U.S. patent application number 16/120553 was filed with the patent office on 2018-12-27 for initiator.
The applicant listed for this patent is Excelitas Technologies Corp.. Invention is credited to Daniel Raymond Knick, Paul Thomas Moore, Barry Neyer, Robert Tomasoski.
Application Number | 20180372461 16/120553 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 43061576 |
Filed Date | 2018-12-27 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20180372461 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Neyer; Barry ; et
al. |
December 27, 2018 |
INITIATOR
Abstract
An initiator including a housing adapted to be received in an
igniter or rocket motor, at least one charge at a distal end of the
housing, an electro-explosive device behind the charge for
detonating the charge when subject to a voltage HV, and a pressure
bulkhead behind the electro-explosive device. An electronic
subsystem in the housing is connected to the electro-explosive
device through the bulkhead and includes a lead for providing the
voltage HV to the electro-explosive device to initiate it, and a
switch in the lead which does not conduct if errant voltages are
present on the lead to prevent initiation of the electro-explosive
device until the correct voltage HV is present.
Inventors: |
Neyer; Barry; (West Chester,
OH) ; Knick; Daniel Raymond; (Sarasota, FL) ;
Moore; Paul Thomas; (Cincinnati, OH) ; Tomasoski;
Robert; (Centerville, OH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Excelitas Technologies Corp. |
Waltham |
MA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
43061576 |
Appl. No.: |
16/120553 |
Filed: |
September 4, 2018 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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15352652 |
Nov 16, 2016 |
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16120553 |
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11977068 |
Oct 23, 2007 |
9534875 |
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15352652 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F42B 3/18 20130101; F42B
3/11 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F42B 3/18 20060101
F42B003/18; F42B 3/11 20060101 F42B003/11 |
Claims
1. An initiator comprising: an over voltage protection circuitry
housing; an over voltage protection circuitry configured to be
received within the over voltage protection circuitry housing
comprising: a first lead configured to charge a main charge
capacitor above an EFI threshold voltage; a solid state switch
connected to the main charge capacitor and a gate driver, the solid
state switch configured to be off until driven to conduction by the
gate driver; and the gate driver connected to a second lead,
wherein the gate driver is configured to not drive the solid state
switch to conduction if voltage less than a gate driver operating
voltage is present on the second lead, and the charge voltage on
the capacitor is at or above the predetermined switching voltage of
greater than 500 volts; an electro-explosive device comprising a
first charge and an exploding foil initiator (EFI) in electrical
communication with the solid state switch and the main charge
capacitor at a distal end of the over voltage protection circuitry
housing, the EFI configured to initiate the first charge when
subject to a voltage above the EFI threshold voltage; and an
igniter comprising an igniter housing wall separating the
electro-explosive device from an igniter charge disposed within the
igniter, wherein the gate driver is configured to switch the solid
state switch to discharge the main charge capacitor through the
solid state switch and subject the EFI to a voltage above the EFI
threshold voltage causing detonation of the first charge by the
EFI, and a shock wave resulting from the detonation of the first
charge is configured to detonate the igniter charge through the
igniter housing wall.
2. The initiator of claim 1 further including a housing having
threads configured to be received in the igniter or rocket
motor.
3. The initiator in claim 1 in which the igniter charge includes
two charges in a distal end of the initiator.
4. The initiator of claim 3 in which one charge of the two charges
is the pyrotechnic material and the other charge is a detonating
material.
5. The initiator of claim 4 in which the pyrotechnic material
includes BKNO.sub.3 and the detonating material includes
HNS-IV.
6. The initiator of claim 1 in which the solid state switch is a
MOS Controlled Thyristor (MCT).
7. The initiator of claim 1, wherein: the electro-explosive device
further comprises a pair of electrical pins; and the electronic
subsystem further comprises a pair of sockets configured to receive
the pair of electrical pins.
8. The initiator of claim 7, wherein the pair of sockets are
configured to receive the pair of electrical pins through a
pressure bulkhead.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a divisional application of, and claims
priority to, U.S. application Ser. No. 15/352,652, entitled
"INITIATOR", which was filed on Nov. 16, 2016, which is a
divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/977,068, entitled
"INITIATOR", which was filed on Oct. 23, 2007, the disclosures of
which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This subject invention relates to an initiator.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Initiators are devices including a charge initiated to
ignite or begin the burning of a larger main charge or
propellant.
[0004] Standards such as MIL-STD-1901A include a safety requirement
to the effect that an initiator subject to 500 volts due to an
errant voltage shall not detonate or deflagrate.
[0005] Although various devices for protection against errant
voltages are well known, to date those skilled in the art have
failed to provide a suitable initiator which meets the 500 volt no
deflagration safety requirement. Previous attempts at engineering
such a suitable initiator resulted in undue complexity and
initiators which are difficult to install or incorporate into
existing systems.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a new
initiator.
[0007] It is a further object of this invention to provide such an
initiator which meets or exceeds safety requirements or standard
such as MIL-STD-1901A.
[0008] It is a further object of this invention to provide such an
initiator which is fairly simple in design.
[0009] It is a further object of this invention to provide such an
initiator which does not require any special electronic features
such as low inductance cabling or the like.
[0010] It is a further object of this invention to provide such an
initiator which is easy to install and incorporate into present
systems without significant redesign.
[0011] It is a further object of this invention to provide such an
initiator which is small in size.
[0012] The subject invention results from the realization that, in
one preferred embodiment, a MIL-STD-1901A compliant high voltage
initiator easily fits into existing rocket motors includes
circuitry within the initiator housing which does not conduct if a
voltage of less than 500 volts is present. This subject invention
features an initiator comprising a housing adapted to be received
in an igniter or rocket motor, at least one charge at a distal end
of the housing, an electro-explosive device behind the charge for
detonating the charge when subject to a voltage HV, and a pressure
bulkhead behind the electro-explosive device. An electronic
subsystem in the housing is connected to the electro-explosive
device through the bulkhead and includes a lead for providing the
voltage HV to the electro-explosive device to initiate it. A switch
in the lead does not conduct if errant voltages are present on the
lead to prevent initiation of the electro-explosive device until
the correct voltage HV is present.
[0013] The initiator may include two charges in the distal end of
the housing. One charge is a pyrotechnic material and the other
charge is a detonating material. The pyrotechnic material may
include BKNO.sub.3 and the detonating material may include
HNS-IV.
[0014] The typical electro-explosive device is an exploding foil
initiator. One possible switch is a spark gap. The electronic
subsystem may further include a resistance in series with the spark
gap for limiting current, a capacitance charged by a voltage on the
lead, and a resistance in parallel with the capacitance.
[0015] An initiator in accordance with the subject invention
includes a housing adapted to be received in an igniter or rocket
motor, at least one charge in the distal end of the housing, an
electro-explosive device behind the charge for detonating the
charge when subject to a voltage HV, a pressure bulkhead behind the
electro-explosive device, and an electronic subsystem in the
housing connected to the electro-explosive device through the
bulkhead. The preferred electronic subsystem includes a lead for
providing the voltage HV to the electro-explosive device to
initiate it, and means such as a spark gap device for preventing
errant voltages from initiating the electro-explosive device.
[0016] One initiator in accordance with the subject invention
features at least one charge, an electro-explosive device for
detonating the charge when subject to a voltage HV, and an
electronic subsystem connected to the electro-explosive device
including a lead for providing the voltage HV to the
electro-explosive device to initiate it, and a switch in the
voltage lead which does not conduct if errant voltages are present
on the lead to prevent initiation of the electro-explosive device
until the correct voltage HV is present.
[0017] The subject invention, however, in other embodiments, need
not achieve all these objectives and the claims hereof should not
be limited to structures or methods capable of achieving these
objectives.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Other objects, features and advantages will occur to those
skilled in the art from the following description of a preferred
embodiment and the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0019] FIG. 1 is a highly schematic three-dimensional side view of
an example of an initiator in accordance with the subject
invention;
[0020] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of the
initiator shown in FIG. 1;
[0021] FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing an example of an over
voltage protection circuit for an initiator in accordance with this
invention;
[0022] FIGS. 4-7 are circuit diagrams showing examples of other
possible over voltage protection circuits for an initiator in
accordance with the subject invention; and
[0023] FIGS. 8-9 are schematic cross-sectional diagrams showing
another example of an initiator in accordance with the subject
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0024] Aside from the preferred embodiment or embodiments disclosed
below, this invention is capable of other embodiments and of being
practiced or being carried out in various ways. Thus, it is to be
understood that the invention is not limited in its application to
the details of construction and the arrangements of components set
forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings.
If only one embodiment is described herein, the claims hereof are
not to be limited to that embodiment. Moreover, the claims hereof
are not to be read restrictively unless there is clear and
convincing evidence manifesting a certain exclusion, restriction,
or disclaimer.
[0025] Initiator 10, FIG. 1, in one example, includes housing 12
(typically metal) with three sections. Distal charge section 14
(usually including threads 15) is typically received in an igniter
itself received in a motor. Or, initiator 10 may include an igniter
in which case section 14 would be received in the rocket motor.
Pressure bulkhead 16 separates charge section 14 from proximal end
electronic section 18 which has leads, such as leads 20a and 20b
(e.g., wire or pins). Initiator 10 is in compliance with
MIL-STD-1901A in that if a voltage 500 volts or less is present on
leads 20a or 20b, initiator 10 will not deflagrate as explained
below.
[0026] FIG. 2 shows one preferred design of initiator 10. In this
example, charge section 14 includes output charge 30 (e.g., a
pyrotechnic material such as BKNO.sub.3) and detonating charge 32
(an energetic material such as HNS-IV) behind end wall 33. U.S.
Pat. No. 6,546,837 by the assignee hereof, incorporated herein by
this reference, describes how two such charges can be consolidated,
if desired. An electro-explosive device 34 such as an exploding
foil initiator ("chip slapper") detonates charge 32 when subject to
a high voltage (HV) (e.g. 1200V). U.S. Pat. No. 6,178,888 by the
assignee hereof and also incorporated herein by this reference
discloses barrel connector 35 which may be used if desired as well
as the other components of a preferred exploding foil
initiator.
[0027] Electronics subsection 36 is behind bulkhead 16 within
housing section 18 and is electrically connected to exploding foil
initiator 34 via leads 21a and 21b extending through pressure
bulkhead 16. A glass to metal sealing material as shown at 38 may
be used to seal leads 21a and 21b with respect to the metal
bulkhead material. Leads 20a and 20b are electrically connected to
electronic subsystem 36 though proximate housing closure disk or
end wall 48.
[0028] Electronics subsystem 36 includes means such as a switch
which does not conduct if errant voltages less than 500 volts are
present on lead 20a. This feature renders initiator 10 compliant
with MIL-STD-1901A. Typically, electronic subsystem 36 includes a
circuit board or integrated circuitry for the various circuits and
components of the electronics subsystem.
[0029] In one example shown in FIG. 3, the switch is a spark gap 40
configured to not conduct if a voltage less than 1,000 volts is
present on high voltage lead 20a. Any voltage less than this
breakdown voltage will charge capacitor 42 (e.g. a 0.1 microfarad
capacitor) but will not allow any current to flow to
electro-explosive device 34. Moreover, even if spark gap 40 fails
so the breakdown voltage is less than 500 volts, resistor 46, FIG.
3 (e.g., 10-100 K.OMEGA.) provides a current limit. As shown,
resistor 44 is in parallel with capacitor 42 between high voltage
lead 20a and common lead 20b. Resistor 46 is in series with spark
gap 40.
[0030] Instead of spark gap 40, a solid state switch could be used,
which conducts only when it receives a predetermined voltage level
or a signal. A high voltage zener diode could also be used. Other
switches and related circuitry are known to those skilled in the
art.
[0031] FIG. 4 shows another configuration of an electronic
subsystem with capacitor bleeder resistor 51 that could be printed
on the high voltage capacitor. FIG. 4 also shows a resistor divider
50 in parallel with the bleeder resistor that provides redundant
bleeding as well as providing a scaled down indication of the
charge voltage. Typical for these resistors might be 40 M for R2
and 100 K for R3. FIG. 4 also shows a high voltage diode 52 in-line
with the input voltage.
[0032] FIG. 5 shows another electronic configuration. This
configuration is designed to take a lower AC voltage and multiply
it (by a factor of 2) to arrive at a larger voltage. FIG. 6 shows a
configuration incorporating a high voltage switch Q1 such as a MOS
Controlled Thyristor (MCT). The MCT Q1 is off until driven to
conduction by a gate driver 60. The gate driver 60 requires an
input voltage (FIRE ENABLE) plus a trigger signal (FIRE) to drive
the MCT 60. FIG. 7 shows a similar configuration to FIG. 6, except
that the MCT 60 is automatically switched when the main charge
capacitor Cl reaches a predetermined voltage.
[0033] In this way, the long felt need for a MIL-STD-1901A
compliant high-voltage initiator is realized. The initiator is
easily fitted into existing rocket motors, is fairly simple in
design, and is easy to install.
[0034] FIGS. 8-9 show an initiator 100 in accordance with another
example. Housing portion 102 includes the over voltage protection
circuitry 103 (see FIGS. 3-6). Electro-explosive device 104 with
exploding foil initiator 106 and charge 108 (e.g., HNS-IV) at the
distal end of housing portion 102 and within housing portion 105 is
electrically connected to circuitry 103 via pins 110a and 110b
received in sockets 112a and 112b, respectively, through pressure
bulkhead 114.
[0035] This initiator assembly is received in igniter 116 which
includes charge 118a (e.g., HNS-IV) and charge 118b (e.g.,
BKNO.sub.3). When the proper voltage is applied to exploding foil
initiator 106, charge 108 detonates and the resulting shock wave
through igniter housing wall 120 detonates charge 118a which
detonates charge 118b. In one design, housing portion 102 is
integrated with housing portion 116.
[0036] Although specific features of the invention are shown in
some drawings and not in others, this is for convenience only as
each feature may be combined with any or all of the other features
in accordance with the invention. The words "including",
"comprising", "having", and "with" as used herein are to be
interpreted broadly and comprehensively and are not limited to any
physical interconnection. Moreover, any embodiments disclosed in
the subject application are not to be taken as the only possible
embodiments.
[0037] In addition, any amendment presented during the prosecution
of the patent application for this patent is not a disclaimer of
any claim element presented in the application as filed: those
skilled in the art cannot reasonably be expected to draft a claim
that would literally encompass all possible equivalents, many
equivalents will be unforeseeable at the time of the amendment and
are beyond a fair interpretation of what is to be surrendered (if
anything), the rationale underlying the amendment may bear no more
than a tangential relation to many equivalents, and/or there are
many other reasons the applicant cannot be expected to describe
certain insubstantial substitutes for any claim element
amended.
[0038] Other embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art and
are within the following claims.
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