U.S. patent application number 16/156066 was filed with the patent office on 2019-04-11 for sulfate free personal cleansing composition comprising low inorganic salt.
The applicant listed for this patent is The Procter & Gamble Company. Invention is credited to Andrei Sergeevich Bureiko, Brooke Michele Cochran, Howard David Hutton, III, Peter Herbert Koenig, Brian Xiaoqing Song.
Application Number | 20190105246 16/156066 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 64051715 |
Filed Date | 2019-04-11 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20190105246 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Cochran; Brooke Michele ; et
al. |
April 11, 2019 |
SULFATE FREE PERSONAL CLEANSING COMPOSITION COMPRISING LOW
INORGANIC SALT
Abstract
Personal cleansing compositions having an anionic surfactant,
cationic deposition polymer, a level of inorganic salt of from
about 0 to about 1 wt %, and an aqueous carrier. The composition is
substantially free of sulfate containing surfactants. The
composition can further comprise amphoteric surfactants. The
composition remains phase stable, and minimizes coacervate
formulation until after dilution with water.
Inventors: |
Cochran; Brooke Michele;
(Cincinnati, OH) ; Song; Brian Xiaoqing; (Mason,
OH) ; Hutton, III; Howard David; (Oregonia, OH)
; Bureiko; Andrei Sergeevich; (Cincinnati, OH) ;
Koenig; Peter Herbert; (Montgomery, OH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
The Procter & Gamble Company |
Cincinnati |
OH |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
64051715 |
Appl. No.: |
16/156066 |
Filed: |
October 10, 2018 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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62570377 |
Oct 10, 2017 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61Q 5/12 20130101; A61K
2800/87 20130101; A61K 2800/596 20130101; A61K 8/046 20130101; A61K
8/89 20130101; A61K 2800/5426 20130101; A61Q 5/006 20130101; A61K
8/731 20130101; A61K 2800/262 20130101; A61K 8/442 20130101; A61K
8/817 20130101; A61Q 19/10 20130101; A61K 8/20 20130101; A61Q 5/02
20130101; A61K 8/466 20130101; A61K 8/44 20130101; A61K 8/737
20130101; A61K 2800/30 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/04 20060101
A61K008/04; A61K 8/46 20060101 A61K008/46; A61K 8/44 20060101
A61K008/44; A61K 8/81 20060101 A61K008/81; A61K 8/73 20060101
A61K008/73; A61K 8/20 20060101 A61K008/20; A61K 8/89 20060101
A61K008/89; A61Q 5/02 20060101 A61Q005/02; A61Q 5/12 20060101
A61Q005/12; A61Q 19/10 20060101 A61Q019/10 |
Claims
1. A cleansing composition comprising: from about 3 wt % to about
35 wt % of an anionic surfactant; from about 3 wt % to about 15% of
an amphoteric surfactant; from about 0.01 wt % to about 2 wt % of a
cationic polymer; from about 0 wt % to about 1.0 wt % of inorganic
salts; an aqueous carrier, wherein the composition is substantially
free of sulfate based surfactant.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the anionic surfactant is
selected from the group consisting of sodium, ammonium or potassium
salts of isethionates; sodium, ammonium or potassium salts of
sulfonates; sodium, ammonium or potassium salts of ether
sulfonates; sodium, ammonium or potassium salts of sulfosuccinates;
sodium, ammonium or potassium salts of sulfoacetates; sodium,
ammonium or potassium salts of glycinates; sodium, ammonium or
potassium salts of sarcosinates; sodium, ammonium or potassium
salts of glutamates; sodium, ammonium or potassium salts of
alaninates; sodium, ammonium or potassium salts of carboxylates;
sodium, ammonium or potassium salts of taurates; sodium, ammonium
or potassium salts of phosphate esters; and combinations
thereof.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the cationic polymer has a
weight average molecular weight of from about 300,000 g/mol to
about 3,000,000 g/mol.
4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the cationic polymer is
selected from the group consisting of cationic guars, cationic
cellulose, cationic synthetic homopolymers, cationic synthetic
copolymers, and combinations thereof.
5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the cationic polymer is
selected from the group consisting of hyroxypropyltrimonium guar,
Polyquaternium 10, Polyquaternium 6, and combinations thereof.
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the inorganic salt is
selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, potassium
chloride, sodium sulfate, ammonium chloride, sodium bromide, and
combinations thereof.
7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a
viscosity lower than about 5000 cps.
8. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition is delivered
as a foam.
9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the composition comprises a
propellant.
11. The composition of claim 8, wherein the foam is delivered from
a mechanical pump foamer.
12. The composition of claim 1 further comprising silicone
conditioning agents
13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the silicone conditioning
agent is an emulsion with particle size lower than about 30
microns.
14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the inorganic salt level is
from about 0 wt % to about 0.9 wt %.
15. The composition of claim 14, wherein the inorganic salt level
is from about 0 wt % to about 0.8 wt %.
16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the inorganic salt level
is from about 0 wt % to about 0.2 wt %.
17. The composition of claim 1, wherein the amphoteric surfactant
is selected from the group consisting of betaines, sultaines,
hydroxysultanes, amphohydroxypropyl sulfonates, alkyl amphoactates,
alkyl amphodiacetates and combination thereof.
18. A cleansing composition comprising: from about 5 wt % to about
35 wt % of an anionic surfactant selected from amino acid based
surfactants; from about 0.01 wt % to about 2 wt % cationic polymer;
from about 0 wt % to about 1.0 wt % of inorganic salts; an aqueous
carrier, wherein the composition is substantially free of sulfate
based surfactant.
19. The composition of claim 18, wherein the anionic surfactant is
selected from the group consisting of sodium, ammonium or potassium
salts of acyl glycinates; sodium, ammonium or potassium salts of
acyl sarcosinates; sodium, ammonium or potassium salts of acyl
glutamates; sodium, ammonium or potassium salts of acyl alaninates
and combinations thereof.
20. The composition of claim 18, further comprises an amphoteric
surfactants.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to stable personal
cleansing compositions which are formulated with anionic
surfactants substantially free from sulfates, amphoteric or
amphoteric surfactants, cationic deposition polymers and a low
level of inorganic salt.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Most commercial cleansing compositions, such as shampoo
compositions, comprise sulfate-based surfactant systems because of
their effectiveness in generating high lather volume and good
lather stability and cleaning. However, some consumers may prefer a
shampoo composition that is substantially free of sulfate-based
surfactant systems. In addition, sulfate free shampoos users prefer
high conditioning shampoos because higher conditioning shampoos
feel less stripping to the hair. Conditioning shampoos based on
sulfate based surfactant systems typically contain cationic
conditioning polymers to form coacervate with the sulfate based
surfactant system during use. However, it can be difficult to use
non-sulfate based surfactants in liquid shampoos because it can be
difficult to formulate a composition that has acceptable lather
volume, cleansing, conditioning benefit, stability. One common
problem is that using certain cationic conditioning polymers in
products that are substantially free of sulfate containing
surfactants can result in instability. In particular, a second
phase known as surfactant-polymer coacervate can be formed in the
composition (rather than the desired formation during use) as the
result of interaction between the cationic polymer and the
non-sulfate anionic surfactants. This is observed by the consumer
as a cloudy product or a product with a precipitated layer, which
is not consumer preferred. Presence of coacervate in the cleaning
compositions can lead to separation upon storage, causing
inconsistent performance in use. Thus, there is a need to formulate
stable shampoo products comprising anionic non-sulfated
surfactants, amphoteric surfactant and cationic polymers without
forming the coacervate phase in the product, yet a coacervate is
formed when diluted with water during use, such as during
shampooing, delivering desired wet conditioning benefits on hair.
There is also a need to be able to formulate versions of these
products without the use of a rheology modifier or a thickener.
This need is even more important for products that have low
viscosity, such as foamed products delivered via an aerosol device
or a mechanical former, such as a pump. The viscosity of such
compositions may be significantly lower than the typical liquid
shampoos.
[0003] It has been surprisingly found that stable products that
exhibit good spreadability and good conditioning can be
achieved.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0004] A cleansing composition comprising from about 3 wt % and
from about 35 wt % of an anionic surfactant; from about 3 wt % to
about 15% of an amphoteric surfactant; from about 0.01 wt % to
about 2 wt % cationic polymer; from about 0 wt % to about 1.0 wt %
of inorganic salts; an aqueous carrier; wherein the composition is
substantially free of sulfate based surfactant.
[0005] A cleansing composition comprising: from about 5 wt % to
about 35 wt % of an anionic surfactant selected from amino acid
based surfactants; from about 0.01 wt % to about 2 wt % cationic
polymer; from about 0 wt % to about 1.0 wt % of inorganic salts; an
aqueous carrier, wherein the composition is substantially free of
sulfate based surfactant.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0006] While the specification concludes with claims particularly
pointing out and distinctly claiming the invention, it is believed
that the present disclosure will be better understood from the
following description.
[0007] As used herein, the term "fluid" includes liquids and
gels.
[0008] As used herein, the articles including "a" and "an" when
used in a claim, are understood to mean one or more of what is
claimed or described.
[0009] As used herein, "comprising" means that other steps and
other ingredients which do not affect the end result can be added.
This term encompasses the terms "consisting of" and "consisting
essentially of".
[0010] As used herein, "mixtures" is meant to include a simple
combination of materials and any compounds that may result from
their combination.
[0011] As used herein, "molecular weight" or "M.Wt." refers to the
weight average molecular weight unless otherwise stated. Molecular
weight is measured using industry standard method, gel permeation
chromatography ("GPC"). The molecular weight has units of
grams/mol.
[0012] As used herein, "cleansing composition" includes personal
cleansing products such as shampoos, conditioners, conditioning
shampoos, shower gels, liquid hand cleansers, facial cleansers, and
other surfactant-based liquid compositions.
[0013] As used herein, the terms "include," "includes," and
"including," are meant to be non-limiting and are understood to
mean "comprise," "comprises," and "comprising," respectively.
[0014] All percentages, parts and ratios are based upon the total
weight of the compositions of the present invention, unless
otherwise specified. All such weights as they pertain to listed
ingredients are based on the active level and, therefore, do not
include carriers or by-products that may be included in
commercially available materials.
[0015] Unless otherwise noted, all component or composition levels
are in reference to the active portion of that component or
composition, and are exclusive of impurities, for example, residual
solvents or by-products, which may be present in commercially
available sources of such components or compositions.
[0016] It should be understood that every maximum numerical
limitation given throughout this specification includes every lower
numerical limitation, as if such lower numerical limitations were
expressly written herein. Every minimum numerical limitation given
throughout this specification will include every higher numerical
limitation, as if such higher numerical limitations were expressly
written herein. Every numerical range given throughout this
specification will include every narrower numerical range that
falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower
numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.
Cleansing Compositions
[0017] Typically, inorganic salt is added to sulfated surfactant
based cleansing formulations to thicken the product. It has been
surprisingly found that adding inorganic salt to the formulas that
are substantially free of sulfate containing surfactants and/or
using high inorganic salt containing sulfate free surfactants in
the presence of cationic conditioning polymer can cause product
instability due to formation of a gel-like surfactant-polymer
complex known as coacervate in the composition. By maintaining low
inorganic salt concentration in formulas (from about 0 to about 1
wt %) the instability issue in sulfate free formulations comprising
anionic surfactant and high molecular weight cationic polymer is
resolved. The inorganic salt can include sodium chloride, potassium
chloride, sodium sulfate, ammonium chloride, sodium bromide, and
combinations thereof. The solution is to avoid or minimize adding
extra inorganic salt to the formula and/or by using low inorganic
salt containing raw materials. For example, commercially available
sulfate free surfactants such as disodium cocoyl glutamate
typically comes with high levels of inorganic salt such as 5% or
higher Amphoteric surfactant such as betaines or sultaines also
typically come with high levels of inorganic salt such as NaCl. Use
of these high salt containing raw materials in sulfate-free
surfactant based cleaning formulations in excess of about 1% total
NaCl in the formulation can cause formation of undesired coacervate
in the product. If the inorganic salt level is lowered in the
surfactant raw materials so that total salt in the composition is
less than about 1% or lower, a stable 1-phase product can be
formulated. Whereas, if the regular material with high inorganic
salt is used, the product is cloudy, 2-phase, and unstable. The
cloudy 2-phase product is likely the result of a gel-like
precipitate formed between the anionic surfactant and high
molecular weight cationic polymer known as coacervate. The solution
described herein prevents the undesired coacervate formation in
product while on the shelf (before use), and yet forms coacervate
when needed, during use after dilution, to deliver consumer desired
wet conditioning.
[0018] The formation of coacervate upon dilution of the cleansing
composition with water, rather than while in the bottle on the
shelf, is important to improving wet conditioning and deposition of
various conditioning actives, especially those that have small
droplet sizes (i.e., .ltoreq.2 microns). In order to form
coacervate at the right time (upon dilution during use) cleansing
compositions comprising anionic surfactants substantially free of
sulfates, amphoteric surfactants and cationic polymers should
maintain an inorganic salt level of less than 1%.
[0019] The cleansing composition has less than 1 wt % of inorganic
salt; alternatively from about 0 wt % to about 0.9 wt % of
inorganic salt, alternatively from about 0 wt % to about 0.8 wt %
of inorganic salt, alternatively from about 0 wt % to about 0.5 wt
%, and alternatively from about 0 wt % to about 0.2 wt %.
[0020] A. Surfactant
[0021] The cleansing compositions described herein can include one
or more surfactants in the surfactant system. The one or more
surfactants can be substantially free of sulfate-based surfactants.
As can be appreciated, surfactants provide a cleaning benefit to
soiled articles such as hair, skin, and hair follicles by
facilitating the removal of oil and other soils. Surfactants
generally facilitate such cleaning due to their amphiphilic nature
which allows for the surfactants to break up, and form micelles
around, oil and other soils which can then be rinsed out, thereby
removing them from the soiled article. Suitable surfactants for a
cleansing composition can include anionic moieties to allow for the
formation of a coacervate with a cationic polymer. The surfactant
can be selected from anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants,
zwitterionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, and combinations
thereof.
[0022] Cleansing compositions typically employ sulfate-based
surfactant systems (such as, but not limited to, sodium lauryl
sulfate) because of their effectiveness in lather production,
stability, clarity and cleansing. The cleansing compositions
described herein are substantially free of sulfate-based
surfactants. "Substantially free" of sulfate based surfactants as
used herein means from about 0 wt % to about 3 wt %, alternatively
from about 0 wt % to about 2 wt %, alternatively from about 0 wt %
to about 1 wt %, alternatively from about 0 wt % to about 0.5 wt %,
alternatively from about 0 wt % to about 0.25 wt %, alternatively
from about 0 wt % to about 0.1 wt %, alternatively from about 0 wt
% to about 0.05 wt %, alternatively from about 0 wt % to about 0.01
wt %, alternatively from about 0 wt % to about 0.001 wt %, and/or
alternatively free of sulfates. As used herein, "free of" means 0
wt %.
[0023] Additionally, the surfactant systems described herein have
from about 0 wt % to about 1 wt % of inorganic salts.
[0024] Suitable surfactants that are substantially free of sulfates
can include sodium, ammonium or potassium salts of isethionates;
sodium, ammonium or potassium salts of sulfonates; sodium, ammonium
or potassium salts of ether sulfonates; sodium, ammonium or
potassium salts of sulfosuccinates; sodium, ammonium or potassium
salts of sulfoacetates; sodium, ammonium or potassium salts of
glycinates; sodium, ammonium or potassium salts of sarcosinates;
sodium, ammonium or potassium salts of glutamates; sodium, ammonium
or potassium salts of alaninates; sodium, ammonium or potassium
salts of carboxylates; sodium, ammonium or potassium salts of
taurates; sodium, ammonium or potassium salts of phosphate esters;
and combinations thereof.
[0025] The concentration of the surfactant in the composition
should be sufficient to provide the desired cleaning and lather
performance. The cleansing composition can comprise a total
surfactant level of from about 6% to about 50%, from about 5% to
about 35%, a total surfactant level of from about 10% to about 50%,
by weight, from about 15% to about 45%, by weight, from about 20%
to about 40%, by weight, from about 22% to about 35%, and/or from
about 25% to about 30%.
[0026] The surfactant system can include one or more amino acid
based anionic surfactants. Non-limiting examples of amino acid
based anionic surfactants can include sodium, ammonium or potassium
salts of acyl glycinates; sodium, ammonium or potassium salts of
acyl sarcosinates; sodium, ammonium or potassium salts of acyl
glutamates; sodium, ammonium or potassium salts of acyl alaninates
and combinations thereof.
[0027] The amino acid based anionic surfactant can be a glutamate,
for instance an acyl glutamate. The composition can comprise an
acyl glutamate level from about 2% to about 22%, by weight, from
about 3% to about 19%, by weight, 4% to about 17%, by weight,
and/or from about 5% to about 15%, by weight.
[0028] Non-limiting examples of acyl glutamates can be selected
from the group consisting of sodium cocoyl glutamate, disodium
cocoyl glutamate, ammonium cocoyl glutamate, diammonium cocoyl
glutamate, sodium lauroyl glutamate, disodium lauroyl glutamate,
sodium cocoyl hydrolyzed wheat protein glutamate, disodium cocoyl
hydrolyzed wheat protein glutamate, potassium cocoyl glutamate,
dipotassium cocoyl glutamate, potassium lauroyl glutamate,
dipotassium lauroyl glutamate, potassium cocoyl hydrolyzed wheat
protein glutamate, dipotassium cocoyl hydrolyzed wheat protein
glutamate, sodium capryloyl glutamate, disodium capryloyl
glutamate, potassium capryloyl glutamate, dipotassium capryloyl
glutamate, sodium undecylenoyl glutamate, disodium undecylenoyl
glutamate, potassium undecylenoyl glutamate, dipotassium
undecylenoyl glutamate, disodium hydrogenated tallow glutamate,
sodium stearoyl glutamate, disodium stearoyl glutamate, potassium
stearoyl glutamate, dipotassium stearoyl glutamate, sodium
myristoyl glutamate, disodium myristoyl glutamate, potassium
myristoyl glutamate, dipotassium myristoyl glutamate, sodium
cocoyl/hydrogenated tallow glutamate, sodium
cocoyl/palmoyl/sunfloweroyl glutamate, sodium hydrogenated
tallowoyl Glutamate, sodium olivoyl glutamate, disodium olivoyl
glutamate, sodium palmoyl glutamate, disodium palmoyl Glutamate,
TEA-cocoyl glutamate, TEA-hydrogenated tallowoyl glutamate,
TEA-lauroyl glutamate, and mixtures thereof.
[0029] The amino acid based anionic surfactant can be an alaninate,
for instance an acyl alaninate. Non-limiting example of acyl
alaninates can include sodium cocoyl alaninate, sodium lauroyl
alaninate, sodium N-dodecanoyl-1-alaninate and combination thereof.
The composition can comprise an acyl alaninate level from about 2%
to about 20%, by weight, from about 7% to about 15%, by weight,
and/or from about 8% to about 12%, by weight.
[0030] The amino acid based anionic surfactant can be a
sarcosinate, for instance an acyl sarcosinate. Non-limiting
examples of sarcosinates can be selected from the group consisting
of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium cocoyl sarcosinate, sodium
myristoyl sarcosinate, TEA-cocoyl sarcosinate, ammonium cocoyl
sarcosinate, ammonium lauroyl sarcosinate, dimer dilinoleyl
bis-lauroylglutamate/lauroylsarcosinate, disodium
lauroamphodiacetate lauroyl sarcosinate, isopropyl lauroyl
sarcosinate, potassium cocoyl sarcosinate, potassium lauroyl
sarcosinate, sodium cocoyl sarcosinate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate,
sodium myristoyl sarcosinate, sodium oleoyl sarcosinate, sodium
palmitoyl sarcosinate, TEA-cocoyl sarcosinate, TEA-lauroyl
sarcosinate, TEA-oleoyl sarcosinate, TEA-palm kernel sarcosinate,
and combinations thereof.
[0031] The amino acid based anionic surfactant can be a glycinate
for instance an acyl glycinate. Non-limiting example of acyl
glycinates can include sodium cocoyl glycinate, sodium lauroyl
glycinate and combination thereof.
[0032] The composition can contain additional anionic surfactants
selected from the group consisting of sulfosuccinates,
isethionates, sulfonates, sulfoacetates, glucose carboxylates,
alkyl ether carboxylates, acyl taurates, and mixture thereof.
[0033] Non-limiting examples of sulfosuccinate surfactants can
include disodium N-octadecyl sulfosuccinate, disodium lauryl
sulfosuccinate, diammonium lauryl sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl
sulfosuccinate, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, tetrasodium
N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-N-octadecyl sulfosuccinnate, diamyl ester of
sodium sulfosuccinic acid, dihexyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic
acid, dioctyl esters of sodium sulfosuccinic acid, and combinations
thereof. The composition can comprise a sulfosuccinate level from
about 2% to about 22%, by weight, from about 3% to about 19%, by
weight, 4% to about 17%, by weight, and/or from about 5% to about
15%, by weight.
[0034] Suitable isethionate surfactants can include the reaction
product of fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and
neutralized with sodium hydroxide. Suitable fatty acids for
isethionate surfactants can be derived from coconut oil or palm
kernel oil including amides of methyl tauride. Non-limiting
examples of isethionates can be selected from the group consisting
of sodium lauroyl methyl isethionate, sodium cocoyl isethionate,
ammonium cocoyl isethionate, sodium hydrogenated cocoyl methyl
isethionate, sodium lauroyl isethionate, sodium cocoyl methyl
isethionate, sodium myristoyl isethionate, sodium oleoyl
isethionate, sodium oleyl methyl isethionate, sodium palm kerneloyl
isethionate, sodium stearoyl methyl isethionate, and mixtures
thereof.
[0035] Non-limiting examples of sulfonates can include alpha olefin
sulfonates, linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, sodium laurylglucosides
hydroxypropylsulfonate and combination thereof.
[0036] Non-limiting examples of sulfoacetates can include sodium
lauryl sulfoacetate, ammonium lauryl sulfoacetate and combination
thereof.
[0037] Non-limiting example of glucose carboxylates can include
sodium lauryl glucoside carboxylate, sodium cocoyl glucoside
carboxylate and combinations thereof.
[0038] Non-limiting example of alkyl ether carboxylate can include
sodium laureth-4 carboxylate, laureth-5 carboxylate, laureth-13
carboxylate, sodium C12-13 pareth-8 carboxylate, sodium C12-15
pareth-8 carboxylate and combination thereof.
[0039] Non-limiting example of acyl taurates can include sodium
methyl cocoyl taurate, sodium methyl lauroyl taurate, sodium methyl
oleoyl taurate and combination thereof.
[0040] The surfactant system may further comprise one or more
amphoteric surfactants and the amphoteric surfactant can be
selected from the group consisting of betaines, sultaines,
hydroxysultanes, amphohydroxypropyl sulfonates, alkyl amphoactates,
alkyl amphodiacetates and combination thereof.
[0041] Examples of betaine amphoteric surfactants can include coco
dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, cocoamidopropyl betaine (CAPB),
cocobetaine, lauryl amidopropyl betaine (LAPB), oleyl betaine,
lauryl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl
alphacarboxyethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine,
lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) carboxymethyl betaine, stearyl
bis-(2-hydroxypropyl) carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl
gamma-carboxypropyl betaine, lauryl
bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, and mixtures
thereof. Examples of sulfobetaines can include coco dimethyl
sulfopropyl betaine, stearyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, lauryl
dimethyl sulfoethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)
sulfopropyl betaine and mixtures thereof.
[0042] Non-limiting example of alkylamphoacetates can include
sodium cocoyl amphoacetate, sodium lauroyl amphoacetate and
combination thereof.
[0043] The amphoteric surfactant can comprise cocamidopropyl
betaine (CAPB), lauramidopropyl betaine (LAPB), and combinations
thereof.
[0044] The cleansing composition can comprise a amphoteric
surfactant level from about 0.5 wt % to about 20 wt %, from about 1
wt % to about 15 wt %, from about 2 wt % to about 13 wt %, from
about 3 wt % to about 15 wt %, and/or from about 5 wt % to about 10
wt %.
[0045] The surfactant system can have a weight ratio of anionic
surfactant to amphoteric surfactant from about 1:5 to about 10:1,
from about 1:2 to about 7:1, from 1:1 to about 5:1, and/or from
about 2:1 to about 4:1. The surfactant system can have a weight
ratio of anionic surfactant to amphoteric surfactant greater than
1:1, greater than 3:2, greater than 9:5, and/or greater than
2:1.
[0046] The surfactant system may further comprise one or more
non-ionic surfactants and the non-ionic surfactant can be selected
from the group consisting alkyl polyglucoside, alkyl glycoside,
acyl glucamide and mixture thereof. Non-limiting examples of alkyl
glucosides can include decyl glucoside, cocoyl glucoside, lauroyl
glucoside and combination thereof.
[0047] Non-limiting examples of acyl glucamide can include
lauroyl/myristoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl/caproyl methyl
glucamide, lauroyl/myristoyl methyl glucamide, cocoyl methyl
glucamide and combinations thereof.
[0048] B. Cationic Polymer
[0049] A cleansing composition can include a cationic polymer to
allow formation of a coacervate. As can be appreciated, the
cationic charge of a cationic polymer can interact with an anionic
charge of a surfactant to form the coacervate. Suitable cationic
polymers can include: (a) a cationic guar polymer, (b) a cationic
non-guar galactomannan polymer, (c) a cationic starch polymer, (d)
a cationic copolymer of acrylamide monomers and cationic monomers,
(e) a synthetic, non-crosslinked, cationic polymer, which may or
may not form lyotropic liquid crystals upon combination with the
detersive surfactant, and (f) a cationic cellulose polymer. In
certain examples, more than one cationic polymer can be
included.
[0050] A cationic polymer can be included by weight of the
cleansing composition at about 0.05% to about 3%, about 0.075% to
about 2.0%, or at about 0.1% to about 1.0%. Cationic polymers can
have cationic charge densities of about 0.9 meq/g or more, about
1.2 meq/g or more, and about 1.5 meq/g or more. However, cationic
charge density can also be about 7 meq/g or less and alternatively
about 5 meq/g or less. The charge densities can be measured at the
pH of intended use of the cleansing composition. (e.g., at about pH
3 to about pH 9; or about pH 4 to about pH 8). The average
molecular weight of cationic polymers can generally be between
about 10,000 and 10 million, between about 50,000 and about 5
million, and between about 100,000 and about 3 million, and between
about 300,000 and about 3 million and between about 100,000 and
about 2.5 million. Low molecular weight cationic polymers can be
used. Low molecular weight cationic polymers can have greater
translucency in the liquid carrier of a cleansing composition. The
cationic polymer can be a single type, such as the cationic guar
polymer guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride having a weight
average molecular weight of about 2.5 million g/mol or less, and
the cleansing composition can have an additional cationic polymer
of the same or different types.
[0051] Cationic Guar Polymer
[0052] The cationic polymer can be a cationic guar polymer, which
is a cationically substituted galactomannan (guar) gum derivative.
Suitable guar gums for guar gum derivatives can be obtained as a
naturally occurring material from the seeds of the guar plant. As
can be appreciated, the guar molecule is a straight chain mannan
which is branched at regular intervals with single membered
galactose units on alternative mannose units. The mannose units are
linked to each other by means of .beta.(1-4) glycosidic linkages.
The galactose branching arises by way of an .alpha.(1-6) linkage.
Cationic derivatives of the guar gums can be obtained through
reactions between the hydroxyl groups of the polygalactomannan and
reactive quaternary ammonium compounds. The degree of substitution
of the cationic groups onto the guar structure can be sufficient to
provide the requisite cationic charge density described above.
[0053] A cationic guar polymer can have a weight average molecular
weight ("M.Wt.") of less than about 3 million g/mol, and can have a
charge density from about 0.05 meq/g to about 2.5 meq/g.
Alternatively, the cationic guar polymer can have a weight average
M.Wt. of less than 1.5 million g/mol, from about 150 thousand g/mol
to about 1.5 million g/mol, from about 200 thousand g/mol to about
1.5 million g/mol, from about 300 thousand g/mol to about 1.5
million g/mol, and from about 700,000 thousand g/mol to about 1.5
million g/mol. The cationic guar polymer can have a charge density
from about 0.2 meq/g to about 2.2 meq/g, from about 0.3 meq/g to
about 2.0 meq/g, from about 0.4 meq/g to about 1.8 meq/g; and from
about 0.5 meq/g to about 1.7 meq/g.
[0054] A cationic guar polymer can have a weight average M.Wt. of
less than about 1 million g/mol, and can have a charge density from
about 0.1 meq/g to about 2.5 meq/g. A cationic guar polymer can
have a weight average M.Wt. of less than 900 thousand g/mol, from
about 150 thousand to about 800 thousand g/mol, from about 200
thousand g/mol to about 700 thousand g/mol, from about 300 thousand
to about 700 thousand g/mol, from about 400 thousand to about 600
thousand g/mol, from about 150 thousand g/mol to about 800 thousand
g/mol, from about 200 thousand g/mol to about 700 thousand g/mol,
from about 300 thousand g/mol to about 700 thousand g/mol, and from
about 400 thousand g/mol to about 600 thousand g/mol. A cationic
guar polymer has a charge density from about 0.2 meq/g to about 2.2
meq/g, from about 0.3 meq/g to about 2.0 meq/g, from about 0.4
meq/g to about 1.8 meq/g; and from about 0.5 meq/g to about 1.5
meq/g.
[0055] A cleansing composition can include from about 0.01% to less
than about 0.7%, by weight of the cleansing composition of a
cationic guar polymer, from about 0.04% to about 0.55%, by weight,
from about 0.08% to about 0.5%, by weight, from about 0.16% to
about 0.5%, by weight, from about 0.2% to about 0.5%, by weight,
from about 0.3% to about 0.5%, by weight, and from about 0.4% to
about 0.5%, by weight.
[0056] The cationic guar polymer can be formed from quaternary
ammonium compounds which conform to general Formula II:
##STR00001##
wherein where R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are methyl or ethyl
groups; and R.sup.6 is either an epoxyalkyl group of the general
Formula III:
##STR00002##
or R.sup.6 is a halohydrin group of the general Formula IV:
##STR00003##
wherein R.sup.7 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkylene; X is chlorine or
bromine, and Z is an anion such as Cl--, Br--, I-- or
HSO.sub.4--.
[0057] Suitable cationic guar polymers can conform to the general
formula V:
##STR00004##
wherein R.sup.8 is guar gum; and wherein R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6
and R.sup.7 are as defined above; and wherein Z is a halogen.
Suitable cationic guar polymers can conform to Formula VI:
##STR00005##
[0058] wherein R.sup.8 is guar gum.
[0059] Suitable cationic guar polymers can also include cationic
guar gum derivatives, such as guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride.
Suitable examples of guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chlorides can
include the Jaguar.RTM. series commercially available from Solvay
S.A., Hi-Care Series from Rhodia, and N-Hance and AquaCat from
Ashland Inc. Jaguar.RTM. C-500 has a charge density of 0.8 meq/g
and a M.Wt. of 500,000 g/mole; Jaguar Optima has a cationic charge
density of about 1.25 meg/g and a M.Wt. of about 500,000 g/moles;
Jaguar.RTM. C-17 has a cationic charge density of about 0.6 meq/g
and a M.Wt. of about 2.2 million g/mol; Jaguar.RTM. and a cationic
charge density of about 0.8 meq/g; Hi-Care 1000 has a charge
density of about 0.7 meq/g and a M.Wt. of about 600,000 g/mole;
N-Hance 3269 and N-Hance 3270, have a charge density of about 0.7
meq/g and a M.Wt. of about 425,000 g/mole; N-Hance 3196 has a
charge density of about 0.8 meq/g and a M.Wt. of about 1,100,000
g/mole; and AquaCat CG518 has a charge density of about 0.9 meq/g
and a M.Wt. of about 50,000 g/mole. N-Hance BF-13 and N-Hance BF-17
are borate (boron) free guar polymers. N-Hance BF-13 has a charge
density of about 1.1 meq/g and M.W.t of about 800,000 and N-Hance
BF-17 has a charge density of about 1.7 meq/g and M.W.t of about
800,000. BF-17 has a charge density of about 1.7 meq/g and M.W.t of
about 800,000. BF-17 has a charge density of about 1.7 meq/g and
M.W.t of about 800,000. BF-17 has a charge density of about 1.7
meq/g and M.W.t of about 800,000. BF-17 has a charge density of
about 1.7 meq/g and M.W.t of about 800,000.
[0060] Cationic Non-Guar Galactomannan Polymer
[0061] The cationic polymer can be a galactomannan polymer
derivative. Suitable galactomannan polymer can have a mannose to
galactose ratio of greater than 2:1 on a monomer to monomer basis
and can be a cationic galactomannan polymer derivative or an
amphoteric galactomannan polymer derivative having a net positive
charge. As used herein, the term "cationic galactomannan" refers to
a galactomannan polymer to which a cationic group is added. The
term "amphoteric galactomannan" refers to a galactomannan polymer
to which a cationic group and an anionic group are added such that
the polymer has a net positive charge.
[0062] Galactomannan polymers can be present in the endosperm of
seeds of the Leguminosae family Galactomannan polymers are made up
of a combination of mannose monomers and galactose monomers. The
galactomannan molecule is a straight chain mannan branched at
regular intervals with single membered galactose units on specific
mannose units. The mannose units are linked to each other by means
of .beta. (1-4) glycosidic linkages. The galactose branching arises
by way of an .alpha. (1-6) linkage. The ratio of mannose monomers
to galactose monomers varies according to the species of the plant
and can be affected by climate. Non Guar Galactomannan polymer
derivatives can have a ratio of mannose to galactose of greater
than 2:1 on a monomer to monomer basis. Suitable ratios of mannose
to galactose can also be greater than 3:1 or greater than 4:1.
Analysis of mannose to galactose ratios is well known in the art
and is typically based on the measurement of the galactose
content.
[0063] The gum for use in preparing the non-guar galactomannan
polymer derivatives can be obtained from naturally occurring
materials such as seeds or beans from plants. Examples of various
non-guar galactomannan polymers include Tara gum (3 parts mannose/1
part galactose), Locust bean or Carob (4 parts mannose/1 part
galactose), and Cassia gum (5 parts mannose/1 part galactose).
[0064] A non-guar galactomannan polymer derivative can have a M.
Wt. from about 1,000 g/mol to about 10,000,000 g/mol, and a M.Wt.
from about 5,000 g/mol to about 3,000,000 g/mol.
[0065] The cleansing compositions described herein can include
galactomannan polymer derivatives which have a cationic charge
density from about 0.5 meq/g to about 7 meq/g. The galactomannan
polymer derivatives can have a cationic charge density from about 1
meq/g to about 5 meq/g. The degree of substitution of the cationic
groups onto the galactomannan structure can be sufficient to
provide the requisite cationic charge density.
[0066] A galactomannan polymer derivative can be a cationic
derivative of the non-guar galactomannan polymer, which is obtained
by reaction between the hydroxyl groups of the polygalactomannan
polymer and reactive quaternary ammonium compounds. Suitable
quaternary ammonium compounds for use in forming the cationic
galactomannan polymer derivatives include those conforming to the
general Formulas II to VI, as defined above.
[0067] Cationic non-guar galactomannan polymer derivatives formed
from the reagents described above can be represented by the general
Formula VII:
##STR00006##
wherein R is the gum. The cationic galactomannan derivative can be
a gum hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, which can be more
specifically represented by the general Formula VIII:
##STR00007##
[0068] The galactomannan polymer derivative can be an amphoteric
galactomannan polymer derivative having a net positive charge,
obtained when the cationic galactomannan polymer derivative further
comprises an anionic group.
[0069] A cationic non-guar galactomannan can have a ratio of
mannose to galactose which is greater than about 4:1, a M.Wt. of
about 100,000 g/mol to about 500,000 g/mol, a M.Wt. of about 50,000
g/mol to about 400,000 g/mol, and a cationic charge density from
about 1 meq/g to about 5 meq/g, and from about 2 meq/g to about 4
meq/g.
[0070] Cleansing compositions can include at least about 0.05% of a
galactomannan polymer derivative by weight of the composition. The
cleansing compositions can include from about 0.05% to about 2%, by
weight of the composition, of a galactomannan polymer
derivative.
[0071] Cationic Starch Polymers
[0072] Suitable cationic polymers can also be water-soluble
cationically modified starch polymers. As used herein, the term
"cationically modified starch" refers to a starch to which a
cationic group is added prior to degradation of the starch to a
smaller molecular weight, or wherein a cationic group is added
after modification of the starch to achieve a desired molecular
weight. The definition of the term "cationically modified starch"
also includes amphoterically modified starch. The term
"amphoterically modified starch" refers to a starch hydrolysate to
which a cationic group and an anionic group are added.
[0073] The cleansing compositions described herein can include
cationically modified starch polymers at a range of about 0.01% to
about 10%, and/or from about 0.05% to about 5%, by weight of the
composition.
[0074] The cationically modified starch polymers disclosed herein
have a percent of bound nitrogen of from about 0.5% to about
4%.
[0075] The cationically modified starch polymers can have a
molecular weight from about 850,000 g/mol to about 15,000,000 g/mol
and from about 900,000 g/mol to about 5,000,000 g/mol.
[0076] Cationically modified starch polymers can have a charge
density of from about 0.2 meq/g to about 5 meq/g, and from about
0.2 meq/g to about 2 meq/g. The chemical modification to obtain
such a charge density can include the addition of amino and/or
ammonium groups into the starch molecules. Non-limiting examples of
such ammonium groups can include substituents such as hydroxypropyl
trimmonium chloride, trimethylhydroxypropyl ammonium chloride,
dimethylstearylhydroxypropyl ammonium chloride, and
dimethyldodecylhydroxypropyl ammonium chloride. Further details are
described in Solarek, D. B., Cationic Starches in Modified
Starches: Properties and Uses, Wurzburg, O. B., Ed., CRC Press,
Inc., Boca Raton, Fla. 1986, pp 113-125 which is hereby
incorporated by reference. The cationic groups can be added to the
starch prior to degradation to a smaller molecular weight or the
cationic groups may be added after such modification.
[0077] A cationically modified starch polymer can have a degree of
substitution of a cationic group from about 0.2 to about 2.5. As
used herein, the "degree of substitution" of the cationically
modified starch polymers is an average measure of the number of
hydroxyl groups on each anhydroglucose unit which is derivatized by
substituent groups. Since each anhydroglucose unit has three
potential hydroxyl groups available for substitution, the maximum
possible degree of substitution is 3. The degree of substitution is
expressed as the number of moles of substituent groups per mole of
anhydroglucose unit, on a molar average basis. The degree of
substitution can be determined using proton nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy (".sup.1H NMR") methods well known in the
art. Suitable .sup.1H NMR techniques include those described in
"Observation on NMR Spectra of Starches in Dimethyl Sulfoxide,
Iodine-Complexing, and Solvating in Water-Dimethyl Sulfoxide",
Qin-Ji Peng and Arthur S. Perlin, Carbohydrate Research, 160
(1987), 57-72; and "An Approach to the Structural Analysis of
Oligosaccharides by NMR Spectroscopy", J. Howard Bradbury and J.
Grant Collins, Carbohydrate Research, 71, (1979), 15-25.
[0078] The source of starch before chemical modification can be
selected from a variety of sources such as tubers, legumes, cereal,
and grains. For example, starch sources can include corn starch,
wheat starch, rice starch, waxy corn starch, oat starch, cassaya
starch, waxy barley, waxy rice starch, glutenous rice starch, sweet
rice starch, amioca, potato starch, tapioca starch, oat starch,
sago starch, sweet rice, or mixtures thereof. Suitable cationically
modified starch polymers can be selected from degraded cationic
maize starch, cationic tapioca, cationic potato starch, and
mixtures thereof. Cationically modified starch polymers are
cationic corn starch and cationic tapioca.
[0079] The starch, prior to degradation or after modification to a
smaller molecular weight, can include one or more additional
modifications. For example, these modifications may include
cross-linking, stabilization reactions, phosphorylations, and
hydrolyzations. Stabilization reactions can include alkylation and
esterification.
[0080] Cationically modified starch polymers can be included in a
cleansing composition in the form of hydrolyzed starch (e.g., acid,
enzyme, or alkaline degradation), oxidized starch (e.g., peroxide,
peracid, hypochlorite, alkaline, or any other oxidizing agent),
physically/mechanically degraded starch (e.g., via the
thermo-mechanical energy input of the processing equipment), or
combinations thereof.
[0081] The starch can be readily soluble in water and can form a
substantially translucent solution in water. The transparency of
the composition is measured by Ultra-Violet/Visible ("UV/VIS")
spectrophotometry, which determines the absorption or transmission
of UV/VIS light by a sample, using a Gretag Macbeth Colorimeter
Color. A light wavelength of 600 nm has been shown to be adequate
for characterizing the degree of clarity of cleansing
compositions.
[0082] Cationic Copolymer of an Acrylamide Monomer and a Cationic
Monomer
[0083] A cleansing composition can include a cationic copolymer of
an acrylamide monomer and a cationic monomer, wherein the copolymer
has a charge density of from about 1.0 meq/g to about 3.0 meq/g.
The cationic copolymer can be a synthetic cationic copolymer of
acrylamide monomers and cationic monomers.
[0084] Suitable cationic polymers can include:
[0085] (i) an acrylamide monomer of the following Formula IX:
##STR00008##
where R.sup.9 is H or C.sub.1-4 alkyl; and R.sup.10 and R.sup.11
are independently selected from the group consisting of H,
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3,
CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2, and phenyl, or together are
C.sub.3-6cycloalkyl; and
[0086] (ii) a cationic monomer conforming to Formula X:
##STR00009##
where k=1, each of v, v', and v'' is independently an integer of
from 1 to 6, w is zero or an integer of from 1 to 10, and X.sup.-
is an anion.
[0087] A cationic monomer can conform to Formula X where k=1, v=3
and w=0, z=1 and X.sup.- is Cl.sup.- to form the following
structure (Formula XI):
##STR00010##
[0088] As can be appreciated, the above structure can be referred
to as diquat.
[0089] A cationic monomer can conform to Formula X wherein v and
v'' are each 3, v'=1, w=1, y=1 and X.sup.- is Cl.sup.-, to form the
following structure of Formula XII:
##STR00011##
The structure of Formula XII can be referred to as triquat.
[0090] The acrylamide monomer can be either acrylamide or
methacrylamide.
[0091] The cationic copolymer can be AM:TRIQUAT which is a
copolymer of acrylamide and
1,3-Propanediaminium,N-[2-[[[dimethyl[3-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino-
]propyl]ammonio]acetyl]amino]ethyl]2-hydroxy-N,N,N',N',N'-pentamethyl-,
trichloride. AM:TRIQUAT is also known as polyquaternium 76 (PQ76).
AM:TRIQUAT can have a charge density of 1.6 meq/g and a M.Wt. of
1.1 million g/mol.
[0092] The cationic copolymer can include an acrylamide monomer and
a cationic monomer, wherein the cationic monomer is selected from
the group consisting of: dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate,
dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate, ditertiobutylaminoethyl
(meth)acrylate, dimethylaminomethyl (meth)acrylamide,
dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylamide; ethylenimine, vinylamine,
2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine; trimethylammonium ethyl
(meth)acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate
methyl sulphate, dimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl
chloride, 4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammonium ethyl acrylate chloride,
trimethyl ammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, trimethyl
ammonium propyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, vinylbenzyl trimethyl
ammonium chloride, diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride, and mixtures
thereof.
[0093] The cationic copolymer can include a cationic monomer
selected from the group consisting of: trimethylammonium ethyl
(meth)acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate
methyl sulphate, dimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl
chloride, 4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammonium ethyl acrylate chloride,
trimethyl ammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, trimethyl
ammonium propyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, vinylbenzyl trimethyl
ammonium chloride, and mixtures thereof.
[0094] The cationic copolymer can be formed from (1) copolymers of
(meth)acrylamide and cationic monomers based on (meth)acrylamide,
and/or hydrolysis-stable cationic monomers, (2) terpolymers of
(meth)acrylamide, monomers based on cationic (meth)acrylic acid
esters, and monomers based on (meth)acrylamide, and/or
hydrolysis-stable cationic monomers. Monomers based on cationic
(meth)acrylic acid esters can be cationized esters of the
(meth)acrylic acid containing a quaternized N atom. Cationized
esters of the (meth)acrylic acid containing a quaternized N atom
can be quaternized dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylates with C.sub.1
to C.sub.3 in the alkyl and alkylene groups. The cationized esters
of the (meth)acrylic acid containing a quaternized N atom can be
selected from the group consisting of: ammonium salts of
dimethylaminomethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl
(meth)acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate,
diethylaminomethyl (meth)acrylate, diethylaminoethyl
(meth)acrylate; and diethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate quaternized
with methyl chloride. The cationized esters of the (meth)acrylic
acid containing a quaternized N atom can be dimethylaminoethyl
acrylate, which is quaternized with an alkyl halide, or with methyl
chloride or benzyl chloride or dimethyl sulfate (ADAME-Quat). The
cationic monomer when based on (meth)acrylamides are quaternized
dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamides with C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 in the
alkyl and alkylene groups, or dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, which
is quaternized with an alkyl halide, or methyl chloride or benzyl
chloride or dimethyl sulfate.
[0095] The cationic monomer based on a (meth)acrylamide can be a
quaternized dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamide with C.sub.1 to
C.sub.3 in the alkyl and alkylene groups. The cationic monomer
based on a (meth)acrylamide can be dimethylaminopropylacrylamide,
which is quaternized with an alkyl halide, especially methyl
chloride or benzyl chloride or dimethyl sulfate.
[0096] The cationic monomer can be a hydrolysis-stable cationic
monomer. Hydrolysis-stable cationic monomers can be, in addition to
a dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamide, any monomer that can be
regarded as stable to the OECD hydrolysis test. The cationic
monomer can be hydrolysis-stable and the hydrolysis-stable cationic
monomer can be selected from the group consisting of:
diallyldimethylammonium chloride and water-soluble, cationic
styrene derivatives.
[0097] The cationic copolymer can be a terpolymer of acrylamide,
2-dimethylammoniumethyl (meth)acrylate quaternized with methyl
chloride (ADAME-Q) and 3-dimethylammoniumpropyl(meth)acrylamide
quaternized with methyl chloride (DIMAPA-Q). The cationic copolymer
can be formed from acrylamide and acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium
chloride, wherein the acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride
has a charge density of from about 1.0 meq/g to about 3.0
meq/g.
[0098] The cationic copolymer can have a charge density of from
about 1.1 meq/g to about 2.5 meq/g, from about 1.1 meq/g to about
2.3 meq/g, from about 1.2 meq/g to about 2.2 meq/g, from about 1.2
meq/g to about 2.1 meq/g, from about 1.3 meq/g to about 2.0 meq/g,
and from about 1.3 meq/g to about 1.9 meq/g.
[0099] The cationic copolymer can have a M.Wt. from about 100
thousand g/mol to about 2 million g/mol, from about 300 thousand
g/mol to about 1.8 million g/mol, from about 500 thousand g/mol to
about 1.6 million g/mol, from about 700 thousand g/mol to about 1.4
million g/mol, and from about 900 thousand g/mol to about 1.2
million g/mol.
[0100] The cationic copolymer can be a
trimethylammoniopropylmethacrylamide chloride-N-Acrylamide
copolymer, which is also known as AM:MAPTAC. AM:MAPTAC can have a
charge density of about 1.3 meq/g and a M.Wt. of about 1.1 million
g/mol. The cationic copolymer can be AM:ATPAC. AM:ATPAC can have a
charge density of about 1.8 meq/g and a M.Wt. of about 1.1 million
g/mol.
[0101] Synthetic Polymers
[0102] A cationic polymer can be a synthetic polymer that is formed
from:
i) one or more cationic monomer units, and optionally ii) one or
more monomer units bearing a negative charge, and/or iii) a
nonionic monomer,
[0103] wherein the subsequent charge of the copolymer is positive.
The ratio of the three types of monomers is given by "m", "p" and
"q" where "m" is the number of cationic monomers, "p" is the number
of monomers bearing a negative charge and "q" is the number of
nonionic monomers
[0104] The cationic polymers can be water soluble or dispersible,
non-crosslinked, and synthetic cationic polymers which have the
structure of Formula XIII:
##STR00012##
where A, may be one or more of the following cationic moieties:
##STR00013##
[0105] :@=amido, alkylamido, ester, ether, alkyl or alkylaryl;
[0106] :Y=C1-C22 alkyl, alkoxy, alkylidene, alkyl or aryloxy;
where .psi.=C1-C22 alkyl, alkyloxy, alkyl aryl or alkyl arylox;
where Z=C1-C22 alkyl, alkyloxy, aryl or aryloxy; where R1=H, C1-C4
linear or branched alkyl; where s=0 or 1, n=0 or .gtoreq.1; where T
and R7=C1-C22 alkyl; and where X--=halogen, hydroxide, alkoxide,
sulfate or alkylsulfate.
[0107] Where the monomer bearing a negative charge is defined by
R2'=H, C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl and R3 is:
##STR00014##
where D=O, N, or S; where Q=NH.sub.2 or O; where u=1-6; where
t=0-1; and where J=oxygenated functional group containing the
following elements P, S, C.
[0108] Where the nonionic monomer is defined by R2''=H, C1-C4
linear or branched alkyl, R6=linear or branched alkyl, alkyl aryl,
aryl oxy, alkyloxy, alkylaryl oxy and .beta. is defined as
##STR00015##
and where G' and G'' are, independently of one another, O, S or
N--H and L=0 or 1.
[0109] Suitable monomers can include aminoalkyl (meth)acrylates,
(meth)aminoalkyl (meth)acrylamides; monomers comprising at least
one secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine function, or a
heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, vinylamine or
ethylenimine; diallyldialkyl ammonium salts; their mixtures, their
salts, and macromonomers deriving from therefrom.
[0110] Further examples of suitable cationic monomers can include
dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl
(meth)acrylate, ditertiobutylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate,
dimethylaminomethyl (meth)acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl
(meth)acrylamide, ethylenimine, vinylamine, 2-vinylpyridine,
4-vinylpyridine, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate chloride,
trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate methyl sulphate,
dimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride,
4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammonium ethyl acrylate chloride, trimethyl
ammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, trimethyl ammonium propyl
(meth)acrylamido chloride, vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride,
diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride.
[0111] Suitable cationic monomers can include quaternary monomers
of formula --NR.sub.3.sup.+, wherein each R can be identical or
different, and can be a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group comprising 1
to 10 carbon atoms, or a benzyl group, optionally carrying a
hydroxyl group, and including an anion (counter-ion). Examples of
suitable anions include halides such as chlorides, bromides,
sulphates, hydrosulphates, alkylsulphates (for example comprising 1
to 6 carbon atoms), phosphates, citrates, formates, and
acetates.
[0112] Suitable cationic monomers can also include
trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium
ethyl (meth)acrylate methyl sulphate, dimethylammonium ethyl
(meth)acrylate benzyl chloride, 4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammonium
ethyl acrylate chloride, trimethyl ammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamido
chloride, trimethyl ammonium propyl (meth)acrylamido chloride,
vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. Additional suitable
cationic monomers can include trimethyl ammonium propyl
(meth)acrylamido chloride.
[0113] Examples of monomers bearing a negative charge include alpha
ethylenically unsaturated monomers including a phosphate or
phosphonate group, alpha ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic
acids, monoalkylesters of alpha ethylenically unsaturated
dicarboxylic acids, monoalkylamides of alpha ethylenically
unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, alpha ethylenically unsaturated
compounds comprising a sulphonic acid group, and salts of alpha
ethylenically unsaturated compounds comprising a sulphonic acid
group.
[0114] Suitable monomers with a negative charge can include acrylic
acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl sulphonic acid, salts of vinyl
sulfonic acid, vinylbenzene sulphonic acid, salts of vinylbenzene
sulphonic acid, alpha-acrylamidomethylpropanesulphonic acid, salts
of alpha-acrylamidomethylpropanesulphonic acid, 2-sulphoethyl
methacrylate, salts of 2-sulphoethyl methacrylate,
acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid (AMPS), salts of
acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, and styrenesulphonate
(SS).
[0115] Examples of nonionic monomers can include vinyl acetate,
amides of alpha ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, esters
of an alpha ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with an
hydrogenated or fluorinated alcohol, polyethylene oxide
(meth)acrylate (i.e. polyethoxylated (meth)acrylic acid),
monoalkylesters of alpha ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic
acids, monoalkylamides of alpha ethylenically unsaturated
dicarboxylic acids, vinyl nitriles, vinylamine amides, vinyl
alcohol, vinyl pyrolidone, and vinyl aromatic compounds.
[0116] Suitable nonionic monomers can also include styrene,
acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylonitrile, methylacrylate,
ethylacrylate, n-propylacrylate, n-butylacrylate,
methylmethacrylate, ethylmethacrylate, n-propylmethacrylate,
n-butylmethacrylate, 2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, 2-ethyl-hexyl
methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethylacrylate and
2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate.
[0117] The anionic counterion (X.sup.-) in association with the
synthetic cationic polymers can be any known counterion so long as
the polymers remain soluble or dispersible in water, in the
cleansing composition, or in a coacervate phase of the cleansing
composition, and so long as the counterions are physically and
chemically compatible with the essential components of the
cleansing composition or do not otherwise unduly impair product
performance, stability or aesthetics. Non limiting examples of
suitable counterions can include halides (e.g., chlorine, fluorine,
bromine, iodine), sulfate, and methylsulfate.
[0118] The cationic polymer described herein can also aid in
repairing damaged hair, particularly chemically treated hair by
providing a surrogate hydrophobic F-layer. The microscopically thin
F-layer provides natural weatherproofing, while helping to seal in
moisture and prevent further damage. Chemical treatments damage the
hair cuticle and strip away its protective F-layer. As the F-layer
is stripped away, the hair becomes increasingly hydrophilic. It has
been found that when lyotropic liquid crystals are applied to
chemically treated hair, the hair becomes more hydrophobic and more
virgin-like, in both look and feel. Without being limited to any
theory, it is believed that the lyotropic liquid crystal complex
creates a hydrophobic layer or film, which coats the hair fibers
and protects the hair, much like the natural F-layer protects the
hair. The hydrophobic layer can return the hair to a generally
virgin-like, healthier state. Lyotropic liquid crystals are formed
by combining the synthetic cationic polymers described herein with
the aforementioned anionic detersive surfactant component of the
cleansing composition. The synthetic cationic polymer has a
relatively high charge density. It should be noted that some
synthetic polymers having a relatively high cationic charge density
do not form lyotropic liquid crystals, primarily due to their
abnormal linear charge densities. Such synthetic cationic polymers
are described in PCT Patent App. No. WO 94/06403 which is
incorporated by reference. The synthetic polymers described herein
can be formulated in a stable cleansing composition that provides
improved conditioning performance, with respect to damaged
hair.
[0119] Cationic synthetic polymers that can form lyotropic liquid
crystals have a cationic charge density of from about 2 meq/gm to
about 7 meq/gm, and/or from about 3 meq/gm to about 7 meq/gm,
and/or from about 4 meq/gm to about 7 meq/gm. The cationic charge
density is about 6.2 meq/gm. The polymers also have a M. Wt. of
from about 1,000 to about 5,000,000, and/or from about 10,000 to
about 2,000,000, and/or from about 100,000 to about 2,000,000.
[0120] Cationic synthetic polymers that provide enhanced
conditioning and deposition of benefit agents but do not
necessarily form lytropic liquid crystals can have a cationic
charge density of from about 0.7 meq/gm to about 7 meq/gm, and/or
from about 0.8 meq/gm to about 5 meq/gm, and/or from about 1.0
meq/gm to about 3 meq/gm. The polymers also have a M.Wt. of from
about 1,000 g/mol to about 5,000,000 g/mol, from about 10,000 g/mol
to about 2,000,000 g/mol, and from about 100,000 g/mol to about
2,000,000 g/mol.
[0121] Cationic Cellulose Polymer
[0122] Suitable cationic polymers can be cellulose polymers.
Suitable cellulose polymers can include salts of hydroxyethyl
cellulose reacted with trimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide,
referred to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 10 and
available from Dwo/Amerchol Corp. (Edison, N.J., USA) in their
Polymer LR, JR, and KG series of polymers. Other suitable types of
cationic cellulose can include the polymeric quaternary ammonium
salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with lauryl dimethyl
ammonium-substituted epoxide referred to in the industry (CTFA) as
Polyquaternium 24. These materials are available from Dow/Amerchol
Corp. under the tradename Polymer LM-200. Other suitable types of
cationic cellulose can include the polymeric quaternary ammonium
salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with lauryl dimethyl
ammonium-substituted epoxide and trimethyl ammonium substituted
epoxide referred to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 67.
These materials are available from Dow/Amerchol Corp. under the
tradename SoftCAT Polymer SL-5, SoftCAT Polymer SL-30, Polymer
SL-60, Polymer SL-100, Polymer SK-L, Polymer SK-M, Polymer SK-MH,
and Polymer SK-H.
[0123] Additional cationic polymers are also described in the CTFA
Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, 3rd edition, edited by Estrin,
Crosley, and Haynes, (The Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance
Association, Inc., Washington, D.C. (1982)), which is incorporated
herein by reference.
[0124] Techniques for analysis of formation of complex coacervates
are known in the art. For example, microscopic analyses of the
compositions, at any chosen stage of dilution, can be utilized to
identify whether a coacervate phase has formed. Such coacervate
phase can be identifiable as an additional emulsified phase in the
composition. The use of dyes can aid in distinguishing the
coacervate phase from other insoluble phases dispersed in the
composition. Additional details about the use of cationic polymers
and coacervates are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 9,272,164 which is
incorporated by reference.
[0125] C. Liquid Carrier
[0126] As can be appreciated, cleansing compositions can desirably
be in the form of pourable liquid under ambient conditions.
Inclusion of an appropriate quantity of a liquid carrier can
facilitate the formation of a cleansing composition having an
appropriate viscosity and rheology. A cleansing composition can
include, by weight of the composition, about 20% to about 95%, by
weight, of a liquid carrier, and about 60% to about 85%, by weight,
of a liquid carrier. The liquid carrier can be an aqueous carrier
such as water.
[0127] D. Optional Components
[0128] As can be appreciated, cleansing compositions described
herein can include a variety of optional components to tailor the
properties and characteristics of the composition. As can be
appreciated, suitable optional components are well known and can
generally include any components which are physically and
chemically compatible with the essential components of the
cleansing compositions described herein. Optional components should
not otherwise unduly impair product stability, aesthetics, or
performance. Individual concentrations of optional components can
generally range from about 0.001% to about 10%, by weight of a
cleansing composition. Optional components can be further limited
to components which will not impair the clarity of a translucent
cleansing composition.
[0129] Suitable optional components which can be included in a
cleansing composition can include co-surfactants, deposition aids,
conditioning agents (including hydrocarbon oils, fatty esters,
silicones), anti-dandruff agents, suspending agents, viscosity
modifiers, dyes, nonvolatile solvents or diluents (water soluble
and insoluble), pearlescent aids, foam boosters, pediculocides, pH
adjusting agents, perfumes, preservatives, chelants, proteins, skin
active agents, sunscreens, UV absorbers, and vitamins. The CTFA
Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, Tenth Edition (published by the
Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association, Inc., Washington,
D.C.) (2004) (hereinafter "CTFA"), describes a wide variety of
non-limiting materials that can be added to the composition
herein.
Conditioning Agents
[0130] A cleansing composition can include a silicone conditioning
agent. Suitable silicone conditioning agents can include volatile
silicone, non-volatile silicone, or combinations thereof. If
including a silicone conditioning agent, the agent can be included
from about 0.01% to about 10%, by weight of the composition, from
about 0.1% to about 8%, from about 0.1% to about 5%, and/or from
about 0.2% to about 3%. Examples of suitable silicone conditioning
agents, and optional suspending agents for the silicone, are
described in U.S. Reissue Pat. No. 34,584, U.S. Pat. Nos.
5,104,646, and 5,106,609, each of which is incorporated by
reference herein. Suitable silicone conditioning agents can have a
viscosity, as measured at 25.degree. C., from about 20 centistokes
("csk") to about 2,000,000 csk, from about 1,000 csk to about
1,800,000 csk, from about 50,000 csk to about 1,500,000 csk, and
from about 100,000 csk to about 1,500,000 csk.
[0131] The dispersed silicone conditioning agent particles can have
a volume average particle diameter ranging from about 0.01
micrometer to about 50 micrometer. For small particle application
to hair, the volume average particle diameters can range from about
0.01 micrometer to about 4 micrometer, from about 0.01 micrometer
to about 2 micrometer, from about 0.01 micrometer to about 0.5
micrometer. For larger particle application to hair, the volume
average particle diameters typically range from about 5 micrometer
to about 125 micrometer, from about 10 micrometer to about 90
micrometer, from about 15 micrometer to about 70 micrometer, and/or
from about 20 micrometer to about 50 micrometer.
[0132] Additional material on silicones including sections
discussing silicone fluids, gums, and resins, as well as
manufacture of silicones, are found in Encyclopedia of Polymer
Science and Engineering, vol. 15, 2d ed., pp 204-308, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc. (1989), which is incorporated herein by
reference.
[0133] Silicone emulsions suitable for the cleansing compositions
described herein can include emulsions of insoluble polysiloxanes
prepared in accordance with the descriptions provided in U.S. Pat.
No. 4,476,282 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
2007/0276087 each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Suitable insoluble polysiloxanes include polysiloxanes such as
alpha, omega hydroxy-terminated polysiloxanes or alpha, omega
alkoxy-terminated polysiloxanes having a molecular weight within
the range from about 50,000 to about 500,000 g/mol. The insoluble
polysiloxane can have an average molecular weight within the range
from about 50,000 to about 500,000 g/mol. For example, the
insoluble polysiloxane may have an average molecular weight within
the range from about 60,000 to about 400,000; from about 75,000 to
about 300,000; from about 100,000 to about 200,000; or the average
molecular weight may be about 150,000 g/mol. The insoluble
polysiloxane can have an average particle size within the range
from about 30 nm to about 10 micron. The average particle size may
be within the range from about 40 nm to about 5 micron, from about
50 nm to about lmicron, from about 75 nm to about 500 nm, or about
100 nm, for example.
[0134] Other classes of silicones suitable for the cleansing
compositions described herein can include i) silicone fluids,
including silicone oils, which are flowable materials having
viscosity less than about 1,000,000 csk as measured at 25.degree.
C.; ii) aminosilicones, which contain at least one primary,
secondary or tertiary amine; iii) cationic silicones, which contain
at least one quaternary ammonium functional group; iv) silicone
gums; which include materials having viscosity greater or equal to
1,000,000 csk as measured at 25.degree. C.; v) silicone resins,
which include highly cross-linked polymeric siloxane systems; vi)
high refractive index silicones, having refractive index of at
least 1.46, and vii) mixtures thereof.
[0135] Alternatively, the cleansing composition can be
substantially free of silicones. As used herein, substantially free
of silicones means from about 0 to about 0.2 wt. %.
[0136] Organic Conditioning Materials
[0137] The conditioning agent of the cleansing compositions
described herein can also include at least one organic conditioning
material such as oil or wax, either alone or in combination with
other conditioning agents, such as the silicones described above.
The organic material can be non-polymeric, oligomeric or polymeric.
The organic material can be in the form of an oil or wax and can be
added in the cleansing formulation neat or in a pre-emulsified
form. Suitable examples of organic conditioning materials can
include: i) hydrocarbon oils; ii) polyolefins, iii) fatty esters,
iv) fluorinated conditioning compounds, v) fatty alcohols, vi)
alkyl glucosides and alkyl glucoside derivatives; vii) quaternary
ammonium compounds; viii) polyethylene glycols and polypropylene
glycols having a molecular weight of up to about 2,000,000
including those with CTFA names PEG-200, PEG-400, PEG-600,
PEG-1000, PEG-2M, PEG-7M, PEG-14M, PEG-45M and mixtures
thereof.
Emulsifiers
[0138] A variety of anionic and nonionic emulsifiers can be used in
the cleansing composition of the present invention. The anionic and
nonionic emulsifiers can be either monomeric or polymeric in
nature. Monomeric examples include, by way of illustrating and not
limitation, alkyl ethoxylates, alkyl sulfates, soaps, and fatty
esters and their derivatives. Polymeric examples include, by way of
illustrating and not limitation, polyacrylates, polyethylene
glycols, and block copolymers and their derivatives. Naturally
occurring emulsifiers such as lanolins, lecithin and lignin and
their derivatives are also non-limiting examples of useful
emulsifiers.
Chelating Agents
[0139] The cleansing composition can also comprise a chelant.
Suitable chelants include those listed in A E Martell & R M
Smith, Critical Stability Constants, Vol. 1, Plenum Press, New York
& London (1974) and A E Martell & R D Hancock, Metal
Complexes in Aqueous Solution, Plenum Press, New York & London
(1996) both incorporated herein by reference. When related to
chelants, the term "salts and derivatives thereof" means the salts
and derivatives comprising the same functional structure (e.g.,
same chemical backbone) as the chelant they are referring to and
that have similar or better chelating properties. This term include
alkali metal, alkaline earth, ammonium, substituted ammonium (i.e.
monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium, triethanolammonium) salts,
esters of chelants having an acidic moiety and mixtures thereof, in
particular all sodium, potassium or ammonium salts. The term
"derivatives" also includes "chelating surfactant" compounds, such
as those exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 5,284,972, and large
molecules comprising one or more chelating groups having the same
functional structure as the parent chelants, such as polymeric EDDS
(ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid) disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
5,747,440. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,284,972 and 5,747,440 are each
incorporated by reference herein. Suitable chelants can further
include histidine.
[0140] Levels of an EDDS chelant or histidine chelant in the
cleansing compositions can be low. For example, an EDDS chelant or
histidine chelant can be included at about 0.01%, by weight. Above
about 10% by weight, formulation and/or human safety concerns can
arise. The level of an EDDS chelant or histidine chelant can be at
least about 0.01%, by weight, at least about 0.05%, by weight, at
least about 0.1%, by weight, at least about 0.25%, by weight, at
least about 0.5%, by weight, at least about 1%, by weight, or at
least about 2%, by weight, by weight of the cleansing
composition.
[0141] Gel Network
[0142] A cleansing composition can also include a fatty alcohol gel
network. Gel networks are formed by combining fatty alcohols and
surfactants in the ratio of from about 1:1 to about 40:1, from
about 2:1 to about 20:1, and/or from about 3:1 to about 10:1. The
formation of a gel network involves heating a dispersion of the
fatty alcohol in water with the surfactant to a temperature above
the melting point of the fatty alcohol. During the mixing process,
the fatty alcohol melts, allowing the surfactant to partition into
the fatty alcohol droplets. The surfactant brings water along with
it into the fatty alcohol. This changes the isotropic fatty alcohol
drops into liquid crystalline phase drops. When the mixture is
cooled below the chain melt temperature, the liquid crystal phase
is converted into a solid crystalline gel network. Gel networks can
provide a number of benefits to cleansing compositions. For
example, a gel network can provide a stabilizing benefit to
cosmetic creams and hair conditioners. In addition, gel networks
can provide conditioned feel benefits to hair conditioners and
shampoos.
[0143] A fatty alcohol can be included in the gel network at a
level by weight of from about 0.05%, by weight, to about 14%, by
weight. For example, the fatty alcohol can be included in an amount
ranging from about 1%, by weight, to about 10%, by weight, and/or
from about 6%, by weight, to about 8%, by weight.
[0144] Suitable fatty alcohols include those having from about 10
to about 40 carbon atoms, from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms,
from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms, and/or about 16 to about 18
carbon atoms. These fatty alcohols can be straight or branched
chain alcohols and can be saturated or unsaturated. Nonlimiting
examples of fatty alcohols include cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol,
behenyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof. Mixtures of cetyl and
stearyl alcohol in a ratio of from about 20:80 to about 80:20 are
suitable.
[0145] A gel network can be prepared by charging a vessel with
water. The water can then be heated to about 74.degree. C. Cetyl
alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and surfactant can then be added to the
heated water. After incorporation, the resulting mixture can passed
through a heat exchanger where the mixture is cooled to about
35.degree. C. Upon cooling, the fatty alcohols and surfactant
crystallized can form crystalline gel network. Table 1 provides the
components and their respective amounts for an example gel network
composition.
[0146] To prepare the gel network pre-mix of Table 1, water is
heated to about 74.degree. C. and the fatty alcohol and gel network
surfactant are added to it in the quantities depicted in Table 1.
After incorporation, this mixture is passed through a mill and heat
exchanger where it is cooled to about 32.degree. C. As a result of
this cooling step, the fatty alcohol, the gel network surfactant,
and the water form a crystalline gel network.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Premix % Gel Network Surfactant.sup.1 11.00
Stearyl Alcohol 8% Cetyl Alcohol 4% Water QS .sup.1For anionic gel
networks, suitable gel network surfactants above include
surfactants with a net negative charge including sulfonates,
carboxylates, and phosphates among others and mixtures thereof.
For cationic gel networks, suitable gel network surfactants above
include surfactants with a net positive charge including quaternary
ammonium surfactants and mixtures thereof. For Amphoteric or
Zwitterionic gel networks, suitable gel network surfactants above
include surfactants with both a positive and negative charge at
product usage pH including betaines, amine oxides, sultaines, amino
acids among others and mixtures thereof.
Benefit Agents
[0147] A cleansing composition can further include one or more
benefit agents. Exemplary benefit agents include, but are not
limited to, particles, colorants, perfume microcapsules, gel
networks, and other insoluble skin or hair conditioning agents such
as skin silicones, natural oils such as sun flower oil or castor
oil. The benefit agent can be selected from the group consisting
of: particles; colorants; perfume microcapsules; gel networks;
other insoluble skin or hair conditioning agents such as skin
silicones, natural oils such as sun flower oil or castor oil; and
mixtures thereof.
Suspending Agent
[0148] A cleansing composition can include a suspending agent at
concentrations effective for suspending water-insoluble material in
dispersed form in the compositions or for modifying the viscosity
of the composition. Such concentrations range from about 0.05% to
about 10%, and from about 0.3% to about 5.0%, by weight of the
compositions. As can be appreciated however, suspending agents may
not be necessary when certain glyceride ester crystals are included
as certain glyceride ester crystals can act as suitable suspending
or structuring agents.
[0149] Suitable suspending agents can include anionic polymers and
nonionic polymers. Useful herein are vinyl polymers such as cross
linked acrylic acid polymers with the CTFA name Carbomer, cellulose
derivatives and modified cellulose polymers such as methyl
cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl
methyl cellulose, nitro cellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate, sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose, crystalline cellulose, cellulose powder,
polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, guar gum, hydroxypropyl
guar gum, xanthan gum, arabia gum, tragacanth, galactan, carob gum,
guar gum, karaya gum, carragheenin, pectin, agar, quince seed
(Cydonia oblonga Mill), starch (rice, corn, potato, wheat), algae
colloids (algae extract), microbiological polymers such as dextran,
succinoglucan, pulleran, starch-based polymers such as
carboxymethyl starch, methylhydroxypropyl starch, alginic
acid-based polymers such as sodium alginate, alginic acid propylene
glycol esters, acrylate polymers such as sodium polyacrylate,
polyethylacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyethyleneimine, and inorganic
water soluble material such as bentonite, aluminum magnesium
silicate, laponite, hectonite, and anhydrous silicic acid.
[0150] Other suitable suspending agents can include crystalline
suspending agents which can be categorized as acyl derivatives,
long chain amine oxides, and mixtures thereof. Examples of such
suspending agents are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,741,855, which
is incorporated herein by reference. Suitable suspending agents
include ethylene glycol esters of fatty acids having from 16 to 22
carbon atoms. The suspending agent can be an ethylene glycol
stearates, both mono and distearate, but particularly the
distearate containing less than about 7% of the mono stearate.
Other suitable suspending agents include alkanol amides of fatty
acids, having from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms, alternatively
from about 16 to about 18 carbon atoms, suitable examples of which
include stearic monoethanolamide, stearic diethanolamide, stearic
monoisopropanolamide and stearic monoethanolamide stearate. Other
long chain acyl derivatives include long chain esters of long chain
fatty acids (e.g., stearyl stearate, cetyl palmitate, etc.); long
chain esters of long chain alkanol amides (e.g., stearamide
diethanolamide distearate, stearamide monoethanolamide stearate);
and glyceryl esters as previously described. Long chain acyl
derivatives, ethylene glycol esters of long chain carboxylic acids,
long chain amine oxides, and alkanol amides of long chain
carboxylic acids can also be used as suspending agents.
[0151] Other long chain acyl derivatives suitable for use as
suspending agents include N,N-dihydrocarbyl amido benzoic acid and
soluble salts thereof (e.g., Na, K), particularly
N,N-di(hydrogenated) C16, C18 and tallow amido benzoic acid species
of this family, which are commercially available from Stepan
Company (Northfield, Ill., USA).
[0152] Examples of suitable long chain amine oxides for use as
suspending agents include alkyl dimethyl amine oxides, e.g.,
stearyl dimethyl amine oxide.
[0153] Other suitable suspending agents include primary amines
having a fatty alkyl moiety having at least about 16 carbon atoms,
examples of which include palmitamine or stearamine, and secondary
amines having two fatty alkyl moieties each having at least about
12 carbon atoms, examples of which include dipalmitoylamine or
di(hydrogenated tallow)amine Still other suitable suspending agents
include di(hydrogenated tallow)phthalic acid amide, and crosslinked
maleic anhydride-methyl vinyl ether copolymer.
[0154] Other suitable suspending agents include crystallizable
glyceride esters. For example, in certain embodiments, suitable
glyceride esters are hydrogenated castor oils such as
trihydroxystearin or dihydroxystearin. Examples of additional
crystallizable glyceride esters can include the substantially pure
triglyceride of 12-hydroxystearic acid. 12-hydroxystearic acid is
the pure form of a fully hydrogenated triglyceride of
12-hydrox-9-cis-octadecenoic acid. As can be appreciated, many
additional glyceride esters are possible. For example, variations
in the hydrogenation process and natural variations in castor oil
can enable the production of additional suitable glyceride esters
from castor oil.
Viscosity Modifiers
[0155] Viscosity modifiers can be used to modify the rheology of a
cleansing composition. Suitable viscosity modifiers can include
Carbomers with tradenames Carbopol 934, Carbopol 940, Carbopol 950,
Carbopol 980, and Carbopol 981, all available from B. F. Goodrich
Company, acrylates/steareth-20 methacrylate copolymer with
tradename ACRYSOL 22 available from Rohm and Hass, nonoxynyl
hydroxyethylcellulose with tradename AMERCELL POLYMER HM-1500
available from Amerchol, methylcellulose with tradename BENECEL,
hydroxyethyl cellulose with tradename NATROSOL, hydroxypropyl
cellulose with tradename KLUCEL, cetyl hydroxyethyl cellulose with
tradename POLYSURF 67, all supplied by Hercules, ethylene oxide
and/or propylene oxide based polymers with tradenames CARBOWAX
PEGs, POLYOX WASRs, and UCON FLUIDS, all supplied by Amerchol.
Sodium chloride can also be used as a viscosity modifier. Other
suitable rheology modifiers can include cross-linked acrylates,
cross-linked maleic anhydride co-methylvinylethers, hydrophobically
modified associative polymers, and mixtures thereof.
[0156] The cleansing composition can have a viscosity of about 1 cP
to about 20,000 cP, or from about 100 cps to about 15,000 cps, or
from 2,500 cP to about 12,000 cP, or from 1 cP to about 5000 cP, or
from about 3,500 cP to about 8,500 cP, measured at 26.6.degree. C.
with a Brookfield R/S Plus Rheometer at 2 s.sup.-1. cP means
centipoises.
Dispersed Particles
[0157] Dispersed particles as known in the art can be included in a
cleansing composition. If including such dispersed particles, the
particles can be incorporated, by weight of the composition, at
levels of about 0.025% or more, about 0.05% or more, about 0.1% or
more, about 0.25% or more, and about 0.5% or more. However, the
cleansing compositions can also contain, by weight of the
composition, about 20% or fewer dispersed particles, about 10% or
fewer dispersed particles, about 5% or fewer dispersed particles,
about 3% or fewer dispersed particles, and about 2% or fewer
dispersed particles.
[0158] As can be appreciated, a cleansing composition can include
still further optional components. For example, amino acids can be
included. Suitable amino acids can include water soluble vitamins
such as vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12, C, pantothenic acid, pantothenyl
ethyl ether, panthenol, biotin, and their derivatives, water
soluble amino acids such as asparagine, alanin, indole, glutamic
acid and their salts, water insoluble vitamins such as vitamin A,
D, E, and their derivatives, water insoluble amino acids such as
tyrosine, tryptamine, and their salts.
[0159] Anti-dandruff agents can be included. As can be appreciated,
the formation of a coacervate can facilitate deposition of the
anti-dandruff agent to the scalp.
[0160] A cleansing composition can optionally include pigment
materials such as inorganic, nitroso, monoazo, disazo, carotenoid,
triphenyl methane, triaryl methane, xanthene, quinoline, oxazine,
azine, anthraquinone, indigoid, thionindigoid, quinacridone,
phthalocianine, botanical, natural colors, including: water soluble
components such as those having C. I. Names. The compositions can
also include antimicrobial agents which are useful as cosmetic
biocides and antidandruff agents including: water soluble
components such as piroctone olamine, water insoluble components
such as 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide (trichlosan), triclocarban and
zinc pyrithione.
[0161] One or more stabilizers can be included. For example, one or
more of ethylene glycol distearate, citric, citrate, a preservative
such as kathon, sodium benzoate, sodium salicylate and
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ("EDTA") can be included to improve
the lifespan of a cleansing composition.
Foam Dispenser
[0162] The shampoo composition can be stored and dispensed from an
aerosol foam dispenser that can include a reservoir for holding the
shampoo composition. The reservoir may be made from any suitable
material including materials selected from the group consisting of
plastic, metal, alloy, laminate, and combinations thereof. The
reservoir may be for one-time use. The reservoir may be removable
from the aerosol foam dispenser. Alternatively, the reservoir may
be integrated with the aerosol foam dispenser. Alternatively, there
may be two or more reservoirs.
[0163] The reservoir may be comprised of a material selected from
the group consisting of rigid materials, flexible materials, and
combinations thereof. The reservoir may be comprised of a rigid
material if it does not collapse under external atmospheric
pressure when it is subject to an interior partial vacuum.
[0164] Alternatively, the hair composition can be stored and
dispensed from a mechanical foam dispenser. Non-limiting examples
of suitable pump dispensers include those described in WO
2004/078903, WO 2004/078901, and WO 2005/078063 and may be supplied
by Albea (60 Electric Ave., Thomaston, Conn. 06787 USA) or Rieke
Packaging Systems (500 West Seventh St., Auburn, Ind. 46706).
[0165] The shampoo composition can be stored and dispensed from a
squeeze foam dispenser. An example of squeeze foamer is EZ'R
available from Albea.
[0166] The shampoo composition and/or the dispenser can be free or
substantially free of a propellant, for instance aerosol
propellants.
Propellant
[0167] The shampoo composition described herein may comprise from
about from about 2% to about 10% propellant, alternatively from
about 3% to about 8% propellant, and alternatively from about 4% to
about 7% propellant, by weight of the shampoo.
[0168] The propellant may comprise one or more volatile materials,
which in a gaseous state, may carry the other components of the
shampoo in particulate or droplet form. The propellant may have a
boiling point within the range of from about -45.degree. C. to
about 5.degree. C. The propellant may be liquefied when packaged in
convention aerosol containers under pressure. The rapid boiling of
the propellant upon leaving the aerosol foam dispenser may aid in
the atomization of the other components of the shampoo
composition.
[0169] Aerosol propellants which may be employed in the aerosol
composition may include the chemically-inert hydrocarbons such as
propane, n-butane, isobutane, cyclopropane, and mixtures thereof,
as well as halogenated hydrocarbons such as
dichlorodifluoromethane, 1,1-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane,
1-chloro-1,1-difluoro-2,2-trifluoroethane,
1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene, 1,1-difluoroethane, dimethyl ether,
monochlorodifluoromethane, trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO
1234ze available by Honeywell), and mixtures thereof. The
propellant may comprise hydrocarbons such as isobutane, propane,
and butane--these materials may be used for their low ozone
reactivity and may be used as individual components where their
vapor pressures at 21.1.degree. C. range from about 1.17 Bar to
about 7.45 Bar, alternatively from about 1.17 Bar to about 4.83
Bar, and alternatively from about 2.14 Bar to about 3.79 Bar. The
propellant may comprise hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs).
[0170] Compositions that use an HFO propellant can have a higher
foam densities (approximately 2.times. greater) versus hydrocarbon
propellants and at equal formula pressure and formula % saturated
pressure. The higher density can enable higher gravimetric foam
dosage per unit volume of the resulting dispensed foam shampoo.
This means that a consumer could use a smaller volume of foam to
achieve similar results when using a less dense foam.
The pressure and % saturated pressure can be important to enable
sufficient foam dispensing over the life of the product (from
beginning to middle to end of the pressurized container). The
1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene can also enable significantly greater
gloss or shine of the dispensed foam.
Method of Making a Cleansing Composition
[0171] A cleansing composition described herein can be formed
similarly to known cleansing compositions. For example, the process
of making a cleansing composition can include the step of mixing
the surfactant, cationic polymer, and liquid carrier together to
form a cleansing composition.
Test Methods
A. Clarity Assessment
Measurement of % Transmittance (% T)
[0172] Techniques for analysis of formation of complex coacervates
are known in the art. One method to assess coacervate formation
upon dilution for a transparent or translucent composition is to
use a spectrophotometer to measure the percentage of light
transmitted through the diluted sample (% T). As percent light
transmittance (% T) values measured of the dilution decrease,
typically higher levels of coacervate are formed. Dilutions samples
at various weight ratios of water to composition can be prepared,
for example 2 parts of water to 1 part composition (2:1), or 7.5
parts of water to 1 part composition (7.5:1), or 16 parts of water
to 1 part composition (16:1), or 34 parts of water to 1 part
composition (34:1), and the % T measured for each dilution ratio
sample. Examples of possible dilution ratios may include 2:1, 3:1,
5:1, 7.5:1, 11:1, 16:1, 24:1, or 34:1. By averaging the % T values
for samples that span a range of dilution ratios, it is possible to
simulate and ascertain how much coacervate a composition on average
would form as a consumer applies the composition to wet hair,
lathers, and then rinses it out. Average % T can be calculated by
taking the numerical average of individual % T measurements for the
following dilution ratios: 2:1, 3:1, 5:1, 7.5:1, 11:1, 16:1, 24:1,
and 34:1.
[0173] % T can be measured using Ultra-Violet/Visible (UV/VI)
spectrophotometry which determines the transmission of UV/VIS light
through a sample. A light wavelength of 600 nm has been shown to be
adequate for characterizing the degree of light transmittance
through a sample. Typically, it is best to follow the specific
instructions relating to the specific spectrophotometer being used.
In general, the procedure for measuring percent transmittance
starts by setting the spectrophotometer to 600 nm. Then a
calibration "blank" is run to calibrate the readout to 100 percent
transmittance. A single test sample is then placed in a cuvette
designed to fit the specific spectrophotometer and care is taken to
insure no air bubbles are within the sample before the % T is
measured by the spectrophotometer at 600 nm. Alternatively,
multiple samples can be measured simultaneously by using a
spectrophotometer such as the SpectraMax M-5 available from
Molecular Devices. Multiple dilution samples can be prepared within
a 96 well plate (VWR catalog#82006-448) and then transferred to a
96 well visible flat bottom plate (Greiner part #655-001), ensuring
that no air bubbles are within the sample. The flat bottom plate is
placed within the SpectraMax M-5 and % T measured using the
Software Pro v.5.TM. software available from Molecular Devices.
B. Lasentec FBRM Method
[0174] The composition does not contain coacervate prior to
dilution. One option to measure lack of coacervate is using
Lasentec FBRM Method with no dilution. A Lasentec Focused Beam
Reflectance Method (FBRM) [model S400A available from Mettler
Toledo Corp] may be used to determine floc size and amount as
measured by chord length and particle counts/sec (counts per sec).
The composition containing only surfactants substantially free from
sulfates, optionally amphoteric surfactants, cationic deposition
polymers and a low level of inorganic salt does not contain flocs.
The composition with other materials added does not contain flocs
of different particle size than the particle size of the other
materials added.
C. Coacervate Quantity
Coacervate Centrifuge Method
[0175] Presence of coacervate can be measured by centrifuging a
cleansing composition and measuring coacervate gravimetrically. The
cleansing composition containing only surfactants substantially
free from sulfates, amphoteric surfactants, cationic deposition
polymers and a low level of inorganic salt is centrifuged for 20
minutes at 9200 rpm using a Beckman Couller TJ25 centrifuge.
Several time/rpm combinations can be used. The supernatant is then
removed and the remaining settled coacervate assessed
gravimetrically. % Coacervate is calculated as the weight of
settled coacervate as a percentage of the weight of cleansing
composition added to the centrifuge tube using the equation below.
This quantifies the percentage of the cleansing composition the
participates in the coacervate phase. The % coacervate for
composition containing surfactants substantially free from
sulfates, optionally amphoteric surfactants, cationic deposition
polymers and a low level of inorganic salt is 0%.
% Coacervate = Weight of settled coacervate Weight of shampoo added
to centrifuge tube .times. 100 ##EQU00001##
D. Lather Characterization
Kruss DFA100 Lather Characterization
[0176] A cleansing composition dilution of 10 parts by weight water
to 1 part by weight cleanser is prepared. The shampoo dilution is
dispensed into the Kruss DFA100 which generates the lather and
measures lather properties.
E. Wet Combing Characterization
Wet Combing Force Method
[0177] Hair switches of 4 grams general population hair at 8 inches
length are used for the measurement. Each hair switch is treated
with 4 cycles (1 lather/rinse steps per cycle, 0.1 gm cleansing
composition/gm hair on each lather/rinse step, drying between each
cycle) with the cleansing composition. Four switches are treated
with each shampoo. The hair is not dried after the last treatment
cycle. While the hair is wet, the hair is pulled through the fine
tooth half of two Beautician 3000 combs. Force to pull the hair
switch through the combs is measured by a friction analyzer (such
as Instron or MTS tensile measurement) with a load cell and
outputted in gram-force (gf). The pull is repeated for a total of
five pulls per switch. Average wet combing force is calculated by
averaging the force measurement from the five pulls across the four
hair switches treated with each cleansing composition. Data can be
shown as average wet combing force through one or both of the two
combs.
EXAMPLES
[0178] The following Examples illustrate various cleansing
compositions. Each cleansing composition is prepared by
conventional formulation and mixing techniques.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 Experiments with combination of surfactants
and cationic polymers (Active %) Inventive Examples 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Disodium laureth 10.0 10.0 10.0 -- 10.0 -- 10.0 10.0 sulfosuccinate
.sup.1 Sodium Lauroyl -- -- -- 10.0 -- -- -- -- methyl
isethionate.sup.2 Sodium cocoyl 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
isethionate .sup.3 Lauramidopropyl 5.0 5.0 10.0 5.8 10.0 3.0 10.0
10.0 betaine .sup.4 Cocamidopropyl -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- betaine
.sup.5 Sodium cocoyl 5.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- alaninate .sup.6
Sodium cocoyl -- 5.0 -- 5.0 -- 15.0 -- -- glutamate .sup.7 Sodium
cocoyl -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- alaninate .sup.8 Disodium cocoyl --
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- glutamate .sup.9 Polyquaternium10.sup.10 0.35
0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.20 0.35 0.35 Polyquaternium 6.sup.11 0.20
0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 -- 0.20 0.20 NaCl.sup.12 -- -- -- -- 0.68 -- --
-- Tetrasodium 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16
ethylenediaminetetra acetate .sup.13 Sodium benzoate.sup.14 0.24
0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.50 Methyl chloro 0.0004 0.0004
0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 -- isothiazolinone and Methyl
isothiazolinone .sup.15 Dimethiconol and -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.0 --
Dimethicone.sup.26 Trihydroxystearin.sup.24 -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1
-- Dimethiconol.sup.25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.0 Perfume 2.0 2.0 2.0
2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Citric acid.sup.16 To pH To pH To pH To pH To
pH To pH To pH To pH 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 2.0 DI Water Q.S.
Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Viscosity, cps 179 474 1958 1275
1641 43 8500 1800 Total NaCl % 0.08 0.14 0.12 0.14 0.80 0.24 0.12
0.12 coacervate present No No No No No No No No Coacervate phase
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes after 1:9 dilution
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Comparative examples (Active %) Comparative
Examples A B C D E Disodium laureth sulfosuccinate .sup.1 10.0 10.0
-- 10.0 -- Sodium Lauroyl methyl isethionate.sup.2 -- -- 10.0 -- --
Sodium cocoyl isethionate .sup.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5 Lauramidopropyl
betaine .sup.4 5.0 10.0 5.8 -- 3 Cocamidopropyl betaine .sup.5 --
-- -- 10.0 -- Sodium cocoyl alaninate .sup.6 -- -- -- -- -- Sodium
cocoyl glutamate .sup.7 -- -- -- -- -- Sodium cocoyl alaninate
.sup.8 5.0 -- -- -- -- Disodium cocoyl glutamate .sup.9 -- -- 5.0
-- 15 Polyquaternium10.sup.10 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.20
Polyquaternium 6.sup.11 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 -- NaCl.sup.12 -- 0.96
-- -- -- Tetrasodiumethylenediaminetetraacetate .sup.13 0.16 0.16
0.16 0.16 0.16 Sodium benzoate.sup.14 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24
Methyl chloro isothiazolinone 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004
and Methyl isothiazolinone .sup.15 Perfume 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Citric acid.sup.16 To pH 6.0 To pH 6.0 To pH 6.0 To pH 6.0 To pH
6.0 DI Water Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Viscosity, cps 2096 1555 3634
157 43 Total NaCl % 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.7 2.75 Coacervate present Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 3 Experiments with single surfactant and
polymer (all materials in table are active). Inventive Examples
EXAMPLE# 9 10 11 12 13 Water 74.87% 74.57% 83.48% 83.50% 74.17%
GUAR HYDROXYPROPYLTRIMONIUM 0.30% 0.30% 0.30% 0.30% 0.30% CHLORIDE
.sup.18 DISODIUM LAURETH SULFOSUCCINATE.sup.1 23.18% 23.18% -- --
23.18% Sodium Cocoyl Alaninate.sup.6 -- -- 14.22% -- -- Sodium
cocoyl Glycinate.sup.17 -- 14.24% Citric Acid.sup.16 0.20% 0.20%
0.20% 0.10% 0.20% Sodium Benzoate .sup.14 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25%
0.25% Cocamidopropyl Betaine.sup.5 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Perfume 0.90% 0.90% 0.90% 0.90% 0.90% Methylchloroisothiazolinone/
0.00075% 0.00075% 0.00075% 0.00075% 0.00075%
Methylisothiazolinone.sup.15 Total Sodium Chloride 0.30% 0.60%
0.65% 0.71% 1.0% (including from surfactant) Coacervate present No
No No No No Comparative examples EXAMPLE# F G H I Water 73.39%
73.32% 80.91% 81.00% GUAR HYDROXYPROPYLTRIMONIUM 0.30% 0.30% 0.30%
0.30% CHLORIDE .sup.18 DISODIUM LAURETH SULFOSUCCINATE.sup.1 22.21%
23.18% 0.00% -- Sodium Cocoyl Alaninate.sup.6 -- -- 14.22% --
Sodium cocoyl Glycinate.sup.17 14.24% Citric Acid.sup.16 0.20%
0.20% 0.20% 0.10% Sodium Benzoate .sup.14 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25%
Cocamidopropyl Betaine.sup.5 1.50% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Perfume 0.90%
0.90% 0.90% 0.90% Methylchloroisothiazolinone/ 0.00075% 0.00075%
0.00075% 0.00075% Methylisothiazolinone.sup.15 Total Sodium
Chloride 1.25% 1.75% 3.12% 3.21% (including from surfactant)
Coacervate present Yes Yes Yes Yes
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 4 Inventive Examples (Active %) Inventive
Examples 14 15 16 17 18 Lauramidopropyl Betaine.sup.4 9.75 9.75
9.75 9.75 9.75 Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate.sup.3 6 6 6 6 6 Sodium
Lauroyl Sarcosinate.sup.19 -- -- -- 4 -- Polyquaternium-10.sup.20
-- -- 0.8 0.8 0.8 Polyquaternium-10.sup.10 0.8 -- -- -- Guar
Hydroxypropyltrimonium 0.8 -- -- -- -- Chloride.sup.21 Acrylates
Copolymer.sup.23 -- -- -- -- 0.06 Water-USP Purified, Q.S. to 100
Q.S. to 100 Q.S. to 100 Q.S. to 100 Q.S. to 100 Preservatives, pH
Adjusters, Fragrance and Optional Components Total Sodium Chloride
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 (including from surfactant) Coacervate present
No No No No No before dilution
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 5 Sodium Chloride leveling experiments (Active
%) Inventive Inventive Comparative Example Example Example 19 20 J
Cocamidopropyl 7.12 7.12 7.12 Betaine.sup.22 Sodium Cocoyl 6 6 6
Isethionate.sup.3 Polyquaternium-10.sup.20 0.8 0.8 0.8 Sodium
Chloride.sup.12 0.17 0.67 1.17 Water-USP Purified, Q.S. to 100 Q.S.
to 100 Q.S. to 100 Preservatives, pH Adjusters, Fragrance and
Optional Components Total Sodium Chloride 0.22 0.72 1.22 (including
from surfactant) Coacervate present No No Yes
[0179] 1. Chemccinate.TM. DSLS from Lubrizol [0180] 2. Iselux.RTM.
from Innospec [0181] 3. Jordapon.RTM. CI Prill from BASF [0182] 4.
Mackam DAB ULS from Solvay [0183] 5. Amphosol.RTM. HCA-HP from
Stepan [0184] 6. Eversoft ACS (low salt) from Sino Lion [0185] 7.
Sodium cocoyl glutamate, Hostapon CGN (low salt) from Clariant
[0186] 8. Eversoft ACS-30S (regular salt level) from Sino Lion
[0187] 9. Eversoft.TM. UCS-50SG from Sino-Lion [0188] 10. Poly
JR-30M from Amerchol [0189] 11. Mirapol.RTM. 100s from Solvay
[0190] 12. Sodium chloride from Norton International Inc. [0191]
13. Versene.TM. 220 from Dow.RTM. [0192] 14. Sodium benzoate from
Kalama Chemical [0193] 15. Kathon.TM. CG from Dow.RTM. [0194] 16.
Citric acid from ADM [0195] 17. Amilite GCS-12 from Ajinomoto
[0196] 18. Jaguar C500 from Solvay [0197] 19. Crodasinic LS30/NP
from Croda [0198] 20. UCARE.TM. Polymer LR-30M from DOW [0199] 21.
Dehyquart Guar from BASF [0200] 22. Dehyton PK 45 from BASF with
Sodium Chloride removed, resulting in 33.05% Dry Residue, 0.21%
Sodium Chloride [0201] 23. Rheocare TTA from BASF [0202] 24.
Thixcin R from Elementis [0203] 25. Xiameter MEM-1872 Emulsion from
DOW [0204] 26. Belsil DM 5500 E from Wacker
[0205] It will be appreciated that other modifications of the
present disclosure are within the skill of those in the hair care
formulation art can be undertaken without departing from the spirit
and scope of this invention. All parts, percentages, and ratios
herein are by weight unless otherwise specified. Some components
may come from suppliers as dilute solutions. The levels given
reflect the weight percent of the active material, unless otherwise
specified. A level of perfume and/or preservatives may also be
included in the following examples.
[0206] The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be
understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values
recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension
is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally
equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension
disclosed as "40 mm" is intended to mean "about 40 mm"
[0207] Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced
or related patent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by
reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise
limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it
is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed
herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other
reference or references, teaches, suggests, or discloses any such
invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of
a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of
the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning
or definition assigned to that term in this document shall
govern.
[0208] While particular embodiments of the present invention have
been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those
skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can
be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims
all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of
this invention.
* * * * *