U.S. patent application number 16/197665 was filed with the patent office on 2019-03-21 for compositions with improved urease-inhibiting effect comprising (thio)phosphoric acid triamide and further compounds.
The applicant listed for this patent is BASF SE. Invention is credited to Ansgar Gereon ALTENHOFF, Stephan HUFFER, Claudia KLODWIG, Daniella LOHE, Christian Carlos MIYAGAWA, Gregor PASDA, Ralf-Thomas RAHN, Achim REDDIG, Karl-Heinrich SCHNEIDER, Steffen TSCHIRSCHWITZ, Alexander WISSEMEIER, Wolfram ZERULLA.
Application Number | 20190084898 16/197665 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 52144233 |
Filed Date | 2019-03-21 |
United States Patent
Application |
20190084898 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
SCHNEIDER; Karl-Heinrich ;
et al. |
March 21, 2019 |
COMPOSITIONS WITH IMPROVED UREASE-INHIBITING EFFECT COMPRISING
(THIO)PHOSPHORIC ACID TRIAMIDE AND FURTHER COMPOUNDS
Abstract
An composition comprising: (A) a mixture comprising at least one
(thio)phosphoric acid triamide according to the general formula (I)
R.sup.1R.sup.2N--P(X)(NH.sub.2).sub.2, wherein X is oxygen or
sulfur; R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.3 to C.sub.20
cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 aryl, or dialkylaminocarbonyl
group; R.sup.2 is H, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the
nitrogen atom linking them define a 5- or 6-membered saturated or
unsaturated heterocyclic radical, which optionally comprises 1 or 2
further heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen,
oxygen, and sulfur, and (C) at least one amine selected from the
group consisting of (C1) a polymeric polyamine, and (C2) an amine
containing not more than one amino group and at least three alkoxy-
or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups R.sup.21,
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.21 is different to the
other groups R.sup.21, and (C3) an amine containing not more than
one amino group and at least two alkoxy- or hydroxy-substituted
C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups R.sup.22, wherein at least one of
the groups R.sup.22 bears the alkoxy or hydroxy substituent at a
secondary or tertiary carbon atom and wherein at least one of the
groups R.sup.22 is different to the other group(s) R.sup.22, and
(C4) an amine containing at least one saturated or unsaturated
C.sub.8 to C.sub.40 alkyl group R.sup.23, and (C5) a saturated or
unsaturated heterocyclic amine which contains at least one oxygen
atom as ring atom and which does not contain a further alkoxy
group.
Inventors: |
SCHNEIDER; Karl-Heinrich;
(Kleinkarlbach, DE) ; KLODWIG; Claudia; (Hessheim,
DE) ; PASDA; Gregor; (Neustadt, DE) ;
WISSEMEIER; Alexander; (Speyer, DE) ; LOHE;
Daniella; (Limburgerhof, DE) ; REDDIG; Achim;
(Lambrecht, DE) ; MIYAGAWA; Christian Carlos;
(Schriesheim, DE) ; ZERULLA; Wolfram; (Maikammer,
DE) ; TSCHIRSCHWITZ; Steffen; (Mannheim, DE) ;
RAHN; Ralf-Thomas; (Mannheim, DE) ; ALTENHOFF; Ansgar
Gereon; (Heidelberg, DE) ; HUFFER; Stephan;
(Ludwigshafen, DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
BASF SE |
Ludwigshafen am Rhein |
|
DE |
|
|
Family ID: |
52144233 |
Appl. No.: |
16/197665 |
Filed: |
November 21, 2018 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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14902181 |
Dec 30, 2015 |
10150712 |
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PCT/IB2014/062667 |
Jun 27, 2014 |
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16197665 |
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PCT/IB2013/055484 |
Jul 4, 2013 |
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14902181 |
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PCT/IB2013/055486 |
Jul 4, 2013 |
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PCT/IB2013/055484 |
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PCT/IB2013/055483 |
Jul 4, 2013 |
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PCT/IB2013/055486 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C09K 15/30 20130101;
C09D 179/02 20130101; C09K 15/26 20130101; C05G 5/37 20200201; C09D
5/00 20130101; C05G 3/90 20200201; C05C 9/00 20130101; C05G 5/30
20200201; C09K 15/10 20130101; C05C 9/005 20130101; C05C 11/00
20130101; C09K 15/22 20130101; C09K 15/18 20130101; C09K 15/28
20130101; C09K 15/06 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C05G 3/08 20060101
C05G003/08; C09K 15/18 20060101 C09K015/18; C09K 15/28 20060101
C09K015/28; C05G 3/00 20060101 C05G003/00; C09K 15/30 20060101
C09K015/30; C09D 5/00 20060101 C09D005/00; C09K 15/06 20060101
C09K015/06; C05C 11/00 20060101 C05C011/00; C09K 15/10 20060101
C09K015/10; C05C 9/00 20060101 C05C009/00; C09K 15/26 20060101
C09K015/26; C09K 15/22 20060101 C09K015/22; C09D 179/02 20060101
C09D179/02 |
Claims
1-34. (canceled)
35. A composition comprising: (A) a mixture comprising at least one
(thio)phosphoric acid triamide according to the general formula (I)
R.sup.1R.sup.2N--P(X)(NH.sub.2).sub.2, wherein X is oxygen or
sulfur; R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.3 to C.sub.20
cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 aryl, or dialkylaminocarbonyl
group; R.sup.2 is H, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the
nitrogen atom linking them define a 5- or 6-membered saturated or
unsaturated heterocyclic radical, which optionally comprises 1 or 2
further heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen,
oxygen, and sulfur, and (D) at least one amide according to the
general formula (III) R.sup.31CO--NR.sup.32R.sup.33 wherein
R.sup.31CO is an acyl radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; R.sup.32
is H or alkyl, and R.sup.33 is H or alkyl, or R.sup.32 and R.sup.33
together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a 5- or
6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic radical, which
optionally comprises 1 or 2 further heteroatoms selected from the
group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
36. The composition according to claim 35, wherein the mixture (A)
comprises N-n-butylthiophosphoric acid triamide (NBPT) and/or
N-n-propylthiophosphoric acid triamide (NPPT).
37. The composition according to claim 35, wherein in the general
formula (III) of (D) R.sup.32 is H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, and
R.sup.33 is H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl.
38. The composition according to claim 35, wherein in the general
formula (III) of (D) R.sup.31CO is a hydroxysubstituted acyl
radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
39. The composition according to claim 35, wherein (D) is a
N,N-dialkyl amide based on lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid,
ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxy stearic acid, or their mixtures.
40. The composition according to claim 35, wherein (D) is a lactic
acid N,N-dimethylamide.
41. The composition according to claim 35, wherein in the general
formula (III) of (D) R.sup.31CO does not contain a hydroxy
group.
42. The composition according to claim 35, wherein (D) is selected
from the group consisting of N,N-dimethyloctanamide,
N,N-dimethylnonanamide, and N,N-dimethyldecanamide.
43. The composition according to claim 35, wherein in the general
formula (III) of (D) R.sup.31CO is an acyl radical having 1 to 3
carbon atoms.
44. The composition according to claim 35, wherein in the general
formula (III) of (D) R.sup.32 and R.sup.33 together with the
nitrogen atom linking them define a 5- or 6-membered saturated or
unsaturated heterocyclic radical which optionally comprises 1 or 2
further heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen,
oxygen, and sulfur.
45. The composition according to claim 35, wherein in the general
formula (III) of (D) R.sup.32 is an acyloxy substituted alkyl
group.
46. The composition according to claim 35, wherein in the general
formula (III) of (D) R.sup.31CO is an acyl radical having 1 to 4
carbon atoms, R.sup.32 is an acyloxy substituted alkyl group and
R.sup.33 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl.
47. The composition according to claim 35, further comprising (B)
an aromatic alcohol according to the general formula (II)
R.sup.11--C(R.sup.12)(R.sup.13)--OH, wherein is aryl or alkylaryl;
R.sup.12 is H or alkyl; R.sup.13 is H or alkyl.
48. The composition according to claim 35, further comprising (C)
at least one amine selected from the group consisting of (C1) a
polymeric polyamine, and (C2) an amine containing not more than one
amino group and at least three alkoxy- or hydroxy-substituted
C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups R.sup.21, wherein at least one of
the groups R.sup.21 is different to the other groups R.sup.21, and
(C3) an amine containing not more than one amino group and at least
two alkoxy- or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups
R.sup.22, wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.22 bears the
alkoxy or hydroxy substituent at a secondary or tertiary carbon
atom and wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.22 is different
to the other group(s) R.sup.22, and (C4) an amine containing at
least one saturated or unsaturated C.sub.8 to C.sub.40 alkyl group
R.sup.23, and (C5) a saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic amine
which contains at least one oxygen atom as ring atom and which does
not contain a further alkoxy group.
49. The composition according to claim 35, wherein (C1) is a
polyethylene imine.
50. The composition according to claim 35, further comprising (E)
an alcohol comprising at least two hydroxy groups which are not
dissociable in the aqueous medium.
51. The composition according to claim 35, further comprising (E)
propane-1,2-diol (alpha-propylene glycol).
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser.
No. 14/902,181, filed Dec. 30, 2015, the entire contents of which
is incorporated herein in its entirety. U.S. application Ser. No.
14/902,181, is a National Stage application of International
Application No. PCT/IB2014/062667, filed Jun. 27, 2014, which
claims the benefit of International Application No.
PCT/IB2013/055484, filed Jul. 4, 2013; International Application
No. PCT/IB2013/055486, filed Jul. 4, 2013; and International
Application No. PCT/IB2013/055483, filed Jul. 4, 2013, the contents
of which are incorporated herein by reference in their
entirety.
DESCRIPTION
Field of the Invention
[0002] This invention essentially relates to compositions with
improved urease-inhibiting effect comprising (thio)phosphoric acid
triamide and further compounds and the use of such compositions as
additive or coating material for nitrogen-containing
fertilizers.
Description of the Prior Art
[0003] Worldwide, the predominant and further-increasing amount of
the nitrogen used for fertilizing is employed in the form of urea
or urea-containing fertilizers. Urea itself, however, is a form of
nitrogen which is absorbed very little if at all, being hydrolyzed
relatively rapidly by the enzyme urease, which is present
ubiquitously in the soil, to form ammonia and carbon dioxide. In
this process, in certain circumstances, gaseous ammonia is emitted
to the atmosphere, and is then no longer available in the soil for
the plants, thereby lowering the efficiency of fertilization.
[0004] It is known that the degree of utilization of the nitrogen
when using urea-containing fertilizers can be improved by spreading
urea-containing fertilizers together with substances which are able
to inhibit or decrease the enzymatic cleavage of urea (for a
general review, see Kiss, S. Simihaian, M. (2002) Improving
Efficiency of Urea Fertilizers by Inhibition of Soil Urease
Activity, ISBN 1-4020-0493-1, Kluwer Academic Publishers,
Dordrecht, The Netherlands). Among the most potent known urease
inhibitors are N-alkylthiophosphoric acid triamides and
N-alkylphosphoric acid triamides, which are described in EP 0 119
487, for example.
[0005] Additionally, mixtures of N-alkylthiophosphoric acid
triamides such as N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric acid triamide (NBPT)
and N-(n-propyl)thiophosphoric acid triamide (NPPT) can be used.
The mixtures and their preparation are described in US 2010/218575
A1, for example.
[0006] These urease inhibitors are described in U.S. Pat. No.
4,530,714, for example. In order for this class of compound to be
able to act as a urease inhibitor, there must first be a conversion
to the corresponding oxo form. That form reacts subsequently with
the urease, causing its inhibition.
[0007] It is advisable to apply the urease inhibitors together with
the urea onto or into the soil, since this ensures that the
inhibitor comes into contact, together with the fertilizer, with
the soil. The urease inhibitor may be incorporated in the urea by,
for example, dissolving it into the melt prior to urea granulation
or prilling. A process of this kind is described in U.S. Pat. No.
5,352,265, for example. A further option is to apply the urease
inhibitor to the urea granules or prills, in the form of a
solution, for example.
[0008] Corresponding processes for application, and suitable
solvents, are described in US 2010/218575 A1, for example. Other
suitable additives, for example amines selected from
methyldiethanolamine, tetrahydroxypropylethylenediamine,
trimethylaminoethylethanolamine,
N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine,
N,N',N''-tris(dimethylaminopropyl)hexahydrotriazine, and
2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, are described in US 2011/0154874
A1.
[0009] The storage life of the urease inhibitor is limited. The
higher the temperature, the shorter the storage life. If, for
example, urea is stored under tropical conditions, a major part of
the urease inhibitor has undergone decomposition, generally, after
about four weeks of storage. If the urease inhibitor is introduced
into the urea melt, the decomposition is less. For the
commercialization of the urea stabilized with the urease inhibitor,
however, it is often vital to apply the urease inhibitor to urea
and to store the treated fertilizer until the time of its spreading
to the soil.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0010] One of the objects of the present invention was to provide a
composition containing (thio)phosphoric acid triamide which [0011]
(i) enhances the stability of the (thio)phosphoric acid
triamide(s), and/or [0012] (ii) has a relatively long storage life,
particularly before being applied to or coated on
nitrogen-containing fertilizers, and/or [0013] (iii) enhances the
stability of the (thio)phosphoric acid triamide particularly when
applied to or coated on nitrogen-containing fertilizers such as
urea, and/or [0014] (iv) protects the (thio)phosphoric acid
triamide applied to or coated on nitrogen-containing fertilizers
such as urea from decomposition or loss, and/or [0015] (v) is
toxicologically unobjectionable, and/or [0016] (vi) does not
adversely affect the urease-inhibiting effect and/or activity of
the (thio)phosphoric acid triamide, and/or [0017] (vii) can be
easily and safely packaged, transported and shipped, even in large
quantities, [0018] (viii) can be easily and safely handled and
applied for soil treatment, even in large quantities.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0019] Accordingly, a composition (Q1) was found which
comprises:
[0020] (A) a mixture comprising at least one (thio)phosphoric acid
triamide according to the general formula (I)
R.sup.1R.sup.2N--P(X)(NH.sub.2).sub.2, [0021] wherein [0022] X is
oxygen or sulfur; [0023] R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl,
C.sub.3 to C.sub.20 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 aryl, or
dialkylaminocarbonyl group; [0024] R.sup.2 is H, or [0025] R.sup.1
and R.sup.2 together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a
5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic radical,
which optionally comprises 1 or 2 further heteroatoms selected from
the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, [0026]
and
[0027] (B) an aromatic alcohol according to the general formula
(II).
R.sup.11--C(R.sup.12)(R.sup.13)--OH, [0028] in an amount of more
than 10 wt. % (wt. % stands for "percent by weight") based on the
total weight of the composition (Q1), [0029] wherein [0030]
R.sup.11 is aryl or alkylaryl; [0031] R.sup.12 is H or alkyl;
[0032] R.sup.13 is H or alkyl.
[0033] Accordingly, a further composition (Q2) was found which
comprises:
[0034] (A) a mixture comprising at least one (thio)phosphoric acid
triamide according to the general formula (I)
R.sup.1R.sup.2N--P(X)(NH.sub.2).sub.2, [0035] wherein [0036] X is
oxygen or sulfur; [0037] R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl,
C.sub.3 to C.sub.20 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 aryl, or
dialkylaminocarbonyl group; [0038] R.sup.2 is H, or [0039] R.sup.1
and R.sup.2 together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a
5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic radical,
which optionally comprises 1 or 2 further heteroatoms selected from
the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, [0040]
and
[0041] (C) at least one amine selected from the group consisting of
[0042] (C1) a polymeric polyamine, and [0043] (C2) an amine
containing not more than one amino group and at least three alkoxy-
or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups R.sup.21,
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.21 is different to the
other groups R.sup.21, and [0044] (C3) an amine containing not more
than one amino group and at least two alkoxy- or
hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups R.sup.22,
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.22 bears the alkoxy or
hydroxy substituent at a secondary or tertiary carbon atom and
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.22 is different to the
other group(s) R.sup.22, and [0045] (C4) an amine containing at
least one saturated or unsaturated C.sub.8 to C.sub.40 alkyl group
R.sup.23, and [0046] (C5) a saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic
amine which contains at least one oxygen atom as ring atom and
which does not contain a further alkoxy group.
[0047] Accordingly, yet a further composition (Q3) was found which
comprises:
[0048] (A) a mixture comprising at least one (thio)phosphoric acid
triamide according to the general formula (I)
R.sup.1R.sup.2N--P(X)(NH.sub.2).sub.2, [0049] wherein [0050] X is
oxygen or sulfur; [0051] R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl,
C.sub.3 to C.sub.20 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 aryl, or
dialkylaminocarbonyl group; [0052] R.sup.2 is H, or [0053] R.sup.1
and R.sup.2 together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a
5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic radical,
which optionally comprises 1 or 2 further heteroatoms selected from
the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, [0054]
and
[0055] (D) at least one amide according to the general formula
(III)
R.sup.31CO--NR.sup.32R.sup.33 [0056] wherein [0057] R.sup.31CO is
an acyl radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, [0058] R.sup.32 is
hydrogen or alkyl, and [0059] R.sup.33 is hydrogen or alkyl, or
[0060] R.sup.32 and R.sup.33 together with the nitrogen atom
linking them define a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated
heterocyclic radical, which optionally comprises 1 or 2 further
heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen,
and sulfur.
[0061] In addition, a process for treating the soil comprising
applying the compositions of the invention into the soil in-furrow
and/or as side dress and/or as broadcast was found.
[0062] Moreover, the use of the compositions of the invention as
additive or coating material for nitrogen-containing fertilizers
has been found.
[0063] Preferred embodiments are explained in the claims and the
specification. It is understood that combinations of preferred
embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
[0064] The term "at least one" is to be understood as 1, 2, 3 or
more. A mixture comprising at least one amine refers for example to
a mixture comprising 1, 2, 3 or more amines.
[0065] The term "soil" is to be understood as a natural body
comprised of living (e.g. microorganisms (such as bacteria and
fungi), animals and plants) and non-living matter (e.g. minerals
and organic matter (e.g. organic compounds in varying degrees of
decomposition), liquid, and gases) that occurs on the land surface,
and is characterized by soil horizons that are distinguishable from
the initial material as a result of various physical, chemical,
biological, and anthropogenic processes. From an agricultural point
of view, soils are predominantly regarded as the anchor and primary
nutrient base for plants (plant habitat).
[0066] The term "fertilizer" is to be understood as chemical
compounds applied to promote plant and fruit growth. Fertilizers
are typically applied either through the soil (for uptake by plant
roots) or by foliar feeding (for uptake through leaves). The term
"fertilizer" can be subdivided into two major categories: a)
organic fertilizers (composed of decayed plant/animal matter) and
b) inorganic fertilizers (composed of chemicals and minerals).
Organic fertilizers include manure, slurry, worm castings, peat,
seaweed, sewage, and guano. Green manure crops are also regularly
grown to add nutrients (especially nitrogen) to the soil.
Manufactured organic fertilizers include compost, blood meal, bone
meal and seaweed extracts. Further examples are enzymatically
digested proteins, fish meal, and feather meal. The decomposing
crop residue from prior years is another source of fertility. In
addition, naturally occurring minerals such as mine rock phosphate,
sulfate of potash and limestone are also considered inorganic
fertilizers. Inorganic fertilizers are usually manufactured through
chemical processes (such as the Haber-Bosch process), also using
naturally occurring deposits, while chemically altering them (e.g.
concentrated triple superphosphate). Naturally occurring inorganic
fertilizers include Chilean sodium nitrate, mine rock phosphate,
and limestone.
[0067] "Manure" is organic matter used as organic fertilizer in
agriculture. Depending on its structure, manure can be divided into
liquid manure, semi-liquid manure, stable or solid manure and straw
manure. Depending on its origin, manure can be divided into manure
derived from animals or plants. Common forms of animal manure
include feces, urine, farm slurry (liquid manure) or farmyard
manure (FYM) whereas FYM also contains a certain amount of plant
material (typically straw), which may have been used as bedding for
animals. Animals from which manure can be used comprise horses,
cattle, pigs, sheep, chickens, turkeys, rabbits, and guano from
seabirds and bats. The application rates of animal manure when used
as fertilizer highly depends on the origin (type of animals). Plant
manures may derive from any kind of plant whereas the plant may
also be grown explicitly for the purpose of plowing them in (e.g.
leguminous plants), thus improving the structure and fertility of
the soil. Furthermore, plant matter used as manure may include the
contents of the rumens of slaughtered ruminants, spent hops (left
over from brewing beer) or seaweed.
[0068] The compositions of the invention are referred to as the
compositions (Q1), (Q2), and (Q3) in the following. The composition
(Q1) comprises (A) and (B)--latter in an amount of more than 10wt.
% based on the total weight of (Q1)--and optionally further
components as described below. The composition (Q2) comprises (A)
and (C) and optionally further components as described below. The
composition (Q3) comprises (A) and (D) and optionally further
components as described below.
[0069] According to the invention, the compositions (Q1), (Q2), and
(Q3) comprises--as one of their essential components--
[0070] (A) a mixture comprising at least one (thio)phosphoric acid
triamide according to the general formula (I)
R.sup.1R.sup.2N--P(X)(NH.sub.2).sub.2, [0071] wherein [0072] X is
oxygen or sulfur; [0073] R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl,
C.sub.3 to C.sub.20 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 aryl, or
dialkylaminocarbonyl group; [0074] R.sup.2 is H, or [0075] R.sup.1
and R.sup.2 together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a
5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic radical,
which optionally comprises 1 or 2 further heteroatoms selected from
the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
[0076] X in the general formula (I) of (A) is preferably
sulfur.
[0077] R.sup.1 in the general formula (I) of (A) is preferably
C.sub.1-C.sub.20-alkyl, more preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.10-alkyl,
most preferably C.sub.2-C.sub.7 alkyl, for example C.sub.3-C.sub.4
alkyl.
[0078] Examples of alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl,
isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl,
isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, hexyl, 2-methylpentyl, heptyl,
octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, isooctyl, nonyl, isononyl, decyl and isodecyl.
Examples of cycloalkyl groups are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,
cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cyclooctyl, examples of aryl groups are
phenyl or naphthyl. Examples of heterocyclic radicals
R.sub.1R.sub.2N-- are piperazinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolyl,
pyrazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl or imidazolyl groups.
[0079] According to one embodiment, (A) comprises
N-n-butylthiophosphoric acid triamide (NBPT) and/or
N-n-propylthiophosphoric acid triamide (NPPT), preferably NBPT and
NPPT.
[0080] According to another embodiment, (A) comprises at least two
different (thio)phosphoric acid triamides having structures of the
general formula (I) and wherein said at least two different
(thio)phosphoric acid triamides differ in at least one of radicals
R.sup.1 or R.sup.2, and preferably, one of said at least two
different (thio)phosphoric acid triamides is
N-n-butylthiophosphoric acid tramide (NBPT), and more preferably,
the other of said at least two different (thio)phosphoric acid
triamides is selected from the group consisting of N-cyclohexyl-,
N-pentyl-, N-isobutyl- and N-n-propylphosphoric acid triamide and
-thiophosphoric acid triamide. Especially preferred are mixtures
(A) which comprise NBPT in amounts of from 40 to 95 wt. %, most
preferably from 60 to 85% wt. %, particularly preferably from 72 to
80 wt. %, in each case based on the total weight of (A).
[0081] Generally, the mixture (A) can be contained in varying
amounts in the composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3). Preferably, the
amount of (A) is not more than 85 wt. % (wt. % stands for "percent
by weight"), more preferably not more than 60 wt. %, most
preferably not more than 45 wt. %, most particularly preferably not
more than 35 wt. %, particularly not more than 30 wt. %, for
example not more than 27 wt. %, based on the total weight of the
composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3). Preferably, the amount of (A) is
at least 1 wt. %, more preferably at least 4 wt. %, most preferably
at least 10 wt. %, most particularly preferably at least 15 wt. %,
particularly at least 20 wt. %, for example at least 23 wt. %,
based on the total weight of the composition (Q1), (Q2), or
(Q3).
[0082] According to the invention, the composition (Q1)
comprises--as one of its essential components--
[0083] (B) an aromatic alcohol according to the general formula
(II)
R.sup.11--C(R.sup.12)(R.sup.13)--OH, [0084] in an amount of more
than 10 wt. % based on the total weight of the composition (Q1),
[0085] wherein [0086] R.sup.11 is aryl or alkylaryl; [0087]
R.sup.12 is H or alkyl; [0088] R.sup.13 is H or alkyl.
[0089] The compositions (Q2) and (Q3) can further optionally
comprise
[0090] (B) an aromatic alcohol according to the general formula
(II)
R.sup.11--C(R.sup.12)(R.sup.13)--OH, [0091] wherein [0092] R.sup.11
is aryl or alkylaryl; [0093] R.sup.12 is H or alkyl; [0094]
R.sup.13 is H or alkyl.
[0095] The aromatic alcohol (B) is preferably used as solvent in
the composition (Q1). If present, the aromatic alcohol (B) is
preferably used as solvent in the compositions (Q2), or (Q3).
[0096] According to one embodiment, R.sup.12 in the general formula
(II) of (B) is C.sub.1-C.sub.40 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1 to
C.sub.20 alkyl, more preferably C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyl, most
preferably C.sub.1 to C.sub.5 alkyl. According to another
embodiment, R.sup.13 in the general formula (II) of (B) is
C.sub.1-C.sub.40 alkyl, preferably C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl, more
preferably C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyl, most preferably C.sub.1 to
C.sub.5 alkyl.
[0097] According to another embodiment, R.sup.12 in the general
formula (II) of (B) is H. According to another embodiment, R.sup.13
in the general formula (II) of (B) is H. According to another
embodiment, R.sup.13 in the general formula (II) of (B) is H.
[0098] According to one embodiment, R.sup.11 in the general formula
(II) of (B) is aryl. According to another embodiment, R.sup.11 in
the general formula (II) of (B) is phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, or
pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl or imidazolyl.
According to another embodiment, R.sup.11 in the general formula
(II) of (B) is phenyl.
[0099] According to one embodiment, (B) is benzyl alcohol.
[0100] Generally, the aromatic alcohol (B) can be contained in any
amounts greater than 10 wt. % in the composition (Q1) based on the
total weight of the composition (Q1). Preferably, the amount of (B)
is not more than 99 wt. % (wt. % stands for "percent by weight"),
more preferably not more than 93 wt. %, most preferably not more
than 87 wt. %, most particularly preferably not more than 80 wt. %,
particularly not more than 75 wt. %, for example not more than 70
wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition (Q1).
Preferably, the amount of (B) is at least 13 wt. %, more preferably
at least 20 wt. %, most preferably at least 35 wt. %, most
particularly preferably at least 45 wt. %, particularly at least 55
wt. %, for example at least 60 wt. %, based on the total weight of
the composition (Q1).
[0101] According to another embodiment, the amount of (B) is
preferably not more than 78 wt. %, more preferably not more than 67
wt. %, most preferably not more than 61 wt. %, most particularly
preferably not more than 56 wt. %, particularly not more than 53
wt. %, for example not more than 50 wt. %, based on the total
weight of the composition (Q1). Preferably, the amount of (B) is at
least 16 wt. %, more preferably at least 21 wt. %, most preferably
at least 26 wt. %, most particularly preferably at least 30 wt. %,
particularly at least 37 wt. %, for example at least 40 wt. %,
based on the total weight of the composition (Q1).
[0102] If present, the aromatic alcohol (B) can generally be
contained in varying amounts in the composition (Q2) or (Q3). If
present, the amount of (B) is preferably not more than 95 wt. %
(wt. % stands for "percent by weight"), more preferably not more
than 80 wt. %, most preferably not more than 70 wt. %, most
particularly preferably not more than 60 wt. %, particularly not
more than 55 wt. %, for example not more than 50 wt. %, based on
the total weight of the composition (Q2) or (Q3). If present, the
amount of (B) is preferably at least 6 wt. %, more preferably at
least 13 wt. %, most preferably at least 21 wt. %, most
particularly preferably at least 30 wt. %, particularly at least 35
wt. %, for example at least 40 wt. %, based on the total weight of
the composition (Q2), or (Q3).
[0103] According to the invention, the composition (Q2)
comprises--as one of its essential components--and the compositions
(Q1) and (Q3) can further comprise--as one of its optional
components--
[0104] (C) at least one amine selected from the group consisting of
[0105] (C1) a polymeric polyamine, and [0106] (C2) an amine
containing not more than one amino group and at least three alkoxy-
or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups R.sup.21,
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.21 is different to the
other groups R.sup.21, and [0107] (C3) an amine containing not more
than one amino group and at least two alkoxy- or
hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups R.sup.22,
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.22 bears the alkoxy or
hydroxy substituent at a secondary or tertiary carbon atom and
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.22 is different to the
other group(s) R.sup.22, and [0108] (C4) an amine containing at
least one saturated or unsaturated C.sub.8 to C.sub.40 alkyl group
R.sup.23, and [0109] (C5) a saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic
amine which contains at least one oxygen atom as ring atom and
which does not contain a further alkoxy group.
[0110] Generally, the amine(s) (C) can be contained in varying
amounts in the composition (Q2). Preferably, the amount of (C) is
not more than 90 wt. % (wt. % stands for "percent by weight"), more
preferably not more than 65 wt. %, most preferably not more than 48
wt. %, most particularly preferably not more than 37 wt. %,
particularly not more than 30 wt. %, for example not more than 24
wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition (Q2).
Preferably, the amount of (C) is at least 1 wt. %, more preferably
at least 3 wt. %, most preferably at least 6 wt. %, most
particularly preferably at least 9 wt. %, particularly at least 14
wt. %, for example at least 18 wt. %, based on the total weight of
the composition (Q2).
[0111] If present, the amine(s) (C) can generally be contained in
varying amounts in the composition (Q1) or (Q3). If present, the
amount of (C) is preferably not more than 90 wt. % (wt. % stands
for "percent by weight"), more preferably not more than 65 wt. %,
most preferably not more than 48 wt. %, most particularly
preferably not more than 37 wt. %, particularly not more than 30
wt. %, for example not more than 24 wt. %, based on the total
weight of the composition (Q1) or (Q3). If present, the amount of
(C) is preferably at least 1 wt. %, more preferably at least 3 wt.
%, most preferably at least 6 wt. %, most particularly preferably
at least 9 wt. %, particularly at least 14 wt. %, for example at
least 18 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition (Q1)
or (Q3).
[0112] According to one embodiment, (C) is [0113] (C1) a polymeric
polyamine.
[0114] Generally, (C1) can be any polymeric polyamine, and is
preferably a polyalkyleneimine or polyvinylamine, more preferably a
polyalkyleneimine, most preferably a polyethyleneimine,
polypropyleneimine, or polybutyleneimine, particularly a
polyethyleneimine.
[0115] According to one embodiment, (C1) is preferably any
polymeric polyamine comprising ethyleneimine (--CH2CH2NH--) as
monomeric units, including homopolymers and any copolymers of
ethyleneimine, and is preferably a homopolymer of ethyleneimine.
Copolymers can be alternating, periodic, statistical or block
copolymers.
[0116] Generally, (C1) can be of any polymer structure, for example
a linear polymer, a ring polymer, a cross-linked polymer, a
branched polymer, a star polymer, a comb polymer, a brush polymer,
a dendronized polymer, or a dendrimer etc. According to one
embodiment, (C1) is an essentially linear polymer, and is
preferably a linear polymer.
[0117] Polyethyleneimines which may be used are polyethyleneimine
homopolymers which may be present in uncrosslinked or crosslinked
form. The polyethyleneimine homopolymers can be prepared by known
processes, as described, for example, in Rompps (Chemie Lexikon,
8th edition, 1992, pages 3532-3533), or in Ullmanns Enzyklopadie
der Technischen Chemie, 4th edition, 1974, vol. 8, pages 212-213.
and the literature stated there. They have a molecular weight in
the range from about 200 to 1000000 g/mol. Corresponding commercial
products are for example available under the name Lupasol.RTM. from
BASF SE.
[0118] According to one embodiment of the invention, the
polyethyleneimine (C1) is preferably a polyethylenimine having a
degree of branching in the range of from 0.1 to 0.95 (also referred
to as "highly branched polyethyleneimine"), and more preferably a
polyethylenimine having a degree of branching in the range of from
0.25 to 0.90, more preferably a polyethylenimine having a degree of
branching in the range of from 0.30 to 0.80, and most preferably a
polyethylenimine having a degree of branching in the range of 0.50
to 0.80.
[0119] Highly branched polyethyleneimines are characterized by its
high degree of branching, which can be determined for example via
.sup.13C-NMR spectroscopy, preferably in D.sub.2O, and is defined
as follows:
Degree of branching=D+T/D+T+L
[0120] D (dendritic) equals the percentage of tertiary amino
groups, L (linear) equals the percentage of secondary amino groups,
and T (terminal) equals the percentage of primary amino groups.
[0121] Generally, the polymeric polyamine (C1) can have different
weight average molecular weights. The weight average molecular
weight of (C1) is preferably at least 200, more preferably at least
400, most preferably at least 550, particularly at least 650, for
example at least 750. The weight average molecular weight of (C1)
is preferably not more than 10,000, more preferably not more than
4,000, most preferably not more than 1,900, particularly not more
than 1,500, for example not more than 1,350. The weight average
molecular weight can be determined by standard gel permeation
chromatography (GPC) known to the person skilled in the art.
[0122] According to another embodiment, (C) is [0123] (C2) an amine
containing not more than one amino group and at least three alkoxy-
or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups R.sup.21,
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.21 is different to the
other groups R.sup.21.
[0124] A number of groups R.sup.21 within (C2) is at least 3,
preferably 3 to 5, more preferably 3 to 4, and most preferably
3.
[0125] The number of carbon atoms in each group R.sup.21 within
(C2) is 2 to 12, preferably 2 to 9, more preferably 2 to 7, most
preferably 2 to 5, particularly preferably 2 to 4, particularly 2
to 3, for example 3, wherein said number of carbon atoms does not
include carbon atoms in any alkoxy groups or any other substituents
of R.sup.21.
[0126] The groups R.sup.21 within (C2) are alkoxy- or
hydroxy-substituted, preferably hydroxy-substituted. For one amine
(C2), among the at least three groups R.sup.21, at least one of the
groups R.sup.21 is different to the other groups R.sup.21,
preferably one of the groups R.sup.21 is different to the other
groups R.sup.21.
[0127] Preferably at least one of the groups R.sup.21, more
preferably at least two of the groups R.sup.21, most preferably at
least three of the groups R.sup.21, particularly all groups
R.sup.21 is or are covalently bound to the amino group of the amine
(C2).
[0128] According to another preferred embodiment, (C2) [0129] is an
amine containing not more than one amino group and at least three
hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.8--or preferably C.sub.2 to
C.sub.5--alkyl groups R.sup.21, wherein at least one of the groups
R.sup.21 is different to the other groups R.sup.21, [0130] is
preferably an amine containing not more than one amino group and at
least three hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.3 alkyl groups
R.sup.21, wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.21 is different
to the other groups R.sup.21, [0131] is more preferably an amine
containing not more than one amino group and three
hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.3 alkyl groups R.sup.21 which
are covalently bound to the amino group, wherein one of the groups
R.sup.21 is different to the other groups R.sup.21, and [0132] is
for example an amine selected from the group consisting of
Bis(hydroxyethyl)-isopropanolamine (DEIPA), and
1,1'-((2-Hydroxyethyl)imino)dipropan-2-ol.
[0133] According to another preferred embodiment, (C2) is an amine
N(R.sup.21).sub.3 wherein R.sup.21 is a an alkoxy- or
hydroxy-substituted--preferably a hydroxyl-substituted--C.sub.2 to
C.sub.12--preferably a C.sub.2 to C.sub.7, more preferably a
C.sub.2 to C.sub.3--alkyl group and wherein one of the groups
R.sup.21 is different to the other group R.sup.21.
[0134] According to another preferred embodiment, (C2) is an amine
N(R.sup.21).sub.3 wherein R.sup.21 is a an alkoxy- or
hydroxy-substituted--preferably a hydroxyl-substituted--C.sub.2 to
C.sub.12--preferably a C.sub.2 to C.sub.7, more preferably a
C.sub.2 to C.sub.3--alkyl group and wherein one of the groups
R.sup.21 is different to the other group R.sup.21 and wherein at
least one of the groups R.sup.21 bears the alkoxy or hydroxy
substituent at a secondary or tertiary carbon atom.
[0135] According to another embodiment, (C) is [0136] (C3) an amine
containing not more than one amino group and at least two alkoxy-
or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups R.sup.22,
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.22 bears the alkoxy or
hydroxy substituent at a secondary or tertiary carbon atom and
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.22 is different to the
other group(s) R.sup.22.
[0137] A number of groups R.sup.22 within (C3) is at least 2,
preferably 2 to 5, more preferably 2 to 4, and most preferably 2 to
3, for example 2.
[0138] The number of carbon atoms in each group R.sup.22 within
(C3) is 2 to 12, preferably 2 to 9, more preferably 2 to 7, most
preferably 2 to 5, particularly preferably 2 to 4, particularly 2
to 3, for example 3, wherein said number of carbon atoms does not
include carbon atoms in any alkoxy groups or any other substituents
of R.sup.22.
[0139] The groups R.sup.22 within (C3) are alkoxy- or
hydroxy-substituted, preferably hydroxy-substituted. For one amine
(C3), among the at least two groups R.sup.22, at least one of the
groups R.sup.22 is different to the other group(s) R.sup.22,
preferably one of the groups R.sup.22 is different to the other
group(s) R.sub.22.
[0140] Preferably at least one of the groups R.sup.22, more
preferably at least two of the groups R.sup.22, most preferably all
groups R.sup.22 is or are covalently bound to the amino group of
the amine (C3).
[0141] Preferably at least one of the groups R.sup.22, more
preferably one of the groups R.sup.22 bears the alkoxy or hydroxy
substituent at a secondary or tertiary carbon atom, particularly at
a secondary carbon atom.
[0142] According to another preferred embodiment, (C3) [0143] is an
amine containing not more than one amino group and at least two
hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.7 alkyl groups R.sup.22,
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.22 bears the hydroxy
substituent at a secondary or tertiary carbon atom and wherein at
least one of the groups R.sup.22 is different to the other group(s)
R.sup.22, [0144] is more preferably an amine containing not more
than one amino group and at least two hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2
to C.sub.4 alkyl groups R.sup.22, wherein at least one of the
groups R.sup.22 bears the hydroxy substituent at a secondary carbon
atom and wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.22 is different
to the other group(s) R.sup.22, [0145] is most preferably an amine
containing not more than one amino group and two
hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.3 alkyl groups R.sup.22 which
are covalently bound to the amino group of the amine (C3), wherein
at least one of the groups R.sup.22 bears the hydroxy substituent
at a secondary carbon atom and wherein one of the groups R.sup.22
is different to the other group R.sup.22, [0146] is for example an
amine selected from the group consisting of
1-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-propan-2-ol, and
N-Methyl-N-hydroxyethyl-isopropanolamine.
[0147] According to another preferred embodiment, (C3) is an amine
R.sup.24N(R.sup.22).sub.2 wherein R.sup.24 is H or a C.sub.1 to
C.sub.12--preferably a C.sub.1 to C.sub.7, more preferably a
C.sub.1 to C.sub.3--alkyl group and R.sup.22 is an alkoxy- or
hydroxy-substituted--preferably a hydroxyl-substituted--C.sub.2 to
C.sub.12 --preferably a C.sub.2 to C.sub.7, more preferably a
C.sub.2 to C.sub.3--alkyl group and wherein at least one of the
groups R.sup.22 bears the hydroxy substituent at a secondary carbon
atom and wherein one of the groups R.sup.22 is different to the
other group R.sup.22.
[0148] According to another embodiment, (C) is [0149] (C4) an amine
containing at least one saturated or unsaturated C.sub.8 to
C.sub.40 alkyl group R.sup.23.
[0150] The number of carbon atoms in each group R.sup.23 within
(C4) is 8 to 40, preferably 8 to 32, more preferably 8 to 24, most
preferably 8 to 19, particularly preferably 8 to 16.
[0151] The group R.sup.23 within (C4) is saturated or unsaturated,
preferably unsaturated.
[0152] According to another preferred embodiment, (C4) contains at
least one alkoxy or hydroxy group, more preferably at least one
alkoxy and at least one hydroxy groups, most preferably at least
two alkoxy and at least one hydroxyl group, particularly at least
four alkoxy and at least one hydroxyl group.
[0153] For example, (C4) is an amine selected from the group
consisting of: ethoxylated (2) cocoalkylamine, ethoxylated (5)
cocoalkylamine, ethoxylated (15) cocoalkylamine, ethoxylated (2)
oleylamine, lauryl-dimethylamine, oleyl-dimethylamine, and
2-propylheptylamine ethoxylate (5 EO), 2-propylheptylamine
ethoxylate (10 EO), and 2-propylheptylamine ethoxylate (20 EO).
[0154] According to another embodiment, (C) is [0155] (C5) a
saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic amine which contains at least
one oxygen atom as ring atom and which does not contain a further
alkoxy group.
[0156] The term "heterocyclic amine" stands for a heterocyclic
compound in which at least one ring atom of the heterocyclic ring
is a nitrogen atom.
[0157] The heterocyclic amine (C5) is saturated or unsaturated,
preferably saturated.
[0158] The heterocyclic amine (C5) contains preferably a 5-, 6- or
7-membered heterocyclic ring, more preferably a 5- or 6-membered
ring, most preferably a 6-membered ring.
[0159] The heterocyclic amine (C5) contains at least one, more
preferably 1 to 3, most preferably 1 to 2, particularly one oxygen
atom(s) as ring atom(s) of the heterocyclic ring.
[0160] The heterocyclic amine (C5) is preferably a morpholine or
morpholine derivative, more preferably N-alkyl morpholine, most
preferably N-methyl, N-ethyl, N-propyl, or N-butyl morpholine, for
example N-methyl morpholine.
[0161] According to the invention, the composition (Q3)
comprises--as one of its essential components--and the compositions
(Q1) and (Q2) can further comprise--as one of its optional
components--
[0162] (D) at least one amide according to the general formula
(III)
R.sup.31CO--NR.sup.32R.sup.33 [0163] wherein [0164] R.sup.31CO is
an acyl radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; [0165] R.sup.32 is H
or alkyl, and [0166] R.sup.33 is H or alkyl, or [0167] R.sup.32 and
R.sup.33 together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a 5-
or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic radical, which
optionally comprises 1 or 2 further heteroatoms selected from the
group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
[0168] Generally, the amide(s) (D) can be contained in varying
amounts in the composition (Q3). Preferably, the amount of (D) is
not more than 90 wt. % (wt. % stands for "percent by weight"), more
preferably not more than 65 wt. %, most preferably not more than 45
wt. %, most particularly preferably not more than 30 wt. %,
particularly not more than 22 wt. %, for example not more than 16
wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition (Q3).
Preferably, the amount of (D) is at least 1 wt. %, more preferably
at least 3 wt. %, most preferably at least 6 wt. %, most
particularly preferably at least 9 wt. %, particularly at least 12
wt. %, for example at least 15 wt. %, based on the total weight of
the composition (Q3).
[0169] If present, the amide (D) can generally be contained in
varying amounts in the composition (Q1) or (Q2). If present, the
amount of (D) is preferably not more than 90 wt. % (wt. % stands
for "percent by weight"), more preferably not more than 65 wt. %,
most preferably not more than 45 wt. %, most particularly
preferably not more than 30 wt. %, particularly not more than 22
wt. %, for example not more than 16 wt. %, based on the total
weight of the composition (Q1) or (Q2). If present, the amount of
(D) is preferably at least 1 wt. %, more preferably at least 3 wt.
%, most preferably at least 6 wt. %, most particularly preferably
at least 9 wt. %, particularly at least 12 wt. %, for example at
least 15 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition (Q1)
or (Q2).
[0170] In the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.32 is H or alkyl,
preferably H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.40 alkyl, more preferably H or
C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl, most preferably H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.10
alkyl, particularly preferably H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, most
particularly preferably C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, particularly
C.sub.1 to C.sub.2 alkyl, for example methyl.
[0171] In the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.33 is H or alkyl,
preferably H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.40 alkyl, more preferably H or
C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl, most preferably H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.10
alkyl, particularly preferably H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, most
particularly preferably C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, particularly
C.sub.1 to C.sub.2 alkyl, for example methyl.
[0172] According to one preferred embodiment, in the general
formula (III) of (D) R.sup.32 is H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, and
R.sup.33 is H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, more preferably,
R.sup.32 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, and R.sup.33 is C.sub.1 to
C.sub.4 alkyl, most preferably, R.sup.32 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.2
alkyl, and R.sup.33 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.2 alkyl.
[0173] According to one preferred embodiment (D1PE), in the general
formula (III) of (D) R.sup.31CO is a hydroxysubstituted acyl
radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and more preferably,
R.sup.31CO is a hydroxysubstituted acyl radical having 1 to 22
carbon atoms, and R.sup.32 is alkyl, and R.sup.33 is alkyl, and
most preferably, R.sup.31CO is a hydroxysubstituted acyl radical
having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and R.sup.32 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.4
alkyl, and R.sup.33 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl.
[0174] According to another preferred embodiment, the amide (D) is
a N,N-dialkyl amide based on lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric
acid, ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxy stearic acid, or their mixtures,
preferably a N,N-dialkyl amide based on lactic acid, citric acid,
tartaric acid, or their mixtures, most preferably a N,N-dimethyl
amide based on lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid,
particularly a lactic acid N,N-dimethylamide.
[0175] According to another preferred embodiment (D2PE), in the
general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.31CO is an acyl radical having 6
to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably, R.sup.31CO is an acyl radical
having 8 to 10 carbon atoms.
[0176] According to another preferred embodiment, in the general
formula (III) of (D) R.sup.31CO does not contain a hydroxy group,
and more preferably, R.sup.31CO does not contain a hydroxy group
and is an acyl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and most
preferably, R.sup.31CO does not contain a hydroxy group and is an
acyl radical having 8 to 10 carbon atoms. For example, the amide
(D) is selected from the group consisting of
N,N-dimethyloctanamide, N,N-dimethylnonanamide, and
N,N-dimethyldecanamide.
[0177] According to another preferred embodiment (D3PE), in the
general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.31CO is an acyl radical having 1
to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably, R.sup.31CO is an acyl radical
having 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
[0178] According to another preferred embodiment, in the general
formula (Ill) of (D) R.sup.32 and R.sup.33 together with the
nitrogen atom linking them define a 5- or 6-membered saturated or
unsaturated heterocyclic radical which optionally comprises 1 or 2
further heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen,
oxygen, and sulfur, and more preferably, R.sup.32 and R.sup.33
together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a 6-membered
saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic radical which optionally
comprises one further heteroatom selected from the group consisting
of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, most preferably R.sup.32 and
R.sup.33 together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a
6-membered saturated heterocyclic radical which comprises one
further oxygen heteroatom, particularly R.sup.32 and R.sup.33
together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a morpholinyl
radical. For example, the amide (D) is N-acetylmorpholine or
N-formylmorpholine.
[0179] According to another preferred embodiment (D4PE), in the
general formula (Ill) of (D) R.sup.32 and R.sup.33 together with
the nitrogen atom linking them define a 5-membered saturated or
unsaturated heterocyclic radical which optionally comprises 1 or 2
further heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen,
oxygen, and sulfur, and more preferably, R.sup.32 and R.sup.33
together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a 5-membered
saturated heterocyclic radical which optionally comprises one
further nitrogen heteroatoms, most preferably R.sup.32 and R.sup.33
together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a 5-membered
saturated heterocyclic radical which comprises one further nitrogen
heteroatom which is covalently bound to the carbon atom of the
carbonyl group of R.sup.31CO, particularly R.sup.32 and R.sup.33
together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a
imidazolidinonyl radical. For example, the amide (D) is
1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (also referred to as
dimethylethylenurea).
[0180] According to another preferred embodiment (D5PE), in the
general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.32 is an acyloxy substituted
alkyl group, more preferably, R.sup.31CO is an acyl radical having
1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R.sup.32 is an acyloxy substituted alkyl
group, most preferably, R.sup.31CO is an acyl radical having 1 to 4
carbon atoms, R.sup.32 is an acyloxy substituted alkyl group and
R.sup.33 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl.
[0181] For example, the amide (D) is
N-[2-(acetyloxy)ethyl]-N-methyl acetamide.
[0182] The composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3) can further optionally
comprise
[0183] (E) an alcohol comprising at least two hydroxy groups which
are not dissociable in the aqueous medium. The alcohol (E) is
different from the components (A), (B), (C) and (D).
[0184] "Not dissociable" means that the pK.sub.a value (logarithmic
measure of the acid dissociation constant) for the reaction alcohol
(D).fwdarw.deprotonated alcohol (D)+H.sup.+of the hydroxy group in
the neutral aqueous phase is more than 9.9, more preferably more
than 11, most preferably more than 12, particularly preferably more
than 13, for example more than 14 as measured in de-ionized water
at 25.degree. C. and atmospheric pressure. For example,
propane1,2-diol (alpha-propylene glycol) has a pK.sub.a value of
14.9 as measured in de-ionized water at 25.degree. C. and
atmospheric pressure.
[0185] If present, the alcohol (E) is preferably used as solvent in
the compositions (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3).
[0186] Preferably, the alcohol (E) is a diol, triol, tetraol,
pentaol, hexaol, heptaol, octaol, nonaol, decaol, or a polyol. More
preferably, (E) is a diol, triol, tetraol, pentaol, or hexaol. Most
preferably, (E) is a diol. Particularly most preferably, (E) is
ethanediol (ethylene glycol), propanediol (propylene glycol), or
butanediol (butylene glycol). Particularly, (E) is propanediol
(propylene glycol). For example, (E) is propane-1,2-diol
(alpha-propylene glycol).
[0187] The alcohol (E) is preferably an alcohol having 2 to 50
carbon atoms, more preferably an alcohol having 2 to 20 carbon
atoms, most preferably an alcohol having 2 to 11 carbon atoms,
particularly preferably an alcohol having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, in
particular an alcohol having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, for example an
alcohol having 3 carbon atoms.
[0188] If present, the alcohol (E) can be contained in varying
amounts in the composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3). If present, the
amount of (E) is preferably not more than 99 wt. % (wt. % stands
for "percent by weight"), more preferably not more than 93 wt. %,
most preferably not more than 87 wt. %, most particularly
preferably not more than 80 wt. %, particularly not more than 75
wt. %, for example not more than 70 wt. %, based on the total
weight of the composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3). If present, the
amount of (E) is at least 13 wt. %, more preferably at least 20 wt.
%, most preferably at least 35 wt. %, most particularly preferably
at least 45 wt. %, particularly at least 55 wt. %, for example at
least 60 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition (Q1),
(Q2), or (Q3).
[0189] According to another embodiment, the amount of (E) is
preferably not more than 78 wt. %, more preferably not more than 67
wt. %, most preferably not more than 61 wt. %, most particularly
preferably not more than 56 wt. %, particularly not more than 53
wt. %, for example not more than 50 wt. %, based on the total
weight of the composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3). Preferably, the
amount of (E) is at least 16 wt. %, more preferably at least 21 wt.
%, most preferably at least 26 wt. %, most particularly preferably
at least 30 wt. %, particularly at least 37 wt. %, for example at
least 40 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition (Q1),
(Q2), or (Q3).
[0190] The composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3) can further optionally
comprise
[0191] (F) a nitrogen-containing fertilizer. The
nitrogen-containing fertilizer (F) is different from the components
(A), (B), (C) and (D).
[0192] The nitrogen-containing fertilizer (F) preferably comprises
manure, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride,
cyanamide, dicyandiamide (DCD), calcium nitrate, or urea-containing
fertilizer (F1), more preferably comprises urea-containing
fertilizer (F1), most preferably comprises urea, for example is
urea.
[0193] The urea-containing fertilizer (F1) is defined as a
fertilizer comprising at least one component selected from the
group consisting of urea, urea ammonium nitrate (UAN),
isobutylidene diurea (IBDU), crotonylidene diurea (CDU) and urea
formaldehyde (UF), urea-acetaldehyde, and urea-glyoxal
condensates.
[0194] In customary commercial fertilizer quality, the urea has a
purity of at least 90%, and may for example be in crystalline,
granulated, compacted, prilled or ground form.
[0195] If present, the fertilizer (F) can be contained in varying
amounts in the composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3). If present, the
amount of (F) is preferably not more than 99.99 wt. % (wt. % stands
for "percent by weight"), more preferably not more than 99.9 wt. %,
most preferably not more than 99.5 wt. %, most particularly
preferably not more than 99 wt. %, particularly not more than 98
wt. %, for example not more than 97 wt. %, based on the total
weight of the composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3). If present, the
amount of (F) is preferably at least 96 wt. %, more preferably at
least 93 wt. %, most preferably at least 90 wt. %, most
particularly preferably at least 82 wt. %, particularly at least 70
wt. %, for example at least 50 wt. %, based on the total weight of
the composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3).
[0196] The properties of the composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3)--such
as stability, storage life, or stability when applied to or coated
on nitrogen-containing fertilizers (F) such as urea--may depend on
the pH of the corresponding composition. In general, the
composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3) can have any pH value. The pH value
of the composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3) is preferably not more than
14, more preferably not more than 13, most preferably not more than
12, particularly preferably not more than 11.6, particularly most
preferably not more than 11.3, particularly not more than 11, for
example not more than 10.7. The pH value of the composition (Q1),
(Q2), or (Q3) is preferably at least 6, more preferably at least 7,
most preferably at least 7.5, particularly preferably at least 8.0,
particularly most preferably at least 8.2, particularly at least
8.5, for example at least 8.7. The pH value of the composition
(Q1), (Q2), or (Q3) is preferably in the range of from 6 to 14,
more preferably from 7 to 13, most preferably from 7.5 to 12,
particularly preferably from 8 to 11.6, particularly most
preferably from 8.2 to 11.3, particularly from 8.5 to 11, for
example from 8.7 to 10.7.
[0197] The composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3) can further optionally
contain at least one pH adjusting agent (G). The pH adjusting agent
(G) is different from the components (A), (B), (C) and (D). In
general, the pH adjusting agent (G) is a compound which is added to
the composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3) to have its pH value adjusted
to the required value. Preferably, the composition (Q1), (Q2), or
(Q3) contains at least one pH adjusting agent (G). Preferred pH
adjusting agents are inorganic acids, carboxylic acids, amine
bases, alkali hydroxides, ammonium hydroxides, including
tetraalkylammonium hydroxides. Particularly, the pH adjusting agent
(G) is nitric acid, sulfuric acid, ammonia, sodium hydroxide, or
potassium hydroxide. For example, the pH adjusting agent (G) is
potassium hydroxide.
[0198] If present, the pH adjusting agent (G) can be contained in
varying amounts in the composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3). If present,
the amount of (G) is preferably not more than 10 wt. %, more
preferably not more than 2 wt. %, most preferably not more than 0.5
wt. %, particularly not more than 0.1 wt. %, for example not more
than 0.05 wt. %, based on the total weight of the corresponding
composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3). If present, the amount of (G) is
preferably at least 0.0005 wt. %, more preferably at least 0.005
wt. %, most preferably at least 0.025 wt. %, particularly at least
0.1 wt. %, for example at least 0.4 wt. %, based on the total
weight of the corresponding composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3).
[0199] The composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3) can further optionally
contain the compound (K) selected from the group consisting of
[0200] (K1) an amine selected from the group consisting of
methyldiethanolamine, tetrahydroxypropylethylenediamine,
trimethylaminoethylethanolamine,
N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine,
N,N',N''-tris(dimethylaminopropyl)hexahydrotriazine, and
2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether,
[0201] (K2) an amine containing not more than one amino group and
at least three alkoxy- or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12
alkyl groups R.sup.41, wherein all groups R.sup.41 within said
amine are identical, and
[0202] (K3) an amine containing not more than one amino group and
at least two alkoxy- or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12
alkyl groups R.sup.42, wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.42
bears the alkoxy or hydroxy substituent at a secondary or tertiary
carbon atom and wherein all groups R.sup.42 with said amine are
identical.
[0203] (K2) or (K3) are preferably triethanolamine,
tripropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine,
diethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, or methyldipropanolamine.
[0204] If present, the compound (K) can generally be contained in
varying amounts in the composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3). If present,
the amount of (K) is preferably not more than 40 wt. % (wt. %
stands for "percent by weight"), more preferably not more than 30
wt. %, most preferably not more than 25 wt. %, most particularly
preferably not more than 20 wt. %, particularly not more than 18
wt. %, for example not more than 15 wt. %, based on the total
weight of the composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3).). If present, the
amount of (K) is preferably at least 1 wt. %, more preferably at
least 3 wt. %, most preferably at least 5 wt. %, most particularly
preferably at least 8 wt. %, particularly at least 11 wt. %, for
example at least 14 wt. %, based on the total weight of the
composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3).
[0205] The composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3) can further optionally
contain components (H) which are selected from the group consisting
of auxiliaries, solvents, solid carriers, surfactants, adjuvants,
thickeners, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti-foaming
agents, colorants, tackifiers, binders, preservatives,
antioxidants, and odorants. The component (H) is different from the
components (A), (B), (C) and (D).
[0206] Suitable auxiliaries are solvents, liquid carriers, solid
carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers,
wetters, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective
colloids, adhesion agents, thickeners, humectants, repellents,
attractants, feeding stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides,
anti-freezing agents, anti-foaming agents, colorants, tackifiers
and binders.
[0207] Suitable solvents and liquid carriers are water and organic
solvents, such as mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling
point, e.g. kerosene, diesel oil; oils of vegetable or animal
origin; aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e. g. toluene,
paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes; alcohols,
e.g. ethanol, propanol, butanol, cyclohexanol; glycols; DMSO;
ketones, e.g. cyclohexanone; esters, e.g. lactates, carbonates,
fatty acid esters, gamma-butyrolactone; fatty acids; phosphonates;
amines; amides, e.g. N-methylpyrrolidone, fatty acid
dimethylamides; and mixtures thereof.
[0208] Suitable solid carriers or fillers are mineral earths, e.g.
silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk,
clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate,
magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide; polysaccharides, e.g.
cellulose, starch; fertilizers, e.g. ammonium sulfate, ammonium
phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas; products of vegetable origin,
e.g. cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal, nutshell meal, and
mixtures thereof.
[0209] Suitable surfactants are surface-active compounds, such as
anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants, block
polymers, polyelectrolytes, and mixtures thereof. Such surfactants
can be used as emulsifier, dispersant, solubilizer, wetter,
penetration enhancer, protective colloid, or adjuvant. Examples of
surfactants are listed in McCutcheon's, Vol. 1: Emulsifiers &
Detergents, McCutcheon's Directories, Glen Rock, USA, 2008
(International Ed. or North American Ed.).
[0210] Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali, alkaline earth or
ammonium salts of sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates,
and mixtures thereof. Examples of sulfonates are
alkylarylsulfonates, diphenylsulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates,
lignine sulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates
of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated arylphenols,
sulfonates of condensed naphthalenes, sulfonates of dodecyl- and
tridecylbenzenes, sulfonates of naphthalenes and alkylnaphthalenes,
sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates. Examples of sulfates are
sulfates of fatty acids and oils, of ethoxylated alkylphenols, of
alcohols, of ethoxylated alcohols, or of fatty acid esters.
Examples of phosphates are phosphate esters. Examples of
carboxylates are alkyl carboxylates, and carboxylated alcohol or
alkylphenol ethoxylates.
[0211] Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylates, N-substituted
fatty acid amides, amine oxides, esters, sugar-based surfactants,
polymeric surfactants, and mixtures thereof. Examples of
alkoxylates are compounds such as alcohols, alkylphenols, amines,
amides, arylphenols, fatty acids or fatty acid esters which have
been alkoxylated with 1 to 50 equivalents. Ethylene oxide and/or
propylene oxide may be employed for the alkoxylation, preferably
ethylene oxide. Examples of N-substituted fatty acid amides are
fatty acid glucamides or fatty acid alkanolamides. Examples of
esters are fatty acid esters, glycerol esters or monoglycerides.
Examples of sugar-based surfactants are sorbitans, ethoxylated
sorbitans, sucrose and glucose esters or alkylpolyglucosides.
Examples of polymeric surfactants are home- or copolymers of
vinylpyrrolidone, vinylalcohols, or vinylacetate.
[0212] Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants,
for example quaternary ammonium compounds with one or two
hydrophobic groups, or salts of long-chain primary amines. Suitable
amphoteric surfactants are alkylbetains and imidazolines. Suitable
block polymers are block polymers of the A-B or A-B-A type
comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, or
of the A-B-C type comprising alkanol, polyethylene oxide and
polypropylene oxide. Suitable polyelectrolytes are polyacids or
polybases. Examples of polyacids are alkali salts of polyacrylic
acid or polyacid comb polymers. Examples of polybases are
polyvinylamines or polyethyleneamines.
[0213] Suitable adjuvants are compounds, which have a neglectable
or even no pesticidal activity themselves, and which improve the
biological performance of the compound I on the target. Examples
are surfactants, mineral or vegetable oils, and other auxilaries.
Further examples are listed by Knowles, Adjuvants and additives,
Agrow Reports DS256, T&F Informa UK, 2006, chapter 5.
[0214] Suitable thickeners are polysaccharides (e.g. xanthan gum,
carboxymethylcellulose), anorganic clays (organically modified or
unmodified), polycarboxylates, and silicates.
[0215] Suitable bactericides are bronopol and isothiazolinone
derivatives such as alkylisothiazolinones and
benzisothiazolinones.
[0216] Suitable anti-freezing agents are ethylene glycol, propylene
glycol, urea and glycerin.
[0217] Suitable anti-foaming agents are silicones, long chain
alcohols, and salts of fatty acids.
[0218] Suitable colorants (e.g. in red, blue, or green) are
pigments of low water solubility and water-soluble dyes. Examples
are [0219] inorganic colorants, such as iron oxide, titan oxide,
iron hexacyanoferrate, [0220] metal-complex dyes such as
chromium-complex dyes, for example Orasol Yellow 141, [0221]
organic colorants such as alizarin-, azo- and phthalocyanine
colorants.
[0222] Preferred colorants are metal-complex dyes, more preferably
chromium-complex dyes, for example Orasol Yellow 141.
[0223] Suitable tackifiers or binders are polyvinylpyrrolidones,
polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, biological or
synthetic waxes, and cellulose ethers.
[0224] Suitable preservatives include e.g. sodium benzoate, benzoic
acid, sorbic acid, and derivatives thereof.
[0225] Suitable antioxidants include sulfites, ascorbic acid,
tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, tocotrienol, melatonin, carotene,
beta-carotene, ubiquinol, and derivatives thereof. Tocophercol
acetate is preferred as antioxidant.
[0226] Suitable odorants include perfume materials which are for
example mentioned in U.S. Pat. No. 7,182,537, including
allo-ocimene, Allyl cyclohexanepropionate, Allyl heptanoate,
trans-Anethole, Benzyl butyrate, Camphene, Cadinene, Carvacrol,
cis-3-Hexenyl tiglate, Citronellol, Citronellyl acetate,
Citronellyl nitrile, Citronellyl propionate, Cyclohexylethyl
acetate, Decyl Aldehyde (Capraldehyde), Dihydromyrcenol,
Dihydromyrcenyl acetate, 3,7-Dimethyl-1-octanol, Diphenyloxide,
Fenchyl Acetate (1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-norbornanyl acetate), Geranyl
acetate, Geranyl formate, Geranyl nitrile, cis-3-Hexenyl
isobutyrate, Hexyl Neopentanoate, Hexyl tiglate, alpha-Ionone,
Ethyl Vanillin L80, Isoeugenol, Methyl cinnamate, Methyl
dihydrojasmonate, Methyl beta-naphthyl ketone, Phenoxy ethyl
isobutyrate, Vanillin L28, Isobornyl acetate, Isobutyl benzoate,
Isononyl acetate, Isononyl alcohol (3,5,5-Trimethyl-1-hexanol),
Isopulegyl acetate, Lauraldehyde, d-Limonene, Linalyl acetate,
(-)-L-Menthyl acetate, Methyl Chavicol (Estragole), Methyl n-nonyl
acetaldehyde, methyl octyl acetaldehyde, beta-Myrcene, Neryl
acetate, Nonyl acetate, Non-aldehyde, p-Cymene, alpha-Pinene,
beta-Pinene, alpha-Terpinene, gamma-Terpinene, alpha-Terpinyl
acetate, Tetrahydrolinalool, Tetrahydromyrcenol, 2-Undecenal,
Verdox (o-t-Butylcyclohexyl acetate), Vertenex
(4-tert,Butylcyclohexyl acetate). Citronellyl nitrile is preferred
as odorant.
[0227] According to one embodiment, individual components of the
compositions (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3) such as parts of a kit or parts of
a binary or ternary mixture may be mixed by the user himself in a
spray tank and further auxiliaries may be added, if
appropriate.
[0228] If present, the component (H) can be contained in varying
amounts in the composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3). If present, the
amount of (H) is preferably not more than 10 wt. %, more preferably
not more than 4 wt. %, most preferably not more than 2 wt. %,
particularly not more than 1 wt. %, for example not more than 0.5
wt. %, based on the total weight of the corresponding composition
(Q1), (Q2), or (Q3). If present, the amount of (H) is preferably at
least 0.0005 wt. %, more preferably at least 0.005 wt. %, most
preferably at least 0.025 wt. %, particularly at least 0.1 wt. %,
for example at least 0.4 wt. %, based on the total weight of the
corresponding composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3).
[0229] With respect to the composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3), the
weight ratio of the mixture (A) to the aromatic alcohol (B)--in
case of (Q2) or (Q3) only as far as (B) is present--is preferably
between 50:1 and 1:50, more preferably between 10:1 and 1:10, most
preferably between 5:1 and 1:5, particularly preferably between 3:1
and 1:3, particularly most preferably between 2:1 and 1:2,
particularly between 1:1 and 1:2, for example between 1:1.5 to
1:1.8.
[0230] With respect to the composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3), the
weight ratio of the mixture (A) to the amine (C)--in case of (Q1)
or (Q3) only as far as (C) is present--is preferably between 100:1
and 1:20, more preferably between 40:1 and 1:8, most preferably
between 30:1 and 1:6, particularly preferably between 20:1 and 1:5,
particularly most preferably between 10:1 and 1:2, particularly
between 5:1 and 1:1.2, for example between 2:1 to 1:1.
[0231] With respect to the composition (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3), the
weight ratio of the mixture (A) to the amide (D)--in case of (Q1)
or (Q2) only as far as (D) is present--is preferably between 50:1
and 1:50, more preferably between 10:1 and 1:10, most preferably
between 5:1 and 1:5, particularly preferably between 3:1 and 1:3,
particularly most preferably between 2.5:1 and 1:2, particularly
between 2:1 and 1:1, for example between 1.8:1 to 1.2:1.
[0232] According to the invention, a process for treating the soil
comprising applying the compositions (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3) into the
soil in-furrow and/or as side-dress and/or as broadcast was
found.
[0233] Preferably, said process comprises: applying the
compositions (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3) by spraying it onto the soil. More
preferably, said process are conducted in a way wherein the
compositions (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3) are--either at the same time (i.e.
simultaneously) or with a time difference (i.e.
separately)--applied together with at least one nitrogen-containing
fertilizer (F) into the soil in-furrow and/or as side-dress and/or
as broadcast.
[0234] According to the invention, the compositions (Q1), (Q2), or
(Q3) can be used as additive or as coating material for
nitrogen-containing fertilizers (F), particularly for
urea-containing fertilizer (F1), for example for urea. According to
one preferred embodiment, the compositions (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3) are
used as coating material for nitrogen-containing fertilizers (F),
particularly for urea-containing fertilizer (F1), for example for
urea. The nitrogen-containing fertilizer (F) cam be in crystalline,
granulated, compacted, prilled or ground form, and is preferably in
granulated from.
[0235] The compositions (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3) can be applied to or on
nitrogen-containing fertilizers (F) by either mixing the (Q1),
(Q2), or (Q3), in either liquid or solid form, with the
nitrogen-containing fertilizer (F), or incorporating them into (F)
by granulation, compacting or prilling, by addition to a
corresponding fertilizer mixture or to a mash or melt. Preferably,
the compositions (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3) are applied to the surface of
existing granules, compacts or prills of the nitrogen-containing
fertilizer (F)--particularly of the urea-containing fertilizer
(F1)--by means of spraying, powder application or impregnating, for
example. This can also be done using further auxiliaries such as
adhesive promoters or encasing materials. Examples of apparatuses
suitable for performing such application include plates, drums,
mixers or fluidized-bed apparatus, although application may also
take place on conveyor belts or their discharge points or by means
of pneumatic conveyors for solids. A concluding treatment with
anticaking agents and/or antidust agents is like-wise possible. The
compositions (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3) are used in the context of
fertilization with nitrogen-containing fertilizer (F), particularly
with urea-containing fertilizer (F1). Application takes place
preferably to an agriculturally or horticulturally exploited
plot.
[0236] In parallel with the improvement of the utilization of
nitrogen in the urea-containing, mineral and organic fertilizers,
the use of the compositions (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3) has the effect that
there is an Increase--in some cases considerably--in the yields or
production of biomass of crop plants.
[0237] The compositions (Q1), (Q2), or (Q3) may be added to organic
fertilizers, such as liquid manure, for example, during the actual
storage of such fertilizers, in order thus to prevent nitrogen
nutrient losses, by virtue of decelerated conversion of the
individual forms of nitrogen into gaseous nitrogen compounds, which
are therefore volatile, and in order as a result, at the same time,
to contribute to a lowering of the ammonia load in animal
stables.
[0238] In this context it is immaterial whether the compositions
(Q1), (Q2), (Q3) are incorporated, by melting, for example, into
the nitrogen-containing fertilizer (F), or else are applied to the
fertilizer surface or applied separately from the spreading of the
fertilizer, in the form, for example, of a (suspension)
concentrate, a solution or a formulation.
[0239] For the below examples and the below tables, the following
abbreviations have been used:
[0240] %=percent by weight (wt. %)
[0241] ad100=the percent by weight of this component is 100% minus
the sum of the weight percentages (in percent by weight) of all
other components comprised in the composition
[0242] BDA=Butyldiethanolamine
[0243] BZ=benzyl alcohol
[0244] (C)i=amine component (C)
[0245] (C)ii=additional amine component (C)
[0246] Coat.=coated on urea (all the data in the rows below the
"coated row" are experimental data after the composition has been
coated on urea)
[0247] colo.=colorant Orasol Yellow 141
[0248] conc.=concentration (e.g. amount) of NxPT in percent by
weight based on the total weight of the urea fertilizer on which
the composition was coated
[0249] Comp.=comparative example
[0250] DEI=Bis(hydroxyethyl)-isopropanolamine (DEIPA)
[0251] dev.=deviation, as an indicator for the stability after
coated on urea, calculated as difference between the NxPT content
in the heat stability test and the content in the cold stability
test--both after coated on urea--, indicated as percent
[0252] DMI=1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (Dimethylethylenurea)
[0253] DML=Dimethyllactamide
[0254] E15=ethoxylated (5) cocoalkylamine
[0255] E25=ethoxylated (15) cocoalkylamine
[0256] Ex #=Example no.
[0257] F.ex.=formulation example
[0258] HBI=1-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)propan-2-ol
(Hydroxyethyl-bis-isopropanolamin)
[0259] Inv.=Example of the invention
[0260] LES=2-propylheptylamine ethoxylate (10 EO)
[0261] LFG=polyethyleneimine with a weight average molecular weight
of 800 g/mol as measured by GPC (dry substance, at pH 4.5)
[0262] LGA=polyethyleneimine with a weight average molecular weight
of 1300 g/mol as measured by GPC (dry substance, at pH 4.5)
[0263] LL=technical mixture (with a 85.20% concentration of NxPT)
containing 23.8% NPPT and 76.2% NBPT
[0264] LPN=N,N',N''-tris(dimethylaminopropyl)hexahydrotriazine
[0265] LT=technical mixture (with a 84.27% concentration of NxPT
based on the total amount of the technical mixture) containing
23.7% NPPT and 76.3% NBPT, based on the total amount of NxPT within
the technical mixture
[0266] HCM=Mixture of N,N-Dimethyloctanamide (50-65%) and
N,N-Dimethyldecanamide (37 -50%)
[0267] MDA=Methyldiethanolamine
[0268] MPA=n-Acetyl-morpholine
[0269] MPF=n-Formyl-morpholine
[0270] NB/c=Content (percent by weight) of NBPT in cold stability
test (2 weeks at 5.degree. C.)
[0271] NP/c=Content (percent by weight) of NPPT in cold stability
test (2 weeks at 5.degree. C.)
[0272] Nx/c=Content (Percent by weight) of NxPT in cold stability
test (2 weeks at 5.degree. C.)
[0273] NB/h=Content (Percent by weight) of NBPT in heat stability
test (2 weeks at 54.degree. C.)
[0274] NP/h=Content (Percent by weight) of NPPT in heat stability
test (2 weeks at 54.degree. C.)
[0275] Nx/h=Content (Percent by weight) of NxPT in heat stability
test (2 weeks at 54.degree. C.)
[0276] NB/a=Content (Percent by weight) of NBPT in cold stability
test (2 weeks at 5.degree. C.) after coated on urea
[0277] NP/a=Content (Percent by weight) of NPPT in cold stability
test (2 weeks at 5.degree. C.) after coated on urea
[0278] Nx/a=Content (Percent by weight) of NxPT in cold stability
test (2 weeks at 5.degree. C.) after coated on urea
[0279] NB/b=Percent by weight of NBPT in heat stability test (4
weeks at 40.degree. C. and 50% air humidity) after coated on
urea
[0280] NP/b=Percent by weight of NPPT in heat stability test (4
weeks at 40.degree. C. and 50% air humidity) after coated on
urea
[0281] Nx/b=Percent by weight of NxPT in heat stability test (4
weeks at 40.degree. C. and 50% air humidity) after coated on
urea
[0282] NxPT=Mixture (A) comprising NBPT and NPPT (the content of
NxPT is the sum of the content of NBPT and NPPT)
[0283] NyPT=Mixture (A) comprising NBPT and/or NPPT
[0284] NMM=N-methyl-morpholine
[0285] NMP=N-methyl-pyrrolidinone
[0286] PEI=polyethyleneimine
[0287] PG=propylene glycol
[0288] pH=pH value measured at 2% concentration
[0289] SEA=is N-[2-(acetyloxy)ethyl]-N-methyl acetamide
[0290] stabi.=storage stability of NxPT, calculated as difference
between the NxPT content in the heat stability test and the content
in the cold stability test, indicated as percent
[0291] TEA=triethanolamine
[0292] TPA=tocopherol acetate
[0293] visc.=viscosity in mPas
[0294] The following compositions as listed in Table 1 are
preferred embodiments of the present invention.
[0295] For the preferred embodiments PE1 to PE161, the following
abbreviations are used in addition to the abbreviations listed
above:
[0296] (C1) is a polymeric polyamine;
[0297] (C2) is an amine containing not more than one amino group
and at least three alkoxy- or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to
C.sub.12 alkyl groups R.sup.21, wherein at least one of the groups
R.sup.21 is different to the other groups R.sup.21;
[0298] (C3) is an amine containing not more than one amino group
and at least two alkoxy- or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12
alkyl groups R.sup.22, wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.22
bears the alkoxy or hydroxy substituent at a secondary or tertiary
carbon atom and wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.22 is
different to the other group(s) R.sup.22;
[0299] (C4) is an amine containing at least one saturated or
unsaturated C.sub.8 to C.sub.40 alkyl group R.sup.23, and
[0300] (C5) is a saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic amine which
contains at least one oxygen atom as ring atom and which does not
contain a further alkoxy group.
[0301] (D1) is an amide according to the general formula (III)
R.sup.31CO--NR.sup.32R.sup.33 [0302] wherein [0303] R.sup.31CO is a
hydroxysubstituted acyl radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; [0304]
R.sup.32 is H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, and [0305] R.sup.33 is H
or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl.
[0306] (D2) is an amide according to the general formula (III)
R.sup.31CO--NR.sup.32R.sup.33 [0307] wherein [0308] R.sup.31CO is a
is an acyl radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms which do not contain
a hydroxyl group; [0309] R.sup.32 is H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl,
and [0310] R.sup.33 is H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl.
[0311] (D3) is an amide according to the general formula (III)
R.sup.31CO--NR.sup.32R.sup.33 [0312] wherein [0313] R.sup.31CO is
an acyl radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; [0314] R.sup.32 and
R.sup.33 together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a
6-membered saturated heterocyclic radical which comprises one
further oxygen heteroatom.
[0315] (D4) is an amide according to the general formula (III)
R.sup.31CO--NR.sup.32R.sup.33 [0316] wherein [0317] R.sup.31CO is
an acyl radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; [0318] R.sup.32 and
R.sup.33 together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a
5-membered saturated heterocyclic radical which comprises one
further nitrogen heteroatom.
[0319] (D5) is an amide according to the general formula (III
R.sup.31CO--NR.sup.32R.sup.33 [0320] wherein [0321] R.sup.31CO is
an acyl radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; [0322] R.sup.32 is an
acyloxy substituted alkyl group, and [0323] R.sup.33 is H or
alkyl.
TABLE-US-00001 [0323] TABLE 1 PE# (A) (B) (C)i (C)ii (D) (E) (K)
(H) 1 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ 2 NyPT DMI 3 NyPT (D4) 4 NyPT HCM 5 NyPT
(D2) 6 NyPT SEA 7 NyPT (D5) 8 NyPT DML 9 NyPT (D1) 10 NyPT MPA 11
NyPT MPF 12 NyPT (D3) 13 NyPT LES 14 NyPT (C4) 15 NyPT PEI 16 NyPT
(C1) 17 NyPT NMM 18 NyPT (C5) 19 NyPT LES SEA 20 NyPT (C4) (D5) 21
NyPT PEI SEA 22 NyPT (C1) (D5) 23 NyPT SEA TEA 24 NyPT (D5) (K2) 25
NyPT NMM SEA 26 NyPT (C5) (D5) 27 NyPT LES DML 28 NyPT (C4) (D1) 29
NyPT PEI DML 30 NyPT (C1) (D1) 31 NyPT DML TEA 32 NyPT (D1) (K2) 33
NyPT LES PEI DML 34 NyPT (C4) (C1) (D1) 35 NyPT LES NMM DML 36 NyPT
(C4) (C5) (D1) 37 NyPT LES HCM 38 NyPT (C4) (D2) 39 NyPT PEI HCM 40
NyPT (C1) (D2) 41 NyPT HCM TEA 42 NyPT (D2) (K2) 43 NyPT NMM HCM 44
NyPT (C5) (D2) 45 NyPT NMM DML 46 NyPT (C5) (D1) 47 NyPT LES DML
TEA 48 NyPT (C4) (D1) (K2) 49 NyPT LES DML BDA 50 NyPT (C4) (D1)
(K3) 51 NyPT LES DML MDA 52 NyPT (C4) (D1) (K3) 53 NyPT PEI LES 54
NyPT (C1) (C4) 55 NyPT LES PEI HCM 56 NyPT (C4) (C1) (D2) 57 NyPT
.gtoreq.10% BZ PG 58 NyPT DMI PG 59 NyPT (D4) PG 60 NyPT HCM PG 61
NyPT (D2) PG 62 NyPT SEA PG 63 NyPT (D5) PG 64 NyPT DML PG 65 NyPT
(D1) PG 66 NyPT MPA PG 67 NyPT MPF PG 68 NyPT (D3) PG 69 NyPT LES
PG 70 NyPT (C4) PG 71 NyPT PEI PG 72 NyPT (C1) PG 73 NyPT NMM PG 74
NyPT (C5) PG 75 NyPT LES SEA PG 76 NyPT (C4) (D5) PG 77 NyPT PEI
SEA PG 78 NyPT (C1) (D5) PG 79 NyPT SEA PG TEA 80 NyPT (D5) PG (K2)
81 NyPT NMM SEA PG 82 NyPT (C5) (D5) PG 83 NyPT LES DML PG 84 NyPT
(C4) (D1) PG 85 NyPT PEI DML PG 86 NyPT (C1) (D1) PG 87 NyPT DML PG
TEA 88 NyPT (D1) PG (K2) 89 NyPT LES PEI DML PG 90 NyPT (C4) (C1)
(D1) PG 91 NyPT LES NMM DML PG 92 NyPT (C4) (C5) (D1) PG 93 NyPT
LES HCM PG 94 NyPT (C4) (D2) PG 95 NyPT PEI HCM PG 96 NyPT (C1)
(D2) PG 97 NyPT HCM PG TEA 98 NyPT (D2) PG (K2) 99 NyPT NMM HCM PG
100 NyPT (C5) (D2) PG 101 NyPT NMM DML PG 102 NyPT (C5) (D1) PG 103
NyPT LES DML PG TEA 104 NyPT (C4) (D1) PG (K2) 105 NyPT LES DML PG
BDA 106 NyPT (C4) (D1) PG (K3) 107 NyPT LES DML PG MDA 108 NyPT
(C4) (D1) PG (K3) 109 NyPT PEI LES PG 110 NyPT (C1) (C4) PG 111
NyPT LES PEI HCM PG 112 NyPT (C4) (C1) (D2) PG 113 NyPT .gtoreq.10%
BZ LPN 114 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ (K1) 115 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ DMI 116
NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ (D4) 117 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ HCM 118 NyPT
.gtoreq.10% BZ (D2) 119 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ SEA 120 NyPT
.gtoreq.10% BZ (D5) 121 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ DML 122 NyPT
.gtoreq.10% BZ (D1) 123 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ MPA 124 NyPT
.gtoreq.10% BZ MPF 125 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ (D3) 126 127 NyPT
.gtoreq.10% BZ LES 128 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ (C4) 129 NyPT
.gtoreq.10% BZ PEI 130 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ (C1) 131 NyPT
.gtoreq.10% BZ NMM 132 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ (C5) 133 NyPT
.gtoreq.10% BZ LES (D5) 135 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ PEI SEA 136 NyPT
.gtoreq.10% BZ (C1) (D5) 137 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ SEA TEA 138 NyPT
.gtoreq.10% BZ (D5) (K2) 139 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ NMM SEA 140 NyPT
.gtoreq.10% BZ (C5) (D5) 141 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ LES DML 142 NyPT
.gtoreq.10% BZ (C4) (D1) 143 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ PEI DML 144 NyPT
.gtoreq.10% BZ (C1) (D1) 145 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ DML TEA 146 NyPT
.gtoreq.10% BZ (D1) (K2) 147 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ LES PEI DML 148
NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ (C4) (C1) (D1) 149 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ LES NMM
DML 150 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ (C4) (C5) (D1) 151 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ
LES HCM 152 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ (C4) (D2) 153 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ
PEI HCM 154 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ (C1) (D2) 155 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ
HCM TEA 156 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ (D2) (K2) 157 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ
NMM HCM 158 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ (C5) (D2) 159 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ
NMM DML 160 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ (C5) (D1) 161 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ
LES DML TEA 162 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ (C4) (D1) (K2) 163 NyPT
.gtoreq.10% BZ LES DML BDA 164 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ (C4) (D1) (K3)
165 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ LES DML MDA 166 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ (C4)
(D1) (K3) 167 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ PEI LES 168 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ
(C1) (C4) 169 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ LES PEI HCM 147 NyPT .gtoreq.10%
BZ (C4) (C1) (D2) 148 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ DEI 149 NyPT .gtoreq.10%
BZ HBI 150 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ (C2) 151 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ E15 152
NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ E25 153 NyPT .gtoreq.10% BZ (C4) 154 NyPT
.gtoreq.10% BZ (C3) 155 NyPT DEI PG 156 NyPT HBI PG 157 NyPT (C2)
PG 158 NyPT E15 PG 159 NyPT E25 PG 160 NyPT (C4) PG 161 NyPT (C3)
PG
[0324] The advantages of the invention are that the enhancement of
the stability of the (thio)phosphoric acid
triamide(s)--particularly when applied to or coated on
nitrogen-containing fertilizers such as urea--and a relatively long
storage life--particularly before being applied to or coated on
nitrogen-containing fertilizers--was achieved with the compositions
(Q1), (Q2), (Q3). Moreover, the compositions (Q1), (Q2), (Q3) do
not adversely affect the urease-inhibiting effect and/or activity
of the (thio)phosphoric acid triamide. Last, but not least, the
compositions (Q1), (Q2), (Q3) can be easily and safely packaged,
transported and shipped, even in large quantities, and can be
easily and safely handled and applied for soil treatment, even in
large quantities
[0325] The examples which follow illustrate the invention without
restricting it.
PREPARATION OF THE FORMULATIONS
Preparation of the Formulation
[0326] According to the ratios and components as specified in Table
2, all components were mixed, and the resulting mixture was stirred
until complete dissolution of the solid and analyzed for the
content of NBPT, NPPT, NxPT (by HPLC), viscosity, dissolution (2%)
in water and pH. For example, in case of Ex. #310092, the technical
mixture LT (25% pure NxPT) was mixed with 50.08% benzyl alcohole
and 10% LFG, 10% DML and 0.25% colo. The mixture was stirred until
complete dissolution of the solid and analyzed for NxPT content (by
HPLC), viscosity, dissolution (2%) in water and pH.
Formulation Storage Stability
[0327] The mixture of each example (e.g. Ex. #310092) was stored in
closed bottles for 14 days at 54.degree. C. (referred to as heat
stability test in the following) and then analyzed for the content
of NxPT. The mixture of each example (e.g. Ex. #310092) was also
stored in closed bottles for 14 days at 5.degree. C. (referred to
as cold stability test in the following) and then analyzed for the
content of NxPT. The storage stability in % was calculated as
difference between the content in the heat stability test and the
content in the cold stability test.
Coating of Urea
Example 1.1
[0328] 500 g granulated urea was charged to a rotating drum (Type
Hege 11) and 2 g of the formulation of each example (e.g. Ex.
#310092) was sprayed on the urea using a rotating disc. The
homogeneous coated urea was discharged after 1 min and analyzed for
the content of NBPT, NPPT, NxPT (by HPLC).
Stability on Urea
[0329] The coated urea sample of 300 g was stored in a petri dish
for 4 weeks at 50% humidity in a climate chamber. For analysis the
sample was homogenized and analyzed for the content of NBPT, NPPT,
NxPT (by HPLC)
[0330] The content of NxPT measured by HPLC measurement is always
the sum of the both components NBPT and NBPT.
[0331] Viscosity was measured at the undiluted formulation with a
cone-plate rheometer AR 2000ex (TA Instruments) at shear rate of
100s.sup.-1 and 20.degree. C.
[0332] The pH value was measured at 2% concentration in CIPAC water
D.
[0333] All examples of the inventions are liquid, clear
compositions which are either colourless or yellow.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Examples of the compositions of the
invention and of comparative compositions, and data on their
viscosity, pH value, storage stability and stability after coated
on urea Inv. Inv. Inv. Inv. Inv. Inv. Inv. Inv. part 1 of 11 Ex#
310007 310008 310010 310011 310012 310013 310014 310015 (A) 29.67%
LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT
29.67% LT PG ad100 ad100 ad100 ad100 ad100 ad100 ad100 ad100 BZ 20%
(C)i 20% LES (C)ii (D) 20% DMI 20% HCM 20% SEA 20% DML 20% MPA 20%
MPF other colo. visc. 39 37 47 50 49 51 44 100 pH 8.2 8.1 8.4 7.5
8.1 8.2 8.2 9.6 NB/c 18.95% 19.20% 19.08% 18.81% 18.89% 19.05%
18.68% 19.01% NP/c 5.82% 5.92% 5.85% 5.84% 5.75% 5.83% 5.72% 5.82%
Nx/c 24.77% 25.12% 24.93% 24.65% 24.64% 24.88% 24.40% 24.83% NB/h
18.32% 18.86% 18.63% 18.57% 18.65% 18.68% 18.08% 18.51% NP/h 5.77%
5.92% 5.85% 5.91% 5.81% 5.84% 5.63% 5.77% Nx/h 24.09% 24.78% 24.48%
24.48% 24.46% 24.52% 23.71% 24.28% stabi. 97.25% 98.67% 98.20%
99.29% 99.27% 98.58% 97.14% 97.80% Coat. conc. NB/a NP/a Nx/a NB/b
NP/b Nx/b dev. part 2 of 11 Ex# 310016 310017 310021 310024 310025
310026 310027 310028 (A) 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT
29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT PG ad100 ad100 ad100 ad100
ad100 ad100 ad100 ad100 BZ (C)i 20% LFG 20% LGA 20% NMM 10% LES 10%
LFG 10% LGA 10% TEA 10% NMM (C)ii (D) 10% SEA 10% SEA 10% SEA 10%
SEA 10% SEA other colo. visc. 423 598 39 46 167 173 71 46 pH 10.7
10.6 9.4 9.3 10.3 10.2 9.2 9.1 NB/c 18.99% 19.06% 18.93% 18.85%
18.72% 18.71% 18.84% 18.73% NP/c 5.83% 5.86% 5.79% 5.97% 5.90%
5.92% 6.13% 6.04% Nx/c 24.82% 24.92% 24.72% 24.82% 24.62% 24.63%
24.97% 24.77% NB/h 18.50% 18.25% 18.80% 18.58% 18.59% 18.80% 18.27%
18.73% NP/h 5.78% 5.70% 6.06% 5.89% 5.87% 5.94% 5.92% 5.96% Nx/h
24.28% 23.95% 24.86% 24.47% 24.46% 24.74% 24.19% 24.69% stabi.
97.81% 96.10% 100.54% 98.59% 99.36% 100.45% 96.88% 99.70% Coat.
conc. NB/a NP/a Nx/a NB/b NP/b Nx/b dev. part 3 of 11 Ex# 310029
310031 310032 310034 310035 310036 310037 310039 (A) 29.67% LT
29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67%
LT PG ad100 ad100 ad100 ad100 ad100 ad100 ad100 ad100 BZ (C)i 10%
LES 10% LGA 10% TEA 10% LES 10% LES 10% LES 10% LES 10% LGA (C)ii
10% LFG 10% LGA 10% NMM (D) 10% DML 10% DML 10% DML 10% DML 10% DML
10% DML 10% HCM 10% HCM other colo. visc. 67 161 71 179 211 55 60
167 pH 9.4 10.4 9.3 10.5 10.4 9.4 9.4 10.4 NB/c 18.79% 19.06%
19.03% 18.51% 18.71% 18.98% 18.96% 18.84% NP/c 5.80% 5.90% 5.88%
5.73% 5.76% 6.08% 5.88% 5.83% Nx/c 24.59% 24.96% 24.91% 24.24%
24.47% 25.06% 24.84% 24.67% NB/h 18.87% 18.98% 18.71% 18.62% 18.74%
18.98% 18.93% 18.79% NP/h 5.83% 5.86% 5.80% 5.76% 5.79% 6.03% 5.87%
5.82% Nx/h 24.70% 24.84% 24.51% 24.38% 24.53% 25.01% 24.80% 24.61%
stabi. 100.46% 99.52% 98.37% 100.60% 100.22% 99.80% 99.83% 99.73%
Coat. conc. NB/a NP/a Nx/a NB/b NP/b Nx/b dev. part 4 of 11 Ex#
310040 310041 310044 310045 310046 310047 310048 310049 (A) 29.67%
LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT
29.67% LT PG ad100 ad100 ad100 ad100 ad100 ad100 ad100 ad100 BZ
(C)i 10% TEA 10% NMM 1% LFG 3% LFG 10% LFG (C)ii (D) 10% HCM 10%
HCM 20% HCM 20% SEA 20% DML 20% DML 20% DML 20% DML other colo.
0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% visc. 72 46 53 53 51 58 71 144
pH 9.4 9.3 8.8 7.9 8.5 9.6 10.1 10.5 NB/c 18.83% 18.64% 18.48%
18.77% 18.70% 18.61% 18.62% 18.62% NP/c 5.78% 6.10% 5.79% 5.90%
5.80% 5.81% 5.81% 5.78% Nx/c 24.61% 24.74% 24.27% 24.67% 24.50%
24.42% 24.43% 24.40% NB/h 18.54% 18.78% 18.50% 18.46% 18.67% 18.75%
18.67% 18.67% NP/h 5.75% 5.95% 5.79% 5.82% 5.78% 5.83% 5.82% 5.80%
Nx/h 24.29% 24.73% 24.29% 24.28% 24.45% 24.58% 24.49% 24.47% stabi.
98.70% 100.00% 100.08% 98.43% 99.80% 100.65% 100.26% 100.30% Coat.
conc. 0.10% 0.09% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% NB/a 0.057% 0.060% 0.064%
0.063% 0.065% 0.067% NP/a 0.017% 0.019% 0.020% 0.019% 0.020% 0.021%
Nx/a 0.074% 0.079% 0.084% 0.082% 0.085% 0.088% NB/b 0.004% 0.008%
0.010% 0.011% 0.024% 0.054% NP/b 0.002% 0.003% 0.004% 0.004% 0.008%
0.017% Nx/b 0.006% 0.011% 0.014% 0.015% 0.032% 0.071% dev. -91.89%
-86.08% -83.33% -81.71% -62.35% -19.32% part 5 of 11 Ex# 310050
310051 310052 310053 310059 310060 310061 310062 (A) 29.67% LT
29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67%
LT PG ad100 ad100 ad100 ad100 50.33% 55.33% 50.33% 50.33% BZ (C)i
1% NMM 3% NMM 10% NMM 20% NMM 10% LES 5% LES 5% NMM 5% TEA (C)ii 5%
LES 5% LES (D) 20% DML 20% DML 20% DML 20% DML 10% DML 10% DML 10%
DML 10% DML other colo. 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25%
0.25% visc. 55 51 48 43 73 66 62 76 pH 8.7 8.9 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.2 9.3
9.4 NB/c 19.13% 18.87% 18.59% 20.40% 19.00% 19.10% 19.05% 18.95%
NP/c 5.93% 5.88% 5.86% 6.42% 6.01% 6.04% 6.04% 5.93% Nx/c 25.06%
24.75% 24.45% 26.82% 25.01% 25.14% 25.09% 24.88% NB/h 19.05% 19.00%
19.26% 21.64% 19.17% 19.10% 19.30% 18.94% NP/h 5.92% 5.88% 5.93%
6.90% 6.02% 5.99% 6.04% 5.93% Nx/h 24.97% 24.88% 25.19% 28.54%
25.19% 25.09% 25.34% 24.87% stabi. 99.64% 100.53% 103.05% 106.40%
100.74% 99.81% 101.02% 99.98% Coat. conc. 0.10% 0.10% 0.09% 0.10%
0.10% 0.09% 0.10% 0.10% NB/a 0.067% 0.062% 0.061% 0.048% 0.068%
0.065% 0.065% 0.066% NP/a 0.021% 0.019% 0.019% 0.015% 0.021% 0.020%
0.020% 0.020% Nx/a 0.088% 0.081% 0.080% 0.063% 0.089% 0.085% 0.085%
0.086% NB/b 0.011% 0.009% 0.009% 0.010% 0.012% 0.011% 0.008% 0.037%
NP/b 0.004% 0.003% 0.003% 0.003% 0.002% 0.002% 0.001% 0.007% Nx/b
0.015% 0.012% 0.012% 0.013% 0.014% 0.013% 0.009% 0.044% dev.
-82.95% -85.19% -85.00% -79.37% -84.27% -84.71% -89.41% -48.84%
part 6 of 11 Ex# 310063 310064 310065 310066 310077 310078 310079
310080 (A) 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67%
LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT PG 50.33% 50.33% 53.33% 48.33% 60.08% 55.08%
50.08% 60.08% BZ (C)i 5% LES 5% LES 2% LFG 2% LFG 10% LFG 15% LFG
20% LFG 8% LFG (C)ii 5% LES 5% LES 2% LES (D) 10% DML 10% DML 10%
DML 10% DML other 5% BDA 5% MDA colo. 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25%
0.25% 0.25% 0.25% visc. 69 71 83 72 175 286 486 153 pH 9.8 9.7 10.0
9.9 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.4 NB/c 18.86% 18.78% 18.84% 18.97% 19.12%
19.18% 19.15% 19.15% N P/c 5.96% 5.93% 5.96% 6.03% 6.17% 6.19%
6.19% 6.22% Nx/c 24.82% 24.71% 24.80% 25.00% 25.29% 25.37% 25.34%
25.37% NB/h 18.83% 18.93% 18.79% 19.16% 19.02% 19.13% 18.99% 18.98%
N P/h 5.92% 5.96% 5.91% 6.01% 6.07% 6.07% 6.06% 5.98% Nx/h 24.75%
24.89% 24.70% 25.17% 25.09% 25.20% 25.05% 24.96% stabi. 99.70%
100.72% 99.61% 100.66% 99.24% 99.33% 98.84% 98.38% Coat. conc.
0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.08% 0.08% 0.08% 0.08% Target Target
Target Target N B/a 0.063% 0.068% 0.068% 0.067% 0.056% 0.058%
0.058% 0.054% NP/a 0.019% 0.021% 0.021% 0.021% 0.018% 0.019% 0.019%
0.018% Nx/a 0.082% 0.089% 0.089% 0.088% 0.074% 0.077% 0.077% 0.072%
NB/b 0.038% 0.040% 0.017% 0.017% 0.048% 0.053% 0.048% 0.041% NP/b
0.008% 0.008% 0.003% 0.003% 0.014% 0.016% 0.014% 0.011% Nx/b 0.046%
0.048% 0.020% 0.020% 0.062% 0.069% 0.062% 0.052% dev. -43.90%
-46.07% -77.53% -77.27% -16.22% -10.39% -19.48% -27.78% part 7 of
11 Ex# 310081 310082 310083 310084 310086 310087 310073 310088 (A)
29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67%
LT 29.67% LT PG 50.08% 50.08% 50.08% 50.08% 49.08% 47.08% BZ 70.33%
60.08% (C)i 10% LFG 10% LFG 8% LFG 8% LFG 8% LFG 8% LFG 10% LFG
(C)ii 2% LES 2% LES 2% LES 2% LES (D) 10% DML 10% HCM 10% DML 10%
HCM 10% DML 10% DML other 1% TPA 3% TPA colo. 0.25% 0.25% 0.25%
0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% visc. 152 156 127 127 129 140 11 34 pH 10.5
10.5 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.4 8.5 10.6 NB/c 19.11% 19.23% 19.45% 19.66%
19.22% 18.91% 19.21% 19.17% NP/c 6.16% 6.23% 6.24% 6.33% 6.16%
6.07% 6.23% 6.19% Nx/c 25.27% 25.46% 25.69% 25.99% 25.38% 24.98%
25.44% 25.36% NB/h 19.03% 19.11% 19.34% 19.26% 19.48% 19.57% 18.28%
19.00% NP/h 5.96% 6.01% 6.08% 6.06% 6.10% 5.97% 5.93% 6.13% Nx/h
24.99% 25.12% 25.42% 25.32% 25.58% 25.54% 24.21% 25.13% stabi.
98.90% 98.66% 98.94% 97.44% 100.78% 102.24% -4.85% -0.91% Coat.
conc. 0.08% 0.08% 0.08% 0.08% 0.08% 0.08% 0.08% Target Target
Target Target Target Target Target NB/a 0.057% 0.055% 0.057% 0.053%
0.056% 0.057% 0.060% NP/a 0.019% 0.018% 0.018% 0.017% 0.018% 0.019%
0.019% Nx/a 0.076% 0.073% 0.075% 0.070% 0.074% 0.076% 0.079% NB/b
0.040% 0.044% 0.042% 0.045% 0.040% 0.038% 0.049% NP/b 0.011% 0.012%
0.011% 0.013% 0.011% 0.010% 0.014% Nx/b 0.051% 0.056% 0.053% 0.058%
0.051% 0.048% 0.063% dev. -32.9% -23.3% -29.3% -17.1% -31.1% -36.8%
-20.25% part 8 of 11 Ex# 310089 310090 310091 310092 310093 310094
310095 310096 (A) 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT 29.67% LT
29.67% LT 29.67% LT
29.67% LT PG BZ 55.08% 50.08% 60.08% 50.08% 50.08% 50.08% 50.08%
55.08% (C)i 15% LFG 20% LFG 8% LFG 10% LFG 10% LFG 8% LFG 8% LFG
(C)ii 2% LES 2% LES 2% LES (D) 10% DML 10% HCM 10% DML 10% HCM
other 15% LPN colo. 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25%
visc. 70 121 32 42 40 34 34 35 pH 10.6 10.7 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.4
10.5 11.4 NB/c 19.33% 19.08% 19.25% 19.11% 19.00% 19.12% 19.68%
17.77% NP/c 6.23% 6.15% 6.20% 6.17% 6.16% 6.14% 6.33% 5.73% Nx/c
25.56% 25.23% 25.45% 25.28% 25.16% 25.26% 26.01% 23.50% NB/h 18.95%
19.07% 19.02% 18.97% 18.86% 19.08% 19.34% 15.60% N P/h 6.15% 6.18%
6.14% 6.07% 6.08% 6.14% 6.24% 4.92% Nx/h 25.10% 25.25% 25.16%
25.04% 24.94% 25.22% 25.58% 20.52% stabi. -1.82% 0.09% -1.15%
-0.97% -0.89% -0.15% -1.65% -12.68% Coat. conc. 0.08% 0.08% 0.08%
0.08% 0.08% 0.08% 0.08% 0.08% Target Target Target Target Target
Target Target Target NB/a 0.061% 0.058% 0.061% 0.057% 0.059% 0.062%
0.065% 0.059% NP/a 0.019% 0.018% 0.019% 0.018% 0.018% 0.019% 0.020%
0.019% Nx/a 0.080% 0.076% 0.080% 0.075% 0.077% 0.081% 0.085% 0.078%
NB/b 0.052% 0.051% 0.046% 0.049% 0.050% 0.051% 0.048% 0.050% NP/b
0.016% 0.016% 0.013% 0.014% 0.015% 0.015% 0.014% 0.015% Nx/b 0.068%
0.067% 0.059% 0.063% 0.065% 0.066% 0.062% 0.065% dev. -15.00%
-11.84% -26.25% -16.00% -15.58% -18.52% -27.06% -16.67% part 9 of
11 Ex# 310104 310105 310106 310108 310109 310110 310111 (A) 29.67%
LT 29.67% LT 25% NBPT 29.34% LL 29.34% LL 29.34% LL 29.34% LL PG BZ
50.08% 40.08% 54.75% 50.41% 40.41% 60.41% 60.41% (C)i 20% LFG 30%
LFG 20% LFG 20% LFG 30% LFG 10% DEI 10% HBI (C)ii (D) other colo.
0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% visc. 132 345 94 115 314
18 18 pH 10.5 10.6 10.7 12.3 9.1 8.7 9.1 NB/c 18.56% 18.62% 25.17%
19.79% 19.72% 19.32% 19.78% NP/c 5.82% 5.89% 0.00% 6.19% 6.19%
6.06% 6.12% Nx/c 24.38% 24.51% 25.17% 25.98% 25.91% 25.38% 25.90%
NB/h 18.70% 19.01% 25.59% 19.90% 19.90% 19.41% 19.40% NP/h 5.95%
5.94% 0.00% 6.21% 6.18% 6.16% 5.88% Nx/h 24.65% 24.95% 25.59%
26.11% 26.08% 25.57% 25.28% stabi. 1.11% 1.80% 1.67% 0.50% 0.66%
0.75% -2.39% Coat. conc. 0.08% 0.08% 0.08% 0.08% 0.08% 0.08% 0.08%
Target Target Target Target Target Target Target NB/a 0.058% 0.057%
0.077% 0.060% 0.059% 0.063% 0.065% NP/a 0.019% 0.019% 0.000% 0.019%
0.019% 0.019% 0.020% Nx/a 0.077% 0.076% 0.077% 0.079% 0.078% 0.082%
0.085% NB/b NP/b Nx/b dev. part 10 of 11 Ex# 310112 310113 310114
310115 310116 310117 310118 310119 (A) 29.34% LL 29.34% LL 29.34%
LL 29.34% LL 29.34% LL 29.34% LL 29.34% LL 29.34% LL PG 60.41%
60.41% BZ 60.41% 60.41% 40.41% 40.41% 50.41% 50.41% (C)i 10% E15
10% E25 30% E15 30% E25 20% DEI 10% HBI 10% DEI 10% HBI (C)ii (D)
other colo. 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% visc.
17 20 42 63 30 31 78 80 pH 8.9 9.3 9.1 9.1 9.0 9.1 8.9 9.1 NB/c
19.66% 19.85% 19.65% 19.73% 19.69% 19.83% 19.67% 19.83% NP/c 6.16%
6.20% 6.16% 6.20% 6.98% 6.04% 6.09% 6.14% Nx/c 25.82% 26.05% 25.81%
25.93% 26.67% 25.87% 25.76% 25.97% NB/h 19.50% 19.65% 19.55% 19.68%
19.53% 19.61% 19.32% 19.76% NP/h 6.40% 6.39% 6.00% 6.11% 6.70%
5.94% 6.05% 6.20% Nx/h 25.90% 26.04% 25.55% 25.79% 26.23% 25.55%
25.37% 25.96% stabi. 0.31% -0.04% -1.01% -0.54% -1.65% -1.24%
-1.51% -0.04% Coat. conc. 0.08% 0.08% 0.08% 0.08% 0.08% 0.08% 0.08%
0.08% Target Target Target Target Target Target Target Target NB/a
0.064% 0.062% 0.060% 0.059% 0.059% 0.058% 0.056% 0.064% NP/a 0.020%
0.019% 0.019% 0.018% 0.018% 0.018% 0.017% 0.020% Nx/a 0.084% 0.081%
0.079% 0.077% 0.077% 0.076% 0.073% 0.084% NB/b NP/b Nx/b dev. NMP
(at least in amounts as applied in Ex# 310043) is toxicologically
objectionable. part 11 of 11 Ex# 310120 310121 310122 310123 310022
310043 310085 (A) 29.34% LL 29.34% LL 29.34% LL 29.34% LL 29.67% LT
29.67% LT 29.67% LT PG 60.41% 60.41% 40.41% 40.41% ad100 ad100
55.08% BZ (C)i 10% E15 10% E25 30% E15 30% E25 (C)ii (D) other 20%
LPN 20% NMP 15% LPN colo. 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% visc.
75 81 114 140 181 36 141 pH 9.1 9.3 9.3 9.3 11.2 8.5 11.3 NB/c
20.05% 19.70% 20.04% 19.70% 18.39% 18.68% 18.12% NP/c 6.25% 6.14%
6.25% 6.13% 5.71% 5.86% 5.83% Nx/c 26.30% 25.84% 26.29% 25.83%
24.10% 24.54% 23.95% NB/h 20.07% 19.77% 19.82% 19.39% 15.67% 18.52%
16.38% NP/h 6.28% 6.18% 6.18% 6.09% 4.91% 5.81% 5.21% Nx/h 26.35%
25.95% 26.00% 25.48% 20.58% 24.33% 21.59% stabi. 0.19% 0.43% -1.10%
-1.36% 85.41% 99.16% 90.11% Coat. conc. 0.08% 0.08% 0.08% 0.08%
0.10% 0.08% Target Target Target Target Target NB/a 0.063% 0.062%
0.062% 0.062% 0.064% 0.053% NP/a 0.020% 0.019% 0.019% 0.019% 0.019%
0.016% Nx/a 0.083% 0.081% 0.081% 0.081% 0.083% 0.069% NB/b 0.005%
0.039% NP/b 0.002% 0.010% Nx/b 0.007% 0.049% dev. -91.57%
-29.0%
[0334] Further specific embodiments of the invention are described
in the following:
[0335] 1. An composition comprising: [0336] (A) a mixture
comprising at least one (thio)phosphoric acid triamide according to
the general formula (I)
[0336] R.sup.1R.sup.2N--P(X)(NH.sub.2).sub.2, [0337] wherein [0338]
X is oxygen or sulfur; [0339] R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20
alkyl, C.sub.3 to C.sub.20 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 aryl, or
dialkylaminocarbonyl group; [0340] R.sup.2 is H, or [0341] R.sup.1
and R.sup.2 together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a
5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic radical,
which optionally comprises 1 or 2 further heteroatoms selected from
the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, [0342] and
[0343] (B) an aromatic alcohol according to the general formula
(II)
[0343] R.sup.11--C(R.sup.12)(R.sup.13)--OH , [0344] in an amount of
more than 10 wt. % based on the total weight of the composition,
[0345] wherein [0346] R11 is aryl or alkylaryl; [0347] R.sup.12 is
H or alkyl; [0348] R.sup.13 is H or alkyl.
[0349] 2. The composition according to embodiment 1, wherein in the
general formula (I) of (A) X is sulfur.
[0350] 3. The composition according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein
in the general formula (I) of (A) R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl
and R.sup.2 is H.
[0351] 4. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 3, wherein the mixture (A) comprises N-n-butylthiophosphoric
acid triamide (NBPT) and/or N-n-propylthiophosphoric acid triamide
(NPPT).
[0352] 5. The composition according to embodiment 1, wherein the
mixture (A) comprises at least two different (thio)phosphoric acid
triamides having structures of the general formula (I) and wherein
said at least two different (thio)phosphoric acid triamides differ
in at least one of radicals R.sup.1 or R.sup.2.
[0353] 6. The composition according to embodiment 5, wherein one of
said at least two different (thio)phosphoric acid triamides is
N-n-butylthiophosphoric acid triamide.
[0354] 7. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 6, wherein in the general formula (II) of (B) R.sup.12 and
R.sup.13 is H.
[0355] 8. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 7, wherein in the general formula (II) of (B) R.sup.11 is
aryl.
[0356] 9. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 8, wherein in the general formula (II) of (B) R.sup.11 is
phenyl.
[0357] 10. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 9, wherein (B) is benzyl alcohol.
[0358] 11. The composition according to embodiment 1, wherein
[0359] the mixture (A) comprises N-n-butylthiophosphoric acid
triamide (NBPT) and/or N-n-propylthiophosphoric acid triamide
(NPPT) and [0360] (B) is benzyl alcohol.
[0361] 12. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 11, further comprising (C) at least one amine selected from the
group consisting of [0362] (C1) a polymeric polyamine, and [0363]
(C2) an amine containing not more than one amino group and at least
three alkoxy- or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl
groups R.sup.21, wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.21 is
different to the other groups R.sup.21, and [0364] (C3) an amine
containing not more than one amino group and at least two alkoxy-
or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups R.sup.22,
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.22 bears the alkoxy or
hydroxy substituent at a secondary or tertiary carbon atom and
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.22 is different to the
other group(s) R.sup.22, and [0365] (C4) an amine containing at
least one saturated or unsaturated C.sub.8 to C.sub.40 alkyl group
R.sup.23, and [0366] (C5) a saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic
amine which contains at least one oxygen atom as ring atom and
which does not contain a further alkoxy group.
[0367] 13. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 12, further comprising (C) an amine which is [0368] (C1) a
polymeric polyamine.
[0369] 14. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 12, wherein (C1) is a polyalkylene imine.
[0370] 15. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 12, wherein (C1) is a polyethylene imine.
[0371] 16. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 12, further comprising (C) an amine which is [0372] (C2) an
amine containing not more than one amino group and at least three
alkoxy- or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups,
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.21 is different to the
other groups R.sup.21.
[0373] 17. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 12, further comprising (C2) an amine containing not more than
one amino group and at least three hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to
C.sub.3 alkyl groups which are covalently bound to the amino
group.
[0374] 18. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 12, further comprising (C2) an amine selected from the group
consisting of Bis(hydroxyethyl)-isopropanolamine (DEIPA), and
1,1'-((2-Hydroxyethyl)imino)dipropan-2-ol.
[0375] 19. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 12, further comprising (C) an amine which is [0376] (C3) an
amine containing not more than one amino group and at least two
alkoxy- or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups,
wherein at least one of said alkyl groups bears the alkoxy or
hydroxy substituent at a secondary or tertiary carbon atom and
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.22 is different to the
other group(s) R.sup.22.
[0377] 20. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 12, further comprising (C3) an amine selected from the group
consisting of 1-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)propan-2-ol, and
N-Methyl-N-hydroxyethyl-isopropanolamine.
[0378] 21. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 12, further comprising (C) an amine which is [0379] (C4) an
amine containing at least one saturated or unsaturated C.sub.8 to
C.sub.40 alkyl group R.sup.23.
[0380] 22. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 12, further comprising (C4) an amine containing at least one
saturated or unsaturated C.sub.8 to C.sub.19 alkyl group
R.sup.23.
[0381] 23. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 12, further comprising (C4) an amine selected from the group
consisting of ethoxylated (2) cocoalkylamine, ethoxylated (5)
cocoalkylamine, ethoxylated (15) cocoalkylamine, ethoxylated (2)
oleylamine, lauryl-dimethylamine, oleyl-dimethylamine, and
2-propylheptylamine ethoxylate (5 EO), 2-propylheptylamine
ethoxylate (10 EO), and 2-propylheptylamine ethoxylate (20 EO).
[0382] 24. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 12, further comprising (C) an amine which is [0383] (C5) a
saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic amine which contain at least
one oxygen atom as ring atom and which do not contain a further
alkoxy group.
[0384] 25. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 12, further comprising (C5) an amine which is N-methyl
morpholine.
[0385] 26. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 25, further comprising (D) at least one amide according to the
general formula (III)
R.sup.31CO--NR.sup.32R.sup.33 [0386] wherein [0387] R.sup.31CO is
an acyl radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; [0388] R.sup.32 is H
or alkyl, and [0389] R.sup.33 is H or alkyl, or [0390] R.sup.32 and
R.sup.33 together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a 5-
or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic radical, which
optionally comprises 1 or 2 further heteroatoms selected from the
group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
[0391] 27. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 26, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.32 is H or
C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, and R.sup.33 is H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4
alkyl.
[0392] 28. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 27, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.31CO is a
hydroxysubstituted acyl radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
[0393] 29. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 28, wherein (D) is a N,N-dialkyl amide based on lactic acid,
citric acid, tartaric acid, ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxy stearic
acid, or their mixtures.
[0394] 30. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 29, wherein (D) is a lactic acid N,N-dimethylamide.
[0395] 31. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 27, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.31CO does
not contain a hydroxy group.
[0396] 32. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 27 and 31, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D)
R.sup.31CO is an acyl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
[0397] 33. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 27 and 31 to 32, wherein (D) is selected from the group
consisting of N,N-dimethyloctanamide, N,N-dimethylnonanamide, and
N,N-dimethyldecanamide.
[0398] 34. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 27 and 31, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D)
R.sup.31CO is an acyl radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
[0399] 35. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 26, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.32 and
R.sup.33 together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a 5-
or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic radical which
optionally comprises 1 or 2 further heteroatoms selected from the
group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
[0400] 36. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 26 and 35, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.32
and R.sup.33 together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a
6-membered saturated heterocyclic radical which comprises one
further oxygen heteroatom.
[0401] 37. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 26 and 35 to 36, wherein (D) is N-acetylmorpholine or
N-formylmorpholine.
[0402] 38. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 26 and 35, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.32
and R.sup.33 together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a
5-membered saturated heterocyclic radical which comprises one
further nitrogen heteroatom.
[0403] 39. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 26, 35, and 38, wherein (D) is
1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone.
[0404] 40. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 27, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.32 is an
acyloxy substituted alkyl group.
[0405] 41. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 27, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.31CO is an
acyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.32 is an acyloxy
substituted alkyl group and R.sup.33 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.4
alkyl.
[0406] 42. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 27, wherein (D) is N-[2-(acetyloxy)ethyl]-N-methyl
acetamide.
[0407] 43. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 42, further comprising (E) an alcohol comprising at least two
hydroxy groups which are not dissociable in the aqueous medium.
[0408] 44. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 42, further comprising (E) propane-1,2-diol (alpha-propylene
glycol).
[0409] 45. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 44, further comprising a compound (K) selected from the group
consisting of [0410] (K1) an amine selected from the group
consisting of methyldiethanolamine,
tetrahydroxypropylethylenediamine, trimethylaminoethylethanolamine,
N,N,N1,N1-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine,
N,N',N''-tris(dimethylaminopropyl)hexahydrotriazine, and
2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, [0411] (K2) an amine containing
not more than one amino group and at least three alkoxy- or
hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups R.sup.41,
wherein all groups R.sup.41 within said amine are identical, and
[0412] (K3) an amine containing not more than one amino group and
at least two alkoxy- or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12
alkyl groups R.sup.42, wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.42
bears the alkoxy or hydroxy substituent at a secondary or tertiary
carbon atom and wherein all groups R.sup.42 with said amine are
identical.
[0413] 46. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 45, further comprising (F) a nitrogen-containing fertilizer.
[0414] 47. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 45, further comprising (F1) a urea-containing fertilizer
comprising at least one component selected from the group
consisting of urea, urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), isobutylidene
diurea (IBDU), crotonylidene diurea (CDU) and urea formaldehyde
(UF), urea-acetaldehyde, and urea-glyoxal condensates.
[0415] 48. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 45, further comprising (F) a nitrogen-containing fertilizer
which comprises urea.
[0416] 49. Process for treating the soil comprising: [0417]
applying the composition according to anyone of the embodiments 1
to 48 into the soil infurrow and/or as side-dress and/or as
broadcast.
[0418] 50. Process according to embodiment 49 comprising: [0419]
applying the composition by spraying it onto the soil.
[0420] 51. Process according to embodiment 49, wherein the
composition is--either at the same time or with a time
difference--applied together with at least one nitrogen-containing
fertilizer (F) into the soil in-furrow and/or as side-dress and/or
as broadcast.
[0421] 52. Use of the composition according to anyone of the
embodiments 1 to 45 as additive or coating material for
nitrogen-containing fertilizers (F).
[0422] 101. An composition comprising:
[0423] (A) a mixture comprising at least one (thio)phosphoric acid
triamide according to the general formula (I)
R.sup.1R.sup.2N--P(X)(NH.sub.2).sub.2, [0424] wherein [0425] X is
oxygen or sulfur; [0426] R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl,
C.sub.3 to C.sub.20 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 aryl, or
dialkylaminocarbonyl group; [0427] R.sup.2 is H, or [0428] R.sup.1
and R.sup.2 together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a
5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic radical,
which optionally comprises 1 or 2 further heteroatoms selected from
the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, [0429]
and
[0430] (C) at least one amine selected from the group consisting of
[0431] (C1) a polymeric polyamine, and [0432] (C2) an amine
containing not more than one amino group and at least three alkoxy-
or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups R.sup.21,
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.21 is different to the
other groups R.sup.21, and [0433] (C3) an amine containing not more
than one amino group and at least two alkoxy- or
hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups R.sup.22,
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.22 bears the alkoxy or
hydroxy substituent at a secondary or tertiary carbon atom and
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.22 is different to the
other group(s) R.sup.22, and [0434] (C4) an amine containing at
least one saturated or unsaturated C.sub.8 to C.sub.40 alkyl group
R.sup.23, and [0435] (C5) a saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic
amine which contains at least one oxygen atom as ring atom and
which does not contain a further alkoxy group.
[0436] 102. The composition according to embodiment 101, wherein in
the general formula (I) of (A) X is sulfur.
[0437] 103. The composition according to embodiment 101 or 102,
wherein in the general formula (I) of (A) R.sup.1 is
C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl and R.sup.2 is H.
[0438] 104. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 103, wherein the mixture (A) comprises
N-n-butylthiophosphoric acid triamide (NBPT) and/or
N-n-propylthiophosphoric acid triamide (NPPT).
[0439] 105. The composition according to embodiment 101, wherein
the mixture (A) comprises at least two different (thio)phosphoric
acid triamides having structures of the general formula (I) and
wherein said at least two different (thio)phosphoric acid triamides
differ in at least one of radicals R.sup.1 or R.sup.2.
[0440] 106. The composition according to embodiment 105, wherein
one of said at least two different (thio)phosphoric acid triamides
is N-n-butylthiophosphoric acid triamide.
[0441] 107. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 106, wherein (C) is [0442] (C1) a polymeric polyamine.
[0443] 108. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 106, wherein (C) is (C1) which is a polyalkylene imine.
[0444] 109. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 106, wherein (C) is (C1) which is a polyethylene imine.
[0445] 110. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 106, wherein (C) is [0446] (C2) an amine containing not more
than one amino group and at least three alkoxy- or
hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups R.sup.21,
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.21 is different to the
other groups R.sup.21.
[0447] 111. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 106, wherein (C) is (C2) an amine containing not more than
one amino group and at least three hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to
C.sub.3 alkyl groups which are covalently bound to the amino
group.
[0448] 112. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 106, wherein (C) is (C2) an amine selected from the group
consisting of Bis(hydroxyethyl)-isopropanolamine (DEIPA), and
1,1'-((2-Hydroxyethyl)imino)dipropan-2-ol.
[0449] 113. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 106, wherein (C) is [0450] (C3) an amine containing not more
than one amino group and at least two alkoxy- or
hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups R.sup.22,
wherein at least one of said alkyl groups bears the alkoxy or
hydroxy substituent at a secondary or tertiary carbon atom and
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.22 is different to the
other group(s) R22.sub..
[0451] 114. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 106, wherein (C) is (C3) an amine selected from the group
consisting of 1-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)propan-2-ol, and
N-Methyl-N-hydroxyethyl-isopropanolamine.
[0452] 115. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 106, wherein (C) is (C) an amine which is [0453] (C4) an
amine containing at least one saturated or unsaturated C.sub.8 to
C.sub.40 alkyl group R.sup.23.
[0454] 116. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 106, wherein (C) is (C4) an amine containing at least one
saturated or unsaturated C.sub.8 to C.sub.19 alkyl group
R.sup.23.
[0455] 117. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 106, wherein (C) is (C4) an amine selected from the group
consisting of ethoxylated (2) cocoalkylamine, ethoxylated (5)
cocoalkylamine, ethoxylated (15) cocoalkylamine, ethoxylated (2)
oleylamine, lauryl-dimethylamine, oleyl-dimethylamine, and
2-propylheptylamine ethoxylate (5 EO), 2-propylheptylamine
ethoxylate (10 EO), and 2-propylheptylamine ethoxylate (20 EO).
[0456] 118. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 106, wherein (C) is [0457] (C5) a saturated or unsaturated
heterocyclic amine which contain at least one oxygen atom as ring
atom and which do not contain a further alkoxy group.
[0458] 119. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 106, wherein (C) is (C5) an amine which is N-methyl
morpholine.
[0459] 120. The composition according to embodiment 101, wherein
[0460] the mixture (A) comprises N-n-butylthiophosphoric acid
triamide (NBPT) and/or N-n-propylthiophosphoric acid triamide
(NPPT) and [0461] (C) is (C1) a polymeric polyamine which is
polyethyleneimine.
[0462] 121. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 120, further comprising [0463] (B) an aromatic alcohol
according to the general formula (II)
[0463] R.sup.11--C(R.sup.12)(R.sup.13)--OH, [0464] wherein [0465]
R.sup.11 is aryl or alkylaryl; [0466] R.sup.12 is H or alkyl;
[0467] R.sup.13 is H or alkyl.
[0468] 122. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 121, further comprising (B), wherein in the general formula
(II) of (B) R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 is H.
[0469] 123. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 122, further comprising (B), wherein in the general formula
(II) of (B) R.sup.11 is aryl.
[0470] 124. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 123, further comprising (B), wherein in the general formula
(II) of (B) R.sup.11 is phenyl.
[0471] 125. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 124, further comprising (B), wherein (B) is benzyl
alcohol.
[0472] 126. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 125, further comprising [0473] (D) at least one amide
according to the general formula (III)
[0473] R.sup.31CO--NR.sup.32R.sup.33 [0474] wherein [0475]
R.sup.31CO is an acyl radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; [0476]
R.sup.32 is H or alkyl, and [0477] R.sup.33 is H or alkyl, or
[0478] R.sup.32 and R.sup.33 together with the nitrogen atom
linking them define a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated
heterocyclic radical, which optionally comprises 1 or 2 further
heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen,
and sulfur.
[0479] 127. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 126, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.32 is
H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, and R.sup.33 is H or C.sub.1 to
C.sub.4 alkyl.
[0480] 128. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 127, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.31CO
is a hydroxysubstituted acyl radical having 1 to 22 carbon
atoms.
[0481] 129. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 128, wherein (D) is a N,N-dialkyl amide based on lactic
acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxy
stearic acid, or their mixtures.
[0482] 130. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 129, wherein (D) is a lactic acid N,N-dimethylamide.
[0483] 131. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 127, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.31CO
does not contain a hydroxy group.
[0484] 132. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 127 and 131, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D)
R.sup.31CO is an acyl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
[0485] 133. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 127 and 131 to 132, wherein (D) is selected from the group
consisting of N,N-dimethyloctanamide, N,N-dimethylnonanamide, and
N,N-dimethyldecanamide.
[0486] 134. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 127 and 131, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D)
R.sup.31CO is an acyl radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
[0487] 135. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 126, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.32
and R.sup.33 together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a
5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic radical
which optionally comprises 1 or 2 further heteroatoms selected from
the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
[0488] 136. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 126 and 135, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D)
R.sup.32 and R.sup.33 together with the nitrogen atom linking them
define a 6-membered saturated heterocyclic radical which comprises
one further oxygen heteroatom.
[0489] 137. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 126 and 135 to 136, wherein (D) is N-acetylmorpholine or
N-formylmorpholine.
[0490] 138. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 126 and 135, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D)
R.sup.32 and R.sup.33 together with the nitrogen atom linking them
define a 5-membered saturated heterocyclic radical which comprises
one further nitrogen heteroatom.
[0491] 139. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 126, 135, and 138, wherein (D) is
1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone.
[0492] 140. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 127, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.32 is
an acyloxy substituted alkyl group.
[0493] 141. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 127, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.31CO
is an acyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.32 is an
acyloxy substituted alkyl group and R.sup.33 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.4
alkyl.
[0494] 142. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 127, wherein (D) is N-[2-(acetyloxy)ethyl]-N-methyl
acetamide.
[0495] 143. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 142, further comprising (E) an alcohol comprising at least
two hydroxy groups which are not dissociable in the aqueous
medium.
[0496] 144. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 142, further comprising (E) propane-1,2-diol
(alpha-propylene glycol).
[0497] 145. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 144, further comprising a compound (K) selected from the
group consisting of [0498] (K1) an amine selected from the group
consisting of methyldiethanolamine,
tetrahydroxypropylethylenediamine, trimethylaminoethylethanolamine,
N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine,
N,N',N''-tris(dimethylaminopropyl)hexahydrotriazine, and
2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, [0499] (K2) an amine containing
not more than one amino group and at least three alkoxy- or
hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups R.sup.41,
wherein all groups R.sup.41 within said amine are identical, and
[0500] (K3) an amine containing not more than one amino group and
at least two alkoxy- or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12
alkyl groups R.sup.42, wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.42
bears the alkoxy or hydroxy substituent at a secondary or tertiary
carbon atom and wherein all groups R.sup.42 with said amine are
identical.
[0501] 146. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 145, further comprising (F) a nitrogen-containing
fertilizer.
[0502] 147. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 145, further comprising (F1) a urea-containing fertilizer
comprising at least one component selected from the group
consisting of urea, urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), isobutylidene
diurea (IBDU), crotonylidene diurea (CDU) and urea formaldehyde
(UF), urea-acetaldehyde, and urea-glyoxal condensates.
[0503] 148. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
101 to 145, further comprising (F) a nitrogen-containing fertilizer
which comprises urea.
[0504] 149. Process for treating the soil comprising: [0505]
applying the composition according to anyone of the embodiments 101
to 148 into the soil in-furrow and/or as side-dress and/or as
broadcast.
[0506] 150. Process according to embodiment 149 comprising: [0507]
applying the composition by spraying it onto the soil. 151. Process
according to embodiment 149, wherein the composition is--either at
the same time or with a time difference--applied together with at
least one nitrogen-containing fertilizer (F) into the soil
in-furrow and/or as side-dress and/or as broadcast.
[0508] 152. Use of the composition according to anyone of the
embodiments 101 to 145 as additive or coating material for
nitrogen-containing fertilizers (F).
[0509] 201. An composition comprising: [0510] (A) a mixture
comprising at least one (thio)phosphoric acid triamide according to
the general formula (I)
[0510] R.sup.1R.sup.2N--P(X)(NH.sup.2).sup.2, [0511] wherein [0512]
X is oxygen or sulfur; [0513] R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20
alkyl, C.sub.3 to C.sub.20 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 aryl, or
dialkylaminocarbonyl group; [0514] R.sup.2 is H, or [0515] R.sup.1
and R.sup.2 together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a
5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic radical,
which optionally comprises 1 or 2 further heteroatoms selected from
the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, [0516] and
[0517] (D) at least one amide according to the general formula
(III)
[0517] R.sup.31CO--NR.sup.32R.sup.33 [0518] wherein [0519]
R.sup.31CO is an acyl radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; [0520]
R.sup.32 is H or alkyl, and [0521] R.sup.33 is H or alkyl, or
[0522] R.sup.32 and R.sup.33 together with the nitrogen atom
linking them define a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated
heterocyclic radical, which optionally comprises 1 or 2 further
heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen,
and sulfur.
[0523] 202. The composition according to embodiment 201, wherein in
the general formula (I) of (A) X is sulfur.
[0524] 203. The composition according to embodiment 201 or 202,
wherein in the general formula (I) of (A) R.sup.1 is
C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl and R.sup.2 is H.
[0525] 204. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 203, wherein the mixture (A) comprises
N-n-butylthiophosphoric acid triamide (NBPT) and/or
N-n-propylthiophosphoric acid triamide (NPPT).
[0526] 205. The composition according to embodiment 201, wherein
the mixture (A) comprises at least two different (thio)phosphoric
acid triamides having structures of the general formula (I) and
wherein said at least two different (thio)phosphoric acid triamides
differ in at least one of radicals R.sup.1 or R.sup.2.
[0527] 206. The composition according to embodiment 205, wherein
one of said at least two different (thio)phosphoric acid triamides
is N-n-butylthiophosphoric acid triamide.
[0528] 207. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 206, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.32 is
H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, and R.sup.33 is H or C.sub.1 to
C.sub.4 alkyl.
[0529] 208. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 207, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.31CO
is a hydroxysubstituted acyl radical having 1 to 22 carbon
atoms.
[0530] 209. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 208, wherein (D) is a N,N-dialkyl amide based on lactic
acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxy
stearic acid, or their mixtures.
[0531] 210. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 209, wherein (D) is a lactic acid N,N-dimethylamide.
[0532] 211. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 207, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.31CO
does not contain a hydroxy group.
[0533] 212. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 207 and 211, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D)
R.sup.31CO is an acyl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
[0534] 213. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 207 and 211 to 212, wherein (D) is selected from the group
consisting of N,N-dimethyloctanamide, N,N-dimethylnonanamide, and
N,N-dimethyldecanamide.
[0535] 214. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 207 and 211, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D)
R.sup.31CO is an acyl radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
[0536] 215. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 206, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.32
and R.sup.33 together with the nitrogen atom linking them define a
5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic radical
which optionally comprises 1 or 2 further heteroatoms selected from
the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
[0537] 216. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 206 and 215, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D)
R.sup.32 and R.sup.33 together with the nitrogen atom linking them
define a 6-membered saturated heterocyclic radical which comprises
one further oxygen heteroatom.
[0538] 217. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 206 and 215 to 216, wherein (D) is N-acetylmorpholine or
N-formylmorpholine.
[0539] 218. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 206 and 215, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D)
R.sup.32 and R.sup.33 together with the nitrogen atom linking them
define a 5-membered saturated heterocyclic radical which comprises
one further nitrogen heteroatom.
[0540] 219. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 206, 215, and 218, wherein (D) is
1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone.
[0541] 220. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 207, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.32 is
an acyloxy substituted alkyl group.
[0542] 221. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 207, wherein in the general formula (III) of (D) R.sup.31CO
is an acyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.32 is an
acyloxy substituted alkyl group and R.sup.33 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.4
alkyl.
[0543] 222. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 207, wherein (D) is N-[2-(acetyloxy)ethyl]-N-methyl
acetamide.
[0544] 223. The composition according to embodiment 201, wherein
[0545] the mixture (A) comprises N-n-butylthiophosphoric acid
triamide (NBPT) and/or N-n-propylthiophosphoric acid triamide
(NPPT) and [0546] (D) is an N,N-dialkyl amide based on lactic acid,
citric acid, tartaric acid, ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxy stearic
acid, or their mixtures.
[0547] 224. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 223, further comprising (B) an aromatic alcohol according to
the general formula (II)
R.sup.11--C(R.sup.12)(R.sup.13)--OH, [0548] wherein [0549] R.sup.11
is aryl or alkylaryl; [0550] R.sup.12 is H or alkyl; [0551]
R.sup.13 is H or alkyl.
[0552] 225. The composition according to embodiment 224, wherein in
the general formula (II) of (B) R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 is H.
[0553] 226. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
224 to 225, wherein in the general formula (II) of (B) R.sup.11 is
aryl.
[0554] 227. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
224 to 226, wherein in the general formula (II) of (B) R.sup.11 is
phenyl.
[0555] 228. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 227, further comprising (B), wherein (B) is benzyl
alcohol.
[0556] 229. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 228, further comprising (C) at least one amine selected from
the group consisting of [0557] (C1) a polymeric polyamine, and
[0558] (C2) an amine containing not more than one amino group and
at least three alkoxy- or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12
alkyl groups R.sup.21, wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.21
is different to the other groups R.sup.21, and [0559] (C3) an amine
containing not more than one amino group and at least two alkoxy-
or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups R.sup.22,
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.22 bears the alkoxy or
hydroxy substituent at a secondary or tertiary carbon atom and
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.22 is different to the
other group(s) R.sup.22, and [0560] (C4) an amine containing at
least one saturated or unsaturated C.sub.8 to C.sub.40 alkyl group
R.sup.23, and [0561] (C5) a saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic
amine which contains at least one oxygen atom as ring atom and
which does not contain a further alkoxy group.
[0562] 230. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 229, further comprising (C) an amine which is [0563] (C1) a
polymeric polyamine.
[0564] 231. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 229, wherein (C1) is a polyalkylene imine.
[0565] 232. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 229, wherein (C1) is a polyethylene imine.
[0566] 233. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 229, further comprising (C) an amine which is [0567] (C2) an
amine containing not more than one amino group and at least three
alkoxy- or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups,
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.21 is different to the
other groups R.sup.21.
[0568] 234. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 229, further comprising (C2) an amine containing not more
than one amino group and at least three hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2
to C.sub.3 alkyl groups which are covalently bound to the amino
group.
[0569] 235. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 229, further comprising (C2) an amine selected from the
group consisting of Bis(hydroxyethyl)-isopropanolamine (DEIPA), and
1,1'-((2-Hydroxyethyl)imino)dipropan-2-ol.
[0570] 236. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 229, further comprising (C) an amine which is [0571] (C3) an
amine containing not more than one amino group and at least two
alkoxy- or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups,
wherein at least one of said alkyl groups bears the alkoxy or
hydroxy substituent at a secondary or tertiary carbon atom and
wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.22 is different to the
other group(s) R.sup.22.
[0572] 237. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 229, further comprising (C3) an amine selected from the
group consisting of 1-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)propan-2-ol, and
N-Methyl-N-hydroxyethyl-isopropanolamine.
[0573] 238. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 229, further comprising (C) an amine which is [0574] (C4) an
amine containing at least one saturated or unsaturated C.sub.8 to
C.sub.40 alkyl group R.sup.23.
[0575] 239. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 229, further comprising (C4) an amine containing at least
one saturated or unsaturated C.sub.8 to C.sub.19 alkyl group
R.sup.23.
[0576] 240. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 229, further comprising (C4) an amine selected from the
group consisting of ethoxylated (2) cocoalkylamine, ethoxylated (5)
cocoalkylamine, ethoxylated (15) cocoalkylamine, ethoxylated (2)
oleylamine, lauryl-dimethylamine, oleyl-dimethylamine, and
2-propylheptylamine ethoxylate (5 EO), 2-propylheptylamine
ethoxylate (10 EO), and 2-propylheptylamine ethoxylate (20 EO).
[0577] 241. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 229, further comprising (C) an amine which is [0578] (C5) a
saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic amine which contain at least
one oxygen atom as ring atom and which do not contain a further
alkoxy group.
[0579] 242. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 229, further comprising (C5) an amine which is N-methyl
morpholine.
[0580] 243. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 242, further comprising (E) an alcohol comprising at least
two hydroxy groups which are not dissociable in the aqueous
medium.
[0581] 244. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 242, further comprising (E) propane-1,2-diol
(alpha-propylene glycol).
[0582] 245. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 244, further comprising a compound (K) selected from the
group consisting of [0583] (K1) an amine selected from the group
consisting of methyldiethanolamine,
tetrahydroxypropylethylenediamine, trimethylaminoethylethanolamine,
N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine,
N,N',N''-tris(dimethylaminopropyl)hexahydrotriazine, and
2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, [0584] (K2) an amine containing
not more than one amino group and at least three alkoxy- or
hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkyl groups R.sup.41,
wherein all groups R.sup.41 within said amine are identical, and
[0585] (K3) an amine containing not more than one amino group and
at least two alkoxy- or hydroxy-substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12
alkyl groups R.sup.42, wherein at least one of the groups R.sup.42
bears the alkoxy or hydroxy substituent at a secondary or tertiary
carbon atom and wherein all groups R.sup.42 with said amine are
identical.
[0586] 246. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 245, further comprising (F) a nitrogen-containing
fertilizer.
[0587] 247. The composition according to anyone of the embodiments
201 to 245, further comprising (F1) a urea-containing fertilizer
comprising at least one component selected from the group
consisting of urea, urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), isobutylidene
diurea (IBDU), crotonylidene diurea (CDU) and urea formaldehyde
(UF), urea-acetaldehyde, and urea-glyoxal condensates. 248. The
composition according to anyone of the embodiments 201 to 245,
further comprising (F) a nitrogen-containing fertilizer which
comprises urea.
[0588] 249. Process for treating the soil comprising: [0589]
applying the composition according to anyone of the embodiments 201
to 248 into the soil in-furrow and/or as side-dress and/or as
broadcast.
[0590] 250. Process according to embodiment 249 comprising: [0591]
applying the composition by spraying it onto the soil.
[0592] 251. Process according to embodiment 249, wherein the
composition is--either at the same time or with a time
difference--applied together with at least one nitrogen-containing
fertilizer (F) into the soil in-furrow and/or as side-dress and/or
as broadcast.
[0593] 252. Use of the composition according to anyone of the
embodiments 201 to 245 as additive or coating material for
nitrogen-containing fertilizers (F).
* * * * *