U.S. patent application number 16/011929 was filed with the patent office on 2018-10-18 for low pressure pilot operated relief valve.
The applicant listed for this patent is Emerson Vulcan Holding LLC. Invention is credited to Michael Marcellus, Michael McNeely, Stephen Simpson.
Application Number | 20180299911 16/011929 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 53543549 |
Filed Date | 2018-10-18 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180299911 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
McNeely; Michael ; et
al. |
October 18, 2018 |
Low Pressure Pilot Operated Relief Valve
Abstract
Embodiments of the invention provide a relief valve body
arranged between an inlet and an outlet. The relief valve body
includes an expanding nozzle extending along an axis, a first ramp
extending in an arcuate path from an apex to a first terminal
point, and a second ramp extending in an arcuate path from the apex
to a second terminal point. The first ramp and the second ramp
define an expanding flow area for a fluid flow between the inlet
and the outlet.
Inventors: |
McNeely; Michael; (Stafford,
TX) ; Marcellus; Michael; (Stafford, TX) ;
Simpson; Stephen; (Stafford, TX) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Emerson Vulcan Holding LLC |
St. Louis |
MO |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
53543549 |
Appl. No.: |
16/011929 |
Filed: |
June 19, 2018 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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15346813 |
Nov 9, 2016 |
10001788 |
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16011929 |
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14600943 |
Jan 20, 2015 |
9519294 |
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15346813 |
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61928850 |
Jan 17, 2014 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16K 1/06 20130101; F16K
27/02 20130101; G05D 16/16 20130101; F16K 27/0236 20130101; F16K
31/1266 20130101; F16K 17/02 20130101; Y10T 137/7764 20150401 |
International
Class: |
G05D 16/16 20060101
G05D016/16; F16K 1/06 20060101 F16K001/06; F16K 31/126 20060101
F16K031/126; F16K 27/02 20060101 F16K027/02; F16K 17/02 20060101
F16K017/02 |
Claims
1. A relief valve body arranged between an inlet and an outlet, the
relief valve body comprising: an expanding nozzle extending along
an axis; a first ramp extending in an arcuate path from an apex to
a first terminal point; and a second ramp extending in an arcuate
path from the apex to a second terminal point, the first ramp and
the second ramp define an expanding flow area for a fluid flow
between the inlet and the outlet.
2. The relief valve body of claim 1, wherein the expanding nozzle
includes a nozzle bulb, a nozzle exterior surface, and a valve
seat.
3. The relief valve body of claim 2, wherein the nozzle bulb
defines a substantially protrudent shape that protrudes away from
the axis.
4. The relief valve body of claim 2, wherein the first ramp and the
second ramp wrap around opposite sides of the nozzle exterior
surface.
5. The relief valve body of claim 1, further comprising a
redirecting pallet arranged downstream from the inlet.
6. The relief valve body of claim 1, wherein the first terminal
point and the second terminal point are arranged between the axis
and the outlet.
7. The relief valve body of claim 1, further comprising an arced
portion and a flat portion adjacent to the outlet.
8. A relief valve body arranged between an inlet and an outlet, the
relief valve body comprising: an expanding nozzle extending along
an axis; an interior surface arranged downstream of the expanding
nozzle and including a first ramped portion and a second ramped
portion, the first and second ramped portions ramping from an apex
toward the outlet around opposing sides of the expanding nozzle;
and a redirecting pallet arranged downstream of the expanding
nozzle and configured to direct fluid flow away from the axis and
toward the interior surface.
9. The relief valve body of claim 8, wherein the expanding nozzle
includes a nozzle bulb, a nozzle exterior surface, and a valve
seat.
10. The relief valve body of claim 9, wherein the nozzle bulb
defines a substantially protrudent shape that protrudes away from
the axis.
11. The relief valve body of claim 8, further comprising an arced
portion and a flat portion adjacent to the outlet.
12. The relief valve body of claim 11, wherein the arced portion
defines a decreasing flow area for fluid traversing toward the
outlet.
13. The relief valve body of claim 8, wherein the redirecting
pallet defines a curved portion and a flat portion that cooperate
to direct fluid flow towards the interior surface.
14. A relief valve body arranged between an inlet and an outlet,
the relief valve body comprising: a nozzle extending along an axis
and defining a nozzle expansion region and a nozzle bulb arranged
downstream of the nozzle expansion region, the nozzle bulb
protruding away from the axis; and an interior surface arranged
downstream of the nozzle and including a first ramped portion and a
second ramped portion, the first and second ramped portion ramping
from an apex toward the outlet around opposing sides of the nozzle,
wherein a fluid flow area traversed by fluid flowing from the inlet
toward the outlet is initially expanded by the nozzle expansion
region and is subsequently expanded by the first and second ramped
portions.
15. The relief valve body of claim 14, further comprising an arced
portion and a flat portion adjacent to the outlet.
16. The relief valve body of claim 15, wherein the arced portion
defines a decreasing flow area for fluid traversing toward the
outlet.
17. The relief valve body of claim 14, further comprising a
redirecting pallet arranged downstream from the nozzle.
18. The relief valve body of claim 17, wherein the redirecting
pallet defines a curved portion and a flat portion that cooperate
to direct fluid flow toward the interior surface.
19. The relief valve body of claim 14, wherein the nozzle expansion
region defines a substantially frusto-conical shape.
20. The relief valve body of claim 14, wherein the nozzle expansion
region defines an expansion ratio R.sub.exp of between about 1.5
and about 2.1.
Description
RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation of co-pending U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 15/346,813, filed on Nov. 9, 2016, which is a
continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/600,943, filed
on Jan. 20, 2015, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 61/928,850, filed on Jan. 17, 2014, the entire
disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by
reference.
BACKGROUND
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to relief valves
for pressure vessels and, in particular, to pilot operated relief
valves.
[0003] Current manufacturers commonly employ valve body designs
intended to direct a fluid flow at a right angle with respect to an
inlet without consideration to an expansion of the traversing
fluid. Additionally, such designs typically do not provide means
for controlling the expansion of the traversing fluid, and commonly
rely solely on a cylindrical curtain area to allow the traversing
fluid to pass into the valve body. Such valves deliver inferior
flow rate efficiency through the valve body and, therefore, it
would be desirable to have a valve body that provides a means to
control the expansion of the traversing fluid through the valve
body.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0004] The aforementioned shortcomings can be overcome by providing
a relief valve body that includes features configured for increased
efficiency of fluid flowing through the valve. Additionally, an
interior shape of the inventive relief valve body allows for
controlled expansion of the fluid and the management of the fluid
energy in assisting in the change of direction of fluid flow. Such
features may also provide advantages to applications employing any
system, device, or structure wherein a fluid flow direction is
changed in a controllable manner between an inlet and an
outlet.
[0005] In one aspect, the invention provides a relief valve body
arranged for connecting to a pressure vessel. The relief valve body
includes an inlet configured to connect to a pressure vessel and an
integrated nozzle downstream from the inlet and extending along an
axis. The integrated nozzle includes a nozzle exterior surface, a
nozzle bulb, and a valve seat and defines a nozzle expansion
region. The relief valve body further includes a redirecting
pallet, a valve interior surface having at least one ramped portion
downstream from the integrated nozzle and redirecting pallet, and
an outlet downstream from the at least one ramped portion.
[0006] In another aspect, the invention provides a relief valve
body arranged between an inlet and an outlet. The relief valve body
includes an expanding nozzle extending along an axis, a first ramp
extending in an arcuate path from an apex to a first terminating
point, and a second ramp extending in an arcuate path from the apex
to a second terminal point. The first ramp and the second ramp
define an expanding flow area for a fluid flow between the inlet
and the outlet.
[0007] In another aspect, the invention provides a relief valve
body arranged for connecting to a pressure vessel. The relief valve
body includes an inlet for connecting to a pressure vessel and an
integrated nozzle downstream from the inlet and extending along an
axis. The integrated nozzle defines a nozzle expansion region and
includes a nozzle exterior surface, a nozzle bulb defining a
substantially protrudent shape that protrudes away from the axis,
and a valve seat. The relief valve body further includes a valve
interior surface having a first ramped portion, a second ramped
portion, a flat portion, and an arced portion. The first ramped
portion expands a fluid flow area by ramping from a ramp apex
around the integrated nozzle to the flat portion. The second ramped
portion expands the fluid flow area by ramping from the ramp apex
around the integrated nozzle to the flat portion on an opposite
side of the integrated nozzle from the first ramped portion. The
relief valve body further includes a redirecting pallet defining a
curved portion and a flat portion that cooperate to direct a fluid
flow towards the valve interior surface and an outlet downstream
from the first ramped portion and the second ramped portion.
[0008] In one aspect, the invention provides a relief valve body
arranged between an inlet and an outlet. The relief valve body
includes an expanding nozzle extending along an axis, a first ramp
extending in an arcuate path from an apex to a first terminal
point, and a second ramp extending in an arcuate path from the apex
to a second terminal point. The first ramp and the second ramp
define an expanding flow area for a fluid flow between the inlet
and the outlet.
[0009] In one aspect, the invention provides a relief valve body
arranged between an inlet and an outlet. The relief valve body
includes an expanding nozzle extending along an axis, and an
interior surface arranged downstream of the expanding nozzle and
having a first ramped portion and a second ramped portion. The
first and second ramped portions ramping from an apex toward the
outlet around opposing sides of the expanding nozzle. The relief
valve body further includes a redirecting pallet arranged
downstream of the expanding nozzle and configured to direct fluid
flow away from the axis and toward the interior surface.
[0010] In one aspect, the invention provides a relief valve body
arranged between an inlet and an outlet. The relief valve body
includes a nozzle extending along an axis and defining a nozzle
expansion region and a nozzle bulb arranged downstream of the
nozzle expansion region. The nozzle bulb protrudes away from the
axis. The relief valve body further includes an interior surface
arranged downstream of the nozzle and having a first ramped portion
and a second ramped portion. The first and second ramped portions
ramping from an apex toward the outlet around opposing sides of the
nozzle. A fluid flow area traversed by fluid flowing from the inlet
toward the outlet is initially expanded by the nozzle expansion
region and is subsequently expanded by the first and second ramped
portions.
[0011] The foregoing and other aspects and advantages of the
invention will appear from the following description. In the
description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which
form a part hereof, and in which there is shown by way of
illustration a preferred embodiment of the invention. Such
embodiment does not necessarily represent the full scope of the
invention however, and reference is made therefore to the claims
and herein for interpreting the scope of the invention.
BBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0012] The invention will be better understood and features,
aspects and advantages other than those set forth above will become
apparent when consideration is given to the following detailed
description thereof. Such detailed description makes reference to
the following drawings.
[0013] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a relief valve body
in accordance with the present invention.
[0014] FIG. 2 is a perspective, bottom view of the relief valve
body of FIG. 1.
[0015] FIG. 3 is a perspective, top view of the relief valve body
of FIG. 1 with a quarter cutout and the redirecting pallet
removed.
[0016] FIG. 4 is a perspective, bottom view of an example relief
valve with a quarter cutout.
[0017] While the invention is susceptible to various modifications
and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown
by way of example in the drawings and are herein described in
detail. It should be understood, however, that the description
herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the
invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary,
the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and
alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention
as defined by the appended claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0018] Before any embodiments of the invention are explained in
detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in
its application to the details of construction and the arrangement
of components set forth in the following description or illustrated
in the following drawings. The invention is capable of other
embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in
various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and
terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and
should not be regarded as limiting. The use of "including,"
"comprising," or "having" and variations thereof herein is meant to
encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as
well as additional items. Unless specified or limited otherwise,
the terms "mounted," "connected," "supported," and "coupled" and
variations thereof are used broadly and encompass both direct and
indirect mountings, connections, supports, and couplings. Further,
"connected" and "coupled" are not restricted to physical or
mechanical connections or couplings.
[0019] The following discussion is presented to enable a person
skilled in the art to make and use embodiments of the invention.
Various modifications to the illustrated embodiments will be
readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic
principles herein can be applied to other embodiments and
applications without departing from embodiments of the invention.
Thus, embodiments of the invention are not intended to be limited
to embodiments shown, but are to be accorded the widest scope
consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein. The
following detailed description is to be read with reference to the
figures, in which like elements in different figures have like
reference numerals. The figures, which are not necessarily to
scale, depict selected embodiments and are not intended to limit
the scope of embodiments of the invention. Skilled artisans will
recognize the examples provided herein have many useful
alternatives and fall within the scope of embodiments of the
invention.
[0020] The present invention introduces a relief valve body 100
designed for use in any applications employing systems or
components designed for maintaining fluid flows, such as, for
example, systems, vessels or tankers used for processing,
transporting or storing liquefied natural gas (LNG). Features of
the relief valve body 100 in accordance with the present invention
will be readily apparent and are generally indicated in FIGS.
1-4.
[0021] As shown in FIG. 1, the relief valve body 100 is configured
to controllably divert a fluid flow between an inlet 102 and an
outlet 104. The inlet 102 is arranged at an angle of approximately
90 degrees with respect to the outlet 104. In other embodiments,
the inlet 102 may be arranged at a different angle with respect to
the outlet 104, as desired. The inlet 102 and the outlet 104 of the
relief valve body 100 can be designed with capabilities and/or
components for coupling to a fluid-bearing vessel, device, or
system. In the illustrated embodiment, the inlet 102 includes an
inlet mounting feature 103 in the form of a flange and the outlet
104 includes an outlet mounting feature 105 in the form of a
flange. In other embodiments, the inlet mounting feature 103 and/or
the outlet mounting feature 105 may be in the form of a threaded
pipe fitting or be arranged differently, as desired.
[0022] The relief valve body 100 includes an integrated nozzle 106
downstream from the inlet 102 and extending along an axis 108, a
redirecting pallet 110, and a valve interior surface 111 arranged
downstream from the integrated nozzle 106 and the redirecting
pallet 110. The integrated nozzle 106 includes a nozzle exterior
surface 112, a nozzle bulb 114, and a valve seat 116 configured to
couple to a valve element (not shown) of a pressure relief valve
system. The integrated nozzle 106 defines a nozzle expansion region
117 generally bounded between plane A and plane B and indicated as
element 117. The nozzle expansion region can be shaped and
dimensioned to enable a controlled expansion of the fluid flow from
the inlet 102 and through the integrated nozzle 106 generally along
the axis 108. In the illustrated embodiment, the nozzle expansion
region 117 includes a tapered portion generally bounded between
plane B and plane C and indicated as element 118 that defines a
substantially frusto-conical, or sloped shape and a nozzle exit
portion 120, downstream from the tapered portion 118, generally
bounded between plane A and plane C and indicated by element
120.
[0023] The expansion of the fluid flow traversing the nozzle
expansion region 117 of the integrated nozzle 106 may be controlled
by an expansion ratio R.sub.exp defined by the tapered portion 118.
In the illustrated embodiment, the expansion ratio R.sub.exp of the
tapered portion 118 is approximately 1.8. In other embodiments, the
tapered portion 118 can define a different expansion ratio
R.sub.exp, as desired. For example, the expansion ratio R.sub.exp
may be between about 1.7 and 1.9, or in other embodiments, the
expansion ratio R.sub.exp may be between about 1.5 and 2.1. The
shape of the integrated nozzle 106 allows for better control of
expansion and a standing shock wave of a fluid. As such, the relief
valve body 100 may be suitable for high pressure flow
conditions.
[0024] The nozzle exterior surface 112 defines a generally
cylindrical shape and is configured to be downstream from the
nozzle bulb 114. The nozzle bulb 114 defines a substantially arced,
or protrudent shape that is configured to control a standing shock
wave of the fluid flow as the fluid flow is being directed towards
the valve interior surface 111. The protrudent shape of the nozzle
bulb 114 protrudes away from the axis 108.
[0025] With continued reference to FIG. 1, the redirecting pallet
110 is configured to receive the fluid flow generally directed
along the axis 108 from the inlet 102, and divert the fluid flow in
directions generally away from the axis 108 and towards the valve
interior surface 111. The redirecting pallet 110 can be designed to
be substantially circular, although other shapes are possible. The
redirecting pallet 110 defines a curved portion 121 and a flat
portion 122 that cooperate to direct the fluid flow and develop a
more laminar flow profile.
[0026] The shape of the redirecting pallet 110, the nozzle bulb
114, and the nozzle expansion region 117 are designed to cooperate
and allow for control of the fluid flow as it flows through and
away from the integrated nozzle 106. For example, for higher
pressure applications, the nozzle bulb 114 of the integrated nozzle
106 may be shaped to be more bulbous, or protrude further from the
axis 108 than shown in FIG. 1, which would allow for a standing
shock of the fluid flow to occur prior to entering the valve
interior surface 111. In contrast, for lower pressure applications,
the nozzle bulb 114 of the integrated nozzle 106 may be shaped to
be less bulbous, or protrude less from the axis 108 than shown in
FIG. 1, which may allow for a more free fluid expansion into the
valve interior surface 111.
[0027] With reference to FIGS. 1-3, the valve interior surface 111
includes a first ramped portion 124, a second ramped portion 126,
an arced portion 128, and a flat portion 130. The first ramped
portion 124 begins at a ramp apex 132 and expands a fluid flow area
for the fluid flow traveling along the first ramped portion 124 by
ramping towards the outlet 104 and around the integrated nozzle
106. The fluid flow area continues expanding until the first ramped
portion 124 engages the flat portion 130, as shown in FIG. 1 by the
dashed lines illustrating the first ramped portion 124 and the flat
portion 130. The second ramped portion 126 begins at the ramp apex
132 and expands a fluid flow area for the fluid flow traveling
along the second ramped portion 126 by ramping towards the outlet
104 and around the integrated nozzle 106, in an opposite direction
from the first ramped portion 124. The fluid flow area continues
expanding until the second ramped portion 126 engages the flat
portion 130. In the illustrated embodiment, the first ramped
portion 124 and the second ramped portion 126 engage the flat
portion 130 in a plane closer to the outlet 104 than the axis 108.
In other embodiments, the first ramped portion 124 and the second
ramped portion 126 may engage the flat portion 130 in a plane
substantially further away, substantially closer to the outlet 104
than the axis 108, or in a plane intersecting the axis 108.
[0028] The arced portion 128 defines a gradually decreasing flow
area for the fluid flow traveling towards the outlet 104 of the
valve body 100. The gradual decrease in fluid flow area provides a
reduced pressure drop between the inlet 102 and the outlet 104 of
the valve body 100.
[0029] The expanded flow area provided by the first ramped portion
124 and the second ramped portion 126 provide a reduction in a
velocity of the fluid flow traversing from the inlet 102 to the
outlet 104 of the relief valve body 100. This reduction in flow
velocity aids in reducing a pressure drop between the inlet 102 and
the 104. Additionally, the reduced velocity of the fluid flow
reduces the Reynolds number of the fluid flow and, therefore,
reduces the chance of fluid separation, or turbulence, occurring
downstream from the integrated nozzle 106. Thus, the first ramped
portion 124, the second ramped portion 126, the arced portion 128,
and the flat surface 130 enable a superior flow rate efficiency and
retain a total pressure of the fluid flow by minimizing a pressure
drop between the inlet 102 and the outlet 104 of the valve body
100.
[0030] FIG. 4 illustrates a use for the relief valve body 100
described above. The relief valve body 100 may be integrated into a
pilot operated relief valve 200, which as known in the art, is used
to provide gradual, proportional or pre-set pressure relief. The
pilot operated relief valve 200 shown in FIG. 4 includes pilot
valves 202, a guide 204, a guide pin 206, and a diaphragm 208
adjacent to the redirecting pallet 110. An upper blousing plate 210
and a lower blousing plate 212 are located adjacent to the
diaphragm 208. The pilot valves 202 are mounted on a cover 214 that
is coupled to the valve body 100 and encloses the valve interior
surface 111 and the diaphragm 208.
[0031] Although not shown, the pilot operated relief valve 200 also
includes a valve element removably coupled to the valve seat 116 of
the integrated nozzle 106. The valve element is typically formed
from a flexible material and can be attached to a bottom surface of
the redirecting pallet 110. The valve element may include a valve
element cover that can be formed from a polytetrafluoroethylene
(PTFE) material, which lays over the valve element, serving as a
protective layer.
[0032] Operation of the pilot operated relief valve 200 including
the relief valve body 100 will be described with reference to FIG.
4. The valve element (not shown for clarity in describing the
features of the relief valve body 100) is typically biased towards
a first position where fluid flow is prevented from the inlet 102
to the outlet 104 of the relief valve body 100. Once a
predetermined pressure is detected by the pilot valves 202, the
valve element is allowed to move from the first position to a
second position where fluid flow is allowed between the inlet 102
and the outlet 104 of the relief valve body 100. The fluid flow
traveling from the inlet 102 to the outlet 104 is first expanded in
the nozzle expansion region 117 downstream from the inlet 102. The
fluid flow then exits the integrated nozzle 106 through the nozzle
exit region 120 and is directed towards the valve interior surface
111 by the redirecting pallet 110. The first ramped portion 124 and
the second ramped portion 126 then expand the fluid flow and direct
the fluid flow towards the outlet 104 in an efficient manner.
[0033] The design of a relief valve body 100, in accordance with
the present invention, is focused on delivering superior flow rate
efficiency through the valve interior surface 111 of the valve body
100, for example, in the case of subsonic fluid flow. The expansion
characteristics of the fluid flow are tightly controlled through
geometrical configurations of the integrated nozzle 106 features,
the redirecting pallet 110 shape, and the design of the portions
124, 126, 128, and 130 of the interior valve surface 111. The
controlled expansion of a gas, for example, minimizes losses and
retains a total pressure as much as possible until the outlet 104
of the valve body 100.
[0034] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that
while the invention has been described above in connection with
particular embodiments and examples, the invention is not
necessarily so limited, and that numerous other embodiments,
examples, uses, modifications and departures from the embodiments,
examples and uses are intended to be encompassed by the claims
attached hereto. The entire disclosure of each patent and
publication cited herein is incorporated by reference, as if each
such patent or publication were individually incorporated by
reference herein.
* * * * *