U.S. patent application number 15/597676 was filed with the patent office on 2018-11-22 for oral care compositions and methods of use.
This patent application is currently assigned to Colgate-Palmolive Company. The applicant listed for this patent is Colgate-Palmolive Company. Invention is credited to Shamim Ansari, James MASTERS, Harsh Mahendra TRIVEDI.
Application Number | 20180333349 15/597676 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 64270296 |
Filed Date | 2018-11-22 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180333349 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Ansari; Shamim ; et
al. |
November 22, 2018 |
Oral Care Compositions and Methods of Use
Abstract
Disclosed herein are oral care compositions comprising hemp seed
oil and caprylyl glycol. In certain embodiments, the oral care
composition optionally further comprises one or more ingredients
selected from hyaluronic acid and aloe vera. Methods of making and
using the compositions are also provided.
Inventors: |
Ansari; Shamim; (Princeton,
NJ) ; TRIVEDI; Harsh Mahendra; (Hillsborough, NJ)
; MASTERS; James; (Ringoes, NJ) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Colgate-Palmolive Company |
New York |
NY |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Colgate-Palmolive Company
New York
NY
|
Family ID: |
64270296 |
Appl. No.: |
15/597676 |
Filed: |
May 17, 2017 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/345 20130101;
A61K 8/922 20130101; A61K 8/9794 20170801; A61Q 11/00 20130101;
A61K 8/735 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/97 20060101
A61K008/97; A61Q 11/00 20060101 A61Q011/00; A61K 8/92 20060101
A61K008/92; A61K 8/34 20060101 A61K008/34; A61K 8/73 20060101
A61K008/73 |
Claims
1. A mouthrinse comprising: hemp seed oil; caprylyl glycol; and an
orally acceptable base.
2. The mouthrinse of claim 1, wherein said composition has a
moisture retention capacity of at least 4.8, as measured in an n
vitro moisture retention capacity assay.
3. The mouthrinse of claim 2, wherein said hemp seed oil is present
at a concentration from 0.8 to 1.2%, by weight of the
composition.
4. The mouthrinse of claim 3, wherein said hemp seed oil is present
at a concentration of 1.0% by weight of the composition.
5. The mouthrinse of claim 3, wherein said caprylyl glycol is
present at a concentration of 0.15 to 0.35%, by weight of the
composition.
6. The mouthrinse of claim 5, wherein said caprylyl glycol is
present at a concentration of 0.25%, by weight of the
composition.
7. The mouthrinse of claim 5, further comprising aloe vera.
8. The mouthrinse of claim 7, wherein said aloe vera is present at
a concentration of 0.15 to 0.35%, by weight of the composition.
9. The mouthrinse of claim 8, wherein said aloe vera is present at
a concentration of 0.25%, by weight of the composition.
10. The mouthrinse of claim 5, further comprising hyaluronic
acid.
11. The mouthrinse of claim 10, wherein said hyaluronic acid is
present at a concentration of 0.01 to 0.1%, by weight of the
composition.
12. The mouthrinse of claim 11, wherein said hyaluronic acid is
present at a concentration of 0.05%, by weight of the
composition.
13. A mouthrinse comprising a) hemp seed oil at a concentration
from 0.8 to 1.2%, by weight of the composition; b) caprylyl glycol
at a concentration of 0.15 to 0.35% by weight of the composition;
c) optionally aloe vera at a concentration of 0.15 to 0.35%, by
weight of the composition; and d) optionally hyaluronic acid at a
concentration of 0.01 to 0.1%, by weight of the composition.
14. The mouthrinse of claim 13, having a moisture retention
capacity of at least 4.8, as measured in an in vitro moisture
retention capacity assay.
15. A method to improve oral health comprising applying an
effective amount of the oral composition of any of the preceding
claims set forth above to the oral cavity of a subject in need
thereof.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein improving oral health may be
selected from one or more of the following: a. reduce or inhibit
formation of dental caries; b. reduce, repair or inhibit early
enamel lesions; c. reduce or inhibit demineralization and promote
remineralization of the teeth; d. reduce hypersensitivity of the
teeth; e. reduce or inhibit gingivitis; f. promote healing of sores
or cuts in the mouth; g. reduce levels of acid producing bacteria;
h. increase relative levels of arginolytic bacteria; i. inhibit
microbial biofilm formation in the oral cavity; j. raise and/or
maintain plaque pH at levels of at least pH 5.5 following sugar
challenge; k. reduce plaque accumulation; l. treat, relieve or
reduce dry mouth; m. whiten teeth; n. enhance systemic health,
including cardiovascular health; o. reduce erosion of the teeth; p.
immunize the teeth against cariogenic bacteria and their effects;
q. clean the teeth and oral cavity; r. reduce inflammation; s.
increase anti-oxidant levels; t. reduce oral discomfort; u.
increase lubrication; v. reduce tissue friction due to drying; and
w. increase tissue hydration.
Description
FIELD
[0001] This invention relates to oral care compositions comprising
hemp seed oil and caprylyl glycol. In certain embodiments, the oral
care composition optionally further comprises one or more
ingredients selected from hyaluronic acid and aloe vera. The
invention also describes methods of making and using these
compositions.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Dry mouth, or xerostomia, is a subjective complaint of one's
mouth feeling dry. It is usually caused by a reduction in salivary
flow or by changes in the biochemical composition of saliva.
Dryness of mouth is a major cause of oral stress and discomfort
experienced by many individuals. Epidemiologically, dryness of the
mouth is one of the most prevalent oral discomforts experienced by
millions of people in the United States and around the globe. In
one estimate, 44 million people in the United States alone are
affected by xerostomia. Although dry mouth symptoms can affect
persons of any age group, dry mouth is more likely to occur in
middle and older age groups. Further, an increased prevalence of
dry mouth among older age groups may not be due to aging, but
instead may be due to underlying disease conditions, such as
Sjogren's Syndrome, diabetes, cancer and stroke. In general, many
cases of dry mouth are linked to the use of prescription drugs or
over-the-counter medications. There are more than 1800 drugs which
have the capacity to induce xerostomia, hence those drugs are
termed as "xerogenic".
[0003] Dry mouth can lead to a parched feeling in the throat,
stickiness and cotton-ness in the mouth which can make it
challenging to eat, drink, or even talk. Dry mouth can also make
the throat feel sore and scratchy because of lack of enough
lubricant from saliva. A persistent dry mouth condition could
impair taste receptors, increase the risk of developing dental
cavities, or increase occurrence of bacterial and fungal
infections.
[0004] International patent application publication No.
WO2014/049562 discloses an oral cosmetic having a combination of
active agents comprising at least one polyunsaturated fatty acid
and at least one carotenoid, for improving the quality of the
nails. In certain embodiments, the at least one polyunsaturated
fatty acid may be hemp
[0005] U.S. patent application publication No. US2014/0349375
discloses the use of methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) to modulate
microbial activity. In certain embodiments, the MSM may be combined
with hemp seed oil. In certain embodiments, the MSM may be added to
oral care products, such as toothpaste, mouthwash, or
mouth-irrigant.
[0006] South Korean patent application No. KR2011-0112498 discloses
a toothpaste composition containing 0.1-4.0 weight % of Cannabis
sativa L. seed oil,
[0007] International patent application publication No.
WO2016/197015 discloses a composition and method for whitening and
restoring natural tooth color, and a composition for application to
a skin cell, or a portion of an area of skin. In certain
embodiments, the composition comprises hemp oil. In certain
embodiments, the inventors contemplate application of the
composition as a mouthwash.
[0008] Current oral care market products do not adequately address
oral dryness and discomfort. Accordingly, there is a need for oral
compositions to provide effective relief by ameliorating and/or
preventing dry mouth discomfort.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] It has been surprisingly found that oral care compositions
comprising hemp seed oil and caprylyl glycol show unexpected
benefits within oral models. In certain embodiments, such
compositions may optionally contain one or more molecules selected
from hyaluronic acid and aloe vera.
[0010] In one embodiment, the invention is an oral care composition
comprising hemp seed oil and caprylyl glycol. In certain
embodiments, the hemp seed oil is present at a concentration from
0.8 to 1.2%, by weight of the composition. In certain embodiments,
the hemp seed oil is present at a concentration of 1.0%, by weight
of the composition. In certain embodiments, the hemp seed oil is
present at a concentration from 0.8 to 1.2%, by weight of the
composition and caprylyl glycol is present at a concentration of
0.15 to 0.35%, by weight of the composition. in certain
embodiments, the hemp seed oil is present at a concentration from
0.8 to 1.2%, by weight of the composition and caprylyl glycol is
present at a concentration of 0.25%, by weight of the
composition.
[0011] In further embodiments, the invention is an oral care
composition comprising hemp seed oil and caprylyl glycol, further
comprising aloe vera. In certain embodiments, the aloe vera is
present at a concentration of 0.15 to 0.35%, by weight of the
composition. In certain embodiments, the aloe vera is present at a
concentration of 0.25%, by weight of the composition.
[0012] In further embodiments, the invention is an oral care
composition comprising hemp seed oil and caprylyl glycol, further
comprising hyaluronic acid. In certain embodiments, the hyaluronic
acid is present at a concentration of 0.01 to 0.1%, by weight of
the composition. In certain embodiments, the hyaluronic acid is
present at a concentration of 0.05%, by weight of the
composition.
[0013] In further embodiments, the invention is a method to improve
oral health comprising applying an effective amount of any of the
oral compositions described above to the oral cavity of a subject
in need thereof. In certain embodiments, the improved oral health
may be selected from one or more of the following; a. reduce or
inhibit formation of dental caries; b. reduce, repair or inhibit
early enamel lesions; c. reduce or inhibit demineralization and
promote remineralization of the teeth; d. reduce hypersensitivity
of the teeth; e. reduce or inhibit gingivitis; f. promote healing
of sores or cuts in the mouth; g. reduce levels of acid producing
bacteria; h. to increase relative levels of arginolytic bacteria;
i. inhibit microbial biofilm formation in the oral cavity; j. raise
and/or maintain plaque pH at levels of at least pH 5.5 following
sugar challenge; k. reduce plaque accumulation; l. treat, relieve
or reduce dry mouth; m. whiten teeth; n. enhance systemic health,
including cardiovascular health; o. reduce erosion of the teeth; p.
immunize the teeth against cariogenic bacteria and their effects;
q. clean the teeth and oral cavity; r. reduce inflammation; s.
increase anti-oxidant levels; t. reduce oral discomfort; u.
increase lubrication; v. reduce tissue friction due to drying; and
w. increase tissue hydration.
[0014] In certain embodiments, the invention is a composition
obtained or obtainable by combining the ingredients as set forth in
any of the preceding compositions and methods.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0015] The following description of embodiment(s) of the invention
is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit
the invention, its application, or uses,
[0016] As used herein, the words "preferred" and "preferably" refer
to embodiments of the invention that afford certain benefits, under
certain circumstances. However, other embodiments may also be
preferred, under the same or other circumstances. Furthermore, the
recitation of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that
other embodiments are not useful, and is not intended to exclude
other embodiments from the scope of the invention.
[0017] As used throughout, ranges are used as shorthand for
describing each and every value that is within the range. Any value
within the range can be selected as the terminus of the range.
[0018] Unless stated otherwise, all percentages of composition
components given in this specification are by weight based on a
total composition or formulation weight of 100%. The recitation of
a specific value herein, whether referring to respective amounts of
components, or other features of the embodiments, is intended to
denote that value, plus or minus a degree of variability to account
for errors in measurements. For example, an amount of 10% may
include 9.5% or 10.5%, given the degree of error in measurement
that will be appreciated and understood by those having ordinary
skill in the art.
[0019] All references cited herein are hereby incorporated by
reference in their entireties. In the event of a conflict in a
definition in the present disclosure and that of a cited reference,
the present disclosure controls.
[0020] As used herein, the term "oral composition" means the total
composition that is delivered to the oral surfaces. The composition
is further defined as a product which, during the normal course of
usage, is not for the purposes of systemic administration of
particular therapeutic agents, intentionally swallowed but is
rather retained in the oral cavity for a time sufficient to contact
substantially all of the dental surfaces and/or oral tissues for
the purposes of oral activity. Examples of such compositions
include, but are not limited to, toothpaste or a dentifrice, a
mouthwash or a mouth rinse, a topical oral gel, a denture cleanser,
dental strips, beads, lozenge, varnish, paint-on composition,
toothpowder, chewing gum and the like.
[0021] As used herein, the term "dentifrice" means paste, gel, or
liquid formulations unless otherwise specified. The dentifrice
composition can be in any desired form such as deep striped,
surface striped, multi-layered, having the gel surrounding the
paste, or any combination thereof. Alternatively, the oral
composition may be dual phase dispensed from a separated
compartment dispenser.
[0022] The term "mouth rinse" in the present invention refers to
oral compositions that are substantially liquid in character, such
as a mouth wash, spray, rinses, and the like. In such a preparation
the orally acceptable carrier typically has an aqueous phase
comprising water or a water and alcohol mixture. Further, in
various embodiments, the oral carrier includes a humectant and
surfactant. Generally, if alcohol is present, the weight ratio of
water to alcohol is in the range of 1:1 to 20:1, preferably 3:1 to
10:1 and more preferably 4:1 to 6:1. The total amount of
water-alcohol mixture in this type of preparation is typically in
an amount of 70 to 99.9% of the preparation. In various
embodiments, the alcohol is typically ethanol or isopropanol.
[0023] The compositions of the invention may be applied to the oral
cavity of a subject (in particular to the oral cavity of a human or
animal subject) by any means. The application means may vary
depending on the formulation of the oral care composition. For
example, in certain embodiments the oral care composition is a
dentifrice and may be applied to the oral cavity topically using an
implement (such as a brush, toothbrush, stick, sponge or cotton
swab). In certain embodiments, the oral care composition is in the
form of a mouthwash or mouth rinse and is applied to the oral
cavity by lavage ("swish"). In certain embodiments, the mouthwash
or mouth rinse is in a single phase. In certain embodiments, the
mouthwash or mouth rinse is in a dual phase. In certain embodiments
the oral care composition is applied to surfaces in the oral cavity
using a dental tray. In certain embodiments the oral care
composition is applied to surfaces in the oral cavity using a
dental strip, for example by affixing a strip comprising the oral
care composition to the surface of the teeth or gums. In certain
embodiments the oral care composition is administered to the oral
cavity using an oral care pen. In certain embodiments the oral care
composition is applied to the oral cavity at least once or at least
twice per day.
[0024] The term "effective amount" as used herein means that the
amount of the composition of the present invention is of sufficient
quantity to achieve the intended purpose, such as, for example, to
ameliorate and/or prevent dry mouth discomfort in the subject.
[0025] The term "hemp seed oil" as used herein means an oil
composition derived from hemp seeds. In contrast, "hemp oil" is
made of one or more materials selected from the leaves, flowers and
the fibre of hemp plants.
[0026] Unless otherwise specifically identified, the ingredients
for use in the compositions and formulations of the present
invention are preferably cosmetically acceptable ingredients. By
"cosmetically acceptable" is meant suitable for use in a
formulation for topical application to human skin. A cosmetically
acceptable excipient, for example, is an excipient which is
suitable for external application in the amounts and concentrations
contemplated in the formulations of this invention, and includes,
for example, excipients which are "Generally Recognized as Safe"
(GRAS) by the United States Food and Drug Administration.
[0027] The compositions and formulations as provided herein are
described and claimed with reference to their ingredients, as is
usual in the art. As would be evident to one skilled in the art,
the ingredients may in some instances react with one another, so
that the true composition of the final formulation may not
correspond exactly to the ingredients listed. Thus, it should be
understood that the invention extends to the product of the
combination of the listed ingredients.
[0028] The invention provides for oral care compositions comprising
hemp seed oil. In certain embodiments, the oral care composition
may optionally further comprise one or more ingredients selected
from caprylyl glycol, hyaluronic acid and aloe vera. In some
embodiments, the oral care composition contains hemp seed oil at
0.6 to 1.4% by weight. In certain embodiments, the hemp seed oil is
0.8 to 1.2% by weight of the oral care composition. In further
embodiments, hemp seed oil is 1.0% by weight of the oral care
composition.
[0029] In further embodiments, the invention provides for oral care
compositions comprising hemp seed oil and caprylyl glycol. In
certain embodiments, the oral care composition may optionally
further comprise one or more ingredients selected from hyaluronic
acid and aloe vera. Such compositions provide unique features, such
as oral comfort benefits. In some embodiments, the hemp seed oil is
present at 0.6 to 1.4% by weight of the composition. In certain
embodiments, the hemp seed oil is present at 0.8 to 1.2% by weight
of the oral care composition. In further embodiments, the hemp seed
oil is present at 1.0% by weight of the oral care composition. In
certain embodiments, the caprylyl glycol is present at a
concentration of 0.15 to 0.35%, by weight of the composition. In
further embodiments, the caprylyl glycol is present at a
concentration of 0.25%, by weight of the composition. In some
embodiments, the hemp seed oil is present at 0.6 to 1.4% and
caprylyl glycol is present at 0.15 to 0.35%, by weight of the
composition. In certain embodiments, the hemp seed oil is present
at 0.8 to 1.2% and caprylyl glycol is present at 0.2 to 0.3%, by
weight of the oral care composition. In further embodiments, the
hemp seed oil is present at 1.0% and caprylyl glycol is present at
0.2 to 0.3%, by weight of the oral care composition. In further
embodiments, the hemp seed oil is present at 1.0% and the caprylyl
glycol is present at a concentration of 0.25%, by weight of the
composition.
[0030] In some embodiments, the oral care composition contains hemp
seed oil, caprylyl glycol and aloe vera. In some embodiments, the
hemp seed oil is present at 0.6 to 1.4%, caprylyl glycol is present
at 0.15 to 0.35% and aloe vera is present at 0.15 to 0.35%, by
weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the hemp seed
oil is present at 0.8 to 1.2%, caprylyl glycol is present at 0.2 to
0.3% and aloe vera is present at 0.2 to 0.3%, by weight of the oral
care composition. In further embodiments, the hemp seed oil is
present at 1.0%, caprylyl glycol is present at 0.2 to 0.3% and aloe
vera is present at 0.2 to 0.3%, by weight of the oral care
composition. In certain embodiments, the hemp seed oil is present
at 1.0%, caprylyl glycol is present at a concentration of 0.25% and
aloe vera is present at 0.2 to 0.3%, by weight of the composition.
In further embodiments, the hemp seed oil is present at 1.0%,
caprylyl glycol is present at a concentration of 0.25% and aloe
vera is present at 0.25'%, by weight of the composition.
[0031] In some embodiments, the oral care composition contains hemp
seed oil, caprylyl glycol and hyaluronic acid. In some embodiments,
the hemp seed oil is present at 0.6 to 1.4%, caprylyl glycol is
present at 0.15 to 0.35% and hyaluronic acid is present at 0.01 to
0.1%; by weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, the
hemp seed oil is present at 0.8 to 1.2%, caprylyl glycol is present
at 0.2 to 0.3% and hyaluronic acid is present at 0.01 to 0.1%, by
weight of the oral care composition. In further embodiments, the
hemp seed oil is present at 1%, caprylyl glycol is present at 0.2
to 0.3%, and hyaluronic acid is present at 0.01 to 0.1%, by weight
of the composition. In further embodiments, the hemp seed oil is
present at 1.0%, caprylyl glycol is present at a concentration of
0.25% and hyaluronic acid is present at 0.05'%, by weight of the
composition.
[0032] The invention further provides a method to improve oral
health comprising applying an effective amount of an oral care
composition described herein to a subject in need thereof. In
certain embodiments, the oral health may be to reduce or inhibit
formation of dental caries; reduce, repair or inhibit early enamel
lesions; reduce or inhibit demineralization and promote
remineralization of the teeth; reduce hypersensitivity of the
teeth; reduce or inhibit gingivitis; promote healing of sores or
cuts in the mouth; reduce levels of acid producing bacteria; to
increase relative levels of arginolytic bacteria; inhibit microbial
biofilm formation in the oral cavity; raise and/or maintain plaque
pH at levels of at least pH 5.5 following sugar challenge; reduce
plaque accumulation; treat, relieve or reduce dry mouth; whiten
teeth; enhance systemic health, including cardiovascular health;
reduce erosion of the teeth; immunize the teeth against cariogenic
bacteria and their effects; clean the teeth and oral cavity; reduce
inflammation; increase anti-oxidant levels; reduce oral discomfort;
increase lubrication; reduce tissue friction due to drying; and
increase tissue hydration.
[0033] In certain embodiments, the hemp seed oil, caprylyl glycol
and optionally one or more ingredients selected from hyaluronic
acid and aloe vera are included in oral care compositions. In some
embodiments, the oral care composition may be selected from the
group selected from a toothpaste or a dentifrice, a mouth rinse, a
topical oral gel, a denture cleanser, dental strips, beads,
lozenge, varnish, and a paint-on composition. In some embodiments,
the oral care composition may be toothpaste or a dentifrice. In
some embodiments, the oral care composition may be a mouth rinse.
In some embodiments, the oral care composition may be a topical
oral gel and a denture cleanser.
[0034] In further embodiments, the invention is a method to improve
oral health comprising applying an effective amount of an oral
composition described herein to the oral cavity of a subject in
need thereof. In certain embodiments, the method includes use of
hemp seed oil, caprylyl glycol and optionally one or more
ingredients selected from hyaluronic acid and aloe vera. In certain
embodiments, the method includes an oral care composition which is
selected from the group consisting of a toothpaste or a dentifrice,
a mouthwash or a mouth rinse, a topical oral gel, a denture
cleanser, dental strips, beads, lozenge, varnish, paint-on
composition, toothpowder and the like.
[0035] The invention further provides methods to ameliorate and/or
prevent dry mouth discomfort, reduce oral discomfort, increase
lubrication, reduce tissue friction due to drying, and increase
tissue hydration, comprising applying an effective amount of a
composition of the invention, e.g., any of said compositions
described herein, to the oral cavity.
[0036] For example, the invention provides methods to ameliorate
and/or prevent dry mouth discomfort, reduce and inhibit acid
erosion of the enamel, reducing or inhibiting gum recession,
controlling microbial growth, clean the teeth, reduce
bacterially-generated biofilm and plaque, reduce gingivitis,
inhibit tooth decay and formation of cavities, and reduce dentinal
hypersensitivity, comprising applying an effective amount of a
composition of the invention, e.g., any of said compositions
described herein, to the oral cavity, and then rinsing with
sufficient water or aqueous solution.
[0037] Some embodiments provide a mouthwash for use in ameliorating
and/or preventing dry mouth discomfort, reducing or inhibiting acid
erosion of the enamel, reducing or inhibiting gum recession,
controlling microbial growth, cleaning the teeth, reducing
bacterially-generated biofilm and plaque, reducing gingivitis,
inhibiting tooth decay and formation of cavities, and/or reducing
dentinal hypersensitivity.
[0038] Some embodiments provide the use of hemp seed oil, caprylyl
glycol and optionally one or more ingredients selected from
hyaluronic acid and aloe vera to be included in oral care
compositions for the manufacture of a mouthwash. Other embodiments
provide a method of treating or reducing dental enamel erosion,
cleaning the teeth, reducing or inhibiting gum recession, reducing
bacterially-generated biofilm and plaque, reducing gingivitis,
inhibiting tooth decay and formation of cavities, and/or reducing
dentinal hypersensitivity comprising applying a mouthwash as
described herein. Other embodiments provide methods further
comprising the step of rinsing with sufficient water or aqueous
solution.
[0039] The invention further provides a method of making an oral
care composition comprising combining hemp seed oil, caprylyl
glycol and optionally one or more ingredients selected from
hyaluronic acid and aloe vera in an aqueous medium solution with
other oral care ingredients known to one of skill in the art. In
certain embodiments, the oral care composition is a toothpaste. In
certain embodiments, the oral care is a mouthwash base.
[0040] "Actives," means compounds that, when applied to a target
tissue, provide a benefit or improvement to the target tissue. The
actives can be delivered in the form of any oral care formulations,
for example a toothpaste, transparent paste, gel, mouthwash,
powder, cream, strip, spray, gum, or any other known in the
art.
[0041] If the ingredients are delivered in the form of a mouthwash,
a person desiring the benefits rinses with the solution containing
the ingredients of the invention. In certain embodiments, a dual
chamber may be implemented. In such aspects, a first chamber
contains one or more of the ingredients of the invention. The dual
chamber will also contain a second chamber containing solubilized
one or more further ingredients of the invention. Upon application,
the contents of the first and second chamber are mixed together,
thus producing the complete solution comprising each ingredient of
the invention.
[0042] In another embodiment, the mixture is prepared and
immediately transferred into a retaining tray, such as those used
in holding whitening gels, and the person can wear the tray for the
effective period of time. The teeth that are in contact with the
mixture will be treated. For use with retaining tray, the mixture
can be in the form of a low-viscosity liquid or a gel. In certain
embodiments, the complex is formulated in a composition comprising
carbopol.RTM. polymer, glycerin and water.
[0043] In another embodiment, the stock solution, or a mixture of
stock solution with water, is applied to the teeth in a gel
formulation, e.g., wherein the gel can stay on the tooth for an
extended period of time for effective treatment.
[0044] In another embodiment, the composition of the present
invention is a viscous liquid, preferably a gel, which maintains
its consistency during storage enabling the product to be painted
on the tooth surface with a soft applicator pen or brush. Some
embodiments provide a method utilizing an applicator to deliver the
composition, wherein the applicator is a pen and the pen is stored
within an oral care implement. In some embodiments, the pen is
removed from the oral care implement prior to application of the
composition to the tooth. In some embodiments, the composition is
applied to the tooth after brushing. In some embodiments, the
composition is applied to the tooth after brushing with the oral
care implement.
[0045] In certain embodiments, the composition is anhydrous. By
anhydrous, there is less than 5% by weight water, optionally less
than 4, less than 3, less than 2, less than 1, less than 0.5, less
than 0.1 down to 0% by weight water.
[0046] A dentifrice or paste for localized application to a
sensitive tooth site such as breeched cementum of an orally exposed
root surface may be one that is simpler in composition and applied
with a soft applicator. Such a dentifrice or paste may or may not
contain conventional abrasive, foaming agent, and flavoring agents.
Localized sites such as the dentine following tooth preparation for
a dental restoration also involve simpler compositions and include
fillers used in dental pulp cappings, cavity liners and cements and
any other ingredients required for the composition by those skilled
in the art (Craig et al., 1989, Restorative Dental Materials,
Mosby, St. Louis, pp. 189-225). For example, zinc oxide and eugenol
at levels of (20 and 25%, respectively) would be appropriate for
dental cement compositions.
[0047] In certain embodiments, oral care compositions having
ingredients of the invention further comprise one or more agents
selected from diluents, bicarbonate salts, pH modifying agents,
surfactants, foam modulators, additional thickening agents,
humectants, sweeteners, flavorants, pigments, antibacterial agents,
anticaries agents, fluoride ion sources, antioxidants,
anti-hypersensitivity agents, anti-calculus or tartar control
agents, and mixtures thereof.
[0048] The oral composition according to the present invention may
optionally include other materials, such as for example, cleaning
agents, flavouring agents, sweetening agents, adhesion agents,
surfactants, foam modulators, abrasives, pH modifying agents,
humectants, moisturizers, mouth feel agents, colorants, abrasives,
preservatives, fluoride ion source, saliva stimulating agents,
emollients, viscosity modifiers, diluents, emulsifiers, nutrients
and combinations thereof. Various components that may be added to
the oral composition include, for example, a sweetening agent such
as saccharin, or sodium saccharin, alcohols such as ethanol,
fluoride ion sources such as sodium fluoride, as well as glycerine,
sorbitol, polyethylene glycols. Poloxamer polymers such as
POLOXOMER.RTM. 407, PLURONIC.RTM. F108, (both available from BASF
Corporation), alkyl polyglycoside (APG), polysorbate, PEG40, castor
oil, menthol, and the like. It is understood that while general
attributes of each of the above categories of materials may differ,
there may be some common attributes and any given material may
serve multiple purposes within two or more of such categories of
materials. Preferably, such carrier materials are selected for
compatibility with the active ingredients, as well as with other
ingredients of the composition.
[0049] Some embodiments further comprise an effective amount of a
fluoride ion source within the composition.
[0050] In other embodiments, the invention comprises an orally
acceptable base comprising ingredients selected from one or more of
buffering agents, humectants, surfactants, thickeners, breath
fresheners, flavoring, fragrance, coloring, antibacterial agents,
whitening agents, agents that interfere with or prevent bacterial
attachment, calcium sources, phosphate sources, orally acceptable
potassium salts, and anionic polymers.
[0051] Compositions of the inventions optionally contain other
ingredients such as enzymes, vitamins and anti-adhesion agents.
Enzymes such as proteases can be added for anti-stain and other
effects. Non-limiting examples of vitamins include vitamin C,
vitamin E, vitamin B5, and folic acid. In various embodiments, the
vitamins have antioxidant properties. Anti-adhesion agents include
ethyl lauroyl arginine (ELAN), solbrol, ficin, silicone polymers
and derivatives, and quorum sensing inhibitors.
[0052] Flavorants among those useful herein include any material or
mixture of materials operable to enhance the taste of the
composition. Any orally acceptable natural or synthetic flavorant
can be used, such as essential oils, various flavoring aldehydes,
flavoring oils, esters, alcohols, similar materials, as well as
sweeteners such as sodium saccharin, and combinations thereof.
Examples of the essential oils include oils of spearmint,
peppermint, wintergreen, sassafras, clove, sage, eucalyptus,
marjoram, cinnamon, lemon, lime, grapefruit, and orange. Also
useful are such chemicals as menthol, carvone, and anethole.
Certain embodiments employ the oils of peppermint and spearmint.
Flavorants include vanillin, sage, marjoram, parsley oil, spearmint
oil, cinnamon oil, oil of wintergreen (methylsalicylate) peppermint
oil, clove oil, bay oil, anise oil, eucalyptus oil, citrus oils,
fruit oils and essences including those derived from lemon, orange,
lime, grapefruit, apricot, banana, grape, apple, strawberry,
cherry, pineapple, etc., bean- and nut-derived flavors such as
coffee, cocoa, cola, peanut, almond, etc., adsorbed and
encapsulated flavorants, and mixtures thereof. Also encompassed
within flavorants herein are ingredients that provide fragrance
and/or other sensory effect in the mouth, including cooling or
warming effects. Such ingredients include menthol, menthyl acetate,
menthyl lactate, camphor, eucalyptus oil, eucalyptol, anethole,
eugenol, cassia, oxanone, [alpha]-irisone, propenyl guaiethol,
thymol, linalool, benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde,
N-ethyl-p-menthan-3-carboxamine,
N,2,3-trimethyl-2-isopropylbutanamide,
3-1-menthoxypropane-1,2-diol, cinnamaldehyde glycerol acetal (CGA),
methane glycerol acetal (MGA) and mixtures thereof. One or more
flavorants are optionally present in a total amount of 0.01% to 5%,
optionally in various embodiments from 0.05 to 2%, from 0.1% to
2.5%, and from 0.1 to 1.0%.
[0053] Sweetening agents among those useful herein include
dextrose, polydextrose, sucrose, maltose, dextrin, dried invert
sugar, mannose, xylose, ribose, fructose, levulose galactose, corn
syrup, partially hydrolyzed starch, hydrogenated starch
hydrolysate, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, maltitol, isomalt,
aspartame, neotame, saccharin and salts thereof, sucralose,
dipeptide-based intense sweeteners, cyclamates, dihydrochalcones,
and mixtures thereof.
[0054] Mouth-feel agents include materials imparting a desirable
texture or other feeling during use of the composition of the
invention.
[0055] The composition may further comprise an antioxidant. Any
orally acceptable antioxidant can be used, including butylated
hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), vitamin A,
carotenoids, vitamin E, flavonoids, polyphenols, ascorbic acid,
herbal antioxidants, chlorophyll, melatonin, and mixtures
thereof.
[0056] Colorants among those useful herein include pigments, dyes,
lakes and agents imparting a particular luster or reflectivity such
as pearling agents. In various embodiments, colorants are operable
to provide a white or light-colored coating on a dental surface, to
act as an indicator of locations on a dental surface that have been
effectively contacted by the composition, and/or to modify
appearance, in particular color and/or opacity, of the composition
to enhance attractiveness to the consumer. Any orally acceptable
colorant can be used, including FD&C dyes and pigments, talc,
mica, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium silicate,
magnesium aluminum silicate, silica, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide,
red, yellow, brown and black iron oxides, ferric ammonium
ferrocyanide, manganese violet, ultramarine, titaniated mica,
bismuth oxychloride, and mixtures thereof. One or more colorants
are optionally present in a total amount of 0.001% to 20%, for
example 0.01% to 10% or 0.1% to 5%.
Active Agents:
[0057] The compositions of the invention may comprise various
agents which active to protect and enhance the strength and
integrity of the enamel and tooth structure and/or to reduce
bacteria and associated tooth decay and/or gum disease, including
or in addition to the zinc-amino acid-halide complexes. Effective
concentration of the active ingredients used herein will depend on
the particular agent and the delivery system used. It is understood
that a toothpaste, for example, will typically be diluted with
water upon use, while a mouth rinse typically will not be. Thus, an
effective concentration of active in a toothpaste will ordinarily
be 5-15.times. higher than required for a mouth rinse. The
concentration will also depend on the exact salt or polymer
selected. For example, where the active agent is provided in salt
form, the counterion will affect the weight of the salt, so that if
the counterion is heavier, more salt by weight will be required to
provide the same concentration of active ion in the final product.
Arginine, where present, may be present at levels from, e.g., about
0.1 to about 20 weight % (expressed as weight of free base), e.g.,
about 1 to about 10 weight % for a consumer toothpaste or about 7
to about 20 weight % for a professional or prescription treatment
product. Fluoride where present may be present at levels of, e.g.,
about 25 to about 25,000 ppm, for example about 750 to about 2,000
ppm for a consumer toothpaste, or about 2,000 to about 25,000 ppm
for a professional or prescription treatment product.
[0058] The compositions of the preferred embodiments also may
optionally contain one or more antibacterial agents. The
antibacterial agent may be selected from halogenated diphenyl ether
(e.g. triclosan), herbal extracts and essential oils (e.g.,
rosemary extract, tea extract, magnolia extract, thymol, menthol,
eucalyptol, geraniol, carvacrol, citral, hinokitol, catechol,
methyl salicylate, epigallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin,
gallic acid, miswak extract, sea-buckthorn extract), bisguanide
antiseptics (e.g., chlorhexidine, alexidine or octenidine),
quaternary ammonium compounds (e.g., cetylpyridinium chloride
(CPC), benzalkonium chloride, tetradecylpyridinium chloride (TPC),
N-tetradecyl-4-ethylpyridinium chloride (TDEPC)), phenolic
antiseptics, hexetidine, octenidine, sanguinarine, povidone iodine,
delmopinol, salifluor, metal ions (e.g., zinc salts, for example,
zinc citrate, zinc oxide, stannous salts, copper salts, iron
salts), sanguinarine propolis and oxygenating agents (e.g.,
hydrogen peroxide, buffered sodium peroxyborate or
peroxycarbonate), phthalic acid and its salts, monoperthalic acid
and its salts and esters, ascorbyl stearate, oleoyl sarcosine,
alkyl sulfate, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, salicylanilide, domiphen
bromide, delmopinol, octapinol and other piperidine derivatives,
nicin preparations, chlorite salts; and mixtures of any of the
foregoing. In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent preferably
is not triclosan, and may be selected from CPC, chlorhexidine, zinc
citrate, zinc oxide, and mixtures thereof. If used, the
antibacterial agent preferably is present in an amount of from
0.01% to 10%, for example from 0.025% to 5% by weight, more
preferably from 0.05% to 1%, or from 0.075% to 0.5% by weight,
based on the total weight of the composition. Levels of
antibacterial agents may vary depending on the oral composition,
with levels used in toothpaste being e.g., about 5 to about 15
times greater than used in mouth rinse. For example, a triclosan
toothpaste may contain about 0.3 weight % triclosan.
[0059] The oral care compositions may further include one or more
fluoride ion sources, e.g., soluble fluoride salts. A wide variety
of fluoride ion-yielding materials can be employed as sources of
soluble fluoride in the present compositions. Examples of suitable
fluoride ion-yielding materials are found in U.S. Pat. No.
3,535,421, to Briner et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,885,155, to Parran,
Jr. et al. and U.S. Pat. No, 3,678,154, to Widder et al.
Representative fluoride ion sources include, but are not limited
to, stannous fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride,
potassium monofluorophosphate, sodium monofluorophosphate, ammonium
monofluorophosphate, sodium fluorosilicate, ammonium
fluorosilicate, amine fluoride (such as, but not limited to,
olaflur (N'-octadecyltrimethylendiamine-N, N,
N'-tris(2-ethanol)-dihydrofluoride), ammonium fluoride, and
combinations thereof. In certain embodiments the fluoride ion
source includes stannous fluoride, sodium fluoride, sodium
monofluorophosphate as well as mixtures thereof. In certain
embodiments, the oral care composition of the invention may also
contain a source of fluoride ions or fluorine-providing ingredient
in amounts sufficient to supply about 25 ppm to about 25,000 ppm of
fluoride ions, generally at least about 100 ppm, e.g., about 500 to
about 2000 ppm, e.g., about 1000 to about 1600 ppm, e.g., about
1450 ppm. The appropriate level of fluoride will depend on the
particular application. A toothpaste for general consumer use would
typically have about 1000 to about 1500 ppm, with pediatric
toothpaste having somewhat less. A dentifrice or coating for
professional application could have as much as about 5,000 or even
about 25,000 ppm fluoride. Fluoride ion sources may be added to the
compositions of the invention at a level of about 0.01 weight % to
about 10 weight % in one embodiment or about 0.03 weight % to about
5 weight %, and in another embodiment about 0.1 weight % to about 1
weight % by weight of the composition in another embodiment.
Weights of fluoride salts to provide the appropriate level of
fluoride ion will obviously vary based on the weight of the
counterion in the salt.
[0060] The oral care compositions of the invention also may include
an agent to increase the amount of foam that is produced when the
oral cavity is brushed. Illustrative examples of agents that
increase the amount of foam include, but are not limited to
polyoxyethylene and certain polymers including, but not limited to,
alginate polymers. The polyoxyethylene may increase the amount of
foam and the thickness of the foam generated by the oral care
carrier component of the present invention. Polyoxyethylene is also
commonly known as polyethylene glycol ("PEG") or polyethylene
oxide. The polyoxyethylenes suitable for this invention will have a
molecular weight of about 200,000 to about 7,000,000. In one
embodiment the molecular weight will be about 600,000 to about
2,000,000 and in another embodiment about 800,000 to about
1,000,000. Polyox.RTM. is the trade name for the high molecular
weight polyoxyethylene produced by Union Carbide. The
polyoxyethylene may be present in an amount of about 1% to about
90%, in one embodiment about 5% to about 50% and in another
embodiment about 10% to about 20% by weight of the oral care
carrier component of the oral care compositions of the present
invention. Where present, the amount of foaming agent in the oral
care composition (i.e., a single dose) is about 0.01 to about 0.9%
by weight, about 0.05 to about 0.5% by weight, and in another
embodiment about 0.1 to about 0.2% by weight.
[0061] In various embodiments of the present invention, the
compositions comprise an anticalculus (tartar control) agent.
Suitable anticalculus agents include without limitation phosphates
and polyphosphates (for example pyrophosphates),
polyaminopropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), hexametaphosphate salts, zinc
citrate trihydrate, polypeptides, polyolefin sulfonates, polyolefin
phosphates, diphosphonates. The invention thus may comprise
phosphate salts. In particular embodiments, these salts are alkali
phosphate salts, i.e., salts of alkali metal hydroxides or alkaline
earth hydroxides, for example, sodium, potassium or calcium salts,
"Phosphate" as used herein encompasses orally acceptable mono- and
polyphosphates, for example, P1-6 phosphates, for example monomeric
phosphates such as monobasic, dibasic or tribasic phosphate;
dimeric phosphates such as pyrophosphates; and multimeric
phosphates, e.g., sodium hexametaphosphate. In particular examples,
the selected phosphate is selected from alkali dibasic phosphate
and alkali pyrophosphate salts, e.g., selected from sodium
phosphate dibasic, potassium phosphate dibasic, dicalcium phosphate
dihydrate, calcium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate,
tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, and mixtures
of any of two or more of these. In a particular embodiment, for
example the compositions comprise a mixture of tetrasodium
pyrophosphate (Na.sub.4P.sub.2O.sub.7), calcium pyrophosphate
(Ca.sub.2P.sub.2O.sub.7), and sodium phosphate dibasic
(Na.sub.2HPO.sub.4), e.g., in amounts of ca. 3-4% of the sodium
phosphate dibasic and ca. 0.2-1% of each of the pyrophosphates. In
another embodiment, the compositions comprise a mixture of
tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) and sodium tripolyphosphate
(STPP)(Na.sub.5P.sub.3O.sub.10), e.g., in proportions of TSPP at
about 1-2% and STPP at about 7% to about 10%. Such phosphates are
provided in an amount effective to reduce erosion of the enamel, to
aid in cleaning the teeth, and/or to reduce tartar buildup on the
teeth, for example in an amount of 2-20%, e.g., ca. 5-15%, by
weight of the composition.
[0062] The composition of the present invention may optionally
incorporate one or more antisensitivity agents, e.g., potassium
salts such as potassium nitrate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium
chloride, potassium citrate, and potassium oxalate; capsaicin;
eugenol; strontium salts; and combinations thereof. Such agents may
be added in effective amounts, e.g., from about 1 wt. % to about 20
wt. % by weight based on the total weight of the composition,
depending on the agent chosen.
[0063] The oral care compositions of the invention may also include
additional polymers to adjust the viscosity of the formulation or
enhance the solubility of other ingredients. Such additional
polymers include polyethylene glycols, polyvinyl methyl ether
maleic acid copolymers, polysaccharides (e.g., cellulose
derivatives, for example carboxymethyl cellulose, or polysaccharide
gums, for example xanthan gum or carrageenan gum). Acidic polymers,
for example polyacrylate gels, may be provided in the form of their
free acids or partially or fully neutralized water soluble alkali
metal (e.g., potassium and sodium) or ammonium salts. Certain
embodiments include 1:4 to 4:1 copolymers of maleic anhydride or
acid with another polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer,
for example, methyl vinyl ether (methoxyethylene) having a
molecular weight (M.W.) of about 30,000 to about 1,000,000. These
copolymers are available for example as Gantrez AN 139(M.W.
500,000), AN 1 19 (M.W. 250,000) and S-97 Pharmaceutical Grade
(M.W. 70,000), of GAF Chemicals Corporation.
[0064] Other operative polymers include those such as the 1:1
copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl
methacrylate, N-vinyl-2-pyrollidone, or ethylene, the latter being
available for example as Monsanto EMA No. 1 103, M.W. 10,000 and
EMA Grade 61, and 1:1 copolymers of acrylic acid with methyl or
hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methyl or ethyl acrylate, isobutyl vinyl
ether or N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone.
[0065] Suitable generally, are polymerized olefinically or
ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids containing an activated
carbon-to-carbon olefinic double bond and at least one carboxyl
group, that is, an acid containing an olefinic double bond which
readily functions in polymerization because of its presence in the
monomer molecule either in the alpha-beta position with respect to
a carboxyl group or as part of a terminal methylene grouping.
Illustrative of such acids are acrylic, methacrylic, ethacrylic,
alpha-chloroacrylic, crotonic, beta-acryloxy propionic, sorbic,
alpha-chlorsorbic, cinnamic, beta-styrylacrylic, muconic, itaconic,
citraconic, mesaconic, glutaconic, aconitic, alpha-phenylacrylic,
2-benzyl acrylic, 2-cyclohexylacrylic, angelic, umbellic, fumaric,
maleic acids and anhydrides. Other different olefinic monomers
copolymerizable with such carboxylic monomers include vinylacetate,
vinyl chloride, dimethyl maleate and the like. Copolymers contain
sufficient carboxylic salt groups for water-solubility.
[0066] A further class of polymeric agents includes a composition
containing homopolymers of substituted acrylamides and/or
homopolymers of unsaturated sulfonic acids and salts thereof, in
particular where polymers are based on unsaturated sulfonic acids
selected from acrylamidoalykane sulfonic acids such as 2-acrylamide
2 methylpropane sulfonic acid having a molecular weight of about
1,000 to about 2,000,000, described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,842,847,
Jun. 27, 1989 to Zahid, incorporated herein by reference.
[0067] Another useful class of polymeric agents includes polyamino
acids, particularly those containing proportions of anionic
surface-active amino acids such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid and
phosphoserine, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No, 4,866,161 Sikes et
al., incorporated herein by reference.
[0068] Silica thickeners, which form polymeric structures or gels
in aqueous media, may be present. Note that these silica thickeners
are physically and functionally distinct from the particulate
silica abrasives also present in the compositions, as the silica
thickeners are very finely divided and provide little or no
abrasive action. Other thickening agents are carboxyvinyl polymers,
carrageenan, hydroxyethyl cellulose and water soluble salts of
cellulose ethers such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium
carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose. Natural gums such as karaya,
gum arabic, and gum tragacanth can also be incorporated. Colloidal
magnesium aluminum silicate can also be used as component of the
thickening composition to further improve the composition's
texture. In certain embodiments, thickening agents in an amount of
about 0.5% to about 5.0% by weight of the total composition are
used.
[0069] The compositions of the invention may include an anionic
polymer, for example in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 5%.
Such agents are known generally for use in dentifrice, although not
for this particular application, useful in the present invention
are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,188,821 and 5,192,531; and
include synthetic anionic polymeric polycarboxylates, such as 1:4
to 4:1 copolymers of maleic anhydride or acid with another
polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer, preferably methyl
vinyl ether/maleic anhydride having a molecular weight (M.W.) of
about 30,000 to about 1,000,000, most preferably about 300,000 to
about 800,000. These copolymers are available for example as
Gantrez. e.g., AN 139 (M.W. 500,000), AN 119 (M.W. 250,000) and
preferably S-97 Pharmaceutical Grade (M.W. 700,000) available from
ISP Technologies, Inc., Bound Brook, N.J. The enhancing agents when
present are present in amounts ranging from about 0.05 to about 3%
by weight. Other operative polymers include those such as the 1:1
copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl
methacrylate, N-vinyl-2-pyrollidone, or ethylene, the latter being
available for example as Monsanto EMA No. 1103, M.W. 10,000 and EMA
Grade 61, and 1:1 copolymers of acrylic acid with methyl or
hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methyl or ethyl acrylate, isobutyl vinyl
ether or N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. Suitable generally, are polymerized
olefinically or ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids
containing an activated carbon-to-carbon olefinic double bond and
at least one carboxyl group, that is, an acid containing an
olefinic double bond which readily functions in polymerization
because of its presence in the monomer molecule either in the
alpha-beta position with respect to a carboxyl group or as part of
a terminal methylene grouping. Illustrative of such acids are
acrylic, methacrylic, ethacrylic, alpha-chloroacrylic, crotonic,
beta-acryloxy propionic, sorbic, alpha-chlorsorbic, cinnamic,
beta-styrylacrylic, muconic, itaconic, citraconic, mesaconic,
glutaconic, aconitic, alpha-phenylacrylic, 2-benzyl acrylic,
2-cyclohexylacrylic, angelic, umbellic, fumaric, maleic acids and
anhydrides. Other different olefinic monomers copolymerizable with
such carboxylic monomers include vinylacetate, vinyl chloride,
dimethyl maleate and the like. Copolymers contain sufficient
carboxylic salt groups for water-solubility. A further class of
polymeric agents includes a composition containing homopolymers of
substituted acrylamides and/or homopolymers of unsaturated sulfonic
acids and salts thereof, in particular where polymers are based on
unsaturated sulfonic acids selected from acrylamidoalykane sulfonic
acids such as 2-acrylamide 2 methylpropane sulfonic acid having a
molecular weight of about 1,000 to about 2,000,000, described in
U.S. Pat. No, 4,842,847, Jun. 27, 1989 to Zahid. Another useful
class of polymeric agents includes polyamino acids containing
proportions of anionic surface-active amino acids such as aspartic
acid, glutamic acid and phosphoserine, e.g. as disclosed in U.S.
Pat. No. 4,866,161 Sikes et al.
[0070] The oral compositions may comprise significant levels of
water. Water employed in the preparation of commercial oral
compositions should be deionized and free of organic impurities.
The amount of water in the compositions includes the free water
which is added plus that amount which is introduced with other
materials.
[0071] Within certain embodiments of the oral compositions, it is
also desirable to incorporate a humectant to reduce evaporation and
also contribute towards preservation by lowering water activity.
Certain humectants can also impart desirable sweetness or flavor to
the compositions. The humectant may be present in the composition
in an amount of from 10 weight % to 40 weight % in one embodiment,
or from 15 weight % to 30 weight % in another embodiment, by total
weight of the composition. Suitable humectants include edible
polyhydric alcohols such as glycerine, sorbitol, xylitol, propylene
glycol as well as other polyols and mixtures of these. Typically,
the composition of the present invention comprises a combination of
glycerine and sorbitol.
[0072] In addition to the above-described components, the
embodiments of this invention can contain a variety of optional
dentifrice ingredients some of which are described below. Optional
ingredients include, for example, but are not limited to,
adhesives, sudsing agents, flavoring agents, sweetening agents,
additional antiplaque agents, abrasives, and coloring agents. These
and other optional components are further described in U.S. Pat.
No. 5,004,597, to Majeti; U.S. Pat. No. 3,959,458 to Agricola et
al. and U.S. Pat. No. 3,937,807, to Haefele, all being incorporated
herein by reference.
[0073] The basic amino acids which can be used in the compositions
and methods of the invention include not only naturally occurring
basic amino acids, such as arginine, lysine, and histidine, but
also any basic amino acids having a carboxyl group and an amino
group in the molecule, which are water-soluble and provide an
aqueous solution with a pH of 7 or greater.
[0074] Accordingly, basic amino acids include, but are not limited
to, arginine, lysine, serine, citrullene, ornithine, creatine,
histidine, diaminobutanoic acid, diaminoproprionic acid, salts
thereof or combinations thereof. In a particular embodiment, the
basic amino acids are selected from arginine, citrullene, and
ornithine. In certain embodiments, the basic amino acid is
arginine, for example, L-arginine, or a salt thereof.
[0075] In certain embodiments, the basic amino acid is present in
an amount corresponding to 0.1% to 15%, e.g., 0.1 weight % to 10
weight %, e.g., 0.1 to 5 wt %, e.g., 0,5 weight % to 3 weight % of
the total composition weight, about e.g., 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%,
or 8%, wherein the weight of the basic amino acid is calculated as
free form.
[0076] In certain embodiments, salts are used within the
formulation. Suitable salts include salts known in the art to be
pharmaceutically acceptable salts and are generally considered to
be physiologically acceptable in the amounts and concentrations
provided. Physiologically acceptable salts include those derived
from pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acids or
bases, for example acid addition salts formed by acids which form a
physiological acceptable anion, e.g., hydrochloride or bromide
salt, and base addition salts formed by bases which form a
physiologically acceptable cation, for example those derived from
alkali metals such as potassium and sodium or alkaline earth metals
such as calcium and magnesium. Physiologically acceptable salts may
be obtained using standard procedures known in the art, for
example, by reacting a sufficiently basic compound such as an amine
with a suitable acid affording a physiologically acceptable
anion.
[0077] The invention may, in some embodiments, contain anionic
surfactants, for example, water-soluble salts of higher fatty acid
monoglyceride monosulfates, such as the sodium salt of the
monosulfated monoglyceride of hydrogenated coconut oil fatty acids
such as sodium N-methyl N-cocoyl taurate, sodium cocomo-glyceride
sulfate; higher alkyl sulfates, such as sodium lauryl sulfate;
higher alkyl-ether sulfates, e.g., of formula
CH.sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.mCH.sub.2(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.nOSO.sub.3X,
wherein m is 6-16, e.g., 10, n is 1-6, e.g., 2, 3 or 4, and X is Na
or, for example sodium laureth-2 sulfate
(CH.sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.10CH.sub.2(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.2OSO.sub.3Na);
higher alkyl aryl sulfonates such as sodium dodecyl benzene
sulfonate (sodium lauryl benzene sulfonate); higher alkyl
sulfoacetates, such as sodium lauryl sulfoacetate (dodecyl sodium
sulfoacetate), higher fatty acid esters of 1,2 dihydroxy propane
sulfonate, sulfocolaurate (N-2-ethyl laurate potassium
sulfoacetamide) and sodium lauryl sarcosinate. By "higher alkyl" is
meant, e.g., C.sub.6-30 alkyl. In particular embodiments, the
anionic surfactant (where present) is selected from sodium lauryl
sulfate and sodium ether lauryl sulfate. When present, the anionic
surfactant is present in an amount which is effective, e.g.,
>0.001% by weight of the formulation, but not at a concentration
which would be irritating to the oral tissue, e.g., 1%, and optimal
concentrations depend on the particular formulation and the
particular surfactant. In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant is
present at from 0.03% to 5% by weight, e.g., 1.5%.
[0078] In another embodiment, cationic surfactants useful in the
present invention can be broadly defined as derivatives of
aliphatic quaternary ammonium compounds having one long alkyl chain
containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms such as lauryl trimethylammonium
chloride, cetyl pyridinium chloride, cetyl trimethylammonium
bromide, di-isobutylphenoxyethyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride,
coconut alkyltrimethylammonium nitrite, cetyl pyridinium fluoride,
and mixtures thereof. Illustrative cationic surfactants are the
quaternary ammonium fluorides described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,535,421,
to Briner et al., herein incorporated by reference. Certain
cationic surfactants can also act as germicides in the
compositions.
[0079] Illustrative nonionic surfactants that can be used in the
compositions of the invention can be broadly defined as compounds
produced by condensation of alkylene oxide groups (hydrophilic in
nature) with an organic hydrophobic compound which may be aliphatic
or alkylaromatic in nature. Examples of suitable nonionic
surfactants include, but are not limited to, the Pluronics,
polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, products derived
from the condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction product
of propylene oxide and ethylene diamine, ethylene oxide condensates
of aliphatic alcohols, long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain
tertiary phosphine oxides, long chain dialkyl sulfoxides and
mixtures of such materials. In a particular embodiment, the
composition of the invention comprises a nonionic surfactant
selected from polaxamers (e.g., polaxamer 407), polysorbates (e.g.,
polysorbate 20), polyoxyl hydrogenated castor oils (e.g., polyoxyl
40 hydrogenated castor oil), and mixtures thereof.
[0080] Illustrative amphoteric surfactants of that can be used in
the compositions of the invention include betaines (such as
cocamidopropylbetaine), derivatives of aliphatic secondary and
tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be a straight or
branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents
contains about 8-18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic
water-solubilizing group (such as carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate,
phosphate or phosphonate), and mixtures of such materials.
[0081] The surfactant or mixtures of compatible surfactants can be
present in the compositions of the present invention in 0.1% to
10%, in another embodiment 0.3% to 7% and in another embodiment
0.5% to 2% by weight of the total composition.
[0082] The oral care compositions of the invention may also include
a flavoring agent. Flavoring agents which are used in the practice
of the present invention include, but are not limited to, essential
oils and various flavoring aldehydes, esters, alcohols, and similar
materials, as well as sweeteners such as sodium saccharin. Examples
of the essential oils include oils of spearmint, peppermint,
wintergreen, sassafras, clove, sage, eucalyptus, marjoram,
cinnamon, lemon, lime, grapefruit, and orange. Also useful are such
chemicals as menthol, carvone, and anethole. Certain embodiments
employ the oils of peppermint and spearmint. The flavoring agent
may be incorporated in the oral composition at a concentration of
0.01 to 1.5% by weight of the composition.
[0083] The oral care compositions of the invention also may include
one or more chelating agents able to complex calcium found in the
cell walls of the bacteria. Binding of this calcium weakens the
bacterial cell wall and augments bacterial lysis.
[0084] Another group of agents suitable for use as chelating or
anti-calculus agents in the present invention are the soluble
pyrophosphates. The pyrophosphate salts used in the present
compositions can be any of the alkali metal pyrophosphate salts. In
certain embodiments, salts include tetra alkali metal
pyrophosphate, dialkali metal diacid pyrophosphate, trialkali metal
monoacid pyrophosphate and mixtures thereof, wherein the alkali
metals are sodium or potassium. The salts are useful in both their
hydrated and unhydrated forms. An effective amount of pyrophosphate
salt useful in the present composition is generally enough to
provide least 0.1 weight % pyrophosphate ions, e.g., 0.1 to 3 wt 5,
e.g., 0.1 to 2 weight %, e.g., 0.1 to 1 wt %, e.g., 0.2 to 0.5 wt
%. The pyrophosphates also contribute to preservation of the
compositions by lowering water activity.
[0085] In preparing oral care compositions, it is sometimes
necessary to add some thickening material to provide a desirable
consistency or to stabilize or enhance the performance of the
formulation. In certain embodiments, the thickening agents are
carboxyvinyl polymers, carrageenan, xanthan gum, hydroxyethyl
cellulose and water soluble salts of cellulose ethers such as
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl
hydroxyethyl cellulose. Natural gums such as karaya, gum arabic,
and gum tragacanth can also be incorporated. Silica may also be
available as a thickening agent, e.g., synthetic amorphous silica.
Colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate or finely divided silica can
be used as component of the thickening composition to further
improve the composition's texture. In certain embodiments,
thickening agents in an amount of about 0.5% to about 5.0% by
weight of the total composition are used. Thickeners may be present
in an amount of from 1 weight % to 15 weight %, from 3 weight % to
10 weight %, 4 weight % to 9 weight %, from 5 weight % to 8 weight
%, for example 5 weight %, 6 weight %, 7 weight %, or 8 weight
%.
[0086] Natural calcium carbonate is found in rocks such as chalk,
limestone, marble and travertine. It is also the principle
component of egg shells and the shells of mollusks. The natural
calcium carbonate abrasive of the invention is typically a finely
ground limestone which may optionally be refined or partially
refined to remove impurities. For use in the present invention, the
material has an average particle size of less than 10 microns,
e.g., 3-7 microns, e.g. about 5.5 microns. For example, a small
particle silica may have an average particle size (D50) of 2.5-4.5
microns. Simply because natural calcium carbonate may contain a
high proportion of relatively large particles of not carefully
controlled, which may unacceptably increase the abrasivity,
preferably no more than 0.01%, preferably no more than 0.004% by
weight of particles would not pass through a 325 mesh. The material
has strong crystal structure, and is thus much harder and more
abrasive than precipitated calcium carbonate. The tap density for
the natural calcium carbonate is for example between 1 and 1.5
g/cc, e.g., about 1.2 for example about 1.19 g/cc. There are
different polymorphs of natural calcium carbonate, e.g., calcite,
aragonite and vaterite, calcite being preferred for purposes of
this invention. An example of a commercially available product
suitable for use in the present invention includes Vicron.RTM.
25-11 FG from GMZ.
[0087] Precipitated calcium carbonate is generally made by
calcining limestone, to make calcium oxide (lime), which can then
be converted back to calcium carbonate by reaction with carbon
dioxide in water. Precipitated calcium carbonate has a different
crystal structure from natural calcium carbonate. It is generally
more friable and more porous, thus having lower abrasivity and
higher water absorption. For use in the present invention, the
particles are small, e.g., having an average particle size of 1-5
microns, and e.g., no more than 0.1%, preferably no more than 0.05%
by weight of particles which would not pass through a 325 mesh. The
particles may for example have a D50 of 3-6 microns, for example
3.8=4.9, e.g., about 4.3; a D50 of 1-4 microns, e.g. 2.2-2.6
microns, e.g., about 2.4 microns, and a D10 of 1-2 microns, e.g.,
1.2-1.4, e.g. about 1.3 microns. The particles have relatively high
water absorption, e.g., at least 25 g/100 g, e.g. 30-70 g/100 g.
Examples of commercially available products suitable for use in the
present invention include, for example, Carbolag.RTM. 15 Plus from
Lagos Industria Quimica.
[0088] In certain embodiments the invention may comprise additional
calcium-containing abrasives, for example calcium phosphate
abrasive, e.g., tricalcium phosphate (Ca.sub.3(PO.sub.4).sub.2),
hydroxyapatite (Ca.sub.10(PO.sub.4).sub.6(OH).sub.2), or dicalcium
phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO.sub.4.2H.sub.2O, also sometimes referred
to herein as DiCal) or calcium pyrophosphate, and/or silica
abrasives, sodium metaphosphate, potassium metaphosphate, aluminum
silicate, calcined alumina, bentonite or other siliceous materials,
or combinations thereof.
[0089] In certain embodiments, any silica suitable for oral care
compositions may be used, such as precipitated silicas or silica
gels. For example, the silica can also be small particle silica
(e.g., Sorbosil AC43 from PQ, Warrington, United Kingdom). The
composition preferable contains from 5 to 20 weight % small
particle silica, or for example 10-15 weight %, or for example 5
weight %, 10 wt %, 15 weight % or 20 weight % small particle
silica.
[0090] In another embodiment, the abrasive may be high cleaning
precipitated silica having a pellicle cleaning ratio (PCR) of
greater than 85 when tested at 20% loading is known in the art as
high cleaning silica. Typically, high cleaning silica also has a
mean particle size d.sub.50 of from 5 to 15 .mu.m and an oil
absorption of from 40 to 120 cm.sup.3/100 g silica. The cleaning
efficacy of the precipitated silica is expressed using the pellicle
cleaning ratio (PCR). This is typically measured at 20% silica
loading. The high cleaning silica preferably has a PCR value of
greater than 85. The efficacy of the precipitated silica can also
be expressed with reference to its abrasive characteristic using
the radioactive dentin abrasion (RDA). Ideally, RDA values for an
oral composition should be below about 250 to protect tooth
enamel/dentin. Methods of performing PCR and RDA are described in
e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,939,051 and 6,290,933 and "In Vitro Removal
of Stain With Dentifrice", G. K. Stookey et al., J. Dental
Research, Vol. 61, pages 1236-9, November 1982. Typically, the
precipitated silica has a mean particle size d.sub.50 of from 5 to
15 .mu.m and an oil absorption of from 40 to 120 cm.sup.3/100 g
silica. Examples of precipitated silica having a mean particle size
d.sub.50 of from 5 to 15 .mu.m and an oil absorption of from 40 to
120 cm.sup.3/100 g silica including commercially available silicas
such as Zeodent.RTM.103 and Zeodent.RTM.105 (Huber Silica
Americas).
[0091] The composition preferable contains from 3 to 20 weight %
high cleaning precipitated silica, or for example 10-15 weight %,
or for example 5 weight %, 10 wt %, 15 weight % or 20 weight % high
cleaning precipitated silica.
[0092] The composition may also comprise an abrasive silica having
an acid pH in the composition. For example, prophy silica available
from Grace, offered as Sylodent.TM., can be used. The acidic silica
abrasive is included in the dentifrice components at a
concentration of about 2 to about 35% by weight; about 3 to about
20% by weight, about 3 to about 15% by weight, about 10 to about
15% by weight. In certain embodiments, the acidic silica abrasive
may be present in an amount between 2-7%. In other embodiments, it
may be present in an amount between 7-15% by weight. Still on other
embodiments, it may be present in an amount between 15-30% by
weight. example, the acidic silica abrasive may be present in an
amount selected from 2 wt. %, 3 wt. %, 4 wt. %, 5 wt. %, 6 wt. %, 7
wt. %, 8 wt. %, 9 wt. %, 10 wt. %, 11 wt. %, 12 wt. %, 13 wt. %, 14
wt. %, 15 wt. %, 16 wt. %, 17 wt. %, 18 wt. %, 19 wt. %, 20 wt.
%.
[0093] A commercially available acidic silica abrasive is Sylodent
783 available from W. R. Grace & Company (Baltimore, Md.).
Sylodent 783 has a pH of 3.4-4.2 when measured as a 5% by weight
slurry in water. For use in the present invention, the silica
material has an average particle size of less than 10 microns,
e.g., 3-7 microns, e.g. about 5.5 microns.
[0094] In some embodiments, the compositions of the present
disclosure contain a buffering agent. Examples of buffering agents
include anhydrous carbonates such as sodium carbonate,
sesquicarbonates, bicarbonates such as sodium bicarbonate,
silicates, bisulfates, phosphates (e.g., monopotassium phosphate,
&potassium phosphate, tribasic sodium phosphate, sodium
tripolyphosphate, phosphoric acid), citrates (e.g. citric acid,
trisodium citrate dehydrate), pyrophosphates (sodium and potassium
salts) and combinations thereof. The amount of buffering agent is
sufficient to provide a pH of about 5 to about 9, preferable about
6 to about 8, and more preferable about 7, when the composition is
dissolved in water, a mouth rinse base, or a toothpaste base.
Typical amounts of buffering agent are about 5% to about 35%, in
one embodiment about 10% to about 30%, in another embodiment about
15% to about 25%, by weight of the total composition.
[0095] Various other materials may be incorporated in the oral
preparations of this invention such as whitening agents,
preservatives, silicones, chlorophyll compounds and/or ammoniated
material such as urea, diammonium phosphate, and mixtures thereof.
These adjuvants, where present, are incorporated in the
preparations in amounts which do not substantially adversely affect
the properties and characteristics desired.
[0096] The present invention in its method aspect involves applying
to the oral cavity a safe and effective amount of the compositions
described herein.
[0097] The following examples further describe and demonstrate
illustrative embodiments within the scope of the present invention.
The examples are given solely for illustration and are not to be
construed as limitations of this invention as many variations are
possible without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.
Various modifications of the invention in addition to those shown
and described herein should be apparent to those skilled in the art
and are intended to fall within the appended claims.
EXAMPLE 1
Measurement of Frictional Coefficient
[0098] The apparatus used in these studies uses a modification of a
butterfly haptics Magnetic Levitation Haptic Device (MLHD)
manufactured by Butterfly Haptics (Pittsburgh, Pa.) and a custom
tactor (see Yardley et al., Skin Research and Technology, 2016; 22:
115-127). The MLHD is a six degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) device which
uses six Lorentz actuator coils to produce rotational and linear
forces on a central component known as the `flotor`. While in
operation, the flotor of the MLHD has no physical contact with the
rest of the device, and as a result there is no friction or
backlash produced. The MLHD is capable of moving the flotor in a 24
mm spherical diameter with a position resolution of <2.0 microns
and a position bandwidth of 140 Hz. The MLHD is also capable of
producing a maximum force of 40 N at a bandwidth of >2000 Hz
with a resolution of 20 mN.
[0099] Since the MLHD does not come equipped with a force/torque
sensor, the flotor of the MLHD was modified to accept an ATI
Nano-17 6-axis force/torque sensor (ATI Industrial Automation,
Apex, N.C.). The sensor was fastened between two aluminum plates of
area 968 mm.sup.2 with the tactor bolted to both aluminum plates
and a brass coupler secured to the bottom plate.
[0100] In order to test in vitro porcine tongues with the MLHD, a
platform was constructed to hold the tongue sample and allow the
tactor to make contact with it. The platform was custom made from a
762 mm.times.203 mm.times.3.2 mm aluminum plate with a 38.1
mm.times.19 mm slot milled in the center to expose a section of the
tongue sample to be tested. The dimensions of the slot were
experimentally determined. The platform was secured to a pair of
laboratory jacks by fitting two screws into each jack. The screws
were placed through a pair of corresponding holes located at each
end of the platform and the position of the jacks was maintained by
using masking tape to mark two square areas on the desk housing the
MLHD. A platform height of 114 mm was used.
[0101] Once a tongue sample was secured to the platform, the
control algorithm was activated and the tactor moved across the
surface of the tongue sample. The tactor moved a length of 22 mm
ten times while maintaining a constant normal force of 0.1 N and a
velocity of 1 mm/second. Since the length of the MLHD workspace is
24 mm along the x-axis, the 22 mm stroking distance allows a
maximum amount of data to be collected while maintaining a safe
distance from the edge of the workspace.
[0102] Porcine tongue closely approximates human tongue. Each has
anterior sections which are covered by fungiform papillae scattered
between filiform papillae. Fungiform papillae are mushroom shaped
and contain taste buds. Filiform papillae are the most numerous
papillae and increase friction between the tongue and the food. The
filiform papillae of the human and porcine tongues have the same
shape and similar keratinisation processes and the interpapiliary
epithelium is parakeratotic.
[0103] Porcine tongues were stored in a freezer at approximately
-20.degree. C. In order to prepare the tongues for testing, each
one was thawed, rinsed with cold tap water, patted dry with a paper
towel, and two pieces were cut approximately 2.5'' from the
anterior of the tongue for use. Each piece of the tongue
constitutes one tongue sample. Each tongue sample was placed on the
aluminum platform with a plastic plate bolted on top to secure the
sample. The reverse side of this platform had the exposed surface
of the tongue. The aluminum platform was subsequently placed with
the center of the exposed region over the tactor. The MLHD was set
to ten strokes with a length of 22 mm and a normal force of 0.1 N.
Each tongue sample was tested in ambient temperature and
humidity.
[0104] Five mouthwash solutions listed in Table la were tested on
10 tongue samples each (n=10). Final concentrations were as
follows: Hemp Seed Oil: 1%, Caprylyl Glycol: 0.25%, Aloe Vera Oil:
0.25%, and Hyaluronic Acid: 0.05%. The tongue samples were dried in
ambient conditions for 45 minutes after which the friction
coefficient was determined. Those tongue samples not treated with
artificial saliva or mouthwash are referred to as untreated.
Subsequent to drying the tongue samples, a coating of 0.5 mL of
artificial saliva was evenly applied onto each tongue sample in
order to simulate a natural condition. This was performed to
simulate a general oral condition where oral tissues are always
coated with some level of saliva. Next was applied a 0.5 mL coating
of a selected mouthwash solution.
Tables 1a and 1b: Mouthwash Formulations
TABLE-US-00001 [0105] Mouthwash Abbreviation Key Ingredients A
Glycerin, Xylitol, Sorbitol, Propylene glycol, Poloxamer 407,
Hydroxymethyl cellulose B Hemp seed oil, White Mineral Oil (WMO),
Glycerin, Sorbitol, Na- saccharin, Sucralose, Citric acid C Hemp
Seed Oil, Caprylyl Glycol, WMO, Glycerin, Sorbitol, Na-saccharin.
Sucralose, Citric Acid D Hemp seed oil, Caprylyl glycol, Aloe vera
oil, WMO, Glycerin, Sorbitol, Na-saccharin, Sucralose, Citric acid
E Hemp seed oil, Captrylyl Glycol, Hyaluronic Acid, WMO, Glycerin,
Sorbitol, Na-saccharin, Sucralose, Citric acid
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1b Mouthwash Formulations Mouthwash C
Mouthwash D Mouthwash E Mouthwash B (HSO + (HSO + CG + (HSO + CG +
(Hemp Seed Caprylyl Aloe Vera Oil, Hyaluronic Acid, Ingredient Oil,
HSO) Glycol, CG) AV) HA) White mineral 13.0000 13.0000 13.0000
13.0000 oil-Heavy DPMW 1.40000 1.4000 1.4000 1.4000 Peppermint type
LC Flavor Demineralized 71.3124 71.0624 70.8124 71.0124 water
99.0%-101.0% 7.5000 7.5000 7.5000 7.5000 Glycerin Hemp seed oil
1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Caprylyl glycol 0.0000 0.2500 0.2500
0.2500 Aloe Vera Oil 0.0000 0.0000 0.2500 0.0000 Hyaluronic 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0500 Acid Potassium 0.1000 0.1000 0.1000 0.1000
sorbate Sodium 0.0800 0.0800 0.0800 0.0800 saccharin
Cetylpyridinium 0.0750 0.0750 0.0750 0.0750 chloride Sorbitol -
Non- 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000 Crystal - 70% soln Citric acid -
0.0300 0.0300 0.0300 0.0300 anhydrous Sucralose 0.0020 0.0020
0.0020 0.0020 FD&C Blue No. 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 1 (CI
42090)
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Reduction in friction coefficient on porcine
tongue surface treated with mouthwash products. Friction
Coefficient (n = 10) Untreated tongue Treated tongue Mouthwash
(stdev) (stdev) A 0.8330 0.4656 (0.1558) (0.0819) B 0.7879 0.4018
(0.0593) (0.0400) C 0.7492 0.3902 (0.0906) (0.0409) D 0.6969 0.3781
(0.0782) (0.0398) E 0.7032 0.3631 (0.0925) 0.0451
[0106] These mouthwash solutions resulted in statistically
significant differences in the friction coefficient relative to
each other. Certain mouthwash formulations, e.g. mouthwash
containing hemp seed oil and caprylyl glycol, produced lower
friction coefficients compared to the control formulation of
Mouthwash A and untreated samples. We hypothesize that lower
friction coefficients here correlate with a distinct sensation of
smoothness (oral comfort) while maintaining a sensation of
hydration (high moisture level) for a subject.
EXAMPLE 2
In Vitro Analysis of Moisture Retention Capacity
[0107] A qualitative method was developed to evaluate and
demonstrate moisture retention capacity of mouthwash products. This
method utilizes Vitro Skin.TM. (IMS Inc., Portland, Me.) as a model
substrate. Vitro skin.TM. is an advanced testing substrate that
mimics the surface properties of human skin and contains both
protein and lipid components. Its topography, pH, critical surface
tension and ionic strength are similar to human skin.
[0108] Briefly, 20 mm diameter Vitro skin.TM. sheets were punched
out and placed in a six well plastic plate. 50 .mu.l of deionized
water was then added on to the Vitro skin.TM. surface followed by
100 .mu.l of the mouthwash products. The liquid was mixed and
spread over the Vitro skin.TM. surface. Samples were left at room
temperature over night without the lid. After 18 hours, volunteers
were asked to visually inspect the samples and rate the level of
moisture present on the Vitro skin.TM. surface from 1 to 5, with 5
being maximum level of moisture. Inspections were performed in a
blinded fashion. A total of 12 inspection volunteers participated.
Total wellness score is the accumulated 12 individual ratings. For
example, a total wellness score of 60 is achieved when all 12
inspection volunteers rate the samples at a level of moisture of 5.
Mouthwash F comprised sorbitol, propylene glycol, poloxamer 407,
sodium lauryl sulfate, flavor, Na-benzoate, Na-saccharin,
phosphoric acid, and eucalyptol.
[0109] Results are summarized in Table 3. Mouthwash containing hemp
seed oil and caprylyl glycol retained a superior moisture level
when compared to the alternative mouthwash products. Surprisingly,
all 12 panelists scored the hemp seed oil and caprylyl glycol
formulation, whereas the hemp seed oil alone had an average score
of 3. Based on these results, a mouthwash formula with hemp seed
oil in combination with caprylyl glycol may be able to lock in
moisture in the oral cavity for a longer period of time. Such
moisture retainment may provide a subject effective relief from dry
mouth and discomfort.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 3 Human visual scoring of moisture retention
by mouthwash products (Score = 0-5, 5 being maximum moisture
level). Total Wetness Score (visual) N = 12 Average Mouthwash
(stdev) Wetness Score A 33 (1.22) 2.8 B 36 (0.85) 3 C 60 (0.0) 5 F
34 (0.83) 2.8
[0110] While the present invention has been described with
reference to embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in
the art that various modifications and variations may be made
therein without departing from the scope of the present
invention.
* * * * *