U.S. patent application number 15/967671 was filed with the patent office on 2018-09-20 for aerosol hairspray product comprising a spraying device.
The applicant listed for this patent is The Procter & Gamble Company. Invention is credited to Willie Mercer BENSON, Jodi Lee BROWN, Jose Antonio CARBALLADA, Kendrick Jon HUGHES, Matt MARTIN.
Application Number | 20180263355 15/967671 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 48906121 |
Filed Date | 2018-09-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180263355 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
BROWN; Jodi Lee ; et
al. |
September 20, 2018 |
Aerosol Hairspray Product Comprising a Spraying Device
Abstract
The present invention relates to an aerosol hairspray product.
The product comprises: a pressurisable container comprising a
container wall which encloses a reservoir for storing a hairstyling
formulation and a liquefied gas propellant; and a spraying device
attached to the container for dispensing the hairstyling
formulation from the reservoir of the container. The spraying
device comprises a valve and a nozzle and the valve comprises a
valve body, a stem and a spring means. The valve body houses an
insert and the insert comprises an insert orifice and at least two
channels. The channels are tangentially disposed about the insert
orifice. Also the valve body comprises at least two vapour taps.
Furthermore the insert orifice is capable of being in liquid
communication with the hairstyling formulation in the
reservoir.
Inventors: |
BROWN; Jodi Lee;
(Cincinnati, OH) ; CARBALLADA; Jose Antonio;
(Cincinnati, OH) ; BENSON; Willie Mercer;
(Harrison, OH) ; MARTIN; Matt; (California,
KY) ; HUGHES; Kendrick Jon; (Cincinnati, OH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
The Procter & Gamble Company |
Cincinnati |
OH |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
48906121 |
Appl. No.: |
15/967671 |
Filed: |
May 1, 2018 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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14315950 |
Jun 26, 2014 |
9986809 |
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15967671 |
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61840719 |
Jun 28, 2013 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/8158 20130101;
A45D 19/02 20130101; A61K 8/046 20130101; A61K 8/87 20130101; A61Q
5/06 20130101; B65D 83/752 20130101; A61K 2800/87 20130101; A61K
2800/30 20130101; B65D 83/44 20130101; A61K 8/8152 20130101; B05B
7/0483 20130101; A61K 8/8147 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A45D 19/02 20060101
A45D019/02; B65D 83/14 20060101 B65D083/14; B05B 7/04 20060101
B05B007/04; A61K 8/87 20060101 A61K008/87; A61Q 5/06 20060101
A61Q005/06; A61K 8/81 20060101 A61K008/81; A61K 8/04 20060101
A61K008/04; B65D 83/44 20060101 B65D083/44 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jul 30, 2013 |
EP |
13178461.3 |
Claims
1. A method of styling hair comprising: a. providing an aerosol
hairspray product comprising a pressurisable container comprising:
i. a container wall which encloses a reservoir for storing a
liquefied gas propellant and a hairstyling formulation; ii. a
spraying device attached to the container for dispensing the
hairstyling formulation from the reservoir of the container,
wherein the spraying device comprises a valve and a nozzle; wherein
the liquefied gas propellant wherein the propellant comprises from
about 35% to about 50% dimethylether, by total weight of the
hairstyling formulation and propellant; wherein the hairstyling
formulation comprises: from about 41% to about 60% water, by total
weight of the hairstyling formulation and propellant; from about
5.0% to about 15% hairstyling polymer by total weight of the
hairstyling formulation and propellant, wherein the hairstyling
polymer is water-soluble; wherein the hairstyling formulation is
free of ethanol, isopropanol, and propanol; wherein the hairstyling
formulation without propellant has a viscosity of from about 0.5
cSt to about 6 cSt, wherein the viscosity is measured at 20.degree.
C.+/-0.1.degree. C.; b. causing the product to spray at a delivery
rate, wherein the delivery rate is from about 0.25 g/sec to about
0.45 g/sec; wherein an ejected composition is sprayed and comprises
particles having an average particle size distribution (Dv50) from
about 40 microns to about 100 microns.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hairstyling
formulation is free of alcohol.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure inside the
container is from about 3 bar to about 5 bar, at 20.degree. C.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the pressure inside the
container is from about from 4 bar to 5 bar, at 20.degree. C.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hairstyling
formulation further comprises a surfactant.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hairstyling
formulation comprises a panthenol compound and/or a silicone
compound.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hairstyling
formulation comprises from about 5.5% to about 8% hairstyling
polymer.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hairstyling polymer
is an anionic polymer.
9. The method according to any claim 1, wherein the hairstyling
polymer is a non-ionic polymer.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hairstyling
polymer is a cationic polymer.
11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hairstyling
polymer is an amphoteric polymer.
12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hairstyling
polymer is an anionic hairstyling polymer, and wherein the anionic
hairstyling polymer is selected from: copolymers derived from
acrylic acid such as the acrylic
acid/ethylacrylate/N-tert-butylacrylamide terpolymers;
Octylacrylamide/Acrylates/Butylaminoethyl/Methacrylate Copolymers;
methacrylic acid/ester acrylate/ester methacrylates;
Octylacrylamide/Acrylates/Butylaminoethyl Methacrylate Copolymer;
methacrylic acid/hydroxyethylmethacrylate/various acrylate esters;
acrylates/hydroxyethylmethacrylate; methacrylic
acid/hydroxyethylmethacrylate/various acrylate esters; n-butyl
methacrylate/methacrylic acid/ethyl acrylate copolymers; copolymers
derived from crotonic acid, such as vinyl acetate/vinyl
tertbutylbenzoate/crotonic acid terpolymers; and the crotonic
acid/vinyl acetate/vinyl neododecanoate terpolymers; and mixtures
thereof.
13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hairstyling
polymer is selected from the group consisting of: acrylates
copolymers of two or more monomers of (meth)acrylic acid or one of
their simple esters; octylacrylamide/acrylate/butylaminoethyl
methacrylate copolymers; acrylates/hydroxyesters acrylates
copolymers of butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, methacrylic
acid, ethyl acrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate;
polyurethane-14/AMP-acrylates copolymer blend; and mixtures
thereof.
14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the particles have an
average particle size distribution (Dv50) of from about 45 microns
to about 100 microns.
15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the particles have an
average particle size distribution (Dv50) of from about 50 microns
to about 90 microns.
16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the delivery rate is
from about 0.33 g/sec to about 0.45 g/sec.
17. A method of styling hair comprising: a. providing an aerosol
hairspray product comprising a pressurisable container comprising:
i. a container wall which encloses a reservoir for storing a
liquefied gas propellant and a hairstyling composition; ii. a
spraying device attached to the container for dispensing the
hairstyling formulation from the reservoir of the container,
wherein the spraying device comprises a valve and a nozzle; wherein
the gas propellant comprises from about 40% to about 45%
dimethylether, by total weight of the hairstyling formulation and
propellant, and a hairstyling formulation comprising: wherein the
hairstyling formulation comprises: from about 41% to about 60%
water, by total weight of the hairstyling formulation and
propellant; from about 5.5% to about 8% hairstyling polymer by
total weight of the hairstyling formulation and propellant, wherein
the hairstyling polymer is water-soluble and wherein the
hairstyling polymer is an acrylate copolymer; wherein the
hairstyling formulation is free of alcohol; wherein the hairstyling
formulation without propellant has a viscosity of from about 0.5
cSt to about 6 cSt, wherein the viscosity is measured at 20.degree.
C.+/-0.1.degree. C.; b. causing the product to spray at a delivery
rate, wherein the delivery rate is from about 0.3 g/sec to about
0.45 g/sec; and wherein an ejected composition is sprayed and
comprises particles having an average particle size distribution
(Dv50) from about 50 microns to about 90 microns.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] An aerosol hairspray product wherein the product comprises:
a pressurisable container 118 comprising a container wall 201 which
encloses a reservoir 204 for storing a hairstyling formulation and
a liquefied gas propellant; and a spraying device attached to the
container 118 for dispensing the hairstyling formulation from the
reservoir 204 of the container 118, wherein the spraying device
comprises a valve 205 and a nozzle, wherein the valve comprises a
valve body 113, a stem 107 and a spring means 108, and wherein the
valve body 113 houses an insert 109, and wherein the insert
comprises an insert orifice 109a and at least two channels 110a,
110b, wherein the channels 110a, 110b are tangentially disposed
about the insert orifice 109a, and wherein the valve body 113
comprises at least two vapour taps 211a, 211b, and wherein the
insert orifice 109a is capable of being in liquid communication
with the hairstyling formulation in the reservoir 204.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Hairstyling products such as hairsprays are used for
achieving different hairstyles and for holding hair strands in
place for a period of time. Typically, hairsprays comprise
film-forming polymers, which when applied to keratin-containing
fibres, such as human hair, form fibre-fibre welds. These welds
`glue` the fibres together and hence impart hold to the
hairstyle.
[0003] Aerosol hairspray products usually comprise a
pressure-resistant container, a nozzle, a propellant, and a
hairstyling formulation. A hairspray composition is normally
ejected from such products via aerosol-forming nozzle. See, for
example, US2009/0104138A1. Alcohols are normally used in the
hairstyling formulation, for example to reduce surface tension.
However, a high proportion of alcohol may leave the hair feeling
dry and brittle and some alcohols may cause an allergic response in
some users. In addition ethanol is a VOC, volatile organic
compound, which can accumulate in the environment and cause
environmental concerns. Also, ethanol is flammable.
[0004] Shernov et al in U.S. Pat. No. 5,304,368A ("Shernov",
hereinafter) relates to a non-foaming, non-viscous, alcohol-free,
water-based pressurized hair-fixative spray product for use as the
total fill in an aerosol container by delivery from an
actuated-valve of predetermined dimensions, particularly the vapor
tap and stem orifice sizes. Birkel et al in US2013/0068849A1
("Birkel", hereinafter) relates to an aerosol hairspray product for
styling and/or shaping hair wherein the product comprises: a
container; a spraying device; a propellant; a hairstyling
formulation comprising: (a) at least about 50% water; and (b) from
about 0.01% to about 20% of a hairstyling polymer, wherein the
hairstyling polymer is selected from the group consisting of:
acrylates copolymers of two or more monomers of (meth)acrylic acid
or one of their simple esters; acrylateslhydroxyesters acrylates
copolymers of butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, methacrylic
acid, ethyl acrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate;
polyurethane-14/AMP-acrylates polymer blend; and mixtures thereof.
Harman in US2009/0124961A1 ("Harman", hereinafter) relates to a
steam-sterilizable aerosol valve [that] has a valve body of
polymeric material such as polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) having an
HDT (heat deflection temperature) at 1.8 MPa stress in the range of
200-275.degree. C.
[0005] There is a constant need, therefore, for more
environmentally friendly, more sustainable, less harsh and more
affordable hairspray products. However, altering one or more
features of an aerosol hairspray product can be challenging since
the interrelationship therebetween affects the product performance.
For example, utilising a different propellant may result in an
unacceptable decrease in package operating pressure resulting in an
increased product wetness on application, drying time and particle
size distribution and consequently unsatisfactory hold.
[0006] When considering the aforementioned needs when designing
such improved hairsprays, therefore, good hairspray performance
should be maintained. Performance benefits may include, for
example: excellent hold; long-lasting hold; good humidity
resistance; shapeable hold; acceptable drying time; excellent soft,
natural hair feel; acceptable and/or non-stickiness/tackiness of
the hands and hair. Of particular relevance to consumers is
excellent hold without stickiness and an acceptable drying
time.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] According to a first aspect, the present invention relates
to an aerosol hairspray product wherein the product comprises:
[0008] i. a pressurisable container 118 comprising a container wall
201 which encloses a reservoir 204 for storing a hairstyling
formulation and a liquefied gas propellant; [0009] ii. the
hairstyling formulation comprising: [0010] (a) from about 30% to
about 60% water, by total weight of the hairstyling formulation and
propellant; and [0011] (b) from about 5.0% to about 15% hairstyling
polymer by total weight of the hairstyling formulation and
propellant, wherein the hairstyling polymer is water-soluble; and
[0012] (c) less than about 2% alcohol, by total weight of the
hairstyling formulation and propellant, preferably substantially
free of alcohol; [0013] iii. a spraying device attached to the
container 118 for dispensing the hairstyling formulation from the
reservoir 204 of the container 118, wherein the spraying device
comprises a valve 205 and a nozzle, wherein the valve comprises a
valve body 113, a stem 107 and a spring means 108, and wherein the
valve body 113 houses an insert 109, and wherein the insert
comprises an insert orifice 109a and at least two channels 110a,
110b, wherein the channels 110a, 110b are tangentially disposed
about the insert orifice 109a, and wherein the valve body 113
comprises at least two vapour taps 211a, 211b, and wherein the
insert orifice 109a is capable of being in liquid communication
with the hairstyling formulation in the reservoir 204.
[0014] According to a second aspect, the present invention relates
to use the of the product according to the first aspect for styling
hair.
[0015] According to a third aspect, the present invention relates
to a method of styling hair comprising: [0016] i. providing the
product according to the first aspect; and [0017] ii. causing the
product to spray at a delivery rate, wherein the delivery rate is
from about 0.25 g/sec to about 0.45 g/sec; and wherein an ejected
composition is sprayed, wherein the ejected composition comprises
particles having an average particle size distribution (Dv50) of at
least about 35 micron.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
TABLE-US-00001 [0018] List of reference signs 101. pedestal of
mounting cup 102. mounting cup 103. cup gasket 104. stem gasket
105. stem orifice 106. seat for the stem gasket 107. stem (stem
valve) 108. spring means 109. insert 109a. insert orifice 110a,
110b. channels 110. bottom of the insert 111. valve housing ridge
112. castellation area 113. valve body 113a. vapour housing hole
114. external slots 115. valve tailpiece 116. dip tube 118.
container 204. reservoir 205. valve 207. housing 211a, 211b. vapour
taps (gas receiving holes)
[0019] FIG. 1: shows an exploded diagram of an aerosol valve in
situ.
[0020] FIG. 2A: shows the underside of insert such that the
channels can be clearly seen;
[0021] FIB 2B: shows two inserts are depicted side-by-side;
[0022] FIG. 3: shows the valve clinched on to the container.
[0023] FIG. 4: is an analysis of Shernov and shows the relationship
of pressure (axis Y, in psig) versus percentage of can contents
remaining (axis X, %). Five different graphs are shown: 1-4 and 5.
In can 1, the product contains 34% DME (propellant) and 7.2%
hairstyling formulation. In can 2, the product contains 40% DME and
7.2% hairstyling formulation. In can 3, the product contains 34%
DME (propellant) and 6.15% hairstyling formulation. In can 4, the
product contains 40% DME (propellant) and 6.15% hairstyling
formulation. Can 5 is a graph created according to the Table at the
foot of column 5 as disclosed in Shernov.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Definitions and General
[0024] In all embodiments of the present invention, all percentages
are by weight of the total composition (or formulation), unless
specifically stated otherwise. All ratios are weight ratios, unless
specifically stated otherwise. All ranges are inclusive and
combinable. The number of significant digits conveys neither a
limitation on the indicated amounts nor on the accuracy of the
measurements. All numerical amounts are understood to be modified
by the word "about" unless otherwise specifically indicated. Unless
otherwise indicated, all measurements are understood to be made at
25.degree. C. and at ambient conditions, where "ambient conditions"
means conditions under about 1 atmosphere of pressure and at about
50% relative humidity. All such weights as they pertain to listed
ingredients are based on the active level and do not include
carriers or by-products that may be included in commercially
available materials, unless otherwise specified. The unit "g" means
grams. The unit "micron" means micrometre. "QS" or "QSP" means
sufficient quantity for 100%. +/- indicates the standard deviation.
0.01 inch=0.254 mm and 1 mm=0.039 inch (in case of contradiction,
the measurement in inches is decisive).
[0025] Herein, "comprising" means that other steps and other
ingredients which do not affect the end result can be added. This
term encompasses the terms "consisting of" and "consisting
essentially of". The compositions, methods, uses, kits, and
processes of the present invention can comprise, consist of, and
consist essentially of the elements and limitations of the
invention described herein, as well as any of the additional or
optional ingredients, components, steps, or limitations described
herein.
[0026] Where amount ranges are given, these normally relate to the
total amount of the (class of) compound(s) specified. For example,
"the composition comprises from about 0.1% to about 20% of
ethylenic monomer" means that the total amount of ethylenic monomer
(including mixtures of different such monomers) in the composition
must be within the specified range.
[0027] The term "substantially free from" or "substantially free
of" as used herein means less than about 1%, less than about 0.8%,
less than about 0.5%, less than about 0.3%, or about 0%, by total
weight of the composition or formulation.
[0028] "Hair," as used herein, means mammalian hair including scalp
hair, facial hair and body hair, more preferably hair on the human
head and scalp. "Hair shaft" means an individual hair strand and
may be used interchangeably with the term "hair."
[0029] "Cosmetically acceptable," as used herein, means that the
compositions, formulations or components described are suitable for
use in contact with human keratinous tissue without undue toxicity,
incompatibility, instability, allergic response, and the like. All
compositions and formulations described herein which have the
purpose of being directly applied to keratinous tissue are limited
to those being cosmetically acceptable.
[0030] "Derivatives," as used herein, includes but is not limited
to, amide, ether, ester, amino, carboxyl, acetyl, acid, salt and/or
alcohol derivatives of a given compound.
[0031] "Monomer," as used herein, means a discrete, non-polymerised
chemical moiety capable of undergoing polymerisation in the
presence of an initiator. "Ethylenic monomer," as used herein,
means a chemical species that contains an olefinic carbon-carbon
double bond (C.dbd.C) and is capable of undergoing polymerization
in the presence of an initiator.
[0032] "Polymer," as used herein, means a chemical formed from the
polymerisation of two or more monomers. The term "polymer" as used
herein shall include all materials made by the polymerisation of
monomers as well as natural polymers. Polymers made from only one
type of monomer are called homopolymers. A polymer comprises at
least two monomers. Polymers made from two or more different types
of monomers are called copolymers. The distribution of the
different monomers can be calculated statistically or
block-wise--both possibilities are suitable for the present
invention. Except if stated otherwise, the term "polymer" used
herein includes any type of polymer including homopolymers and
copolymers.
[0033] The term "water-soluble" as used herein refers to any
material that is sufficiently soluble in water to form a
single-phase solution to the naked eye at a concentration of 0.1%
by weight of the material in water at 25.degree. C. It may be
necessary to adjust the pH of the mixture or fully neutralize the
mixture after addition of the material to water to achieve the
water solubility. These methods are well-known, for example, in the
water-soluble hairstyling polymer applications industry and are
typically instructed with the supplied material sample.
Water-solubility is typically measured by the following protocol:
0.1% by weight of the material is added to distilled water at
25.degree. C. and the pH adjusted/neutraliser added as needed. This
is stirred vigorously on a magnetic stirrer set at 600 rpm, for 30
minutes. The solution is then allowed to settle for 1 hour and the
number of phases observed by the naked eye. For example, where any
solid material can be seen in an otherwise single-phase solution,
then this is considered to be two phases.
[0034] The term "water-insoluble" as used herein refers to any
material that is not "water-soluble".
[0035] The term "molecular weight" or "M.Wt." as used herein refers
to the number average molecular weight unless otherwise stated.
[0036] "Kit," as used herein, means a packaging unit comprising a
plurality of components i.e. a kit of parts. An example of a kit
is, for example, a first composition and a separately packaged
second composition. Another kit may comprise application
instructions comprising a method and a composition/formulation.
[0037] Embodiments and aspects described herein may comprise or be
combinable with elements or components of other embodiments and/or
aspects despite not being expressly exemplified in combination,
unless otherwise stated or an incompatibility is stated.
Explanation of the Invention
[0038] Hairspray consumers and professional stylists have only
alcohol-based hairsprays available to them that have acceptable
performance. The benefits of very low alcohol or alcohol-free
hairsprays, as provided by the present invention, include purer
fragrance (in view of the absence of an alcohol smell), less
observed hair dryness and reduced brittleness effects to the hair.
Moreover, such hairsprays are safer, more environmentally friendly,
and healthier to use. The inventors have tailored the hairspray of
the present invention such that these new benefits do not provide
any drawbacks versus the key benefits of a hairspray expected by
the consumer and stylist, which include initial and long-lasting
hold, non-sticky and natural hair look and feel, and maintenance of
the desired initial hairstyle without overwetting the hair with the
ejected composition and causing it to be weighed down. It is
difficult to balance over-wetting from the hairspray application
with applying enough hairstyling (i.e. film-forming) polymer, which
is the styling active to provide initial and long-lasting hold.
This is a significantly lesser problem with alcohol-based
hairsprays as the alcohol evaporates quickly in air. Therefore, for
very low alcohol or alcohol-free hairspray development it is a
unique combination of formulation and spray properties that can
achieve this balance.
[0039] In order to provide similar hold levels as compared to the
alcohol-based hairsprays consumers and stylists are used to, the
inventors have surprisingly found that it is key to deliver the
same range of hairstyling polymer amount onto the hair as
alcohol-based hairsprays, and at the same time deliver less total
ejected composition to the hair to avoid over-wetting or having
unacceptably long drying times because of the presence of high
levels of water instead of volatile alcohol in the hairstyling
formulation. This problem is new in the field of hairsprays since
alcohol-free hairsprays are rare, especially those with proven and
reliable performance, particularly over can lifetime. The inventors
have found that overall weight of water delivered to the hair is
key to the hairspray performance. Too much water causes
unacceptably slow dry times and over-wetting which can disrupt the
internal ionic interactions of the hair allowing the hair to relax
and lose the desired style. Typical alcohol-based hairsprays
deliver anywhere between 3% and 40% water as a percentage by weight
of the total amount of composition ejected. The hairsprays of this
invention being very low alcohol or alcohol-free may deliver circa
between 30% to 60% water of the total amount of composition
ejected, therefore the total water amount delivered to the hair
must be managed by the lower spray rate specified herein. The
inventors have found that excellent performance can be achieved for
a water-based hairspray by optimizing the hairstyling polymer level
in the hairstyling formulation and the viscosity of the hairstyling
formulation to achieve certain spray properties--particularly
delivery rate and particle size distribution. The research program
of the inventors delimited an area within which water-based
hairsprays should fall in order to achieve excellent performance
that is accepted by the consumer and stylist.
[0040] It is unnecessary in the alcohol-based hairspray world to go
up to high polymer levels in the finished product to deliver hold
because a high amount of polymer can be delivered to hair by
increasing the delivery rate without adversely over-wetting hair.
Indeed, there is a bias in the literature that excellent hold can
only be achieved in the context of an alcohol-based solvent. Thus,
the invention disclosed herein is a complex balance since the
literature on alcohol-based hairsprays cannot be re-applied to
water-based hairsprays. In the hairspray formulations of this
invention, the same levels of hold-providing i.e. hairstyling
polymer(s) are delivered to the hair with the present invention's
delivery rate and particle size distribution that maintains the
expected initial hold, dry time and hair feel as a traditional
alcohol-based hairspray via the specific combination of the formula
polymer level delivered through particular spray properties that
delivers less overall amount of spray (especially the water
solvent) to the hair, thus still maintaining a similar economic
value to the consumer.
[0041] The details of the features and preferred features of the
invention are described hereinafter. The below descriptions apply
to and are suitable for the first and other aspects of the
invention mutatis mutandis.
Product
[0042] According to the first aspect, the invention relates to an
aerosol hairspray product. The product relates to an aerosol
hairspray product comprising: a container comprising a reservoir
for a hairstyling formulation and a liquefied gas propellant, and a
spraying device attached to the container. In at least one
embodiment, the product comprises from about 50% to about 65%
hairstyling formulation, or from about 55% to about 60% hairstyling
formulation, by total weight of the hairstyling formulation and
propellant. In at least one embodiment, the product comprises from
about 35% to about 50% propellant, or from about 40% to about 45%
propellant, by total weight of the hairstyling formulation and
propellant. As used herein, albeit unless otherwise stated, details
of the hairstyling formulation refers to the formulation before it
is placed into the container whereupon it will mix to an extent
with the propellant since the propellant is a liquefied gas
propellant. The same is true where details of the propellant are
mentioned, unless otherwise stated.
[0043] The product is an aerosol hairspray product and thus does
not include mousse products or any pump spray products.
[0044] In at least one embodiment, the aerosol hairspray product is
for spraying an ejected composition wherein the ejected composition
consists of particles having an average particle size distribution
(Dv50) of from 40 micron to 100 micron, or from about 60 micron to
about 90 micron. In at least one embodiment, the aerosol hairspray
product is for spraying at a delivery rate, wherein the delivery
rate is from about 0.25 g/sec, or from about 28 g/sec to about 0.45
g/sec.
Hairstyling Formulation
[0045] The product comprises a hairstyling formulation. The
hairstyling formulation comprises less than about 2% alcohol, by
total weight of the hairstyling formulation and propellant, or is
substantially free of alcohol. In at least one embodiment, the
hairstyling formulation is substantially free of ethanol,
isopropanol and propanol. In at least one embodiment, the
hairstyling formulation comprises about 1.8% or less, or about 1.5%
or less, or about 1% or less, alcohol by total weight of the
hairstyling formulation and propellant. In at least one embodiment,
hairstyling formulation comprises about 1.8% or less, or about 1.5%
or less, or about 1% or less, aliphatic alcohol by total weight of
the hairstyling formulation and propellant. "Aliphatic alcohol" as
used herein means an alcohol comprising no aromatic group. The
amount of alcohol is important because anything above very low
levels of alcohol may leave the hair feeling dry and brittle and
some alcohols may cause an allergic response in some users. In
addition, aerosol products containing ethanol can have
environmental concerns: ethanol, for example, is a VOC. Also
alcohols can have safety concerns: ethanol, for example, is
flammable.
Viscosity
[0046] In at least one embodiment, the hairstyling formulation
without propellant has a kinematic viscosity of about 6 cSt or
less, wherein the viscosity is measured at 20.degree.
C.+/-0.1.degree. C. The kinematic viscosity can be important
because when the hairstyling formulation is too viscous then the
hairstyling formulation is too thick and cannot be sprayed and/or
is clogging--non-homogeneous ejected composition results e.g.
irregular spray beam, "spitting" rather than spraying, and/or
ejection of lumps. Kinematic viscosity is measured by Ubbelohde
tube. Kinematic viscosity is a measure of the resistance to flow of
a fluid, equal to its absolute viscosity divided by its density.
The SI unit of kinematic viscosity is m.sup.2s.sup.-1. The cgs
(centimeters/grams/seconds) physical unit for kinematic viscosity
is the stokes (St), which can be expressed in terms of centistokes
(cSt). 1 cSt=1 mm.sup.2s.sup.-1=10.sup.-6 m.sup.2s.sup.-1. Water at
20.degree. C. has a kinematic viscosity of about 1 cSt. A Ubbelohde
tube is a viscometer for measurement of kinematic viscosity of
transparent Newtonian liquids by suspended level principle as
described in ASTM D 445 and D 446, and ISO 3104 and 3105. For the
Ubbelohde tube measure, there is no temperature effect on results,
for other kinematic viscometers, temperatures different from
specified test range can affect result. Herein, measurements were
taken at a temperature of 20.degree. C.+/-0.1.degree. C. This
method can be used to measure from about 0.6 cSt to 100 cSt. For
instructions for the use of the Ubbelohde viscometer see ASTM D
445. Use Ubbelohde tube size 0C for viscosities from 0.6 to 3 cSt
at 20.degree. C.+/-0.1.degree. C. Use Ubbelohde tube size 1 for
viscosities from 2 to 10 cSt at 20.degree. C.+/-0.1.degree. C. ASTM
D445 is the "Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of
Transparent and Opaque Liquids". ASTM D446 is "Specifications and
Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic
Viscometers".
[0047] In at least one embodiment, the kinematic viscosity of the
hairstyling formulation without propellant is from about 0.5 cSt,
or from about 1 cSt, or from about 1.25 cSt, or from about 1.5 cSt,
or from about 1.75 cSt, or from about 1.8 cSt to about 5.5 cSt, to
about 5 cSt, or to about 4.5 cSt, or to about 4 cSt, or to about
3.5 cSt, or to about 3 cSt, or to about 2.5 cSt, or to about 2.3
cSt, or to about 2.2 cSt, or to about 2.1 cSt, or to about 2.0
cSt.
Delivery Rate
[0048] In at least one embodiment, the delivery rate is 0.25 g/sec
to about 0.45 g/sec. The delivery rate of the aerosol hairspray
product herein is determined following ASTM D 3069-94, "Standard
Test Method for Delivery Rate of Aerosol Products." In this test,
the delivery rate of the product is determined by measuring the
mass lost in a given time period. This correlates with the quantity
of material expelled though the valve and actuator combination in a
given time period. In this case, the can is tested at room
temperature (at 21.degree. C.) and a duration of 2 sec to 10 sec
for the actuation time. The delivery rate is then determined by the
equation:
Delivery Rate (g/sec)=Mass loss (g)/Actuation time (sec)
[0049] If the delivery rate is greater than about 0.45 g/sec, then
the on-hair drying time will be too long for consumer satisfaction.
This is unique for the water-based hairsprays of this invention as
compared to traditional alcohol-based hairsprays, typically
traditional hairsprays containing volatile alcohol have delivery
rates between about 0.55 g/sec to 0.85 g/sec. Delivery rate can
typically be adjusted by altering the pressure inside the container
(increased pressure correlates with faster delivery rate) and/or
the orifices in the spraying device, such as the orifices in the
nozzle, orifices in the valve, and the inner diameter of the
diptube. Typically lower diameter correlates with slower delivery
rate. In addition, the amount of ejected composition delivered to
the hair can also be adjusted by varying the hairstyling
formulation to propellant ratio. Increasing the amount of
propellant versus hairstyling formulation will result in a spray
that has a higher propellant delivery rate and lower product spray
rate because the propellant has a lower density than the
formulation. In at least one embodiment, the delivery rate is from
about 0.26 g/sec, or from about 0.27 g/sec, or from about 0.28
g/sec, or from about 0.29 g/sec, or from about 0.30 g/sec, or from
about 0.31 g/sec, or from about 0.32 g/sec, or from about 0.33
g/sec, or from about 0.34 g/sec, or from about 0.35 g/sec, or from
about 0.36 g/sec, or from about 0.37 g/sec, or from about 0.38
g/sec, or from about 0.39 g/sec, or from about 0.40 g/sec to about
0.44 g/sec, or to about 0.43 g/sec, to about 0.42 g/sec, to about
0.41 g/sec, or to about 0.40 g/sec, or to about 0.39 g/sec, or to
about 0.38 g/sec.
Particle Size Distribution
[0050] In at least one embodiment, an ejected composition is
sprayed. The ejected composition comprises/consists of particles
having an average particle size distribution (Dv50) of at least
about 35 micron. The particles are droplets comprising the
hairstyling formulation. The average particle size distribution
(Dv50) is important in view of ejected composition drying time,
which must be consumer acceptable. Indeed, a smaller average
particle size distribution (Dv50) is useful in that more particles
have a higher surface area to volume ratio, which means a faster
drying time. On the other hand, a too low average particle size
distribution (Dv50) means that not enough hairstyling polymer is
provided to the hair to provide spot welds. A Malvern Spraytec
instrument is used to measure the particle size distribution. The
Dv50 is the term to describe the maximum particle size diameter
below which 50% of the sample volume possesses, also known as the
median particle size by volume. The Malvern Spraytec instrument
uses the technique of laser diffraction for measurement of the size
of the spray particles. The intensity of light scattered as a laser
beam passes through a spray is measured. This data is then analysed
to calculate the size of the particles that created the scattering
pattern. A Malvern Spraytec 2000 is used according to the
manufacturer's instructions. Test samples have a temperature
between 20.degree. C. to 22.degree. C.
[0051] In at least one embodiment, the ejected composition
comprises/consists of particles having an average particle size
distribution (Dv50) of from about 35 micron, or from about 40
micron, or from about 45 micron, or from about 50 micron, or from
about 55 micron, or from about 60 micron, to about 140 micron, or
to about 120 micron, or to about 110 micron, or to about 100
micron, or to about 90 micron, or to about 85 micron, or to about
80 micron, or to about 75 micron, or to about 70 micron, or about
to 65 micron.
Water
[0052] The hairstyling formulation comprises from about 30% to
about 60% water, by total weight of the hairstyling formulation and
propellant. The water is important since it provides a solvent for
the hairstyling polymer and other ingredients in the hairstyling
formulation. Water has the advantage that it is readily available,
highly affordable, sustainable and environmentally friendly. For
example, water is not a VOC. Furthermore, many useful ingredients
for the hairstyling formulation dissolve in water i.e. are water
soluble, which is another advantage. In at least one embodiment,
the hairstyling formulation comprises from about 33%, or from about
34%, or from about 35%, or from about 36%, or from about 37%, or
from about 36%, or from about 38%, or from about 39%, or from about
40%, or from about 41%, or from about 42%, or from about 43%, or
from about 44%, or from about 45% to about 58% water, or to about
57%, or to about 56%, or to about 55%, or to about 54%, or to about
53%, or to about 52%, or to about 51%, or to about 50%, or to about
49%, or to about 48% water, by total weight of the hairstyling
formulation and propellant.
Hairstyling Polymer
[0053] The hairstyling formulation comprises from about 5.0% to
about 15% hairstyling polymer, by total weight of the hairstyling
formulation and propellant. The amount of hairstyling polymer is
important in balancing hold performance and on-hair wetness. The
amount of hairstyling polymer drives the hold performance, but is
limited by a maximum sprayable viscosity. In at least one
embodiment, hairstyling formulation comprises from about 5.5%, or
from about 6%, or from about 7%, or from about 8%, or from about 9%
to about 14%, or to about 13%, or to about 12%, or to about 11%, or
to about 10% hairstyling polymer, by total weight of the
hairstyling formulation and propellant. These amounts may be the
total amount of hairstyling polymer in the hairstyling
formulation.
[0054] The preferred hairstyling polymer or mixture of hairstyling
polymers are water-soluble hairstyling polymers that provide a
viscosity of about 6 cSt or less as measured before the addition of
propellant. This water-based hairstyling formulation of hairstyling
polymer(s) is then pressurized in a container with a liquefied gas
propellant. When the pressure is released, the liquid boils
carrying with it the water and hairstyling polymer(s) plus any
optional ingredients. Therefore a homogeneous mixture of the
hairspray formulation and the liquefied gas propellant in the
pressurized can is highly desired for a homogeneous ejected
composition to be delivered to the hair when the product is
sprayed. Homogeneity can happen immediately or over a period of
time after the can is pressurized. This can also be achieved by
shaking the can prior to spraying the product. For example, it is
common in other aerosol products (such as mousses) for the
propellant to be insoluble with the rest of the formulation in the
can. The preferred hairstyling polymers and or mixture of
hairstyling polymers of this invention are selected based on their
ability to form a homogenous mixture when mixed with water and
liquefied gas propellant in the pressurized can.
[0055] In at least one embodiment, the hairstyling polymer is
selected from hairstyling polymers forming a homogeneous mixture
with water and liquefied gas propellant. In at least one
embodiment, the hairstyling polymer is selected from hairstyling
polymers forming a homogeneous mixture with water and dimethyl
ether. By "homogeneous mixture" herein means a mixture having a
single phase, therefore components of the homogeneous mixture have
the same proportions throughout the mixture.
[0056] The hairstyling polymer according to the present invention
may be any water-soluble film-forming polymer or mixture of such
polymers. This includes homopolymers or copolymers of natural or
synthetic origin having functionality rendering the polymers
water-soluble such as hydroxyl, amine, amide or carboxyl
groups.
[0057] In at least one embodiment, the water-soluble hairstyling
polymers when diluted in water at the range claimed, form
transparent or semi-transparent stable solutions. Depending on the
specific polymer type, it may be necessary to adjust the pH of the
formulation or to neutralize the formulation after addition of the
polymer to water to achieve water solubility. These methods are
well-known in the water soluble polymer applications industry and
are typically instructed with the supplied polymer sample. The
hairstyling polymer may be classified into two types, (totally)
synthetic polymers and natural products together with their
chemically modified derivatives and further can be grouped into
three main headings; naturally occurring, semi-synthetic and
completely synthetic polymers. In at least one embodiment, the
hairstyling polymer is selected from the group consisting of:
cationic hairstyling polymers, anionic hairstyling polymers,
nonionic hairstyling polymers, and amphoteric hairstyling polymers.
The molecular weight of the hairstyling polymers should be such
that the hairstyling formulation without propellant meets the
viscosity requirement range specified. In at least one embodiment,
the hairstyling polymers are linear or branched.
[0058] In at least one embodiment, the hairstyling polymer is a
cationic hairstyling polymer or a mixture of cationic hairstyling
polymers. In at least one embodiment, the cationic hairstyling
polymer is selected from the group consisting of: quaternized
acrylates or methacrylates; quaternary homopolymers or copolymers
of vinylimidazole; homopolymers or copolymers comprising a
quaternary dimethdiallyl ammonium chloride; non-cellulosic cationic
polysaccharides; cationic cellulose derivatives; chitosans and
derivatives thereof; and mixtures thereof.
[0059] In at least one embodiment, the cationic hairstyling polymer
is selected from quaternized acrylates or methacrylates. In at
least one embodiment, the cationic hairstyling polymer is a
copolymer comprising: a) at least one of: quaternized
dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamides (e.g. Quaternized dimethyl amino
propyl methacrylamide); or quaternized dialkylaminoalkyl acrylates
(e.g. quaternized dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) and b) one or
more monomers selected from the group consisting of: vinyllactams
such as vinylpyrrolidone or vinylcaprolactam; acrylamides,
methacrylamides which may or may not be substituted on the nitrogen
by lower alkyl groups (C1-C4) (e.g. N-tertbutylacrylamide); esters
of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid (e.g. C1-C4 alkyl acrylate,
methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate and the
methacrylate derivatives of these); acrylate esters grafted onto a
polyalkylene glycol such as polyethylene glycol (e.g.
poly(ethyleneglycol)acrylate); hydroxyesters acrylate (e.g.
hydroxyethyl methacrylate); hydroxyalkylated acrylamide; amino
alkylated acrylamide (e.g. dimethyl amino propyl methacrylamide);
alkylacrylamine (e.g. tert-butylamino-ethyl methacrylate, dimethyl
aminoethyl methacrylate); alkylether acrylate (e.g. 2-ethoxyethyl
acrylate); monoethylenic monomer such as ethylene, styrene; vinyl
esters (e.g. vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate, vinyl
tert-butyl-benzoate; vinyl esters grafted onto a polyalkylene
glycol such as polyethylene glycol; vinyl ether; vinyl halides;
phenylvinyl derivatives; and allyl esters or methallyl esters. The
counter ion can be either a methosulfate anion or a halide such as
chloride or bromide.
[0060] In at least one embodiment, the cationic hairstyling polymer
is a quaternary homopolymer or copolymer of vinylimidazole. In at
least one embodiment, the cationic hairstyling polymer is a
copolymer comprising a) a quaternized vinylimizazole and b) one or
more other monomers. The other monomer may be selected from the
group consisting of: vinyllactams such as vinylpyrrolidone or
vinylcaprolactam such as vinylpyrrolidone/quaternized
vinylimidazole (PQ-16) such as that sold as Luviquat FC-550 by
BASF; acrylamides, methacrylamides which may or may not be
substituted on the nitrogen by lower alkyl groups (C1-C4) (e.g.
N-tertbutylacrylamide); esters of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic
acid (e.g. C1-C4 alkyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate,
tert-butyl acrylate and the methacrylate derivatives of these);
acrylate esters grafted onto a polyalkylene glycol such as
polyethylene glycol (e.g. poly(ethyleneglycol)acrylate);
hydroxyesters acrylate (e.g. hydroxyethyl methacrylate);
hydroxyalkylated acrylamide; amino alkylated acrylamide (e.g.
dimethyl amino propyl methacrylamide); alkylacrylamine (e.g.
tert-butylamino-ethyl methacrylate, dimethyl aminoethyl
methacrylate); alkylether acrylate (e.g. 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate);
monoethylenic monomer such as ethylene, styrene; vinyl esters (e.g.
vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate, vinyl tert-butyl-benzoate; vinyl
esters grafted onto a polyalkylene glycol such as polyethylene
glycol; vinyl ether; vinyl halides; phenylvinyl derivatives; allyl
esters or methallyl esters. The counter ion can be either a
methosulfate anion or a halide such as chloride or bromide.
[0061] In at least one embodiment, the cationic hairstyling polymer
comprises a dimethdiallyl ammonium chloride. In at least one
embodiment, the cationic hairstyling polymer is a homopolymer or
copolymer comprising a quaternary dimethdiallyl ammonium chloride
and another monomer. Such other monomer may be selected from the
group consisting of: acrylamides, methacrylamides which may or may
not be substituted on the nitrogen by lower alkyl groups (C1-C4)
(e.g. N-tertbutylacrylamide); vinyllactams such as vinylpyrrolidone
or vinylcaprolactam; esters of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid
(e.g. C1-C4 alkyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate,
tert-butyl acrylate and the methacrylate derivatives of these);
acrylate esters grafted onto a polyalkylene glycol such as
polyethylene glycol (e.g. poly(ethyleneglycol)acrylate);
hydroxyesters acrylate (e.g. hydroxyethyl methacrylate);
hydroxyalkylated acrylamide; amino alkylated acrylamide (e.g.
dimethyl amino propyl methacrylamide); alkylacrylamine (e.g.
tert-butylamino-ethyl methacrylate, dimethyl aminoethyl
methacrylate); alkylether acrylate (e.g. 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate);
monoethylenic monomer such as ethylene, styrene; vinyl esters (e.g.
vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate, vinyl tert-butyl-benzoate; vinyl
esters grafted onto a polyalkylene glycol such as polyethylene
glycol; vinyl ether; vinyl halides; phenylvinyl derivatives; allyl
esters or methallyl esters. The counter ion can be either a
methosulfate anion or a halide such as chloride or bromide.
[0062] In at least one embodiment, the cationic hairstyling polymer
is a non-cellulosic cationic polysaccharide. In at least one
embodiment, the cationic hairstyling polymer is a guar gums such as
those containing trialkylammonium cationic groups. For example,
such as guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, which is available as
N-Hance 3269 from Ashland.
[0063] In at least one embodiment, the cationic hairstyling polymer
is a cationic cellulose derivative. In at least one embodiment, the
cationic hairstyling polymer is a copolymers of cellulose
derivatives such as hydroxyalkylcelluloses (e.g. hydroxymethyl-,
hydroxyethyl- or hydroxypropylcelluloses) grafted with a
water-soluble monomer comprising a quaternary ammonium (e.g.
glycidytrimethyl ammonium, methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium,
or a methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium, or
dimethyldiallylammonium salt). For example, such as
hydroxyethylcellulose dimethyldiallyammonium chloride [PQ4] sold as
Celquat L200 by Akzo Nobel, or such as Quaternized
hydroxyethylcellulose [PQ10] sold as UCARE JR125 by Dow Personal
Care.
[0064] In at least one embodiment, the cationic hairstyling polymer
is selected from chitosans and derivatives thereof. A derivative of
a chitosan includes salts of chitosans. The salts can be chitosan
acetate, lactate, glutamate, gluconate or pyrrolidonecarboxylate
prefereably with a degree of hydrolysis of at least 80%. A suitable
chitosan includes Hydagen HCMF by Cognis.
[0065] In at least one embodiment, the hairstyling polymer is an
anionic hairstyling polymer or a mixture of anionic hairstyling
polymers. In at least one embodiment, the anionic hairstyling
polymer is selected from those comprising groups derived from
carboxylic or sulfonic acids. Copolymers containing acid units are
generally used in their partially or totally neutralized form, more
preferably totally neutralized. In at least one embodiment, the
anionic hairstyling polymer comprises: (a) at least one monomer
derived from a carboxylic acid such as acrylic acid, or methacrylic
acid or crotonic acid or their salts, or C4-C8 monounsaturated
polycarboxylic acids or anhydrides (e.g. maleic, furamic, itaconic
acids and their anhydrides) and (b) one or more monomers selected
from the group consisting of: esters of acrylic acid and/or
methacrylic acid (e.g. C1-C4 alkyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl
acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate and the methacrylate derivatives of
these); acrylate esters grafted onto a polyalkylene glycol such as
polyethylene glycol (e.g. poly(ethyleneglycol)acrylate);
hydroxyesters acrylate (e.g. hydroxyethyl methacrylate);
acrylamides, methacrylamides which may or may not be substituted on
the nitrogen by lower alkyl groups (C1-C4); N-alkylated acrylamide
(e.g. N-tertbutylacrylamide); hydroxyalkylated acrylamide; amino
alkylated acrylamide (e.g. dimethyl amino propyl methacrylamide);
alkylacrylamine (e.g. tert-butylamino-ethyl methacrylate, dimethyl
aminoethyl methacrylate); alkylether acrylate (e.g. 2-ethoxyethyl
acrylate); monoethylenic monomer such as ethylene, styrene; vinyl
esters (e.g. vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate, vinyl
tert-butyl-benzoate; vinyl esters grafted onto a polyalkylene
glycol such as polyethylene glycol; vinyl ether; vinyl halides;
phenylvinyl derivatives; allyl esters or methallyl esters;
vinyllactams such as vinylpyrrolidone or vinylcapro lactam; alkyl
maleimide, hydroxyalkyl maleimide (e.g. Ethyl/Ethanol Maleimide).
When present the anhydride functions of these polymers can
optionally be monoesterified or monoamidated. In at least one
embodiment, the anionic hairstyling polymer comprises monomers
derived from a sulfonic acid. In at least one embodiment, anionic
polymers comprise: (a) at least one monomer derived from a sulfonic
acid such as vinylsulfonic, styrenesulfonic, naphthalenesulfonic,
acrylalkyl sulfonic, acrylamidoalkylsulfonic acid or their salts
and (b) one or more monomers selected from the group consisting of:
esters of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid (e.g. C1-C4 alkyl
acrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate and
the methacrylate derivatives of these); acrylate esters grafted
onto a polyalkylene glycol such as polyethylene glycol (e.g.
poly(ethyleneglycol)acrylate); hydroxyesters acrylate (e.g.
hydroxyethyl methacrylate); acrylamides, methacrylamides which may
or may not be substituted on the nitrogen by lower alkyl groups
(C1-C4); N-alkylated acrylamide (e.g. N-tertbutylacrylamide);
hydroxyalkylated acrylamide; amino alkylated acrylamide (e.g.
dimethyl amino propyl methacrylamide); alkylacrylamine (e.g.
tert-butylamino-ethyl methacrylate, dimethyl aminoethyl
methacrylate); alkylether acrylate (e.g. 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate);
monoethylenic monomer such as ethylene, styrene; vinyl esters (e.g.
vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate, vinyl tert-butyl-benzoate; vinyl
esters grafted onto a polyalkylene glycol such as polyethylene
glycol; vinyl ether; vinyl halides; phenylvinyl derivatives; allyl
esters or methallyl esters; vinyllactams such as vinylpyrrolidone
or vinylcapro lactam; alkyl maleimide, hydroxyalkyl maleimide (e.g.
Ethyl/Ethanol Maleimide). When present the anhydride functions of
these polymers can optionally be monoesterified or
monoamidated.
[0066] In at least one embodiment, the anionic hairstyling polymer
is a water-soluble polyurethane.
[0067] In at least one embodiment, the anionic hairstyling polymers
are advantageously selected from: copolymers derived from acrylic
acid such as the acrylic acid/ethylacrylate/N-tert-butylacrylamide
terpolymer such as that sold as Ultrahold 8 by BASF;
Octylacrylamide/Acrylates/Butylaminoethyl/Methacrylate Copolymer
such as that sold as Amphomer by Akzo Nobel; methacrylic acid/ester
acrylate/ester methacrylate such as that sold as Balance CR by Akzo
Nobel; Octylacrylamide/Acrylates/Butylaminoethyl Methacrylate
Copolymer such as that sold as Balance 47 by Akzo nobel;
methacrylic acid/hydroxyethylmethacrylate/various acrylate esters
such as that known as Acudyne 1000 sold by Dow Chemical;
acrylates/hydroxyethylmethacrylate such as that sold as Acudyne 180
by Dow Chemical; methacrylic acid/hydroxyethylmethacrylate/various
acrylate esters such as that sold as Acudyne DHR by Dow Chemical;
n-butyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid/ethyl acrylate copolymer such
as that sold as Tilamar Fix A-1000 by DSM; copolymers derived from
crotonic acid, such as vinyl acetate/vinyl
tertbutylbenzoate/crotonic acid terpolymers and the crotonic
acid/vinyl acetate/vinyl neododecanoate terpolymers such as that
sold as Resin 282930 by Akzo Nobel. Preferred hairstyling polymers
derived from sulfonic acid include: sodium polystyrene sulfonate
sold as Flexan 130 by Ashland; sulfopolyester (also known as
Polyester-5) such as that sold as Eastman AQ 48 by Eastman;
sulfopolyester (also known as Polyester-5) such as that sold as
Eastman AQ S38 by Eastman; sulfopolyester (also known as
Polyester-5) such as that sold as Eastman AQ 55 by Eastman. In at
least one embodiment, the anionic hairstyling polymers are
preferably selected from: copolymers derived from acrylic acid such
as the acrylic acid/ethylacrylate/N-tert-butylacrylamide
terpolymers (such as that sold as Ultrahold 8 by BASF);
Octylacrylamide/Acrylates/Butylaminoethyl/Methacrylate Copolymer
such as that sold as Amphomer; methacrylic acid/ester
acrylate/ester methacrylate such as that sold as Balance CR by Akzo
Nobel; Octylacrylamide/Acrylates/Butylaminoethyl Methacrylate
Copolymer such as that sold as Balance 47 by Akzo nobel;
methacrylic acid/hydroxyethylmethacrylate/various acrylate esters
such as that known as Acudyne 1000 sold by Dow Chemical;
acrylates/hydroxyethylmethacrylate such as that sold as Acudyne 180
by Dow Chemical; methacrylic acid/hydroxyethylmethacrylate/various
acrylate esters such as that sold as Acudyne DHR by Dow Chemical;
n-butyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid/ethyl acrylate copolymer such
as that sold as Tilamar Fix A-1000 by DSM; copolymers derived from
crotonic acid, such as vinyl acetate/vinyl
tertbutylbenzoate/crotonic acid terpolymers and the crotonic
acid/vinyl acetate/vinyl neododecanoate terpolymers such as that
sold as Resin 282930 by Akzo Nobel. Preferred hairstyling polymers
derived from styrene sulfonic acid include: sodium polystyrene
sulfonate sold as Flexan 130 by Ashland; sulfopolyester (also known
as Polyester-5) such as that sold as Eastman AQ 48 by Eastman;
sulfopolyester (also known as Polyester-5) such as that sold as
Eastman AQ S38 by Eastman; sulfopolyester (also known as
Polyester-5) such as that sold as Eastman AQ 55 by Eastman.
[0068] In at least one embodiment, the hairstyling polymer is an
anionic hairstyling polymer, and wherein the anionic hairstyling
polymer is selected from: copolymers derived from acrylic acid such
as the acrylic acid/ethylacrylate/N-tert-butylacrylamide
terpolymers; Octylacrylamide/Acrylates/Butylaminoethyl/Methacrylate
Copolymers; methacrylic acid/ester acrylate/ester methacrylates;
Octylacrylamide/Acrylates/Butylaminoethyl Methacrylate Copolymer;
methacrylic acid/hydroxyethylmethacrylate/various acrylate esters;
acrylates/hydroxyethylmethacrylate; methacrylic
acid/hydroxyethylmethacrylate/various acrylate esters; n-butyl
methacrylate/methacrylic acid/ethyl acrylate copolymers; copolymers
derived from crotonic acid, such as vinyl acetate/vinyl
tertbutylbenzoate/crotonic acid terpolymers; and the crotonic
acid/vinyl acetate/vinyl neododecanoate terpolymers; and mixtures
thereof.
[0069] In at least one embodiment, the hairstyling polymer is a
polyurethane dispersed in water. Such polyurethanes include those
such as adipic acid, 1-6 hexandiol, neopentyl glycol, isophorone
diisocyanate, isophorone diamine,
N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminoethanesulphonic acid, sodium salt (also
known as Polyurethane-48) such as that sold as Baycusan C1008 by
Bayer; and such as isophorone diisocyanate, dimethylol propionic
acid, 4,4-isopropylidenediphenol/propylene oxide/ethylene oxide
(also known as Polyurethene-14) such as that sold as a mixture
under the name of DynamX H20 by AkzoNobel.
[0070] In at least one embodiment, the hairstyling polymer is a
nonionic hairstyling polymer or a mixture of nonionic hairstyling
polymers. Suitable synthetic non-ionic hairstyling polymers
include: homopolymers and copolymers comprising: (a) at least one
of the following main monomers: vinylpyrrolidone; vinyl esters
grafted onto a polyalkylene glycol such as polyethylene glycol;
acrylate esters grafted onto a polyalkylene glycol such as
polyethylene glycol or acrylamide and (b) one or more other
monomers such as vinyl esters (e.g. vinyl acetate or vinyl
propionate, vinyl tert-butyl-benzoate); alkylacrylamine (e.g.
tert-butylamino-ethyl methacrylate, dimethyl aminoethyl
methacrylate); vinylcaprolactam; hydroxyalkylated acrylamide; amino
alkylated acrylamide (e.g. dimethyl amino propyl methacrylamide);
vinyl ether; alkyl maleimide, hydroxyalkyl maleimide (e.g.
Ethyl/Ethanol Maleimide).
[0071] In at least one embodiment, the non-ionic hairstyling
polymer is preferably selected from vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate
copolymers (such as that sold as LUVISKOL VA 64 by BASF and such as
vinylpyrrolidone homopolymer such as that sold as PVPK30 by
Ashland).
[0072] In at least one embodiment, the non-ionic hairstyling
polymer is a water-soluble natural polymer being a cellulose
derivative, such as hydroxyalkylcelluloses (e.g. hydroxymethyl-,
hydroxyethyl- or hydroxypropylcelluloses) and starches.
[0073] In at least one embodiment, the hairstyling polymer is an
amphoteric hairstyling polymer or a mixture of amphoteric
hairstyling polymers. Suitable synthetic amphoteric hairstyling
polymers include those comprising: an acid and a base like monomer;
a carboxybetaine or sulfobetaine zwitterionic monomer; and an
alkylamine oxide acrylate monomer. In at least one embodiment, the
amphoteric comprising: (a) at least one monomer containing a basic
nitrogen atom such as a quaternized dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide
(e.g. Quaternized dimethyl amino propyl methacrylamide) or a
quaternized dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate (e.g. quaternized dimethyl
aminoethyl methacrylate) and (b) at least one acid monomer
comprising one or more carboxylic or sulfonic groups such as
acrylic acid, or methacrylic acid or crotonic acid or their salts,
or C4-C8 monounsaturated polycarboxylic acids or anhydrides (e.g.
maleic, furamic, itaconic acids and their anhydrides) and (c) one
or more monomers selected from acrylamides, methacrylamides which
may or may not be substituted on the nitrogen by lower alkyl groups
(C1-C4) (e.g. N-tertbutylacrylamide); vinyllactams such as
vinylpyrrolidone or vinylcapro lactam; esters of acrylic acid
and/or methacrylic acid (e.g. C1-C4 alkyl acrylate, methyl
acrylate, ethyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate and the methacrylate
derivatives of these); acrylate esters grafted onto a polyalkylene
glycol such as polyethylene glycol (e.g.
poly(ethyleneglycol)acrylate); hydroxyesters acrylate (e.g.
hydroxyethyl methacrylate); hydroxyalkylated acrylamide; amino
alkylated acrylamide (e.g. dimethyl amino propyl methacrylamide);
alkylacrylamine (e.g. tert-butylamino-ethyl methacrylate, dimethyl
aminoethyl methacrylate); alkylether acrylate (e.g. 2-ethoxyethyl
acrylate); monoethylenic monomer such as ethylene, styrene; vinyl
esters (e.g. vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate, vinyl
tert-butyl-benzoate; vinyl esters grafted onto a polyalkylene
glycol such as polyethylene glycol; vinyl ether; vinyl halides;
phenylvinyl derivatives; allyl esters or methallyl esters. In an
embodiment, the amphoteric hairstyling polymer comprises at least
one carboxybetaine or sulfobetaine zwitterionic monomer such as
carboxybetaine methacrylate and sulfobetaine methacrylate. In at
least one embodiment, the amphoteric hairstyling polymer comprises:
(a) at least one carboxybetaine or sulfobetaine zwitterionic
monomer such as carboxybetaine methacrylate and sulfobetaine
methacrylate; and (b) a monomer selected from the group consisting
of: acrylamides, methacrylamides which may or may not be
substituted on the nitrogen by lower alkyl groups (C1-C4) (e.g.
N-tertbutylacrylamide); vinyllactams such as vinylpyrrolidone or
vinylcapro lactam; esters of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid
(e.g. C1-C4 alkyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate,
tert-butyl acrylate and the methacrylate derivatives of these);
acrylate esters grafted onto a polyalkylene glycol such as
polyethylene glycol (e.g. poly(ethyleneglycol)acrylate);
hydroxyesters acrylate (e.g. hydroxyethyl methacrylate);
hydroxyalkylated acrylamide; amino alkylated acrylamide (e.g.
dimethyl amino propyl methacrylamide); alkylacrylamine (e.g.
tert-butylamino-ethyl methacrylate, dimethyl aminoethyl
methacrylate); alkylether acrylate (e.g. 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate);
monoethylenic monomer such as ethylene, styrene; vinyl esters (e.g.
vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate, vinyl tert-butyl-benzoate; vinyl
esters grafted onto a polyalkylene glycol such as polyethylene
glycol; vinyl ether; vinyl halides; phenylvinyl derivatives; allyl
esters or methallyl esters. In at least one embodiment, the
amphoteric hairstyling polymer comprises at least an alkylamine
oxide acrylate. In at least one embodiment, the amphoteric
hairstyling polymer comprises: (a) an ethylamine oxide
methacrylate; and (b) a monomer selected from the group consisting
of: acrylamides, methacrylamides which may or may not be
substituted on the nitrogen by lower alkyl groups (C1-C4) (e.g.
N-tertbutylacrylamide); vinyllactams such as vinylpyrrolidone or
vinylcapro lactam; esters of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid
(e.g. C1-C4 alkyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate,
tert-butyl acrylate and the methacrylate derivatives of these);
acrylate esters grafted onto a polyalkylene glycol such as
polyethylene glycol (e.g. poly(ethyleneglycol)acrylate);
hydroxyesters acrylate (e.g. hydroxyethyl methacrylate);
hydroxyalkylated acrylamide; amino alkylated acrylamide (e.g.
dimethyl amino propyl methacrylamide); alkylacrylamine (e.g.
tert-butylamino-ethyl methacrylate, dimethyl aminoethyl
methacrylate); alkylether acrylate (e.g. 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate);
monoethylenic monomer such as ethylene, styrene; vinyl esters (e.g.
vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate, vinyl tert-butyl-benzoate; vinyl
esters grafted onto a polyalkylene glycol such as polyethylene
glycol; vinyl ether; vinyl halides; phenylvinyl derivatives; allyl
esters or methallyl esters. An example of such an amphoteric
hairstyling polymer is acrylates/ethylamine oxide methacrylate sold
as Diaformer Z 731 N by Clariant.
[0074] In at least one embodiment, the hairstyling polymer is
selected from the group consisting of: acrylates copolymers of two
or more monomers of (meth)acrylic acid or one of their simple
esters; octylacrylamide/acrylate/butylaminoethyl methacrylate
copolymers; acrylates/hydroxyesters acrylates copolymers of butyl
acrylate, methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, ethyl acrylate and
hydroxyethyl methacrylate; polyurethane-14/AMP-acrylates copolymer
blend; and mixtures thereof.
[0075] In at least one embodiment, the hairstyling formulation is
substantially free of water-insoluble polymers, in particular,
water-insoluble hairstyling polymers. Polymers that are not
miscible in water should be avoided for the present invention.
Polymers of high molecular weight (>200,000 g/mol should be
avoided or only used at very low levels such that the hairstyling
formulation does not exceed the viscosity requirements. In at least
one embodiment, the hairstyling formulation is substantially free
of a polymer having a molecular weight of greater than 200,000
g/mol. In at least one embodiment, the hairstyling formulation is
substantially free of a polymer comprising at least two long
hydrophobic (e.g. linear fatty chains of 10 carbons or more)
grafts. Such polymers with such grafts can lead to associative
interactions in the hairstyling formulation which can drive
viscosity up without contributing to the strength of the film
delivered to the hair.
Optional Ingredients
[0076] In at least one embodiment, the hairstyling formulation
comprises a panthenol compound and/or a silicone compound. In at
least one embodiment, the panthenol compound is selected from the
group consisting of: panthenol, a pantothenic acid derivative, and
mixtures thereof. In at least one embodiment, the panthenol
compound is selected from the group consisting of: D-panthenol
([R]-2,4-dihydroxy-N-[3-15-(hydroxypropyl)]-3,3-dimethylbutamide),
D/L-panthenol, pantothenic acids and their salts, panthenyl
triacetate, royal jelly, panthetine, pantotheine, panthenyl ethyl
ether, pangamic acid, pantoyl lactose, Vitamin B complex, and
mixtures thereof. The panthenol compound is useful in view of
providing excellent hair look and feel benefits. The hairstyling
formulation may comprise from about 0.1% to about 0.6%, or from
about 0.1% to about 0.3%, of a panthenol compound, by total weight
of the hairstyling formulation and the propellant. In at least one
embodiment, the hairstyling formulation comprises a silicone
compound. The silicone is useful because it gives a smoother feel
and also shine to the hair. In at least one embodiment, the
silicone compound is a dimethicone compound. In at least one
embodiment, the silicone compound is a PEG dimethicone, for example
PEG-12 dimethicone.
[0077] The hairstyling formulation may further comprise a
surfactant. The hairstyling formulation may comprise 1% or less
surfactant, or 0.6% or less, or 0.4% or less, or 0.3% or less, by
total weight of the hairstyling formulation and propellant. In at
least one embodiment, the surfactant is selected from the group
consisting of cationic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, anionic
surfactants, and mixtures thereof. Cationic surfactants may be
selected from the group consisting of cetrimonium chloride (e.g.
Quartamin 60L-G from Kao; DEHYQUART A-CA/DETEX; ARQUAD 16-25 LO);
cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine (e.g. REWOTERIC AM CAS);
cocamidopropyl betaine (e.g. TEGO BETAIN F 50); betaine; and
mixtures thereof. Non-ionic surfactants may be selected from the
group consisting of: castor oil PEG-40 H (e.g. NEODOL10 91-8);
laureth-4 (e.g. DEHYDOL LS 4 DEO N); laureth-9; decyl glucoside
(e.g. Plantacare 2000); polysorbate 20 (e.g. TWEEN 20 PHARMA from
UNIQEMA); PEG-25 hydrogenated castor oil (e.g. SIMULSOL 1292 DF
from SEPPIC); PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil (e.g. CREMOPHOR CO 410
from BASF); PPG-1-PEG-9-laurylglycolether (e.g. Eumulgin L);
siloxane polyalkyleneoxide copolymer (Silwet.RTM. L7604 from
Momentive); and polydimethylsiloxane methylethoxylate (Silwet.RTM.
L7600 from Momentive); and mixtures thereof. A suitable anionic
surfactant is dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS or
1,4-dioctoxy-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonic acid), an example of which
is Aerosol OT-70 PG from Cytec. In at least one embodiment, the
surfactant is selected from the group consisting of: castor oil
PEG-40 H; cetrimonium chloride; laureth-4; laureth-9; decyl
glucoside; cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine; polysorbate 20; siloxane
polyalkyleneoxide copolymer; dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate; and
mixtures thereof
[0078] In at least one embodiment, the hairstyling formulation
comprises a neutraliser. Suitable neutralisers include potassium
hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, triisopropanolamine (TIPA),
2-aminobutanol, 2-aminomethyl propanol (AMP), aminoethylpropandiol,
dimethyl stearamine (Armeen 18 D), sodium silicate,
tetrahydroxypropyl ethylenediamine (Neutrol.RTM. TE), ammonia
(NH3), triethanolamine, trimethylamine (Tris AminoUltra),
aminomethylpropandiol (AMPD). In at least one embodiment, the
neutralising agent is 2-aminobutanol, ammonia, or 2-aminomethyl
propanol.
[0079] The hairstyling formulation may comprise at least one
preservative. The preservative may be present in an amount of less
than about 1.5%, or 0% to 1%, or 0.01% to 1%, by total weight of
the hairstyling formulation and propellant. Suitable preservatives
include: phenoxyethanol (e.g. Euxyl.RTM. PE 9010), benzyl alcohol,
propylene glycol, PHMB (Poly-aminopropyl biguanide), Optiphen
(Phenoxyethanol+caprylyl glycol) from ISP, Symtriol (1,2-octanediol
and 1,2 hexanediol, methylbenzyl alcohol) from Symrise,
octylsalicylate,
1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (DMDM
hydantoin; Nipaguard.RTM. DMDMH by Clariant), EDTA (Rexat),
butylene glycol (Dekaben LMB), and parben types e.g. methylparaben
(e.g.PHB methyl ester from Schutz & Co., or SLI Chemicals, or
Nipagin.RTM. M), propylparaben (PHB-- propylester from Solvadis
Specialties).
[0080] The hairstyling formulation may further comprise at least
one perfume or fragrance. The hairstyling formulation may comprise
a maximum of about 0.5% perfume or fragrance, or from about 0% to
about 0.4%, or from about 0.03% to about 0.3%, by total weight of
the hairstyling formulation and propellant.
[0081] In at least one embodiment, the hairstyling formulation
comprises a corrosion inhibitor. In at least one embodiment, the
corrosion inhibitor is EDTA.
[0082] The hairstyling formulation may further comprise vitamins
and amino acids such as: water-soluble vitamins such as vitamin B1,
B2, B6, B12, C, pantothenic acid, pantothenyl ethyl ether,
panthenol, biotin, and their derivatives, water soluble amino acids
such as asparagine, alanine, indole, glutamic acid and their salts,
water insoluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E, and their salts
and/or derivatives, water insoluble amino acids such as tyrosine,
tryptamine, viscosity modifiers, dyes, non-volatile solvents or
diluents (water soluble and insoluble), pearlescent aids, foam
boosters, additional surfactants or non-ionic cosurfactants,
pediculocides, pH adjusting agents, perfumes, preservatives,
chelants, proteins, skin active agents, sunscreens, UV absorbers,
vitamins, niacinamide, caffeine and minoxidil. The hairstyling
formulation may comprise from about 0.01% to about 5% vitamins
and/or amino acids, by total weight of the hairstyling formulation
and propellant. The hairstyling formulation may further comprise
pigment materials such as inorganic pigments, nitroso-, monoazo-,
disazo-compounds, carotenoid, triphenyl methane, triaryl methane,
chemicals of the quinoline, oxazine, azine, or anthraquinone type,
as well as compounds which are indigoid, thionindigoid,
quinacridone, phthalocianine, botanical, natural colors, and
water-soluble components. The hairstyling formulation may comprise
from about 0.0001% to about 5% pigment materials, by total weight
of the hairstyling formulation and propellant. The hairstyling
formulation may also contain antimicrobial agents which are useful
as cosmetic biocides. The hairstyling formulation may comprise from
about 0.01% to about 5% antimicrobial agents, by total weight of
the hairstyling formulation and propellant.
Propellant
[0083] The product comprises a liquefied gas propellant. The
liquefied gas propellant may be selected from the group consisting
of dimethylether (DME), 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a),
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), pentane, n-butane,
iso-butane, propane, trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze),
and mixtures thereof. In at least one embodiment, the liquefied gas
propellant is dimethylether (DME) or 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a).
In at least one embodiment, the liquefied gas propellant is
dimethylether. Dimethyl ether is useful in the invention in view of
it forming a homoegeous solution with the hairstyling
formulation.
[0084] In at least one embodiment, the product comprises from about
35% to about 50% liquefied gas propellant, or from about 40% to
about 45% liquefied gas propellant, by total weight of the
hairstyling formulation and propellant. In at least one embodiment,
the product comprises from about 35% to about 50% dimethylether, or
from about 40% to about 45% dimethylether, by total weight of the
hairstyling formulation and propellant.
[0085] In at least one embodiment, the liquefied gas propellant and
hairstyling formulation freely communicate with one another inside
the reservoir. In at least one embodiment, the liquefied gas
propellant and hairstyling formulation are not stored in separate
compartments.
[0086] The product comprises a pressurisable container. The
pressure inside the reservoir can be measured with a pressure gauge
(GCAS #60001439). In at least one embodiment, the pressure inside
the container is from about 1 bar to about 7 bar, or from about 1.5
bar to about 5 bar, measured at 20.degree. C. In at least one
embodiment where the propellant is iso-butane, propane, or
dimethylether the pressure inside the container is from about 3 bar
to about 4 bar, at 20.degree. C. When the propellant is n-butane,
the pressure inside the container may be from about 1.5 bar to
about 2 bar, or from about 1.7 bar to about 1.9 bar, measured at
20.degree. C.
[0087] In at least one embodiment, the product comprises about 50%
or less volatile organic compound (VOC). VOCs can cause health and
environmental concerns. This is particularly relevant for
manufacturing and in that certain countries have restrictions on
the amount of VOC that can be used in household products. Indeed,
it is usual to market different hairspray formulations in Europe
versus in North America, for example, in view of the different
regulatory requirements. Therefore, hairsprays having reduced VOCs
are useful in view of providing a globally-marketable hairspray
product. As used herein, the US regulatory law vis-a-vis the
definition of a VOC applies herein. The definition of VOC for US
legislative purposes (U.S. EPA 40 CFR 51. 100[s]) defines only
those organic compounds without negligible photochemical
reactivity.
Spraying Device
[0088] The product comprises a spraying device attached to the
container 118 for dispensing the hairstyling formulation from the
reservoir 204 of the container 118, wherein the spraying device
comprises a valve 205 and a nozzle, wherein the valve comprises a
valve body 113, a stem 107 and a spring means 108, and wherein the
valve body 113 houses an insert 109, and wherein the insert 109
comprises an insert orifice 109a and at least two channels 110a,
110b, wherein the channels 110a, 110b are tangentially disposed
about the insert orifice 109a, and wherein the valve body 113
comprises at least two vapour taps 211a, 211b, and wherein the
insert orifice 109a is capable of being in liquid communication
with the hairstyling formulation in the reservoir 204.
[0089] The features of the insert 109 permit a large amount of
headspace propellant gas to enter the flowstream of the hairstyling
formulation in the valve 205. This headspace propellant gas is
injected into the hairstyling flowstream in the valve body 113 via
the insert 109 which due to at least two vapour taps 211a, 211b and
the channels 110a, 110b imparts a swirling motion to the propellant
gas at it enters the hairspray formulation flowstream. The volume
of propellant gas combined with the imparted propellant gas
circular motion is much more efficient at breaking the product flow
into particles; thereby resulting in improved i.e. reduced particle
size distribution for the resulting ejected composition.
[0090] In at least one embodiment, the valve body 113 comprises a
valve tailpiece 115, and wherein the valve tailpiece 115 has an
orifice, which receives a dip tube 116. In at least one embodiment,
the channels 110a; 110b are on the bottom of the insert 110. In at
least one embodiment, the insert orifice 109a is capable of being
in liquid communication with the hairstyling formulation in the
reservoir 204 via a diptube 116 connected to a valve tailpiece 115.
In at least one embodiment, the vapour taps 211a, 211b converge on
the channels 110a, 110b. In at least one embodiment, the channels
110a, 110b converge on the insert orifice 109a. In at least one
embodiment, the valve body 113 is free of a vapour tap not
converging on a channel 110. Such a vapour tap that does not
converge with the channel 110 is depicted, for exemplification, as
reference sign 113a in FIG. 1. Such a vapour tap, or vapour housing
hole, as it is sometimes referred to in the literature, is not
useful herein. Indeed, this type of vapour tap does not introduce
sufficient quantity of propellant gas or provide efficient
insertion into the flowstream for sufficient particle size breakup.
If used in combination with the features of the present valve 205
it would deflect propellant gas flowing through the at least two
vapour taps 211a, 211b and the at least two channels 110a, 110b.
Thus, the swirling effect would be reduced.
[0091] In at least one embodiment, the vapour taps 211a, 211b have
orifice dimensions of from about 0.22 mm to about 0.28
mm.times.from about 0.30 mm to about 0.36 mm, or of from about 0.24
mm to about 0.26 mm.times.from about 0.32 mm to about 0.34 mm.
[0092] In at least one embodiment, the channels 110a; 110b on the
bottom of the insert 110 abut an internal flat base of the valve
body 113 to create two internal gas metering slots that are in
gaseous communication with the vapour taps 211a, 211b in the valve
body 113, thereby creating a metered gas path from the headspace of
the container to the inside of the valve body 113.
[0093] In at least one embodiment, the valve body (113) comprises a
valve tailpiece (115), and wherein the valve tailpiece (115) has an
orifice, which receives a dip tube (116); and wherein the dip tube
(116) has an inner diameter, wherein the inner diameter is from
about 0.030 inch (0.762 mm) to about 0.070 inch (1.778 mm), or from
about 0.035 inch (0.889 mm) to about 0.065 inch (1.651 mm), or from
about 0.040 inch (1.016 mm) to about 0.060 inch (1.524 mm), or from
about 0.045 inch (1.143 mm) to about 0.055 inch (1.397 mm), or from
about 0.035 inch (0.889 mm) to about 0.045 inch (1.143 mm). In at
least one embodiment, the dip tube 116 has an inner diameter,
wherein the inner diameter is from about 0.030 inch (0.762 mm) to
about 0.070 inch (1.778 mm), or from about 0.035 inch (0.889 mm) to
about 0.065 inch (1.651 mm), or from about 0.040 inch (1.016 mm) to
about 0.060 inch (1.524 mm), or from about 0.045 inch (1.143 mm) to
about 0.055 inch (1.397 mm), or from about 0.035 inch (0.889 mm) to
about 0.045 inch (1.143 mm).
[0094] In at least one embodiment, the valve tailpiece 115 orifice
(which receives the dip tube 116) has an inner diameter, wherein
the inner diameter is from about 0.030 inch (0.762 mm) to about
0.070 inch (1.778 mm), or from about 0.035 inch (0.889 mm) to about
0.065 inch (1.651 mm), or from about 0.040 inch (1.016 mm) to about
0.060 inch (1.524 mm), or from about 0.045 inch (1.143 mm) to about
0.055 inch (1.397 mm), or from about 0.035 inch (0.889 mm) to about
0.045 inch (1.143 mm). In at least one embodiment, the insert
orifice (109a) is capable of being in liquid communication with the
hairstyling formulation in the reservoir (204) via a diptube (116)
connected to a valve tailpiece (115); and wherein the valve
tailpiece (115) orifice has an inner diameter, wherein the inner
diameter is from about 0.030 inch (0.762 mm) to about 0.070 inch
(1.778 mm), or from about 0.035 inch (0.889 mm) to about 0.065 inch
(1.651 mm), or from about 0.040 inch (1.016 mm) to about 0.060 inch
(1.524 mm), or from about 0.045 inch (1.143 mm) to about 0.055 inch
(1.397 mm), or from about 0.035 inch (0.889 mm) to about 0.045 inch
(1.143 mm).
[0095] In at least one embodiment, the insert orifice 109a has a
diameter of from about 0.020 inch (0.500 mm) to about 0.070 inch
(1.778 mm). In at least one embodiment, the insert orifice 109a has
a diameter of from about 0.030 inch (0.762 mm) to about 0.070 inch
(1.778 mm), or from about 0.035 inch (0.889 mm) to about 0.065 inch
(1.651 mm), or from about 0.040 inch (1.016 mm) to about 0.060 inch
(1.524 mm), or from about 0.045 inch (1.143 mm) to about 0.055 inch
(1.397 mm), or from about 0.035 inch (0.889 mm) to about 0.045 inch
(1.143 mm). In at least one embodiment, the insert orifice 109a has
a diameter of at least about 0.030 inch (0.762 mm).
[0096] In at least one embodiment, the channels 110a, 110b
independently have a cross-section having a largest diameter of
from about 0.005 inch (0.127 mm) to about 0.025 inch (0.635 mm), or
from about 0.008 inch (0.203 mm) to about 0.020 inch (0.508 mm), or
from about 0.010 inch (0.254 mm) to about 0.015 inch (0.381 mm), or
from about 0.015 inch (0.381 mm) to about 0.018 inch (0.457 mm). In
at least one embodiment, the channels 110a, 110b have dimensions
(width.times.height) of from about 0.22 mm to about 0.28
mm.times.from about 0.30 mm to about 0.36 mm, or of from about 0.24
mm to about 0.26 mm.times.from about 0.32 mm to about 0.34 mm.
[0097] In at least one embodiment, the stem 107 has a stem orifice
105, which acts as an outlet for the contents of the container. In
at least one embodiment, the stem orifice 105 has an inner
diameter, wherein the inner diameter is from about 0.005 inch
(0.127 mm) to about 0.025 inch (0.635 mm), or from about 0.008 inch
(0.203 mm) to about 0.013 inch (0.340 mm), or from about 0.011 inch
(0.279 mm) to about 0.014 inch (0.356 mm). In an embodiment, the
stem orifice 105 has an inner diameter, wherein the inner diameter
is from about 0.010 inch (0.254 mm) to about 0.020 inch (0.508 mm),
or from about 0.015 inch (0.381 mm) to about 0.018 inch (0.457
mm).
[0098] In at least one embodiment, the spring means 108 is a spring
108. In at least one embodiment, the valve body 113 comprises
castellations 112.
[0099] In at least one embodiment, the valve 205 further comprises
a stem gasket 104 that seals against the seat for the stem gasket
106 on the stem 107 and thereby covers a side hole in the stem that
leads to the stem orifice 105.
[0100] In at least one embodiment, the valve body 113, stem 107 and
insert 109 are made of polyphenylene sulfone.
[0101] A valve suitable for use in the present invention is an
Ecosol.TM. device provided by Precision Valve, Peterborough, UK.
Such a valve is disclosed in US2009/0124961A1, which is
incorporated herein by reference. In particular, paragraphs [0053]
to [0068] of US2009/0124961A1, as well as FIGS. 1 to 2 therein, are
incorporated herein by reference.
[0102] Nozzles suitable for use in the present invention are
available from Kosmos, Seaquist and Precision Valve. In at least
one embodiment, the spraying device comprises a variable
spray-angle nozzle, variable resin flux nozzle, tapered flow nozzle
and/or helix atomizer nozzle. Such nozzles are disclosed in
EP2570110A2, EP2570192A1, EP2570191A1, which are incorporated
herein by reference. In particular, tapered flow nozzles and helix
atomizer nozzles are disclosed in EP2570191A1 from paragraph 119 to
176, which refer to FIGS. 1-27 therein, are incorporated herein by
reference.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0103] The stem gasket 104 is pre-assembled onto the stem 107 so
that it seals against the seat for the stem gasket 106 on the stem
107 and covers a small side hole in the stem that leads to the stem
orifice 105, which acts as an outlet for the contents of the
container. A stainless steel spring 108 is then prefitted to the
base of the stem moulding. The insert 109 is pre-assembled into the
valve body 113 and sealingly seats the channels see FIG. 2: 110a;
110b formed on the bottom of the insert 110 against the internal
flat base of the valve body 113 to create two internal gas metering
slots that are in communication with the external slots 114 on the
valve body 113, thereby creating a metered gas path from the
headspace of the container to the inside of the valve body 113 when
the valve is later clinched onto the container 118. The mounting
cup 102 is prefitted with a cup gasket 103 to form a gas-tight seal
against the container curl 117 when the assembled valve is clinched
to the container by standard industry means. The subassemblies
described above are then crimped together using a standard pedestal
crimping tool to make the fully assembled valve 205. The stem
gasket 104 is compressed by 50% in thickness by the crimping
procedure, and the pedestal of the mounting cup 102 is deformed
during crimping to engage and retain on the castellations 112 on
the external surface of the valve body 113. A polyethylene dip tube
116 is push-fitted into sealing engagement with the tailpiece of
the valve body 115 to complete the valve assembly. The container
118 is part-filled with hairstyling formulation inside the
container 118 and with the liquefied gas propellant before the
valve 205 and dip tube 116 are clinched onto the container curl 117
by use of conventional clinching equipment to make a gas-tight seal
between the valve 205 and the container 118. The container 118 is
then pressurized to the desired working pressure by gassing through
the stem orifice 105. A fluid metering hole (not shown at the top
of the tailpiece of the valve body 115 meters the hairstyling
formulation into the valve body 113 from the bottom of the
container 118 via the dip tube 116 and mixes the hairstyling
formulation with the propellant entering the valve body 113 through
the channels (see FIG. 2: 110a; 110b) on the base of the insert
110. When the stem 107 is depressed by more than approximately 1 mm
through application of external force, the stem gasket 104 deforms
away from the side hole in the stem gasket seat 106 area, opening a
path between the container 118 and the external environment. When
this external force is released, the spring 108 returns the stem to
its fully closed position.
[0104] A standard 1 inch diameter aerosol valve 205 is clinched on
to the top of the container 118 after filling with the hairspray
formulation. The stem orifice 105 is the outlet of the stem 107.
The container 118 comprises a container wall 201 and a reservoir
204 for storing a hairstyling formulation and a liquefied gas
propellant. Activation of the valve 205 is achieved by through
application of external force to depress the engaged stem 107 and
thereby releasing the hairstyling formulation and propellant into
the external environment via a nozzle (not shown), which is sized
to engage with the valve 205. The valve 205 comprises a housing 207
which mounts the dip tube 116 and includes vapour taps 211a, 211b
which admit propellant gas from reservoir 204 into the flow of
hairstyling formulation which rises up the dip tube 116 on
operation of valve 205 opening. The vapour taps 211a, 211b have a
cross-sectional area such that the sum total ratio of this to the
cross-sectional area of the fluid metering hole (not shown) at the
top of the tailpiece of the valve body 115 (at the top of the dip
tube) may be controlled to provide the desired
propellant/hairstyling formulation ratio.
Exemplified Embodiments of the First Aspect
[0105] At least one embodiment relates to an aerosol hairspray
product wherein the product comprises: [0106] i. a pressurisable
container 118 comprising a container wall 201 which encloses a
reservoir 204 for storing a hairstyling formulation and a liquefied
gas propellant; [0107] ii. the hairstyling formulation comprising:
[0108] (a) from about 30% to about 60% water, by total weight of
the hairstyling formulation and propellant; and [0109] (b) from
about 5.0% to about 15% hairstyling polymer by total weight of the
hairstyling formulation and propellant, wherein the hairstyling
polymer is water-soluble; and [0110] (c) less than 0.5% alcohol, by
total weight of the hairstyling formulation and propellant,
preferably substantially free of alcohol; [0111] and wherein the
hairstyling formulation without propellant has a kinematic
viscosity of from about 1.8 cSt to about 5.5 cSt, wherein the
viscosity is measured at 20.degree. C.+/-0.1.degree. C.; [0112]
iii. a spraying device attached to the container 118 for dispensing
the hairstyling formulation from the reservoir 204 of the container
118, wherein the spraying device comprises a valve 205 and a
nozzle, wherein the valve comprises a valve body 113, a stem 107
and a spring means 108, and wherein the valve body 113 houses an
insert 109, and wherein the insert comprises an insert orifice 109a
and at least two channels 110a, 110b, wherein the channels 110a,
110b are tangentially disposed about the insert orifice 109a, and
wherein the valve body 113 comprises at least two vapour taps 211a,
211b, and wherein the insert orifice 109a is capable of being in
liquid communication with the hairstyling formulation in the
reservoir 204; [0113] and wherein pressure inside the container is
from about 3 bar to about 5 bar, at 20.degree. C., or from about 3
bar to about 4 bar, at 20.degree. C.
[0114] At least one embodiment relates to an aerosol hairspray
product wherein the product comprises: [0115] i. a pressurisable
container 118 comprising a container wall 201 which encloses a
reservoir 204 for storing a hairstyling formulation and a liquefied
gas propellant; [0116] ii. the hairstyling formulation comprising:
[0117] (a) from about 30% to about 60% water, by total weight of
the hairstyling formulation and propellant; and [0118] (b) from
about 7.0% to about 14% hairstyling polymer by total weight of the
hairstyling formulation and propellant, wherein the hairstyling
polymer is water-soluble; and [0119] (c) less than 0.5% alcohol, by
total weight of the hairstyling formulation and propellant,
preferably substantially free of alcohol; [0120] and wherein the
hairstyling formulation without propellant has a kinematic
viscosity of from about 1.8 cSt to about 5.5 cSt, wherein the
viscosity is measured at 20.degree. C.+/-0.1.degree. C.; and
wherein the hairstyling formulation comprises an anionic
hairstyling polymer; [0121] iii. a spraying device attached to the
container 118 for dispensing the hairstyling formulation from the
reservoir 204 of the container 118, wherein the spraying device
comprises a valve 205 and a nozzle, wherein the valve comprises a
valve body 113, a stem 107 and a spring means 108, and wherein the
valve body 113 houses an insert 109, and wherein the insert
comprises an insert orifice 109a and at least two channels 110a,
110b, wherein the channels 110a, 110b are tangentially disposed
about the insert orifice 109a, and wherein the valve body 113
comprises at least two vapour taps 211a, 211b, and wherein the
insert orifice 109a is capable of being in liquid communication
with the hairstyling formulation in the reservoir 204; [0122]
wherein the valve body 113 comprises a valve tailpiece 115, and
wherein the valve tailpiece 115 has an orifice, which receives a
dip tube 116; and wherein the dip tube 116 has an inner diameter,
wherein the inner diameter is from about 0.035 inch (0.889 mm) to
about 0.055 inch (1.397 mm); [0123] wherein the stem 107 has a stem
orifice 105, which acts as an outlet for the contents of the
container; and wherein the stem orifice 105 has an inner diameter,
wherein the inner diameter is from about 0.008 inch (0.203 mm) to
about 0.014 inch (0.356 mm); [0124] wherein the insert orifice 109a
is capable of being in liquid communication with the hairstyling
formulation in the reservoir 204 via a diptube 116 connected to a
valve tailpiece 115; and wherein the valve tailpiece 115 orifice
has an inner diameter, wherein the inner diameter is from 0.035
inch (0.889 mm) to 0.055 inch (1.397 mm).
2.sup.nd Aspect
[0125] The second aspect relates to the use of the product
according to the first aspect for styling hair. The descriptions
vis-a-vis the aspects described above apply to and are suitable
mutatis mutandis for this aspect as well.
3.sup.rd Aspect
[0126] The third aspect relates to a method of styling hair
comprising: [0127] i. providing the product according to the first
aspect; and [0128] ii. causing the product to spray at a delivery
rate, wherein the delivery rate is from about 0.25 g/sec to about
0.45 g/sec; and wherein an ejected composition is sprayed, wherein
the ejected composition comprises particles having an average
particle size distribution (Dv50) of at least about 35 micron.
[0129] In at least one embodiment, the ejected composition
comprises particles having an average particle size distribution
(Dv50) of from about 35 micron, or from about 40 micron, or from
about 45 micron, or from about 50 micron, or from about 55 micron,
or from about 60 micron, to about 140 micron, or to about 120
micron, or to about 110 micron, or to about 100 micron, or to about
90 micron, or to about 85 micron, or to about 80 micron, or to
about 75 micron, or to about 70 micron, or about to 65 micron. In
at least one embodiment, the ejected composition comprises
particles having an average particle size distribution (Dv50) of
from about 40 micron to about 100 micron. Such average particle
size distribution of from 40 micron to 100 micron is useful for
providing optimal drying time on hair since the particles of
ejected composition are well spread across the head of hair and yet
a sufficient amount of hairstyling polymer is present in each
particle (droplet) to provide sufficient hold (spot weld of hair
fibres).
[0130] In at least one embodiment, said average particle size
distribution is maintained over the lifetime of the product.
"Lifetime of the product" as used herein, means from a full product
until an insufficient amount of hairstyling formulation is present
in the reservoir to be sprayed, for example substantially no
hairstyling formulation is present in the reservoir. Maintenance of
such average particle size distribution over the lifetime of the
product is an advantage to the consumer who can thus expect
excellent performance of the product until the product is `empty`.
Such benefit is, in particular, linked to the structural features
of the valve--particularly in relation to: the insert 109 comprises
an insert orifice 109a and at least two channels 110a, 110b,
wherein the channels 110a, 110b are tangentially disposed about the
insert orifice 109a, and wherein the valve body 113 comprises at
least two vapour taps 211.
[0131] In at least one embodiment, the delivery rate is from about
0.26 g/sec, or from about 0.27 g/sec, or from about 0.28 g/sec, or
from about 0.29 g/sec, or from about 0.30 g/sec, or from about 0.31
g/sec, or from about 0.32 g/sec, or from about 0.33 g/sec, or from
about 0.34 g/sec, or from about 0.35 g/sec, or from about 0.36
g/sec, or from about 0.37 g/sec, or from about 0.38 g/sec, or from
about 0.39 g/sec, or from about 0.40 g/sec to about 0.44 g/sec, or
to about 0.43 g/sec, to about 0.42 g/sec, to about 0.41 g/sec, or
to about 0.40 g/sec, or to about 0.39 g/sec, or to about 0.38
g/sec. In at least one embodiment, the delivery rate is from about
0.28 g/sec to about 0.45 g/sec. In at least one embodiment, the
delivery rate is from about 0.36 g/sec to about 0.44 g/sec.
[0132] The descriptions vis-a-vis the aspects described above apply
to and are suitable mutatis mutandis for this aspect as well.
Exemplified Embodiment of the 3.sup.rd Aspect
[0133] At least one embodiment relates to a method of styling hair
comprising: [0134] i. providing the product according to the first
aspect; and [0135] ii. causing the product to spray at a delivery
rate, wherein the delivery rate is from about 0.28 g/sec to about
0.45 g/sec; and wherein an ejected composition is sprayed, wherein
the ejected composition consists of particles having an average
particle size distribution (Dv50) of from 40 micron to 100 micron,
or from about 60 micron to about 90 micron.
EXAMPLES
[0136] The following examples further describe and demonstrate
embodiments within the scope of the present invention. The examples
are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be
construed as limitations of the present invention, as many
variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit
and scope of the invention.
Example Hairstyling Formulations (Before Propellant)
TABLE-US-00002 [0137] A B C D E F G H Acrylates Copolymer .sup.1
12.3% 4.8% 8.4% -- -- -- -- -- Polyurethane-14/AMP- -- 4.8% 2.1%
14.9% 11% -- -- -- acrylates polymer blend .sup.2 Octylacrylamide/
-- -- 1.2% -- 2.0% -- -- -- Acrylates/ Butylaminoethyl/
Methacrylate Copolymer .sup.4 Vinylpyrrolidone/Vinyl -- -- -- -- --
10.8% -- 9.58% acetate Copolymer .sup.5 Methacrylic acid/ -- 2.40%
-- -- -- -- -- -- hydroxyethylmethacrylate/ various acrylate esters
.sup.3 Polyquaternium-16 .sup.6 -- -- -- -- -- -- 6.7% -- Chitosan
.sup.7 -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.25% -- Hydroxyethylcellulose -- -- -- --
-- -- -- 0.83% dimethyldiallyammonium chloride [PQ4] .sup.8
2-aminomethyl 0.78% 1.36% 1.45% -- -- -- -- -- propanol (AMP)
Formic Acid -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.40% -- Fragrance 0.03% 0.10% 0.10%
0.10% 0.10% 0.18% 0.15% 0.2% Dehyquart A-CA/ 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% --
0.40% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% Detex (cationic surfactant) Dehydol LS 4 Deo N
0.1% 0.1% -- 0.10% -- -- -- 0.10% (Non-ionic surfactant) PEG-12
dimethicone 0.10% -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Disodium EDTA 0.13% 0.13%
0.13% 0.13% 0.13% 0.13% 0.13% 0.13% Phenoxyethanol 0.50% 0.50%
0.50% 0.50% 0.50% 0.50% 0.50% 0.50% Methylparaben 0.10% 0.10% 0.10%
0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% Water QSP QSP QSP QSP QSP QSP QSP QSP
KEY: .sup.1 = Balance CR; .sup.2 = DynamX H20; .sup.3 = Acudyne
1000; .sup.4 = Amphomer; .sup.5 = Luviskol VA64; .sup.6 = Luviquat
FC550; .sup.7 = Hydagen .RTM. HCMF; .sup.8 = Celquat L-200.
[0138] The percentages in the table are as a percent of the active
polymer raw material in water. The final hairstyling polymer
concentration in the hairspray product is diluted by the amount of
propellant added to the can. The propellant may be in an amount of
from about 35% to about 50%, by total weight of the hairstyling
formulation and propellant. The propellant amount chosen for the
example formulations above is 40% dimethyl ether (DME), by total
weight of the hairstyling formulation and propellant.
Experimental
[0139] Table 2 depicts example alcohol-free hairspray products
compared to two conventional alcohol-based hairspray products to
illustrate the interconnected combination of the formulation
polymer level, delivery rate, and formula viscosity limit aspects
mentioned herein. Product examples 1 through 6 in the table below
are based on the same hairstyling formulation, which is Example A
of Table 1, and were prepared as 60% hairstyling formulation and
40% DME propellant. The amount of hairstyling polymer, however,
differs.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Amount of % water .sup.~Average Kinematic
Amount of hairstyling in total Amount particle size viscosity of
*Amount of Valve/ .sup.~Delivery hairstyling formulation hairspray
of water distribution hairstyling hairstyling nozzle rate polymer
per and propellant composition dispensed (Dv50) in formulation
Product polymer (%) description (g/sec) use .sup.# (g) per use (g)
dispensed per use (g) micron (cSt) X 3 A 0.8 0.186 6.2 3.10 0.19 54
15-30 Y 8 B 0.55 0.341 4.3 35.00 1.51 93 15-30 1 6 C 0.4 0.186 3.1
52.60 1.63 38 2.83 2 4.8 D 0.25 0.091 1.9 54.74 1.04 42 1.97 3 4.8
N/A 0.6 0.226 4.7 53.19 2.50 N/A 1.97 4 6 E 0.25 0.116 1.9 54.74
1.04 38 2.83 5 8-10 D 0.25 0.190 1.9 49.47 0.94 N/A 7-19 6 7.4 F
0.35 0.203 2.7 51.48 1.39 68 5.00 Enough Acceptable drying
Concentrate viscosity polymer time on hair? low enough to spray
delivered (Not too much through valve/ Product for hold? water
delivered) actuator package Observations on performance X
Ethanol-based control Y Ethanol-based control 1 YES NO YES
Unacceptable and sticky drying time from too much water dispensed.
Minimal hold from low polymer amount needed for hold dispensed. 2
NO YES YES Acceptable drying time from low level of water
dispensed. Poor hold from not enough polymer dispensed. 3 YES NO
YES Very high level of water dispensed. Poor hold from immediate
over-wetting of hairstyle with sticky/tacky feel and slow drying
despite enough polymer dispensed. 4 LOW YES YES Acceptable drying
time from low level of water dispensed. Low hold from low level of
polymer dispensed. 5 YES YES NO Not able to dispense from high
viscosity of hairspray formulation. Poor spraying (sputtering then
clogged). 6 YES YES YES Excellent drying time and hold from the
right balance of enough polymer for hold and not too much water for
acceptable dry time dispensed. KEY: *= in the hairstyling
formulation; .sup.~= of the ejected composition; .sup.# = one use
is 7.75 sec in duration; X = Wellaflex Level 3 Strong Hold
hairspray (~45% ethanol); Y = Herbal Essences Volumizing Max Hold
hairspray (~25% ethanol); A-F = see Table 3 below; N/A = not
applicable i.e. not measurable or paper example.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 3 Explanation of "Valve/nozzle description" in
Table 2 Valve tail Dip tube Channel Stem piece inner number and
orifice, mm orifice, mm diameter, dimensions, Insert orifice,
Valve/nozzle (inch) (inch) mm (inch) mm (inch) mm (inch) A 0.32
(0.013) 2.0 (0.078) 3.1 (0.122) None 0.48 (0.019) B 0.41 (0.016)
0.41 (0.016) 3.1 (0.122) 1 channel, 0.50 (0.020) 0.25 (0.010) C
0.25 (0.010) 1.27 (0.05) 1.5 (0.059) 1 channel, 0.33 (0.013) 0.33
(0.013) D 0.33 (0.013) 1.0 (0.039) 1.0 (0.039) 2 channels: 0.33
(0.013) + 0.25 (0.010) .times. flow restrictor 0.33 (0.013) E 0.33
(0.013) 1.0 (0.039) 1.0 (0.039) 2 channels: 0.33 (0.013) 0.25
(0.010) .times. 0.33 (0.013) F 0.33 (0.013) 1.0 (0.039) 1.0 (0.039)
2 channels: 0.50 (0.020) 0.25 (0.010) .times. 0.33 (0.013)
Analysis of Table 2:
[0140] Products X and Y are ethanol-based control hairspray
products. [0141] Product 1: uses valve/nozzle C, which comprises
only 1 vapour tap, which is somewhat different from the "at least
two vapour taps" claimed. [0142] Product 2: the hairstyling
formulation comprises only 4.8% hairstyling polymer by total weight
of the hairstyling formulation and propellant, which is somewhat
different from the amount claimed. [0143] Product 3: the
hairstyling formulation comprises only 4.8% hairstyling polymer by
total weight of the hairstyling formulation and propellant, which
is somewhat different from the amount claimed. [0144] Product 5:
the hairstyling formulation (without propellant) has a kinematic
viscosity of 7 to 19 cSt, which is somewhat different from the
kinematic viscosity claimed. Conclusions from Table 2:
[0145] Of the spraying device features, hairstyling polymer level
and hairstyling formulation kinematic viscosities evaluated, only
the specific combination in product 6 meet all the criteria for a
water-based hairspray that has excellent performance. Product 4
differs from product 6 in that the actuator insert orifice is
larger for the latter versus the former. Product 4 provides low
hold. Product 6 performs better because it delivers higher hair
hold. Product 6 has a valve comprising two vapour taps. These are
important for reducing the delivery rate, which is important for
not overdosing the hair with wetness/water and is a special and new
discovery since it is specific for research in the context of
water-based hairsprays. The delivery rate must however be optimally
balanced with the hairstyling polymer level in the hairstyling
formulation in order to deliver enough polymer onto the hair for
sufficient hairstyle hold performance. Furthermore, the kinematic
viscosity of the hairstyling formulation is important in order for
it to be sprayed through the orifices with sufficient mechanical
break-up yet without clogging.
Analysis of Shernov (U.S. Pat. No. 5,304,368)
[0146] The disclosure of reference Shernov is tested. In section F
(column 4) of Shernov, it is stated that a valve having the
following dimensions (lines 55-62) was used: stem orifice 0.011'';
vapor tap: 0.016''; capilliary tubing ID: 0.040''. Shernov states
that each container was fitted with an actuator having a 0.018-inch
exit orifice. It then goes on to state (lines 65-66 of column 4)
that spray rate "was about 0.4 g/second" and the "particle size of
the spray was about 50 microns". In the Example section in column 5
of Shernov, results of testing are shown in a table at the foot of
this column.
[0147] To test the accuracy of the disclosure of Shernov, four
hairspray products are created using the spraying device and
packaging information disclosed in Shernov: Can 1; Can 2; Can 3 and
Can 4. Can 1 comprises 7.2% hairstyling polymer and 34% propellant
(DME); Can 2 comprises 7.2% hairstyling polymer and 40% propellant
(DME); Can 3 comprises 6.15% hairstyling polymer and 34% propellant
(DME); Can 4 comprises 6.15% hairstyling polymer and 40% propellant
(DME). The hairstyling polymer used is a water-soluble hairstyling
polymer according to the present invention. All four cans (Can 1 to
4) are found to demonstrate unacceptable performance. In
particular, the spray properties are found to vary greatly between
the different cans and also vary dramatically as the hairspray
formulation is gradually used up. Present FIG. 4 as attached
herewith shows the relationship of pressure (axis Y, in psig
[pounds per square inch]) versus percentage of can contents
remaining (axis X, %). The percentage of the x axis is calculated
by weight. Five different graphs are shown in present FIG. 4:
graphs 1-4 and 5 (see legend). Graphs 1 to 4 relate to cans 1 to 4
(measured values) and can 5 is a graph created using the numbers in
the Table at the foot of column 5 disclosed in Shernov. For
example, in said Table in Shernov, it states that the product
therein described should have a pressure of 61 psig when it is 1/4
full i.e. 25% full. Indeed, the graph 5 shows a very flat graph and
the pressure reduces minimally from 100% to 25% X. However, for
Cans 1 to 4, the picture is somewhat different: the curves are not
flat and show a dramatic pressure drop from 100% X to 50% X. In
other words, the can pressure reduces significantly between a full
can and a half full can. Unsurprisingly, the quality and features
of the composition ejected from these cans varies wildly. It is not
possible to state a specific delivery rate and/or average particle
size distribution (Dv50) provided by any one of cans 1 to 4 because
of the dramatic fluctuations as the hairstyling formulation is used
up. Furthermore, significant problems with clogging and streaming
are observed that made measurements of such properties difficult.
In all cases, however, a delivery rate of below 0.2 g/sec (or no
delivery rate due to clogging) is observed for all of cans 1 to 4
with about 50% X or less.
[0148] The values in the Table at the foot of column 5 disclosed in
Shernov are not reproduced. Hence, it is concluded that the
disclosure of Shernov is erroneous and its teaching would be
discarded as irrelevant by the person having ordinary skill in the
art.
[0149] The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be
understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values
recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension
is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally
equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension
disclosed as "40 mm" is intended to mean "about 40 mm"
[0150] Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced
or related patent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by
reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise
limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it
is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed
herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other
reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such
invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of
a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of
the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning
or definition assigned to that term in this document shall
govern.
[0151] While particular embodiments of the present invention have
been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those
skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can
be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims
all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of
this invention.
* * * * *