U.S. patent application number 15/630487 was filed with the patent office on 2018-11-29 for gasket equipped with bead with different hardness.
The applicant listed for this patent is ISHIKAWA GASKET CO., LTD.. Invention is credited to Kisho YASUDA, Takanobu YOKOYAMA.
Application Number | 20180340613 15/630487 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 55808185 |
Filed Date | 2018-11-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180340613 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
YASUDA; Kisho ; et
al. |
November 29, 2018 |
GASKET EQUIPPED WITH BEAD WITH DIFFERENT HARDNESS
Abstract
A gasket includes at least one metal plate formed of a
martensitic stainless steel plate and clamped between two members
fastened by fastening devices, a cylinder bore provided in the
metal member, a seal bead protruding outwardly from a flat surface
of the metal plate, and annularly surrounding the cylinder bore,
the seal bead having a top portion and two side portions arranged
at two sides of the top portion, and insertion holes for the
fastening devices to pass through, provided around the cylinder
bore. The seal bead has a high hardness portion having a hardness
higher than that in a portion of the metal plate other than the
high hardness portion. The high hardness portion has a thickness
gradually reduced toward a boundary between the high hardness
portion and the portion other than the high hardness portion.
Inventors: |
YASUDA; Kisho; (Tokyo,
JP) ; YOKOYAMA; Takanobu; (Utsunomiya-shi,
JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
ISHIKAWA GASKET CO., LTD. |
Tokyo |
|
JP |
|
|
Family ID: |
55808185 |
Appl. No.: |
15/630487 |
Filed: |
June 22, 2017 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
14712477 |
May 14, 2015 |
|
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15630487 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F02F 11/002 20130101;
C21D 8/0247 20130101; C21D 1/34 20130101; F16J 15/0806 20130101;
F16J 2015/0868 20130101; C21D 9/0068 20130101; F16J 15/002
20130101; F16J 15/0825 20130101; C21D 1/18 20130101; F16J 2015/0837
20130101; C21D 8/0205 20130101; F16J 15/0818 20130101; F16J 15/102
20130101; F16J 2015/0856 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F16J 15/08 20060101
F16J015/08; F16J 15/00 20060101 F16J015/00; F16J 15/10 20060101
F16J015/10 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Nov 13, 2014 |
JP |
2014-230619 |
Claims
1. A gasket comprising: at least one metal plate formed of a
martensitic stainless steel plate and adapted to be clamped between
two members fastened by fastening devices, a cylinder bore provided
in the at least one metal member, a seal bead protruding outwardly
from a flat surface of the at least one metal plate, and annularly
surrounding the cylinder bore, the seal bead having a top portion
and two side portions arranged at two sides of the top portion, and
insertion holes for the fastening devices to pass through, provided
around the cylinder bore, wherein the seal bead has a high hardness
portion having a hardness higher than that in a portion of the at
least one metal plate other than the high hardness portion, the
high hardness portion having a thickness gradually reduced toward a
boundary between the high hardness portion and the portion other
than the high hardness portion.
2. A gasket according to claim 1, wherein the high hardness portion
has a hardening depth gradually becoming shallow toward a width
direction of the seal bead, and the hardness of the high hardness
portion is smoothly reduced toward the width direction thereof.
3. A gasket according to claim 2, wherein the high hardness portion
extends from the top portion to the at least one metal plate
adjacent thereto through the two side portions.
4. A gasket according to claim 3, wherein the high hardness portion
is formed by a laser hardening processing on the seal bead from a
protruding direction of the seal bead.
5. A gasket according to claim 1, wherein the high hardness portion
and a low hardness portion are formed alternately in a
circumferential direction of the seal bead, and the low hardness
portion is disposed close to the insertion hole more than the high
hardness portion.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This is a divisional application of Ser. No. 15/712,477
filed on May 14, 2015, which claims priority of Japanese Patent
Application No. 2014-230619 filed on Nov. 13, 2014.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND RELATED ART STATEMENT
[0002] The present invention relates to a gasket, and more
specifically, relates to the gasket which can improve a seal
performance without causing an insufficient fastening force even in
a case wherein a fastening force by a fastening device is low.
[0003] There is proposed a gasket wherein a hardness lowering area
where the hardness is locally reduced is provided only at one
portion of a seal bead annularly formed in a ferritic stainless
steel plate (for example, see Japanese Patent Application
Publication No. 2000-027999).
[0004] The gasket retains high hardness portions except for the
hardness lowering area to obtain a spring characteristic, and an
elongation in the hardness lowering area of the seal bead so as to
prevent an edge portion of the seal bead from cracking.
Incidentally, a metal plate forming the gasket is an austenitic
stainless steel plate represented by SUS301-CSPH and SUS304-CSPH or
the ferritic stainless steel plate represented by SUS430 specified
in JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards), and the hardness thereof is
set at a Vickers hardness value of 400 HV to 550 HV. Also, the
hardness of the hardness lowering area is set at the Vickers
hardness value of 170 HV to 445 HV.
[0005] Recently, in order to improve fuel consumption of an engine,
thicknesses of a cylinder head and a cylinder block are reduced to
attain weight reduction and low rigidity. Consequently, with the
reduction of the thicknesses of the cylinder head and the cylinder
block, a bolt fastening force of the gasket is reduced.
[0006] Thus, in a case wherein the bolt fastening force is reduced,
in the gasket described in Japanese Patent Application Publication
No. 2000-027999, even a portion where the reinforcement of the seal
performance is unnecessary becomes the high hardness as well, so
that when the cylinder head and the cylinder block are fastened,
the gasket causes the insufficient fastening force so as to
deteriorate the seal performance.
[0007] The present invention is made in view of the aforementioned
problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a
gasket and a method for manufacturing a gasket which can improve
the seal performance without causing the insufficient fastening
force even in the case wherein the fastening force by the fastening
devices is low. Further objects and advantages of the invention
will be apparent from the following description of the
invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] In order to solve the aforementioned problem, a gasket of
the present invention is formed by one sheet of metal plate or two
or more sheets of laminated metal plates, clamped between two
members fastened by a fastening device, and comprises an opening
portion corresponding to a sealing hole provided in at least one of
the two members; a seal bead protruding toward one of the two
members from a flat surface of the metal plate, and annularly
surrounding the opening portion; and an insertion hole wherein the
fastening device is inserted to pass therethrough. At least one
sheet of the metal plates is formed by a martensitic stainless
steel plate, and a high hardness portion having hardness higher
than that of the stainless steel plate is formed in the at least
one portion of the seal bead formed in the stainless steel
plate.
[0009] Also, in order to solve the aforementioned problem, a method
for manufacturing a gasket of the present invention to be clamped
between two members fastened by the fastening devices, comprises a
process of forming an opening portion corresponding to a sealing
hole provided in at least one of two members, a seal bead
protruding toward the one of the two members from a flat surface of
a stainless steel plate and annularly surrounding the opening
portion, and an insertion hole wherein a fastening device is
inserted to pass therethrough, in the one sheet of metal plate, or
at least one sheet of martensitic stainless steel plate among two
or more sheets of laminated metal plates. After that, the method
for manufacturing the gasket carries out a process of forming the
high hardness portion having the hardness higher than that of the
stainless steel plate by applying hardening processing wherein
laser is irradiated to at least one portion of the seal bead.
[0010] According to the gasket and the method for manufacturing the
gasket of the present invention, at least one sheet of metal plate
forming the gasket is formed by a martensitic stainless steel
plate, and the high hardness portion having the hardness higher
than that of the surroundings is formed at one portion of the seal
bead formed in the stainless steel plate thereof. Thereby, the
hardness of the whole gasket can be reduced, so that even in a case
wherein a fastening force by the fastening device is low, an
insufficient fastening force can be prevented, and the hardness at
a portion where a seal performance is necessary is increased by the
high hardness portion so as to improve the seal performance.
[0011] For example, when the gasket is fastened by the fastening
device, the high hardness portion is formed at a portion which
becomes a low surface pressure of the seal bead so as to reinforce
the portion thereof, or the hardness rising or falling portions are
provided in a circumferential direction of the seal bead so as to
equalize the seal performance.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a
gasket as an example according to the present invention;
[0013] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line II-II in
FIG. 1;
[0014] FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) are enlarged views showing a high
hardness portion in FIG. 1 as an example, wherein FIG. 3(a) is a
plan view of the high hardness portion, and FIG. 3(b) is a
horizontal cross-sectional view taken along a line III-III in FIG.
3(a);
[0015] FIG. 4 is a plan view showing cylinder bores and bore bead
portions in FIG. 1 as an example;
[0016] FIG. 5 is a plan view showing water-oil holes and
water-oil-hole bead portions in FIG. 1 as an example;
[0017] FIG. 6 is a horizontal cross-sectional view showing another
example of the high hardness portion in FIG. 1;
[0018] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment
of the gasket as an example according to the present invention;
and
[0019] FIGS. 8(a) and 8(b) are drawings showing another embodiment
of the gasket as an example according to the present invention,
wherein FIG. 8(a) is a plan view of the gasket, and FIG. 8(b) is a
horizontal cross-sectional view taken along a line VIII-VIII in
FIG. 8(a).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0020] Hereinafter, embodiments of a gasket and a method for
manufacturing a gasket according to the present invention will be
explained. Incidentally, in FIG. 1 to FIG. 8(b), sizes are changed
to easily intelligibly understand a structure, and the sizes of a
cylinder bore or water and oil holes, and sizes of thickness,
shape, and the like of a bead do not necessarily correspond to
ratios of portions actually manufactured. Also, dotted lines in the
drawings show mountain folds in a plan view, and dot-and-dash lines
show valley folds.
[0021] FIG. 1 shows a structure of a gasket 20 according to an
embodiment of the present invention. The gasket 20 is clamped
between a cylinder head 12 and a cylinder block 13 fastened by
bolts 11 which are fastening devices for an engine 10.
[0022] In the cylinder head 12, there is assembled an injector or
an intake-exhaust valve which is not shown in the drawings, and
insertion holes 14 pass through in an up-and-down direction. In the
cylinder block 13, there are formed four cylinder bores 15 as
sealing holes, and inside the cylinder bores 15, there are
assembled pistons which are not shown in the drawings
reciprocatingly in the up-and-down direction. Also, in the cylinder
block 13, as the sealing holes, there are formed water and oil
holes 16 such as water holes for water jacket, oil holes for
lubricant oil, and the like formed on an outer periphery of the
cylinder bore 15. Additionally, on the outer periphery of the
cylinder bore 15, there are formed four bolt holes 17 relative to
one cylinder bore 15. Incidentally, the engine 10 is not limited to
a closed deck type, and may be an open deck type.
[0023] The gasket 20 is formed by sequentially laminating a
plurality of metal plate 21, metal plate 22, and metal plate 23
from the top.
[0024] In the gasket 20, there are formed four opening portions 24
disposed corresponding to the cylinder bores 15; a plurality of
water-oil-hole opening portions 25 disposed corresponding to the
water-oil holes 16; and insertion holes 26 passing through in the
up-and-down direction corresponding to the bolt holes 17. Also, in
the gasket 20, there are respectively formed bead portions 27
disposed at peripheral edge portions of the bore opening portions
24; water-oil-hole bead portions 28 disposed at peripheral edge
portions of the water-oil-hole opening portions 25; and
insertion-hole bead portions 29 disposed at peripheral edge
portions of the insertion holes 26. In the bore bead portion 27,
the water-oil-hole bead portion 28, and the insertion-hole bead
portion 29, there are formed seal beads, respectively.
[0025] As shown in FIG. 2, in the bore bead portion 27, there are
formed a first bore bead 30 protruding downward from a flat surface
of the metal plate 21 and annularly surrounding the bore opening
portion 24 as a seal bead; and a folded portion 32 folding an end
portion 31 on a bore opening portion 24 side of the metal plate 21
downward.
[0026] Also, inside the folded portion 32, there is disposed a
ring-shaped member 33 annularly surrounding the bore opening
portion 24. In the ring-shaped member 33, there is formed a second
bore bead 34 protruding upward from a flat surface thereof and
annularly surrounding the bore opening portion 24 as a seal bead.
The ring-shaped member 33 is disposed on the bore opening portion
24 side more than the end portion 31 of the metal plate 21, and
clamped between the metal plate 21 and the metal plate 23.
[0027] In such a gasket 20, the metal plate 21, the metal plate 23,
and the ring-shaped member 33 are formed by a martensitic stainless
steel plate, and there are formed high hardness portions 35 having
a hardness higher than that of the metal plate 21 and that of the
ring-shaped member 33 in at least one portion of the first bore
bead 30 and in at least one portion of the second bore bead 34.
[0028] As for the martensitic stainless steel plate, for example,
there can be shown as an example of SUS403, SUS410, SUS420J1, and
the like specified in JIS. Also, the hardness of the stainless
steel plate is set at a Vickers hardness value of 100 HV or above
and 234 HV or less.
[0029] The martensitic stainless steel plate having the Vickers
hardness value of 100 HV or above and 234 HV or less is used for
the metal plate 21, the metal plate 23, and the ring-shaped member
33, more preferably, the martensitic stainless steel plate having a
Vickers hardness value of 150 HV or above and 190 HV or less is
used so as to reduce the hardness of the whole gasket 20 and become
advantageous for solving an insufficient fastening force in a case
wherein a fastening force of the bolts 11 is low.
[0030] Incidentally, the hardness of each of the metal plate 21,
the metal plate 23, and the ring-shaped member 33 may have a
different hardness, respectively. Also, the metal plate 22 can be
formed by the martensitic stainless steel plate as well; however,
it is preferable that the metal plate 22 has the hardness higher
than that of the metal plate 21 and that of the metal plate 23, and
has a characteristic as a spring material. The high hardness
portions 35 are formed at a portion where a surface pressure in a
circumferential direction of the first bore bead 30 is low, and a
portion where a surface pressure in a circumferential direction of
the second bore bead 34 is low when the cylinder head 12 and the
cylinder block 13 are fastened by the bolts 11.
[0031] Incidentally, it is sufficient that the high hardness
portions 35 are formed at a face 21a on a side where the first bore
bead 30 protrudes, and a face 33a on a side where the second bore
bead 34 protrudes, wherein the surface pressure is applied the most
in a case of being fastened by at least the bolts 11. However, as
with the embodiment, if the high hardness portions 35 are formed in
an entire portion of the first bore bead 30 (including the face 21a
and a face on the opposite side) or an entire portion of the second
bore bead 34 in a cross-sectional view, it becomes advantageous for
improving a seal performance further.
[0032] The hardness of the high hardness portion 35 is preferably
set at a Vickers hardness value of 200HV or above and 500HV or
less, and in a case of being formed in the bore bead portion 27, it
is more preferable that the hardness of the high hardness portion
35 is set at a Vickers hardness value of 250 HV or above and 350 HV
or less. The hardness of the high hardness portion 35 is set at the
hardness of the stainless steel plate or above, so that the
hardness of a portion which becomes a low surface pressure of the
bore bead portion 27 increases so as to become advantageous for
improving the seal performance.
[0033] According to the aforementioned gasket 20, among the members
forming the gasket 20, at least the metal plate 21, the metal plate
23, and the ring-shaped member 33 are formed by the martensitic
stainless steel plate, so that even in a case wherein the hardness
of the whole gasket 20 is reduced, and the fastening force by the
bolts 11 is low, the insufficient fastening force can be
prevented.
[0034] Also, the high hardness portion 35 having the hardness
higher than that of the surroundings is formed at the portion which
becomes the low surface pressure of the bore bead portion of the
gasket 20, so that when the gasket 20 is clamped between the
cylinder head 12 and the cylinder block 13, and fastened by the
bolts 11, the portion which becomes the low surface pressure can be
reinforced.
[0035] As shown in FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b), in the aforementioned
gasket 20, it is preferable that the high hardness portion 35
extends to a portion 36 adjacent to the first bore bead 30 in a
plan view. Thus, the high hardness portion 35 includes the portion
36 adjacent to the first bore bead 30 in the plan view so as to
include a portion outside a bent portion of the first bore bead 30
as well. Accordingly, an occurrence of a crack at the bent portion
thereof can be prevented. Incidentally, the same applies to the
high hardness portion 35 formed at the second bore bead 34 as
well.
[0036] Also, as shown in FIG. 4, in the aforementioned gasket 20,
it is preferable that the high hardness portions 35 and low
hardness portions 37 having the hardness of the stainless steel
plate are disposed alternately in the circumferential direction of
the first bore bead 30 along the first bore bead 30, and that the
low hardness portions 37 are disposed close to the insertion holes
26 more than the high hardness portions 35. Incidentally, the
second bore bead 34 which is not shown in the drawing is structured
in the same manner.
[0037] When the cylinder head 12 and the cylinder block 13 are
fastened by the bolts 11, a fastening stress is concentrated near
the insertion hole 26 of the gasket 20. In the bore bead portion
27, a fastening stress thereof is concentrated at a portion between
tangents L2 of the insertion hole 26 which are parallel to a bolt
axis line L1 connecting a center O of the bore opening portion 24
and a center P of the insertion hole 26. Therefore, in the first
bore bead 30 and the second bore bead 34, there are alternately
located a portion wherein a fastening stress is concentrated when
fastened so as to become a high surface pressure and a high seal
performance, and a portion which becomes a low surface pressure and
a low seal performance, in the circumferential direction.
[0038] Therefore, the low hardness portion 37 is formed at the
portion which becomes the high surface pressure and the high seal
performance, and the high hardness portion 35 is formed at the
portion which becomes the low surface pressure and the low seal
performance so as to provide the rise and fall of rigidity in the
circumferential direction of the bore bead portion 27. Thereby, the
seal performance in the circumferential direction of the bore bead
portion 27 is equalized so as to improve the seal performance.
[0039] Also, as shown in FIG. 5, in the aforementioned gasket 20,
it is preferable that the high hardness portion 35 having the
hardness higher than that of the stainless steel plate is formed in
at least one portion of the water-oil-hole bead portion 28.
[0040] The high hardness portion 35 is formed at a portion where
the fastening force of the bolt 11 of the water-oil-hole bead
portion 28 is difficult to transfer. The portion where the
fastening force of the bolt 11 of the water-oil-hole bead portion
28 is difficult to transfer is a portion disposed remotely from the
insertion hole 26, or a portion having the bore opening portion 24
or the water-oil-hole opening portion 25 with respect to the
insertion hole 26.
[0041] Also, it is preferable that the hardness of the high
hardness portion 35 formed in the water-oil-hole bead portion 28
has a Vickers hardness value of 300HV or above and 450HV or less.
Especially, in the water-oil-hole bead portion 28 positioned
outside the insertion hole 26 in the plain view, the fastening
force of the bolt 11 is difficult to transfer, so that it is
preferable that the hardness thereof is set to be harder than that
of the high hardness portion 35 formed in the bore bead portion
27.
[0042] Thus, the high hardness portion 35 is formed in the
water-oil-hole bead portion 28 where the fastening force of the
bolt 11 is difficult to transfer so as to improve the rigidity of
the water-oil-hole bead portion 28, wherein an overhang increases,
or an opening increases at an operation time of the engine 10 so
that the seal performance cannot be obtained, and obtain the seal
performance.
[0043] Next, the method for manufacturing the gasket 20 will be
explained. First, the metal plate 21 to the metal plate 23, and the
ring-shaped member 33 are formed. Next, the bore opening portion
24, the water-oil-hole opening portion 25, and the insertion hole
26 are formed in the metal plate 21 to the metal plate 23. Next,
the bore bead portion 27, the water-oil-hole bead portion 28, and
the insertion-hole bead portion 29 are formed in the metal plate
21, and the second bore bead 34 is formed in the ring-shaped member
33.
[0044] Next, laser is irradiated from a protruding face 21a side of
the first bore bead 30 of the metal plate 21 toward the first bore
bead 30, and from a protruding face 33a side of the second bore
bead 34 of the ring-shaped member 33 toward the second bore bead
34, and irradiation portions are cooled by a cooling device which
is not shown in the drawings. The high hardness portion 35 is
formed by hardening processing by the laser. Also, the seal bead of
the water-oil-hole bead portion 28 is irradiated with a laser as
well in the same manner, and cooled to form the high hardness
portion 35. Incidentally, the hardness of the high hardness portion
35 can be adjusted by changing any of a laser irradiation time, a
hardening depth from the face 21a on a protruding side, and a
cooling time by the cooling device.
[0045] Next, the folded portion 32 is folded so as to dispose the
ring-shaped member 33 inside the folded portion 32, and the metal
plate 21 to the metal plate 23, and the ring-shaped member are
laminated so as to complete the manufacturing of the gasket 20.
[0046] According to the method for manufacturing the gasket, the
high hardness portion 35 can be easily formed in a short time only
at a necessary portion by the laser hardening processing. Also, the
laser irradiation time or the hardening depth is changed so as to
become advantageous for a case of changing the hardness of the high
hardness portion 35.
[0047] As shown in FIG. 6, in the high hardness portion 35, at
least one of the laser irradiation time, the hardening depth from
the face 21a on the protruding side, and the cooling time by the
cooling device is changed, so that the hardness thereof is
gradually reduced toward a boundary between the high hardness
portion 35 and portions other than the high hardness portion 35.
Here, a hardening depth d1 gradually becomes shallow toward a width
direction of the first bore bead 30, and the hardness of the high
hardness portion 35 is smoothly reduced toward the width direction
of the first bore bead 30. Thereby, an occurrence of a crack at a
boundary portion of the high hardness portion 35 can be prevented
so as to prevent a breakage. Incidentally, it is preferable that
even in a vertical cross section of the first bore bead 30, the
hardness is gradually reduced toward the boundary between the high
hardness portion 35 and the portions other than the high hardness
portion 35 in the same manner.
[0048] According to the gasket 20 shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 6,
thicknesses of the cylinder head 12 and the cylinder block 13 are
reduced, so that even if the fastening force by the bolt 11 is
reduced, the insufficient fastening force can be prevented, and a
sufficient sealing characteristic can be obtained so as to become
advantageous for the weight reduction and low rigidity of the
engine 10. Thereby, fuel consumption of the engine 10 can be
improved.
[0049] Incidentally, in the aforementioned embodiments, the gasket
20 clamped between the cylinder head 12 and the cylinder block 13
has been shown as an example; however, the present invention is not
limited to the above.
[0050] For example, as shown in FIG. 7, without laminating the
plurality of metal plate 21 to metal plate 23, and ring-shaped
member 33, the gasket 20 may be formed only by one sheet of metal
plate 21.
[0051] Also, as shown in FIG. 8(a), the present invention can be
applied to an intake-and-exhaust-system manifold gasket 40 as well.
The manifold gasket 40 is formed by one metal plate 41 of a
martensitic stainless steel plate. In the metal plate 41, there are
formed a manifold opening portion 42 disposed corresponding to a
manifold, and insertion holes 43 corresponding to fastening bolt
holes. Also, there are respectively formed manifold bead portions
44 disposed at peripheral edge portions of the manifold opening
portions 42, and insertion-hole bead portions 45 disposed at
peripheral edge portions of the insertion holes 43.
[0052] As shown in FIG. 8(b), in the manifold bead portion 44, as
the seal bead, there is formed a manifold bead 46 protruding upward
from a flat surface of the metal plate 41, and annularly
surrounding the manifold opening portion 42.
[0053] In such a manifold gasket 40, the high hardness portion 35
having the hardness higher than that of the metal plate 41 is
formed in at least one portion of the manifold bead 46.
[0054] According to the manifold gasket 40, as with the previously
described gasket 20, even if the fastening force is reduced, the
insufficient fastening force can be prevented, and the sufficient
sealing characteristic can be obtained.
[0055] Also, in the aforementioned embodiments, an example wherein
the high hardness portion 35 is formed in the water-oil-hole bead
portion 28 formed at a corner of the gasket 20 has been explained;
however, the present invention is not limited to the above. For
example, the water-oil-hole bead portion 28 may be formed around
the bore opening portion 24.
[0056] Also, the high hardness portion 35 can be formed over the
entire periphery of the bore bead portion 27 or the water-oil-hole
bead portion 28 as well.
[0057] The disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No.
2014-230619, filed on Nov. 13, 2014, is incorporated in the
application.
[0058] While the invention has been explained with reference to the
specific embodiments of the invention, the explanation is
illustrative and the invention is limited only by the appended
claims.
* * * * *