtained by sensing, reading, and/or recognising
one or more identifiers associated with the user, such as a
barcode, QR code, EID on a user's ID card, and/or biometric data
such as the user's thumbprint, eye scan.
[0237] For particularly high risk situations, the user may be
prompted to input user credentials intermittently or regularly
throughout the entire sampling process. Preferably, in such cases,
the sampler and/or connected device may be configurable such that
the frequency of the user input prompts may be varied depending on
the security required for a particular situation.
[0238] The embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate one
particular configuration of a sampler 1'' comprising a standalone
reader unit 1000, which is attachable and detachable from the
sampler body 100. This reader unit 1000 preferably comprises the
animal tag reader 1500, the sample ID reader 1600 and memory
storage 1100. In some embodiments, the reader unit 1000 may further
comprise processing system including a communication module, e.g.,
for wireless communication with a smartphone. The detachable reader
unit 1000 may also comprise a GPS module 1700, or other position
tracking components. The detachable reader unit 1000 may also
comprise a camera 1800 which, in some cases, may function as animal
ID reader 1500 and/or sample ID reader 1600.
[0239] Accordingly, the detachable reader unit 1000 may comprise
essentially all the "smart" components of sampler 1''. The reader
unit 1000 may be standalone, in that it may be powered by its own
battery 1900, which may be rechargeable via any known method, such
as a removable rechargeable battery, USB charging, wall socket
charging, inductive charging. The reader unit 1000 is preferably
completely sealed and weather resistant, water resistant or
waterproof.
[0240] Further, as the reader unit 1000 preferably contains its own
memory storage 1100, e.g. inbuilt memory or removable memory, the
reader unit 1000 may be hot swappable from the sampler while the
sampler remains in operation. That is, the reader unit 1000 may be
replaced with another reader unit while the sampler remains in
operation. This may be done when the memory storage 1100 is full,
so that the data may then be uploaded to a server or database.
[0241] While preferably provided attachable and detachable to the
sampler body 100, it is contemplated that the reader unit 1000 may
be provided by the on-board functions or connected functions of a
smart phone 2000 where present, or may alternatively be provided as
another separate element, not attachable or detachable to the
sampler body 100. In the example of a smart phone 2000, the reader
unit 1000 may also be able to be attached and detached to the
sampler body 100, or may be provided proximate to the sampler body.
For example, where the reader unit 1000 is comprised by the smart
phone 2000 and/or other devices connected to it, the smart phone
may be worn the user who is conducting the sampling, on the body or
in their clothes.
[0242] Where the reader unit 1000 is comprised by the smart phone
2000 and/or other commonly available devices connected to it,
[0243] Where the reader unit 1000 is not attachable or detachable
to the sampler body 100 it may be provided proximate to the sampler
such that it is still able to receive and record animal ID
information from the sampler. The sampler and reader unit 1000 may
communicate by any commonly used communication platforms such as
RF, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth.
[0244] While not attached to the sampler body, the reader unit 1000
would preferably be sufficiently proximate to facilitate
communication between the sampler and reader unit. For example, the
reader unit 1000 may be located on the person of the user of the
sampler, on the ground or a fence post nearby to where the sampling
is taking place, or in or on a vehicle nearby.
[0245] In some embodiments as illustrated in FIG. 6, the
standalone, hot swappable "smart" reader unit 1000 may be removed
from the sampler, and the sampler used without the smart reader
unit. In one example, a replacement storage container holder 2200
may be attached to the front of the sampler, so that the sampler
may then operate as a basic, "non-smart" device. This "non-smart"
storage container holder 2200 may comprise a holder for a single
storage container 500, or may comprise a magazine for holding a
plurality of storage containers 500.
[0246] This allows for increased versatility of the sampler, for
adapting to different environments depending on the security risk.
That is, for high risk, high security environments, the sampler may
be used with the "smart" reader unit 1000 to provide an additional
level of security and reduce the risk of tampering, while for lower
risk environments, the reader unit 1000 may be removed (and
optionally replaced with a standard sample tube holder 2200) to
perform less secure, but quicker and (potentially more
cost-effective) sampling. Accordingly, this provides several
options for the user, i.e., a basic, low-cost system, which may be
subsequently upgraded to a "smart" system if/when required.
[0247] In some embodiments, the sampler body 100 may not comprise a
power supply and/or electronic components, and therefore relies on
the detachable reader unit 1000 for the "smart" components of the
system.
[0248] In other embodiments, the standalone, hot swappable "smart"
reader unit 1000 may be configured to receive both the storage
container 500 and collecting device 250. For example, the cassette
303 received by the sampler 1''' may be provided in two different
forms, a "smart" cassette comprising, e.g., animal ID reader 1500
and/or sample ID reader 1600, memory storage 1100, (as illustrated
in FIG. 5a) and a basic "non-smart" cassette. That is, the sampler
1''' may be configured to receive either a "smart" cassette/reader
unit, or a basic "non-smart" cassette which would still allow the
sampler to perform the basic sampling procedure.
[0249] Where the sampler operates as a basic, "non-smart" device, a
separate smart device 2000 may be provided in order to provide at
least some of the herein described smarts of the system. For
example, where the smart device is capable of reading RFID tags,
the smart device may be used to scan a EID tag, such as an RFID
tag, on the plunger 257 or punch 251 of the collecting device 250
or the punch 251, then also taken an associated animal ID. The
associated animal ID may also be in the form of an RFID tag, or may
be in the form of any one or more of the other forms of animal ID
herein described.
[0250] Specifically, the smart device may scan the RFID tag of a
collecting device 250 or punch 251, then also take a location data
point from the on-board positioning systems of the smart phone.
These pieces of information may then be associated with each other
and stored on the smart device, for later transfer or analysis.
[0251] Any one or more other forms of animal ID may also be taken
simultaneously, or preferably within a predetermined time period.
For example, the user may take a photograph of the animal using the
smart device 2000. Where additional animal ID is to be provided by
the user, a maximum time threshold after sampling, or after the
scanning of the collecting device or punch, may be required in
order for the animal ID to be validly recorded. As herein
described, if the time threshold is not met then the smart device
2000 may reject the sample and require re-sampling, or may record
the fact that the threshold was surpassed along with the other
animal ID information.
[0252] In order to prevent fraud, and ensure that the collecting
device 250 or punch 251 which are scanned by the smart device are
associated with the correct sample, either or both of the smart
device and sampler may be configured such that the collecting
device 250 or punch 251 may only be scanned during the sampling
process. Such a configuration may involve shielding of the
collecting device or punch prior to sampling, or a particular
location of the smart device 2000 in relation to the sampler
body.
[0253] In the embodiment where the sampler operates as a "basic",
"non-smart" device, and a separate smart device 2000 is provided,
the one or more forms of animal ID which may be sensed or captured
by the smart device may either be stored on the smart device, for
immediate or deferred transmission to a desired repository, such as
the laboratory, or may be transmitted to and stored on the
associated collecting device 250 or punch 251.
[0254] FIGS. 7 and 8 are schematic flow charts that detail
particular exemplary embodiments of the sampling device and the
sampling process. It will be appreciated that the steps and
sequencing depicted in these flow charts are provided for
explanatory purposes. Accordingly, any one or more of the
components or steps described may be modified or eliminated, and/or
the steps of the process may be rearranged in a different order as
appropriate without departing from the scope of the invention.
[0255] With reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, processing unit such as
microprocessor 1150 controls the operation of the sampler, such
that on wake up (e.g., after accepting user credentials) it may
first query the location coordinates of the sampler, by accessing
GPS module 1700 (if provided). As discussed, alternatives to the
GPS module may be other positional tracking or triangulation
systems, acquired through user input.
[0256] In one example, the most recent location coordinates stored
in microprocessor memory 1160 is used as the initial location
variable, and this is periodically updated by the GPS module 1700.
In some embodiments, while the GPS module is searching for location
data, an LED 1180 or other audio, visual or haptic feedback
component on the sampler 1, 1', 1'', 1''' returns a signal that the
GPS is locked and/or warming up, so that the user is informed to
wait until the GPS has successfully returned the GPS
coordinates.
[0257] Once the GPS coordinates have been returned, the user may
then insert a storage container 500 into the storage container
holder 300. In some embodiments, inserting the storage container
triggers a micro switch 1170 or other switch, which then triggers
the next step of the operation (e.g., reading the animal tag).
Triggering of the micro switch may help to conserve the battery of
the sampling device (by turning the animal tag reader 1500 and/or
sample ID reader 1600 off when not needed), and/or to ensure that
the sample is taken only when a storage container 500 is in
place.
[0258] In alternative embodiments, the storage container 500 may be
inserted before or while the GPS module or other positioning
technology is obtaining the GPS coordinates or other location
information. In this case, a micro switch need not be provided, and
the sampler may be ready to use as soon as the GPS coordinates have
been obtained. It will also be appreciated that the GPS requirement
may be overridden by an authorised user, e.g., for use in locations
where GPS signals may be weak or unavailable. It is preferable that
the override to allow sampling to continue without location data is
only able to be operated when the signal or information required to
determine positioning is not available, or is below a desired
threshold, for a predetermined period of time, or by a user having
sufficient privileges.
[0259] In high-risk environments it may be preferable to omit the
override, so that the sampling may not continue without location
data being provided. In such a situation, in order to ensure that
the sampler is able to be used in the maximum number of physical
locations, such as indoors or where there is legitimately no
capacity to acquire location data, it may be preferable to provide
the sampler with multiple positioning technologies, or provide
alternative forms of animal ID that must be provided in place of
the location data. Where alternative forms of animal ID may be
provided, it is preferable that they are only available after a
predetermined time has passed with no location data being able to
be acquired.
[0260] In some embodiments where a magazine of collecting devices
is not provided, e.g., as shown in FIG. 2, a new collecting device
250 or punch 251 must be individually inserted before taking the
next sample. The collecting device/punch may be inserted into the
sampler 1 either before or after the storage container 500 has been
inserted into the storage container holder 300.
[0261] In other embodiments where a magazine of collecting devices
is provided in the sampler, e.g., as shown in FIG. 1, the user may
actuate (e.g., rotate) the magazine to position a new collecting
device 250 in place, either before or after the storage container
500 has been inserted into the storage container holder.
[0262] Corresponding visual, audio or haptic feedback, e.g., via
LED 1180 may be provided to prompt the user to insert the tube 500
and/or collecting device/punch, and subsequently to notify the user
that the device is ready to scan the animal tag 2100.
[0263] The user then scans/captures the animal ID (e.g., via RFID,
or by taking a picture or barcode scan) and the animal ID is stored
in memory 1160. At this stage, a timer may be activated which
starts the countdown to the predetermined time limit during which
the sample has to be taken. This countdown may be indicated to the
user via audio, visual or haptic feedback.
[0264] The user then takes the sample, e.g., by activating the
trigger/handle of the sampler 1, 1', 1'', 1''' to drive the punch
251 or collecting device 250 across or through the item or animal
to remove the sample, and then into the storage container 500. As
the punch 251 or collecting device 250 passes through the sample ID
reader 1600, the ID of the punch 251 or collecting device 250 is
read and stored in memory, e.g., memory storage 1100 of reader
unit. A time stamp may be recorded simultaneously, or at any other
time during the sampling process, as long as the time stamp is
unambiguously associated with the individual sample taken.
[0265] If however, the sample is not taken within the time limit
set by the timer, the microprocessor 1150 may initialise any one or
more of the following responses. In one embodiment, a warning may
be displayed to the user via visual, audio or haptic feedback.
Micro switch 1170 may then switch off and the user is prompted to
enter a password (or other response, e.g., remove the storage
container and reposition it in place in the storage container
holder 300) to reactivate the micro switch. This may then
reactivate the animal tag reader 1500 and the user is then prompted
to rescan the animal tag and subsequently take the sample within
the time limit.
[0266] In another embodiment, after the visual, audio or haptic
warning is activated, the user may be prompted to rescan the animal
tag, and the rescanned ID replacing the original ID variable in
memory 1160. Subsequently the user may then take the animal sample
within the time limit.
[0267] In another embodiment, after the visual, audio or haptic
warning is activated, the user may continue to take the sample, but
a data warning tag is generated, linked to the sample, and stored
in memory. This way, when the data is processed subsequently, the
analyst will be alerted to the fact that that particular sample was
taken outside of the prescribed time limit. This step of generating
a data warning tag may be applied to any of the above response
processes.
[0268] In another embodiment, a first time stamp is recorded at the
time when the animal ID is captured and a second time stamp
recorded at the time the sample is taken (or vice versa depending
on the sampling procedure, i.e., if the user is required to first
take a sample before recording the animal ID, a first time stamp
may be recorded as the sample is taken, and the second time stamp
recorded when the animal ID is captured). At the laboratory, the
time stamp data may be analysed to flag which (if any) samples were
processed outside of the required time limit.
[0269] The time stamp recording may additionally or alternatively
be used to record other steps of the sampling process, e.g.,
recording of sample ID, sealing of the sample tube, entering and
authentication of user credentials, and the time duration between
any two steps may be analysed (whether directly by the processor on
the reader unit, or at the laboratory).
[0270] In one embodiment, a warning may also be provided if the ID
of the punch 251 or collecting device 250 is not successfully
obtained. This may occur, for example if the magazine of collecting
devices is empty and needs to be refilled, or if the RFID of the
punch or collecting device 250 was not properly scanned/captured.
In such cases, a visual, audio or haptic warning may be activated,
and the user may be prompted to insert a new collecting device 250,
and restart the entire sampling process.
[0271] In some embodiments where the sample tube 500 is sealed with
a seal 260 in a two-step process, as described in relation to
sampler 1''' above, the time between taking the sample and sealing
the sample tube 500 may additionally or alternatively be
restricted. That is, the or another timer may be activated (or a
second time stamp recorded) when the sampler 1''' is actuated to
drive the collecting device 250 and take the sample. The timer may
stop or a time stamp recorded when the sampler 1''' is actuated to
drive the seal into the sample tube 500, and if this step is not
within a pre-set time limit, this may trigger one or more
responses, e.g., deactivation of the sampler, audio, visual, haptic
feedback, as described above in relation to the duration between
capturing of animal ID and taking the sample.
[0272] Alternatively, as described above, if the time between
taking a sample and sealing the sample tube exceeds the time limit,
a warning data tag may be recorded and reviewed at the
laboratory.
[0273] Alternatively, a first time stamp may be recorded when the
sample is taken and/or a first time stamp may be recorded when the
animal ID is captured, a second time stamp recorded when the sample
tube is capped, and the time stamp data associated with the sample
in memory, to be subsequently analysed at the laboratory.
[0274] In preferred embodiments, each sample taken has an
associated record of data, which may be stored in memory or
transmitted to an external device. The record of data comprises at
least i) the animal ID and ii) sample identification information.
In some embodiments, the sample identification information is
associated with the collecting device and/or storage container
(e.g., via machine readable code or EID on the collecting device
and/or storage container). In other embodiments, the sample
identification information could be a linked to the specific order
in which an ordered/numbered array of collecting devices and/or
storage containers is provided to the sampler.
[0275] In some embodiments, the record of data further comprises
additional information associated with the sample as described
above, e.g., time stamps, data warning tags, photographs, GPS data,
user credentials, Accordingly, each sample may be automatically
associated with a record of multiple pieces of information related
to the particular sample, to improve the efficiency and security of
the sampling process and prevent fraud.
[0276] Once the full sampling process for one animal is completed,
the data stored in the microprocessor memory 1160 may be
transferred to memory storage 1100. The device may then be
initialised for the next sample, e.g., the microprocessor memory
1160 may be erased. To conserve battery, the microprocessor may put
the device into sleep or standby mode if the sampler is not used
for a predetermined time period, e.g., 30 minutes. Upon wake up
(which may be performed via user login, activating a switch,
inserting the storage container 500) the microprocessor may
activate GPS module 1700 to update the GPS coordinates, as
discussed above.
[0277] Where a visual, audio or haptic feedback or warning is
indicated in the description above, it should be understood that
the feedback may be unique to the particular event or a set of
related events, e.g., a specific LED colour, a specific number or
pattern of audio beeps, to help the user identify the exact
issue/event that is occurring. In another example, the feedback or
warning may be displayed on the user interface of a connected
device, e.g., smartphone 2000. The preferred methods herein
described help improve tamper resistance of the sampling
process.
[0278] The foregoing description of the invention includes
preferred forms thereof. Modifications may be made thereto without
departing from the scope of the invention.
* * * * *