U.S. patent application number 16/143937 was filed with the patent office on 2019-03-28 for method and apparatus for managing dual registration with multiple networks in one or more radio communication systems.
The applicant listed for this patent is Lenovo (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.. Invention is credited to Prateek Basu Mallick, Alexander Golitschek Edler von Elbwart, Ravi Kuchibhotla, Joachim Lohr, Genadi Velev.
Application Number | 20190098597 16/143937 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 64607032 |
Filed Date | 2019-03-28 |
United States Patent
Application |
20190098597 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Basu Mallick; Prateek ; et
al. |
March 28, 2019 |
Method and Apparatus for Managing Dual Registration with Multiple
Networks in One or More Radio Communication Systems
Abstract
A method and apparatus provides for managing dual registration
in one or more radio communication systems. The one or more radio
communication systems include multiple networks, each of the
multiple networks supporting a different radio access technology. A
communication connection is established between the user equipment
and a first one of the multiple networks. A further communication
connection is established between the user equipment and a second
one of the multiple networks via the first one of the multiple
networks, while maintaining the communication connection between
the user equipment and the first one of the multiple networks. When
routing one or more data packets to either of the first one and the
second one of the multiple networks via the respective
communication connection, the data packet is transmitted to the
first one of the multiple networks, where a determination is made
as to an intended destination of the data packet, the data packet
is then routed to the second one of the multiple networks, when the
intended destination of the data packet is determined to be the
second one of the multiple networks.
Inventors: |
Basu Mallick; Prateek;
(Langen, DE) ; Lohr; Joachim; (Wiesbaden, DE)
; Velev; Genadi; (Darmstadt, DE) ; Kuchibhotla;
Ravi; (Clarendon Hills, IL) ; Golitschek Edler von
Elbwart; Alexander; (Darmstadt, DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Lenovo (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. |
New Tech Park |
|
SG |
|
|
Family ID: |
64607032 |
Appl. No.: |
16/143937 |
Filed: |
September 27, 2018 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
62565031 |
Sep 28, 2017 |
|
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|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04L 45/04 20130101;
H04W 76/16 20180201; H04W 8/06 20130101; H04W 52/367 20130101; H04W
88/06 20130101; H04W 36/0069 20180801; H04W 76/27 20180201; H04W
40/02 20130101; H04W 80/08 20130101; H04W 76/15 20180201; H04W
12/02 20130101; H04W 48/18 20130101; H04W 60/005 20130101 |
International
Class: |
H04W 60/00 20060101
H04W060/00; H04W 76/15 20060101 H04W076/15; H04W 88/06 20060101
H04W088/06; H04W 8/06 20060101 H04W008/06; H04L 12/715 20060101
H04L012/715; H04W 40/02 20060101 H04W040/02; H04W 36/00 20060101
H04W036/00; H04W 80/08 20060101 H04W080/08 |
Claims
1. A method in a user equipment for managing dual registration in
one or more radio communication systems, the one or more radio
communication systems including multiple networks each supporting a
different radio access technology, the method comprising:
establishing a communication connection between the user equipment
and a first one of the multiple networks; and establishing a
communication connection between the user equipment and a second
one of the multiple networks via the first one of the multiple
networks, while maintaining the communication connection between
the user equipment and the first one of the multiple networks;
wherein when routing one or more data packets to either of the
first one and the second one of the multiple networks via the
respective communication connection, the data packet is transmitted
to the first one of the multiple networks, where a determination is
made as to an intended destination of the data packet, the data
packet is then routed to the second one of the multiple networks,
when the intended destination of the data packet is determined to
be the second one of the multiple networks.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the user equipment
couples to the multiple networks via a base transceiver station
associated with the first one of the multiple networks.
3. A method in accordance with claim 2, wherein the base
transceiver station is coupled to a respective main signaling node
of each of the first one and the second one of the multiple
networks.
4. A method in accordance with claim 3, wherein the base
transceiver station is coupled to the main signaling node of the
second one of the multiple networks via the main signaling node of
the first one of the multiple networks.
5. A method in accordance with claim 3, wherein the base
transceiver station is coupled to each respective one of the first
one and the second one of the multiple networks via a respective
path of coupling, where the respective path of coupling is separate
from the main signaling node of the other one of the first one and
second one of the multiple networks.
6. A method in accordance with claim 3, wherein the respective main
signaling nodes of the first one and the second one of the multiple
networks include an access and mobility management function (AMF)
and a mobility management entity (MME).
7. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein an intended
destination of a particular one of the one or more data packets is
determined by reading a registered identity value of a target
entity from an associated one of the multiple networks, which is
included as part of the data packet.
8. A method in accordance with claim 7, wherein the registered
identity value of a target entity includes an associated address
value.
9. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein a selectively set
flag associated with a data packet identifies an intended
destination as being one of the multiple networks.
10. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein information
included inside the data packet is inspected to identify the
intended destination.
11. A method in accordance with claim 10, wherein the information
included inside the data packet that is inspected includes one or
more of a core network type address, user equipment address, or
protocol message.
12. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein a data radio
bearer for each of the multiple networks is maintained in
parallel.
13. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein using the
communication connection of a particular one of the multiple
networks includes using security keys and algorithms of the
particular one of the multiple network being used.
14. A user equipment for managing dual registration in one or more
radio communication systems, the one or more radio communication
systems including multiple networks each supporting a different
radio access technology, the user equipment comprising: a
transceiver that establishes a communication connection between the
user equipment and a first one of the multiple networks, and
establishes a communication connection between the user equipment
and a second one of the multiple networks via the first one of the
multiple networks, while maintaining the communication connection
between the user equipment and the first one of the multiple
networks; and a controller wherein when routing one or more data
packets to either of the first one and the second one of the
multiple networks via the respective communication connection, the
controller transmits the data packet via the transceiver to the
first one of the multiple networks, where a determination is made
as to an intended destination of the data packet, the data packet
is then routed by the controller via the transceiver to the second
one of the multiple networks, when the intended destination of the
data packet is determined to be the second one of the multiple
networks.
15. A user equipment in accordance with claim 14, wherein the user
equipment couples to the multiple networks via a base transceiver
station associated with the first one of the multiple networks.
16. A user equipment in accordance with claim 15, wherein the base
transceiver station is coupled to a respective main signaling node
of each of the first one and the second one of the multiple
networks.
17. A user equipment in accordance with claim 16, wherein the base
transceiver station is coupled to the main signaling node of the
second one of the multiple networks via the main signaling node of
the first one of the multiple networks.
18. A user equipment in accordance with claim 16, wherein the base
transceiver station is coupled to each respective one of the first
one and the second one of the multiple networks via a respective
path of coupling, where the respective path of coupling is separate
from the main signaling node of the other one of the first one and
second one of the multiple networks.
19. A user equipment in accordance with claim 16, wherein the
respective main signaling nodes of the first one and the second one
of the multiple networks include an access and mobility management
function (AMF) and a mobility management entity (MME).
20. A user equipment in accordance with claim 14, wherein a data
radio bearer for each of the multiple networks is maintained in
parallel by the controller.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present disclosure is directed to a method and apparatus
for managing dual registration in one or more radio communication
systems, which include multiple networks, and more specifically for
the managing of parallel user equipment activity relative to
established communication connections between the user equipment
and the multiple networks, where each network supports a different
radio access technology.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Presently, user equipment, such as wireless communication
devices, communicate with other communication devices using
wireless signals, such as within a network environment that can
include one or more cells within which various communication
connections with the network and other devices operating within the
network can be supported. Network environments often involve one or
more sets of standards, which each define various aspects of any
communication connection being made when using the corresponding
standard within the network environment. Examples of developing
and/or existing standards include new radio access technology (NR),
Long Term Evolution (LTE), Universal Mobile Telecommunications
Service (UMTS), Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM),
and/or Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE).
[0003] The manner in which information is handled and/or the types
of entities within the network available for handling the
information can be different in each type of network.
Correspondingly, there may be instances where a type of service or
an application associated with a particular wireless communication
device will be better suited to a particular one of multiple
different network environments. Which network is better suited may
be different for different services or application. As such, there
may be instances where it may be desirable for a wireless
communication device to maintain an active association with
multiple networks, which can at least sometimes be referred to as
dual registration.
[0004] The present inventors have recognized, that in instances
where dual registration is utilized, it may be helpful for the
multiple communication connections that are established with the
multiple networks and the flow of information therethrough to be
managed through a shared common control element, which can
facilitate parallel user equipment activity in at least a first one
and a second one of the multiple networks, as well as the
corresponding routing of the information to be communicated as part
of the parallel activity.
SUMMARY
[0005] Presently, user equipment, such as wireless communication
devices, communicate with other communication devices using
wireless signals. According to a possible embodiment, a method in a
user equipment for managing dual registration in one or more radio
communication systems is provided. The one or more radio
communication systems include multiple networks, each of the
multiple networks supporting a different radio access technology.
The method includes establishing a communication connection between
the user equipment and a first one of the multiple networks. The
method further includes establishing a communication connection
between the user equipment and a second one of the multiple
networks via the first one of the multiple networks, while
maintaining the communication connection between the user equipment
and the first one of the multiple networks. When routing one or
more data packets to either of the first one and the second one of
the multiple networks via the respective communication connection,
the data packet is transmitted to the first one of the multiple
networks, where a determination is made as to an intended
destination of the data packet, the data packet is then routed to
the second one of the multiple networks, when the intended
destination of the data packet is determined to be the second one
of the multiple networks.
[0006] According to another possible embodiment, a user equipment
for managing dual registration in one or more radio communication
systems is provided. The one or more radio communication systems
include multiple networks each supporting a different radio access
technology. The user equipment includes a transceiver that
establishes a communication connection between the user equipment
and a first one of the multiple networks, and establishes a
communication connection between the user equipment and a second
one of the multiple networks via the first one of the multiple
networks, while maintaining the communication connection between
the user equipment and the first one of the multiple networks. The
user equipment further includes a controller wherein when routing
one or more data packets to either of the first one and the second
one of the multiple networks via the respective communication
connection, the controller transmits the data packet via the
transceiver to the first one of the multiple networks, where a
determination is made as to an intended destination of the data
packet. The data packet is then routed by the controller via the
transceiver to the second one of the multiple networks, when the
intended destination of the data packet is determined to be the
second one of the multiple networks.
[0007] According to another possible embodiment, a method in a
network entity of a first one of multiple networks is provided.
Each network of the multiple networks supports a different radio
access technology. The method includes establishing a communication
connection between the network entity and the user equipment, while
the user equipment has established and is maintaining an
alternative communication connection with a second one of the
multiple networks. Wherein when routing one or more data packets to
either of the first one and the second one of the multiple
networks, the data packet is received by the network entity of the
first one of the multiple networks, where a determination is made
as to an intended destination of the data packet. The data packet
is then routed to the second one of the multiple networks, when the
intended destination of the data packet is determined by the
network entity to be the second one of the multiple networks.
[0008] According to another possible embodiment, a network entity
is provided. The network entity includes a transceiver that
establishes a communication connection between the network entity
and the user equipment, while the user equipment has established
and is maintaining an alternative communication connection with
another network entity associated with a second one of the multiple
networks, where the multiple networks each support a different
radio access technology. The network entity further includes a
controller wherein when routing one or more data packets to either
of the first one and the second one of the multiple networks via
the respective communication connection, the data packet is
received by the network entity via the transceiver, where a
determination is made as to an intended destination of the data
packet. The data packet is then routed by the transceiver to the
second one of the multiple networks, when the intended destination
of the data packet is determined to be the second one of the
multiple networks.
[0009] These and other objects, features, and advantages of the
present application are evident from the following description of
one or more preferred embodiments, with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] FIG. 1 is an overview of an exemplary network environment in
which the present invention is adapted to operate;
[0011] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example of one possible form
of coupling of the user equipment relative to multiple
networks;
[0012] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example of a further
possible form of coupling of the user equipment relative to
multiple networks;
[0013] FIG. 4 is a message sequence diagram between a user
equipment and a network for managing dual registration with
multiple networks;
[0014] FIG. 5 is a message sequence diagram between a user
equipment and multiple networks for managing dual registration;
[0015] FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of a method in a user equipment for
managing dual registration with multiple networks;
[0016] FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of a method in a network entity for
managing a communication connection with a user equipment as part
of a dual registration including multiple communication connections
of the user equipment with multiple networks;
[0017] FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of a method in a user equipment for
managing dual registration with multiple networks;
[0018] FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of a method in a network entity for
supporting the routing of messages received from a user equipment
between multiple networks as part of a dual registration; and
[0019] FIG. 10 is an example block diagram of an apparatus
according to a possible embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)
[0020] While the present disclosure is susceptible of embodiment in
various forms, there is shown in the drawings and will hereinafter
be described presently preferred embodiments with the understanding
that the present disclosure is to be considered an exemplification
of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the
specific embodiments illustrated.
[0021] Embodiments provide a method and apparatus for managing dual
registration in a radio communication system.
[0022] FIG. 1 is an example block diagram of a system 100 according
to a possible embodiment. The system 100 can include a wireless
communication device 110, such as User Equipment (UE), a base
station 120, such as an enhanced NodeB (eNB) or next generation
NodeB (gNB), and a network 130. The wireless communication device
110 can be a wireless terminal, a portable wireless communication
device, a smartphone, a cellular telephone, a flip phone, a
personal digital assistant, a personal computer, a selective call
receiver, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or any other device
that is capable of sending and receiving communication signals on a
wireless network.
[0023] The network 130 can include any type of network that is
capable of sending and receiving wireless communication signals.
For example, the network 130 can include a wireless communication
network, a cellular telephone network, a Time Division Multiple
Access (TDMA)-based network, a Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA)-based network, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple
Access (OFDMA)-based network, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network,
a 5th generation (5G) network, a 3rd Generation Partnership Project
(3GPP)-based network, a satellite communications network, a high
altitude platform network, the Internet, and/or other
communications networks.
[0024] A UE may benefit from availing itself of certain services
better supported using the 5G System (e.g. NR/5GC) and certain
other services better supported using the LTE Evolved Universal
Terrestrial Access Network (E-UTRAN)/Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
system. To be able to simultaneously use these services, each
supported in a different system, is generally not readily supported
today if both radios are 3GPP-specified radio access
technologies.
[0025] 3GPP intends to support a mechanism allowing dual
registration meaning that the UE can register simultaneously in
evolved packet system (EPS) and 5G system (5GS) as described e.g.
in 3GPP TS 25301-v140 clause 5.17.2.3. However, just dual
registration itself may not allow parallel UE activity in both
systems. The parallel UE activity in both systems allows the UE to
receive and to respond to Paging and perform mobility
Registration/tracking area update (TAU) in each radio access
technology (RAT) and possibly also actively use the packet data
network (PDN) Connection and protocol data unit (PDU) Sessions
established and activated on the two Systems.
[0026] There are dual-radio solution e.g. for the combination of
the following radio access technologies (RATs): (1) for wireless
local area network (WLAN) and 3GPP RAT and (2) for E-UTRA/LTE and
code division multiple access (CDMA) 2000. However those mechanisms
cannot be applied to 3GPP-specific dual-radio RATs.
[0027] The existing solution may only rely on UE specific
implementations. UE specific implementations may not work however
in the absence of a specified solution specifying how the UE needs
to `manage` both RATs and be active with single/dual receive
(Rx)-transmit (Tx) capabilities. For example, it is not clear how a
single Rx/Tx chain capable UE shall receive and respond to paging
in two different systems without a potential performance
degradation in its active session in one of the systems where it is
in a radio resource control (RRC) Connected state. Similarly, it is
not clear how a dual Rx/Tx chain capable UE shall split its maximum
UE transmit power to be able to support transmissions in both of
the systems, simultaneously, when the need arrives.
[0028] In the following description a "system" is defined as the
whole network including the Radio Access Network (RAN) based on 4th
(E-UTRAN) or 5th (New RAT, NR) generation technologies and Core
Network (EPC and 5GS respectively for the 4th and 5th
generation).
[0029] A UE can Register (also called Attach) itself to one of the
systems first. An RRC Idle state UE does this by first establishing
an RRC Connection and then sends a non-access stratum (NAS)
Registration request message to a core network (CN) node. The
relevant CN Node is a mobility management entity (MME) and an
access management function (AMF) for the EPC and 5GS respectively.
The relevant CN Node may accept the UE's registration request
(Attach Request) depending on the credentials (like subscription
information present on the universal subscriber identity module
(USIM)) provided by the UE. After having attached to the System,
the UE may initiate an establishment of some PDN Connection (in
4.sup.th generation) or PDU Session (in 5th generation) towards the
relevant core network. Subsequent to the establishment of PDN
Connection or PDU Session the same maybe activated by establishing
some DRBs (Data Radio Bearer) on the radio interface.
[0030] In one embodiment, the decision at the upper layers (e.g.
NAS layer) works in the following way: A common NAS part (or one
can call it upper NAS) decides if either or both NAS (LTE NAS
and/or 5G NAS) need to be "used". The said Upper or common NAS is a
logical entity and could be part of the access network discovery
and selection function (ANDSF) or the policy control function (PCF)
in 5GS. This decision by the common NAS part is based on services
required and/or supported by the UE, UE dual registration and also
radio capabilities, Network capability etc. Common NAS sits above
both the NAS entities and works like an Upper NAS protocol. Access
stratum supports the common/upper NAS by informing it as to what is
supported/broadcasted by the network i.e. about network
capabilities like support of Dual Registration and
service/Slice/application supported in the Radio and in the Core
Network(s). Whether (1) to initiate Dual Registration and (2)
whether to simultaneously use some connections to one system and
other connection to the other system (e.g. having simultaneous PDU
Sessions to 5GS and PDN Connections to EPS) may depend on the
following criteria: (A) access stratum (AS) capabilities in the UE
(single/dual radio, enhancements for using multiple RATs), (B)
capabilities in the RAN (e.g. support of enhancements for using
multiple RATs as specified in this invention) and/or (C)
capabilities in the core network (CN) to support dual registration
(DR) mode and/or steering of connections among multiple systems.
Several examples are listed below:
[0031] (1) If the core network indicates to the UE that DR-mode is
not supported, then the UE does not initiate procedures for dual
registration, even though the UE may be capable of DR-mode and at
least some of the solutions below are supported.
[0032] (2) If the core network indicates support of DR-mode, but
the RAN (node) indicates non-support of enhancements for using
multiple RATs (e.g. some features as disclosed in this invention),
the UE may decide to perform DR but keeping all connections (PDU
Sessions or PDN Connections) in a single system.
[0033] (3) If the AS layer indicates to the NAS layer (a)
single-radio capable (e.g. single Rx/Tx chain) and (b) support of
enhancements for using multiple RATs; and both RAN and CN support
such enhancements for using multiple RATs--then the NAS layer can
determine whether to perform DR and simultaneous use of PDU
Sessions and PDN Connections based on configuration or subscription
policies (e.g. as configured from Policy Control Function, PCF, to
the UE).
[0034] The eNB/gNB may broadcast relevant network capabilities in
this regard. This can be done using a combined indication
(combining capabilities of both RAN and CN) or individual
capabilities could be separately broadcasted. The network
capabilities could even be indicated on a per public land mobile
network (PLMN) basis, in case of RAN sharing.
[0035] The UE may further proceed to register itself on the
second/other System next. As an example, in LTE/EPC the
registration at the serving GPRS support node (SGSN)/mobile
switching center (MSC) was done by the MME on behalf of the UE for
Combined Attached UEs. The Attach Accept message from MME contains
both 4th generation globally unique temporary identification (4G
GUTI) and 3rd generation globally unique temporary identification
(3G GUTI) or visitor location register (VLR) temporary mobile
subscriber identity (TMSI). In 5GS a UE in Dual Registration
(DR-mode) performs the registration at the AMF and the registration
at the MME by itself, i.e. UE-initiated registration. This DR-mode
can be performed even if the UE is single Rx/Tx capable; for
example, after registering on the first system the UE initiates
registration on the second system when it has transitioned to the
RRC Idle mode of the first system.
[0036] As one embodiment, this can be done in a number of ways. The
UE may indicate to the network RAN node that it is dual
registration capable at some point in time during or after the RRC
Connection Establishment. Later, when the UE actually needs to
register on the other system, it will request the RAN Node to
release the RRC Connection. The network upon receiving the UE's
request may reject the UE's request and UE shall then remain in RRC
Connected state as long as the network does not release the RRC
Connection. In another possible variant, the UE may autonomously
start transitioning to RRC Idle after having sent to the RAN Node
an indication indicating that the UE is subsequently transitioning
to RRC Idle. In yet another possible variant, the UE may
autonomously start transitioning to RRC Idle without having sent to
the RAN Node an indication indicating that the UE is subsequently
transitioning to RRC Idle; in which case, the network upon noticing
no uplink (UL) activity from the UE until a certain time duration
will assume that the UE is no longer available i.e. has either met
an RLF (Radio Link failure) condition and is therefore out of
service, or, has transitioned to RRC Idle autonomously. In yet
another possible variant, the UE will request the RAN Node to
transition the UE to RRC Inactive state rather than releasing the
RRC Connection itself. A UE in RRC Inactive state would save the AS
configuration/context until it returns in the RRC Connected state
of the said RAT. In the RRC Inactive state, this UE may tune away
to another System and perform registration there. After having
performed the registration, as soon as possible, the UE shall
return to the said source RAT/System.
[0037] Where the present application refers to an idle state or an
inactive state, the teachings of the present application could
generally correspond to either of the noted idle or inactive
states, or both of the possible states.
[0038] If the UE is single Rx/Tx capable, the UE would miss the
Paging in one of the system and also not be able to perform
mobility Registration/TAU in the RAT where it is away i.e. not
tuned in currently. Following are the possible enhancements that
may be consistent with and/or realizable from the teachings of the
present disclosure:
[0039] As one embodiment, the UE would determine one or more Gap or
Away Pattern where it is not available in System 1 but is rather
tuning to the frequency of System 2 to be able to perform reception
and transmission there. The Away pattern(s) is then signaled to one
of the RATs (like to eNB or gNB) where the UE is in an RRC
Connected State. The RAN node (like to eNB or gNB) may then attempt
to avoid scheduling of the UE during the time periods indicated by
the Away Pattern suggested by the UE. The determination of the Away
Pattern(s), suggested by the UE to the RAN Node, might itself
account for the frequency retuning time. The RAN Node will also
discount the periodic transmissions like physical uplink control
channel (PUCCH) or periodic buffer status report (BSR) reporting
from the UE if they happen to collide with the Away Pattern. Any
transmission counter towards such UL transmission may not be
incremented. Alternatively, as an improvement of the embodiment,
some particular transmission like Scheduling Requests or particular
activation/deactivation MAC control elements (CEs) may be
prioritized over the Away Pattern and the UE may be tuned in on the
frequency of the RAT where the UE is currently RRC Connected.
[0040] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example of one
possible form of coupling of the user equipment relative to
multiple networks. More specifically, FIG. 2 highlights a user
equipment (UE) radio resource control (RRC) coupled to a second
system (System2), which from time to time can additionally and/or
alternatively be tuned to a first system (System1). Such an
arrangement is well suited to the use of a common control element,
which can be used to manage the flow of information between the
user equipment and each of multiple networks via respective
communication connections.
[0041] One or more Away Patterns can be determined by the UE based
on different time offset (say from system frame number zero
(SFN#0), subframe#0), different Paging occasions, random access
channel (RACH) opportunities etc. which may still fulfill the UE's
requirement of reception and/or transmission on the other RAT. In
addition, there could be a minimum Away Pattern signaled which
gives the network an indication on how periodically the UE needs to
be away. The away pattern(s) may be determined based on how
frequently the UE needs to be active on the RAT1. The away
pattern(s) may be re-determined from time to time when the UE's
situation changes e.g. when the activity in the other RAT has
changed or the UE moves to a different frequency/Bank in either of
the RATs etc. If a single Rx capable UE tunes to RAT1 only to
listen to Paging then the Away pattern(s) will be one subframe (or
time period) every Paging Occasion that the UE has for that system.
The Paging occasion calculation is specified in 3GPP TS 36304-e30
or in future also in TS 38304. If the UE received a Paging message
and needs to respond then after tuning back in RAT2, the UE may
need to convey another Away pattern that allows the UE to send the
Paging Response message in RAT1 i.e. allows it to perform RACH Msg,
1, 2, 3 and 4 transmission as defined in 3GPP TS 36300-e00,
transmission of NAS (Paging Response) message etc. If however, it
is clear that the UE needs to stay longer in the RAT1 e.g. to
receive downlink (DL) data/transmit UL data, then the UE may
suggest RAT1 another Away Pattern enabling the UE to continue its
activity in RAT2. The UE may also inform the RAN node 1 during an
RRC Connection Establishment about any Dual Registration situation
with the "other" RAT so that the RAN node 1 may expedite this UE's
procedure and DL/UL data transfer. Of course, when the UE shares
the Away Pattern with any RAT, the RAN Node may accept, modify (by
changing the time period availability) or reject completely the
UE's suggested away pattern. In case of rejection, the UE may not
be able to tune away from the rejecting RAT. To be able to
determine the Away Pattern, the UE needs to first autonomously tune
in to RAT1 e.g. using discontinuous reception (DRX) sleep time and
then synchronize to the RAN1 DL timeline. In doing so, the UE shall
strive not to lose the synchronization with the source RAT e.g. by
devoting one internal time clock to it or by similar means. The UE
shall use the DL time difference of the source and the target RAT
to determine the Away Pattern such that the Paging occasion in RAT2
coincides with the Away pattern indicated to RAT1 using RAT1's
timeline.
[0042] In another embodiment, the UE may not be able to use an Away
pattern but rather may stay on its current System. In doing so, the
UE may be unable to perform registrations (mobility based and/or
periodic) in the other System. A dual Rx UE may still be able to
receive the Paging message itself by tuning/using one of its Rx
Chain to the frequency of the other RAT; however, in absence of a
dual transmitter, it may not be able to send a Paging Response
message without tuning away from the current System. This
embodiment makes it then possible to make the required transmission
(Paging Response and/ or Registration) later when the UE
transitions to RRC Idle in the current RAT (of the current System)
by reselecting to a cell of the other RAT (of the other System) and
later initiating an RRC Connection Establishment there. Since this
might typically delay the UE's UL transmission in the other System,
the UE Access Stratum shall inform the UE NAS of its inability and
ability to perform the UL transmissions in the other System. The
NAS shall save the pending NAS message and shall request the UE
Access Stratum to go ahead with the transmission to the UE Access
Stratum indicating the ability to perform the UL transmission. This
may however generally only be done until a certain timer has
expired, beyond which the UE may consider itself deregistered AND
will then go ahead with a new/fresh registration with the other
System. The timer itself may be UE implementation dependent or may
be configurable by the network.
[0043] In a further embodiment, a dual Rx/Tx capable UE may tune
itself to the frequency of both of the Systems using the two
available Rx/Tx chains. UE's total allowed transmission power
P.sub.cmax may need to be coordinated/split between the two RATs.
According to one embodiment the UE could be configured by the
network with a maximum transmission power for each RAT, i.e.
P.sub.RAT1 and P.sub.RAT2. Power control is then further done
independently for each RAT. P.sub.RAT1+P.sub.RAT2 may be smaller or
equal to total UE transmit power, e.g. P.sub.cmax. Some additional
power back-off may be applied for determining the total UE maximum
allowed TX power, e.g. P.sub.cmax, for cases in which the UE is
transmitting simultaneously on two RATs. Such power restriction may
be necessary from a regulation perspective in order to meet SAR
(Specific Absorption Rate) requirements or out-of band emission
requirements that may be affected by inter-modulation products of
the simultaneous radio transmissions. In an alternative embodiment
the UE may decide the power split between the two RATs. In other
words, the UE may set the maximum transmission power for each RAT
such that total UE transmission power is not exceeded. UE may
report the decided maximum transmission power for each RAT to the
corresponding network node. This allows an efficient scheduling of
uplink transmission within each RAT. In an alternative embodiment
the uplink transmission power is dynamically shared between the two
different RATs. However, the required power levels for each
transmission may exceed the allowed total UE transmitted power when
a transmission in both Systems needs to be made. Uplink and
downlink transmission are scheduled independently in each RAT.
Thus, for example, the UE may have two simultaneous uplink
transmission scheduled, one by RAT1, the other by RAT2, without one
network entity/scheduling entity being aware of the scheduling
information of the other network node/scheduling entity. Scheduling
of PUCCH/PUSCH/PRACH/SRS of one link is not known to the network
entity of another link. According to one embodiment the UE may
prioritize uplink transmissions on one RAT over uplink transmission
on the other RAT in cases where the maximum total UE transmission
power is exceeded. In some implementations the UE first determines
the transmission power for each RAT separately assuming that the
other link on the other RAT does not exist. Then the UE uses the
determined transmission power for the prioritized RAT for uplink
transmissions on the prioritized RAT and uses the remaining power
for the uplink transmission on the other RAT. In cases where the
determined transmission power for the other non-prioritized RAT
exceeds the remaining power, the UE could perform power scaling for
the non-prioritized RAT. In another embodiment the priority of UL
transmissions/channel(s) between the two RATs is considered in the
dynamic power sharing. For example in certain embodiments
transmissions of RRC messages, e.g. paging response message, higher
reliability and delay intolerant applications' data should be
prioritized over other uplink transmission channels/signals such
that the transmission power for the RRC messages is not scaled. The
UE may apportion its capabilities among the two RATs based on one
or more factors, such as data rate, data volume, reliability,
urgency etc. The apportioned capabilities could include the
physical layer and upper layer capabilities like Antenna Ports,
layer one/two transmission/reception buffers, Band combinations
supported, transmitted power etc. The apportioned capabilities
towards each RAT can be indicated to the corresponding RATs when
the UE transitions to an RRC Connected State and/or as part of a
UE's ATTACH Request. To help indicate early a lower or scaled down
capabilities like Tx power, some reserved Preamble or
time-frequency resources for PRACH transmissions can be used so
that the receiving RAN Node could be made aware of this and
schedule the RACH Msg3 transmissions e.g. with lower frequency
grant and/or with more conservative MCS by providing a
corresponding grant in RACH message 2 (i.e. in Random Access
Response).
[0044] When transmissions to both of the RATs need to take place
such that at least part of the transmission to the RATs can overlap
then
[0045] (1) the power management related procedure may be performed
in the Physical layer such that the Physical layer based on the
destination RAT or Radio frequency carrier applies power scaling
and/or backoff while making transmission. In cases, when the power
is insufficient for at least one of the links and the decision for
power scaling needs to be made based on the "content" of the
transmission, the Physical layer will query higher layers
[0046] (2) or, in cases, when the decision about prioritization
including go/no-go decision based on the "contents of the transport
block" needs to be made, then a UE entity sitting above or at MAC
needs to decide if the transmission intended for one of the RATs is
more important i.e. has higher priority than the transmission
intended for the other RAT. This prioritization may affect only the
power management, or the prioritization may also be used in making
a go/no-go or a pre-emption decision in favor of transmission to
one RAT. [0047] The information about prioritization may be
configured by the network explicitly, such as using a Logical
Channel Prioritization (LCP value) or a similar new IE can be used
or the UE itself may judge which transmissions are more important
for it. For example, RRC signaling may be more important than any
data. Data from certain application may be more important than data
from other applications etc. The prioritization can also be based
on the quality of service class identifier--QCI/QOS range.
[0048] A UE that needs to maintain two active sessions (PDN
Connections and PDU Sessions) with the two Systems in parallel for
data transfer, shall need to establish and maintain two RRC
Connections so that the NAS Connections can also be maintained. NAS
Connections (like S 1-C and S1-U in 4.sup.th generation network and
N2, N3 in 5.sup.th generation network) allow the UE to maintain
control and data connection with the respective core network
elements. However, every dual Rx/Tx capable UE may not be able to
establish and maintain two RRC/NAS Connections. The UE that are
capable of this may indicate their capability to the UE NAS,
itself, and to the network. Based on this capability, the UE may
decide to establish and maintain PDN Connections and PDU Sessions
in parallel. Network may control and coordinate UEs transmission,
including power sharing or Away pattern sharing as described
earlier, in the two Systems based on this capability indication.
The capability can be indicated to the network in one or more of
the following messages and corresponding procedures e.g. as defined
in 3GPP TS 36331-e30, 23401, 24301, 38331 etc.:
[0049] (1) RRC Connection Establishment or any subsequent RRC
message
[0050] (2) In ATTACH Request message and/or in the RRC message
carrying NAS message like ULInformationTransfer
[0051] (3) In Location Registration messages like TAU (Tracking
Area Update) etc.
[0052] FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a
further possible form of coupling of the user equipment relative to
multiple networks. More specifically, FIG. 3 highlights the user
equipment (UE) registering to two core networks (CNs) from the same
radio access technology (RAT), such as via an associated evolved
NodeB (eNB).
[0053] In another embodiment, such as an embodiment shown in the
FIG. 3, the UE connects to a RAT (e.g. an enhanced eNB) capable of
connecting to both a fourth (4th) and a fifth (5th) generation CNs.
A UE in RRC Connected may then get dual registered in two possible
ways: [0054] Accomplishing This With One CN Connection:
[0055] Accomplishing this with one CN Connection wherein eNB
forwards the NAS PDU (e.g. ATTACH request for the second CN) on the
existing CN interface e.g. N2 and then the first CN Node like AMF
determines that the NAS message is for MME e.g. based on certain
information, as described further, included by the UE (in separate
IEs) in the NAS PDU sent to the AMF. The AMF forwards the NAS PDU
(transparently) to the MME. The MME sends back the reply (e.g.
ATTACH Accept) to the UE using the same route (via the same AMF) as
shown in FIG. 4. Later on the MME may initiate S1 establishment
with the eNB and if some EPS Bearer(s) need to be established then
the eNB may configure DRB(s) to the UE. The UE shall configure and
maintain DRBs for both Systems in parallel and in one option will
use the security keys and algorithm of the first System (fifth
generation or 5G in this example) to secure communication on the
radio interface. In another option the RAN may initiate the
Security Mode procedure (send Security Mode Command to the UE) and
change the UE's security algorithm and keys according to the UE
capability for the second System (4G in this example). In either
case, the NAS security will be based on the NAS SMS procedure from
the corresponding NAS entities (like MME or AMF) for their
corresponding NAS messages and procedures.
[0056] FIG. 4 illustrates a message sequence diagram between a user
equipment and a network for managing dual registration with
multiple networks. More specifically, FIG. 4 highlights an example
of non-access stratum (NAS) message exchanges between the user
equipment (UE) and the core network (CN) type 2 via the core
network type 1, represented by an access management function (AMF)
in this figure.
[0057] Here the DedicatedInfoNAS may contain information indicating
to the first CN Type (AMF in above example) that the NAS PDU is
destined to the second CN Type (MME in above example). The
indication for MME could be an MME identity if the UE is already
registered e.g.:
TABLE-US-00001 RegisteredMME ::= SEQUENCE { plmn-Identity
PLMN-Identity OPTIONAL, mmegi BIT STRING (SIZE (16)), mmec MMEC
}
[0058] Or, the indication for AMF could be just a Boolean flag
indicating that it (the NAS PDU) is destined for the other CN Type
NAS entity (MME in the above example). The example so far was such
that the first CN Type NAS entity is AMF and the second CN Type NAS
entity is MME; if however, if the first CN Type NAS entity is MME
and the second CN Type NAS entity is AMF, then the UE could include
one (or more) of the following, if the UE is registered in 5G
CN:
TABLE-US-00002 registeredAMF RegisteredAMF OPTIONAL, guami-Type
ENUMERATED {native, mapped} OPTIONAL, ng-5G-S-TMSI-Value CHOICE {
ng-5g-s-tmsi NG-5G-S-TMSI, ng-5g-s-tmsi-part2 BIT STRING (SIZE (9))
}
[0059] Or, the indication for MME could be just a Boolean flag
indicating that it (the NAS PDU) is destined for the other CN Type
NAS entity (AMF).
[0060] FIG. 5 illustrates a message sequence diagram between a user
equipment and multiple networks for managing dual registration.
More specifically, FIG. 5 highlights a user equipment (UE)
communicating with both non-access stratum core network (CN) types.
[0061] Accomplishing This With Two CN Connections:
[0062] While establishing the RRC Connection the UE must indicate
to the RAN node which CN it is intending to connect to. For this
purpose, the UE can include one of registeredAMF or registeredAMF
in the RRC Connection Setup Complete to the RAN node. The RAN node
establishes accordingly the NAS connection i.e. N2 or S1
respectively. In the future, the UE may also need to communicate
with the second CN type and for this reason the NAS PDU may be
included and the eNB may need to identify which CN node (MME or
AMF) that a particular NAS message should be forwarded to. This can
be done in the following way: [0063] In one embodiment, eNB selects
the CN Connection (S1-C or N2) based on indication from the UE. As
one possibility, both CN Connections are `active` and an indication
from the UE (per NAS PDU contained in e.g. SRB2) could be per NAS
PDU. This indication could be either the address of MME or AMF as
shown below:
TABLE-US-00003 [0063] ULInformationTransfer message -- ASN1START
ULInformationTransfer ::= SEQUENCE { criticalExtensions CHOICE { c1
CHOICE { ulInformationTransfer ULInformationTransfer-IEs, spare3
NULL, spare2 NULL, spare1 NULL }, criticalExtensionsFuture SEQUENCE
{ } } } ULInformationTransfer-IEs ::= SEQUENCE { dedicatedInfoNAS
DedicatedInfoNAS OPTIONAL, CN_Type ::= CHOICE { amf AMF-Address,
mme MME-Address } lateNonCriticalExtension OCTET STRING OPTIONAL,
nonCriticalExtension SEQUENCE { } OPTIONAL }
Alternatively, in the above structure instead of or in addition to
AMF-Address or MME-Address the corresponding UE CN identity like
globally unique AMF ID (guami) or S-temporary mobile subscriber
identity (S-TMSI) could be carried.
[0064] Or, could be a Boolean where TRUE means CN1 and FALSE means
CN2 when both the S1 and N2 links are already established.
TABLE-US-00004 ULInformationTransfer message -- ASN1START
ULInformationTransfer :: = SEQUENCE { criticalExtensions CHOICE {
c1 CHOICE { ulInformationTransfer ULInformationTransfer-IEs, spare3
NULL, spare2 NULL, spare1 NULL }, criticalExtensionsFuture SEQUENCE
{ } } } ULInformationTransfer-IEs ::= SEQUENCE { dedicatedInfoNAS
DedicatedInfoNAS OPTIONAL, CN_Type ENUMERATED {AMF, MME} OPTIONAL,
lateNonCriticalExtension OCTET STRING OPTIONAL,
nonCriticalExtension SEQUENCE { } OPTIONAL }
[0065] In one embodiment, where only one CN Connections may be
`active` at any point: An RRC message could be used to activate one
of the CN Connection (like either S1 or N2) and this CN Connection
could be used until the UE activates the other CN link. In another
variation, the UE NAS or the network side NAS could trigger the NAS
messages to start and stop a NAS session with that CN Type. The RAN
may also be informed and therefore at any point of time, the RAN
should know which NAS session is active and will route the NAS PDUs
both in UL and DL, accordingly.
[0066] Either or both CN may initiate data transmission by
establishing and activating PDN Connection/PDU Session for a UE.
The eNB may initiate DRB(s) to serve the corresponding PDN
Connection/PDU Session. The UE may configure and maintain DRBs for
both System in parallel and will use the security keys and
algorithm of the first System (5G in this example) to secure
communication on the radio interface. The NAS security will be
based on the NAS SMS procedure from the corresponding NAS entities
(like MME or AMF) for their corresponding NAS messages and
procedures.
Deep Packet Inspection
[0067] In one embodiment, the RAN node looks inside of the NAS PDU
and based on the content of the PDU e.g. CN Type address, UE
address or protocol message etc. will itself decide to which CN
Type the NAS PDU is addressed to and forward the packet to the
same. However, until both S1 and N2 links are established, the UE
should continue to include CN Type information explicitly in an RRC
message (containing NAS PDU) to assist the RAN node in routing the
NAS PDU to the correct CN Type element, such as to the MME or to
the AMF.
[0068] FIG. 6 illustrates a flow diagram 600 of a method in a user
equipment for managing dual registration with multiple networks.
More specifically, a method in a user equipment for managing dual
registration in one or more radio communication systems is
provided. The one or more radio communication systems include
multiple networks each supporting a different radio access
technology. The method includes establishing 602 a communication
connection between the user equipment and a first one of the
multiple networks. The method further includes establishing 604 a
communication connection between the user equipment and a second
one of the multiple networks, while maintaining the communication
connection between the user equipment and the first one of the
multiple networks. A shared common control element in the user
equipment manages 606 the flow of information between the user
equipment and each of the multiple networks via the respective
communication connections, thereby allowing for parallel user
equipment activity in at least the first one and the second one of
the multiple networks.
[0069] In some instances, the parallel user equipment activity can
include one or more of receiving and responding to paging;
performing mobility registration or tracking area update in each
radio access technology; or actively use the communication
connections established on both the first one and the second one of
the multiple networks. In some of these instances, the
communication connections being actively used on both the first one
and the second one of the multiple networks can include packet data
connections or packet data sessions.
[0070] In some instances, the shared common control element can
include a multilayer non access stratum having respective lower non
access stratum associated with a corresponding one of each of the
multiple networks, and can have an upper common layer non access
stratum which coordinates the parallel user equipment activity
across the multiple networks. Additionally, the method can further
include exchanging radio communication capabilities with one or
more core network nodes associated with the multiple networks of
the radio communication system, and receiving from the upper common
layer non access stratum an indication as to whether one or both of
the lower non access stratums associated with each of the multiple
networks should be used for supporting concurrent access to the
multiple networks. In some of these instances, as part of
exchanging radio communication capabilities with the one or more
core network nodes, when one or more of the one or more core
network nodes indicates to the user equipment that a dual
registration mode is not supported, then the user equipment can
refrain from initiating procedures for dual registration. In some
of these and/or other instances, as part of exchanging radio
communication capabilities with the one or more core network nodes,
when one or more of the one or more core network nodes indicates to
the user equipment that a dual registration mode is supported, but
also indicates a lack of support for using multiple types of radio
access technology as part of the dual registration mode, then the
user equipment can initiate procedures for dual registration, while
keeping all of the communication connections being established via
one of the multiple networks. Further yet, as part of exchanging
radio communication capabilities with the one or more core network
nodes, when each of the one or more core network nodes indicates to
the user equipment support for multiple radio access technologies,
even if the user equipment is limited to being single radio
capable, then the upper layer non access stratum can make the
determination as to whether to proceed with dual registration and
parallel user equipment activity in at least the first one and the
second one of the multiple networks. In support of dual
registration and parallel user equipment activity in at least the
first one and the second one of the multiple networks, when the
user equipment is limited to being single radio capable, the method
in the user equipment can further include one or more of (1)
requesting a release of a radio resource control connection
associated with the communication connection between the user
equipment and the first one of the multiple networks, in order to
establish the communication connection between the user equipment
and the second one of the multiple networks; (2) autonomously
transitioning to a radio resource control idle associated with the
communication connection between the user equipment and the first
one of the multiple networks, in order to establish the
communication connection between the user equipment and the second
one of the multiple networks; or (3) requesting a transition to an
inactive state of the radio resource control connection associated
with the communication connection between the user equipment and
the first one of the multiple networks, in order to establish the
communication connection between the user equipment and the second
one of the multiple networks.
[0071] In some instances, the shared common control element can
include one or more away patterns, that are each shared with a
respective one of the first one and the second one of the multiple
networks, where each of the one or more away patterns define
periods of time during which the corresponding one of the first one
and the second one of the multiple networks should avoid scheduling
communications with the user equipment. In some of these and/or
other instances, the one or more away patterns can include defined
time periods that take into account relative predetermined
priorities of the flow of information being conveyed between the
user equipment and each of the multiple networks via the respective
communication connections. Furthermore, as the relative
predetermined priority of the flow of information being conveyed
between the user equipment and each of the multiple networks via
the respective communication connections changes, the corresponding
one or more away patterns can be adjusted. In some of these and/or
other instances, each of the one or more away patterns can be
determined by the user equipment based on one or more of (1)
different time offsets; (2) different paging occasions; or (3)
random access channel opportunities.
[0072] In some instances, managing the flow of information between
the user equipment and each of the multiple networks via the
respective communication connections by the shared common control
element can include apportioning the capabilities of the user
equipment between the established communication connections. In
some of these and/or other instances, apportioning the capabilities
of the user equipment between the established communication
connections can include determining the amount of power to apply to
each transmitter, which is associated with a respective one of the
established communication connections. Furthermore, when the sum of
the power to be applied to each of the transmitters during parallel
user equipment activity exceeds a maximum allowed transmit power of
the user equipment, the method can include determining and applying
a power back off to be applied to at least one of the transmitters.
Further still, a non-prioritized communication connection as part
of the parallel user equipment activity can be determined, and the
power back off can be applied to at least the transmitter
associated with the non-prioritized communication connection. In
some instances, apportioning the capabilities of the user equipment
between the established communication connections can include
apportioning one or more of the antenna ports, the transmission or
reception buffers, or supported band combinations. In some further
instances, the capabilities can be apportioned based on factors
including one or more of data rate, data volume, data reliability
or data urgency. Further yet, in some instances, the apportioned
capabilities can be indicated to one or more of the established
communication connections, when the user equipment transitions to a
connected state relative to a particular communication connection,
or as part of an attach request.
[0073] FIG. 7 illustrates a flow diagram 700 of a method in a
network entity for managing a communication connection with a user
equipment as part of a dual registration including multiple
communication connections of the user equipment with multiple
networks. More specifically, a method in a network entity of a
first one of multiple networks is provided. Each network supports a
different radio access technology. The method includes establishing
702 a communication connection between the network entity and the
user equipment, while the user equipment has established and is
maintaining an alternative communication connection with another
network entity associated with a second one of the multiple
networks. The method further includes receiving 704 flow management
information from a shared common control element of the user
equipment, which manages the parallel user equipment activity
including a flow of information between the user equipment and each
of the multiple networks via the respective communication
connections. The method still further includes communicating 706
with the user equipment in a manner which is consistent with the
flow management information received from the shared common control
element.
[0074] FIG. 8 illustrates a flow diagram 800 of a method in a user
equipment for managing dual registration with multiple networks.
More specifically, a method in a user equipment for managing dual
registration in one or more radio communication systems is
provided. The one or more radio communication systems include
multiple networks, each of the multiple networks supporting a
different radio access technology. The method includes establishing
802 a communication connection between the user equipment and a
first one of the multiple networks. The method further includes
establishing 804 a communication connection between the user
equipment and a second one of the multiple networks via the first
one of the multiple networks, while maintaining the communication
connection between the user equipment and the first one of the
multiple networks. When routing one or more data packets to either
of the first one and the second one of the multiple networks via
the respective communication connection, the data packet is
transmitted 806 to the first one of the multiple networks, where a
determination is made as to an intended destination of the data
packet, the data packet is then routed to the second one of the
multiple networks, when the intended destination of the data packet
is determined to be the second one of the multiple networks.
[0075] In some instances, the user equipment can couple to the
multiple networks via a base transceiver station associated with
the first one of the multiple networks. In some of these instances,
the base transceiver station can be coupled to a respective main
signaling node of each of the first one and the second one of the
multiple networks. Furthermore, the base transceiver station can be
coupled to the main signaling node of the second one of the
multiple networks via the main signaling node of the first one of
the multiple networks. Still further, the base transceiver station
can be coupled to each respective one of the first one and the
second one of the multiple networks via a respective path of
coupling, where the respective path of coupling is separate from
the main signaling node of the other one of the first one and
second one of the multiple networks. Further yet, the respective
main signaling nodes of the first one and the second one of the
multiple networks can include an access and mobility management
function (AMF) and a mobility management entity (MME).
[0076] In some instances, an intended destination of a particular
one of the one or more data packets can be determined by reading a
registered identity value of a target entity from an associated one
of the multiple networks, which is included as part of the data
packet. In some of these instances, the registered identity value
of a target entity can include an associated address value.
[0077] In some instances, a selectively set flag associated with a
data packet can identify an intended destination as being one of
the multiple networks.
[0078] In some instances, information included inside the data
packet can be inspected to identify the intended destination. In
some of these instances, the information can be included inside the
data packet that is inspected includes one or more of a core
network type address, user equipment address, or protocol
message.
[0079] In some instances, a data radio bearer for each of the
multiple networks can be maintained in parallel.
[0080] In some instances, using the communication connection of a
particular one of the multiple networks can include using security
keys and algorithms of the particular one of the multiple network
being used.
[0081] FIG. 9 illustrates a flow diagram 900 of a method in a
network entity for supporting the routing of messages received from
a user equipment between multiple networks as part of a dual
registration. More specifically, a method in a network entity of a
first one of multiple networks is provided. Each network of the
multiple networks supports a different radio access technology. The
method includes establishing 902 a communication connection between
the network entity and the user equipment, while the user equipment
has established and is maintaining an alternative communication
connection with a second one of the multiple networks. Wherein when
routing one or more data packets to either of the first one and the
second one of the multiple networks, the data packet is received
904 by the network entity of the first one of the multiple
networks, where a determination is made as to an intended
destination of the data packet. The data packet is then routed to
the second one of the multiple networks, when the intended
destination of the data packet is determined by the network entity
to be the second one of the multiple networks.
[0082] It should be understood that, notwithstanding the particular
steps as shown in the figures, a variety of additional or different
steps can be performed depending upon the embodiment, and one or
more of the particular steps can be rearranged, repeated or
eliminated entirely depending upon the embodiment. Also, some of
the steps performed can be repeated on an ongoing or continuous
basis simultaneously while other steps are performed. Furthermore,
different steps can be performed by different elements or in a
single element of the disclosed embodiments.
[0083] FIG. 10 is an example block diagram of an apparatus 1000,
such as the wireless communication device 110, according to a
possible embodiment. The apparatus 1000 can include a housing 1010,
a controller 1020 within the housing 1010, audio input and output
circuitry 1030 coupled to the controller 1020, a display 1040
coupled to the controller 1020, a transceiver 1050 coupled to the
controller 1020, an antenna 1055 coupled to the transceiver 1050, a
user interface 1060 coupled to the controller 1020, a memory 1070
coupled to the controller 1020, and a network interface 1080
coupled to the controller 1020. The apparatus 1000 can perform the
methods described in all the embodiments
[0084] The display 1040 can be a viewfinder, a liquid crystal
display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display, a plasma
display, a projection display, a touch screen, or any other device
that displays information. The transceiver 1050 can include a
transmitter and/or a receiver. The audio input and output circuitry
1030 can include a microphone, a speaker, a transducer, or any
other audio input and output circuitry. The user interface 1060 can
include a keypad, a keyboard, buttons, a touch pad, a joystick, a
touch screen display, another additional display, or any other
device useful for providing an interface between a user and an
electronic device. The network interface 1080 can be a Universal
Serial Bus (USB) port, an Ethernet port, an infrared
transmitter/receiver, an IEEE 1394 port, a WLAN transceiver, or any
other interface that can connect an apparatus to a network, device,
or computer and that can transmit and receive data communication
signals. The memory 1070 can include a random access memory, a read
only memory, an optical memory, a solid state memory, a flash
memory, a removable memory, a hard drive, a cache, or any other
memory that can be coupled to an apparatus.
[0085] The apparatus 1000 or the controller 1020 may implement any
operating system, such as Microsoft Windows.RTM., UNIX.RTM., or
LINUX.RTM., Android.TM., or any other operating system. Apparatus
operation software may be written in any programming language, such
as C, C++, Java or Visual Basic, for example. Apparatus software
may also run on an application framework, such as, for example, a
Java.RTM. framework, a .NET.RTM. framework, or any other
application framework. The software and/or the operating system may
be stored in the memory 1070 or elsewhere on the apparatus 1000.
The apparatus 1000 or the controller 1020 may also use hardware to
implement disclosed operations. For example, the controller 1020
may be any programmable processor. Disclosed embodiments may also
be implemented on a general-purpose or a special purpose computer,
a programmed microprocessor or microprocessor, peripheral
integrated circuit elements, an application-specific integrated
circuit or other integrated circuits, hardware/electronic logic
circuits, such as a discrete element circuit, a programmable logic
device, such as a programmable logic array, field programmable
gate-array, or the like. In general, the controller 1020 may be any
controller or processor device or devices capable of operating an
apparatus and implementing the disclosed embodiments. Some or all
of the additional elements of the apparatus 1000 can also perform
some or all of the operations of the disclosed embodiments.
[0086] The method of this disclosure can be implemented on a
programmed processor. However, the controllers, flowcharts, and
modules may also be implemented on a general purpose or special
purpose computer, a programmed microprocessor or microcontroller
and peripheral integrated circuit elements, an integrated circuit,
a hardware electronic or logic circuit such as a discrete element
circuit, a programmable logic device, or the like. In general, any
device on which resides a finite state machine capable of
implementing the flowcharts shown in the figures may be used to
implement the processor functions of this disclosure.
[0087] While this disclosure has been described with specific
embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives,
modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in
the art. For example, various components of the embodiments may be
interchanged, added, or substituted in the other embodiments. Also,
all of the elements of each figure are not necessary for operation
of the disclosed embodiments. For example, one of ordinary skill in
the art of the disclosed embodiments would be enabled to make and
use the teachings of the disclosure by simply employing the
elements of the independent claims. Accordingly, embodiments of the
disclosure as set forth herein are intended to be illustrative, not
limiting. Various changes may be made without departing from the
spirit and scope of the disclosure.
[0088] In this document, relational terms such as "first,"
"second," and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity
or action from another entity or action without necessarily
requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between
such entities or actions. The phrase "at least one of," "at least
one selected from the group of," or "at least one selected from"
followed by a list is defined to mean one, some, or all, but not
necessarily all of, the elements in the list. The terms
"comprises," "comprising," "including," or any other variation
thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that
a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of
elements does not include only those elements but may include other
elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method,
article, or apparatus. An element proceeded by "a," "an," or the
like does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of
additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or
apparatus that comprises the element. Also, the term "another" is
defined as at least a second or more. The terms "including,"
"having," and the like, as used herein, are defined as
"comprising." Furthermore, the background section is written as the
inventor's own understanding of the context of some embodiments at
the time of filing and includes the inventor's own recognition of
any problems with existing technologies and/or problems experienced
in the inventor's own work.
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