U.S. patent application number 15/781241 was filed with the patent office on 2018-12-13 for paper machine fabric.
The applicant listed for this patent is Valmet Technologies Oy. Invention is credited to Hannu MARTIKAINEN, Tania RAUTIO, Mari SEPPANEN, Seppo TAIPALE.
Application Number | 20180355555 15/781241 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 58796365 |
Filed Date | 2018-12-13 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180355555 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
TAIPALE; Seppo ; et
al. |
December 13, 2018 |
PAPER MACHINE FABRIC
Abstract
The invention relates to a paper machine fabric that consists of
two layers, a paper-side layer and a wear-side layer. The
paper-side layer consists of the top warps (1) and at least the
binding top wefts (2), which have been adjusted to form a part of
the paper-side surface, and the wear-side layer consists of the
bottom warps (3) and bottom wefts (4). The binding top wefts (2)
have been adjusted to bind the paper-side layer and the wear-side
layer together. Each binding top weft (2) is adjusted so that it
forms a continuous independent yarn path.
Inventors: |
TAIPALE; Seppo;
(Siilinjarvi, FI) ; SEPPANEN; Mari; (Juankoski,
FI) ; MARTIKAINEN; Hannu; (Kuopio, FI) ;
RAUTIO; Tania; (Siilinjarvi, FI) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Valmet Technologies Oy |
ESPOO |
|
FI |
|
|
Family ID: |
58796365 |
Appl. No.: |
15/781241 |
Filed: |
December 2, 2016 |
PCT Filed: |
December 2, 2016 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/FI2016/050851 |
371 Date: |
June 4, 2018 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D21F 1/0045 20130101;
D21F 1/0036 20130101 |
International
Class: |
D21F 1/00 20060101
D21F001/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 4, 2015 |
FI |
20155918 |
Claims
1. A paper machine fabric that consists of two layers, a paper-side
layer and a wear-side layer, where the paper-side layer consists of
the top warps (1) and at least the binding top wefts (2), which
have been adjusted to form a part of the paper-side surface, and
the wear-side layer consists of the bottom warps (3) and the bottom
wefts (4), where the binding top wefts (2) have been adjusted to
bind the paper-side layer and the wear-side layer together,
characterised in that each binding top weft (2) has been adjusted
to form a continuous independent yarn path.
2. A paper machine fabric according to claim 1, where at least one
top weft (2a) has also been adjusted between two adjacent binding
top wefts (2), and it has been adjusted to only bind to the top
warps (1), characterised in that each top weft (2a) and each
binding top weft (2) has been adjusted to form a continuous
independent weft path.
3. A paper machine fabric according to claim 1, characterised in
that the paper-side layer has been adjusted so that it consists of
only the top warps (1) and the binding top wefts (2), where each
binding top weft (2) has been adjusted to bind to the top warps (1)
under two top warps and over two top warps, and each binding top
weft (2) has also been adjusted to bind to each bottom warp (3) in
the pattern repeat.
4. A paper machine fabric according to claim 3, characterised in
that the weave of the bottom wefts is an 8-shaft weave, meaning
that the bottom wefts (4) pass over two bottom warps (3) and under
six bottom warps (3).
5. A paper machine fabric according to claim 3, characterised in
that the ratio of top wefts to bottom wefts is 2:1.
6. A paper machine fabric according to claim 2, characterised in
that the paper-side layer has been adjusted so that it consists of
the top warps (1), the binding top wefts (2) and the top wefts
(2a), where each binding top weft (2) has been adjusted to bind to
the top warps (1) under two top warps and under two top warps, and
each binding top weft (2) has been adjusted so that it binds to
every other bottom warp (3) in the pattern repeat, and where one
top weft (2a) has been adjusted between two adjacent binding top
wefts (2); it binds to the top warps (1) under one top warp and
over three top warps.
7. A paper machine fabric according to claim 6, characterised in
that the wear-side weave is an 8-shaft weave, meaning that the
bottom wefts (4) pass over two bottom warps (3) and under six
bottom warps (3).
8. A paper machine fabric according to claim 6, characterised in
that the ratio of top wefts to bottom wefts is 2:1.
9. A paper machine fabric according to claim 2, characterised in
that the paper-side layer has been adjusted so that it consists of
the top warps (1), the binding top wefts (2) and the top wefts
(2a), where each binding top weft (2) has been adjusted so that it
binds to the top warps (1) under two top warps and over two top
warps, and each binding top weft (2) has been adjusted so that it
binds to every other bottom warp (3) in the pattern repeat, and
where one top weft (2a) has been adjusted between two adjacent
binding top wefts (2); it has been adjusted so that it binds to the
top warps (1) under one top warp (1) and over one top warp (1).
10. A paper machine fabric according to claim 9, characterised in
that the wear-side weave is an 8-shaft weave, meaning that the
bottom wefts (4) pass over two bottom warps (3) and under six
bottom warps (3).
11. A paper machine fabric according to claim 9, characterised in
that the ratio of top wefts to bottom wefts is 2:1.
12. A paper machine fabric according to claim 2, characterised in
that the paper-side layer has been adjusted so that it consists of
the top warps (1), the binding top wefts (2) and the top wefts
(2a), where each binding top weft (2) has been adjusted so that it
binds to the top warps (1) under one top warp and over two top
warps, and each binding top weft (2) has been adjusted so that it
binds to every other bottom warp (3) in the pattern repeat, and
where one top weft (2a) has been adjusted between two adjacent
binding top wefts (2); it has been adjusted so that it binds to the
top warps (1) under one top warp (1) and over two top warps
(2).
13. A paper machine fabric according to claim 12, characterised in
that the wear-side weave is a 6-shaft weave, meaning that the
bottom wefts (4) pass over two bottom warps (3) and under four
bottom warps (3).
14. A paper machine fabric according to claim 12, characterised in
that the ratio of top wefts to bottom wefts is 2:1.
15. A paper machine fabric according to claim 2, characterised in
that the paper-side layer has been adjusted so that it consists of
the top warps (1), the binding top wefts (2) and the top wefts
(2a), where each binding top weft (2) has been adjusted so that it
binds to the top warps (1) under three top warps (1) and over three
top warps (1) and where one top weft (2a) has been adjusted between
two adjacent binding top wefts (2); it has been adjusted so that it
binds to the top warps (1) under two top warps (1) and over three
top warps (1).
16. A paper machine fabric according to claim 15, characterised in
that the wear-side weave is a 6-shaft weave, meaning that the
bottom wefts (4) pass over one bottom warp (3) and under five
bottom warps (3).
17. A paper machine fabric according to claim 15, characterised in
that the ratio of top warps to bottom warps is 5: 3.
18. A paper machine fabric according to claim 2, characterised in
that the paper-side layer has been adjusted so that it consists of
the top warps (1), the binding top wefts (2) and the top wefts
(2a), where each binding top weft (2) has been adjusted so that it
binds to the top warps (1) under one top warp (1) and over three
top warps (1), and each binding top weft (2) has been adjusted so
that it binds to every other bottom warp (3) in the pattern repeat,
and where one top weft (2a) has been adjusted between two adjacent
binding top wefts (2); it has been adjusted so that it binds to the
top warps under one top warp (1) and over three top warps (1).
19. A paper machine fabric according to claim 1, characterised in
that the ratio of binding top wefts (2) to the top wefts (2a) is 1,
>1 or <1.
20. A paper machine fabric according to claim 1, characterised in
that the ratio of top wefts to bottom wefts is 1:1, 1:2 or 2:3.
21. A paper machine fabric according to claim 1, characterised in
that the wear-side weave is between 2 and 16 shafts.
22. A paper machine fabric according to claim 1, characterised in
that the paper machine fabric is a wire used in the wet section of
a paper machine.
23. A paper machine fabric according to claim 1, characterised in
that the paper-side layer consists of top warps (1) and binding top
wefts (2a).
24. A paper machine fabric according to claim 1, characterised in
that in a pattern repeat, the binding top wefts (2) have been
adjusted so that they bind to each bottom warp (3).
25. A paper machine fabric according to claim 1, characterised in
that the binding top wefts (2) have been adjusted so that they bind
to every other bottom warp (3) in a pattern repeat.
26. A paper machine fabric according to claim 1, characterised in
that the binding top wefts (2) have been adjusted so that they bind
to every third bottom warp (3) in a pattern repeat.
27. A paper machine fabric according to claim 1, characterised in
that the ratio of top warps (1) to bottom warps (3) is 1, <1 or
>1.
Description
[0001] The invention relates to a paper machine fabric consisting
of two layers, a paper-side layer and a wear-side layer; the
paper-side layer consists of the top warps and at least the binding
top wefts, which have been adjusted to form a part of the
paper-side surface, and the wear-side layer consists of the bottom
warps and bottom wefts, where the binding top wefts have been
adjusted to bind the paper-side layer and the wear-side layer
together.
[0002] The formation of the paper web starts at the wire section,
where most of the water is removed. When spread on the wet wire,
the pulp consists of approximately 99% water, with the remainder
consisting of fibres and possible fillers and additives. The
quality of the paper is largely determined at the wire section of
the paper machine. For example, the small-scale variations in the
basis weight of the paper, i.e. the formation, the distribution of
fines and fillers and the orientation of fibres, are mainly
determined at the wire section.
[0003] Two-layer paper machine fabric structures, or double-layer
wires, are widely known in the field. These structures have one
warp system and two weft systems. The technology of a double-layer
paper machine fabric has been described in the U.S. Pat. No.
4,041,989, for instance. Owing to the single warp system, the wires
are thin, but also susceptible to breaking. As the dewatering
elements of the paper machine wear down the fabric on the wear
side, all yarns in the warp direction also wear down, and the risk
of the fabric breaking increases. In addition, the wear on the
yarns makes the fabric unstable, which degrades the paper
profiles.
[0004] SSB structures are also known in the field. SSB is an
acronym for sheet support binding. These structures have two warp
systems and three weft systems. One of the weft systems consists of
binding yarn pairs that bind the paper-side and wear-side layers
together and also participate in forming the paper-side layer. The
art of SSB structures is described in the U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,501,303,
5,967,195 and 5,826,627, for instance. Due to the two warp systems,
SSB structures achieve greater wear resistance and improved
stability, compared to double-layer structures.
[0005] In SSB structures, the top weft, on both sides of the
intersection of the binding yarns, presses down the top warp yarns
at the intersection; at the same time, both yarns in the binding
yarn pair descend inside the fabric and do not support the top warp
yarns from below. As a result, the intersections remain under the
surface of the wire, which may cause markings. This has been
described in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,967,195, for instance.
[0006] Internal wear occurs in SSB structures. Internal wear occurs
when the paper-side and the wear-side layers are not connected to
each other closely enough, which results in the layers rubbing
against each other. In SSB structures, internal wear especially
occurs in the intersections of the binding yarns. The movement of
the paper side and wear side against each other causes wear on the
warp or weft yarns above and below the intersection of the binding
yarns. The wear changes the overlap of the layers in the direction
of the warp and the permeability of the paper machine fabric
deteriorates considerably. The wear may be uneven, which means that
the overlap of warp threads may vary over the width of the machine,
causing profile issues in the paper.
[0007] In SSB structures, the layers are bound together with
binding yarn pairs. This means that two binding weft threads are
required to form one continuous weft path. For this reason, the
weft density becomes quite high in denser structures. As a result,
more material is needed to manufacture the product and it becomes
more expensive to manufacture.
[0008] Passing between the top and bottom warps, the binding yarn
pairs in SSB structures also increase the thickness of the wire.
The thickness of the paper machine fabric becomes a problem for
certain types of fast paper machines.
[0009] The purpose of the invention is to create a paper machine
fabric that can eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art. This
has been accomplished by the paper machine fabric of the invention.
The paper machine fabric of the invention is known for each binding
top weft being adjusted to form a continuous independent yarn
path.
[0010] One of the advantages of the invention is that all yarns on
the paper side are independent and form the paper side surface. In
the prior SSB structures, two binding yarns form a continuous yarn
path together. In order to achieve this, the weaving machine must
beat two more wefts in between the warps or, in other words, two
beats of the reed are needed when weaving. In the structure of the
invention, each weft forms an independent weft path. Consequently,
all yarns on the paper side are counted in the density. Therefore,
only one beat of the reed per yarn path is needed in the weaving
machine. This means that each beat of the reed advances the
formation of the fabric, speeds up the weaving and improves the
production efficiency at the weaving mill. As a further advantage,
the bottom warp, bound by the binding top weft, rises up inside the
fabric to an extent, which creates a good binding. It is also
advantageous that the bottom warp, bound by the binding top weft,
does not quite reach the surface of the paper side, which means
that the paper-side surface will not be blocked. In addition, the
straighter the warps are in the final structure, the less the
structure of the invention will stretch due to the tightness of the
paper machine.
[0011] There is less internal wear in the structure of the
invention than in prior art solutions. The benefit is due to the
weft floats of the top wefts binding the structure being shorter
than in normal SSB structures. The binding method of the invention
also reduces internal wear and increases stability.
[0012] In one of the embodiments of the invention, the binding top
weft binds to the bottom warp that rises between the top wefts,
which makes the structure substantially thinner. In some
embodiments with a warp ratio of 1:2, the warp density is lower
than in conventional SSB paper machine fabrics, which means that
the weft density may be increased, so that the long edge of the
openings on the paper-side surface is in the cross-machine
direction to the paper machine; that is, perpendicular to the
direction in which the paper fibres mainly orient when the paper
web is formed. This shape of the opening provides optimal fibre
support and dewatering. In addition, the weft floats of the
invention on the paper side facilitate the detachment of the web at
the paper machine; the thin structure also results in a better
formation compared to prior art solutions.
[0013] The structure of the invention creates a dense structure,
whose thickness corresponds to the thickness of a double-layer
wire, but whose stability corresponds to that of SSB structures.
The invention makes it possible to combine the benefits of a
double-layer wire and the SSB structure, while eliminating their
drawbacks.
[0014] The structure of the invention is thinner than the current
SSB structures, which is a benefit, since a thin wire at the wet
wire section improves the effect of low pressure and dewatering
elements compared to SSB structures. Water removal can be
accomplished more effectively at the paper machine, which reduces
the load of the paper machine. Reducing the paper machine load
makes it possible to increase its speed. This in turn increases
productivity.
[0015] A thin structure is also an advantage when the aim is to
improve the dry matter content of the paper web. The reason for a
poor dry content in thick fabric structures is a large water space
that increases the rewetting phenomenon. Rewetting refers to water
drained from the paper web to the wire being absorbed back to the
paper web in the wire section, after the dewatering elements. When
the paper web is drier as it enters the press section, there are
fewer breaks and the consumption of steam at the press section is
reduced. This saves energy. The increase of dry content by one
percent at the wet wire section may already make it possible to
raise the speed of the paper machine to a new level.
[0016] Unlike in SSB structures, where the bottom warp is thicker
than the top warp, the structures of the invention usually use warp
yarns of the same thickness. This property directly affects the
stiffness of the paper machine fabric in the direction of the warp.
The stiffness of the structure of the invention is low in the warp
direction, i.e. in the running direction of the paper machine
fabric, which allows the structure to conform to the dewatering
elements of the paper machine. This means that water is removed
evenly over the fabric width at the different elements which
results in a good formation.
[0017] It has been found, in the structure of the invention, that
it is advantageous to use polyester in all binding top wefts and
all top wefts, which improves stability and in turn reduces e.g.
internal wear.
[0018] An essential factor affecting the mechanical life of the
fabric on the paper machine is the structure of the bottom side of
the fabric, such as the length of the weft float, the number of
weft yarns and their thickness. In one of the structures of the
invention, the floats on the bottom side form a 12-shaft structure.
This embodiment of the invention enables the necessary longer
mechanical life of the fabric on a paper machine.
[0019] In the following, the invention is described in greater
detail by means of the application examples presented in the
attached figures, where:
[0020] FIG. 1 presents the first embodiment of the invention, as a
view from the paper side,
[0021] FIG. 2 presents the embodiment of the invention, according
to FIG. 1, as a view from the wear side,
[0022] FIG. 3 presents the second embodiment of the invention as a
view from the paper side,
[0023] FIG. 4 presents the embodiment of the invention, according
to FIG. 3, as a view from the wear side,
[0024] FIG. 5 presents the third embodiment of the invention as a
view from the paper side,
[0025] FIG. 6 presents the embodiment of the invention, according
to FIG. 5, as a view from the wear side,
[0026] FIG. 7 presents the fourth embodiment of the invention as a
view from the paper side,
[0027] FIG. 8 presents the embodiment of the invention, according
to FIG. 7, as a view from the wear side,
[0028] FIGS. 9a-9d present the fifth embodiment of the invention as
views in the direction of warp threads, and
[0029] FIG. 10 presents the sixth embodiment of the invention as a
view from the paper side
[0030] FIGS. 1 and 2 show the first embodiment of the invention.
Each top weft forms an independent yarn path. The paper side of the
structure consists of the top warps (1) and the binding top wefts
(2). The binding top wefts (2) bind to the top warps (1) under two
top warps (1) and over two top warps (1). Each of the binding top
wefts (2) binds to a bottom warp (3), and every bottom warp (3) is
bound. The wear side of the structure consists of the bottom warps
(3) and the bottom wefts (4). The wear-side weave is an 8-shaft
weave, meaning that the bottom wefts (4) pass over two bottom warps
(3) and under six bottom warps (3). The ratio of top wefts (2) to
bottom wefts (4) is 2:1.
[0031] FIGS. 3 and 4 show the second embodiment of the invention.
The same reference numbers are used in FIGS. 3 and 4 as in FIGS. 1
and 2 to refer to the corresponding parts. In this embodiment, too,
each top weft forms an independent yarn path. The paper side of the
structure consists of the top warps (1) and the binding top wefts
(2), in addition to the top wefts (2a). The top wefts (2a) are
non-binding top wefts, meaning that the top wefts (2a) are not
bound to the wear-side warps. The binding top wefts (2) bind to the
top warps (1) under two top warps (1) and over two top warps (1).
Each of the binding top wefts (2) binds to a bottom warp (3), and
every other bottom warp (3) is bound. Between each pair of adjacent
binding top wefts (2) is one non-binding top weft (2a), which binds
to the top warps (1) under one top warp (1) and over three top
warps (1). The wear side of the structure consists of the bottom
warps (3) and the bottom wefts (4). The wear-side weave is an
8-shaft weave, meaning that the bottom wefts (4) pass over two
bottom warps (3) and under six bottom warps (3). The ratio of top
wefts to bottom wefts is 2:1.
[0032] FIGS. 5 and 6 show the third embodiment of the invention.
The same reference numbers are used in FIGS. 5 and 6 as in FIGS. 4
and 5 to refer to the corresponding parts. In this embodiment, too,
each top weft forms an independent yarn path. The paper side of the
structure consists of the top warps (1) and the binding top wefts
(2), as well as the top wefts (2a). The top wefts (2a) are
non-binding top wefts, which are not bound to the wear-side warps.
The binding top wefts (2) bind to the top warps (1) under two top
warps (1) and over two top warps (1). Each of the binding top wefts
(2) binds to a bottom warp (3), and every other bottom warp (3) is
bound. Between each pair of adjacent binding top wefts (2) is one
top weft (2a), which binds to the top warps (1) under one top warp
(1) and over one top warp (1). The wear side of the structure
consists of the bottom warps (3) and the bottom wefts (4). The
wear-side weave is an 8-shaft weave, meaning that the bottom wefts
(4) pass over two bottom warps (3) and under six bottom warps (3).
In this embodiment, the ratio of top wefts to bottom wefts is 2:1
and the ratio of top warps to bottom warps is 1:2.
[0033] FIGS. 7 and 8 show the fourth embodiment of the invention.
The same reference numbers are used in FIGS. 7 and 8 as in e.g.
FIGS. 5 and 6 to refer to the corresponding parts. In this
embodiment, too, each top weft forms an independent yarn path. The
paper side of the structure consists of the top warps (1) and the
binding top wefts (2), as well as the top wefts (2a). The top wefts
(2a) are non-binding top wefts, which are not bound to the
wear-side warps. The binding top wefts (2) bind to the top warps
under one top warp (1) and over two top warps (1). Each of the
binding top wefts (2) binds to a bottom warp (3), and every other
bottom warp (3) is bound. Between each pair of adjacent binding top
wefts (2) is one non-binding top weft (2a), which binds to the top
warps (1) under one top warp (1) and over two top warps (1). The
wear side of the structure consists of the bottom warps (3) and the
bottom wefts (4). The wear-side weave is a 6-shaft weave, meaning
that the bottom wefts (4) pass over two bottom warps (3) and under
four bottom warps (3). The ratio of top wefts to bottom wefts is
2:1.
[0034] FIGS. 9a-9d show the fifth embodiment of the invention. The
same reference numbers are used in FIGS. 9a-9d as in the previous
embodiments to refer to the corresponding parts. In this
embodiment, too, each top weft forms an independent yarn path. The
paper side of the structure consists of the top warps (1) and the
binding top wefts (2), as well as the top wefts (2a). The binding
top wefts (2) bind to the top warps under three top warps (1) and
over two top warps (1). Between each pair of adjacent binding top
wefts (2) is one non-binding top weft (2a), which binds to the top
warps (1) under two top warps (1) and over three top warps (1). The
wear side of the structure consists of the bottom warps (3) and the
bottom wefts (4). The wear-side weave is a 6-shaft weave, meaning
that the bottom wefts (4) pass over one bottom warp and under five
bottom warps (3), in such a way that the adjacent bottom warps are
also bound. The bottom weft could also be bound in a 3-shaft or a
12-shaft structure. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 9a-9d, the
warp ratio is 5:3.
[0035] FIG. 10 shows the fifth embodiment of the invention. The
same reference numbers are used in FIG. 10 as in e.g. FIG. 5 to
refer to the corresponding parts. In this embodiment, too, each top
weft forms an independent yarn path. The paper side of the
structure consists of the top warps (1) and the binding top wefts
(2), as well as the top wefts (2a). The top wefts (2a) are
non-binding top wefts, which are not bound to the wear-side warps.
The binding top wefts (2) bind to the top warps under one top warp
(1) and over three top warps (1). Each of the binding top wefts (2)
binds to a bottom warp (3), and every other bottom warp (3) is
bound. Between each pair of adjacent binding top wefts (2) is one
non-binding top weft (2a), which is bound to the top warps (1)
under one top warp (1) and over three top warps (1).
[0036] A common feature of all of the embodiments described above
is that each top weft forms an independent yarn path. The paper
side of the structure also consists of, at least, the top warps (1)
and the binding top wefts (2). The weave of the binding top wefts
(2) with the top warps (1) can vary, as shown in the figures, such
as a 3-shaft or 4-shaft weave, twill, satin, etc. In the pattern
repeat, the binding top weft (2) always binds to at least one
bottom warp. The binding top weft (2) can also bind to the bottom
warps (3) in other ways, such as to every other bottom warp (3) or
every third bottom warp (3). In some applications, there may be
non-binding top wefts (2a) in between the binding top wefts (2).
Their weave can vary, meaning that the weave can be a 2-shaft
weave, twill, satin, etc. The ratio of the binding top wefts (2) to
the non-binding top wefts (2a) may be 1, >1 or <1.
Furthermore, in all embodiments of the invention, the wear side of
the structure consists of the bottom warps (3) and the bottom wefts
(4). The wear-side weave can be twill or satin, for example, but
other weaves are also possible. It is advantageous for the bottom
weft (4) to bind to two adjacent bottom warps (3) and form a bottom
weft loop after this, such as two over/3-14 under, but there are
also other options from 2-shaft up to 16-shaft weaves. The ratio of
top wefts to bottom wefts is 2:1 in many of the embodiments in the
figures, but it can also be something else, such as 1:1, 1:2, 2:3,
etc. The ratio of top warps to bottom warps is 1:2 in many of the
embodiments in the figures, but it can also be 1 (=1), greater than
one (>1) or smaller than one (<1). The top warps can be
located either on top of the bottom warps or between them; for
example, in 1:2 one bottom warp can be directly under a top warp,
while the other bottom warp does not have a pair, or a top warp can
be in the middle of the bottom warps.
[0037] The solutions described above use polyester and polyamide
yarns. Other possible yarn materials include PEN (polyethylene
naphthalate) or PPS (polyphenylene sulphide). The yarns or a part
of the yarns may have a round cross-section or they may be, for
example, profile yarns, where the cross-section is not round, but
rather flat, oval, rectangle, or some other shape. The yarns may
also be hollow, in which case they can flatten in the fabric and
the structure can be made even thinner than before. One
advantageous form of the invention is that all warps are 0.12 mm in
diameter. The warp diameter may also be different; however, top
warps 0.08 mm and bottom warps 0.11 mm. The diameter of the binding
top wefts and the non-binding top wefts may be 0.08 mm. Similarly,
bi-component yarns may also be used. The properties of the fabric
can be influenced by the choice of yarn properties; for example, to
achieve a thinner structure or an even paper-side surface, etc. The
structure of the invention is intended for use as a wire in the wet
section of a paper machine, but the structure can also be used with
e.g. tissue, paperboard and non-woven machines. The structure of
the invention can also be adjusted for use at the press or drying
section of a paper machine.
[0038] The invention is described above by means of different
embodiments. However, the invention is in no way restricted to the
embodiments of the figures, but may naturally be freely modified,
within the scope of the accompanying claims.
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