U.S. patent application number 15/493814 was filed with the patent office on 2018-10-25 for method for off-gasing purified gases in a melting device.
The applicant listed for this patent is Larry Baxter, Nathan Davis, Aaron Sayre, Kyler Stitt. Invention is credited to Larry Baxter, Nathan Davis, Aaron Sayre, Kyler Stitt.
Application Number | 20180306496 15/493814 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 63852519 |
Filed Date | 2018-10-25 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180306496 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Baxter; Larry ; et
al. |
October 25, 2018 |
Method for Off-Gasing Purified Gases in a Melting Device
Abstract
A method for producing a purified product stream is disclosed. A
process stream is provided to a screw compressor, the process
stream comprising a contact liquid stream and a product stream,
wherein the product stream comprises a solid portion. The process
stream is passed through the screw compressor and into a melting
device. The solid portion of the product stream is melted in the
melting device to a temperature and a pressure such that a portion
of the product stream vaporizes, forming a purified product stream,
and vaporization of the contact liquid stream into the purified
product stream is essentially prevented. A restricted outlet is
provided to an upper portion of the vessel. The restricted outlet
is proportionally controlled such that the pressure and the
temperature is maintained as the purified product stream passes
through the restricted outlet. In this manner, the purified product
stream is produced.
Inventors: |
Baxter; Larry; (Orem,
UT) ; Stitt; Kyler; (Lindon, UT) ; Sayre;
Aaron; (Spanish Fork, UT) ; Davis; Nathan;
(Bountiful, UT) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Baxter; Larry
Stitt; Kyler
Sayre; Aaron
Davis; Nathan |
Orem
Lindon
Spanish Fork
Bountiful |
UT
UT
UT
UT |
US
US
US
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
63852519 |
Appl. No.: |
15/493814 |
Filed: |
April 21, 2017 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01D 1/0047 20130101;
B01B 1/005 20130101; B01D 1/00 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F25J 3/02 20060101
F25J003/02 |
Goverment Interests
[0001] This invention was made with government support under
DE-FE0028697 awarded by The Department of Energy. The government
has certain rights in the invention.
Claims
1. A method for producing a purified product stream comprising:
providing a process stream to a screw compressor, the process
stream comprising a contact liquid stream and a product stream,
wherein the product stream comprises a solid portion; passing the
process stream through the screw compressor and into a melting
device; melting the solid portion of the product stream in the
melting device to a temperature and a pressure such that: a portion
of the product stream vaporizes, forming a purified product stream;
and, vaporization of the contact liquid stream into the purified
product stream is essentially prevented; providing a restricted
outlet to an upper portion of the vessel; proportionally
controlling the restricted outlet such that the pressure and the
temperature is maintained as the purified product stream passes
through the restricted outlet; whereby the purified product stream
is produced.
2. The method of claim 1, providing the product stream further
comprising carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen
dioxide, sulfur trioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide,
water, condensed hydrocarbons, or combinations thereof.
3. The method of claim 1, providing the screw compressor comprising
a connection to the melting device above a level of the process
stream.
4. The method of claim 1, providing the screw compressor comprising
a connection to the melting device below a level of the process
stream.
5. The method of claim 1, providing the restricted outlet
comprising a valve, a compressor, a pump, or a combination
thereof.
6. The method of claim 5, providing the vessel further comprising a
pressure sensor, an output of the pressure sensor transmitting the
pressure.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the proportionally controlling
step is accomplished by opening or closing the restricted outlet
proportional to the pressure.
8. The method of claim 7, providing the vessel further comprising a
level sensor, an output of the level sensor transmitting a liquid
level.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising maintaining the liquid
level of the process stream in the melting device by the output of
the level sensor.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising providing a
controller, the controller receiving the output of the pressure
sensor and the output of the level sensor and controlling the
restricted outlet and the liquid level.
11. The method of claim 1, providing the melting device comprising
a shell and tube style heat exchanger, plate style heat exchanger,
plate and frame style heat exchanger, plate and shell style heat
exchanger, spiral style heat exchanger, plate fin style heat
exchanger, or combinations thereof.
12. The method of claim 1, providing the contact liquid stream
comprising any compound or mixture of compounds with a freezing
point below the temperature at which the product stream
solidifies.
13. The method of claim 1, providing the contact liquid stream
comprising water, brine, hydrocarbons, liquid ammonia, liquid
carbon dioxide, other cryogenic liquids, other hydrocarbons, and
combinations thereof.
14. The method of claim 1, providing the contact liquid stream
comprising 1,1,3-trimethylcyclopentane, 1,4-pentadiene,
1,5-hexadiene, 1-butene, 1-methyl-1-ethylcyclopentane, 1-pentene,
3,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene,
3-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 3-methylpentane,
3-methyl-1,4-pentadiene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-1-pentene,
3-methylpentane, 5-methyl-1-hexene, 5-methyl-1-pentene,
5-methylcyclopentene, 5-methyl-trans-2-pentene,
bromochlorodifluoromethane, bromodifluoromethane,
bromotrifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, cis 3-hexene,
cis-1,3-pentadiene, cis-2-hexene, cis-2-pentene,
dichlorodifluoromethane, difluoromethyl ether, trifluoromethyl
ether, dimethyl ether, ethyl fluoride, ethyl mercaptan,
hexafluoropropylene, isobutane, isobutene, isobutyl mercaptan,
isopentane, isoprene, methyl isopropyl ether, methylcyclohexane,
methylcyclopentane, methylcyclopropane, n,n-diethylmethylamine,
octafluoropropane, pentafluoroethyl trifluorovinyl ether, propane,
sec-butyl mercaptan, trans-2-pentene, trifluoromethyl
trifluorovinyl ether, vinyl chloride, bromotrifluoromethane,
chlorodifluoromethane, dimethyl silane, ketene, methyl silane,
perchloryl fluoride, propylene, vinyl fluoride, or combinations
thereof.
15. The method of claim 1, providing the process stream further
comprising a solid portion comprising particulates, mercury, other
heavy metals, condensed organics, soot, inorganic ash components,
biomass, salts, water ice, frozen acid gases, other impurities
common to a vitiated flow, the producer gases, or the other
industrial flows, or combinations thereof.
16. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing the
purified product stream to a pure liquid product stream to condense
the purified product stream into the pure liquid product
stream.
17. The method of claim 1, further comprising cooling the purified
product stream in a heat exchanger, producing a cooled purified
product stream.
18. The method of claim 17, further comprising compressing the
cooled purified product stream into a liquid phase, producing a
liquefied pure product stream.
19. The method of claim 18, further comprising passing the
liquefied pure product stream through a heat exchanger.
20. The method of claim 1, providing the screw compressor further
comprising porous walls through which a portion of the contact
liquid stream is removed.
Description
BACKGROUND
Field of the Invention
[0002] This invention relates generally to the field of
separations. More particularly, we are interested in separating
acid gases, such as carbon dioxide, from cryogenic liquids.
Related Technology
[0003] The art of separations is well developed for the majority of
standard applications. However, cryogenic separations are still a
relatively new field and many difficult separation problems still
exist. One of these is separating carbon dioxide and other acid
gases from various carrier gases. Scrubbing of these carrier gases
by various organic solvents produces slurries that can be
compressed to further produce liquid mixtures of carbon dioxide and
the solvents. However, separating these solvents from the carbon
dioxide at high purity is energy intensive and cost prohibitive.
The ability to effectively separate liquid carbon dioxide and other
liquefied acid gases from carrier solvents is required.
[0004] Venting of gases produced from liquid mixtures is used in
every industry where a gas or vapor may volatilize and thereby
over-pressurize a vessel, pipe, or other equipment. However, using
this tendency to purposefully make a purified product gas stream
from a multi-component liquid mixture is not found. Because these
gases and vapors are volatized from the liquid mixture as a
byproduct and not under carefully tailored conditions, the vapors
contain at least a portion of non-product components. The ability
to produce vent gases and vapors with essentially no non-product
components is required.
[0005] United States patent publication number 5974829, to Novak,
et al., teaches a method for carbon dioxide recovery from a feed
stream. At one point, the compressed flow is passed through a
distillation column and separated into a vent gas containing some
carbon dioxide and a high purity bottom liquid carbon dioxide
stream. The present disclosure differs from this disclosure in that
the vent gas is a mixture, not a pure carbon dioxide stream. This
disclosure is pertinent and may benefit from the methods disclosed
herein and is hereby incorporated for reference in its entirety for
all that it teaches.
SUMMARY
[0006] A method for producing a purified product stream is
disclosed. A process stream is provided to a screw compressor, the
process stream comprising a contact liquid stream and a product
stream, wherein the product stream comprises a solid portion. The
process stream is passed through the screw compressor and into a
melting device. The solid portion of the product stream is melted
in the melting device to a temperature and a pressure such that a
portion of the product stream vaporizes, forming a purified product
stream, and vaporization of the contact liquid stream into the
purified product stream is essentially prevented. A restricted
outlet is provided to an upper portion of the vessel. The
restricted outlet is proportionally controlled such that the
pressure and the temperature is maintained as the purified product
stream passes through the restricted outlet. In this manner, the
purified product stream is produced.
[0007] The product stream may comprise carbon dioxide, nitrogen
oxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur trioxide, hydrogen
sulfide, hydrogen cyanide, water, condensed hydrocarbons, or
combinations thereof.
[0008] The screw compressor may comprise a connection to the
melting device above a level of the process stream. The screw
compressor may comprise a connection to the melting device below a
level of the process stream.
[0009] The restricted outlet may comprise a valve, a compressor, a
pump, or a combination thereof. The vessel further may comprise a
pressure sensor, an output of the pressure sensor transmitting the
pressure. The proportionally controlling step may be accomplished
by opening or closing the restricted outlet proportional to the
pressure. The vessel may comprise a level sensor, an output of the
level sensor transmitting a liquid level. The liquid level of the
process stream in the melting device may be maintained by the
output of the level sensor.
[0010] A controller may be provided, the controller receiving the
output of the pressure sensor and the output of the level sensor
and controlling the restricted outlet and the liquid level.
[0011] The melting device may comprise a shell and tube style heat
exchanger, plate style heat exchanger, plate and frame style heat
exchanger, plate and shell style heat exchanger, spiral style heat
exchanger, plate fin style heat exchanger, or combinations
thereof.
[0012] The contact liquid stream may comprise any compound or
mixture of compounds with a freezing point below the temperature at
which the product stream solidifies. The contact liquid stream may
comprise water, brine, hydrocarbons, liquid ammonia, liquid carbon
dioxide, other cryogenic liquids, other hydrocarbons, and
combinations thereof. The contact liquid stream may comprise
1,1,3-trimethylcyclopentane, 1,4-pentadiene, 1,5-hexadiene,
1-butene, 1-methyl-1-ethylcyclopentane, 1-pentene,
3,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene,
3-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 3-methylpentane,
3-methyl-1,4-pentadiene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-1-pentene,
3-methylpentane, 5-methyl-1-hexene, 5-methyl-1-pentene,
5-methylcyclopentene, 5-methyl-trans-2-pentene,
bromochlorodifluoromethane, bromodifluoromethane,
bromotrifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, cis 3-hexene,
cis-1,3-pentadiene, cis-2-hexene, cis-2-pentene,
dichlorodifluoromethane, difluoromethyl ether, trifluoromethyl
ether, dimethyl ether, ethyl fluoride, ethyl mercaptan,
hexafluoropropylene, isobutane, isobutene, isobutyl mercaptan,
isopentane, isoprene, methyl isopropyl ether, methylcyclohexane,
methylcyclopentane, methylcyclopropane, n,n-diethylmethylamine,
octafluoropropane, pentafluoroethyl trifluorovinyl ether, propane,
sec-butyl mercaptan, trans-2-pentene, trifluoromethyl
trifluorovinyl ether, vinyl chloride, bromotrifluoromethane,
chlorodifluoromethane, dimethyl silane, ketene, methyl silane,
perchloryl fluoride, propylene, vinyl fluoride, or combinations
thereof.
[0013] The process stream may comprise a solid portion comprising
particulates, mercury, other heavy metals, condensed organics,
soot, inorganic ash components, biomass, salts, water ice, frozen
acid gases, other impurities common to a vitiated flow, the
producer gases, or the other industrial flows, or combinations
thereof.
[0014] The purified product stream may be provided to a pure liquid
product stream to condense the purified product stream into the
pure liquid product stream. The purified product stream may be
cooled in a heat exchanger, producing a cooled purified product
stream. The cooled purified product stream may be compressed into a
liquid phase, producing a liquefied pure product stream. The
liquefied pure product stream may be passed through a heat
exchanger.
[0015] The screw compressor may comprise porous walls through which
a portion of the contact liquid stream is removed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] In order that the advantages of the invention will be
readily understood, a more particular description of the invention
briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific
embodiments illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding
that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the
invention and are not therefore to be considered limiting of its
scope, the invention will be described and explained with
additional specificity and detail through use of the accompanying
drawings, in which:
[0017] FIG. 1 shows a method for producing a purified product
stream.
[0018] FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of a screw compressor and
melter for producing a purified product stream.
[0019] FIG. 3 shows a cross-section of a screw compressor and
melter for producing a purified product stream.
[0020] FIG. 4 shows an expanding pipe assembly for producing a
purified product stream.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] It will be readily understood that the components of the
present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the
Figures herein, could be arranged and designed in a wide variety of
different configurations. Thus, the following more detailed
description of the embodiments of the invention, as represented in
the Figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention,
as claimed, but is merely representative of certain examples of
presently contemplated embodiments in accordance with the
invention.
[0022] Referring to FIG. 1, a method for producing a purified
product stream is shown at 100, as per one embodiment of the
present invention. A process stream, comprising a contact liquid
stream and a product stream, the product stream comprising a solid
portion, is provided to a screw compressor 101. The process stream
is passed through the screw compressor into a melting device 102.
The solid portion of the product stream is melted to a temperature
and a pressure 103. A portion of the product stream vaporizes,
forming a purified product stream 104. A restricted outlet is
provided to an upper portion of the vessel and is proportionally
controlled such that the pressure is maintained, the pressure
essentially preventing vaporization of the contact liquid stream
105. The purified product stream is passed through the restricted
outlet 106. In this manner, the purified product stream is
produced. In some embodiments, the screw compressor further
comprises porous walls through which a portion of the contact
liquid stream is removed.
[0023] Referring to FIG. 2, a cross-section of a screw compressor
and melter for producing a purified product stream is shown at 200,
as per one embodiment of the present invention. Screw compressor
202 comprises screw inlet 208, filtering walls 216, and screw
outlet 210. Melter 204 receives material through screw outlet 210
and comprises gas outlet 212, liquid outlet 214, and exchanger 206.
Carbon dioxide slurry 220, comprising a contact liquid stream and a
combination of carbon dioxide liquid and carbon dioxide solids, is
passed through screw inlet 208 and is compressed through screw
compressor 202, with a portion of the contact liquid stream pushed
through filter walls 216. The remainder of process stream 220
passes into melter 204 as melter feed stream 222. Melter feed
stream 222 is heated, melting the solid carbon dioxide, causing a
portion of the carbon dioxide to vaporize as carbon dioxide product
stream 224, with the remainder becoming product liquid 226. The
contact liquid is essentially prevented from vaporizing at the
pressure in the melter. Product liquid 226 leaves through melter
outlet 214.
[0024] Referring to FIG. 3, a cross-section of a screw compressor
and melter for producing a purified product stream is shown at 300,
as per one embodiment of the present invention. Screw compressor
302 comprises screw inlet 308, filtering walls 316, and screw
outlet 310. Melter 304 receives material through screw outlet 310
and comprises gas outlet 312, liquid outlet 314, exchanger 306,
level sensor 18, first pressure sensor 330, and second pressure
sensor 332. Carbon dioxide slurry 320, comprising a contact liquid
stream and a combination of carbon dioxide liquid and carbon
dioxide solids, is passed through screw inlet 308 and is compressed
through screw compressor 302, with a portion of the contact liquid
stream pushed through filter walls 316. The remainder of process
stream 320 passes into melter 304 as melter feed stream 322. Melte
feed stream 322 is heated, melting the solid carbon dioxide,
causing a portion of the carbon dioxide to vaporize as carbon
dioxide product stream 324, with the remainder becoming product
liquid 326. The contact liquid is essentially prevented from
vaporizing at the pressure in the melter. Product liquid 326 leaves
through melter outlet 314. The pressure is maintained and gas
outlet 312 is controlled by utilizing the pressure output of first
pressure sensor 330 to proportionally control the opening or
closing of gas outlet valve 312. Outputs from second pressure
sensor 332 and level sensor 318 are used to maintain the liquid
level. In some embodiments, the liquid level is maintained below
the level of screw outlet 310.
[0025] Referring to FIG. 4, an expanding pipe assembly for
producing a purified product stream is shown at 400, as per one
embodiment of the present invention. Expanding pipe assembly 402
comprises an inlet pipe 404, an expanding section 406, an expanded
section 408, a gas outlet valve 410 with valve actuator 412,
pressure sensor 414, and pipe outlet 416. The pipes are all wrapped
in heat tape (not shown for clarity). Process stream 420,
comprising a contact liquid stream and a product stream, the
product stream comprising a solid portion, is provided from a screw
compressor (not shown) to inlet pipe 404. Process stream 420 is
expanded through expanding section 406 into expanded section 408
and the solid portion melted by the heat tape. A portion of the
product stream vaporizes, forming purified product stream 426. The
pressure essentially prevents the vaporization of the contact
liquid stream. The remainder of the process stream forms liquid
product stream 422. The pressure is maintained by utilizing the
pressure output of pressure sensor 414 to proportionally control
the opening or closing of gas outlet valve 410. In some
embodiments, a temperature sensor is provided to expanding pipe
assembly 402 to provide further temperature control to process
stream 420.
[0026] In some embodiments, the product stream further comprising
carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide,
sulfur trioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide, water,
condensed hydrocarbons, or combinations thereof.
[0027] In some embodiments, the screw compressor comprises a
connection to the melting device above a level of the process
stream. In other embodiments, the screw compressor comprises a
connection to the melting device below a level of the process
stream.
[0028] In some embodiments, the restricted outlet comprises a
valve, a compressor, a pump, or a combination thereof. In some
embodiments, the vessel further comprises a pressure sensor, an
output of the pressure sensor transmitting the pressure. In some
embodiments, the proportionally controlling step is accomplished by
opening or closing the restricted outlet proportional to the
pressure. In some embodiments, the vessel further comprises a level
sensor, an output of the level sensor transmitting a liquid level.
In some embodiments, the liquid level of the process stream in the
melting device is maintained by the output of the level sensor. In
some embodiments, a controller is provided, the controller
receiving the output of the pressure sensor and the output of the
level sensor and controlling the restricted outlet and the liquid
level.
[0029] In some embodiments, the melting device comprises a shell
and tube style heat exchanger, plate style heat exchanger, plate
and frame style heat exchanger, plate and shell style heat
exchanger, spiral style heat exchanger, plate fin style heat
exchanger, or combinations thereof.
[0030] In some embodiments, the contact liquid stream comprises any
compound or mixture of compounds with a freezing point below the
temperature at which the product stream solidifies. In some
embodiments, the contact liquid stream comprises water, brine,
hydrocarbons, liquid ammonia, liquid carbon dioxide, other
cryogenic liquids, other hydrocarbons, and combinations thereof. In
some embodiments, the contact liquid stream comprises
1,1,3-trimethylcyclopentane, 1,4-pentadiene, 1,5-hexadiene,
1-butene, 1-methyl-1-ethylcyclopentane, 1-pentene,
3,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene,
3-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 3-methylpentane,
3-methyl-1,4-pentadiene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-1-pentene,
3-methylpentane, 5-methyl-1-hexene, 5-methyl-1-pentene,
5-methylcyclopentene, 5-methyl-trans-2-pentene,
bromochlorodifluoromethane, bromodifluoromethane,
bromotrifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, cis 3-hexene,
cis-1,3-pentadiene, cis-2-hexene, cis-2-pentene,
dichlorodifluoromethane, difluoromethyl ether, trifluoromethyl
ether, dimethyl ether, ethyl fluoride, ethyl mercaptan,
hexafluoropropylene, isobutane, isobutene, isobutyl mercaptan,
isopentane, isoprene, methyl isopropyl ether, methylcyclohexane,
methylcyclopentane, methylcyclopropane, n,n-diethylmethylamine,
octafluoropropane, pentafluoroethyl trifluorovinyl ether, propane,
sec-butyl mercaptan, trans-2-pentene, trifluoromethyl
trifluorovinyl ether, vinyl chloride, bromotrifluoromethane,
chlorodifluoromethane, dimethyl silane, ketene, methyl silane,
perchloryl fluoride, propylene, vinyl fluoride, or combinations
thereof.
[0031] In some embodiments, the process stream comprises a solid
portion comprising particulates, mercury, other heavy metals,
condensed organics, soot, inorganic ash components, biomass, salts,
water ice, frozen acid gases, other impurities common to a vitiated
flow, the producer gases, or the other industrial flows, or
combinations thereof.
[0032] In some embodiments, the purified product stream is provided
to a pure liquid product stream to condense the purified product
stream into the pure liquid product stream. In some embodiments,
the purified product stream is cooled in a heat exchanger,
producing a cooled purified product stream. In some embodiments,
the cooled purified product stream is compressed into a liquid
phase, producing a liquefied pure product stream. In some
embodiments, the liquefied pure product stream is passed through a
heat exchanger.
[0033] In some embodiments, the screw compressor further comprises
porous walls through which a portion of the contact liquid stream
is removed.
* * * * *