U.S. patent application number 15/729461 was filed with the patent office on 2018-12-06 for method and device for determining static equivalences of distribution networks.
The applicant listed for this patent is Chongqing University. Invention is credited to Wei Dai, Bo Hu, Linwei Li, Wei Yan, Juan Yu, Xia Zhao.
Application Number | 20180348834 15/729461 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 60219961 |
Filed Date | 2018-12-06 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180348834 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Yu; Juan ; et al. |
December 6, 2018 |
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING STATIC EQUIVALENCES OF
DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
Abstract
A method and device for determining static equivalences of
distribution networks is provided. The method comprises: acquiring
node admittance matrices related to a border node and a
distribution network, power loss and a voltage value and a current
value of the border node; constructing static equivalence
determination conditions for determining static equivalences of the
distribution network, comprising a consistency of sensitivity
equation, a consistency of power loss equation, an equivalent
network power balance equation and a Kirchhoff's current equation;
and calculating static equivalent parameters according to the
static equivalence determination conditions. The inventive method
and device are simple and effective, where the consistency of
sensitivity and power loss before and after equivalence are
considered comprehensively, and where the distributed generators'
voltage and power support characteristics in an active distribution
network are reserved.
Inventors: |
Yu; Juan; (Chongqing,
CN) ; Hu; Bo; (Chongqing, CN) ; Dai; Wei;
(Chongqing, CN) ; Li; Linwei; (Chongqing, CN)
; Yan; Wei; (Chongqing, CN) ; Zhao; Xia;
(Chongqing, CN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Chongqing University |
Chongqing |
|
CN |
|
|
Family ID: |
60219961 |
Appl. No.: |
15/729461 |
Filed: |
October 10, 2017 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H02J 3/46 20130101; G06F
17/16 20130101; G06F 1/28 20130101; G06F 17/11 20130101; G06F
11/3058 20130101 |
International
Class: |
G06F 1/28 20060101
G06F001/28; G06F 17/11 20060101 G06F017/11; G06F 17/16 20060101
G06F017/16; G06F 11/30 20060101 G06F011/30 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jun 6, 2017 |
CN |
201710418918.1 |
Claims
1. A method for determining static equivalences of a plurality of
physical electrical distribution networks for distributing electric
power in power systems, comprising the steps of: acquiring,
executed by a processor, node admittance matrices of a physical
electrical border node and each of the physical electrical
distribution networks of the power systems to distribute the
electric power, a first power loss of the each of the physical
electrical distribution networks, and a first voltage value and a
first current value of the physical electrical border node before a
static equivalence state; constructing, by the processor, static
equivalence determination conditions for determining static
equivalences of the each of the physical electrical distribution
networks, wherein the static equivalence determination conditions
comprise a consistency of sensitivity equation, a consistency of
power loss equation, an equivalent network power balance equation
and a Kirchhoff's current equation; calculating, by the processor,
based on the node admittance matrices, a second power loss, and a
second voltage value and a second current value and according to
the static equivalence determination conditions, static equivalent
parameters of the each of the physical electrical distribution
networks after the static equivalence state; performing, by the
processor, equalization on the physical electrical distribution
networks; and applying, by the processor, the second power loss,
the second voltage value and the second current value to a
transmission network connected to the physical electrical
distribution networks with consistency of sensitivity and power
loss considered for distributing the electric power in the power
systems, thus changing in power injection direction from the
transmission network to the physical electrical distribution
networks being reflected and improving an accuracy of steady-state
analysis of the power systems, wherein the transmission network
comprises a plurality of components including electrical loads,
electrical branches and distribution generators.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of acquiring
node admittance matrices related to a physical electrical border
node and each of the physical electrical distribution networks,
power loss of the each of the physical electrical distribution
networks, and a first voltage value and a first current value of
the physical electrical border node comprises: acquiring node
admittance matrices Y.sub.LL(L{circumflex over (B)})(L{circumflex
over (B)}), Y.sub.LL(LE)(LE), Y.sub.LL(LE)(L{circumflex over (B)}),
and Y.sub.BI, where the Y.sub.LL(LE)(L{circumflex over (B)}) is a
node admittance matrix between non-generator nodes at the physical
electrical border node B, the Y.sub.LL(LE)(L{circumflex over (B)})
is a node admittance matrix between non-generator nodes at external
nodes of the each of the physical electrical distribution networks,
the Y.sub.LL(LE)(L{circumflex over (B)}) is a node admittance
matrix between non-generator nodes at external nodes of the each of
the distribution networks and a non-generator node at the physical
electrical border node B, and the Y.sub.BI is a matrix of the sum
of admittances between the physical electrical border node B and
internal transmission network nodes; and acquiring power loss
S.sub.loss of the electrical physical distribution networks, and a
current value I.sub.B and a voltage value V.sub.B at the physical
electrical border node B.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of
constructing static equivalence determination conditions for
determining static equivalences of the physical electrical
distribution networks comprises: constructing the consistency of
sensitivity equation: 1 Z eq 1 - Z eq 2 Z eq 1 2 + Z eq 1 Z eq 2 =
Y LL ( L B ^ ) ( L B ^ ) - Y LL ( L B ^ ) ( L E ^ ) Y LL ( L E ^ )
( L E ^ ) - 1 Y LL ( L E ^ ) ( L B ^ ) - Y BI , ##EQU00007## where
Z.sub.eq1 is the impedance between the physical electrical border
node B and an equivalent load node L.sub.eq, and Z.sub.eq2 is the
impedance between the L.sub.eq and an equivalent generator node
G.sub.eq; constructing the consistency of power loss equation:
|I.sub.B|.sup.2Z.sub.eq1+|I.sub.Geq|.sup.2Z.sub.eq2=S.sub.loss,
where |I.sub.B| denotes the magnitude of the current value I.sub.B,
|I.sub.Geq| denotes the magnitude of the equivalent generator
current at the G.sub.eq, Z.sub.eq1 is the impedance between the
physical electrical border node B and the L.sub.eq, and Z.sub.eq2
is the impedance between the L.sub.eq and the G.sub.eq;
constructing the equivalent network power balance equation:
I*.sub.BV.sub.B-I*.sub.LeqV.sub.B+I*.sub.LeqI.sub.BZ.sub.eq1+I*.sub.Geq(V-
.sub.B-I.sub.BZ.sub.eq1+I.sub.GeqZ.sub.eq2)=S.sub.loss, where
V.sub.B is the voltage at the physical electrical border node B,
I.sub.Geq is the current at the L.sub.eq, I.sub.Geq is the current
at the G.sub.eq, V.sub.Leq is the voltage at the L.sub.eq, and
V.sub.Geq is the voltage at the G.sub.eq; and constructing the
Kirchhoff's current equation: -I.sub.Leq+I.sub.Geq+I.sub.B=0.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step of
calculating, based on the node admittance matrices, a second power
loss, and a second voltage value and a second current value and
according to the static equivalence determination conditions,
static equivalent parameters of the each of the distribution
networks comprises: based on the node admittance matrices, the
second power loss, and the second voltage value and the second
current value, solving the consistency of sensitivity equation, the
consistency of power loss equation, the equivalent network power
balance equation and the Kirchhoff's current equation to obtain
Z.sub.eq1, Z.sub.eq2, I.sub.Leq and I.sub.Geq, wherein L.sub.eq is
the current at the L.sub.eq, I.sub.Geq is the current at the
G.sub.eq, Z.sub.eq1 Z.sub.eq1 is the impedance between the physical
electrical border node B and the L.sub.eq, and Z.sub.eq2 is the
impedance between the L.sub.eq and the G.sub.eq.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step of
constructing the equivalent network power balance equation further
comprises: constructing a first formula: S.sub.B=I*.sub.BV.sub.B;
constructing a second formula: V.sub.Leq=V.sub.B-I.sub.BZ.sub.eq1;
constructing a third formula: S.sub.Leq=I*.sub.LeqV.sub.Leq;
constructing a fourth formula:
V.sub.Geq=V.sub.Leq+I.sub.GeqZ.sub.eq2; and constructing a fifth
formula: S.sub.Geq=I*.sub.GeqV.sub.Geq; and wherein the step of
calculating, based on the node admittance matrices, a second power
loss, and a second voltage value and a second current value and
according to the static equivalence determination conditions, the
static equivalent parameters further comprises: based on the node
admittance matrices, the second power loss, and the second voltage
value and the second current value, solving the second formula, the
third formula, the fourth formula and the fifth formula to obtain
V.sub.Leq, S.sub.Leq, V.sub.Geq, and S.sub.Geq, where S.sub.B is
the power at the physical electrical border node B, S.sub.Leq is
the power at the L.sub.eq, and S.sub.Geq is the power at the
G.sub.eq.
6-10. (canceled)
11. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions
which, when executed by a processor, cause a device to determining
static equivalences of a plurality of physical electrical
distribution networks for distributing electric power in power
systems, comprising the steps of: acquiring, executed by the
processor, node admittance matrices of an physical electrical
border node and each of the physical electrical distribution
networks of the power systems to distribute the electric power, a
first power loss of the each of the physical electrical
distribution networks, and a first voltage value and a first
current value of the physical electrical border node before a
static equivalence state; constructing, by the processor, static
equivalence determination conditions for determining static
equivalences of the each of the physical electrical distribution
networks, wherein the static equivalence determination conditions
comprise a consistency of sensitivity equation, a consistency of
power loss equation, an equivalent network power balance equation
and a Kirchhoff's current equation; calculating, by the processor,
based on the node admittance matrices, a second power loss, and a
second voltage value and a second current value and according to
the static equivalence determination conditions, static equivalent
parameters of the each of the physical electrical distribution
networks after the static equivalence state; performing, by the
processor, equalization on the physical electrical distribution
networks; and applying, by the processor, the second power loss,
the second voltage value and the second current value to a
transmission network connected to the distribution networks with
consistency of sensitivity and power loss considered for
distributing the electric power in the power systems, thus changing
in power injection direction from the transmission network to the
physical electrical distribution networks being reflected and
improving an accuracy of steady-state analysis of the power
systems, wherein the transmission network comprises a plurality of
components including electrical loads, electrical branches and
distribution generators.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)
[0001] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.
119(a)-(d) to Chinese Patent Application Serial No. 201710418918.1,
titled "A Method and Device for Determining Static Equivalences of
Distribution Networks," filed Jun. 6, 2017, the disclosure of which
is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of
static equivalences of power systems, and in particular to a method
and device for determining static equivalences of distribution
networks.
BACKGROUND
[0003] A distribution network refers to a network for distributing
electric power in power systems. With a great number of distributed
generators and diverse loads and the introduction of novel AC/DC
hybrid distribution network frames, in a distribution network,
there are both generators and loads, rather than only loads. To be
an active distribution network in which the power flows can be two
directions, higher requirements are proposed on the coordination
control level and service quality of distribution networks. A
transmission network is connected with multiple distribution
networks. Since there are a large number of elements such as loads,
branches, distribution generators and sections in the distribution
networks and the transmission network itself is large in size, it
is difficult to intensively and collectively analyze the
transmission network and the distribution networks. Therefore, it
is necessary to perform equivalence on the distribution networks.
In the equivalent method of the distribution networks, the
influences of the complex distribution networks on the transmission
network are retained in a simple equivalent network, so that
important characteristics of the influences of the distribution
networks on the transmission network are reserved while decreasing
the calculation complexity. Accordingly, the accuracy of
steady-state analysis of power systems is improved.
[0004] Existing static equivalent methods for an active
distribution network mainly include a PQ equivalent method, and an
equivalent method of constant impedance, current and load (ZIP
equivalent method). In the PQ equivalent method, distribution
networks are replaced with their equivalent power
injections/extractions. The ZIP equivalent method further considers
the nonlinear characteristics of loads with respect to voltage
changes. However, the existing methods mainly have the following
disadvantages: 1) voltage and power support characteristics of
distributed generators are ignored, and the power injection
direction from a transmission network to a distribution network
cannot be changed, so that a large error is brought to the
steady-state analysis of power systems; and 2) only the consistency
of power flow states before and after equivalence is taken into
consideration, but the consistency of sensitivity and power loss
before and after equivalence are ignored, so the accuracy of
equivalence of the active distribution networks is low.
SUMMARY
[0005] In view of this, a technical problem to be solved by the
present disclosure is to provide a method and device for
determining static equivalences of distribution networks.
[0006] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method
for determining static equivalences of distribution networks is
provided, including the steps of: acquiring node admittance
matrices related to a border node and a distribution network, power
loss of the distribution network, and a voltage value and a current
value of the border node; constructing static equivalence
determination conditions for determining static equivalences of the
distribution network, wherein the static equivalence determination
conditions include a consistency of sensitivity equation, a
consistency of power loss equation, an equivalent network power
balance equation and a Kirchhoff's current equation; and
calculating, based on the node admittance matrices, the power loss,
and the voltage value and the current value and according to the
static equivalence determination conditions, static equivalent
parameters of the equivalent distribution network.
[0007] Optionally, the step of acquiring node admittance matrices
related to a border node and a distribution network, power loss of
the distribution network, and a voltage value and a current value
of the border node includes: acquiring node admittance matrices and
Y.sub.BI, where the Y.sub.LL(L{circumflex over (B)})(L{circumflex
over (B)}) is a node admittance matrix at a border non-generator
node B, the Y.sub.LL(LE)(LE) is a node admittance matrix between
non-generator nodes at external nodes of the distribution network,
the Y.sub.LL(LE)(L{circumflex over (B)}) is a node admittance
matrix between non-generator nodes at external nodes of the
distribution network and a non-generator node at the border node B,
and the Y.sub.BI is a matrix of the sum of admittances between the
border node B and internal nodes of the transmission network; and,
acquiring power loss S.sub.loss of the distribution network, and a
current value I.sub.B and a voltage value V.sub.B at the border
node B.
[0008] Optionally, the step of constructing static equivalence
determination conditions for determining static equivalences of the
distribution network includes: constructing the consistency of
sensitivity equation:
1 Z eq 1 - Z eq 2 Z eq 1 2 + Z eq 1 Z eq 2 = Y LL ( L B ^ ) ( L B ^
) - Y LL ( L B ^ ) ( L E ^ ) Y LL ( L E ^ ) ( L E ^ ) - 1 Y LL ( L
E ^ ) ( L B ^ ) - Y BI , ##EQU00001##
where Z.sub.eq1 is the impedance between the border node B and an
equivalent load node L.sub.eq, and Z.sub.eq2 is the impedance
between the L.sub.eq and an equivalent generator node G.sub.eq;
constructing the consistency of power loss equation:
|I.sub.B|.sup.2Z.sub.eq1+|I.sub.Geq|.sup.2Z.sub.eq2=S.sub.loss,
where |I.sub.B| denotes the magnitude of the current value I.sub.B,
|I.sub.Geq| denotes the magnitude of the equivalent generator
current at the G.sub.eq, Z.sub.eq1 is the impedance between the
border node B and the L.sub.eq, and Z.sub.eq2 is the impedance
between the L.sub.eq and the G.sub.eq; constructing the equivalent
network power balance equation:
I*.sub.BV.sub.B-I*.sub.LeqV.sub.B+I*.sub.LeqI.sub.BZ.sub.eq1+I*.sub.Geq(-
V.sub.B-I.sub.BZ.sub.eq1+I.sub.GeqZ.sub.eq2)=S.sub.loss,
where V.sub.B is the voltage at the border node B, I.sub.Leq is the
current at the L.sub.eq, I.sub.Geq is the current at the G.sub.eq,
V.sub.Leq is the voltage at the L.sub.eq, and V.sub.Geq is the
voltage at the G.sub.eq; and constructing the Kirchhoff's current
equation:
-I.sub.Leq+I.sub.Geq+I.sub.B=0.
[0009] Optionally, the step of calculating, based on the node
admittance matrices, the power loss, and the voltage value and the
current value and according to the static equivalence determination
conditions, static equivalent parameters of the equivalent
distribution network includes: solving the consistency of
sensitivity equation, the consistency of power loss equation, the
equivalent network power balance equation and the Kirchhoff's
current equation to obtain Z.sub.eq1, Z.sub.eq2, I.sub.Leq and
I.sub.Geq, where I.sub.Leq is the current at the L.sub.eq,
I.sub.Geq is the current at the G.sub.eq, Z.sub.eq1 is the
impedance between the border node B and the L.sub.eq, and Z.sub.eq2
is the impedance between the L.sub.eq and the G.sub.eq.
[0010] Optionally, the step of constructing the equivalent network
power balance equation further includes: constructing a first
formula: S.sub.B=I*.sub.BV.sub.B; constructing a second formula:
V.sub.Leq=V.sub.B-I.sub.BZ.sub.eq1; constructing a third formula:
S.sub.Leq=I*.sub.LeqV.sub.Leq; constructing a fourth formula:
V.sub.Geq=V.sub.Leq+I.sub.GeqZ.sub.eq2; and, constructing a fifth
formula: S.sub.Geq=I*.sub.GeqV.sub.Geq; and the step of
calculating, based on the node admittance matrices, the power loss,
and the voltage value and the current value and according to the
static equivalence determination conditions, static equivalent
parameters of the equivalent distribution network further includes:
solving the second formula, the third formula, the fourth formula
and the fifth formula to obtain V.sub.Leq, S.sub.Leq, V.sub.Geq,
and, where S.sub.B is the power at the border node B, S.sub.Leq is
the power at the L.sub.eq, and S.sub.Geq is the power at the
G.sub.eq.
[0011] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a
device for determining static equivalences of distribution networks
is provided, including: an acquisition module configured to acquire
node admittance matrices related to a border node and a
distribution network, power loss of the distribution network and a
voltage value and a current value of the border node; a
construction module configured to construct static equivalence
determination conditions for determining static equivalences of the
distribution network, wherein the static equivalence determination
conditions includes: a consistency of sensitivity equation, a
consistency of power loss equation, an equivalent network power
balance equation and a Kirchhoff's current equation; and, a
calculation module configured to calculate, based on the node
admittance matrices, the power loss, and the voltage value and the
current value and according to the static equivalence determination
conditions, static equivalent parameters of the equivalent
distribution network.
[0012] Optionally, the acquisition module is specifically
configured to acquire node admittance matrices
Y.sub.LL(L{circumflex over (B)})(L{circumflex over (B)}),
Y.sub.LL(LE)(LE), Y.sub.LL(LE)(L{circumflex over (B)}) and
Y.sub.BI, and acquire power loss S.sub.loss of the distribution
network, and a current value I.sub.B and a voltage value V.sub.B of
the border node B, where the L.sub.LL(L{circumflex over
(B)})(L{circumflex over (B)}) is a node admittance matrix at a
border non-generator node B, the Y.sub.LL(LE)(LE) is a node
admittance matrix between non-generator nodes at external nodes of
the distribution network, the Y.sub.LL(LE)(L{circumflex over (B)})
is a node admittance matrix between non-generator nodes at external
nodes of the distribution network and a non-generator node at the
border node B, and the Y.sub.BI is a matrix of the sum of
admittances between the border node B and internal nodes of the
transmission network.
[0013] Optionally, the construction module is further configured to
construct the consistency of sensitivity equation:
1 Z eq 1 - Z eq 2 Z eq 1 2 + Z eq 1 Z eq 2 = Y LL ( L B ^ ) ( L B ^
) - Y LL ( L B ^ ) ( L E ^ ) Y LL ( L E ^ ) ( L E ^ ) - 1 Y LL ( L
E ^ ) ( L B ^ ) - Y BI , ##EQU00002##
where Z.sub.eq1 is the impedance between the border node B and an
equivalent load node L.sub.eq, and Z.sub.eq2 is the impedance
between the L.sub.eq and an equivalent generator node G.sub.eq; the
construction module is further configured to construct the
consistency of power loss equation:
|I.sub.B|.sup.2Z.sub.eq1+|I.sub.Geq|.sup.2Z.sub.eq2=S.sub.loss,
where |I.sub.B| denotes the magnitude of the current value I.sub.B,
|I.sub.Geq| denotes the magnitude of the equivalent generator
current at the G.sub.eq, Z.sub.eq1 is the impedance between the
border node B and the L.sub.eq, and Z.sub.eq2 is the impedance
between the L.sub.eq and the G.sub.eq. The construction module is
further configured to construct the equivalent network power
balance equation:
I*.sub.BV.sub.B-I*.sub.LeqV.sub.B+I*.sub.LeqI.sub.BZ.sub.eq1+I*.sub.Geq(-
V.sub.B-I.sub.BZ.sub.eq1+I.sub.GeqZ.sub.eq2)=S.sub.loss,
where V.sub.B is the voltage at the border node B, I.sub.Leq is the
current at the L.sub.eq, I.sub.Leq is the current at the G.sub.eq,
V.sub.Leq is the voltage at the L.sub.eq, and V.sub.Geq is the
voltage at the G.sub.eq. Moreover, the construction module is
further configured to construct the Kirchhoff's current
equation:
-I.sub.Leq+I.sub.Geq+I.sub.B=0
[0014] Optionally, the calculation module is further configured to,
based on the node admittance matrices, the power loss, and the
voltage value and the current value, solve the consistency of
sensitivity equation, the consistency of power loss equation, the
equivalent network power balance equation and the Kirchhoff's
current equation to obtain Z.sub.eq1, Z.sub.eq2, I.sub.Leq and
I.sub.Geq.
[0015] Optionally, the construction module is further configured to
construct a first formula: S.sub.B=I*.sub.BV.sub.B; construct a
second formula: V.sub.eq=V.sub.B-I.sub.BZ.sub.eq1; construct a
third formula: S.sub.Leq=I*.sub.LeqV.sub.Leq; construct a fourth
formula: V.sub.Geq=V.sub.Leq+I.sub.GeqZ.sub.eq2; and, construct a
fifth formula: S.sub.Geq=I*.sub.GeqV.sub.Geq; and the calculation
module is further configured, based on the node admittance
matrices, the power loss, and the voltage value and the current
value, to solve the second formula, the third formula, the fourth
formula and the fifth formula to obtain V.sub.Leq, S.sub.Leq,
V.sub.Geq, and S.sub.Geq, where S.sub.B is the power at the border
node B, S.sub.Leq is the power at the L.sub.eq, and S.sub.Geq is
the power at the G.sub.eq.
[0016] In the method and device for determining static equivalences
of distribution networks, by acquiring node admittance matrices,
power loss, and voltage and current of a border node before
equivalence, constructing a consistency of sensitivity equation, a
consistency of power loss equation, an equivalent network power
balance equation and a Kirchhoff's current equation, and solving
the equations to obtain equivalent parameters. The invented method
and device are simple and effective, the consistency of sensitivity
and the consistency of power loss before and after equivalence are
considered comprehensively, and the distributed generators' voltage
and power support characteristics in an active distribution network
are reserved. Accordingly, the change in power injection direction
from a transmission network to the active distribution network can
be reflected, and the accuracy of steady-state analysis of power
systems is improved.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0017] To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of
the present disclosure more clearly, the accompanying drawings to
be used in the descriptions of the embodiments will be briefly
described below. Apparently, the accompanying drawings described
hereinafter are some of embodiments of the present disclosure, and
a person of ordinary skill in the art can obtain other accompanying
drawings according to these drawings without any creative
effort.
[0018] FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a method
for determining static equivalences of distribution networks
according to the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent network of an
active distribution network having or supporting distributed
generators;
[0020] FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic diagrams of nodes of a
transmission network and an active distribution network; and
[0021] FIG. 4 is a schematic module diagram of an embodiment of a
device for determining static equivalences of distribution networks
according to the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] The present disclosure will be described below more
completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and
exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will also be
described. The technical solutions in the embodiments of the
present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below
with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of
the present disclosure. Apparently, the embodiments described
herein are merely a part but not all of the embodiments of the
present disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by a person of
ordinary skill in the art without any creative effort on the basis
of the embodiments in the present disclosure shall fall into the
protection scope of the present disclosure. The technical solutions
of the present disclosure will be described below in various
aspects with reference to the accompanying drawings and
embodiments.
[0023] The terms such as "first" or "second" used hereinafter are
merely for distinguishing in description, and have no other special
meanings.
[0024] FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a method
for determining static equivalences of distribution networks
according to the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1, the method
includes the following steps.
[0025] Step 101: Node admittance matrices related to a border node
and a distribution network are acquired, and power loss of the
distribution network and a voltage value and a current value of the
border node are acquired.
[0026] As shown in FIG. 2, a border node B in an active
distribution network is determined, and node matrices
Y.sub.LL(L{circumflex over (B)})(L{circumflex over (B)}),
Y.sub.LL(LE)(LE), Y.sub.LL(LE)(L{circumflex over (B)}) and Y.sub.BI
of the distribution network before equivalence, power loss
S.sub.loss of the distribution network before equivalence, and the
current I.sub.B and voltage V.sub.B of the border node are
acquired, where Y.sub.LL(L{circumflex over (B)})(L{circumflex over
(B)}) is a node admittance matrix at a border non-generator node,
Y.sub.LL(LE)(LE) is a node admittance matrix between non-generator
nodes at external nodes of the distribution network,
Y.sub.LL(LE)(L{circumflex over (B)}) is a node admittance matrix
between non-generator nodes at external nodes of the distribution
network and a non-generator node at the border node, and Y.sub.BI
is the sum of admittances between the border node and internal
transmission network nodes.
[0027] Step 102: Static equivalence determination conditions for
determining static equivalences of distribution networks are
constructed, wherein the static equivalence determination
conditions include a consistency of sensitivity equation, a
consistency of power loss equation, an equivalent network power
balance equation, a Kirchhoff's current equation and the like.
[0028] The equation of the consistency of sensitivity before and
after equivalence is constructed as follows:
1 Z eq 1 - Z eq 2 Z eq 1 2 + Z eq 1 Z eq 2 = Y LL ( L B ^ ) ( L B ^
) - Y LL ( L B ^ ) ( L E ^ ) Y LL ( L E ^ ) ( L E ^ ) - 1 Y LL ( L
E ^ ) ( L B ^ ) - Y BI , ( 1 ) ##EQU00003##
where Y.sub.LL(L{circumflex over (B)})(L{circumflex over (B)}) is a
node admittance matrix at a border non-generator node,
Y.sub.LL(LE)(LE) is a node admittance matrix between non-generator
nodes at external nodes of the distribution network,
Y.sub.LL(LE)(L{circumflex over (B)}) is a node admittance matrix
between non-generator nodes at external nodes of the distribution
network and a non-generator node at the border node, and Y.sub.BI
is the sum of admittances between the border node and internal
transmission network nodes. The Z.sub.eq2 is the impedance between
the border node B and an equivalent load node L.sub.eq, and
Z.sub.eq2 is the impedance between the L.sub.eq and an equivalent
generator node G.sub.eq.
[0029] The equation of the consistency of power loss before and
after equivalence is constructed as follows:
|I.sub.B|.sup.2Z.sub.eq1+|I.sub.Geq|.sup.2Z.sub.eq2=S.sub.loss
(2),
where |I.sub.B| denotes the magnitude of the current I.sub.B at the
border node, |I.sub.Geq| denotes the magnitude of the equivalent
generator current at the node G.sub.eq, Z.sub.eq1 is the impedance
between the node B and the node L.sub.eq, Z.sub.eq2 is the
impedance between the node L.sub.eq and the node G.sub.eq, and
S.sub.loss is the power loss of the distribution network before
equivalence.
[0030] The equivalent network power balance equation is constructed
as follows:
S.sub.B-S.sub.Leq+S.sub.Geq-S.sub.loss=0 (3);
S.sub.B=I*.sub.BV.sub.B (4);
V.sub.Leq=V.sub.B-I.sub.BZ.sub.eq1 (5);
S.sub.Leq=I*.sub.LeqV.sub.Leq (6);
V.sub.Geq=V.sub.Leq+I.sub.GeqZ.sub.eq2 (7);
S.sub.Geq=I*.sub.GeqV.sub.Geq (8);
I*.sub.BV.sub.B-I*.sub.LeqV.sub.B+I*.sub.LeqI.sub.BZ.sub.eq1+I*.sub.Geq(-
V.sub.B-I.sub.BZ.sub.eq1+I.sub.GeqZ.sub.eq2)=S.sub.loss (9).
[0031] The equations (4) to (8) are substituted into (3) to
construct the equivalent network power balance equation (9),
wherein, S.sub.B, I.sub.B and V.sub.B are the power, current and
voltage at the border node B, S.sub.Leq is the power at an
equivalent load node L.sub.eq, S.sub.Geq is the power at an
equivalent generator node G.sub.eq, I.sub.Leq is the current at the
equivalent load node L.sub.eq, I.sub.Geq is the current at the
equivalent generator node G.sub.eq, V.sub.Leq is the voltage at the
equivalent load node L.sub.eq, V.sub.Geq is the voltage at the
equivalent generator node G.sub.eq, Z.sub.eq1 is the impedance
between the node B and the node L.sub.eq, and Z.sub.eq2 is the
impedance between the node L.sub.eq and the node G.sub.eq.
S.sub.loss is the power loss of the distribution network before
equivalence. Wherein, (*).sup.* denotes the conjugate operation of
(*).
[0032] The Kirchhoff's current equation is constructed as
follows:
-I.sub.Leq+I.sub.Geq+I.sub.B=0 (10).
[0033] The formula (10) is the Kirchhoff's current equation at the
equivalent load node, where I.sub.B is the current at the border
node B, I.sub.Leq is the current at the equivalent load node
L.sub.eq, and I.sub.Geq is the current at the equivalent generator
node G.sub.eq.
[0034] Step 103: Based on the node admittance matrices, the power
loss, and the voltage value and the current value and according to
the static equivalence determination conditions, static equivalent
parameters of the equivalent distribution network are
calculated.
[0035] By using the input data acquired in the step 101, four
non-linear equations are constructed according to the formulae (1),
(2), (9) and (10); and, by using a method for solving the
non-linear equations, four unknown quantities Z.sub.eq1, Z.sub.eq2,
I.sub.Leq and I.sub.Geq can be solved, where I.sub.Leq is the
current at the equivalent load node L.sub.eq, I.sub.Geq is the
current at the equivalent generator node G.sub.eq, Z.sub.eq1 is the
impedance between the node B and the node L.sub.eq, and Z.sub.eq2
is the impedance between the node L.sub.eq and the node G.sub.eq.
Other equivalent parameters S.sub.Leq, S.sub.Geq, V.sub.Leq and
V.sub.Geq are solved by the formulae (4) to (8).
[0036] In the method for determining static equivalences of
distribution networks in this embodiment, a method for determining
static equivalences of distribution networks by comprehensively
considering the consistency of sensitivity and the consistency of
power loss is provided. By inputting, by using a computer and a
program, node admittance matrices, network power loss of the
distribution network and the voltage and current of a border node,
then constructing a consistency of sensitivity equation before and
after equivalence, a consistency of power loss equation, an
equivalent network power balance equation and a Kirchhoff's current
equation, and solving the equations to obtain equivalent
parameters, the inventive method and device are simple and
effective, the consistency of sensitivity and the consistency of
power loss before and after equivalence are considered
comprehensively, and the distributed generators' voltage and power
support characteristics in an active distribution network are
reserved. Accordingly, the change in power injection direction from
a transmission network to the active distribution network can be
reflected, and the accuracy of steady-state analysis of power
systems is improved.
[0037] In an embodiment, the description is given by taking a
system consisting of an IEEE transmission system with 14 nodes and
an active distribution system with 14 nodes shown in FIGS. 3A and
3B as example. The detailed data of the active distribution system
with 14 nodes is shown in the following Table 1.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Detailed data of the active distribution
system with 14 nodes Generator node P(MW) V(p.u.) 19 4 1 24 4 1 27
4 1 Line R(p.u.) X(p.u.) 5-15 0 0.556 15-16 0.075 0.1 16-19 0.09
0.18 18-26 0.09 0.12 19-21, 27-28 0.04 0.04 16-20, 17-22, 0.08 0.11
22-23, 18-27 15-17, 15-18, 0.11 0.11 22-24, 15-25 Load node P (MW)
Q (MVar) 16 2.8 1.6 17 5.6 2.7 18 1.4 0.9 20 4.2 1.5 21 2.1 1.2 22
7 3 23 6.3 2 25 1.4 0.9 26 1.4 0.7 28 2.94 1
[0038] The specific steps of determining static equivalences of
distribution networks are as follows.
[0039] Step 201: Data is input. Node matrices Y.sub.LL(L{circumflex
over (B)})(L{circumflex over (B)}), Y.sub.LL(LE)(LE),
Y.sub.LL(LE)(L{circumflex over (B)}) and Y.sub.BI of the
distribution network before equivalence, power loss
S.sub.loss=0.0063+j0.0070 of the distribution network before
equivalence, and the current I.sub.B=0.2194-j0.0748 and voltage
V.sub.B=0.9583-j0.2895 of a border node are acquired, where
Y.sub.LL(L{circumflex over (B)})(L{circumflex over (B)}) is a node
admittance matrix at a border non-generator node, Y.sub.LL(LE)(LE)
is a node admittance matrix between non-generator nodes at external
nodes of the distribution network, Y.sub.LL(LE)(L{circumflex over
(B)}) is a node admittance matrix between non-generator nodes at
external nodes of the distribution network and a non-generator node
at the border node, and Y.sub.BI is the sum of admittances between
the border node and internal transmission network nodes. Various
specific matrices are as follows:
Y LL ( L B ^ ) ( L B ^ ) = [ 13.8909 - j 17.2889 ] ; ##EQU00004## Y
LL ( L E ^ ) ( L B ^ ) = [ - 4.7999 + j 6.4000 - 4.5455 + j 4.5455
- 4.5455 + j 4.5455 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ] ; ##EQU00004.2## Y LL ( L B ^ )
( L E ^ ) = [ - 4.7999 + j 6.4000 - 4.5455 + j 4.5455 - 4.5455 + j
4.5455 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ] ; ##EQU00004.3## Y LL ( L E ^ ) ( L E ^ ) -
1 = [ 11.3465 - j 16.7903 0 0 0 13.4152 - j 15.0369 0 0 0 12 , 5000
- j 12.5000 ] ; Y BI = [ 0 - j 1.7979 ] . ##EQU00004.4##
[0040] Step 202: An equation of the consistency of sensitivity
before and after equivalence is constructed as follows:
1 Z eq 1 + Z eq 2 = Y LL ( L B ^ ) ( L B ^ ) - Y BI - Y LL ( L B ^
) ( L E ^ ) Y LL ( L E ^ ) ( L E ^ ) - 1 Y LL ( L E ^ ) ( L B ^ ) .
( 1 ) ##EQU00005##
[0041] In the formula (1), there are unknown quantities on the
left, where Z.sub.eq1 is the impedance between the node B and a
node L.sub.eq, and Z.sub.eq2 is the impedance between the node
L.sub.eq and a node G.sub.eq.
[0042] Step 203: An equation of the consistency of power loss
before and after equivalence is constructed as follows:
|I.sub.B|.sup.2Z.sub.eq1+|I.sub.Geq|.sup.2Z.sub.eq2=S.sub.loss.
(2)
[0043] In the formula (2), |I.sub.B|=0.2318 is the amplitude of the
current at the border node I.sub.B=0.2194-j0.0748, Z.sub.eq1 is the
impedance between the node B and the node L.sub.eq, and Z.sub.eq2
is the impedance between the node L.sub.eq and the node G.sub.eq.
S.sub.loss=0.0063+j0.0070 denotes the power loss of the
distribution network before equivalence.
[0044] Step 204: The equivalent network power balance equation is
constructed as follows:
S.sub.B-S.sub.Leq+S.sub.Geq-S.sub.loss=0 (3)
S.sub.B=I*.sub.BV.sub.B (4)
V.sub.Leq=V.sub.B-I.sub.BZ.sub.eq1 (3)
S.sub.Leq=I*.sub.LeqV.sub.Leq (4)
V.sub.Geq=V.sub.Leq+I.sub.GeqZ.sub.eq2 (5)
S.sub.Geq=I*.sub.GeqV.sub.Geq (6)
I*.sub.BV.sub.B-I*.sub.LeqV.sub.B+I*.sub.LeqI.sub.BZ.sub.eq1+I*.sub.Geq(-
V.sub.B-I.sub.BZ.sub.eq1+I.sub.GeqZ.sub.eq2=S.sub.loss (9).
[0045] The equations (4) to (8) are substituted into equation (3)
to construct the equivalent network power balance equation (9),
where S.sub.B=0.2319+j0.0082, I.sub.B=0.2194-j0.0748 and
V.sub.B=0.9583-j0.2895 are the power, current and voltage at the
border node B, S.sub.Leq is the power at an equivalent load node
L.sub.eq, S.sub.Geq is the power at an equivalent generator node
G.sub.eq, I.sub.Leq is the current at the equivalent load node
L.sub.eq, I.sub.Geq is the current at the equivalent generator node
G.sub.eq, V.sub.Leq is the voltage at the equivalent load node
L.sub.eq, V.sub.Geq is the voltage at the equivalent generator node
G.sub.eq, Z.sub.eq1 is the impedance between the node B and the
node L.sub.eq, and Z.sub.eq2 is the impedance between the node
L.sub.eq and the node G.sub.eq. S.sub.loss is the power loss of the
distribution network before equivalence. Wherein, (*).sup.* denotes
the conjugate operation of (*).
I*.sub.B=0.2194+j0.0748
[0046] Step 205: The Kirchhoff's current equation is constructed as
follows:
-I.sub.Leq+I.sub.Geq+I.sub.B=0 (10).
[0047] The formula (10) is the Kirchhoff's current equation at the
equivalent load node, where I.sub.B=0.2194-j0.0748 is the current
at the border node B, I.sub.Leq is the current at the equivalent
load node L.sub.eq, and I.sub.Geq is the current at the equivalent
generator node G.sub.eq.
[0048] Step 206: The equivalent parameter equations are solved: by
using the input data acquired in the step 1), four non-linear
equations are constructed according to the formulae (1), (2), (9)
and (10); and, by using a method for solving the non-linear
equations, four unknown quantities Z.sub.eq1, Z.sub.eq2, I.sub.Leq
and I.sub.Geq can be solved, where I.sub.Leq is the current at the
equivalent load node L.sub.eq, I.sub.Geq is the current at the
equivalent generator node G.sub.eq, Z.sub.eq1 is the impedance
between the node B and the node L.sub.eq, and Z.sub.eq2 is the
impedance between the node L.sub.eq and the node G.sub.eq. Other
equivalent parameters S.sub.Leq, S.sub.Geq, V.sub.Leq and V.sub.Geq
are solved by the formulae (4) to (8).
[0049] The results of calculation are as follows:
Z.sub.eq1=0.0343+j0.0611;
Z.sub.eq2=0.0356+j0.0297
I.sub.Leq=-0.5174+j0.2660.
I.sub.Geq=0.2980-j0.1912
By solving equations (4) to (8), other equivalent parameters are
solved:
S.sub.Leq=56.9477+j9.6270
S.sub.Geq=34.3864+j9.5121
V.sub.Leq=0.9462-j0.3004;
V.sub.Geq=0.9625-j0.2983
[0050] The method for determining static equivalences of
distribution networks in this embodiment is applied to a
distribution network for experiments. The solved results are
compared with the main existing methods, and a relative error and
an absolute error of each method in changing operation parameters
of the transmission network are further compared, so that the
effect of each method is judged. In a case where the voltage of a
system border node 15 is increased by 2.3%, the data of absolute
errors and relative errors of the active power, the reactive power
and the voltage at a node 5 in columns M0-M3 are compared to judge
the effect of each method.
[0051] The values of the active distribution network, the absolute
error and the relative error are obtained by various methods,
referring to Table 2, where M0 represents the active distribution
network without using equivalence, M1 represents the PQ
equivalence, M2 represents the conventional ZIP equivalence, and M3
represents the method for determining static equivalences of
distribution networks according to the present disclosure. It can
be obviously seen from the experimental results that the absolute
error and relative error in M3 of the method for determining static
equivalences of distribution networks according to the present
disclosure are far less than that of other methods.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comparison of the calculated active power,
reactive power and voltage at node 5 in each method M0 M1 M2 M3
Parameters Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated of node 5
value value e.sub.1 e.sub.2 (%) value e.sub.1 e.sub.2 (%) value
e.sub.1 e.sub.2 (%) P (MW) 23.8607 23.1913 0.6695 2.8058 31.6016
7.7408 32.4416 23.6975 0.1632 0.6841 Q (Mvar) 33.8702 2.9507
30.9195 91.2882 10.8248 23.0454 68.0403 33.9185 0.0483 0.1426 V
(p.u.) 1.0012 1.0142 0.0130 1.2954 1.0096 0.0084 0.8365 1.0012
0.0000 0.0000
[0052] In the method for determining static equivalences of
distribution networks of the present disclosure, the consistency of
sensitivity and the consistency of power loss are considered
comprehensively during static equivalence of the active
distribution network, the generators' voltage and power support
characteristics in the active distribution network are reserved,
and the accuracy of equivalence of the active distribution network
is thus ensured.
[0053] In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the present disclosure
provides a device 40 for determining static equivalences of
distribution networks, including an acquisition module 41, a
construction module 42 and a calculation module 43. The acquisition
module 41 is configured to acquire node admittance matrices related
to the border node and distribution network, power loss of the
distribution network and a voltage value and a current value of the
border node. The construction module 42 is configured to construct
static equivalence determination conditions for determining static
equivalences of distribution networks, wherein the static
equivalence determination conditions includes: a consistency of
sensitivity equation, a consistency of power loss equation, an
equivalent network power balance equation and a Kirchhoff's current
equation. The calculation module 43 is configured to calculate,
based on the node admittance matrices, the power loss, and the
voltage value and the current value and according to the static
equivalence determination conditions, static equivalent parameters
of the equivalent distribution network.
[0054] In an embodiment, the acquisition module 41 acquires node
admittance matrices Y.sub.LL(L{circumflex over (B)})(L{circumflex
over (B)}), Y.sub.LL(LE)(LE), Y.sub.LL(LE)(L{circumflex over (B)})
and Y.sub.BI, and acquires power loss S.sub.loss of the
distribution network, and a current value I.sub.B and a voltage
value V.sub.B of the border node B, where the Y.sub.LL(L{circumflex
over (B)})(L{circumflex over (B)}) is a node admittance matrix
between non-generator nodes at a border node B, the
Y.sub.LL(LE)(LE) is a node admittance matrix between non-generator
nodes at external nodes of the distribution network, the
Y.sub.LL(LE)(L{circumflex over (B)}) is a node admittance matrix
between non-generator nodes at external nodes of the distribution
network and a non-generator node at the border node B, and the
Y.sub.BI is a matrix of the sum of admittances between the border
node B and internal transmission network nodes. The construction
module 42 constructs the consistency of sensitivity equation:
1 Z eq 1 - Z eq 2 Z eq 1 2 + Z eq 1 Z eq 2 = Y LL ( L B ^ ) ( L B ^
) - Y LL ( L B ^ ) ( L E ^ ) Y LL ( L E ^ ) ( L E ^ ) - 1 Y LL ( L
E ^ ) ( L B ^ ) - Y BI , ##EQU00006##
where Z.sub.eq1 is the impedance between the border node B and an
equivalent load node L.sub.eq, and Z.sub.eq2 is the impedance
between the L.sub.eq and an equivalent generator node G.sub.eq.
[0055] The construction module 42 constructs the consistency of
power loss equation:
|I.sub.B|.sup.2Z.sub.eq1+|I.sub.Geq|.sup.2Z.sub.eq2=S.sub.loss,
where |I.sub.B| denotes the magnitude of the current value I.sub.B,
|I.sub.Geq| denotes the magnitude of the equivalent generator
current at the G.sub.eq, Z.sub.eq1 is the impedance between the
border node B and the L.sub.eq, and Z.sub.eq2 is the impedance
between the L.sub.eq and the G.sub.eq.
[0056] The construction module 42 constructs the equivalent network
power balance equation:
I*.sub.BV.sub.B-I*.sub.LeqV.sub.B+I*.sub.LeqI.sub.BZ.sub.eq1+I*.sub.Geq(-
V.sub.B-I.sub.BZ.sub.eq1+I.sub.GeqZ.sub.eq2)=S.sub.loss,
where V.sub.B is the voltage at the border node B, I.sub.Leq is the
current at the L.sub.eq, I.sub.Geq is the current at the G.sub.eq,
V.sub.Leq is the voltage at the L.sub.eq, and V.sub.Geq is the
voltage at the G.sub.eq.
[0057] The construction module 42 constructs the Kirchhoff's
current equation:
-I.sub.Leq+I.sub.Geq+I.sub.B=0
[0058] Based on the node admittance matrices, the power loss, and
the voltage value and the current value, the calculation module 43
solves the consistency of sensitivity equation, the consistency of
power loss equation, the equivalent network power balance equation
and the Kirchhoff's current equation to obtain Z.sub.eq1,
Z.sub.eq2, I.sub.Leq and I.sub.Geq.
[0059] The construction module 42 constructs a first formula:
S.sub.B=I*.sub.BV.sub.B; constructs a second formula:
V.sub.Leq=V.sub.B-I.sub.BZ.sub.eq1; constructs a third formula:
S.sub.Leq=I*.sub.BV.sub.Leq; constructs a fourth formula:
V.sub.Geq=V.sub.Leq+I.sub.GeqZ.sub.eq2; and, constructs a fifth
formula: S.sub.Geq=I*.sub.GeqV.sub.Geq. Based on the node
admittance matrices, the power loss, and the voltage value and the
current value, the calculation module 43 solves the second formula,
the third formula, the fourth formula and the fifth formula to
obtain V.sub.Leq, S.sub.Leq, V.sub.Geq, and S.sub.Geq, where
S.sub.B is the power at the border node B, S.sub.Leq is the power
at the L.sub.eq, and S.sub.Geq is the power at the G.sub.eq.
[0060] In the method and device for determining static equivalences
of distribution networks provided in the embodiment, in view of the
shortcomings of the existing static equivalent methods of an active
distribution network, a static equivalent method of an active
distribution network by comprehensively considering the consistency
of sensitivity and the consistency of power loss is provided. Thus,
the inventive method and device are simple and effective, the
consistency of sensitivity and the consistency of power loss before
and after equivalence are considered comprehensively. Moreover, by
constructing physical equivalent networks including equivalence
generators, branches and loads by using the power flow state
information of the current power transmission network and
distribution network and then obtaining equivalent parameters, the
accuracy of equivalence of the active distribution network is
improved.
[0061] The method and system of the present disclosure may be
implemented in various ways. For example, the method and system of
the present disclosure may be implemented by software, hardware,
firmware or any combination thereof. The order of the steps of the
method is merely for description, and the steps of the method of
the present disclosure are not limited to the specific order
described above, unless otherwise specified in other ways. In
addition, in some embodiments, the present disclosure may also be
implemented as programs recoded on a recording medium. These
programs include machine-readable instructions for implementing the
method of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure
further encompasses the recording medium for storing the programs
for implementing the method of the present disclosure.
[0062] The descriptions of the present disclosure are merely
exemplary and illustrative, but not exhaustive or not intended to
limit the present disclosure to the forms disclosed herein. It is
apparent for a person of ordinary skill in the art to make various
modifications and alterations. The embodiments selected and
described herein are merely for better describing the principle and
practical applications of the present disclosure, and enable a
person of ordinary skilled in the art to understand the present
disclosure and design various embodiments with various
modifications for a particular purpose.
* * * * *