U.S. patent application number 16/084757 was filed with the patent office on 2019-03-14 for polyalkylene glycol-based lubricant composition.
The applicant listed for this patent is DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC, TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES. Invention is credited to Laura BROUTIN, Nadjet KHELIDJ-SUEDMEYER, Nicolas OBRECHT.
Application Number | 20190078036 16/084757 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 55953272 |
Filed Date | 2019-03-14 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20190078036 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
BROUTIN; Laura ; et
al. |
March 14, 2019 |
POLYALKYLENE GLYCOL-BASED LUBRICANT COMPOSITION
Abstract
Disclosed is a lubricant composition including: an oil chosen
from polyalkyl glycols (PAG or polyalkylene glycols); and an
anti-wear additive chosen from compounds of formula (I)
##STR00001## in which R1 and R2, which may be identical or
different, independently represent a linear or branched secondary
alkyl group including from 2 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably from 3
to carbon atoms. This lubricant composition is particularly useful
for the lubrication of a vehicle engine, preferably of a motor
vehicle.
Inventors: |
BROUTIN; Laura; (TERNAY,
FR) ; OBRECHT; Nicolas; (Meistratzheim, FR) ;
KHELIDJ-SUEDMEYER; Nadjet; (HORGEN, CH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES
DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC |
PUTEAUX
MIDLAND |
MI |
FR
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
55953272 |
Appl. No.: |
16/084757 |
Filed: |
March 14, 2017 |
PCT Filed: |
March 14, 2017 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP2017/055917 |
371 Date: |
September 13, 2018 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10M 2207/289 20130101;
C10M 2209/1065 20130101; C10M 169/04 20130101; C10M 2219/068
20130101; C10N 2040/255 20200501; C10M 2209/1033 20130101; C10N
2010/04 20130101; C10M 137/10 20130101; C10M 2223/045 20130101;
C10N 2030/06 20130101; C10M 169/044 20130101; C10M 2209/1085
20130101; C10N 2020/02 20130101; C10N 2010/12 20130101; C10M
2209/1045 20130101; C10N 2030/54 20200501; C10M 2209/1075 20130101;
C10M 107/34 20130101; C10M 2209/1055 20130101; C10N 2030/04
20130101; C10M 2223/045 20130101; C10N 2010/04 20130101; C10M
2209/1045 20130101; C10M 2209/1055 20130101; C10M 2209/1075
20130101; C10M 2209/1055 20130101; C10M 2209/1065 20130101; C10M
2209/1075 20130101; C10M 2209/1045 20130101; C10M 2209/1055
20130101; C10M 2209/1085 20130101; C10M 2209/1055 20130101; C10M
2209/1065 20130101; C10M 2209/1085 20130101; C10M 2219/068
20130101; C10N 2010/12 20130101; C10M 2219/068 20130101; C10N
2010/12 20130101; C10M 2223/045 20130101; C10N 2010/04
20130101 |
International
Class: |
C10M 169/04 20060101
C10M169/04; C10M 137/10 20060101 C10M137/10; C10M 107/34 20060101
C10M107/34 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Mar 15, 2016 |
FR |
1652189 |
Claims
1-14. (canceled)
15. Composition comprising 1 to 99.5% by weight of an oil selected
from polyalkyl glycols (PAG or polyalkylene glycols) and an
anti-wear additive selected from the compounds of formula (I)
##STR00012## in which R1 and R2, which may be identical or
different, independently represent a linear or branched secondary
alkyl group comprising from 2 to 7 carbon atoms.
16. Composition according to claim 15 wherein the PAG is a block
polymer of formula (II) or a random polymer of formula (II)
##STR00013## in which: R3 represents a linear or branched
C.sub.1-C.sub.30-alkyl group; n represents a number ranging from 2
to 60; R4 and R5, identical or different, independently represent a
hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.2-alkyl group.
17. Composition according claim 15 for which the PAG is chosen from
a block polymer of formula (IIA) or a random polymer of formula
(IIA) ##STR00014## in which: R3 represents a linear or branched
C.sub.1-C.sub.30-alkyl group; m represents a number ranging from 2
to 60; R6 and R7 represent a hydrogen atom; or R6 represents a
hydrogen atom and R7 represents a methyl group; or R6 represents a
methyl group and R7 represents a hydrogen atom; or R6 and R7
represent a methyl group; or R6 represents an ethyl group and R7
represents a hydrogen atom; or R6 represents a hydrogen atom and R7
represents an ethyl group; a block polymer of formula (IIB) or a
random polymer of formula (IIB) ##STR00015## in which: R3
represents a linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.30-alkyl group; p and
q independently represent a number ranging from 1 to 30; R8 and R9
represent a hydrogen atom; or R8 represents a hydrogen atom and R9
represents a methyl group; or R8 represents a methyl group and R9
represents a hydrogen atom; or R8 and R9 represent a methyl group;
or R8 represents an ethyl group and R9 represents a hydrogen atom;
or R8 represents a hydrogen atom and R9 represents an ethyl group;
R10 and R11 represent a hydrogen atom; or R10 represents a hydrogen
atom and R11 represents a methyl group; or R10 represents a methyl
group and R11 represents a hydrogen atom; or R10 and R11 represent
a methyl group; or R10 represents an ethyl group and R11 represents
a hydrogen atom; or R10 represents a hydrogen atom and R11
represents an ethyl group.
18. Composition according to claim 15 for which the PAG is chosen
from a block polymer of formula (III) or a random polymer of
formula (III) ##STR00016## in which: R3 represents a linear or
branched C.sub.4-C.sub.12-alkyl group; p represents a number
ranging from 1 to 30; q represents a number ranging from 1 to 30,
or a block polymer of formula (IV) or a random polymer of formula
(IV) ##STR00017## in which: R3 represents a linear or branched
C.sub.8-C.sub.12-alkyl group; p represents a number ranging from 2
to 6; q represents a number ranging from 2 to 5. a block polymer of
formula (V) or a random polymer of formula (V) ##STR00018## in
which: R3 represents a linear or branched C.sub.4-C.sub.12-alkyl
group; r represents a number ranging from 2 to 60.
19. Composition according to claim 15 wherein the PAG is a block
polymer of formula (VI) or a random polymer of formula (VI)
##STR00019## in which: R12 represents a linear or branched
C.sub.1-C.sub.30-alkyl group; s and t independently represent an
average number ranging from 1 to 5.
20. Composition according to claim 15 comprising 1 to 99.5% by
weight of PAG.
21. Composition according to claim 15 comprising from 1 to 30% by
weight of PAG.
22. Composition according to claim 15 comprising from 40 to 99.5%
by weight of PAG.
23. Composition according to claim 15 comprising from 5 to 80% by
weight of PAG.
24. Composition according to claim 15 wherein the anti-wear
additive is selected from compounds of formula (I) ##STR00020## in
which R1 and R2, identical or different, represent a secondary
C3-alkyl group or a secondary C6-alkyl group.
25. Composition according to claim 15 comprising from 0.1 to 3% by
weight of compound of formula (I).
26. Composition according to claim 15 comprising a lubricating base
oil.
27. Composition according to claim 15, further comprising an
organic friction modifier selected from esters.
28. Method of lubricating a motor vehicle, preferably a motor
vehicle, comprising at least one step of bringing the motor into
contact with the lubricating composition according to claim 15.
Description
[0001] The present application relates to the field of lubricating
compositions, especially lubricating compositions for a vehicle
engine, in particular for a motor vehicle engine. In particular,
the present application relates to lubricating compositions based
on polyalkylated glycols (PAG or polyalkylene glycols) for the
lubrication of a vehicle engine, especially a motor vehicle.
[0002] Energy efficiency and reduced fuel consumption of automotive
engines is a growing concern. It is known that engine lubricants
used in automotive vehicles play an important role in this
respect.
[0003] To formulate economic fuel lubricants or fuel economizers,
it is known to play on the viscosity of the lubricating bases used.
It is also known to use polymers to improve the viscosity index
(VI), or to use friction modifiers (MF). However, the polymers
improving the viscosity index have the disadvantage of degrading
the engine cleanliness of the lubricating compositions in which
they are used. However, current engines have high thermal stresses
that cause significant deposition phenomena. The deposits are
related to the chemical transformation of the lubricant in the
parts closest to the combustion chamber and therefore the hottest
parts.
[0004] Fuel economy lubricating compositions based on PAG have been
described in document WO 2013/164449, wherein the compositions also
have good properties for engine.
[0005] However, the use of these PAG may sometimes cause an
increase in the wear of the mechanical parts of the engine, and
therefore a degradation of the service life of said engine.
[0006] It is, therefore, of interest to provide a lubricating
composition, especially a lubricating composition for motor vehicle
engines, to overcome all or part of the drawbacks of the prior
art.
[0007] One object of the present invention is to provide a
lubricating composition based on PAG, in particular a lubricating
composition based on PAG for motor vehicle engines, offering
improved anti-wear properties.
[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a
lubricating composition based on PAG, in particular a lubricating
composition based on PAG for a motor vehicle engine, offering both
improved anti-wear properties and satisfactory fuel economy
properties.
[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide a
lubricating composition based on PAG, especially a PAG lubricating
composition for a motor vehicle engine, offering improved anti-wear
properties as well as not degrading engine cleanliness.
[0010] Another object of the present invention is to provide a
lubricating composition based on PAG, especially a PAG lubricating
composition for a motor vehicle engine, offering improved anti-wear
properties and satisfactory fuel economy properties, while not
degrading engine cleanliness.
[0011] Another object of the invention is to provide a lubricating
composition based on PAG, in particular a lubricating composition
based on PAG for a motor vehicle engine, offering improved
anti-wear properties and that is easy to formulate.
[0012] In order to achieve the above objectives and overcome the
cited drawbacks in the prior art, the present invention proposes a
lubricating composition comprising: [0013] an oil chosen from
polyalkyl glycols (PAG or polyalkylene glycols), and [0014] an
anti-wear additive chosen from compounds of formula (I)
[0014] ##STR00002## [0015] in which R1 and R2, which may be
identical or different, independently represent a linear or
branched secondary alkyl group comprising from 2 to 7 carbon atoms,
preferably from 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
[0016] In the context of the present invention, the term "linear or
branched secondary alkyl comprising from 2 to 7 carbon atoms" is
understood to mean an alkyl chosen to form a secondary alcohol with
the O to which it is attached.
[0017] Particularly advantageously, the lubricating composition of
the present invention is a lubricating composition for an engine,
preferably a vehicle, more preferably a motor vehicle.
[0018] According to the invention, the PAG of the lubricating
composition according to the invention may be a block polymer or a
random polymer.
[0019] The PAG according to the invention comprises alkyl groups
whose length of the hydrocarbon chains may vary. According to the
invention, the length of the hydrocarbon chains is defined by a
mean value of the number of carbon atoms.
[0020] Preferably, the PAG of the composition according to the
invention PAG is a block polymer of formula (II) or a random
polymer of formula (II)
##STR00003##
in which: [0021] R3 represents a linear or branched
C.sub.1-C.sub.30-alkyl group, preferably a linear or branched
C.sub.4-C.sub.12-alkyl group; [0022] n represents a number ranging
from 2 to 60, preferably from 5 to 30 or from 7 to 15; [0023] R4
and R5, identical or different, independently represent a hydrogen
atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.2-alkyl group.
[0024] For the PAG according to the invention, n may represent a
number ranging from 2 to 60, preferably ranging from 5 to 30 or
from 7 to 15.
[0025] For a preferred PAG according to the invention, R3
represents a linear or branched C.sub.4-C.sub.12-alkyl group, R4
and R5 are different and independently represent a hydrogen atom or
a linear C.sub.1-C.sub.2-alkyl group and n represents a number
ranging from 7 to 15.
[0026] Also preferably, the PAG of the composition according to the
invention is a block polymer of formula (IIA) or a random polymer
of formula (IIA)
##STR00004##
in which: [0027] R3 represents a linear or branched
C.sub.1-C.sub.30-alkyl group, preferably a linear or branched
C.sub.4-C.sub.12-alkyl group; [0028] m represents a number ranging
from 2 to 60, preferably from 5 to 30 or from 7 to 15; [0029] R6
and R7 represent a hydrogen atom; or R6 represents a hydrogen atom
and R7 represents a methyl group; or R6 represents a methyl group
and R7 represents a hydrogen atom; or R6 and R7 represent a methyl
group; or R6 represents an ethyl group and R7 represents a hydrogen
atom; or R6 represents a hydrogen atom and R7 represents an ethyl
group.
[0030] For the PAG according to the invention, m may represent a
number ranging from 2 to 60, preferably ranging from 5 to 30 or
from 7 to 15.
[0031] For a preferred PAG according to the invention, R3
represents a linear or branched C.sub.4-C.sub.12-alkyl group, R6
and R7 are different and independently represent a hydrogen atom, a
methyl group or an ethyl group and m represents a number ranging
from 7 to 15.
[0032] Also preferably, the PAG of the composition according to the
invention is a block polymer of formula (IIB) or a random polymer
of formula (IIB)
##STR00005##
in which: [0033] R3 represents a linear or branched
C.sub.1-C.sub.30-alkyl group, preferably a linear or branched
C.sub.4-C.sub.12-alkyl group, more preferably a linear or branched
C.sub.8-C.sub.12-alkyl group; [0034] p and q independently
represent a number ranging from 1 to 30, preferably from 2 to 15 or
from 2 to 8; [0035] R8 and R9 represent a hydrogen atom; or R8
represents a hydrogen atom and R9 represents a methyl group; or R8
represents a methyl group and R9 represents a hydrogen atom; or R8
and R9 represent a methyl group; or R8 represents an ethyl group
and R9 represents a hydrogen atom; or R8 represents a hydrogen atom
and R9 represents an ethyl group; [0036] R10 and R11 represent a
hydrogen atom; or R10 represents a hydrogen atom and R11 represents
a methyl group; or R10 represents a methyl group and R11 represents
a hydrogen atom; or R10 and R11 represent a methyl group; or R10
represents an ethyl group and R11 represents a hydrogen atom; or
R10 represents a hydrogen atom and R11 represents an ethyl
group.
[0037] For the PAG according to the invention, p and q may
independently represent a number ranging from 1 to 30, preferably
from 2 to 15 or from 2 to 8.
[0038] As particular PAG according to the invention, mention may be
made of: [0039] PAG for which R8, R9, R10 and R11 represent a
hydrogen atom; or [0040] PAG for which R8 and R10 represent a
hydrogen atom and R9 and R11 represent a methyl group; or [0041]
PAG for which R8 and R10 represent a hydrogen atom and R9 and R11
represent an ethyl group; or [0042] PAG for which R8 and R10
represent a hydrogen atom, R9 represents a methyl group and R11
represents an ethyl group; or [0043] PAG for which R8 and R10
represent a hydrogen atom, R9 represents an ethyl group and R11
represents a methyl group; or [0044] PAG for which R8, R9 and R11
represent a hydrogen atom and R10 represents a methyl group; or
[0045] PAG for which R8, R10 and R11 represent a hydrogen atom and
R9 represents a methyl group.
[0046] For a preferred PAG according to the invention, R3
represents a linear or branched C.sub.4-C.sub.12-alkyl group, R8,
R10 and R11 represent a hydrogen atom and R9 represents a methyl
group, p represents a number ranging from 3 to 5, for example 4.5,
while q represents a number ranging from 1 to 3, for example 2.
[0047] For a more preferred PAG according to the invention, R3
represents a linear or branched C.sub.8-C.sub.12-alkyl group, R8
represents a hydrogen atom and R9 represents a methyl group, R10
represents a hydrogen atom and R11 represents an ethyl group. p
represents a number ranging from 3 to 8, for example 5, and q
represents a number ranging from 3 to 8, for example 4.
[0048] More preferably, the PAG of the composition according to the
invention is a block polymer of formula (III) or a random polymer
of formula (III)
##STR00006##
in which: [0049] R3 represents a linear or branched
C.sub.4-C.sub.12-alkyl group, preferably a linear or branched
C.sub.4-alkyl group; [0050] p represents a number ranging from 1 to
30, preferably from 2 to 15 or from 2 to 8; [0051] q represents a
number ranging from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 10.
[0052] As examples of PAG of formula (III), mention may be made of
the products of the Synalox 50-B.RTM. range marketed by Dow
Chemical.
[0053] More particularly preferably, the PAG of the composition
according to the invention is a block polymer of formula (IV) or a
random polymer of formula (IV)
##STR00007##
in which: [0054] R3 represents a linear or branched
C.sub.8-C.sub.12-alkyl group; [0055] p represents a number ranging
from 2 to 6; [0056] q represents a number ranging from 2 to 5.
[0057] The PAG used for the composition according to the invention
may be prepared by reacting at least one alcohol-type initiator
comprising from 1 to 30 carbon atoms with the epoxy bonding of one
or more alkylene oxides and then propagation of the reaction in
order to obtain these polymers. The preferred alkylene oxides are
ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide. Methods for
preparing PAG of formula (IV) are described in International Patent
Application WO-2012/070007 or in International Patent Application
WO-2013/164449.
[0058] More particularly preferably, the PAG of the composition
according to the invention is a block polymer of formula (V) or a
random polymer of formula (V)
##STR00008##
in which: [0059] R3 represents a linear or branched
C.sub.4-C.sub.12-alkyl group, preferably a linear or branched
C.sub.4-alkyl group; [0060] r represents a number ranging from 2 to
60, preferably from 5 to 30 or from 7 to 15.
[0061] As examples of PAG of formula (III), mention may be made of
the products of the Synalox 100-B.RTM. range marketed by Dow
Chemical.
[0062] More preferably, the PAG is a block polymer of formula (VI)
or a random polymer of formula (VI)
##STR00009##
in which: [0063] R12 represents a linear or branched
C.sub.1-C.sub.30-alkyl group, preferably a linear or branched
C.sub.8-C.sub.15-alkyl group; [0064] s and t independently
represent an average number ranging from 1 to 5.
[0065] For a preferred PAG according to the invention, R12
represents a group chosen from a linear C.sub.8-alkyl group; a
branched C.sub.8-alkyl group; a linear C.sub.9-alkyl group; a
branched C.sub.9-alkyl group; a linear C.sub.10-alkyl group; a
branched C.sub.10-alkyl; a linear C.sub.11-alkyl group; a branched
C.sub.11-alkyl group; a linear C.sub.12-alkyl group; a branched
C.sub.12-alkyl group; a linear C.sub.13-alkyl group; a branched
C.sub.13-alkyl group; a linear C.sub.14-alkyl group; a branched
C.sub.14-alkyl group; a linear C.sub.15-alkyl group; a branched
C.sub.15-alkyl group.
[0066] For a preferred PAG according to the invention: [0067] s is
greater than or equal to t; or [0068] s represents an average
number ranging from 2 to 4.5; or [0069] t represents an average
number ranging from 1.5 to 4.
[0070] For a preferred PAG according to the invention: [0071] s
represents an average number ranging from 2.5 to 3.5; or [0072] t
represents an average number ranging from 2 to 3.
[0073] For a preferred PAG according to the invention: [0074] s
represents an average number equal to 2.5 and t represents an
average number equal to 2; or [0075] s represents an average number
equal to 3.5 and t represents an average number equal to 2.8.
[0076] For a preferred PAG according to the invention: [0077] its
kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C., measured according to the
ASTM D445 standard, ranges from 2.5 to 4.5 mm.sup.2s.sup.-1; or
[0078] its viscosity index is greater than 160 or is between 160
and 210; or [0079] its pour point is below -40.degree. C.; or
[0080] its dynamic viscosity (CCS) at -35.degree. C., measured
according to the ASTM D5293 standard, is less than 1,200 mPas.
[0081] Methods for preparing PAG of formula (VI) are described in
application WO-2016/016362.
[0082] Preferably, the PAG according to the invention comprises at
least one butylene oxide unit.
[0083] Preferably, the lubricating composition according to the
invention comprises from 1 to 99.5% by weight of PAG.
[0084] Preferably, the lubricating composition according to the
invention comprises from 1 to 99.5%, preferably from 5 to 80%, for
example from 5 to 70%, from 5 to 60%, from 5 to 50%, from 5 to 40%,
preferably from 10 to 80%, for example 10 to 70%, 10 to 60%, 10 to
50%, 10 to 40%, preferably 20 to 80%, for example 20 to 70%, 20 to
60%, from 20 to 50%, from 20 to 40%, preferably from 30 to 80%, for
example from 30 to 70%, from 30 to 60%, from 30 to 50%, from 30 to
40%, by weight of PAG.
[0085] More preferably, the lubricating composition according to
the invention comprises from 1 to 30%, preferably from 1 to 20%,
more preferably from 1 to 15% by weight of PAG.
[0086] In another more preferred manner, the lubricating
composition according to the invention comprises from 40 to 99.5%,
preferably from 50 to 99.5%, more preferably from 60 to 99.5%, even
more preferably from 70 to 99.5%, advantageously from 80 to 99.5%
by weight of PAG.
[0087] In addition to a PAG, the lubricant composition according to
the invention comprises an anti-wear additive chosen from compounds
of formula (I)
##STR00010##
in which R1 and R2, which may be identical or different,
independently represent a linear or branched secondary alkyl group
comprising from 2 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 6 carbon
atoms.
[0088] In a preferred manner, the anti-wear additive is chosen from
compounds of formula (I)
##STR00011##
in which R1 and R2, identical or different, represent a secondary
C3-alkyl group or a secondary C6-alkyl group.
[0089] More preferably, the groups R1 and R2, which are identical
or different, represent a dimethyl butyl group or an isopropyl
group.
[0090] Even more preferably, the groups R1 and R2, which are
identical, represent a dimethyl butyl group or an isopropyl
group.
[0091] In yet another more preferred manner, the anti-wear additive
comprises a mixture: [0092] of at least one compound of formula (I)
in which R1 represents a secondary C3-alkyl group, while R2
represents a secondary C6-alkyl group, [0093] of at least one
compound of formula (I) in which R1 and R2, which are identical,
represent a secondary C6-alkyl group.
[0094] In yet another more preferred manner, the anti-wear additive
comprises a mixture: [0095] of at least one compound of formula (I)
in which R1 represents a secondary C6-alkyl group, while R2
represents a secondary C3-alkyl group, [0096] at least one compound
of formula (I) in which R1 and R2, which are identical, represent a
secondary C6-alkyl group.
[0097] As examples of compounds of formula (I), mention may be made
of the Lubrizol 1371.RTM. product marketed by Lubrizol.
[0098] Preferably, the lubricating composition according to the
invention comprises from 0.1 to 3%, preferably from 0.1 to 2%, more
preferably from 0.1 to 1% by weight of compound of formula (I).
[0099] In addition to a PAG and a compound of formula (I), the
lubricating composition according to the invention may comprise a
base oil.
[0100] In general, the lubricating composition according to the
invention may comprise any type of lubricating base oil, mineral,
synthetic or natural, animal or vegetable adapted to its use.
[0101] The base oils used in the lubricating compositions according
to the invention may therefore be oils of mineral or synthetic
origin belonging to groups I to V according to the classes defined
in the API classification (or their equivalents according to the
ATIEL classification) (Table A) or their mixtures.
Preferably, the base oil is different from the PAG.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE A Saturated Sulfur content content Viscosity
index (VI) Group I Mineral oils <90% >0.03% 80 .ltoreq. VI
< 120 Group II Hydrocracked oils .gtoreq.90% .ltoreq.0.03% 80
.ltoreq. VI < 120 Group III Hydrocracked or .gtoreq.90%
.ltoreq.0.03% .gtoreq.120 hydro-isomerized oils Group IV
Polyalphaolefins (PAO) Group V Esters and other bases not included
in groups I to IV
[0102] The mineral base oils which may be used for the lubricating
composition according to the invention include any type of bases
obtained by atmospheric and under vacuum distillation of crude oil,
followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction,
desalting, dewaxing with solvent, hydrotreatment, hydrocracking,
hydro-isomerization and hydrofinishing. Mixtures of synthetic and
mineral oils may also be used.
[0103] There is generally no limitation on the use of different
lubricating bases to make the lubricating compositions according to
the invention, except that they must have properties, in particular
viscosity, viscosity index, sulfur content and oxidation
resistance, especially adapted for use for engines or for vehicle
transmissions.
[0104] The base oils of the lubricating compositions according to
the invention may also be chosen from synthetic oils, such as
certain carboxylic acid esters and alcohols, as well as from
polyalphaolefins. The polyalphaolefins used as base oils are, for
example, obtained from monomers comprising from 4 to 32 carbon
atoms, for example from octene or decene, and whose viscosity at
100.degree. C. is between 1.5 and 15 mm.sup.2.s.sup.-1 according to
ASTM D445. Their average molecular weight is generally between 250
and 3000 according to ASTM D5296.
[0105] Advantageously according to the invention, the base oil may
be chosen from Group III oils, Group IV oils and Group V oils.
[0106] Advantageously, the lubricating composition according to the
invention may comprise at least 50% by weight of base oils relative
to the total mass of the composition. More advantageously, the
lubricating composition according to the invention may comprise at
least 60% by weight, or even at least 70% by weight, of base oils
relative to the total weight of the composition. More particularly
advantageously, the lubricating composition according to the
invention may comprise from 50, 60 or 70 to 99.9% by weight, or
from 50, 60 or 70 to 90% by weight, of one or more base oils
relative to the total weight of the composition.
[0107] The lubricating composition according to the invention may
also comprise at least one additional additive. Many additional
additives may be used for the lubricating composition according to
the invention. The additional additives preferred for the
lubricating composition according to the invention are chosen from
detergent additives, different anti-wear additives from compounds
of formula (I), friction modifying additives, extreme pressure
additives, dispersants, pour point improvers, defoamers,
thickeners, and mixtures thereof.
[0108] Preferably, the lubricating composition according to the
invention comprises at least one organic friction modifier chosen
from esters, preferably from mono-esters of polyols, more
preferably chosen from glycerol mono-esters. More preferably, the
organic friction modifier is chosen from the glycerol mono-esters
obtained by esterification reaction between glycerol and a
saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid comprising at least 10
carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 15
to 20 carbon atoms, advantageously 15 to 18 carbon atoms.
[0109] As an example of organic friction modifiers according to the
invention, mention may be made of glycerol mono-oleate.
[0110] Preferably, the lubricating composition according to the
invention comprises from 0.1 to 2% by weight, preferably from 0.1
to 1.5% by weight, more preferably from 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of
organic friction modifiers.
[0111] There is a wide variety of additional different anti-wear
additives from compounds of formula (I).
[0112] Amine phosphates are also anti-wear additives that may be
used in the lubricating composition according to the invention.
However, the phosphorus provided by these additives can act as a
poison for the catalytic systems of automobiles because these
additives are ash generators. These effects may be minimized by
partially substituting the amine phosphates with non-phosphorus
additives, such as, for example, polysulfides, especially
sulfur-containing olefins.
[0113] Advantageously, the lubricating composition according to the
invention may comprise from 0.01 to 6% by weight, preferably from
0.05 to 4% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 2% by weight
relative to the total weight of lubricating composition and
additional anti-wear additives.
[0114] The lubricating composition according to the invention may
comprise at least one inorganic friction modifier additive. The
inorganic friction modifier additive may be selected from a
compound providing metal elements and an ash free compound. Among
the compounds providing metal elements, mention may be made of
transition metal complexes such as Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu and Zn, whose
ligands may be hydrocarbon compounds comprising oxygen, nitrogen,
sulfur or phosphorus.
[0115] Advantageously, the lubricating composition according to the
invention may comprise at least one antioxidant additive. The
antioxidant additive generally serves to retard the degradation of
the lubricating composition in use. This degradation may, in
particular, result in the formation of deposits, the presence of
sludge or an increase in the viscosity of the lubricating
composition.
[0116] Antioxidant additives act, in particular, as radical
inhibitors or destroyers of hydroperoxides. Among the antioxidant
additives commonly used, mention may be made of antioxidant
additives of the phenolic type, antioxidant additives of the amine
type, antioxidant phosphosulfur additives. Some of these
antioxidant additives, for example phosphosulfur antioxidant
additives, may be ash generators. Phenolic antioxidant additives
may be ash-free or may be in the form of neutral or basic metal
salts. The antioxidant additives may, in particular, be chosen from
sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenol esters and
sterically hindered phenols comprising a thioether bridge,
diphenylamines, diphenylamines substituted with at least one
C.sub.1-C.sub.12-alkyl group, and N,N'-dialkyl-aryl diamines and
mixtures thereof.
[0117] Preferably, according to the invention, the sterically
hindered phenols are chosen from compounds comprising a phenol
group in which at least one vicinal carbon of the carbon bearing
the alcohol function is substituted by at least one
C.sub.1-C.sub.10-alkyl group, preferably a C.sub.1-C.sub.6-alkyl
group, preferably a C.sub.4-alkyl group, preferably by the
ter-butyl group.
[0118] Amino compounds are another class of antioxidant additives
that may be used, optionally in combination with phenolic
antioxidant additives. Examples of amine compounds are aromatic
amines, for example aromatic amines of formula
NR.sup.aR.sup.bR.sup.c in which R.sup.a represents an optionally
substituted aliphatic or aromatic group, R.sup.b represents an
optionally substituted aromatic group, R.sup.c represents a
hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a group of formula
R.sup.dS(O).sub.zR.sup.e wherein R.sup.d represents an alkylene
group or an alkenylene group, R.sup.e represents an alkyl group, an
alkenyl group or an aryl group, and z represents 0, 1 or 2.
[0119] Sulfurized alkyl phenols or their alkali and alkaline earth
metal salts may also be used as antioxidant additives.
[0120] Another class of antioxidant additives is copper compounds,
for example copper thio- or dithio-phosphates, copper and
carboxylic acid salts, dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates,
copper acetyl-acetonates. Copper salts I and II, succinic acid or
anhydride salts may also be used.
[0121] The lubricating composition according to the invention may
contain all types of antioxidant additives known to those skilled
in the art.
[0122] Also advantageously, the lubricating composition according
to the invention comprises from 0.5 to 2% by weight of at least one
antioxidant additive relative to the total weight of the
composition.
[0123] The lubricating composition according to the invention may
also comprise at least one detergent additive. The detergent
additives generally make it possible to reduce the formation of
deposits on the surface of the metal parts by dissolving the
secondary oxidation and combustion products.
[0124] The detergent additives that may be used in the lubricating
composition according to the invention may be anionic compounds
comprising a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophilic
head. The associated cation may be a metal cation of an alkali
metal or alkaline earth metal. The detergent additives are
preferably chosen from the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal
salts of carboxylic acids, the sulphonates, the salicylates, the
naphthenates and the phenate salts. The alkali and alkaline earth
metals are preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium. These
metal salts generally comprise the metal in stoichiometric amount
or in excess, therefore in an amount greater than the
stoichiometric amount. These are then overbased detergent
additives; wherein the excess metal bringing the overbased
character to the detergent additive is then generally in the form
of a metal salt that is insoluble in oil, for example a carbonate,
a hydroxide, an oxalate, an acetate, a glutamate, preferably a
carbonate.
[0125] Advantageously, the lubricating composition according to the
invention may comprise from 2 to 4% by weight of detergent additive
relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
[0126] Also advantageously, the lubricating composition according
to the invention may also comprise at least one pour point improver
additive.
[0127] By slowing the formation of paraffin crystals, pour point
improver additives generally improve the cold behavior of the
lubricating composition according to the invention.
[0128] As examples of pour point improver additives, mention may be
made of alkyl polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyarylamides,
polyalkylphenols, polyalkylnaphthalenes and alkylated
polystyrenes.
[0129] Advantageously, the lubricating composition according to the
invention may also comprise at least one dispersing agent. The
dispersing agent may be chosen from Mannich bases, succinimides and
their derivatives.
[0130] Also advantageously, the lubricating composition according
to the invention may comprise from 0.2 to 10% by weight of
dispersing agent relative to the total weight of the lubricating
composition.
[0131] Advantageously, the lubricating composition may also
comprise at least one polymer improving the viscosity index.
Examples of polymers improving the viscosity index include
polymeric esters, homopolymers or copolymers, hydrogenated or
non-hydrogenated, of styrene, butadiene and isoprene,
polymethacrylates (PMA).
[0132] Also advantageously, the lubricating composition according
to the invention may comprise from 1 to 15% by weight of the
polymer improving the viscosity index relative to the total weight
of the lubricating composition.
[0133] Preferably, the lubricating composition according to the
invention is used for the lubrication of an engine, preferably a
vehicle, more preferably a motor vehicle.
[0134] Thus, the present invention also relates to the use of a
lubricating composition according to the invention for lubricating
an engine, preferably a vehicle, more preferably a motor
vehicle.
[0135] More preferably, the present invention also relates to the
use of a lubricating composition according to the invention for
lubricating a vehicle engine, more preferably a motor vehicle.
[0136] The present invention also relates to a method of
lubricating a motor vehicle, preferably a motor vehicle, comprising
at least one step of bringing the motor into contact with the
lubricating composition according to the invention.
[0137] The present invention also relates to the use of a nitrogen
compound of formula (I) to improve the anti-wear properties of a
lubricating composition comprising an oil selected from PAG.
[0138] All the characteristics and preferences relating to the
compound of formula (I) and to the PAG described above apply to
this use.
[0139] The present invention will now be illustrated using
non-limiting examples.
EXAMPLE 1: LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION
[0140] Lubricating compositions according to the invention are
prepared according to Table 1 below (the compositions are given by
weight (g)).
[0141] In the compositions below: [0142] PAG 1: PAG comprising
propylene oxide and butylene oxide units and an OH termination
(corresponding to formula (IV) with p.apprxeq.2.8 and
q.apprxeq.2.2) [0143] PAG 2: PAG comprising propylene oxide and
butylene oxide units and a --OCH.sub.3 termination (corresponding
to formula (VI) with s.apprxeq.3.5 and t.apprxeq.2.8) [0144]
Anti-wear 1 (Lubrizol 1371.RTM. marketed by LUBRIZOL): mixture of
compound of formula (I) in which R1 and R2 represent a dimethyl
butyl group, and of compound of formula (I) in which R1 and R2
represent an isopropyl group [0145] Anti-wear 2 (R03045.RTM.
marketed by RheinChemie): mixture of compound of formula (I) in
which R1 and R2 represent a pentyl group, and of compound of
formula (I) in which R1 and R2 represent a butyl group [0146]
Anti-wear 3 (KT2203.RTM. marketed by Kangtai Lubricant Additives):
compound of formula (I) in which R1 and R2 represent a primary C-8
alkyl group [0147] Friction modifier 1: glycerol mono-oleate [0148]
Friction modifier 2 (Sakuralube 525.RTM. marketed by the company
Adeka): molybdenum dithiocarbamate
TABLE-US-00002 [0148] TABLE 1 Com- Com- Composition 1 parative 1
parative 2 2 3 4 PAG 1 99.5 99.5 99.3 98.5 PAG 2 98.5 99 Anti-wear
1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Anti-wear 2 0.5 Anti-wear 3 0.7 Friction modifier
1 1 1 Friction modifier 2 0.5
EXAMPLE 2: EVALUATION OF ANTI-WEAR PROPERTIES
[0149] This evaluation is based on a procedure based on the ASTM
D2670 standard requiring the use of a FALEX tribometer and whose
test conditions are described below. [0150] test pieces: FALEX
steel [0151] break-in time: 300 s [0152] test duration: 180 min
[0153] break-in load: 445 N [0154] test load: 1335 N [0155] speed:
290 rpm [0156] ambient temperature
[0157] The results are presented in Table 2 and are expressed in
.mu.m; the lower the value obtained, the better the anti-wear
properties of the evaluated composition
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Composition 1 Comparative 1 Comparative 2 2
3 4 Total wear (.mu.m) 63 102 136 26 5 11
[0158] The results show that the lubricating compositions according
to the invention (compositions 1, 2, 3 and 4) have improved
anti-wear properties compared to comparative lubricating
compositions (comparative compositions 1 and 2).
* * * * *