U.S. patent application number 16/162932 was filed with the patent office on 2019-02-14 for method and system for sampling and analyzing organic material.
The applicant listed for this patent is LOGIAG INC.. Invention is credited to Gilles CLEMENT, Michel CORRIVEAU, Christian DEGRACE, Charles NAULT.
Application Number | 20190049387 16/162932 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 55018186 |
Filed Date | 2019-02-14 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20190049387 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
NAULT; Charles ; et
al. |
February 14, 2019 |
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SAMPLING AND ANALYZING ORGANIC MATERIAL
Abstract
A system and a method are provided for sampling and analyzing
organic material, including soil, fertilizer, manure and leaves. A
sample container having porous sidewalls and a unique identifier is
provided. A geographic position corresponding to a location where a
sample was taken is associated with the unique identifier. The
sample container with the sample contained therein is received, and
the sample is compacted while inside the sample container. The
sample is analyzed while inside the sample container using a Laser
Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) system and analysis results
are generated. The analysis results of the sample are associated
with the unique identifier of the sample container.
Inventors: |
NAULT; Charles; (Montreal,
CA) ; DEGRACE; Christian; (Magog, CA) ;
CLEMENT; Gilles; (Eastman, CA) ; CORRIVEAU;
Michel; (St-Denis-de-Brompton, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
LOGIAG INC. |
Sainte-Martine |
|
CA |
|
|
Family ID: |
55018186 |
Appl. No.: |
16/162932 |
Filed: |
October 17, 2018 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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15393680 |
Dec 29, 2016 |
10145801 |
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16162932 |
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PCT/CA2015/050607 |
Jun 29, 2015 |
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15393680 |
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62018874 |
Jun 30, 2014 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01N 1/44 20130101; G01N
33/24 20130101; G01N 1/286 20130101; G01N 2001/021 20130101; G01N
1/04 20130101; G01N 2001/005 20130101; G01N 21/718 20130101; G01N
35/00732 20130101 |
International
Class: |
G01N 21/71 20060101
G01N021/71; G01N 33/24 20060101 G01N033/24; G01N 1/28 20060101
G01N001/28; G01N 1/44 20060101 G01N001/44; G01N 1/04 20060101
G01N001/04 |
Claims
1. A method for sampling and analyzing organic material comprising
the steps of: a) providing a sample container having sidewalls
defining a cavity for receiving an organic material sample therein,
and having a unique identifier associated therewith; b)
associating, on a database, a geographic position with the unique
identifier, the geographic position comprising geographic
coordinates corresponding to a location where the organic material
sample was taken; c) receiving the sample container with the
organic material sample contained therein; d) compacting the
organic material sample while inside the sample container; e)
analyzing the compacted organic material sample using a Laser
Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) system and generating
analysis results; and f) associating, on the database, the analysis
results with the unique identifier of the sample container.
2. The method according to claim 0, further comprising the step of
drying the organic material sample while inside the sample
container below a humidity level of approximately 10%.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein drying the organic
material sample comprises heating the organic material sample
inside an oven at a temperature between approximately 30.degree. C.
and 45.degree. C. for a period of between approximately 2 hours and
48 hours.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein compacting the organic
material sample comprises hydraulically pressing the organic
material sample with a weight of between approximately 15 tonnes
and 30 tonnes.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the organic material
sample contained in the sample container is between approximately 5
grams and 150 grams.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step e), a plurality
of organic material samples are analyzed sequentially as part of a
batch, each of the plurality of organic material samples being
provided in individual sample containers having respective unique
identifiers.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein step e) of analyzing
the organic material sample is performed in less than 60
seconds.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the batch comprises at
least one control sample for calibrating the LIBS system.
9. The method according to claim 6, wherein between approximately
10% and 20% of the organic material samples in the batch are
control samples.
10. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step d), the
plurality of organic material samples are compacted sequentially as
part of the batch.
11. The method according to claim 6, comprising a step of loading
the plurality of organic material samples in a tray, at least one
of steps d) to f) being performed while the organic material
samples are in the tray.
12. The method according to claim 1, wherein step e) comprises a
sub-step of scanning the unique identifier within the LIBS system
prior to performing the analysis of the organic material
sample.
13. The method according to claim 1, wherein analyzing the organic
material sample using the LIBS system comprises shining a laser on
a plurality of different areas on an exposed surface of the organic
material sample.
14. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps
of receiving report preferences from a user and generating a report
summarizing the analysis according to the report preferences.
15. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of
grouping a plurality of sample containers in a sample group box and
mailing the sample group box via a postal service.
16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising the step
of providing the sample group box with a pre-paid postage label for
returning the sample group box to a lab after the sample containers
have been filled.
17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the plurality of
organic material samples is archived while inside the sample group
box.
18. The method according to claim 15, wherein archiving the
plurality of organic material sample comprises storing the
plurality of organic material samples within their respective
sample containers in a climate controlled environment for a period
of at least 6 months.
19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the plurality of
organic material samples is archived while inside the sample
containers.
20. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sample container
provided in step a) has porous sidewalls.
21. The method according to claim 1, wherein the organic material
sample taken in step b) comprises soil.
22. The method according to claim 1, wherein the organic material
sample taken in step d) comprises at least one of: leaves,
fertilizer, and manure.
23. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of
mixing or blending the organic material sample prior to step
e).
24. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of
reducing a particle size of the organic material sample prior to
step e).
25. A system for sampling and analyzing organic material
comprising: a plurality sample containers, each sample container
having sidewalls defining a cavity with an open end for receiving a
corresponding organic material sample therein, and having a unique
identifier associated therewith; a database associating, for each
of the sample containers, a geographic position with the unique
identifier, the geographic position comprising coordinates
corresponding to a location where the corresponding organic
material sample was taken; a press for compacting organic material
samples while inside the sample containers, the press comprising at
least one automated piston sized and shaped for fitting within the
open-end of the sample containers; a LIBS system comprising: a
scanning device to scan the unique identifier associated with each
of the plurality of sample containers; a laser head assembly and a
spectrograph to analyze the compacted organic material samples; and
to generate analysis results; a processor and a memory, the memory
having stored therein instructions executable by the processor to
control the scanning device, the laser head assembly and
spectrograph and; a server comprising a processor and a memory, the
server being in communication with the LIBS system and the
database, the memory having stored thereon instructions executable
by the processor to receive the analysis results from the LIBS
system and associate the analysis results with the unique
identifiers in the database.
26. The system for sampling and analyzing organic material
according to claim 25, wherein the plurality of sample containers
each comprise: a body comprising a base and the sidewalls, the
sidewalls being porous sidewalls extending peripherally from the
base and having a thickness extending between the cavity and an
exterior of the sample container; and a removable lid covering the
open end, the unique identifier being provided in at least one of
the body and the lid.
27. The system for sampling and analyzing organic material
according to claim 26, wherein a thickness of the base supports a
weight of between approximately 15 tonnes and 30 tonnes.
28. The system for sampling and analyzing organic material
according to claim 25, further comprising an oven for drying the
organic material samples while inside the sample containers.
29. The system for sampling and analyzing organic material
according to claim 25, wherein the press is shaped and configured
to receive several of said sample containers at a time.
30. The system for sampling and analyzing organic material
according to claim 25, further comprising a support tray for
supporting the plurality of sample containers, the support tray
comprising cavities sized and shaped for receiving the sample
containers therein.
31. The system for sampling and analyzing organic material
according to claim 25, wherein the support tray comprises: a base
having a top side and a bottom side, the top side being provided
with the cavities arranged peripherally around a central axis; lid
supports extending from the top side of the base adjacent each of
the cavities for supporting the removable lids of the sample
containers peripherally around the central axis, the lid supports
comprising support arms for retaining the lids of the sample
containers in an upright position.
32. The system for sampling and analyzing organic material
according to claim 25, wherein the support tray further comprises a
locking mechanism for retaining the sample containers in the base
of the tray.
33. The system for sampling and analyzing organic material
according to claim 25, further comprising a client device in
communication with the server, the client device comprising a
processor, memory, a scanning mechanism and a geographic position
sensor, the memory having stored therein instructions executable by
the processor to cause the client device to scan the unique
identifiers of the sample containers using the scanning mechanism,
capture geographic position coordinates corresponding to a location
from which a sample in a corresponding sample container was taken
using the geographic position sensor, and transmit the geographic
position coordinates associated with corresponding unique
identifiers for storage in the database.
34. (The system for sampling and analyzing organic material
according to claim 25, further comprising a reusable sample group
box for transporting groups of sample containers to and from a lab,
and for archiving groups of sample containers, the box comprising a
plurality of slots for receiving the group of sample containers and
a lid for enclosing the group of sample containers within the
box.
35. A method for analyzing samples of organic material, the method
comprising the steps of: a) storing, on a database, geographic
positions and unique identifiers, the unique identifiers uniquely
identifying the samples, the geographic positions comprising
geographic coordinates corresponding to locations where the samples
of organic material were taken; b) receiving the samples of organic
material; c) compacting the samples of organic material; d)
analyzing the compacted organic material sample using a Laser
Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) system and generating
analysis results; and e) associating, on the database, the analysis
results with the unique identifiers.
36. A method for analyzing organic material comprising the steps
of: a) receiving a sample of organic material, the sample being
associated with a unique identifier and to a location where the
sample of organic material was taken; b) compacting the organic
material sample; c) analyzing the compacted organic material sample
using a Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) system and
generating analysis results; and d) associating, on a database, the
analysis results with the unique identifier of the sample
container.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application is a continuation patent application
and claims priority benefit, with regard to all common subject
matter, of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/393,680, filed Dec.
29, 2016 ("the '680 application"), now U.S. Pat. No. ______. The
'680 application is a continuation-in-part application and claims
priority benefit, with regard to all common subject matter, of PCT
Patent Application No. PCT/CA2015/050607, filed Jun. 29, 2015,
which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.
62/018,874, filed Jun. 30, 2014. The above-referenced applications
are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] In the agriculture industry, agronomists often have to
establish and follow an agro-environmental fertilization plan when
cultivating a field. Such a plan determines the spreading limits
for fertilizers for a given growing season. In order to best
determine the fertilization needs of a particular area of land, it
is often necessary to analyze soil samples in order to measure pH,
and the concentration of several minerals, such as potassium,
phosphorus, magnesium, aluminum and calcium, among others.
[0003] Current methods for analyzing samples involve four main
steps: (1) collecting a soil sample; (2) transporting the sample to
a laboratory and preparing it for analysis; (3) dissolving the
sample chemically; and (4) analyzing the sample using methods such
as Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
(ICP-OES) or Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS).
[0004] These methods involve many different physical and chemical
operations, both when preparing and analyzing samples. For example,
many samples must be collected from several locations and prepared
for transport to a lab. Next, the samples are subject to a
laborious analyzing process involving drying, grinding, sieving,
extracting and filtering.
[0005] Existing methods are both time consuming and expensive. For
example, these methods require large individual samples
(approximately 500 g) from various parts of a field which must each
be transported to a lab. Once at the lab, analyzing the soil may
require several different tests in order to analyze different
characteristics of the soil. These tests can take a significant
amount of time, making the turnaround time relatively slow.
[0006] In existing methods, there is also a significant risk that
samples can become contaminated and/or confused. For example,
identification information is often hand-written on sample
containers, making identification difficult when the identification
information contains mistakably similar characters, or when it is
written with poor handwriting. What's more, in order to carry out a
test, a portion of a soil sample must be transferred into a
separate test container, creating an opportunity to introduce
contaminants or lose track of a sample.
[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 8,286,857 describes a soil sample tracking
system and method in which soil sample containers are provided with
unique identifiers. The containers are used to temporarily store
the soil samples until they are analyzed. The soil samples must
thus be removed from their containers for analysis, and thus there
is still a risk of mixing or contaminating the different soil
samples.
[0008] These shortcomings have a significant impact on the use of
such methods in practice. For example, due to the costs involved,
many agronomists generally limit sampling to a single sample per
field. This is not ideal, as it does not provide sufficiently
fine-grained information about the soil characteristics of a field,
and thus limits the effectiveness of an agro-environmental
fertilization plan when it is based on that information.
[0009] Some improvements have already been made to the step of
analyzing a sample in the laboratory. For example, soil can be
analyzed using a method known as Laser Induced Breakdown
Spectroscopy (LIBS), such as the method disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
7,692,789. While this technology is an improvement in the lab,
there is yet to be a practical method for using LIBS technology in
the context of gathering several samples of soil from a field and
managing data from the analysis of those samples.
[0010] There is therefore a need for an improved method and system
which reduces costs and simplifies the overall process of sampling
and analyzing soil by leveraging LIBS technology.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] It is therefore an object of the present invention to
provide a method and system for improving the sampling and analysis
of organic material, including the sampling and analysis of soil in
the context of the agriculture industry. Organic material, or
organic matter, encompasses soil, fertilizer, manure, leaves or any
other carbon-based compounds found in natural, engineered,
terrestrial and aquatic environment.
[0012] According to an aspect, a method for sampling and analyzing
organic material is provided. The method includes the steps of:
providing a sample container having porous sidewalls and a unique
identifier; associating, on a database, a geographic position with
the unique identifier, the geographic position corresponding to a
location where an organic material sample was taken; receiving the
sample container with the organic material sample contained
therein; compacting the organic material sample while inside the
sample container; analyzing the organic material sample while
inside the sample container using a Laser Induced Breakdown
Spectroscopy (LIBS) system and generating analysis results; and
associating the analysis results of the organic material sample
with the unique identifier of the sample container.
[0013] In an embodiment, the organic material sample is dried while
inside the sample container below a humidity level of approximately
10%.
[0014] In an embodiment, drying the organic material sample
includes heating the organic material sample inside an oven at a
temperature between approximately 30.degree. C. and 45.degree. C.
for a period of between approximately 2 hours and 48 hours.
[0015] In an embodiment, compacting the organic material sample
comprises hydraulically pressing the organic material sample with a
weight of between approximately 15 tonnes and 30 tonnes.
[0016] In an embodiment, the organic material sample contained in
the sample container is between approximately 5 grams and 150
grams.
[0017] In an embodiment, a plurality of organic material samples is
analyzed sequentially in the LIBS system as part of a batch.
[0018] In an embodiment, analyzing the organic material sample is
performed in less than 60 seconds.
[0019] In an embodiment, the batch includes at least one control
sample for calibrating the LIBS system; between approximately 10%
and 20% of the organic material samples in the batch can be control
samples. In an alternate embodiment, the LIBS system can be
pre-calibrated prior to analyzing the batch.
[0020] In an embodiment, the plurality of organic material samples
is compacted sequentially as part of a batch.
[0021] In an embodiment, the method further includes a step of
loading the plurality of organic material samples in a support
tray, with at least one of the steps of drying, compacting,
analyzing and archiving being performed while the soil samples are
in the support tray.
[0022] In an embodiment, the unique identifier within the LIBS
system is scanned prior to performing the analysis of the organic
material sample.
[0023] In an embodiment, analyzing the organic material sample
using the LIBS system includes shining a laser on a plurality of
different areas on an exposed surface of the organic material
sample.
[0024] In an embodiment, the method further includes the steps of
receiving report preferences from a user and generating a report
summarizing the analysis according to the report preferences.
[0025] In an embodiment, the method further includes the step of
grouping a plurality of sample containers in a sample group box and
mailing the sample group box via a postal service.
[0026] In an embodiment, the method further includes the step of
providing the sample group box with a pre-paid postage label for
returning the sample group box to a lab after the soil sample
containers have been filled.
[0027] In an embodiment, the plurality of organic material samples
is archived while inside the sample group box.
[0028] In an embodiment, archiving the plurality of organic
material sample includes storing the plurality of organic material
samples within their respective sample containers in a climate
controlled environment for a period of at least 6 months.
[0029] In an embodiment, the plurality of organic material samples
is archived while inside the organic material sample
containers.
[0030] In an embodiment, the organic material sample comprises a
soil sample. In other embodiments, the organic material comprises
manure, fertilizer and/or leaves.
[0031] According to an aspect, a system for sampling and analyzing
organic material is provided. The system includes: a plurality
sample containers, each sample container including porous sidewalls
and having a unique identifier associated therewith; a database
associating, for each of the sample containers, a geographic
position with the unique identifier, the geographic position
corresponding to a location where an organic material sample was
taken; a press for compacting organic material samples inside the
sample containers, the press including at least one automated
piston sized and shaped for fitting within an open-end of the
sample containers; a LIBS system and a server. The LIBS system
includes: a scanning device to scan the unique identifier
associated with each of the plurality of sample containers; a laser
head assembly and a spectrograph to analyze the organic material
samples while inside the sample containers; and to generate
analysis results; a processor and a memory, the memory having
stored therein instructions executable by the processor to control
the scanning device, the laser head assembly and spectrograph. The
server includes a processor and a memory. The server is in
communication with the LIBS system and the database, with the
memory having stored thereon instructions executable by the
processor to receive the analysis results from the LIBS system and
associate the analysis results with the unique identifiers in the
database.
[0032] In an embodiment, each of the plurality of sample containers
includes: a body including a base and the porous sidewalls, the
porous sidewalls extending peripherally from the base and defining,
together with the base, a cavity with an open end for containing an
organic material sample; and a removable lid covering the open end,
the unique identifier being provided in at least one of the body
and the lid.
[0033] In an embodiment, a thickness of the base is selected such
that the base can support a weight of between approximately 15
tonnes and 30 tonnes.
[0034] In an embodiment, the system includes an oven for drying the
organic material samples while inside the soil sample
containers.
[0035] In an embodiment, the press is shaped and configured to
receive several of said sample containers at a time.
[0036] In an embodiment, the system includes a support tray for
supporting the plurality of sample containers, the tray including
cavities sized and shaped for receiving the sample containers
therein.
[0037] In an embodiment, the support tray includes: a base having a
top side and a bottom side, the top side being provided with the
cavities arranged peripherally around a central axis; and lid
supports extending from the top side of the base adjacent each
cavity for supporting the removable lids of the soil sample
containers peripherally around the central axis, the lid supports
including support arms for retaining the lids of the soil sample
containers in an upright position.
[0038] In an embodiment, the tray further includes a locking
mechanism for retaining the sample containers in the base of the
tray.
[0039] In an embodiment, the system includes a client device in
communication with the server, the client device including a
processor, memory, a scanning mechanism and a geographic position
sensor, the memory having stored therein instructions executable by
the processor to cause the client device to scan the unique
identifiers of the sample containers using the scanning mechanism,
capture geographic position coordinates corresponding to a location
from which an organic material sample in a corresponding sample
container was taken using the geographic position sensor, and
transmit the geographic position coordinates associated with
corresponding unique identifiers for storage in the database.
[0040] In an embodiment, the system includes a reusable sample
group box for transporting groups of sample containers to and from
a lab, and for archiving groups of sample containers, the box
including a plurality of slots for receiving the group of sample
containers and a lid for enclosing the group of sample containers
within the box.
[0041] According to an aspect, a method is provided for sampling
and analyzing organic material. The method includes the steps of:
(1) collecting samples of organic material; (2) tagging the
samples; (3) grouping a collection of samples; (4) sending the
samples to a laboratory; (5) receiving a collection of samples at a
laboratory and identifying the collection; (6) drying the samples;
(7) compacting the samples; (8) analyzing the samples using LIBS,
or other such technology; (9) generating a report from the analyzed
data; and (10) archiving the samples.
[0042] In an embodiment, the tagging of samples is done using a
unique identifier, such as QR codes. Each tagged sample is further
associated with indicia of source, such as the GPS coordinates of
where the sample originates, or a timestamp indicating when the
sample was taken.
[0043] According to an aspect, a system for containing and
transporting samples is provided. The system includes porous cups
for containing individual samples.
[0044] The cups can have a label affixed to the exterior displaying
a unique identifier, such as a QR code or other tagging method for
identifying the cup. The system also includes a shippable cardboard
box adapted to receive a plurality of cups, such as twelve or
twenty-four of the porous cups. The cardboard box can be further
identified by a unique tag for classification and archiving.
[0045] According to an aspect, a computerized system for managing
samples and manipulating analyzed data is provided. The system
includes at least a server and a client device. The client device
is adapted to read a tagged sample, via the unique identifier for
example, and transmit to the server information to be associated
with the sample. Such information may include, for example, GPS
coordinates, a timestamp, or both, or the results of LIBS analysis.
The server is adapted to gather data collected from the client,
store it in a database, and present it in the form of a report,
which can be accessible via a web browser, for example.
[0046] In an embodiment, one client device may be a mobile phone,
the mobile phone being equipped with a camera, GPS receiver and
mobile data connection. A user scans the QR code of a sample at the
very location it was taken, while the mobile phone registers the
current GPS location and sends this data to the server. A second
client device may be the machine carrying out the sample analysis.
The machine automatically scans a QR code and stores the analysis
information in the server database along with the GPS data.
Information collected by both clients can be combined to generate a
report.
[0047] According to yet another aspect, a system for preparing the
organic material samples for the LIBS analysis is provided. The
system includes a unit for drying the samples, and a unit for
compacting the samples.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0048] FIGS. 1A to 1C contain a flow chart schematically
illustrating the steps in a method for sampling and analyzing
organic material, according to an embodiment.
[0049] FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a sample container for use
in the method of FIGS. 1A to 1C, according to an embodiment.
[0050] FIG. 2B is a perspective view of a container lid for sealing
and identifying the sample container of FIG. 2A.
[0051] FIGS. 2C and 2D are perspective views of the sample
container and lid of FIGS. 2A and 2B assembled together.
[0052] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a computer system for
identifying and tracking organic material samples for use in the
method of FIGS. 1A to 1C, according to an embodiment.
[0053] FIG. 4A is a perspective view of a sample group box for use
in the method of FIGS. 1A to 1C, according to an embodiment, shown
in an assembled and a disassembled configuration.
[0054] FIG. 4B is a perspective view of the sample group box of
FIG. 4A in an open configuration, showing sample containers
supported by a removable group tray.
[0055] FIG. 4C is a perspective view of the sample group box of
FIG. 4A in a closed configuration, showing a configuration of
shipping and identification labels affixed thereto.
[0056] FIG. 4D is a perspective view of a sample group box for use
in the method of FIGS. 1A to 1C, according to an alternate
embodiment where the sample group box accommodates two removable
group trays.
[0057] FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic illustrations of a drying
device useful during the drying step in the method of FIGS. 1A to
1C, according to an embodiment.
[0058] FIG. 6A is a partially transparent front view of a pressing
device useful during the pressing step in the method of FIGS. 1A to
1C, according to an embodiment.
[0059] FIG. 6B is a partially transparent perspective view of the
pressing device of FIG. 6A, showing a sample container support tray
supported therein.
[0060] FIGS. 6C and 6D are detail views of a pressing unit,
according to an embodiment where the pressing unit is provided with
an ejection piston.
[0061] FIG. 6E is a schematic view of a pressing device according
to an embodiment where the pressing device comprises a plurality of
pressing heads.
[0062] FIGS. 7A and 7B are top and bottom perspective views of a
capsule support tray for use in the method of FIGS. 1A to 1C,
according to an embodiment.
[0063] FIG. 7C is an exploded view of the capsule support tray of
FIGS. 7A and 7C.
[0064] FIG. 7D is a schematic of a capsule support tray according
to an alternate embodiment which supports the capsules while inside
a group tray.
[0065] FIG. 8A is a partially transparent front view of a LIBS
system for use in the method of FIGS. 1A to 1C, according to an
embodiment.
[0066] FIG. 8B is a partially transparent side view of the LIBS
system of FIG. 8A.
[0067] FIG. 8C is a cross-sectional view of the LIBS system of FIG.
8B taken along line 8C-8C.
[0068] FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a computerized system
for identifying and analyzing organic material samples for use in
the method of FIGS. 1A to 1C, according to an embodiment.
[0069] FIG. 10 is a schematic illustrating a sample report
generated during the method of FIGS. 1A to 1C.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0070] In the following description, the term "client device"
refers to any electronic device capable of executing computer code
and communicating with a server via a communication channel.
Examples of a client device may include, but are not limited to: a
laptop or desktop computer, a tablet, or a smartphone device. The
term "server" refers to a computing device capable responding to
requests from a client device, by means of a communication channel.
As will be evident in the remainder of the description, the server
carries out a variety of functions. These functions need not be
done on the same physical device, and thus the definition of a
server may also refer to a collection or cluster of computing
devices networked in some fashion.
[0071] What follows describes a preferred embodiment of the present
invention, and provides examples for possible implementations.
These are but one of many ways to implement the invention. For
example, although the system and method are described in the
context of soil analysis, it is appreciated that the system and
method can apply to the analysis of other types of organic
material. As such, the examples provided should not be taken as to
limit the scope of the invention in any way. In the figures, the
same numerical references refer to similar elements. Furthermore,
for the sake of simplicity and clarity, namely so as to not unduly
burden the figures with several references numbers, not all figures
contain references to all the components and features, and
references to some components and features may be found in only one
figure, and components and features of the present disclosure which
are illustrated in other figures can be easily inferred
therefrom.
[0072] A. Method
[0073] Referring to FIGS. 1A-1C, a diagram illustrating the main
steps in the method of the present invention is shown, according to
an embodiment. It should be understood that different steps in the
method can occur in different locations. For example, some steps
can occur on-site where the organic material samples are collected,
and some steps can occur at a lab where the organic material
samples are analyzed. It should be understood that the word "lab"
is use herein to lighten the text. A "lab" can include any location
on site or off site which has the necessary equipment to perform
the analysis of the soil samples.
[0074] The first step comprises sampling. In this step, an
agronomist, or other operator, collects samples of organic material
from strategic locations across an area of land, and places them in
containers which were received from a lab or other entity. In the
present embodiment, the organic material samples comprise soil
samples. Typically, the soil samples are collected manually, for
example with a shovel or a coring tool, or with the help of a
machine adapted to collect samples. In the presently described
embodiment, the samples are stored in containers referred to
hereinafter as "soil sample containers", as their function in this
particular embodiment is to contain soil samples. However, it is
appreciated that the same or similar containers can be used to
contain other types of organic material, such as leave for example,
and can therefore also be referred to as simply "containers" or
"sample containers". In the presently described embodiment, the
containers are porous sample containers. However, it is appreciated
that other types of containers can also be used, such as a sealable
plastic bag for example. The size of the samples can be relatively
small. For example, each soil sample container can contain between
5 grams and 150 grams of soil sample. Once inside the containers,
the samples are tagged according to a predetermined tagging scheme,
preferably indicating where the samples originated. This step of
tagging allows associating soil samples with specific geographic
locations or positions on an area of land from where they were
taken. This can be accomplished, for example, with the help of a
client device and a QR code affixed to the soil sample container.
Preferably, prior to or after filling a soil sample container, a
client device is used to scan a QR code on the container and
capture GPS coordinates, the GPS coordinates corresponding to where
the sample was taken. The QR code and corresponding coordinate
information is wirelessly transmitted and received on a server
where they can be associated in a database. Once tagged, several
samples are grouped together and prepared for shipping. The
individual samples are packed together into a sample group box,
i.e. a larger container suitable for holding a group of multiple
samples, and being adapted for shipping the samples safely. The
group box can also be adapted such that they identify from where
the samples originate, for example by providing a label with client
information. Once prepared, the group box is shipped to a lab for
processing.
[0075] The second step comprises receiving the samples at the lab.
The sample group box is received, and is identified according to
its origin, for example using an identifier such as a QR code
and/or a customer information label. This step is optional since it
is possible to include customer information in the QR code on each
sampling container. Tracking the sample group box when it arrives
in the lab allows tracking the time between receiving a sample
group box and analyzing the samples of the sample group box. When
the group box is identified, the samples contained therein can be
associated with a particular group, for example using the
identifier or customer information. For example, a single group box
can correspond to samples taken at various locations in a single
field. The samples can therefore be associated to a group which
corresponds to the field. The association of individual samples to
a particular group can, for example, be stored in a database on a
server. It should be noted that, in an embodiment, this association
can be made prior to receiving the samples at the lab. For example,
the lab can prepare a group box with several empty soil sample
containers therein, and associate the soil sample containers with a
group prior to mailing the empty soil sample containers to a client
to be filled.
[0076] Once identified, the next steps involve preparing the sample
for analysis. Preferably, the preparation and analysis of the
sample is done in the same container in which the sample was
shipped, for example to reduce the materials used and to avoid
having an extra step of transferring portions of the samples to
different containers. The preparation and analysis can be done with
the sample inside the soil sample container in which it was shipped
or, in some cases, with the sample inside the group box or the
group tray in which it was shipped. In some embodiments, the soil
sample containers can be transferred to a support tray which
supports the samples throughout the preparation and analysis
steps.
[0077] The third step comprises an optional step of drying the
samples in order to prepare the samples for analysis. This can be
done, for example, over the course of 12 to 18 hours at a
temperature of about 37.degree. C. in a drying chamber, such as an
oven or incubator for example. The time and temperature can vary
according to the sample and/or testing conditions. For example, the
drying period can be anywhere between approximately 2 hours and 48
hours, and the drying temperature can be anywhere between
30.degree. C. and 45.degree. C. Drying is done in order to remove
humidity from the samples to avoid leaching of nutrients, or water
seepage in subsequent steps in which the samples are compacted and
analyzed. Such effects can be avoided if, for example, the samples
are dried to a humidity level of about 10% or less. In some
embodiments, the drying step can be accomplished outside of the
lab. For example, the samples can be dried during transport, either
on their own in an ambient environment, or in a climate controlled
area of a transport vehicle. In some embodiments, the soil samples
can be sufficiently dried prior to arriving at the lab, and need
not be dried in the oven or incubator.
[0078] The fourth step comprises pressing or compacting the
samples, for example with the help of a pressing system. In this
step, each sample is compressed under a weight of about 23 tonnes
for several seconds. The soil is compacted to account for the fact
that each sample may contain material with different
characteristics. In order to get a consistent reading from each
sample, they must all have a uniform surface. Compacting the soil
assures that each sample is uniform. The weight applied to the
samples can vary, for example according to the composition of the
soil. In typical embodiments, the soil samples are pressed with a
weight of between approximately 15 tonnes and 30 tonnes.
Preferably, the soil samples are compacted while inside their
sample containers. This provides the advantage of avoiding
transferring or manipulating the soil samples. In an embodiment,
each sample in a group of samples can be compacted one at a time.
In an alternate embodiment, two or more samples of a group can be
compacted simultaneously. Preferably, compacting a group of samples
is automated. For example, the press can be configured to compact a
first sample or a first set of samples, and then move the samples
or the pressing head in order to continue compacting the remaining
samples without manual human intervention. To aid in this task, the
soil sample containers can be loaded in a support tray which allows
the compacting system to more easily manipulate and reposition the
soil sample containers.
[0079] Once compacted, the fifth step comprises analyzing the
samples using a LIBS system. The samples can be analyzed using
known LIBS analysis methods, for example the one disclosed in the
international PCT application no WO 2015/077867. Preferably, the
analysis is done on the samples while they are still inside their
corresponding soil sample containers, and can involve shining a
laser on a plurality of different areas on an exposed surface of
the soil sample (i.e. the uniform surface created during the
pressing step). Preferably, prior to analyzing the sample using the
laser, the unique identifier of the soil sample container is
scanned by the LIBS system. In this fashion, data acquired by the
analysis can be associated with the sample by means of the unique
identifier, for example by transmitting the analysis data to a
server for storage in a database. Preferably, the analysis of a
group of samples is automated. For example, the LIBS system can be
configured to analyze a first sample, and then reposition the
samples or the laser head in order to analyze subsequent samples
without manual human intervention. To aid in this task, the soil
sample containers can be loaded in a support tray which allows the
LIBS system to more easily manipulate and reposition the soil
sample containers. Preferably, each sample in the group is analyzed
in this fashion in 60 seconds or less.
[0080] Preferably, the support tray can be provided with control
samples for calibrating the LIBS system. For example, between
approximately 10% and 20% of the samples being scanned can be
controls. The control samples can be identified by the LIBS system
by unique identifiers on their corresponding soil sample
containers. In an embodiment where a group of sample comprises 12
containers, the support tray can be configured to hold 14 soil
sample containers, 2 of which contain control samples.
[0081] Once the samples are analyzed, a sixth step comprises
generating a report. The report can serve to present the analysis
results. For example, the reports can be that from a single point
of sampling, from all the sampling points, or a summary for a whole
field. Preferably, the report is generated by a server connected to
a database which contains the analysis results and other data
associated with a sample. Preferably, the report can be accessed
over the internet, for example through a web portal by a client or
operator. Preferably, the report cannot be tampered with. In an
embodiment, an agronomic report can be generated where
recommendations are made. In such a report the client can specify
report preferences which can include types of data to include in
the report, and the report can be generated according to the report
preferences. The recommendations can be compiled in a file readable
by a fertilization device, the file providing the fertilization
device with instructions to automatically distribute nutrients in a
field according to the analysis results of the samples and their
associated geographic locations.
[0082] A seventh step, can comprise archiving the samples. The
samples can be archived inside the group box so that they can be
recovered or re-analyzed at a later date. The group box can be
provided with a label on a front surface, for example, so that it
can be easily identified when stacked vertically, thus helping to
save space. Preferably, the samples are stored for a period of at
least 6 months following their analysis, according to ISO 17025
standards. The samples can be archived in a climate controlled
environment, for example to avoid deterioration.
[0083] As can be appreciated, following receipt of the analysis
results and/or recommendations, a fertilization plan can be
developed, and this plan can be executed in order to spread the
appropriate fertilizers to maintain the desired soil profile
depending on the types of crops which are being grown. In an
embodiment, the sampling and analysis described above can be used
in the context of providing a feedback loop in the execution of a
fertilization plan, and can allow for the plan to be adjusted as
necessary. For example, in an embodiment, following the spreading
of fertilizers, the soil can be re-sampled at similar or different
locations, and the samples can be analyzed using the LIBS system in
order to determine if the soil has been properly fertilized. If the
soil still does not have an optimal profile, the fertilization plan
can be adjusted in order to attain the desired results.
[0084] As can be further appreciated, although the method was
described above in the context of soil analysis, it is understood
that other types of organic material can also be analyzed. In some
embodiments, fertilizer or manure can be analyzed in order to
determine their authenticity. In some embodiments, the
above-described system can be used in the context of foliar
analysis. In such an embodiment, foliar samples can be gathered
from plants and placed into sample containers. As described above,
the sample containers can comprise an identifier, and the container
can be associated with GPS coordinates corresponding to the
location where the sample was taken. The samples can be sent to a
lab where a LIBS system can analyze the composition of the foliar
samples. As can be appreciated, such an analysis provides an
indication of the nutrients which were actually absorbed by plants
at the locations where the foliar samples were taken. An excess
and/or deficiency of certain nutrients can be identified, and a
fertilization plan can be developed and executed in order to
correct for the excess and/or surplus. In such an embodiment,
foliar analysis can be used as a feedback loop for fertilization.
This can be useful, for example, in the context of agriculture or
horticulture.
[0085] In some embodiments, the above-described foliar analysis can
be used in combination with the above-described soil analysis. For
example, the soil can be analyzed to develop a fertilization plan
in preparation for cultivating a crop. After the soil is fertilized
and the crops are planted, foliar samples can be taken from the
crops after a determined period of time when the crops have grown.
The foliar samples can thus allow verifying whether nutrients were
properly absorbed by the crops. If any nutrients are missing, the
soil can be re-fertilized accordingly.
[0086] As can be appreciated, different sample containers may be
used depending on the type of organic material being sampled. In
some embodiments, for example where it may be necessary to preserve
the moisture content of the sample, a non-porous and liquid and/or
airtight container may be used. In some embodiments, the container
can be a bag, such as a re-sealable plastic bag, or a vessel which
can be configured to contain a sample comprising fluid. It is
preferred, however, that the containers each have a unique
identifier which can be used to identify the samples and associate
it with GPS coordinates using a mobile device, regardless of the
type of container. Preferably, the containers are configured such
that the samples can be prepared and analyzed using the LIBS while
inside their respective container, however in some embodiments, the
samples can be transferred to another container for performing the
LIBS analysis.
[0087] As can be further appreciated, depending on the type of
organic material being analyzed, additional or alternative steps
can be used to prepare the organic material for analysis using the
LIBS system. As explained above in the context of soil analysis,
soil can be dried and compacted in the sample container prior to
analysis using the LIBS system. However, depending on the nature of
the samples of organic material, other preparatory steps may be
necessary. For example, when the sampled organic material is
coarse, the organic material can be crushed, ground, scrambled,
blended, pulverized and/or mixed, for example to transform the
sample into a more fine-grained and substantially homogeneous
mixture. In some embodiments, the organic material can be dried
prior to mixing and/or blending, while in other embodiments,
moisture can be introduced to the sample to facilitate the blending
of the sample, and the sample can be dried after the mixing and/or
blending. In some embodiments, the sample may be sufficiently dense
and uniform and it may not be necessary to compact the sample prior
to analysis. Compacting the sample can be omitted in some further
embodiments, for example if the sample has a high level of moisture
or is substantially aqueous. Preferably, all the preparatory steps,
including any mixing and/or blending, are performed in the sample
container. However, it is appreciated that in some embodiments,
some preparatory steps can involve transferring the sample to
another container, for example to simplify certain preparatory
steps.
[0088] Some of the preparatory steps described above can, for
example, apply in the context of foliar analysis. As can be
appreciated, in such a context, the samples of organic material can
comprise pieces of leaves. These leaves are substantially large
pieces and may not be suitable for analyzing directly using the
LIBS system. Therefore, in an embodiment, after receiving foliar
samples at a lab, the samples can be dried in a similar fashion as
described above in the context of soil analysis. Next, the foliar
samples can be reduced to a finer granularity, for example they can
be crushed, blended, scrambled and/or mixed, thereby transforming
the sample into a more fine-grained composition which can be
substantially homogeneous. In some embodiments, the fine-grained
sample can then be compacted using a pressing system, and analyzed
using the LIBS system as usual.
[0089] B. System
[0090] i. Soil Sample Container
[0091] With reference to FIGS. 2A to 2D, a soil sample container
200 is provided for use in the above-described method. In the
illustrated embodiment, the soil sample container 200 is a sampling
cup, but other shapes are also possible. The soil sample container
200 is provided with a base 204 and sidewalls 202 defining a
substantially round outer contour and an inner cavity 208. The
inner cavity is sized and shaped for receiving between 5 grams and
150 grams of a sample of soil 210. The upper portion of the cup is
provided with a lip 206, which can serve to receive a lid, or to
provide an abutment to allow the soil sample container to rest
inside a support with a round cavity. Preferably, at least the
sidewalls 202 or the base 204 comprise a porous material 203. The
porous material 203 can be a porous plastic which allows moisture
to exit the container, such as polyethylene for example with pore
size diameters ranging from 7 to 150 micrometers. Preferably still,
the base 204 and sidewalls 202 are sized and shaped so that they
can support between at least 15 tonnes and 30 tonnes. In this
configuration, the soil sample container 200 can be used to contain
the sample 210 during the entire process, including the steps of
drying, compacting and analyzing the sample. This eliminates the
need to transfer the sample to other containers during the analysis
steps, and thus reduces the steps in the overall
collection/analysis process. Of course, other types of materials
are also possible according to varying needs. For example, the cup
could also be made out of a recyclable material. Preferably, the
base 204 and sidewalls 202 are made from the same material, but in
possible embodiments, the base 204 can be made of a different
material which can support a higoorher load.
[0092] The soil sample container 200 can further be provided with a
removable lid 220. The lid 220 comprises a cover portion which can
be provided with a tag or identifier 222, such as a QR code or a
barcode, for example, on an outer surface thereof. According to
different possible embodiments, the lid 220 can be configured to
fit inside the inner cavity 208, or can be provided with a rim 224
so that it fits around the lip 206 of the soil sample container
200. The lid serves to contain the sample 210 inside the container
200, and can also be used to identify the sample using the unique
identifier 222. In the illustrated embodiment, the lid is secured
to a hoop 226 via a flexible joint 225. The hoop 226 comprises a
hole 227 sized to fit the container therein. In this fashion, the
lid assembly can be secured to the container, while allowing the
lid 220 to close by folding the cover over the flexible joint 225
and towards the hoop 226. The lib can also consist of a laminated
membrane which is removably glued to the top edges of the sidewall
of the container. The lid 220 may further be provided with
identification information 228 on the under-side of the cover. In
other embodiments, a unique identifier can be provided elsewhere in
the container or in the cover. For example, a RFID chip can be
affixed to the container or the cover, or embedded therein.
[0093] ii. Computer System for Identifying and Tracking Organic
Material Samples
[0094] Referring now to FIG. 3, a computer system 300 is shown for
identifying samples during the sampling step of the above-described
method, and tracking the samples throughout the remaining steps.
The system 300 includes a client device 302 and a server 320 which
communicate via a communication channel 312. The client device 302
is preferably a mobile device 302' equipped at least with a
processor 304, memory, a scanner 306 and a geolocation sensor such
as GPS 308. The server 320 is equipped with at least a processor
322 and a database 324. The server can be a single computer 320' or
several interconnected computers among which the processor and
database are distributed.
[0095] The client device's scanner 306 can be any type of sensor
which allows the client device 302 to read a unique identifier 222
associated with a sample container. For example, if the identifier
222 is a QR code, the scanner 306 can be an optical sensor or
camera. If the identifier 222 is an RFID chip, the scanner 306
could be a near field communication (NFC) reader. The memory
contains instructions executable by the processor 304 which allow
the identifier 222 on a sample container to be scanned by the
client device 302 using the scanner 306. The unique identifier 222,
along with any other information relating to the sample in the
sample container, such as GPS coordinates, can be transmitted to
the server. The information is transmitted to the server by means
of a communication channel 312, for example over the internet by a
wireless data connection. It should be noted that this information
need not be transmitted immediately. In some cases, for example if
an internet connection is not available when the sample is scanned,
the information gathered by the client device 302 can be stored on
a database local to the client device 302. The client device 302
can transmit the information to the server 320 and/or synchronize
information with the server 320 at a later time, for example when
an internet connection 312 becomes available.
[0096] The server 320, being provided at least with a processor 322
and a database 324, can process the data received from the client
302, and store it for later access. Preferably, the server 320 can
be configured to associate a unique identifier 222 with a sample
and the GPS coordinates. Preferably, this association is stored
within the database 324. It should be understood that, although in
the illustrated figures the client device 302 only collects GPS
information, other information collected by any other sensors on
the client device can also be transmitted to the server and
associated with the unique identifier 222 of a sample. For example,
when scanning the sample, the client device 302 can also measure
the current ambient temperature and record the current date and
time.
[0097] Such a system can provide a simplified mechanism which
allows managing large volumes of samples, and retaining information
about the geographic origin of each sample. It can also simplify
the sampling process by automating the gathering of information
about a sample, such as its GPS coordinates for example. Of course,
during the scanning step, the client 302 can transmit other
information for storing on the server, such as information relating
to the owner of the sample, the operator performing the sampling,
or the field from which the sample was taken. The client device 302
can also generate an order form to request the analysis of the
sample.
[0098] iii. Sample Group Box
[0099] With reference now to FIGS. 4A to 4C, a sample group box 400
(or sample aggregation box) is shown. The sample group box 400 can
serve to collect several sample containers 200 into a single
container for easier transport and storage. The sample group box
400 can therefore be useful in the sampling and reception steps of
the above-described method, when the samples are mailed to a lab.
It can also be useful in the archiving step of the above-described
method, so that the samples can be stored in a space-efficient
manner for future access.
[0100] The illustrated sample group box 400 comprises a closeable
lid 402 and slots 410 configured to receive sample containers 200.
The group box 400 can comprise two separable components: a shell
404 and a group tray 408. The shell 404 comprises the lid 402 and a
cavity 406 adapted for receiving the tray component 408 therein. As
is best illustrated in FIG. 4A, the box can be assembled from flat
pieces of material, such as cardboard. Of course, in other
embodiments, other materials are also possible.
[0101] The closeable lid 402 allows the box 400 to be sealed, and
can thus allow the group box 400 to serve as a container for
shipping a group of samples. The box 400 can further be provided
with labels 412, 413 to simplify the transport and identification
of the box 400. For example, the box 400 can be provided with a
shipping label 413 on a top surface thereof for mailing the box 400
using a parcel delivery service. The box 400 can also be provided
with an identification label 412 on a side surface thereof,
allowing the box 400 to be easily identified when stacked
vertically among other boxes. The identification label 412 could
include a unique identification number, a unique code such as a QR
or barcode, or any other identification means.
[0102] An operator collecting samples can, for example, pre-pay for
a group box 400. Once prepaid, the operator can receive the box 400
with the necessary labels 412, 413 affixed thereto, and with empty
sample containers 200 stored therein. The operator can thus proceed
with sample collection, and ship the box 400 with the samples
contained therein immediately once the sampling is complete. Once
the box 400 has arrived at its destination, which is typically the
laboratory, the tray component 408 can be removed. Subsequent steps
can be performed with the sample containers in the group tray 408,
or by transferring the sample containers to another support. During
the archiving step, the tray 408 can be returned to the shell 404
with the sample containers 200 stored therein. The box 300 can then
be sealed for storage. The box 400 thus serves as a single
container which can be used throughout the collection, analysis and
archiving steps, effectively reducing the need to transfer samples
and simplifying the overall process, all the while keeping groups
of samples together to avoiding contamination or confusion.
[0103] In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 4A to 4C, the box 400
is adapted to fit 12 sampling containers 200 of a single group.
However, this can vary according to other embodiments. For example,
as illustrated in FIG. 4D, the box 400 can be configured to
accommodate 24 or more samples by layering two or more trays 408 on
top of one another. This can allow, for example, for a single box
400 to store sample containers 200 from more than one group, or
store sample containers 200 for a single larger group.
Additionally, according to other embodiments, the box 400 can be
configured differently to satisfy varying needs. For example, the
trays 408 and the shell 404 can be a single unit.
[0104] iv. Drying Unit
[0105] Referring now to FIGS. 5A and 5B, a drying unit 500 is shown
for drying the samples during the drying step of the
above-described method. In the present embodiment, the drying unit
500 is an incubator, but in other embodiments, other types of
drying units are also possible, such as an oven for example.
Preferably, the drying unit 500 comprises a temperature control,
allowing the temperature to be maintained between approximately
30.degree. C. and 45.degree. C. for a period of between
approximately 2 hours and 48 hours. In an embodiment, the drying
unit 500 can be set at a temperature of 37.degree. C. for 12 to 18
hours.
[0106] Preferably, the drying unit 500 is provided with supports,
such as racks or shelves, for supporting sample containers which
are to be dried. During the drying step, the sample containers can
be placed inside the drying unit 500 while inside a support tray
700, a group tray 408, or even a group box 400. The drying unit 500
can be adapted to hold up to 120 or more trays at a time, and can
be adapted to function on 208V 3-phase power.
[0107] v. Pressing System
[0108] With reference now to FIGS. 6A and 6B, a pressing system 600
is shown for use in the pressing step of the above-described
method. In the present embodiment, the pressing system 600 is
provided with two pressing units 602 for simultaneously compacting
samples in two different sample containers 200. It should be
understood that in other embodiments, the pressing system 600 can
be provided with one or a plurality of pressing units 602. Each
pressing unit 602 comprises an automated piston which can, for
example, be driven hydraulically using a motor 606. Each pressing
unit is provided with a pressing head 603 sized and shaped to fit
inside a sampling container and compress a sample contained
therein.
[0109] Preferably, the pressing system 600 is configured to
automatically compact each sample in a group of samples. In other
words, the pressing system 600 can process the samples as part of a
batch. In the present embodiment, the pressing system 600 is
provided with a rotatable stage 608. The stage 608 can be
configured to accommodate a support tray 700 which contains a
plurality of sample containers. In operation, the two pressing
units 602 are operated to simultaneously compact samples in two
sample containers 200 opposite one another in the support tray 700.
Once the first two samples have been compacted, the stage 608 is
rotated, for example automatically using a motor, to position two
subsequent sample containers 200 under the pressing units 602. This
process is repeated sequentially until all the samples in the
support tray 700 have been compacted. It should be understood that
this process can vary according to the configuration of the
pressing system 600. For example, if the system 600 comprises a
single pressing unit 602, the samples can be compacted one at a
time. In another embodiment, such as the one illustrated in FIG.
6E, a pressing unit 602 can be provided with enough pressing heads
603 to press all of the sample containers 200 at once.
[0110] Preferably, the press is configured to apply 23 tonnes of
weight for 15 seconds, but this can vary according to the sample
composition, tolerances of the sample containers, or preparation
requirements. Typically, between 15 tonnes and 30 tonnes are
applied to compress a sample. Additionally, the surface area being
pressed may vary according to other embodiments. For example, the
entire surface of the sample could be pressed, or only a portion of
it.
[0111] With reference to FIGS. 6C and 6D, in an embodiment, each
pressing unit 602 is further provided with an ejection piston 604.
Such a piston is situated below the sampling containers such that
after the contents of the sampling containers have been compressed,
the containers can be ejected from the pressing unit 602 by
engaging the piston 604. Of course, in other embodiments, other
types of ejection devices are also possible in lieu of ejection
pistons 604. For example, this can be done with a burst of air
through the extremities of the pressing units 602. According to
other embodiments, the ejection piston may be located inside the
pressing head 603.
[0112] vi. Support Tray
[0113] With reference now to FIG. 7A to 7C, a support tray 700 is
shown for supporting a plurality of sample containers 200. The
support tray 700 can simplify the above-described method by
providing a means to more easily manipulate and manage a plurality
of samples in several of the described steps. During the
preparation step, each of the sample containers in a group can be
transferred into a support tray 700. The samples can be dried,
compacted and analyzed while the sample containers 200 are inside
the support tray 700. In this fashion, when moving from
machine-to-machine in the various steps in the method, all of the
samples can be moved at once while inside the same support tray
700, effectively eliminating the need to transfer each of the
sample containers 200 individually. What's more, the support tray
700 can act as an interface to aid in automating the steps of
drying, compacting and analyzing. For example, the support tray 700
can be configured to be mounted to a stage within the devices used
in the drying, compacting and analyzing steps, allowing those
devices to more easily manipulate the sample containers without the
need for human intervention.
[0114] The support tray 700 comprises cavities 706 sized and shaped
for receiving sample containers therein. In the illustrated
embodiment, the support tray 700 comprises a base 702 having a top
side 702a and a bottom side 702b. The top side of the base 702a is
provided with the cavities 706 arranged peripherally around a
central axis 716. Lid supports 708 comprising lid support arms
extend from the top side 702a adjacent each cavity 706. The support
arms define a lid slot 710 for receiving and supporting the
removable lids 220 in an upright position peripherally around the
central axis 716. Preferably, the lid supports 708 are configured
to support the lids 220 such that an identifier 222 on the lid 220
faces peripherally outward.
[0115] Preferably, the support tray 700 comprises a locking
mechanism 704 for retaining the sample containers 200 in the base
702. In the illustrated embodiment, the locking mechanism 704
comprises a plate removably affixed to the base 702. The plate fits
over the sample containers while inside the cavities 706 in the
base 702, securing the containers 200 therein. The plate includes
cavities which align with the cavities 706 in the base 702,
allowing access to the open end of the sample containers 200 from
above. A spacer 718 can be provided between the plate and the base
702
[0116] In an embodiment, the base 702 can provide additional
support to the base of the sample containers 200. For example, the
base can include a plate on which the base of the sample containers
200 rest. In this fashion, when the sample containers 200 are
compressed, the weight can be supported by the plate. The base 702
can also be provided with feet 712 for supporting the support tray
700 at an elevation.
[0117] As can be appreciated, the described embodiment of the
support tray 700 allows simplifying the manipulation and
displacement of the sample containers 200 while inside the various
devices used in the steps of the above-described method. For
example, the support tray 700 can be removably mounted to a stage
which allows the support tray 700 to be rotated or displaced within
the devices, allowing the devices to position samples as required
without the need for human intervention.
[0118] In an embodiment, the sample containers 200 can be placed in
the support tray without leaving the group tray in which they were
shipped. Referring to FIG. 7D, an alternate embodiment of a support
tray 750 is shown. The support tray 750 comprises a sleeve 752 and
a handle 754. The sleeve 752 is adapted to receive a single group
tray 408, and is provided with holes 756 aligned above each sample
container 200 in the tray 408, such that the samples are accessible
from above. In the present embodiment, the sleeve 752 is comprised
of metal; however, the material may vary according to other
embodiments. The handle 754 encloses the tray 408 in the sleeve
752, such that the ensemble forms a drawer which can fit inside a
LIBS system or a pressing system, and can be moved as needed along
X and Y axes.
[0119] vii. LIBS System
[0120] Referring to FIGS. 8A to 8C, a LIBS system is shown 800 for
use during the analysis step of the above-described method. The
LIBS system 800 comprises a laser head assembly and spectrograph
802 to analyze samples while inside their sample containers 200, a
scanning device 808 to scan the unique identifier associated with
each sample, and a computing system 801 comprising at least a
processor and memory. The LIBS system 800 also comprises a stage
804 for accommodating a support tray 700. The support tray 700 can
be rotated or displaced using a motor 806 or actuator, for
example.
[0121] In operation, the LIBS system 800 is controlled by the
computing system 801 to identify an individual sample 810 by
reading the unique identifier (i.e. barcode, QR code, etc.) on the
sample container 200 using the scanning device 808. The scanning
device 808 can comprise any type of sensor capable of reading the
unique identifier. For example, if the unique identifier is a QR
code, the scanning device can comprise an optical sensor or a
camera. Once the identifier is scanned, the system 801 can direct
the laser head assembly and spectrograph 802 to perform an analysis
on the sample 810 in the container and generate analysis results.
Preferably, analyzing the sample and generating the analysis
results is performed in 60 seconds or less. Once the analysis of a
sample is complete, the system 801 can operate the stage 804 to
move another sample container 200 into position for analysis. This
can be repeated until each of the samples has been analyzed, thus
allowing all the samples to be analyzed sequentially without manual
human intervention. In other words, the LIBS system 800 can process
the samples as part of a batch. The system 801 can be configured to
only read an identifier if a sampling cup is present in the slot to
be analyzed. If a sample is missing from a particular slot, or if
the sample is up-side down, the system 801 can skip the analysis
for that slot.
[0122] viii. Computer System for Analyzing Samples, Storing Results
and Generating Reports
[0123] With reference now to FIG. 9, an overview of a computer
system 900 for analyzing samples, storing analysis results, and
generating reports is shown. The system 900 comprises the analysis
device 800 (i.e. the LIBS system) and the server 320 in
communication via a communication channel 902. In operation, the
processor 801 in the LIBS system 800 transmits to the server 320
the results from an analysis of a sample, along with the sample's
identification information (read via the scanner 808). The data can
be transmitted to the server via a communication channel 902, such
as over the internet, wide area network or local area network,
depending on where the server 320 is physically located relative to
the LIBS system 800. The server 320 can then store the analysis
information and associate it with the identified sample in the
database 324, along with the information collected about the sample
during the sampling step in the above-described method (such as the
GPS location information).
[0124] The analysis results, tagging/identification information,
and any other information stored in the server's database 324 can
be used to generate a report. A sample of such a report is shown in
FIG. 10. The report may include details about the analysis of a
single sample, or may collect data from several samples to help in
developing an agro-environmental fertilization plan. This report
can be accessed, for example, by communicating with the server over
the internet. In such a fashion, an operator who ordered the
analysis of samples will be able to consult the analysis report by
visiting a web-page on the internet, immediately after the analysis
has been completed. The operator could also specify report
preferences, and the server can use these preferences in order to
generate a report which displays certain information according to
the preferences. Information in the report may include the pH level
of the sample, and the concentration of various minerals such as
potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, aluminum and calcium, among
others. Such information can be presented, for example, by using
tables or graphs. The report can also include indications to
identify the report, in addition to indications to identify the
sample, by using a QR code for example. The report can further
include information for identifying the operator who ordered the
report, information to identify the person who carried out the
analysis, and information relating to how the analysis was
performed.
[0125] As is evident from the present disclosure, the method and
systems described herein provide a streamlined process for
gathering and analyzing soil samples and/or samples of other types
of organic materials. A single container is used to collect, ship,
and analyze samples, eliminating the need to transfer the samples
to different containers several times during the process, as is the
case in the prior art. Additionally, the present invention provides
a solution for using LIBS technology, or the like, in the context
of analyzing soil from many samples, possibly across several
fields, and provides a method to easily manage and access
information relating to the analysis. It further allows analyzing
soil in a fashion which does not destroy the samples, thus
permitting repeated analyses if necessary. Finally, the method and
system provide a simplified means for ordering soil analysis by an
operator. The operator need only order a pre-paid box, tag samples,
and ship the box. Once the analysis is complete, the operator can
immediately consult a report over the internet. This removes a
significant amount of paper from the process, and automates the
organization and management of analysis data.
* * * * *