U.S. patent application number 15/537112 was filed with the patent office on 2018-11-15 for compositions and methods for improving the appearance of the skin.
The applicant listed for this patent is L'OREAL. Invention is credited to Anne-Laure Suzanne BERNARD, Hy Si BUI, Laure DAUBERSIES, Roshanak DEBEAUD, Yang DENG.
Application Number | 20180325800 15/537112 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 56127608 |
Filed Date | 2018-11-15 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180325800 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
BERNARD; Anne-Laure Suzanne ;
et al. |
November 15, 2018 |
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR IMPROVING THE APPEARANCE OF THE
SKIN
Abstract
The disclosure relates to compositions and methods for improving
the appearance of the skin. Compositions comprise at least one
thermoplastic elastomer, at least one adhesive polymer, at least
one filler, and may further comprise at least one pigment. Methods
comprise applying the compositions to the skin to reduce the
appearance of skin imperfections by forming a film on the skin.
Inventors: |
BERNARD; Anne-Laure Suzanne;
(New York, NY) ; DENG; Yang; (Edison, NJ) ;
BUI; Hy Si; (Piscataway, NJ) ; DAUBERSIES; Laure;
(Paris, FR) ; DEBEAUD; Roshanak; (L'hay les Roses,
FR) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
L'OREAL |
Paris |
|
FR |
|
|
Family ID: |
56127608 |
Appl. No.: |
15/537112 |
Filed: |
December 17, 2015 |
PCT Filed: |
December 17, 2015 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US15/66516 |
371 Date: |
June 16, 2017 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
62093946 |
Dec 18, 2014 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/25 20130101; A61K
8/8152 20130101; A61K 8/02 20130101; A61K 2800/43 20130101; A61Q
17/04 20130101; A61K 8/585 20130101; A61K 8/88 20130101; A61K 8/898
20130101; A61Q 19/08 20130101; A61K 8/19 20130101; A61K 8/31
20130101; A61K 8/90 20130101; A61Q 19/02 20130101; A61K 8/891
20130101; A61Q 19/00 20130101; A61K 8/8194 20130101; A61K 8/8117
20130101; A61K 2800/262 20130101; A61K 8/29 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/81 20060101
A61K008/81; A61Q 19/00 20060101 A61Q019/00; A61Q 19/02 20060101
A61Q019/02; A61K 8/58 20060101 A61K008/58; A61K 8/31 20060101
A61K008/31; A61K 8/891 20060101 A61K008/891; A61K 8/29 20060101
A61K008/29; A61K 8/19 20060101 A61K008/19; A61K 8/88 20060101
A61K008/88; A61K 8/90 20060101 A61K008/90; A61K 8/898 20060101
A61K008/898; A61K 8/25 20060101 A61K008/25 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 18, 2014 |
FR |
1462721 |
Dec 18, 2014 |
FR |
1462725 |
Dec 18, 2014 |
FR |
1462731 |
Dec 18, 2014 |
FR |
1462829 |
Claims
1.-59. (canceled)
60. A composition for reducing the appearance of skin imperfections
comprising: a. at least one thermoplastic elastomer; b. at least
one adhesive polymer; c. at least one filler; and d. at least one
pigment, wherein the at least one adhesive polymer is present in an
amount up to about 10% by weight, relative to the weight of the
composition; and wherein the at least one thermoplastic elastomer
has at least two glass transition temperatures (T.sub.g).
61. The composition of claim 60, wherein the at least one
thermoplastic elastomer has a first T.sub.g below about 0.degree.
C., and a second T.sub.g greater than about 25.degree. C.
62. The composition of claim 60, wherein the at least one
thermoplastic elastomer is chosen from diblock, triblock,
multiblock, radial, and star copolymers.
63. The composition of claim 60, wherein the at least one
thermoplastic elastomer comprises at least one styrene block and at
least one block comprising units selected from butadiene, ethylene,
propylene, butylene, isoprene, or mixtures thereof.
64. The composition of claim 60, wherein the at least one
thermoplastic elastomer is chosen from: diblock copolymers chosen
from styrene-ethylene/propylene copolymers,
styrene-ethylene/butadiene copolymers, styrene-ethylene/butylene
copolymers, styrene-butadiene, or styrene-isoprene copolymers;
triblock copolymers chosen from styrene-ethylene/propylene-styrene
copolymers, styrene-ethylene/butadiene-styrene copolymers,
copolymers of styrene-isoprene-styrene, or copolymers of
styrene-butadiene-styrene; and mixtures thereof.
65. The composition of claim 60, wherein the at least one
thermoplastic elastomer is chosen from semicrystalline block
copolymers.
66. The composition of claim 65, wherein the semicrystalline block
copolymers comprise at least one moiety corresponding to formula
(I) and/or at least one moiety corresponding to formula (II):
##STR00004## wherein: 1) R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4,
which may be identical or different, represent a group chosen from:
(a) linear, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, C.sub.1
to C.sub.40 hydrocarbon-based groups, possibly containing in their
chain one or more oxygen, sulphur and/or nitrogen atoms, and
possibly being partially or totally substituted with fluorine
atoms, (b) C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl groups, optionally substituted
with one or more C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl groups, (c)
polyorganosiloxane chains possibly containing one or more oxygen,
sulphur and/or nitrogen atoms; 2) X, which may be identical or
different, represents a linear or branched C.sub.1 to C.sub.30
alkylenediyl group, possibly containing in its chain one or more
oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms; 3) Y is a saturated or unsaturated,
C.sub.1 to C.sub.50 linear or branched divalent alkylene, arylene,
cycloalkylene, alkylarylene or arylalkylene group, optionally
comprising one or more oxygen, sulphur and/or nitrogen atoms,
and/or optionally substituted with one of the following atoms or
groups of atoms: fluorine, hydroxyl, C.sub.3 to C.sub.8 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.1 to C.sub.40 alkyl, C.sub.5 to C.sub.10 aryl, phenyl
optionally substituted with one to three C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl,
C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 hydroxyalkyl, and C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 aminoalkyl
groups; 4) G, which may be identical or different, represents a
group chosen from ester, amide, sulphonamide, carbamate,
thiocarbamate, urea, thiourea groups, and combinations thereof; 5)
m is an integer ranging from 1 to 1,000; and 6) n is an integer
ranging from 2 to 500; ##STR00005## wherein: R.sup.1 and R, which
may be identical or different, are as defined above for formula
(I), R.sup.7 represents a group as defined above for R.sup.1 and
R.sup.3, or represents a group of formula --X-G-R.sup.9 in which X
and G are as defined above for formula (I) and R.sup.9 represents a
hydrogen atom or a linear, branched or cyclic, saturated or
unsaturated, C.sub.1 to C.sub.50 hydrocarbon-based group optionally
comprising in its chain one or more atoms chosen from O, S and N,
optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms and/or one
or more hydroxyl groups, or a phenyl group optionally substituted
with one or more C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl groups, R.sup.8
represents a group of formula --X-G-R.sup.9 in which X, G and
R.sup.9 are as defined above, m.sub.1 is an integer ranging from 1
to 998, and m.sub.2 is an integer ranging from 2 to 500.
67. The composition of claim 65, wherein the semicrystalline block
copolymers comprise at least one moiety corresponding to formula
(III) and/or at least one moiety corresponding to formula (IV):
##STR00006## wherein: (a) R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4
are the same or different and may be selected from the group
consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, a siloxane chain,
and phenyl; (b) X is a linear or branched chain alkylene having
1-30 carbons; (c) Y is selected from the group consisting of linear
or branched chain alkylenes having 1-40 carbons; (d) m is a number
between 1 and 700; and (e) n is a number between 1 and 500.
68. The composition of claim 60, wherein the at least one
thermoplastic elastomer is present in the composition in an amount
ranging from about 5% to about 25% by weight, relative to the total
weight of the composition.
69. The composition of claim 60, wherein the at least one adhesive
polymer has a T.sub.g greater than about 25.degree. C.
70. The composition of claim 60, wherein the at least one adhesive
polymer is chosen from polymer particles of C.sub.1-C.sub.4
alkyl(methacrylate)polymer, stablilized in a non-aqueous
dispersion.
71. The composition of claim 70, wherein the at least one adhesive
polymer is chosen from polymer particles comprising about 80% to
about 100%, by weight, of C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl (meth)acrylate and
of about 0% to about 20%, by weight, of ethylenically unsaturated
acid monomer of C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl(methacrylate) polymer in an
oil dispersion.
72. The composition of claim 71, wherein the polymer of the
particles is chosen from: polymers consisting of at least one
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl(methacrylate)polymer; and polymers consisting
essentially of a copolymer of C.sub.1-C.sub.4 (meth)acrylate and of
(meth)acrylic acid or maleic anhydride.
73. The composition of claim 71, wherein the C.sub.1-C.sub.4
alkyl(methacrylate)polymer is chosen from methyl(meth)acrylate,
ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl
(meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, and tert-butyl
(meth)acrylate polymers.
74. The composition of claim 71, wherein the polymer particles are
stabilized in the oil dispersion by at least one stabilizer chosen
from isobornyl acrylate homopolymers, statistical copolymers of
isobornyl acrylate/methyl acrylate, statistical copolymers of
isobornyl acrylate/methyl acrylate/ethyl acrylate, and statistical
copolymers of isobornyl methacrylate/methyl acrylate.
75. The composition of claim 60, wherein the at least one adhesive
polymer is chosen from aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon
polymers selected from aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon
resins.
76. The composition of claim 60, wherein the at least one adhesive
polymer is chosen from aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, aromatic
modified aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, hydrogenated
polycyclopentadiene resins, polycyclopentadiene resins, gum resins,
gum resin esters, wood resins, wood resin esters, tall oil resins,
tall oil resin esters, polyterpenes, aromatic modified
polyterpenes, terpene phenolics, aromatic modified hydrogenated
polycyclopentadiene resins, hydrogenated aliphatic resin,
hydrogenated aliphatic aromatic resins, hydrogenated terpenes and
modified terpenes, hydrogenated rosin acids, hydrogenated rosin
esters, polyisoprene, partially or fully hydrogenated polyisoprene,
polybutenediene, partially or fully hydrogenated polybutenediene,
and hydrogenated styrene/methyl styrene/indene copolymers.
77. The composition of claim 60, wherein the adhesive polymer has a
T.sub.g less than about 25.degree. C.
78. The composition of claim 60, wherein the at least one adhesive
polymer is chosen from hyperbranched polyacids, said hyperbranched
polyacids comprising at least two carboxyl groups.
79. The composition of claim 78, wherein the hyperbranched
polyacids have a molecular weight (Mw) ranging from about 500 to
about 25,000, a viscosity at 210.degree. F. ranging from 0.01 Pas
to 10 Pas, and/or an acid number ranging from about 20 to about 400
mg/KOH.
80. The composition of claim 79, wherein the hyperbranched
polyacids are chosen from C.sub.30+ olefin/undecylenic acid
copolymers.
81. The composition of claim 60, wherein the at least one adhesive
polymer is chosen from acrylic type film formers.
82. The composition of claim 60, wherein the at least one adhesive
polymer is chosen from copolymers containing at least one apolar
monomer, at least one olefinically unsaturated monomer, and at
least one vinylically functionalized monomer.
83. The composition of claim 60, wherein the at least one filler is
chosen from fillers having a particle size greater than about 100
nm, and/or a specific surface area greater than about 200
m.sup.2/g.
84. The composition of claim 60, wherein the at least one filler is
chosen from silica particles, hydrophobic silica aerogel particles,
and aerogel particles of hydrophobic silica surface-modified with
trimethylsilyl groups.
85. The composition of claim 60, wherein the at least one filler is
present in the composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to
about 20% by weight, relative to the weight of the composition.
86. The composition of claim 60, further comprising at least one
additional component chosen from solvents, silicone elastomers,
humectants, and water.
87. The composition of claim 60, wherein the at least one
thermoplastic elastomer, at least one adhesive polymer, and at
least one filler are present in a combined amount of greater than
about 10% by weight, relative to the weight of the composition.
88. The composition of claim 60, wherein the ratio of the at least
one thermoplastic elastomer to the at least one adhesive polymer is
in the range of about 1:10 to 10:1.
89. The composition of claim 60, wherein the composition has a
consistency G* of greater than about 100 Pa (at 10% strain) and a
phase angle below about 45.degree..
90. A method for improving the appearance of the skin, said method
comprising forming a long-lasting film on the skin by applying a
composition comprising: a. at least one thermoplastic elastomer; b.
at least one adhesive polymer; c. at least one filler; and d. at
least one pigment; wherein the at least one adhesive polymer is
present in an amount up to about 10% by weight, relative to the
weight of the composition; and wherein the at least one
thermoplastic elastomer has at least two glass transition
temperatures (T.sub.g).
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The disclosure relates to compositions and methods for
improving the appearance of the skin.
BACKGROUND
[0002] When considering cosmetics, many consumers wish to improve
the appearance of, or hide, skin imperfections such as acne, scars,
enlarged pores, dark spots, uneven pigmentation, and so on.
Typically, consumers also desire for a cosmetic formulation to be
lasting on the skin, so that it won't be inadvertently removed
before the consumer wishes to remove it, revealing the skin
imperfection.
[0003] While traditional cosmetic formulations such as foundation
or concealer types of make-up may improve the appearance of some
skin imperfections, such formulations may not be able to
satisfactorily reduce the appearance of more pronounced skin
imperfections, such as scars. Further, such formulations may not
have the remanence needed to last as long as the user would like
the imperfections to remain covered, for example the foundation or
concealer may come off when the user sweats.
[0004] As an alternate to such topical cosmetic formulations, more
invasive techniques such as surgery, fillers, or laser resurfacing
of the skin may provide longer-lasting effects and can treat
prominent imperfections. However, many consumers either cannot
afford, or do not wish, to undergo such drastic cosmetic
treatments.
[0005] As such, there is a consumer desire for topical cosmetic
formulations that are effective at reducing the appearance of skin
imperfections, while being long-lasting.
SUMMARY
[0006] The disclosure relates to long-lasting compositions and
methods for improving the appearance of the skin.
[0007] In one embodiment, the disclosure relates to compositions
for reducing the appearance of skin imperfections, said
compositions comprising at least one thermoplastic elastomer, at
least one adhesive polymer, at least one filler, and at least one
colorant, wherein the at least one adhesive polymer is present in
an amount up to about 10% by weight, relative to the weight of the
composition, and wherein the at least one thermoplastic elastomer
has at least two glass transition temperatures (T.sub.g).
[0008] In further embodiments, the disclosure relates to
long-lasting films for hiding or blurring skin imperfections,
comprising at least one thermoplastic elastomer, at least one
adhesive polymer, at least one filler, and at least one colorant,
wherein the at least one adhesive polymer is present in an amount
up to about 10% by weight, relative to the weight of the
composition, and wherein the at least one thermoplastic elastomer
has at least two glass transition temperatures (T.sub.g).
[0009] In yet further embodiments, the disclosure relates to
methods for improving the appearance of the skin, said methods
comprising forming a long-lasting film on the skin by applying a
composition onto the skin, said composition comprising at least one
thermoplastic elastomer, at least one adhesive polymer, at least
one filler, and at least one colorant, wherein the at least one
adhesive polymer is present in an amount up to about 10% by weight,
relative to the weight of the composition, and wherein the at least
one thermoplastic elastomer has at least two glass transition
temperatures (T.sub.g).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0010] In various embodiments, the disclosure relates to
compositions for improving the appearance of the skin. According to
various embodiments, the disclosure relates to compositions
comprising at least one thermoplastic elastomer, at least one
adhesive polymer, at least one filler, and at least one
pigment.
[0011] The compositions may be effective at reducing the appearance
of skin imperfections. In various embodiments, the compositions may
blur or hide skin imperfections by forming a film on the skin. In
further embodiments, the film may be long-lasting.
[0012] As used herein, the term "long-lasting" means that the film
lasts for at least about 6 hours, such as at least about 12 hours,
at least about 24 hours, at least about 48 hours, or at least about
72 hours, after the film is formed on the skin, unless
intentionally removed by the user.
[0013] As used herein, the term "lasting" it is meant to convey
that the film is substantially intact in place on the skin.
[0014] As used herein, the term "forms quickly" means that the film
forms within less than about 30 minutes, such as less than about 20
minutes, less than about 15 minutes, or less than about 10 minutes,
after the composition is applied to the skin.
[0015] As used herein, the term "blur" with regard to skin
imperfections means that the visual appearance of the imperfection
is less noticeable.
[0016] As used herein, the term "reducing" of the appearance of
skin imperfections means that the skin imperfection is hidden or
blurred, such that the imperfection is less noticeable.
[0017] As used herein, the term "soft focus" means that the visual
appearance of the skin is more homogenous and matte, leading to the
blurring or hiding of skin imperfections.
[0018] As used herein, "durable" means the film will not easily rub
off, or will not be removed by sweat, water, makeup, lotions, or
the like, such that the film will remain substantially intact until
removed by the user.
Compositions
[0019] According to various embodiments, the compositions comprise
at least one thermoplastic elastomer, at least one adhesive
polymer, and at least one filler, which together form an
association, and may further comprise at least one colorant.
Additional optional components, such as solvents, silicone
elastomers, humectants, and water, may also be included in the
compositions.
Thermoplastic Elastomer
[0020] According to various exemplary and non-limiting embodiments,
the at least one thermoplastic elastomer may be chosen from block
copolymers having at least two glass transition temperatures
("T.sub.g"). The block copolymers may be hydrocarbon-soluble or
dispersible in the oily phase. In various embodiments, the at least
one thermoplastic elastomer may be amorphous, crystalline, or
semicrystalline.
[0021] The block copolymers comprise one or more hard segments
attached to one or more soft segments. The hard segments of the
thermoplastic elastomer may comprise vinyl monomers in varying
amounts. Examples of suitable vinyl monomers include, but are not
limited to, styrene, methacrylate, acrylate, vinyl ester, vinyl
ether, vinyl acetate, and the like. The soft segments may comprise
olefin polymers and/or copolymers which may be saturated,
unsaturated, or combinations thereof. Exemplary olefin copolymers
may include, but are not limited to, ethylene/propylene copolymers,
ethylene/butylene copolymers, propylene/butylene copolymers,
polybutylene, polyisoprene, polymers of hydrogenated butanes and
isoprenes, and mixtures thereof.
[0022] By way of example, the at least one thermoplastic elastomer
may be chosen from diblock, triblock, multiblock, radial, and star
copolymers obtained by polymerizing at least one unsaturated
hydrocarbon monomer having 2 to 5 carbon atoms and having one or
two ethylenic unsaturations. Non-limiting examples of unsaturated
hydrocarbon monomers having 2 to 5 unsaturated carbon atoms include
ethylene, propylene, butadiene, isoprene or pentadiene. In various
exemplary and non-limiting embodiments, block copolymers may be
chosen from those comprising at least one styrene block and at
least one block comprising units selected from butadiene, ethylene,
propylene, butylene, isoprene, or mixtures thereof.
[0023] Optionally, the block copolymer may be hydrogenated to
reduce the residual ethylenic unsaturation after the polymerization
of the monomers. For example, the hydrocarbon-based block copolymer
may optionally be a hydrogenated copolymer comprising styrene
blocks and ethylene blocks/C.sub.3-C.sub.4 alkylene or isoprene
blocks. In one exemplary embodiment, the block copolymer is an
amorphous hydrocarbon block copolymer, for example an amorphous
hydrocarbon block copolymer of styrene and monomers of hydrocarbon
containing 2 to 5 carbon atoms and comprising one or two ethylenic
unsaturations.
[0024] The amorphous thermoplastic elastomers comprise at least one
first block whose T.sub.g is below about 20.degree. C., such as
below about 0.degree. C., below about -20.degree. C., or below
about -40.degree. C. The T.sub.g of the first block can, for
example, range from about -150.degree. C. to about 20.degree. C.,
such as from about -100.degree. C. to about 0.degree. C. The block
copolymers also comprise at least one second block whose T.sub.g is
greater than about 25.degree. C., such as greater than about
50.degree. C., greater than about 75.degree. C., greater than about
100.degree. C., or greater than about 150.degree. C. The T.sub.g of
the second block can, for example, range from about 25.degree. C.
to about 150.degree. C., such as from about 50.degree. C. to about
125.degree. C., about 60.degree. C. to about 120.degree. C., or
about 70.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C.
[0025] Exemplary, non-limiting amorphous diblock copolymers may be
chosen from styrene-ethylene/propylene copolymers,
styrene-ethylene/butadiene copolymers, styrene-ethylene/butylene
copolymers, styrene-butadiene, or styrene-isoprene copolymers.
Diblock copolymers are sold, for example, under the name
Kraton.RTM. G1701E by Kraton Polymers.
[0026] Exemplary, non-limiting amorphous triblock copolymers may be
chosen from styrene-ethylene/propylene-styrene copolymers,
styrene-ethylene/butadiene-styrene copolymers, copolymers of
styrene-isoprene-styrene, and copolymers of
styrene-butadiene-styrene, such as those sold under the names
Kraton.RTM. G1650, Kraton.RTM. D1101, D1102 Kraton.RTM.,
Kraton.RTM. D1160 by Kraton Polymers. In one exemplary embodiment,
the thermoplastic elastomer may be a mixture of a triblock
copolymer styrene-butylene/ethylene-styrene diblock copolymer and a
styrene-ethylene/butylene, such as those sold under the name
Kraton.RTM. G1657M by Kraton Polymers. In a further example, the
thermoplastic elastomer may be a mixture of hydrogenated triblock
copolymer styrene-butylene/ethylene-styrene hydrogenated star
polymer and ethylene-propylene-styrene, such mixing can in
particular be in isododecane in another oil. Such mixtures are
sold, for example, by Penreco under the trade names VERSAGEL.RTM.
M5960 and M5670 VERSAGEL.RTM..
[0027] In further exemplary embodiments, the at least one
thermoplastic elastomer is chosen from semicrystalline block
copolymers having at least two glass transition temperatures. The
semicrystalline block copolymers can comprise at least one first
block whose T.sub.g is greater than about 40.degree. C., such as
greater than about 75.degree. C., or greater than 100.degree. C.
The T.sub.g of the first block can, for example, range from about
40.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C., such as from about
50.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. The semcrystalline block
copolymers also comprise at least one second block whose T.sub.g is
less than about -50.degree. C., such as less than about -75.degree.
C., less than about -100.degree. C., or less than about
-150.degree. C. The T.sub.g of the second block can, for example,
range from about -150.degree. C. to about -50.degree. C., such as
from about -100.degree. C. to about -50.degree. C.
[0028] By way of non-limiting example, the semicrystalline
thermoplastic elastomers may be chosen from copolymers containing a
polyamide and/or a polysilicone and/or a polyurethane, for example
polysilicone-polyamides or polysilicone-polyurethanes. For example,
the semicrystalline thermoplastic elastomers may be chosen from
polyorganosiloxane-containing polymers comprising at least one
moiety corresponding to formula I:
##STR00001##
in which:
[0029] 1) R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be
identical or different, represent a group chosen from: (a) linear,
branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, C.sub.1 to C.sub.40
hydrocarbon-based groups, possibly containing in their chain one or
more oxygen, sulphur and/or nitrogen atoms, and possibly being
partially or totally substituted with fluorine atoms, (b) C.sub.6
to C.sub.10 aryl groups, optionally substituted with one or more
C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl groups, (c) polyorganosiloxane chains
possibly containing one or more oxygen, sulphur and/or nitrogen
atoms;
[0030] 2) X, which may be identical or different, represents a
linear or branched C.sub.1 to C.sub.30 alkylenediyl group, possibly
containing in its chain one or more oxygen and/or nitrogen
atoms;
[0031] 3) Y is a saturated or unsaturated, C.sub.1 to C.sub.50
linear or branched divalent alkylene, arylene, cycloalkylene,
alkylarylene or arylalkylene group, optionally comprising one or
more oxygen, sulphur and/or nitrogen atoms, and/or optionally
substituted with one of the following atoms or groups of atoms:
fluorine, hydroxyl, C.sub.3 to C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.1 to
C.sub.40 alkyl, C.sub.5 to C.sub.10 aryl, phenyl optionally
substituted with one to three C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl, C.sub.1 to
C.sub.3 hydroxyalkyl, and C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 aminoalkyl groups;
[0032] 4) G, which may be identical or different, represents a
group chosen from ester, amide, sulphonamide, carbamate,
thiocarbamate, urea, thiourea groups, and combinations thereof;
[0033] 5) m is an integer ranging from 1 to 1,000, preferably from
1 to 700 and more preferably from 6 to 200; and
[0034] 6) n is an integer ranging from 2 to 500 and preferably from
2 to 200.
[0035] In further embodiments, the semicrystalline thermoplastic
elastomers may be chosen from copolymers containing at least one
moiety corresponding to formula II:
##STR00002##
in which:
[0036] R.sup.1 and R, which may be identical or different, are as
defined above for formula (I), [0037] R.sup.7 represents a group as
defined above for R.sup.1 and R.sup.3, or represents a group of
formula --X-G-R.sup.9 in which X and G are as defined above for
formula (I) and R.sup.9 represents a hydrogen atom or a linear,
branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, C.sub.1 to C.sub.50
hydrocarbon-based group optionally comprising in its chain one or
more atoms chosen from O, S and N, optionally substituted with one
or more fluorine atoms and/or one or more hydroxyl groups, or a
phenyl group optionally substituted with one or more C.sub.1 to
C.sub.4 alkyl groups,
[0038] R.sup.8 represents a group of formula --X-G-R.sup.9 in which
X, G and R.sup.9 are as defined above,
[0039] m.sub.1 is an integer ranging from 1 to 998, and
[0040] m.sub.2 is an integer ranging from 2 to 500.
[0041] In yet further embodiments, it is also possible to use a
block copolymer comprising several different moieties of formula
(I), and/or several different moieties of formula (II), for example
a polymer in which at least one of the groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2,
R.sup.3, R.sup.4, X, G, Y, m, and n is different in one of the
moieties. It is also possible to use a block copolymer comprising
at least one moiety of formula (I) and at least one moiety of
formula (II), the moieties of formula (I) and the moieties of
formula (II) possibly being identical to, or different from, each
other.
[0042] For example, in at least one embodiment, the semicrystalline
thermoplastic elastomer may be chosen from polyamide copolymers
containing at least one moiety corresponding to formula III and at
least one moiety corresponding to formula IV:
##STR00003##
in which:
[0043] (a) R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are the same or
different and may be selected from the group consisting of methyl,
ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, a siloxane chain, and phenyl;
[0044] (b) X is a linear or branched chain alkylene having 1-30
carbons;
[0045] (c) Y is selected from the group consisting of linear or
branched chain alkylenes having 1-40 carbons;
[0046] (d) m is a number between 1 and 700; and
[0047] (e) n is a number between 1 and 500.
[0048] By way of example only, the semcrystalline thermoplastic
elastomer may be chosen from Nylon 6, Nylon 66, and
Nylon-611/dimethicone copolymer.
[0049] The thermoplastic elastomer may be present in the
composition in an amount up to about 25%, such as an amount ranging
from about 5% to about 20%, about 6% to about 18%, about 7% to
about 16%, about 8% to about 15%, or about 9% to about 14%, by
weight relative to the weight of the composition.
Adhesive Polymer
[0050] Compositions according to the disclosure further comprise at
least one adhesive film-forming polymer. In various embodiments,
the at least one adhesive polymer may be amorphous, crystalline, or
semicrystalline.
[0051] In various embodiments, the adhesive polymer may have a
T.sub.g greater than about 25.degree. C., such as greater than
about 50.degree. C., greater than about 75.degree. C., or greater
than about 100.degree. C., according to various embodiments. In
further embodiments, the adhesive polymer may have a T.sub.g less
than about 25.degree. C., such as less than about 0.degree. C.,
less than about -25.degree. C., or less than about -50.degree.
C.
[0052] The at least one adhesive polymer may be present in the
composition in an amount up to about 10%, such as up to about 9%,
up to about 8%, up to about 7%, up to about 6%, up to about 5%, up
to about 4%, up to about 3%, up to about 2%, up to about 1%, or up
to about 0.5%, by weight, relative to the weight of the
composition. For example, the at least one adhesive polymer may be
present in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 10%, about 1%
to about 8%, about 1.5% to about 6%, or about 2% to about 4% by
weight, relative to the weight of the composition. In one
embodiment, the at least one adhesive polymer is present in an
amount ranging from about 1% to about 3%.
[0053] As non-limiting examples of adhesive polymers having a
T.sub.g greater than about 25.degree. C., mention may be made of
polymer particles of C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl(methacrylate)polymer,
stablilized in a non-aqueous dispersion, referred to herein for
ease of reference as an "oil dispersion," such as those described
in WO2015/091513 which is incorporated by reference herein.
[0054] By way of example, the C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl (meth)acrylate
monomers may be chosen from methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl
(meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate,
n-butyl (meth)acrylate and tert-butyl (meth)acrylate. For example,
the polymer may be a methyl acrylate and/or ethyl acrylate
polymer.
[0055] The polymer may also comprise an ethylenically unsaturated
acid monomer or the anhydride thereof, chosen especially from
ethylenically unsaturated acid monomers comprising at least one
carboxylic, phosphoric or sulfonic acid function, such as crotonic
acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride,
styrenesulfonic acid, vinylbenzoic acid, vinylphosphoric acid,
acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamidopropanesulfonic acid or
acrylamidoglycolic acid, and salts thereof. For example, the
ethylenically unsaturated acid monomer may be chosen from
(meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid, and maleic anhydride.
[0056] The salts may be chosen from salts of alkali metals, for
example sodium or potassium; salts of alkaline-earth metals, for
example calcium, magnesium or strontium; metal salts, for example
zinc, aluminum, manganese or copper; ammonium salts of formula
NH.sup.+; quaternary ammonium salts; salts of organic amines, for
instance salts of methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine,
triethylamine, ethylamine, 2-hydroxyethylamine,
bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine or tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; lysine or
arginine salts.
[0057] The polymer of the particles of the oil dispersion may thus
comprise or consist essentially of about 80% to about 100%, by
weight, of C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl (meth)acrylate and of about 0% to
about 20%, by weight, of ethylenically unsaturated acid monomer,
relative to the total weight of the polymer. According to one
exemplary embodiment, the polymer consists essentially of a polymer
of one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl (meth)acrylate monomers.
According to another exemplary embodiment, the polymer consists
essentially of a copolymer of C.sub.1-C.sub.4 (meth)acrylate and of
(meth)acrylic acid or maleic anhydride.
[0058] By way of non-limiting example only, the polymer of the
particles in the oil dispersion, which may optionally be
crosslinked or alternatively may not be crosslinked, may be chosen
from methyl acrylate homopolymers, ethyl acrylate homopolymers,
methyl acrylate/ethyl acrylate copolymers, methyl acrylate/ethyl
acrylate/acrylic acid copolymers, methyl acrylate/ethyl
acrylate/maleic anhydride copolymers, methyl acrylate/acrylic acid
copolymers, ethyl acrylate/acrylic acid copolymers, methyl
acrylate/maleic anhydride copolymers, and ethyl acrylate/maleic
anhydride copolymers.
[0059] The polymer of the particles in the dispersion may have a
number-average molecular weight ranging from about 2000 to about
10,000,000, for example ranging from about 150,000 to about
500,000. The polymer particles may be present in the oil dispersion
in a content ranging from about 20% to about 60%, for example about
21% to about 58.5%, about 30% to about 50%, about 35% to about 45%,
or about 36% to about 42%, by weight, relative to the total weight
of the oil dispersion.
[0060] The stabilizer in the oil dispersion may be an isobornyl
(meth)acrylate polymer chosen from isobornyl (meth)acrylate
homopolymer and statistical copolymers of isobornyl (meth)acrylate
and of C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl (meth)acrylate present in an isobornyl
(meth)acrylate/C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl (meth)acrylate weight ratio of
greater than about 4, for example greater than about 4.5, or
greater than about 5. For example, the weight ratio may range from
about 4.5 to about 19, such as from about 5 to about 19, or from
about 5 to about 12.
[0061] By way of example only, the stabilizer may be chosen from
isobornyl acrylate homopolymers, statistical copolymers of
isobornyl acrylate/methyl acrylate, statistical copolymers of
isobornyl acrylate/methyl acrylate/ethyl acrylate, and statistical
copolymers of isobornyl methacrylate/methyl acrylate.
[0062] In various embodiments, the stabilizer may have a
number-average molecular weight ranging from about 10,000 to about
400,000, such as from about 20,000 to about 200,000.
[0063] In various embodiments, the combination of the
stabilizer+polymer of the particles present in the oil dispersion
comprises from about 10% to about 50%, such as about 15% to about
30%, by weight of polymerized isobornyl (meth)acrylate, and from
about 50% to about 90%, such as about 70% to about 85%, by weight
of polymerized C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl (meth)acrylate, relative to the
total weight of the combination of the stabilizer+polymer of the
particles.
[0064] The oily medium of the oil dispersion comprises a
hydrocarbon-based oil. The hydrocarbon-based oil is an oil that is
liquid at room temperature (25.degree. C.). The term
"hydrocarbon-based oil" means an oil formed essentially from, or
even consisting of, carbon and hydrogen atoms, and optionally
oxygen and nitrogen atoms, and not containing any silicon or
fluorine atoms. It may contain alcohol, ester, ether, carboxylic
acid, amine and/or amide groups.
[0065] Exemplary and non-limiting embodiments of the
hydrocarbon-based oil medium of the oil dispersion include
hydrocarbon-based oils containing up to about 40, such as from 8 to
16 or from 8 to 14, carbon atoms. Optionally, the hydrocarbon-based
oil is apolar. For example, the hydrocarbon based oil may be chosen
from isododecane.
[0066] The oil dispersion may be prepared, for example, as
described in WO2015/091513.
[0067] Alternatively, the adhesive polymer may be chosen from
aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon polymers selected from
aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon resins having a T.sub.g
greater than about 25.degree. C. By "aliphatic or cycloaliphatic
hydrocarbon resins," it is meant polymers or copolymers of olefins
or polymers or copolymers of partly or totally hydrogenated
aromatic hydrocarbon monomers. For example, the adhesive polymer
may be chosen from aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, aromatic modified
aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, hydrogenated polycyclopentadiene
resins, polycyclopentadiene resins, gum rosins, gum rosin esters,
wood rosins, wood rosin esters, tall oil rosins, tall oil rosin
esters, polyterpenes, aromatic modified polyterpenes, terpene
phenolics, aromatic modified hydrogenated polycyclopentadiene
resins, hydrogenated aliphatic resin, hydrogenated aliphatic
aromatic resins, hydrogenated terpenes and modified terpenes,
hydrogenated rosin acids, hydrogenated rosin esters, polyisoprene,
partially or fully hydrogenated polyisoprene, polybutenediene,
partially or fully hydrogenated polybutenediene, and hydrogenated
styrene/methyl styrene/indene copolymers. In various embodiments,
hydrogenated indene/methylstyrene/styrene copolymers marketed under
the name of REGALITE.RTM. by Eastman Chemical, may be chosen. For
example, REGALITE.RTM. R1090, REGALITE.RTM. R1100, REGALITE.RTM.
S1100, REGALITE.RTM. R7100, REGALITE.RTM. R1010, REGALITE.RTM.
R112, or REGALITE.RTM. S5100 may be chosen. As further examples,
those sold under the name of ARKON.RTM. P-90, ARKON.RTM. P-100, and
ARKON.RTM. P-115, by Arakawa, may be chosen.
[0068] In further embodiments, the adhesive polymer may have a
T.sub.g of less than about 25.degree. C. For example, the at least
one adhesive polymer may be chosen from polyacids, such as
hyperbranched polyacids. Polyacids useful according to various
embodiments of the disclosure may be found in U.S. Pat. No.
7,582,719 and US2013/0236409, both of which are incorporated by
reference herein.
[0069] The term "hyperbranched polyacid" refers to the fact that
the functional groups of the hyperbranched functional polymer are
substituted with carboxylic acid groups. Unsaturated
functionalizing compounds useful include, but are not limited to,
carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters, amides, ethers, amines,
phosphate esters, silanes and alcohols. Examples of such carboxylic
acids include, but are not limited to, 5-hexenoic acid, 6-heptenoic
acid, 10-undecylenic acid, 9-decenoic acid, oleic acid, and erucic
acid. Also useful are esters of these acids with linear or
branched-chain alcohols having from about 1 to about 10 carbon
atoms, as well as triglycerides containing olefinic unsaturation in
the fatty acid portion such as tall oil, fish oils, soybean oil,
linseed oil, cottonseed oil and partially hydrogenated products of
such oils. Other useful materials include olefinic alcohols such as
allyl alcohol, 9-decen-1-ol, 10-undecylenyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol,
erucyl alcohol, acetic acid or formic acid esters of these
alcohols, C1-C4 alkyl ether derivatives of these alcohols and
formamides or acetamides of unsaturated amines such as oleylamine,
erucylamine, 10-undecylenylamine and allylamine.
[0070] In various embodiments, the hyperbranched polyacid compound
useful according to the disclosure may have at least two carboxyl
groups. In various embodiments, the hyperbranched polyacid has a
carboxyl number of at least 3, such as at least 10, at least 50, at
least 100, or at least about 150. According to various embodiments,
the hyperbranched polyacid has a carboxyl number ranging from about
50 to about 250, such as ranging from about 75 to about 225, about
100 to about 200, or about 125 to 175. In one embodiment, the
hyperbranched polyacid has a carboxyl number ranging from 90 to
150.
[0071] In various embodiments, the at least one hyperbranched acid
compound has a molecular weight (Mw) ranging from about 500 to
about 25,000, such as ranging from about 800 to about 10,000, or
from about 1000 to about 8000. In one embodiment, the hyperbranched
polyacid has a Mw ranging from about 1000 to about 6000.
[0072] In various embodiments, the at least one hyperbranched
polyacid compound has a viscosity at 210.degree. F. ranging from
0.01 Pas to 10 Pas, such as from 0.02 to 7 Pas, or from 0.03 to 6
Pas, including all ranges and subranges there between. The
viscosity is determined using Brookfield viscometer at 210.degree.
F. by ASTMD-3236MOD method. In various embodiments, the at least
one hyperbranched acid compound has an acid number ranging from
about 20 to about 400 mg/KOH, such as from about 30 to about 300
mg/KOH, or ranging from about 50 to about 100 mg/KOH.
[0073] In one exemplary embodiment, the at least one adhesive
polymer is a polyacid chosen from C.sub.30+ olefin/undecylenic acid
copolymers, such as C.sub.28-C.sub.52 olefin/undecylenic acid
copolymers, for example those available from New Phase Technologies
under trade name Performa V6112.TM..
[0074] As yet further examples of adhesive polymers that may be
chosen are acrylic type film formers. As used herein, "acrylic type
film formers" include polymers that are film forming agents and
which are based upon one or more (meth)acrylic acid (and
corresponding (meth)acrylate) monomers or similar monomers.
[0075] Non-limiting examples of such film forming agents include
copolymers containing at least one apolar monomer, at least one
olefinically unsaturated monomer, and at least one vinylically
functionalized monomer.
[0076] For the apolar monomers, acrylic monomers which comprise
acrylic and methacrylic esters with alkyl groups composed of 4 to
14 C atoms, preferably 4 to 9 C atoms may be chosen. Examples of
monomers of this kind include n-butyl acrylate, n-butyl
methacrylate, n-pentyl acrylate, n-pentyl methacrylate, n-amyl
acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, hexyl methacrylate, n-heptyl acrylate,
n-octyl acrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, n-nonyl acrylate, isobutyl
acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, and their
branched isomers, such as, for example, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate,
2-ethylhexyl methacrylate.
[0077] For olefinically unsaturated monomers, it is possible to use
monomers having functional groups selected from hydroxyl, carboxyl,
sulphonic acid groups, phosphonic acid groups, acid anhydrides,
epoxides, and amines. Examples of olefinically unsaturated monomers
include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid,
fumaric acid, crotonic acid, aconitic acid, dimethylacrylic acid,
beta-acryloyloxypropionic acid, trichloracrylic acid, vinylacetic
acid, vinylphosphonic acid, itaconic acid, maleic anhydride,
hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl
methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl
methacrylate, allyl alcohol, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl
methacrylate.
[0078] For vinylically functionalized compounds, exemplary monomers
include monomers which are copolymerizable with one or both of the
previously discussed monomers and include, for example, methyl
acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate,
ethyl methacrylate, benzyl acrylate, benzyl methacrylate, sec-butyl
acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, phenyl
methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate,
tert-butylphenyl acrylate, tert-butylphenyl methacrylate, dodecyl
methacrylate, isodecyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, n-undecyl
acrylate, stearyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, behenyl acrylate,
cyclohexyl methacrylate, cyclopentyl methacrylate, phenoxyethyl
acrylate, phenoxyethyl methacrylate, 2-butoxyethyl methacrylate,
2-butoxyethyl acrylate, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl acrylate,
3,5-dimethyladamantyl acrylate, 4-cumylphenyl methacrylate,
cyanoethyl acrylate, cyanoethyl methacrylate, 4-biphenyl acrylate,
4-biphenyl methacrylate, 2-naphthyl acrylate, 2-naphthyl
methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl
acrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl
acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2-butoxyethyl acrylate,
2-butoxyethyl methacrylate, methyl 3-methoxyacrylate,
3-methoxybutyl acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, phenoxyethyl
methacrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl methacrylate, butyldiglycol
methacrylate, ethylene glycol acrylate, ethylene glycol
monomethylacrylate, methoxy-polyethylene glycol methacrylate 350,
methoxy-polyethylene glycol methacrylate 500, propylene glycol
monomethacrylate, butoxydiethylene glycol methacrylate,
ethoxytriethylene glycol methacrylate, octafluoropentyl acrylate,
octafluoropentyl methacrylate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate,
1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate,
1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate,
2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl methacrylate,
2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate,
2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutyl acrylate,
2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutyl methacrylate,
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-pentadecafluorooctyl methacrylate,
dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide,
N-(1-methylundecyl)acrylamide, N-(n-butoxymethyl)acrylamide,
N-(butoxymethyl)methacrylamide, N-(ethoxymethyl)acrylamide,
N-(n-octadecyl)acrylamide, and also N,N-dialkyl-substituted amides,
such as, for example, N,N-dimethylacrylamide,
N,N-dimethylmethacrylamide, N-benzylacrylamides,
N-isopropylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide,
N-tert-octylacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide,
N-methylolmethacrylamide, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, vinyl
ethers, such as vinyl methyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, vinyl
isobutyl ether, vinyl esters, such as vinyl acetate, vinyl
chloride, vinyl halides, vinylidene chloride, vinylidene halide,
vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, N-vinylphthalimide, N-vinyllactam,
N-vinylpyrrolidone, styrene, a- and p-methylstyrene,
a-butylstyrene, 4-n-butylstyrene, 4-n-decylstyrene,
3,4-dimethoxystyrene, macromonomers such as 2-polystyrene-ethyl
methacrylate (molecular weight, Mw, of 4000 to 13 000 g/mol),
poly(methyl methacrylate)ethyl methacrylate (Mw of 2000 to 8000
g/mol).
[0079] As exemplary acrylic type film formers, mention may be made
of copolymers of acrylic acid, isobutyl acrylate and isobornyl
acetate, such as that sold under the names Pseudoblock (Chimex) and
Synamer-3. In both of these commercial products, the copolymer is
present with a solvent in a 1:1 ratio (50% solid). Another
exemplary film former is Poly(isobornyl methacrylate-8 co-isobornyl
acrylate-co-isobutyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid) at 50% of active
material in 50% of octyldodecyl neopentanoate (Mexomere PAZ from
Chimex).
Fillers
[0080] The compositions according to the disclosure comprise at
least one filler. The fillers may be mineral or organic in nature,
and of any shape. In various embodiments, the fillers may have a
particle size greater than about 100 nm, and/or a specific surface
area greater than about 200 m.sup.2/g.
[0081] By way of non-limiting example, fillers may be chosen from
talc, mica, silica, silica surface-treated with a hydrophobic
agent, fumed silica, kaolin, polyamide (Nylon.RTM.) powders (e.g.
Orgasol.RTM. from Atochem), polyurethane powders,
poly-.beta.-alanine powder and polyethylene powder, powders of
tetrafluoroethylene polymers (Teflon.RTM.), lauroyllysine, starch,
boron nitride, hollow polymer microspheres such as those of
polyvinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile, for instance Expancel.RTM.
(Nobel Industrie) or of acrylic acid copolymers (Polytrap.RTM. from
the company Dow Corning) and silicone resin microbeads
(Tospearls.RTM. from Toshiba, for example), elastomeric
polyorganosiloxane particles, precipitated calcium carbonate,
magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydrogen carbonate, hydroxyapatite,
hollow silica microspheres (Silica Beads.RTM. from Maprecos), glass
or ceramic microcapsules, and metal soaps derived from organic
carboxylic acids containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and
preferably from 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example zinc stearate,
magnesium stearate or lithium stearate, zinc laurate or magnesium
myristate.
[0082] In at least certain embodiments, the at least one filler may
be chosen from hydrophobic silica aerogel particles. Silica
aerogels are porous materials obtained by replacing (by drying) the
liquid component of a silica gel with air. Hydrophobic silica
aerogel particles useful according to embodiments of the disclosure
include silylated silica (INCI name: silica silylate) aerogel
particles. The preparation of hydrophobic silica aerogel particles
that have been surface-modified by silylation is described more
fully in U.S. Pat. No. 7,470,725, incorporated by reference
herein.
[0083] In various embodiments, aerogel particles of hydrophobic
silica surface-modified with trimethylsilyl groups may be chosen.
For example, the aerogel sold under the name VM-2260.RTM. by the
company Dow Corning, the particles of which have an average size of
about 1000 microns and a specific surface area per unit of mass
ranging from 600 to 800 m.sup.2/g, or the aerogel sold under the
name VM-2270.RTM., also by the company Dow Corning, the particles
of which have an average size ranging from 5 to 15 microns and a
specific surface area per unit of mass ranging from 600 to 800
m.sup.2/g, may be chosen. In other embodiments, the aerogels sold
by the company Cabot under the names Aerogel TLD 201.RTM., Aerogel
OGD 201.RTM., and Aerogel TLD 203.RTM., CAB-O-SIL TS-530, CAB-O-SIL
TS-610, CAB-O-SIL TS-720, Enova Aerogel MT 1100.RTM., and Enova
Aerogel MT 1200.RTM., may be chosen.
[0084] Optionally, mixtures of fillers may be present in the
compositions according to the disclosure. For example, a mixture of
different aerogel particles, or of an aerogel and a different type
of filler, may be used.
[0085] The at least one filler may be present in a total amount
ranging from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, for example from
about 0.2% to about 15%, from about 0.5% to about 10%, or from
about 1% to about 6%, by weight, relative to the total weight of
the composition. In at least certain exemplary embodiments, the
filler is present in an amount less than about 5%, such as less
than about 4%, by weight, relative to the total weight of the
composition. In one embodiment, the filler is present in an amount
up to about 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the
composition.
Colorants
[0086] Compositions according to the disclosure may further
comprise at least one colorant. In various embodiments, the at
least one colorant may be chosen from dyes, pigments, and
nacres.
[0087] The at least one colorant may, for example, be chosen from
dyes. Non-limiting examples of dyes include Sudan Red, D & C
Red 17, D & C Green 6, .beta.-carotene, soybean oil, Sudan
Brown, D & C Yellow 11, D & C Violet 2, D & C Orange 5,
quinoline yellow and annatto.
[0088] In various embodiments, the at least one colorant may be
chosen from pigments. As used herein, the term "pigments" is
intended to mean white or colored, mineral or organic particles
which are insoluble in the composition in which they are present,
and which are intended to color and/or opacify the resulting
film.
[0089] By way of example, inorganic pigments that may be used
include titanium oxides, zirconium oxides, cerium oxides, zinc
oxides, iron oxides, chromium oxides, ferric blue, manganese
violet, ultramarine blue, and chromium hydrate. For example,
pigments may be chosen from titanium dioxide and red, black, and/or
yellow iron oxide, as well as mixtures thereof.
[0090] In further embodiments, pigments with a structure that may
be, for example, of silica microspheres containing iron oxide type,
may be used. An example of a pigment having this structure is the
product sold by the company Miyoshi under the reference PC Ball
PC-LL-100 P, constituted of silica microspheres containing yellow
iron oxide.
[0091] By way of further example, organic pigments that may be used
include nitroso, nitro, azo, xanthene, pyrene, quinoline,
anthraquinone, triphenylmethane, fluorane, phthalocyanin, metal
complex, isoindolinone, isoindoline, quinacridone, perinone,
perylene, diketopyrrolopyrrole, indigo, thioindigo, dioxazine,
triphenylmethane and quinophthalone compounds. For example, the
organic pigments may be chosen from carmine lake, carbon black,
aniline black, azo yellow, quinacridone, phthalocyanine blue, the
blue pigments codified in the Color Index under the references CI
42090, 69800, 69825, 73000, 74100 and 74160, the yellow pigments
codified in the Color Index under the references CI 11680, 11710,
15985, 19140, 20040, 21100, 21108, 47000 and 47005, the green
pigments codified in the Color Index under the references CI 61565,
61570 and 74260, the orange pigments codified in the Color Index
under the references CI 11725, 15510, 45370 and 71105, the red
pigments codified in the Color Index under the references CI 12085,
12120, 12370, 12420, 12490, 14700, 15525, 15580, 15620, 15630,
15800, 15850, 15865, 15880, 17200, 26100, 45380, 45410, 58000,
73360, 73915 and 75470, and the pigments obtained by oxidative
polymerization of indole or phenolic derivatives as described in
patent FR 2 679 771.
[0092] Nacres may be chosen from white pearlescent pigments such as
mica coated with titanium or with bismuth oxychloride, colored
pearlescent pigments such as titanium mica with iron oxides,
titanium mica with in particular ferric blue or the chromium oxide,
titanium mica with an organic pigment of the abovementioned type,
and pearlescent pigments based on bismuth oxychloride.
[0093] The one or more colorants may optionally be included in the
composition in an amount up to about 5%, such as up to about 4.5%,
up to about 4%, up to about 3.5%, up to about 3%, up to about 2.5%,
up to about 2%, up to about 1.5%, up to about 1%, up to about
0.75%, up to about 0.5%, up to about 0.25%, up to about 0.2%, or up
to about 0.1%, weight, relative to the weight of the
composition.
[0094] It should be understood that the greater amount of colorant
added, the greater the effects of the film on the skin to hide skin
imperfections, such as pores, pimples, dark spots, and the like.
Therefore, the skilled artisan will be able to choose an amount of
colorant appropriate for the composition, keeping in mind the
intended use of the final formulation.
Additional Components
[0095] The compositions according to the disclosure may optionally
further comprise additional components, such as solvents, silicone
elastomers, humectants, and water.
[0096] Solvents
[0097] The compositions may comprise at least one solvent.
Optionally, the compositions may comprise at least one solvent
having a vapor pressure at room temperature (25.degree. C.) of
greater than about 100 Pa, such as greater than about 500 Pa, or
greater than about 1000 Pa. In various embodiments, the composition
is free or substantially free of solvents having a vapor pressure
at room temperature (25.degree. C.) of less than about 25 Pa. In
further embodiments, the composition may comprise at least one
solvent having a vapor pressure at room temperature (25.degree. C.)
of greater than about 100 Pa, such as greater than 500 Pa, or
greater than 1000 Pa, and at least one solvent having a vapor
pressure at room temperature (25.degree. C.) of less than about 100
Pa, such as less than about 50 Pa, or less than about 25 Pa.
[0098] In various embodiments, the compositions comprise at least
one volatile organic solvent. The volatile organic solvent may be
chosen from, for example, volatile hydrocarbon-based oils and
volatile silicone oils.
[0099] For example, volatile hydrocarbon oils include, but are not
limited to, those having from 8 to 16 carbon atoms and their
mixtures, such as branched C.sub.8 to C.sub.16 alkanes and C.sub.8
to C.sub.16 isoalkanes (also known as isoparaffins), isododecane,
isodecane, isohexadecane. For example, the at least one solvent may
be chosen from the oils sold under the trade names of Isopar.RTM.
or Permethyl.RTM., the C.sub.8 to C.sub.16 branched esters such as
isohexyl or isodecyl neopentanoate and their mixtures. In at least
certain embodiments, the volatile hydrocarbon oils have a flash
point of at least 40.degree. C. It is also possible to use mixtures
of isoparaffins and other volatile hydrocarbon-based oils, such as
petroleum distillates.
[0100] Further, volatile silicone oils may be chosen from linear or
cyclic silicone oils, such as those having a viscosity at room
temperature (25.degree. C.) of less than or equal to 6 cSt and
having from 2 to 7 silicon atoms, these silicones being optionally
substituted with alkyl or alkoxy groups of 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
Examples of volatile silicone oils that may be used include, but
are not limited to, octamethyltetrasiloxane,
decamethylcyclo-pentasiloxane, dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane,
heptamethyloctyltrisiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane,
decamethyltetrasiloxane, dodecamethylpentasiloxane, and their
mixtures. In at least certain embodiments, the volatile silicone
oils have a flash point of at least 40.degree. C.
[0101] Additionally, the at least one volatile solvent may be
chosen from polar volatile solvents, including but are not limited
to, alcohols, volatile esters and volatile ethers.
[0102] The at least one solvent may be present in the composition
in an amount up to about 95%, such as up to about 90%, up to about
85%, up to about 80%, up to about 75%, up to about 70%, up to about
65%, up to about 60%, up to about 55%, or up to about 50%, by
weight of the composition. For example, the at least one solvent
may be present in the composition in an amount ranging from about
40% to about 95%, such as about 50% to about 90%, or about 60% to
about 85%, or about 65% to about 80%.
[0103] Silicone Elastomer
[0104] The composition may further optionally comprise at least one
silicone elastomer. Surprisingly, in certain embodiments, the at
least one silicone elastomer may improve properties such as the
thickness and water-resistance of the film, without significantly
affecting the mechanical or optical properties of the film. In
other embodiments, the addition of at least one silicone elastomer
may decrease wettability by sebum, which will help prevent the film
from losing tightening properties. It may, in at least certain
embodiments, be advantageous to choose a silicone elastomer having
greater than 1% active material (AM), such as greater than 2%
AM.
[0105] The at least one silicone elastomer may, for example, be
chosen from at least one silicone crosspolymer dispersed in at
least one oil. The at least one silicone crosspolymer may, in
certain embodiments, be chosen from dimethicone crosspolymers, such
as dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymers and
dimethicone/phenyl vinyl dimethicone crosspolymers. In other
embodiments, the silicone cross-polymer may be modified by one or
more groups chosen from alkyl, polyether, polyglycerin groups. For
instance, the alkyl modified silicone cross-polymers may be chosen
from vinyl dimethicone/lauryl dimethicone cross-polymers, cetearyl
dimethicone cross-polymers, and C.sub.30-C.sub.45 alkyl cetearyl
dimethicone cross-polymers. Non-limiting examples of polyether
modified silicone cross-polymers include dimethicone/PEG-10/15
cross-polymers. Exempary alkyl and polyether modified silicone
cross-polymers may be chosen, for example, from PEG-10/lauryl
dimethicone cross-polymers and PEG-15/lauryl dimethicone
cross-polymers. Exemplary polyglycerin modified silicone
cross-polymers include dimethicone/polyglycerin-3 cross-polymers
and lauryl dimethicone/polyglycerin-3 cross-polymers.
[0106] In at least certain embodiments, the silicone polymers do
not comprise polyethylene glycol or polypropylene groups, or
hydrophilic moieties. Optionally, the silicone elastomer may be
chosen from the silicone organic blends isododecane (and)
dimethicone crosspolymer (18% AM) sold under the name EL-8040 ID or
dimethicone/bis-isobutyl PPG-20 crosspolymer (17% AM in
isododecane) sold under the name EL-8050 ID, by Dow Corning; or
isododecane (and) vinyldimethyl/trimethylsiloxysilicate stearyl
dimethicone crosspolymer (20% AM in isododecane), sold under the
name GEL BELSIL RG90 by Wacker.
[0107] The silicone crosspolymer may be dispersed in at least one
oil. In certain embodiments, the oil may be chosen from silicone
oils, such as cyclic and linear organopolysiloxanes. Cyclic
organopolysiloxanes may include, for example, cyclotetrasiloxane;
cyclopentasiloxane; and methylated cyclic organopolysiloxanes, for
example, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and
decamethylcyclopentasiloxane. Non-limiting examples of linear
organopolysiloxanes include low molecular weight dimethicones; high
molecular weight dimethicones; alkyl derivatives of linear
organopolysiloxanes, for example, cetyl dimethicone and lauryl
trimethicone; aryl derivatives of linear organopolysiloxanes, for
example, phenyl trimethicone; and hydroxylated derivatives of
linear organopolysiloxanes, for example, dimethiconol. In other
embodiments, the oil may be chosen from organic oils, such as
mineral oil; linear and branched alkanes, for example, isododecane;
triethylhexanoin; and squalane.
[0108] The at least one silicone crosspolymer may, in some
embodiments, comprise from about 5% to about 35% by weight,
relative to the total weight of the silicone elastomer blend, for
example, from about 10% to about 20% by weight, or from about 25%
to about 35% by weight, or from about 20% to about 30% by weight.
The at least one oil may comprise from about 65% to about 95% by
weight, relative to the total weight of the silicone elastomer
blend, such as from about 80% to about 90% by weight, or from about
65% to about 75% by weight, or from about 70% to about 80% by
weight.
[0109] In various exemplary embodiments, the silicone elastomer
blend comprises from about 20% to about 30% of dimethicone/vinyl
dimethicone cross-polymer. In further exemplary embodiments, the
silicone elastomer blend comprises from about 70% to about 80% by
weight of dimethicone. In yet further exemplary embodiments, the
silicone elastomer blend comprises from about 20% to about 30% of
dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone cross-polymer and from about 70% to
about 80% by weight dimethicone.
[0110] For example, silicone elastomers sold under the name KSG-16
dimethicone (and) dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone corpsspolymer,
KSG-21 (at 27% in active material) INCI name: Dimethicone/PEG-10
Dimethicone vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer), KSG-20 (at 95% in
active material) INCI name: PEG-10 Dimethicone Crosspolymer),
KSG-30, (at 100% in active material) INCI name: Lauryl PEG-15
Dimethicone vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer), KSG-31 (at 25% in
active material) INCI name: Lauryl PEG-15 Dimethicone vinyl
dimethicone crosspolymer), KSG-32 or KSG-42 or KSG-320 or KSG-30
(at 25% in active material) INCI name: Lauryl PEG-15 Dimethicone
vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer), KSG-33: Lauryl PEG-15 (at 20% in
active material) Dimethicone vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer),
KSG-210 (at 25% in active material) INCI name:
Dimethicone/PEG-10/15 crosspolymer), KSG-310: lauryl modified
polydimethylsiloxane polyoxyethylenated in mineral oil, KSG-330 and
KSG-340: PEG-15/lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer, and X-226146 (at
32% in active material) INCI name: Dimethicone/PEG-10 Dimethicone
vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer), all by Shin Etsu; DC9010 (at 9% in
active material) and DC9011 (at 11% in active material) INCI name:
PEG-12 dimethicone crosspolymer), DC9040 cyclopentasiloxane (and)
dimethicone crosspolymer, and DC9041 dimethicone (and) dimethicone
crosspolymer, all by Dow Corning; or the products sold under the
VELVESIL product line by Momentive, such as VELVESIL 125 and
VELVESIL DM, may be chosen.
[0111] Other examples of silicone elastomers include KSG-710 (at
25% in active material, INCI name: dimethicone/polyglycerin-3
crosspolymer); and KSG-820, KSG-830 and KSG-840, all of which are
dimethicone/polvaleverin-3 crosspolymer (INCI), but in different
diluents, 820 is in isododecane, 830 is in triethyl hexanoin, and
840 is in squalene, all by Shin Estu.
[0112] The at least one silicone elastomer may optionally be
included in the composition in an amount up to about 10%, such as
up to about 8%, up to about 5%, about 4.5%, up to about 4%, up to
about 3.5%, up to about 3%, up to about 2.5%, up to about 2%, up to
about 1.5%, up to about 1%, up to about 0.75%, up to about 0.5%, up
to about 0.25%, up to about 0.2%, or up to about 0.1%, by weight,
relative to the weight of the composition. In certain embodiments,
the at least one silicone elastomer may be present in an amount
ranging from about 1% to about 10%, such as about 2% to about 8%,
about 3% to about 6%, or about 4% to about 5%, by weight, relative
to the weight of the composition.
[0113] Humectants
[0114] Optionally, compositions according to the disclosure may
comprise at least one humectant or moisturizing agent.
Surprisingly, in at least certain embodiments, the at least one
humectant may improve the optical properties and feeling of the
film formed on the skin by the composition, without negatively
affecting the mechanical properties of the film.
[0115] By way of example only, humectants or moisturizing agents
may be chosen from polyhydroxy compounds including but not limited
to glycerin and glycols such as, for example, propylene glycol,
butylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and diethylene glycol, glycol
ethers such as monopropylene, dipropylene and tripropylene glycol
alkyl(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)ethers, monoethylene, diethylene and
triethylene glycol.
[0116] The at least one humectant may be present in the composition
in an amount up to about 20%, such as up to about 15%, up to about
14%, up to about 13%, up to about 12%, up to about 11%, up to about
10%, up to about 9%, up to about 8%, up to about 7%, up to about
6%, up to about 5%, up to about 4%, up to about 3%, up to about 2%,
up to about 1%, or up to about 0.5%, by weight of the
composition.
[0117] Water
[0118] Optionally, in at least certain embodiments, water may be
added to the compositions according to the disclosure.
Surprisingly, in certain non-limiting embodiments, water may
improve the properties of the film formed on the skin by the
composition, such as Young Modulus, transparency, cohesion, and
thickness.
[0119] Water can be included in the composition in an amount up to
about 15%, up to about 12%, up to about 10%, up to about 9%, up to
about 8%, up to about 7%, up to about 6%, up to about 5%, up to
about 4%, up to about 3%, up to about 2%, up to about 1%, or up to
about 0.5%, by weight of the composition. In at least certain
embodiments, the compositions are anhydrous or substantially
anhydrous. In other embodiments, the compositions may be in the
form of a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion.
[0120] It may, in at least certain embodiments, be advantageous to
include water and at least one humectant, for example water and
glycerin, in the composition together.
Film
[0121] When the compositions according to the disclosure are
applied to the skin, the at least one thermoplastic elastomer, the
at least one adhesive polymer, and the at least one filler together
form a matrix that creates a film on the skin. The films formed by
the compositions described herein form quickly, are long-lasting
and durable, and have optical properties that are advantageous for
hiding skin imperfections, such as minimal thickness, good coverage
of imperfections, a matte effect, and a soft focus effect which
helps to blur skin imperfections so that they are less
noticeable.
[0122] In various exemplary embodiments, for the best film
properties, it may be advantageous for the total amount of
thermoplastic elastomer plus adhesive polymer plus filler to be
greater than about 10%, such as greater than about 15% or greater
than about 20%, by weight, of the total weight of the
composition.
[0123] In yet further exemplary embodiments, for the best film
properties, it may be advantageous for amounts of the thermoplastic
elastomer and adhesive polymer to be chosen so that the ratio of
thermoplastic elastomer:adhesive polymer is in the range of about
1:10 to 10:1, in the range of about 1:5 to 5:1, or in the range of
about 1:1 to 8:1.
[0124] The films may be formed quickly, for example within less
than about 30 minutes, less than about 20 minutes, less than about
10 minutes, or less than about 5 minutes, after the composition is
applied to the skin.
[0125] Films according to the disclosure may be long-lasting. For
example, once the composition is applied to the skin and a film is
formed, the film may remain substantially intact on the skin for a
period of at least about 6 hours, such as at least about 12 hours,
at least about 24 hours, at least about 48 hours, or at least about
72 hours, unless the film is intentionally removed by the user.
[0126] The films may also be durable. For example, the film may not
rub off, may not come off with sweat, or when the film is contacted
by water, makeup, lotions, or other products that the user may wish
to put on the skin.
[0127] The films may, in some embodiments, be nearly undetectable
to the human eye. While pigments may be added, the pigments may
optionally allow the film to have a coloration that is nearly
identical to the skin, allowing the film to "blend in" with the
skin. Additionally, the film is durable and thin enough to allow
the user to apply the composition to skin imperfections to form a
film thereon, and then go about a normal make-up routine without
adversely affecting the film.
[0128] The films that are formed by the compositions described
herein may have a Young Modulus of less than about 500 kPa, less
than about 400 kPa, less than about 300 kPa, less than about 250
kPa, less than about 200 kPa, less than about 150 kPa, less than
about 100 kPa, less than about 75 kPa, or less than about 50 kPa.
As such, the films may be considered non-tightening, i.e. the films
do not, or not significantly, have a feeling of contracting on the
skin in order to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and eye bags.
However, the films will still improve the appearance of the skin by
hiding or blurring the appearance of skin imperfections, such as
wrinkles, eyebags, pimples, pores, dark spots, etc.
Methods
[0129] Methods of improving the appearance of the skin are also
disclosed, said methods comprising applying a composition according
to the disclosure onto the skin in order to form a long-lasting
film on the skin. Methods comprise blurring or hiding skin
imperfections, e.g. to cover or camouflage pimples, pores, dark
spots, etc.
[0130] It to be understood that, as used herein the terms "the,"
"a," or "an," mean "at least one," and should not be limited to
"only one" unless explicitly indicated to the contrary. Thus, for
example, reference to "a portion" includes examples having two or
more such portions unless the context clearly indicates
otherwise.
[0131] Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is in no way intended
that any method set forth herein be construed as requiring that its
steps be performed in a specific order. Accordingly, where a method
claim does not actually recite an order to be followed by its steps
or it is not otherwise specifically stated in the claims or
descriptions that the steps are to be limited to a specific order,
it is no way intended that any particular order be inferred.
[0132] While various features, elements or steps of particular
embodiments may be disclosed using the transitional phrase
"comprising," it is to be understood that alternative embodiments,
including those that may be described using the transitional
phrases "consisting" or "consisting essentially of," are implied.
Thus, for example, implied alternative embodiments to a method that
comprises A+B+C include embodiments where a method consists of
A+B+C and embodiments where a method consists essentially of A+B+C.
As described, the phrase "at least one of A, B, and C" is intended
to include "at least one A or at least one B or at least one C,"
and is also intended to include "at least one A and at least one B
and at least one C."
[0133] All ranges and amounts given herein are intended to include
subranges and amounts using any disclosed point as an end point.
Thus, a range of "1% to 10%, such as 2% to 8%, such as 3% to 5%,"
is intended to encompass ranges of "1% to 8%," "1% to 5%," "2% to
10%," and so on. All numbers, amounts, ranges, etc., are intended
to be modified by the term "about," whether or not so expressly
stated. Similarly, a range given of "about 1% to 10%" is intended
to have the term "about" modifying both the 1% and the 10%
endpoints.
[0134] It is understood that when an amount of a component is
given, it is intended to signify the amount of the active
material.
[0135] It should be understood that all patents and published
patent applications referenced are incorporated herein in their
entireties.
[0136] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing
quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, and so forth used
in the specification and claims are to be understood as being
modified in all instances by the term "about." Accordingly, unless
indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in
the following specification and attached claims are approximations
that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be
obtained by the present disclosure.
[0137] Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters
setting forth the broad scope of the disclosure are approximations,
unless otherwise indicated the numerical values set forth in the
specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any
numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors
necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their
respective testing measurements. The example that follows serves to
illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure without, however,
being limiting in nature.
[0138] The compositions and methods according to the present
disclosure can comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of the
elements and limitations described herein, as well as any
additional or optional ingredients, components, or limitations
described herein or otherwise known in the art.
[0139] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various
modifications and variations can be made in the delivery system,
composition and methods of the invention without departing from the
spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the
present invention cover the modifications and variations of this
invention provided that they come within the scope of the appended
claims and their equivalents.
EXAMPLES
[0140] The following Examples are provided for illustrative
purposes only, and are not intended to be limiting.
[0141] In each of the following examples, the amounts of components
given are in terms of active material (AM).
Haze and Transparency-BYK Haze-Guard
[0142] The film was made by using a draw down bar at 8'' to cast
the solution on a transparent plastic film and dried on bench for 3
hours. The BYK Haze-Guard instrument was used to measure the
transparency and the haze of the film.
Transparency, Homogenizing Power and Whitening Power--Colorimeter
MINOLTA
[0143] The film was made by casting the solution on a transparent
plastic film using a draw down bar (2 mil) and left to dry on the
bench for 1 hour. The Minolta colorimeter was used to measure the
L, a*, b* and Y of the film, and of a skin tone sheet reference and
black and white reference, in order to calculate the transparency,
homogenizing power, and whitening power of the films.
Wear and Coverage
[0144] The films were applied on the cheeks of 3 panelists with
pimples and pores along nose/cheek area and left for 6 hours. Last
was evaluated through before/after pictures. Shininess, pore
hiding, imperfections coverage for times both before and after were
evaluated.
Example 1: Compositions that Form Films
[0145] The thermoplastic elastomer, Kraton (25%), was dispersed in
isoparaffin oil with a mechanical stirrer and heated to 90.degree.
C. Stirring continued at 90.degree. C. for 1-2 hours until all
Kraton polymer was dissolved and the polymer solution became clear.
The desired amounts of oil dispersion (49% in isododecane), silica
silylate, silicone elastomer (DC EL-8040 ID silicone organic blend
at 18% isododecane), and pigments were added into the
Kraton/isoparaffin oil solution at the specified ratios in a
plastic container, and the solution was mixed with a high speed
mixer at 2500 rpm/min for 5 minutes. The final solution was kept at
room temperature and sealed to avoid the evaporation of
solvents.
[0146] The following Table 1 shows the comparison of the
formulations according to the disclosure with pigments, and films
formed therefrom (Ex. 1a; 1b), and two comparative commercial
formulations.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Comparison of film-forming compositions for
improving appearance of skin and two commercial foundations
Revitalift Miracle Teint Idole Blur (L'Oreal Ex. 1a Ex. 1b Lancome
Paris) HYDROGENATED 11.100% 11.100% STYRENE/BUTADIENE COPOLYMER OIL
DISPERSION 2.769% 2.769% SILICA SILYLATE 3% 3% ISODODECANE 45.180%
43.83% C8-9 ISOPARAFFIN 33.300% 33.300% SILICONE ELASTOMER 4.500%
4.500% TITANIUM DIOXIDE 0.109% 1.085% IRON OXIDE, RED 0.003% 0.026%
IRON OXIDE, BLACK 0.001% 0.007% IRON OXIDE, YELLOW 0.008% 0.083%
NYLON-12 0.030% 0.30% Total 100.000% 100.000% Transparency 80.17
54.00 13.59 86.03 Haze 95.5 102 103 74.4 Homogenizing power 42.42
86.23 460.34 31.12 Whitening power 19.87 30.82 28.91 13.93
Efficacy/lastingness on ++/+ pores Efficacy/lastingness on +++/+++
++/++ pimple hiding
[0147] The films were evaluated as described above. Ex. 1a and 1b
are long-lasting and demonstrate a strong ability to hide more
prominent skin imperfections, such as pimples. Both the Ex. 1a and
1b films show better results in hiding or blurring skin
imperfections, while being longer-lasting, than either of the
comparative commercial formulations.
* * * * *