U.S. patent application number 15/973845 was filed with the patent office on 2018-09-13 for method of treating hair with a concentrated conditioner.
The applicant listed for this patent is The Procter & Gamble Company. Invention is credited to Robert Wayne GLENN, JR., Dariush HOSSEINPOUR, Kathleen Mary KAUFMAN.
Application Number | 20180256481 15/973845 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 53484196 |
Filed Date | 2018-09-13 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180256481 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
GLENN, JR.; Robert Wayne ;
et al. |
September 13, 2018 |
Method of Treating Hair with a Concentrated Conditioner
Abstract
A method of treating the hair including providing a concentrated
hair care composition in an aerosol foam dispenser. The
concentrated hair care composition includes one or more silicones,
perfume, and less than 10% high melting point fatty compounds. The
method also includes dispensing the concentrated hair care
composition from the aerosol foam dispenser as a dosage of foam;
applying the foam to the hair; and rinsing the foam from the hair.
The foam has a density of from about 0.025 g/cm.sup.3 to about 0.40
g/cm.sup.3 when dispensed from the aerosol foam dispenser.
Inventors: |
GLENN, JR.; Robert Wayne;
(Liberty Twp., OH) ; KAUFMAN; Kathleen Mary;
(Cincinnati, OH) ; HOSSEINPOUR; Dariush; (Mason,
OH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
The Procter & Gamble Company |
Cincinnati |
OH |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
53484196 |
Appl. No.: |
15/973845 |
Filed: |
May 8, 2018 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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14739588 |
Jun 15, 2015 |
9993419 |
|
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15973845 |
|
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62012614 |
Jun 16, 2014 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 2800/21 20130101;
A61K 8/898 20130101; A61K 8/06 20130101; A61K 8/31 20130101; A61Q
5/12 20130101; A61K 2800/54 20130101; A61K 8/062 20130101; A61K
8/92 20130101; A61K 8/046 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/898 20060101
A61K008/898; A61K 8/06 20060101 A61K008/06; A61K 8/92 20060101
A61K008/92; A61Q 5/12 20060101 A61Q005/12; A61K 8/04 20060101
A61K008/04; A61K 8/31 20060101 A61K008/31 |
Claims
1. A concentrated conditioner composition comprising: a. from about
4 wt. % to about 12 wt. % of silicone, selected from the group
consisting of amino morpholino silicones, aminosilicones,
quaternary ammonium polyalkylene oxide silicones, and combinations
thereof; wherein the particle size of the one or more silicones is
from about 1 nm to about 300 nm; b. less than 6 wt. % of one or
more fatty alcohols selected from the group consisting of cetyl
alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof; c.
from about 1 wt. % to about 6 wt. % perfume; d. from about 60 wt. %
to about 90 wt. % water; e. from about 1 wt. % to about 12 wt. %
aerosol propellant; wherein the concentrated conditioner
composition comprises a liquid phase viscosity of from about 1
centipoise to about 8000 centipoise.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the aerosol propellant is
selected from the group consisting of propane, n-butane, isobutane,
cyclopropane, and mixtures thereof.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition comprises a
liquid phase viscosity of Born about 1 centipoise to about 2500
centipoise.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition comprises a
liquid phase viscosity of from about 10 centipoise to about 1500
centipoise.
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition comprises a
viscosity of about 15 centipoise to about 1000 centipoise.
6. The composition of claim 1 where in the particle size of the
silicone is from about 8 nm to about 200 nm.
7. The composition of claim 1 where in the particle size of the
silicone is from about 1 nm to about 100 nm.
8. The composition of claim 1 wherein composition comprises from
about 1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % of one or more fatty alcohols.
9. The composition of claim 1 further comprising from about 0.25
wt. % to about 5 wt. % cationic surfactant.
10. The composition of claim 9 wherein the cationic surfactant
comprises behentrimonium methosulfate.
11. A concentrated conditioner composition comprising: a. from
about 4 wt. % to about 12 wt. % of an aminosilicone; wherein the
particle size of the aminosilicone is from about 1 nm to about 100
nm; b. from about 1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % of one or more fatty
alcohols selected from the group consisting of cetyl alcohol,
stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof; c. from
about 0.25 wt. % to about 5 wt. % behentrimonium methosulfate; d.
from about 1 wt. % to about 6 wt. % perfume; e. from about 60 wt. %
to about 90 wt. % water; f. from about 1 wt. % to about 12 wt. %
aerosol propellant; wherein the concentrated conditioner
composition comprises a liquid phase viscosity of from about 1
centipoise to about 2500 centipoise.
12. The composition of claim 11 wherein the composition comprises a
liquid phase viscosity of from about 10 centipoise to about 1500
centipoise.
13. The composition of claim 11 wherein the composition comprises a
viscosity of about 15 centipoise to about 1000 centipoise.
14. The concentrated conditioner composition of claim 11 wherein
the composition comprises from about 1.5 wt. % to about 3.0 wt. %
fatty alcohol.
15. The composition of claim 11 wherein the aerosol propellant is
selected from the group consisting of propane, n-butane, isobutane,
cyclopropane, and mixtures thereof.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] Described herein is a method of treating hair with a
concentrated hair conditioning composition provided in an aerosol
foam dispenser.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Today's hair conditioners almost universally comprise high
levels of high melting point fatty compounds, the most common of
which are C16 to C18 fatty alcohols. These high melting point fatty
compounds are employed as structuring agents wherein they are
combined with one or more surfactants and an aqueous carrier to
form a gel network. The gel network provides a viscous and high
yield point rheology which facilitates the dispensing of the
conditioner from a bottle or tube and the subsequent distribution
and spreading of the product through the hair by the consumer. The
gel network structuring also enables incorporation of silicones,
perfumes and oils in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion that is
phase stable. These silicones and oils are intended to be deposited
on the hair to provide the primary hair conditioning benefits
including wet and dry combing friction reduction and hair
manageability etc.
[0003] However, today's gel network hair conditioners lead to
excessive co-deposits of the high melting point fatty compound on
the hair over multiple cycles. Additionally, the deposited high
melting point fatty compounds build-up on hair over multiple cycles
and lead to significant waxy build-up on hair and hair weigh down.
Indeed, one of the major consumer complaints with hair conditioners
is waxy residue which makes hair look greasy or feel heavy. Many
current gel network hair conditioners deposit up to 10 times more
high melting point fatty compounds (fatty alcohols) than silicone
or oil after approximately 10 treatment cycles in technical
testing. While not being bound to theory, this is hypothesized to
be due to the .about.10.times. greater concentration of high
melting point weight fatty compounds in the product relative to the
silicone or oil. Such a high level of melting point fatty compounds
(fatty alcohols) may be required to produce a shelf stable gel
network with sufficient structuring for consumer acceptable
viscosity and rheology.
[0004] Described herein is a concentrated hair care composition
that enables new product opportunities and consumer benefits by
addressing the current disadvantages associated with gel network
conditioners. Is has been found that concentrated and ultra-low
viscosity hair conditioner compositions can be delivered to the
hair in foamed form. These new concentrated silicone nanoemulsion
compositions enable sufficient dosage from a foam delivery form
while also eliminating the need for high melting point fatty
compounds or other "insoluble" structurants that can lead to
significant co-deposits, build-up and weigh down of hair. The net
result has been a step change improvement in silicone deposition
purity versus today's rinse-off products and an improvement in
technical performance benefits from such a pure and transparent
deposited silicone layer. These benefits include multicycle hair
conditioning without hair weigh down, durable conditioning, reduced
hair dye fade, and increased color vibrancy.
[0005] Nanoemulsion technology development is hindered by complex
stability issues that emerge when droplet sizes are driven to the
nanoscale. This may be especially problematic in the presence of
higher levels of perfume oils which may be required for such a
concentrated product. The concentrated hair care composition
described herein is therefor also focused on improved
stability.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] Described herein is a method of treating the hair, the
method comprising (1) providing a concentrated hair care
composition in an aerosol foam dispenser, wherein the concentrated
hair care composition comprises (a) from about 3% to about 22% of
one or more silicones, by weight of the concentrated hair care
composition, wherein the particle size of the one or more silicones
is from about 1 nm to about 300 nm; (b) less than 10% high melting
point fatty compounds, by weight of the concentrated hair care
composition; (c) from about 1% to about 12% propellant, by weight
of the concentrated hair care composition; (d) from about 0.5% to
about 7% perfume, by weight of the concentrated hair care
composition; and (e) from about 75% to about 95% water, and in one
embodiment from about 60% to about 90% water, by weight of the
concentrated hair care composition; wherein the concentrated hair
care composition has a liquid phase viscosity of from about 1
centipoise to about 15,000 centipoise; wherein the concentrated
hair care composition has silicone to high melting point fatty
compound ratio of from about 100:0 to about 50:50; and wherein the
concentrated hair care composition has a silicone to perfume ratio
of from about 98:2 to about 50:50; (2) dispensing the concentrated
hair care composition from the aerosol foam dispenser as a foam;
(3) applying the foam to the hair; and (4) rinsing the foam from
the hair; wherein the foam has a density of from about 0.025
g/cm.sup.3 to about 0.15 g/cm.sup.3, and alternatively from about
0.025 g/cm.sup.3 to about 0.30 g/cm.sup.3, when dispensed from the
aerosol foam dispenser.
[0007] Also described herein is an aerosol foam dispenser
comprising a concentrated hair care composition, the concentrated
hair care composition comprising (1) from about 3% to about 22% of
an oil, by weight of the concentrated hair care composition,
wherein the particle size of the oil is from about 1 nm to about
300 nm; (2) less than 10% high melting point fatty compounds, by
weight of the concentrated hair care composition; (3) from about 1%
to about 12% propellant; (4) from about 0.5% to about 7% perfume,
by weight of the concentrated hair care composition; and (5) from
about 75% to about 95% water, and in an embodiment from about 60%
to about 90% water, by weight of the concentrated hair care
composition; wherein the concentrated hair care composition has a
liquid phase viscosity of from about 1 centipoise to about 15,000
centipoise; wherein the concentrated hair care composition has
silicone to high melting point fatty compound ratio of from about
100:0 to about 50:50; wherein the concentrated hair care
composition has a silicone to perfume ratio of from about 98:2 to
about 50:50; wherein the foam has a density of from about 0.025
g/cm.sup.3 to about 0.15 g/cm.sup.3, and alternatively from about
0.025 g/cm.sup.3 to about 0.40 g/cm.sup.3, when dispensed from the
aerosol foam dispenser; and wherein the concentrated hair care
composition is rinse-off.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] While the specification concludes with claims, it is
believed that the same will be better understood from the following
description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in
which:
[0009] FIG. 1 is an SEM image of hair treated with a Pantene
Clarifying Shampoo plus a Pantene Anti-breakage Conditioner;
[0010] FIG. 2 is an SEM image of hair treated with a Pantene
Clarifying Shampoo plus the aerosol foam conditioner of Example 1
from Table 2;
[0011] FIG. 3 is an SEM image of hair treated with a Pantene
Clarifying Shampoo plus the aerosol foam conditioner of Example 2
from Table 2;
[0012] FIG. 4 is an SEM image of hair treated with a Pantene
Clarifying Shampoo plus the aerosol foam conditioner of Example 3
from Table 2;
[0013] FIG. 5 is an SEM image of hair treated with a Pantene
Clarifying Shampoo plus the aerosol foam conditioner of Example 4
from Table 2;
[0014] FIG. 6 is an SEM image of hair treated with Foam Shampoo 1
from Table 1 plus the aerosol foam conditioner of Example 2 from
Table 2; and
[0015] FIG. 7 is an SEM image of hair treated with Foam Shampoo 2
from Table 1 plus the aerosol foam conditioner of Example 2 from
Table 2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0016] While the specification concludes with claims particularly
pointing out and distinctly claiming the invention, it is believed
that the present invention will be better understood from the
following description.
[0017] As used herein, the articles including "a" and "an" when
used in a claim, are understood to mean one or more of what is
claimed or described.
[0018] As used herein, "comprising" means that other steps and
other ingredients which do not affect the end result can be added.
This term encompasses the terms "consisting of" and "consisting
essentially of".
[0019] As used herein, "mixtures" is meant to include a simple
combination of materials and any compounds that may result from
their combination.
[0020] As used herein, "molecular weight" or "M.Wt." refers to the
weight average molecular weight unless otherwise stated.
[0021] As used herein, the terms "include," "includes," and
"including," are meant to be non-limiting and are understood to
mean "comprise," "comprises," and "comprising," respectively.
[0022] As used herein, the term "concentrated" means a hair care
composition comprising from about 5% to about 22% of one or more
silicones, by weight of the hair care composition.
[0023] As used herein, the term "nanoemulsion" means an
oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion with an average particle size ranging
from about 1 nm to about 100 nm. The particle size referred to
herein is z-average measured by dynamic light scattering. The
nanoemulsion described herein may be prepared by the following
methods: (1) mechanically breaking down the emulsion droplet size;
(2) spontaneously forming the emulsion (may be referred to as a
microemulsion in the literature); and (3) using emulsion
polymerization to achieve average particle size in the target range
described herein.
[0024] All percentages, parts and ratios are based upon the total
weight of the compositions of the present invention, unless
otherwise specified. All such weights as they pertain to listed
ingredients are based on the active level and, therefore, do not
include carriers or by-products that may be included in
commercially available materials.
[0025] Unless otherwise noted, all component or composition levels
are in reference to the active portion of that component or
composition, and are exclusive of impurities, for example, residual
solvents or by-products, which may be present in commercially
available sources of such components or compositions.
[0026] It should be understood that every maximum numerical
limitation given throughout this specification includes every lower
numerical limitation, as if such lower numerical limitations were
expressly written herein. Every minimum numerical limitation given
throughout this specification will include every higher numerical
limitation, as if such higher numerical limitations were expressly
written herein. Every numerical range given throughout this
specification will include every narrower numerical range that
falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower
numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.
Hair Care Composition
[0027] The method of treating the hair described herein comprises
providing a concentrated hair care composition in an aerosol foam
dispenser. The concentrated hair care composition may comprise one
or more silicones and perfume.
[0028] A. Silicone Deposition Purity
[0029] The method of treating hair comprises dispensing the
concentrated hair care composition described herein from the
aerosol foam dispenser as a dosage of foam. The foam may comprise a
silicone deposition purity of from about 40% to about 100%,
alternatively from about 50% to about 100%, alternatively from
about 60% to about 100%, alternatively from about 70% to about
100%, and alternatively from about 80% to about 100%, after
applying the foam to the hair and rinsing the foam from the
hair.
[0030] Deposition Purity is determined by the ratio of silicone
deposited per weight of hair to the total deposition of other
ingredients per weight of hair. Silicone is determined by either
extraction or digestion of the hair followed by an analysis with a
quantitative elemental technique such as ICP for total silicon and
converting to silicone based on the % of silicon in the silicone by
weight. The total deposition may be determined by the sum of
separate deposition measurements or by a Single Inclusive
Measurement of total deposition. The separate deposition
measurements may include but are not limited to: fatty alcohols,
EGDS, quaternized agents and silicone. Typically these measurements
involve extracting the hair then separating the ingredients of
interest with chromatography and quantifying with an externally
calibration based on test solution concentration. The Single
Inclusive Measurement of total deposition is gravimetric. The hair
is thoroughly extracted and the residue determined by weighing the
dissolved residue in the extract after evaporating the solvent.
This residue contains both deposited ingredients and naturally
occurring extractable compounds from the hair (primarily lipids).
The naturally occurring extractable compounds are quantified and
subtracted from the total. These include: fatty acids, squalene,
cholesterol, ceramides, wax esters, triglycerides and sterol
esters. The method of quantitation is similar to the deposition
measurements. Other supporting evidence of Deposition Purity may
include spectroscopic or topography mapping of the hair
surface.
[0031] B. Silicones
[0032] The concentrated hair care composition may comprise from
about 5% to about 20%, alternatively from about 8% to about 18%,
and alternatively from about 10% to about 14% of one or more
silicones, by weight of the concentrated hair care composition. In
a further embodiment, the hair care composition may comprise from
about 3% to about 25%, alternatively from about 4% to about 20%,
alternatively from about 5% to about 15% of one or more silicones,
and alternatively from about 6% to about 12% by weight of the
concentrated hair care composition. The particle size of the one or
more silicones may be from about 1 nm to about 100 nm,
alternatively from about 5 nm to about 80 nm, alternatively from
about 10 nm to about 60 nm, and alternatively from about 12 nm to
about 50 nm. In a further embodiment, the particle size of the one
or more silicones may be from about 1 nm to about 500 nm,
alternatively from about 5 nm to about 300 nm, alternatively from
about 8 nm to about 200 nm, and alternatively from about 10 nm to
about 100 nm.
[0033] The particle size of the one or more silicones may be
measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). A Malvern Zetasizer
Nano ZEN3600 system (www.malvern.com) using He--Ne laser 633 nm may
be used for the measurement at 25.degree. C. Prior low level
centrifugation may be required on opaque formulas comprising larger
insoluble structures (e.g., fatty alcohols) that would need to be
isolated from the emulsion particles.
[0034] The autocorrelation function may be analyzed using the
Zetasizer Software provided by Malvern Instruments, which
determines the effective hydrodynamic radius, using the
Stokes-Einstein equation:
D = k B T 6 .pi..eta. R ##EQU00001##
wherein k.sub.B is the Boltzmann Constant, T is the absolute
temperature, is the viscosity of the medium, D is the mean
diffusion coefficient of the scattering species, and R is the
hydrodynamic radius of particles.
[0035] Particle size (i.e. hydrodynamic radius) may be obtained by
correlating the observed speckle pattern that arises due to
Brownian motion and solving the Stokes-Einstein equation, which
relates the particle size to the measured diffusion constant, as is
known in the art.
[0036] Other methods known in the art may also be employed to
measure particle size including cryo-SEM, cryo-TEM, and
lazer-diffraction methods.
[0037] For each sample, 3 measurements may be made and Z-average
values may be reported as the particle size.
[0038] In an embodiment, the one or more silicones may be in the
form of a nanoemulsion. A nanoemulsion, as defined herein, is an
emulsion wherein the particle size is below 100 nm. The
nanoemulsion may comprise any silicone suitable for application to
the skin and/or hair. In one embodiment, from about 25% to about
100% of the one or more silicones is in the form of a nanoemulsion,
in another embodiment from about 50% to about 100% of the one or
more silicones is in the form of a nanoemulsion, and in another
embodiment from about 75% to about 100% of the one or more
silicones is in the form of a nanoemulsion.
[0039] In an embodiment, the one or more silicones may include in
their molecular structure polar functional groups such as Si--OH
(present in dimethiconols), primary amines, secondary amines,
tertiary amines, and quaternary ammonium salts. The one or more
silicones may be selected from the group consisting of
aminosilicones, pendant quaternary ammonium silicones, terminal
quaternary ammonium silicones, amino polyalkylene oxide silicones,
quaternary ammonium polyalkylene oxide silicones, and amino
morpholino silicones.
[0040] The one or more silicones may comprise:
(a) at least one aminosilicone corresponding to formula (V):
R'.sub.aG.sub.3-a-Si(OSiG.sub.2).sub.n-(OSiGbR'.sub.2-b).sub.m--O--SiG.s-
ub.3-a-R'.sub.a (I)
[0041] in which:
G is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, OH group, and
C1-C8 alkyl groups, for example methyl, a is an integer ranging
from 0 to 3, and in one embodiment a is 0, b is chosen from 0 and
1, and in one embodiment b is 1, m and n are numbers such that the
sum (n+m) can range for example from 1 to 2 000, such as for
example from 50 to 150, wherein n can be for example chosen from
numbers ranging from 0 to 1 999, such as for example from 49 to
149, and wherein m can be chosen from numbers ranging for example
from 1 to 2 000, such as for example from 1 to 10; R' is a
monovalent group of formula --C.sub.qH.sub.2qL in which q is a
number from 2 to 8 and L is an optionally quaternized amine group
chosen from the groups:
--NR''--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--N'(R.sup.1).sub.2,
--N(R'').sub.2,
[0042] --N.sup.+(R'').sub.3A.sup.-, --N.sup.+H(R'').sub.2A.sup.-,
--N.sup.+H.sub.2(R'')A.sup.-, and
--N(R'')--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2N.sup.+R''H.sub.2A.sup.-, in which R''
can be chosen from a hydrogen atom, phenyl groups, benzyl groups,
and saturated monovalent hydrocarbon-based groups, such as for
example an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and
A.sup.- is chosen from halide ions such as, for example, fluoride,
chloride, bromide and iodide.
[0043] In an embodiment, the one or more silicones may include
those corresponding to formula (1) wherein a=0, G=methyl, m and n
are numbers such that the sum (n+m) can range for example from 1 to
2 000, such as for example from 50 to 150, wherein n can be for
example chosen from numbers ranging from 0 to 1 999, such as for
example from 49 to 149, and wherein m can be chosen from numbers
ranging for example from 1 to 2 000, such as for example from 1 to
10; and L is --N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 or --NH.sub.2, alternatively
--NH.sub.2.
Additional said at least one aminosilicone of the invention
include: (b) pendant quaternary ammonium silicones of formula
(VII):
##STR00001##
in which: R.sub.5 is chosen from monovalent hydrocarbon-based
groups comprising from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, such as
C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkyl groups and C.sub.2-C.sub.18 alkenyl groups,
for example methyl; R.sub.6 is chosen from divalent
hydrocarbon-based groups, such as divalent C.sub.1-C.sub.18
alkylene groups and divalent C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkylenoxy groups,
for example C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylenoxy groups, wherein said R.sub.6
is bonded to the Si by way of an SiC bond; Q.sup.- is an anion that
can be for example chosen from halide ions, such as chloride, and
organic acid salts (such as acetate); r is an average statistical
value ranging from 2 to 20, such as from 2 to 8; s is an average
statistical value ranging from 20 to 200, such as from 20 to
50.
[0044] Such aminosilicones are described more particularly in U.S.
Pat. No. 4,185,087, the disclosure of which is incorporated by
reference herein.
[0045] A silicone which falls within this class is the silicone
sold by the company Union Carbide under the name "Ucar Silicone ALE
56".
[0046] Further examples of said at least one aminosilicone
include:
c) quaternary ammonium silicones of formula (VIIb):
##STR00002##
in which: groups R.sub.7, which may be identical or different, are
each chosen from monovalent hydrocarbon-based groups comprising
from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, such as C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkyl groups,
for example methyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.18 alkenyl groups, and rings
comprising 5 or 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.6 is chosen from divalent
hydrocarbon-based groups, such as divalent C.sub.1-C.sub.18
alkylene groups and divalent C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkylenoxy, for
example C.sub.1-C.sub.8, group connected to the Si by an SiC bond;
R.sub.8, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen
atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon-based group comprising from 1 to 18
carbon atoms, and in particular a C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkyl group, a
C.sub.2-C.sub.18 alkenyl group or a group --R.sub.6--NHCOR.sub.7;
X.sup.- is an anion such as a halide ion, in particular chloride,
or an organic acid salt (acetate, etc.); r represents an average
statistical value from 2 to 200 and in particular from 5 to 100.
Such silicones are described, for example, in application EP-A-0
530 974, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference
herein. Silicones falling within this class are the silicones sold
by the company Goldschmidt under the names Abil Quat 3270, Abil
Quat 3272 and Abil Quat 3474. Further examples of said at least one
aminosilicone include: d) quaternary ammonium and polyalkylene
oxide silicones wherein the quaternary nitrogen groups are located
in the polysiloxane backbone, at the termini, or both. Such
silicones are described in PCT Publication No. WO 2002/010257, the
disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein. Siliciones
falling within this class are the silicones sold by the company
Momentive under the names Silsoft Q . . . . (e) Aminofunctional
silicones having morpholino groups of formula (V):
##STR00003##
in which [0047] A denotes a structural unit (I), (II), or (III)
bound via --O--
[0047] ##STR00004## [0048] or an oligomeric or polymeric residue,
bound via --O--, containing structural units of formulas (I), (II),
or (III), or half of a connecting oxygen atom to a structural unit
(III), or denotes --OH, [0049] * denotes a bond to one of the
structural units (I), (II), or (III), or denotes a terminal group B
(Si-bound) or D (0-bound), [0050] B denotes an --OH,
--O--Si(CH.sub.3).sub.3, --O--Si(CH.sub.3).sub.2OH,
--O--Si(CH.sub.3).sub.2OCH.sub.3 group, [0051] D denotes an --H,
--Si(CH.sub.3).sub.3, --Si(CH.sub.3).sub.2OH,
--Si(CH.sub.3).sub.2OCH.sub.3 group, [0052] a, b, and c denote
integers between 0 and 1000, with the provision that a+b+c>0,
[0053] m, n, and o denote integers between 1 and 1000.
[0054] Aminofunctional silicones of this kind bear the INCI name:
Amodimethicone/Morpholinomethyl Silsesquioxane Copolymer. A
particularly suitable amodimethicone is the product having the
commercial name Wacker Belsil.RTM. ADM 8301E.
[0055] Examples of such silicones are available from the following
suppliers: [0056] offered by the company Dow Corning: [0057]
Fluids: 2-8566, AP 6087, AP 6088, DC 8040 Fluid, fluid 8822A DC, DC
8803 & 8813 polymer, 7-6030, AP-8104, AP 8201; [0058]
Emulsions: CE-8170 AF Micro Emulsion, 2-8177, 2-8194 Microemulsion,
9224 Emulsion, 939, 949, 959, DC 5-7113 Quat Microemulsion, DC
5-7070 Emulsion, DC CE-8810, CE 8401 Emulsion, CE 1619, Dow Corning
Toray SS-3551, Dow Corning Toray SS-3552; [0059] offered by the
company Wacker: [0060] Wacker Belsil ADM 652, ADM 656, 1100, 1600,
1650 (fluids) ADM 6060 (linear amodimethicone) emulsion; ADM 6057 E
(branched amodimethicone) emulsion; ADM 8020 VP (micro emulsion);
SLM 28040 (micro emulsion); [0061] offered by the Company
Momentive: [0062] Silsoft 331, SF1708, SME 253 & 254
(emulsion), SM2125 (emulsion), SM 2658 (emulsion), Silsoft Q
(emulsion) [0063] offered by the company Shin-Etsu: [0064] KF-889,
KF-8675, KF-8004, X-52-2265 (emulsion); [0065] offered by the
Company Siltech Silicones: [0066] Siltech E-2145, E-Siltech
2145-35; [0067] offered by the company Evonik Industries: [0068]
Abil T Quat 60th
[0069] Some non-limiting examples of aminosilicones include the
compounds having the following INCI names: Silicone Quaternium-1,
Silicone Quaternium-2, Silicone Quaternium-3, Silicone
Quaternium-4, Silicone Quaternium-5, Silicone Quaternium-6,
Silicone Quaternium-7, Silicone Quaternium-8, Silicone
Quaternium-9, Silicone Quaternium-10, Silicone Quaternium-11,
Silicone Quaternium-12, Silicone Quaternium-15, Silicone
Quaternium-16, Silicone Quaternium-17, Silicone Quaternium-18,
Silicone Quaternium-20, Silicone Quaternium-21, Silicone
Quaternium-22, Quaternium-80, as well as Silicone Quaternium-2
Panthenol Succinate and Silicone Quaternium-16/Glycidyl Dimethicone
Crosspolymer.
[0070] In an embodiment, the aminosilicones can be supplied in the
form of a nanoemulsion and include MEM 9049, MEM 8177, MEM 0959,
MEM 8194, SME 253, and Silsoft Q.
[0071] In an embodiment, the one or more silicones may include
dimethicones, and/or dimethiconols. The dimethiconols are hydroxyl
terminated dimethylsilicones represented by the general chemical
formulas
##STR00005##
wherein R is an alkyl group (R may be methyl or ethyl) and x is an
integer up to about 500, chosen to achieve the desired molecular
weight. Commercial dimethiconols typically are sold as mixtures
with dimethicone or cyclomethicone (e.g., Dow Corning.RTM. 1401,
1402, and 1403 fluids).
[0072] C. Nonionic Emulsifiers
[0073] The concentrated hair care composition may comprise from
about 3% to about 20%, alternatively from about 5% to about 15%,
and alternatively from about 7.5% to about 12% of a nonionic
emulsifier, by weight of the concentrated hair care composition. In
an embodiment, the concentrated hair care composition may comprise
from about 0% to about 20%, alternatively from about 0.01% to about
20%, alternatively from about 1% to about 15%, alternatively from
about 2% to about 12%, alternatively from about 3% to about 10%,
and alternatively from about 4% to about 8% of a nonionic
emulsifier, by weight of the concentrated hair care composition.
Nonionic emulsifiers may be broadly defined as including compounds
containing an alkylene oxide groups (hydrophilic in nature) with a
hydrophobic compound, which may be aliphatic or alkyl aromatic in
nature. Examples of nonionic emulsifiers include:
[0074] 1. Alcohol ethoxylates which are condensation products of
aliphatic alcohols having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, in
either straight chain or branched chain configuration, with from
about 2 to about 35 moles of ethylene oxide, e.g., a coconut
alcohol ethylene oxide condensate having from about 2 to about 30
moles of ethylene oxide per mole of coconut alcohol, the coconut
alcohol fraction having from about 10 to about 14 carbon atom.
[0075] 2. The polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols,
e.g., the condensation products of the alkyl phenols having an
alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms in
either a straight chain or branched chain configuration, with
ethylene oxide, the said ethylene oxide being present in amounts
equal to from about 3 to about 60 moles of ethylene oxide per mole
of alkyl phenol.
[0076] 3. Those derived from the condensation of ethylene oxide
with the product resulting from the reaction of propylene oxide and
ethylene diamine products.
[0077] 4. Long chain tertiary amine oxides such as those
corresponding to the following general formula: R1 R2 R3 N-->O
wherein R1 contains an alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxy alkyl radical
of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10
ethylene oxide moieties, and from 0 to about 1 glyceryl moiety, and
R2 and R3 contain from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms and from 0
to about 1 hydroxy group, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl,
hydroxyethyl, or hydroxypropyl radicals (the arrow in the formula
represents a semipolar bond).
[0078] 5. Long chain tertiary phosphine oxides corresponding to the
following general formula: RR'R''P-->O wherein R contains an
alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxyalkyl radical ranging from about 8 to
about 18 carbon atoms in chain length, from 0 to about 10 ethylene
oxide moieties and from 0 to about 1 glyceryl moiety and R' and R''
are each alkyl or monohydroxyalkyl groups containing from about 1
to about 3 carbon atoms. The arrow in the formula represents a
semipolar bond.
[0079] 6. Long chain dialkyl sulfoxides containing one short chain
alkyl or hydroxy alkyl radical of from about 1 to about 3 carbon
atoms (usually methyl) and one long hydrophobic chain which include
alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxy alkyl, or keto alkyl radicals containing
from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene
oxide moieties and from 0 to about 1 glyceryl moiety.
[0080] 7. Polysorbates, e.g., sucrose esters of fatty acids. Such
materials are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,480,616, e.g., sucrose
cocoate (a mixture of sucrose esters of a coconut acid, consisting
primarily of monoesters, and sold under the tradenames GRILLOTEN
LSE 87K from RITA, and CRODESTA SL-40 from Croda).
[0081] 8. Alkyl polysaccharide nonionic emulsifiers are disclosed
in U.S. Pat. No. 4,565,647, Llenado, issued Jan. 21, 1986, having a
hydrophobic group containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms,
alternatively from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms and a
polysaccharide, e.g., a polyglycoside, hydrophilic group. The
polysaccharide can contain from about 1.0 to about 10,
alternatively from about 1.3 to about 3, and alternatively from
about 1.3 to about 2.7 saccharide units. Any reducing saccharide
containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms can be used, e.g., glucose,
galactose and galactosyl moieties can be substituted for the
glucosyl moieties. (Optionally the hydrophobic group is attached at
the 2-, 3-, 4-, etc. positions thus giving a glucose or galactose
as opposed to a glucoside or galactoside.) The intersaccharide
bonds can be, e.g., between the one position of the additional
saccharide units and the 2-, 3-, 4-, and/or 6-positions on the
preceding saccharide units. Optionally there can be a
polyalkyleneoxide chain joining the hydrophobic moiety and the
polysaccharide moiety. The alkyl group may contain up to about 3
hydroxy groups and/or the polyalkyleneoxide chain can contain up to
about 10, alternatively less than 5, alkylene moieties. Suitable
alkyl polysaccharides are octyl, nonyldecyl, undecyldodecyl,
tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, and
octadecyl, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexaglucosides,
galactosides, lactosides, glucoses, fructosides, fructoses and/or
galactoses.
[0082] 9. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) glyceryl fatty esters, as
depicted by the formula RC(O)OCH2 CH(OH)CH.sub.2 (OCH2 CH.sub.2)n
OH wherein n is from about 5 to about 200, alternatively from about
20 to about 100, alternatively from about 30 to about 85, and
RC(O)-- is an ester wherein R comprises an aliphatic radical having
from about 7 to 19 carbon atoms, alternatively from about 9 to 17
carbon atoms, alternatively from about 11 to 17 carbon atoms,
alternatively from about 11 to 14 carbon atoms. In an embodiment,
the combinations of n may be from about 20 to about 100, with
C12-C18, alternatively C12-C15 fatty esters, for minimized adverse
effect on foaming.
[0083] In an embodiment, the nonionic emulsifier may be a silicone
emulsifier. A wide variety of silicone emulsifiers may be useful
herein. These silicone emulsifiers are typically organically
modified siloxanes, also known to those skilled in the art as
silicone surfactants. Useful silicone emulsifiers include
dimethicone copolyols. These materials are polydimethyl siloxanes
which have been modified to include polyether side chains such as
polyethylene oxide chains, polypropylene oxide chains, mixtures of
these chains, and polyether chains containing moieties derived from
both ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Other examples include
alkyl-modified dimethicone copolyols, i.e., compounds which contain
C2-C30 pendant side chains. Still other useful dimethicone
copolyols include materials having various cationic, anionic,
amphoteric, and zwitterionic pendant moieties.
[0084] In an embodiment, the nonionic emulsifier may have a
hydrocarbon chain length of from about 16 to about 20 carbon atoms
and from about 20 to about 25 moles of ethoxylate.
[0085] In an embodiment, the nonionic emulsifier may have a
hydrocarbon chain length of from about 19 to about 11,
alternatively from about 9 to about 11 carbon atoms, and from about
2 to about 4 moles of ethoxylate.
[0086] In an embodiment, the nonionic emulsifier may comprise a
combination of (a) a nonionic emulsifier having a hydrocarbon chain
that is branched, has a length of from about 11 to about 15 carbon
atoms, and has from about 5 to about 9 moles of ethoxylate; and (b)
a nonionic emulsifier having a hydrocarbon chain that has a length
of from about 11 to about 13 carbon atoms and has from about 9 to
about 12 moles of ethoxylate.
[0087] The nanoemulsions used in this invention may be prepared by
two different methods: (1) mechanical, and (2) emulsion
polymerization.
[0088] The first method of preparing the nanoemulsion is the
mechanical method in which the nanoemulsion is prepared via the
following steps: (1) a primary surfactant is dissolved in water,
(2) a silicone is added, and a two-phase mixture is formed, (3)
with simple mixing, a co-surfactant is slowly added to the
two-phase mixture, until a clear isotropic microemulsion of a
siloxane-in-water is formed. The second method of preparing the
nanoemulsion is by emulsion polymerization. Emulsion polymerization
methods for making nanoemulsions of polymers involve starting with
polymer precursors, i.e., monomers, or reactive oligomers, which
are immiscible in water; a surfactant to stabilize polymer
precursor droplets in water; and a water soluble polymerization
catalyst. Typically, the catalyst is a strong mineral acid such as
hydrochloric acid, or a strong alkaline catalyst such as sodium
hydroxide. These components are added to water, the mixture is
stirred, and polymerization is allowed to advance until the
reaction is complete, or the desired degree of polymerization (DP)
is reached, and an emulsion of the polymer is formed.
[0089] D. Perfume
[0090] The concentrated hair care composition may comprise from
about 0.5% to about 7%, alternatively from about 1% to about 6%,
and alternatively from about 2% to about 5% perfume, by weight of
the concentrated hair care composition.
[0091] In an embodiment, the concentrated hair care composition may
have a silicone to perfume ratio of from about 95:5 to about 50:50,
90:10 to 60:40, 85:15 to 70:30.
[0092] Examples of suitable perfumes may be provided in the CTFA
(Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association) 1992 International
Buyers Guide, published by CFTA Publications and OPD 1993 Chemicals
Buyers Directory 80th Annual Edition, published by Schnell
Publishing Co. A plurality of perfume components may be present in
the concentrated hair care composition.
[0093] E. High Melting Point Fatty Compounds
[0094] The concentrated hair care composition may comprise less
than 10% high melting point fatty compounds, alternatively less
than 8% high melting point fatty compounds, alternatively less than
6% high melting point fatty compounds, alternatively less than 3%
high melting point fatty compound, alternatively may be
substantially free of high melting point fatty compounds, and
alternatively may comprise 0% high melting point fatty compounds,
by weight of the concentrated hair care composition. In an
embodiment, the hair care composition may comprise from about 0% to
about 8% fatty alcohols, alternatively from about 0.5% to about 6%,
alternatively from about 1.0% to about 4%, and alternatively from
about 1.5% to about 3.0% fatty alcohols. The concentrated hair care
composition may have a silicone to high melting point fatty
compounds ratio of from about 100:0 to about 40:60, alternatively
from about 100:0 to about 50:50, and alternatively from about 100:0
to about 60:40. In an embodiment the concentrated hair care
composition may have a silicone to high melting point fatty
compounds ratio of from about 100:0 to about 70:30.
[0095] The high melting point fatty compounds have a melting point
of about 25.degree. C. or higher, and are selected from the group
consisting of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty alcohol
derivatives, fatty acid derivatives, and mixtures thereof. It is
understood by the artisan that the compounds disclosed in this
section of the specification can in some instances fall into more
than one classification, e.g., some fatty alcohol derivatives can
also be classified as fatty acid derivatives. However, a given
classification is not intended to be a limitation on that
particular compound, but is done so for convenience of
classification and nomenclature. Further, it is understood by the
artisan that, depending on the number and position of double bonds,
and length and position of the branches, certain compounds having
certain required carbon atoms may have a melting point of less than
about 25.degree. C. Such compounds of low melting point are not
intended to be included in this section. Nonlimiting examples of
the high melting point compounds are found in International
Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, Fifth Edition, 1993, and CTFA
Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, Second Edition, 1992.
[0096] The fatty alcohols described herein are those having from
about 14 to about 30 carbon atoms, alternatively from about 16 to
about 22 carbon atoms. These fatty alcohols are saturated and can
be straight or branched chain alcohols. Nonlimiting examples of
fatty alcohols include cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl
alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
[0097] The fatty acids useful herein are those having from about 10
to about 30 carbon atoms, alternatively from about 12 to about 22
carbon atoms, and alternatively from about 16 to about 22 carbon
atoms. These fatty acids are saturated and can be straight or
branched chain acids. Also included are diacids, triacids, and
other multiple acids. Also included herein are salts of these fatty
acids. Nonlimiting examples of fatty acids include lauric acid,
palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, sebacic acid, and
mixtures thereof.
[0098] The fatty alcohol derivatives and fatty acid derivatives
useful herein include alkyl ethers of fatty alcohols, alkoxylated
fatty alcohols, alkyl ethers of alkoxylated fatty alcohols, esters
of fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters of compounds having
esterifiable hydroxy groups, hydroxy-substituted fatty acids, and
mixtures thereof. Nonlimiting examples of fatty alcohol derivatives
and fatty acid derivatives include materials such as methyl stearyl
ether; the ceteth series of compounds such as ceteth-1 through
ceteth-45, which are ethylene glycol ethers of cetyl alcohol,
wherein the numeric designation indicates the number of ethylene
glycol moieties present; the steareth series of compounds such as
steareth-1 through steareth-10, which are ethylene glycol ethers of
steareth alcohol, wherein the numeric designation indicates the
number of ethylene glycol moieties present; ceteareth 1 through
ceteareth-10, which are the ethylene glycol ethers of ceteareth
alcohol, i.e., a mixture of fatty alcohols containing predominantly
cetyl and stearyl alcohol, wherein the numeric designation
indicates the number of ethylene glycol moieties present; C16-C30
alkyl ethers of the ceteth, steareth, and ceteareth compounds just
described; polyoxyethylene ethers of behenyl alcohol; ethyl
stearate, cetyl stearate, cetyl palmitate, stearyl stearate,
myristyl myristate, polyoxyethylene cetyl ether stearate,
polyoxyethylene stearyl ether stearate, polyoxyethylene lauryl
ether stearate, ethyleneglycol monostearate, polyoxyethylene
monostearate, polyoxyethylene distearate, propyleneglycol
monostearate, propyleneglycol distearate, trimethylolpropane
distearate, sorbitan stearate, polyglyceryl stearate, glyceryl
monostearate, glyceryl distearate, glyceryl tristearate, and
mixtures thereof.
[0099] In an embodiment, the fatty compound may be a single high
melting point compound of high purity. Single compounds of pure
fatty alcohols selected may be selected from the group consisting
of pure cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and behenyl alcohol. By
"pure" herein, what is meant is that the compound has a purity of
at least about 90%, alternatively at least about 95%.
[0100] Commercially available high melting point fatty compounds
described herein include: cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and
behenyl alcohol having tradenames KONOL series available from Shin
Nihon Rika (Osaka, Japan), and NAA series available from NOF
(Tokyo, Japan); pure behenyl alcohol having tradename 1-DOCOSANOL
available from WAKO (Osaka, Japan), various fatty acids having
tradenames NEO-FAT available from Akzo (Chicago, Ill. USA),
HYSTRENE available from Witco Corp. (Dublin, Ohio USA), and DERMA
available from Vevy (Genova, Italy).
[0101] F. Cationic Surfactants
[0102] In an embodiment, the concentrated hair care composition may
comprise 0%, alternatively from about 0.25% to about 5%,
alternatively from about 0.5% to about 4%, and alternatively from
about 1% to about 3% cationic surfactants, by weight of the
concentrated hair care composition.
[0103] The cationic surfactant may be a mono-long alkyl quaternized
ammonium salt having the formula (XIII) [from WO2013148778]:
##STR00006##
wherein one of R.sup.71, R.sup.72 R.sup.73 a n R.sup.74 selected
from an aliphatic group of from about 14 to about 30 carbon atoms
or an aromatic, alkoxy, polyoxyalkylene, alkylamido, hydroxyalkyl,
aryl or alkylaryl group having up to about 30 carbon atoms; the
remainder of R.sup.71, R.sup.72 R.sup.73 and R.sup.74 are
independently selected from an aliphatic group of from about 1 to
about 8 carbon atoms or an aromatic, alkoxy, polyoxyalkylene,
alkylamido, hydroxyalkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group having up to
about 8 carbon atoms; and X is a salt-forming anion such as those
selected from halogen, (e.g., chloride, bromide), acetate, citrate,
lactate, glycolate, phosphate, nitrate, sulfonate, sulfate,
alkylsulfate, glutamate, and alkyl sulfonate radicals. The
aliphatic groups can contain, in addition to carbon and hydrogen
atoms, ether linkages, and other groups such as amino groups. The
longer chain aliphatic groups, e.g., those of about 16 carbons, or
higher, can be saturated or unsaturated. In an embodiment, one of
R.sup.71, R.sup.72 R.sup.73 and R.sup.74 is selected from an alkyl
group of from about 14 to about 30 carbon atoms, alternatively from
about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms, alternatively from about 16 to
about 18 carbon atoms; the remainder of R.sup.71, R.sup.72,
R.sup.73, and R.sup.74 are independently selected from the group
consisting of CH.sub.3, C.sub.2H.sub.5, C.sub.2H.sub.4OH,
CH.sub.2C.sub.5H.sub.5, and mixtures thereof; and (X) is selected
from the group consisting of Cl, Br, CH.sub.3OSO.sub.3, and
mixtures thereof. It is believed that such mono-long alkyl
quaternized ammonium salts can provide improved slippery and slick
feel on wet hair.
[0104] Nonlimiting examples of such mono-long alkyl quaternized
ammonium salt cationic surfactants include: behenyl trimethyl
ammonium chloride available, for example, with tradename Genamine
KDMP from Clamant, with tradename INCROQUAT TMC-80 from Croda and
ECONOL TM22 from Sanyo Kasei; stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride
available, for example, with tradename CA-2450 from Nikko
Chemicals; cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride available, for
example, with tradename CA-2350 from Nikko Chemicals;
behenyltrimethylammonium methyl sulfate, available from FeiXiang;
hydrogenated tallow alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride; stearyl
dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; and stearoyl amidopropyl
dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride.
[0105] Among them, more preferred cationic surfactants are those
having a shorter alkyl group, i.e., C.sub.16 alkyl group. Such
cationic surfactant includes, for example, cetyl trimethyl ammonium
chloride. It is believed that cationic surfactants having a shorter
alkyl group are advantageous for concentrated hair care silicone
nanoemulsion compositions of the present invention comprising a
cationic surfactant and with improved shelf stability.
[0106] G. Water Miscible Solvents
[0107] The concentrated hair care compositions described herein may
comprise from about 0.1% to about 25%, alternatively from about
0.1% to about 20%, and alternatively from about 0.1% to about 15%
of a water miscible solvent, by weight of the concentrated hair
care composition. Non-limiting examples of suitable water miscible
solvents include polyols, copolyols, polycarboxylic acids,
polyesters and alcohols.
[0108] Examples of useful polyols include, but are not limited to,
glycerin, diglycerin, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, butylene
glycol, pentylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, cyclohexane
dimethanol, hexane diol, polyethylene glycol (200-600), sugar
alcohols such as sorbitol, manitol, lactitol and other mono- and
polyhydric low molecular weight alcohols (e.g., C.sub.2-C.sub.8
alcohols); mono di- and oligo-saccharides such as fructose,
glucose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, and high fructose corn syrup
solids and ascorbic acid.
[0109] Examples of polycarboxylic acids include, but are not
limited to citric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, polyacrylic
acid, and polymaleic acid.
[0110] Examples of suitable polyesters include, but are not limited
to, glycerol triacetate, acetylated-monoglyceride, diethyl
phthalate, triethyl citrate, tributyl citrate, acetyl triethyl
citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate.
[0111] Examples of suitable dimethicone copolyols include, but are
not limited to, PEG-12 dimethicone, PEG/PPG-18/18 dimethicone, and
PPG-12 dimethicone.
[0112] Examples of suitable alcohols include, but are not limited
to ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol,
tert-butanol, n-hexanol and cyclohexanol.
[0113] Other suitable water miscible solvents include, but are not
limited to, alkyl and allyl phthalates; napthalates; lactates
(e.g., sodium, ammonium and potassium salts); sorbeth-30; urea;
lactic acid; sodium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA); sodium
hyraluronate or hyaluronic acid; soluble collagen; modified
protein; monosodium L-glutamate; alpha & beta hydroxyl acids
such as glycolic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, maleic acid and
salicylic acid; glyceryl polymethacrylate; polymeric plasticizers
such as polyquaterniums; proteins and amino acids such as glutamic
acid, aspartic acid, and lysine; hydrogen starch hydrolysates;
other low molecular weight esters (e.g., esters of C.sub.2-C.sub.10
alcohols and acids); and any other water soluble plasticizer known
to one skilled in the art of the foods and plastics industries; and
mixtures thereof.
[0114] In an embodiment, the water miscible solvents may be
selected from the group consisting of glycerin, propylene glycol,
dipropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof. EP 0283165 B1 discloses
other suitable water miscible solvents, including glycerol
derivatives such as propoxylated glycerol.
[0115] H. Viscosity Modifiers
[0116] The concentrated hair care composition described herein may
comprise from about 0.1% to about 2%, alternatively from about 0.1%
to about 1%, and alternatively from about 0.1% to about 0.5% of a
viscosity modifier, by weight of the concentrated hair care
composition. Non-limiting examples of suitable viscosity modifiers
include water soluble polymers, cationic water soluble
polymers,
[0117] Examples of water soluble polymers include, but are not
limited to (1) vegetable based polymers such as gum Arabic,
tragacanth gum, galactan, guar gum, carob gum, karaya gum,
carrageenan, pectin, agar, quince seed, algal colloid, starch
(rice, corn, potato, or wheat), and glycyrrhizinic acid; (2)
microorganism-based polymers such as xanthan gum, dextran,
succinoglucan, and pullulan; and (3) animal-based polymers such as
collagen, casein, albumin, and gelatin. Examples of semi-synthetic
water-soluble polymers include (1) starch-based polymers such as
carboxymethyl starch and methylhydroxypropyl starch; (2)
cellulose-based polymers such as methylcellulose, nitrocellulose,
ethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose,
hydroxyethylcellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate,
hydroxypropylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC),
crystalline cellulose, and cellulose powder; and (3) alginate-based
polymers such as sodium alginate and propylene glycol alginate.
Examples of synthetic water-soluble polymers include (1)
vinyl-based polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl methyl
ether-based polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and carboxyvinyl polymer
(CARBOPOL 940, CARBOPOL 941; (2) polyoxyethylene-based polymers
such as polyethylene glycol 20,000, polyethylene glycol 6,000, and
polyethylene glycol 4,000; (3) copolymer-based polymers such as a
copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene, and PEG/PPG
methyl ether; (4) acryl-based polymers such as poly(sodium
acrylate), poly(ethyl acrylate), polyacrylamide, polyethylene
imines, and cationic polymers. The water-swellable clay minerals
are nonionic water-soluble polymers and correspond to one type of
colloid-containing aluminum silicate having a triple layer
structure. More particular, as examples thereof, mention may be
made of bentonite, montmorillonite, beidellite, nontronite,
saponite, hectorite, aluminum magnesium silicate, and silicic
anhydride.
[0118] Examples of cationic water soluble polymers include, but are
not limited to (1) quaternary nitrogen-modified polysaccharides
such as cation-modified cellulose, cation-modified
hydroxyethylcellulose, cation-modified guar gum, cation-modified
locust bean gum, and cation-modified starch; (2)
dimethyldiallylammonium chloride derivatives such as a copolymer of
dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and acrylamide, and
poly(dimethylmethylene piperidinium chloride); (3) vinylpyrrolidone
derivatives such as a salt of a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and
dimethylaminoethyl methacrylic acid, a copolymer of
vinylpyrrolidone and methacrylamide propyltrimethylammonium
chloride, and a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and
methylvinylimidazolium chloride; and (4) methacrylic acid
derivatives such as a copolymer of
methacryloylethyldimethylbetaine, methacryloylethyl
trimethylammonium chloride and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, a
copolymer of methacryloylethyldimethylbetaine, and
methacryloylethyl trimethylammonium chloride and methoxy
polyethylene glycol methacrylate.
[0119] I. Viscosity
[0120] The concentrated hair care composition described herein may
have a liquid phase viscosity of from about 1 centipoise to about
2,500 centipoise, alternatively from about 5 centipoise to about
2,000 centipoise, alternatively from about 10 centipoise to about
1,500 centipoise, and alternatively from about 15 centipoise to
about 1,000 centipoise. In an embodiment, the concentrated hair
care composition described herein may have a liquid phase viscosity
of from about 1 centipoise to about 15,000 centipoise,
alternatively from about 1 centipoise to about 8,000 centipoise,
alternatively from about 5 centipoise to about 5,000 centipoise,
alternatively from about 10 centipoise to about 2,500 centipoise,
alternatively from about 15 centipoise to about 1,500 centipoise,
and alternatively from about 20 centipoise to about 1,000
centipoise. In an embodiment, the concentrated hair care
composition described herein may have a liquid phase viscosity of
from about 200 centipoise to about 15,000 centipoise, alternatively
from about 300 centipoise to about 12,000 centipoise, alternatively
from about 400 centipoise to about 8,000 centipoise, alternatively
from about 500 centipoise to about 5,000 centipoise, and
alternatively from about 600 centipoise to about 2,500 centipoise,
and alternatively from about 700 centipoise to about 2,000
centipoise.
[0121] The viscosity values may be measured employing any suitable
rheometer or viscometer at 25.0.degree. C. and at a shear rate of
about 2 reciprocal seconds. The viscosities reported herein were
measured a Cone/Plate Controlled Stress Brookfield Rheometer R/S
Plus, by Brookfield Engineering Laboratories. Stoughton, Mass. The
cone used (Spindle C-75-1) has a diameter of 75 mm and 1.degree.
angle. The viscosity is determined using a steady state flow
experiment at constant shear rate of 2 s.sup.-1 and at temperature
of 25.0.degree. C. The sample size is 2.5 ml and the total
measurement reading time is 3 minutes. The liquid phase viscosity
may be measured under ambient conditions and prior to the addition
of the propellant.
[0122] J. Optional Ingredients
[0123] The concentrated hair care composition described herein may
optionally comprise one or more additional components known for use
in hair care or personal care products, provided that the
additional components are physically and chemically compatible with
the essential components described herein, or do not otherwise
unduly impair product stability, aesthetics or performance. Such
optional ingredients are most typically those materials approved
for use in cosmetics and that are described in reference books such
as the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, Second Edition, The
Cosmetic, Toiletries, and Fragrance Association, Inc. 1988, 1992.
Individual concentrations of such additional components may range
from about 0.001 wt % to about 10 wt % by weight of the
conditioning composition.
[0124] Emulsifiers suitable as an optional ingredient herein
include mono- and di-glycerides, fatty alcohols, polyglycerol
esters, propylene glycol esters, sorbitan esters and other
emulsifiers known or otherwise commonly used to stabilized air
interfaces, as for example those used during preparation of aerated
foodstuffs such as cakes and other baked goods and confectionary
products, or the stabilization of cosmetics such as hair
mousses.
[0125] Further non-limiting examples of such optional ingredients
include preservatives, perfumes or fragrances, cationic polymers,
viscosity modifiers, coloring agents or dyes, conditioning agents,
hair bleaching agents, thickeners, moisturizers, foam boosters,
additional surfactants or nonionic cosurfactants, emollients,
pharmaceutical actives, vitamins or nutrients, sunscreens,
deodorants, sensates, plant extracts, nutrients, astringents,
cosmetic particles, absorbent particles, adhesive particles, hair
fixatives, fibers, reactive agents, skin lightening agents, skin
tanning agents, anti-dandruff agents, perfumes, exfoliating agents,
acids, bases, humectants, enzymes, suspending agents, pH modifiers,
hair colorants, hair perming agents, pigment particles, anti-acne
agents, anti-microbial agents, sunscreens, tanning agents,
exfoliation particles, hair growth or restorer agents, insect
repellents, shaving lotion agents, non-volatile solvents or
diluents (water-soluble and water-insoluble), co-solvents or other
additional solvents, and similar other materials.
[0126] K. Aerosol Foam Dispenser
[0127] The aerosol foam dispenser may comprise a reservoir for
holding the concentrated hair treatment composition. The reservoir
may be made out of any suitable material selected from the group
consisting of plastic, metal, alloy, laminate, and combinations
thereof. In an embodiment, the reservoir may be for one-time use.
In an embodiment, the reservoir may be removable from the aerosol
foam dispenser. Alternatively, the reservoir may be integrated with
the aerosol foam dispenser. In an embodiment, there may be two or
more reservoirs.
[0128] In an embodiment, the reservoir may be comprised of a
material selected from the group consisting of rigid materials,
flexible materials, and combinations thereof. The reservoir may be
comprised of a rigid material if it does not collapse under
external atmospheric pressure when it is subject to an interior
partial vacuum.
[0129] In an embodiment, the aerosol foam dispenser may comprise a
dip-tube to enable upright dispensing.
[0130] In an embodiment, the aerosol foam dispenser may be of the
bag on valve type wherein the container comprises an inner bag and
an outer container, which encloses the inner bag, while the inner
bag has a valve mechanism attached which is movable between an open
position and a closed position. The outer container may be formed
from metal or plastic or the like, and any of the propellants
described herein can be filled in a space between the outer
container and the inner bag. The inner bag may be flexible, and can
be made from a single material or from a composite material
including plastic, which may comprise at least a polymeric layer
and a layer which acts as a gas barrier, e.g., made from metal,
such as Aluminum. The inner material of the bag may be inert to the
contents of the composition, and the inner material may also be
impenetrable by the contents of the composition in the bag. The
inner bag may comprise a layer of a material which is essentially
impermeable to the propellant inside of the bag. The inner bag may
comprise a layer of a material which is essentially impermeable to
the propellant outside of the bag which generally is not intended
to be mixed with the composition in the inner bag during
storage.
[0131] In an embodiment, the foam has a dosage weight of from about
1 g to about 5 g when dispensed from the aerosol foam dispenser. In
another embodiment, the foam has a dosage weight of from about 1 g
to about 7 g when dispensed from the aerosol foam dispenser,
alternatively from about 2 g to about 6 g, alternatively from about
2.5 g to about 5 g, and alternatively from about 3 g to about 4.5
g. The dosage may be obtained via a single squeeze or actuation of
the aerosol foam dispenser, but may be accomplished via two
squeezes or actuations of the aerosol foam dispenser.
[0132] H. Propellant
[0133] The concentrated hair care composition described herein may
comprise from about from about 1% to about 6% propellant,
alternatively from about 2% to about 5% propellant, and
alternatively from about 3% to about 4% propellant, by weight of
the concentrated hair care composition. In an embodiment, the
concentrated hair care composition described herein may comprise
from about from about 1% to about 12% propellant, alternatively
from about 2% to about 10% propellant, alternatively from about 3%
to about 8% propellant, and alternatively from about 4% to about 6%
propellant, by weight of the concentrated hair care composition.
The concentrated hair care composition may be dispensed as a foam
wherein the foam has a density of from about 0.025 g/cm.sup.3 to
about 0.30 g/cm.sup.3, alternatively from about 0.035 g/cm.sup.3 to
about 0.20 g/cm.sup.3, alternatively from about 0.045 g/cm.sup.3 to
about 0.15 g/cm.sup.3, and alternatively from about 0.055
g/cm.sup.3 to about 0.12 g/cm.sup.3. In an embodiment, the
concentrated hair care composition may be dispensed as a foam
wherein the foam as a density of from about 0.025 g/cm.sup.3 to
about 0.40 g/cm.sup.3, alternatively from about 0.035 g/cm.sup.3 to
about 0.30 g/cm.sup.3, alternatively from about 0.045 g/cm.sup.3 to
about 0.20 g/cm.sup.3, and alternatively from about 0.055
g/cm.sup.3 to about 0.15 g/cm.sup.3.
[0134] The propellant may comprise one or more volatile materials,
which in a gaseous state, may carry the other components of the
concentrated hair care composition in particulate or droplet form.
The propellant may have a boiling point within the range of from
about -45.degree. C. to about 5.degree. C. The propellant may be
liquefied when packaged in convention aerosol containers under
pressure. The rapid boiling of the propellant upon leaving the
aerosol foam dispenser may aid in the atomization of the other
components of the concentrated hair care composition.
[0135] Aerosol propellants which may be employed in the aerosol
composition may include the chemically-inert hydrocarbons such as
propane, n-butane, isobutane, cyclopropane, and mixtures thereof,
as well as halogenated hydrocarbons such as
dichlorodifluoromethane, 1-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane,
1-chloro-1,1-difluoro-2,2-trifluoroethane,
1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene, 1,1-difluoroethane, dimethyl ether,
monochlorodifluoromethane, trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and
mixtures thereof. The propellant may comprise hydrocarbons such as
isobutane, propane, and butane these materials may be used for
their low ozone reactivity and may be used as individual components
where their vapor pressures at 21.1.degree. C. range from about
1.17 Bar to about 7.45 Bar, alternatively from about 1.17 Bar to
about 4.83 Bar, and alternatively from about 2.14 Bar to about 3.79
Bar.
[0136] I. Water
[0137] The concentrated hair care composition described herein may
comprise from about from about 60% to about 90% water,
alternatively from about 65% to about 87.5%, alternatively from
about 67.5% to about 85%, alternatively from about 70% to about
82.5%, and alternatively from about 72.5% to about 80% water.
Method of Treating Hair
[0138] The method of treating the hair described herein comprises
(1) providing a concentrated hair care composition, as described
herein, in an aerosol foam dispenser, (2) dispensing the
concentrated hair care composition from the aerosol foam dispenser
as a dosage of foam; (3) applying the foam to the hair; and (4)
rinsing the foam from the hair.
EXAMPLES & DATA
[0139] The following examples illustrate the concentrated hair care
composition described herein. The exemplified compositions can be
prepared by conventional formulation and mixing techniques. It will
be appreciated that other modifications of the present invention
within the skill of those in the shampoo formulation art can be
undertaken without departing from the spirit and scope of this
invention. All parts, percentages, and ratios herein are by weight
unless otherwise specified. Some components may come from suppliers
as dilute solutions. The amount stated reflects the weight percent
of the active material, unless otherwise specified.
[0140] Three "Clarifying" shampoos are employed in the below
examples that were void of high melting point fatty compounds and
conditioning agents. One was a Pantene clarifying shampoo and the
other two were concentrated foam shampoos. The concentrated foam
shampoos may be prepared by mixing together water and surfactants
along with any solids that need to be melted at an elevated
temperature, e.g. about 75.degree. C. The ingredients are mixed
thoroughly at the elevated temperature and then cooled to ambient
temperature. Additional ingredients, including electrolytes,
polymers, silicone emulsions, preservatives and fragrances may be
added to the cooled product.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Concentrated Aerosol Foam Cleansing Shampoo
Composition Foam Foam Raw Material Shampoo 1 Shampoo 2 Sodium
Undecyl Sulfate (C11 70% active).sup.1 23.6 Lauramidopropyl Betaine
(LAPB 35% active).sup.2 5.8 Para Hydroxy Phenyl Butanone.sup.3 3.9
Alkyl polyglucoside.sup.4 25.2 Cocamidopropyl betaine 3.9 Polyvinyl
alcohol.sup.5 1.9 1.9 Perfume 2.3 2.3 Citric Acid 0.3 0.3
Preservative (Kathon) 0.03 0.03 Propellant (Aeron-46) 3.1 3.1 Water
q.s. (q.s.) Weight % of high melting point 0% 0% fatty compounds
.sup.1Sodium Undecyl Sulfate (C11, Isachem 123S) at 70% active,
supplier: P&G .sup.2LAPB (Mackam DAB), at 35% active level,
supplier: Rhodia .sup.3Raspberry Ketone, supplier: Spectrum
.sup.4EcoSense 919 available from Dow Chemical. .sup.5PVA-403
available from Kuraray
[0141] The following aerosol conditioner compositions may be
prepared by weighing distilled water and the aminosilicone
emulsions into a stainless steel beaker. The beaker is placed in a
water bath on a hot plate while mixing with overhead mixer at 100
to 150 rpm. If fatty alcohols are present in the formula, the cetyl
alcohol and stearyl alcohol are added and the mixture is heated to
70-75 C. Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride is then added and mixing
speed is increased to 250-350 rpm due to viscosity increase. When
the materials are all heated thoroughly and homogenous, the heating
is stopped while the mixture is continued to stir. The batch is
cooled to 35 C by removing the hot water from the water bath and
replacing with cold water. The perfume and Kathon are added and
with continued stirring for .about.10 minutes. For foaming,
propellant Aeron-46 was added to each of the below formulas at a
weight ratio of 4 parts Aeron-46 to 96 parts of formula within an
aerosol container.
[0142] The ability to foam was assessed by shaking the aerosol
container for 10 seconds and then seeing if 5 grams could be
dispensed into a weigh boat. The foam quality was assessed by
spreading the foam and assessing the ability to spread without foam
collapse on a qualitative scale (+++ excellent, ++ good, + fair, -
poor).
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Concentrated Aerosol Foam Conditioner
Composition Raw Material Ex 1 Ex 2 Ex 3 Ex 4 Ex 5 Ex 6 Ex 7
Aminosilicone.sup.1 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Perfume 2.4 2.4 3.0 3.0
3.0 3.0 3.0 Cetyltrimethylammonium 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Chloride
Cetyl Alcohol 1.5 3.0 4.0 6.0 9 Stearyl Alcohol 1.5 3.0 4.0 6.0 9
Preservative (Kathon) 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 Water
(q.s.) (q.s.) (q.s.) (q.s.) (q.s.) (q.s.) (q.s.) Weight ratio of
oil to high 100:0 100:0 80:20 67:33 60:40 50:50 40:60 melting point
fatty compounds Viscosity (cp) <200 <200 810 1740 5,450
12,900 33,400 Ability to dispense foam Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Foam Quality +++ +++ +++ +++ + + None .sup.1Silsoft 253 (20%
active) nano-emulsion available from Momentive (10-20 nm)
[0143] The foam conditioner compositions of the present invention
may be concentrated in silicone (12% by weight) as it has been
determined that consumers dose low density foams at approximately
1/3 the dosage of normal conditioners. Accordingly, 12% silicone
delivered from the foam delivers about the same dosage of silicone
as a normal 4% silicone liquid conditioner. As demonstrated in
Table 2, at such a concentrated level of silicone, as the ratio of
oil to high melting point fatty compounds decreases, the ability to
dispense foam and deliver good foam quality decreases. This is also
correlating to viscosity. Importantly, below an oil to high melting
point fatty compound ratio of 50:50, the foam was not able to be
dispensed (formula was too viscous). Additionally, the ratios of
50:50 and 60:40 had reduced foam quality versus the higher ratios.
Accordingly, Examples 1 through 4, with both excellent dispensing
and foam quality, were progressed for performance testing as
described below.
[0144] Concentrated foam conditioners 1-4 in Table 2 were treated
onto General Population brown hair switches and dyed hair (dyed
with a commercially available level 3 oxidative dye) as part of a
regimen with Pantene Pro-V Clarifying Shampoo for up to 6 treatment
cycles. Example 2 foam conditioner was also paired with the foam
shampoo 1 and foam shampoo 2. As a regimen control, the Pantene
Pro-V Clarifying Shampoo was combined with Pantene Anti-Breakage
Conditioner. The latter is known to have an aminosilicone content
of 2.5% and a total high melting point fatty compounds (cetyl and
stearyl alcohols) content of 5.20% for a weight ratio of oil to
high melting point fatty compounds of 32.5:67.5. Deposition data,
wet and dry combing data, and hair volume data was collected on the
hair switches after 6 treatment cycles. Scanning electron
microscopy, hair/water contact angles and Atomic Force Microscopy
measurements were taken on the hair switches after 6 cycles.
Multiple Cycle Shampoo Plus Conditioner Treatments:
[0145] 1. Six 4 gram, 8 inch General Population brown hair switches
are wet with 100 degrees Fahrenheit water at a sink (bound on
root-ends with glue/tape and hanging on metal holder) with a shower
head fixture (flow rate is 1.5 gallons per minute) for 15 to 20
seconds. [0146] 2. Liquid shampoos are applied at 0.1 grams of
product per gram of hair (e.g., Pantene Pro-V Clarifying Shampoo)
via a syringe and milked/scrubbed for 30 seconds followed by a 30
seconds shower head rinse (with gentle manipulation at top of
switch to ensure uniform rinsing). Concentrated liquid foam
shampoos are applied at 0.05 grams of product per gram of hair with
a spatula (foam is dispensed in weigh boat and applied weight
recorded) and following the same application procedure. [0147] 3.
Liquid conditioners are applied at a 0.1 grams of product per gram
of hair (e.g., Pantene Moisture Renewal Conditioner etc.) via a
syringe (weighed on weigh scale) evenly over the hair switch and
milked/scrubbed for 30 seconds followed by a 30 seconds shower
rinse (with gentle manipulation at top of switch to ensure uniform
rinsing). Concentrated liquid foam conditioners are applied at
0.033 grams of product per gram of hair with a spatula (foam is
dispensed in weigh boat and applied weight recorded) and following
the same application procedure. [0148] 4. The hair is then dried in
a heat box set at 60 C for .about.45 minutes or until mostly dry
before starting the next treatment cycle or the completion of the
treatment cycles. For multiple cycle testing, the above procedure
is repeated for a set number of times. For instance, for a six
cycle test, the above steps 1-4 are repeated six times.
Deposition Data and Deposition Purity (6 Treatment Cycles):
[0149] Deposition Purity may be determined by the ratio of silicone
deposited per weight of hair to the total deposition of other
ingredients per weight of hair. Silicone may be determined by
digestion of the hair followed by an analysis with a quantitative
elemental technique such as ICP for total silicon and converting to
silicone based on the % of silicon in the silicone by weight. The
total deposition may be determined by the sum of separate
deposition measurements. The separate deposition measurements may
include but are not limited to: fatty alcohols, EGDS, quaternized
agents and silicone. Typically these measurements involve
extracting the hair then separating the ingredients of interest
with chromatography and quantifying with an externally calibration
based on test solution concentration.
ICP-OES Silicone Hair Digestion Method:
[0150] Hair samples treated with different products are submitted
as balls of hair with an average sample size of 0.1 g. These hair
samples are then digested using a single reaction chamber microwave
digestion system (Milestone Inc., Shelton, Conn.) using a 6:1
HNO.sub.3:H.sub.2O.sub.2 mixture and an aliquot of methyl isobutyl
ketone (MIBK) in Teflon digestion vessels. A gentle digestion
program with a ramp to 95.degree. C. and a manual vent after
cooling below 30.degree. C. is used to facilitate retention of
silicon. After dilution to volume, the samples are run against an
inorganic silicon calibration curve produced on an Optima 8300
ICP-OES system (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, Mass.) run in the axial
mode. The silicon values determined are converted to a
concentration of silicone polymer-equivalents deposited on the hair
sample using the theoretical silicon concentration of the polymer
provided by the manufacturer. An untreated hair sample is analyzed
to determine the background concentration of silicon to allow
correction if needed. Another untreated hair sample is spiked with
a known amount of polymer and analyzed to ensure recovery of the
polymer and verify the analysis.
General Population Hair
TABLE-US-00003 [0151] TABLE 3 Results of Deposition and Deposition
Purity on General Population Hair after 6 treatment cycles Amino-
Amino- Fatty silicone silicone- Alcohol Deposition Alkyl Quat
to-fatty Oil Total Deposition (ppm) Deposition alcohol Deposition
Deposition Regimen (ppm) [% RSD] (ppm) ratio Purity (ppm)
Clarifying Shampoo 1749 +/- 81 1557 +/- 844 26 +/- 2 0.9 47% 3332
plus Pantene Anti- [54%] breakage Conditioner Clarifying Shampoo
3.0 +/- 8 1341 +/- 449 6 +/- 0.4 447 99% 1350 plus Ex 1 Conditioner
[33%] Clarifying Shampoo 14 +/- 4 1040 +/- 105 140 +/- 13 74 87%
1194 plus Ex 2 Conditioner [10%] Clarifying Shampoo 488 +/- 23 1334
+/- 82 94 +/- 13 2.7 70% 1916 plus Ex 3 Conditioner [6%] Clarifying
Shampoo 668 +/- 36 1546 +/- 67 67 +/- 10 2.3 68% 2281 plus Ex 4
Conditioner [4%] Foam Shampoo 1 plus 8 +/- 3 934 +/- 60 126 +/- 9
117 87% 1068 Ex 2 Conditioner [6%] Foam Shampoo 2 plus 1 +/- 5 996
+/- 58 158 +/- 12 996 86% 1155 Ex 2 Conditioner [4%]
[0152] The Table 3 deposition data on general population hair after
6 treatment cycles demonstrates the regimens involving a foam
conditioner of the present invention deposit high levels of
aminosilicone onto hair (900 to 1,600 ppm versus 1,600 ppm for the
liquids control regimen), but importantly with significantly less
fatty alcohol co-deposits (1 to 700 ppm fatty alcohols versus 1,557
ppm for the liquid control regimen). Correspondingly, the measured
oil deposition purity was much higher for the regimens of the
present invention (68% to 99% purity) versus the liquid regimen
control (47% purity).
Dyed Hair
TABLE-US-00004 [0153] TABLE 4 Results of Deposition and Deposition
Purity on Dyed Hair after 6 treatment cycles Amino- Dyed-to-General
Fatty Amino- silicone- Population Alcohol silicone Alkyl Quat
to-fatty Oil Total Hair Deposi- Deposition Deposition Deposition
alcohol Deposition Deposition tion Ratio Regimen (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
ratio Purity (ppm) (.times.100%) Clarifying Shampoo 1532 +/- 84
1057 +/- 260 32 +/- 3 0.7 40% 2621 68% plus Pantene Anti- [25%]
breakage Conditioner Clarifying Shampoo 31 +/- 16 1464 +/- 78 11
+/- 0 47 97% 1506 109% plus Ex 1 Conditioner [5%] Clarifying
Shampoo 31 +/- 16 1385 +/- 149 149 +/- 26 45 88% 1565 133% plus Ex
2 Conditioner [11%] Clarifying Shampoo 444 +/- 12 2040 +/- 147 115
+/- 25 4.6 78% 2599 153% plus Ex 3 Conditioner [7%] Clarifying
Shampoo 636 +/- 41 2225 +/- 108 84 +/- 13 3.5 76% 2945 144% plus Ex
4 Conditioner [5%] Foam Shampoo 1 plus 7 +/- 17 1484 +/- 47 133 +/-
15 212 91% 1624 159% Ex 2 Conditioner [3%] Foam Shampoo 2 plus 9
+/- 10 1479 +/- 103 195 +/- 16 164 88% 1683 148% Ex 2 Conditioner
[7%]
[0154] The Table 4 deposition data on dyed hair after 6 treatment
cycles demonstrates the regimens involving a foam conditioner of
the present invention to deposit high levels of aminosilicone onto
hair (1,385 to 2,225 ppm versus 1,057 ppm for the liquids control
regimen), but importantly with significantly less fatty alcohol
co-deposits (7 to 636 ppm fatty alcohols versus 1,557 ppm for the
liquid control regimen). Correspondingly, the measured oil
deposition purity was much higher for the regimens of the present
invention (76% to 97% purity) versus the liquid regimen control
(40% purity). Moreover, the regimens involving a foam conditioner
of the present invention also deposit significantly greater amount
of silicone onto the more polar dyed hair than on general
population hair (dyed to general population hair deposition ratios
of 109% to 159%) versus the liquid regimen control which deposited
less silicone on the more polar dyed hair (dyed to general
population hair deposition ratios of 68%).
General Population Hair Wet Combing, Dry Combing and Hair Volume
Data (6 Treatment Cycles):
[0155] Wet combing, dry combing and hair volume was assessed of the
hair tresses after the 6 treatment cycles via a sensory panel
encompassing 12 individuals.
Wet Combing Test (on the Day of the Final Treatment Cycle):
[0156] After the last treatment cycle, the treated hair tresses
were wrapped in aluminum foil and labeled in groups. During the
panel, a hair tress from each leg grouping was hung on a metal bar
and with each switch being detangled with the wider spacing teeth
on a professional comb. The panelists then evaluated the ease of
wet combing of the switches using the `small end` of a professional
comb (using gloved hand to stabilize switch while combing if
needed) and record scores on the provided evaluation form (0-10
scale). After all 5 sets of hair have been combed (2 panelists per
hair set), hang carts with hair in CT room (50% RH, 70 F).
Dry Combing Test (at Least One Day after the Wet Combing Test):
[0157] The dried hair switches from each treatment group were
placed in separate metal holders hanging side by side on a metal
bar. The panelists evaluated the ease of dry combing of the
switches using the `small end` of a professional comb and record
scores on the provided evaluation form (0-10 scale; 2 panelists per
hair set).
General Population Hair
TABLE-US-00005 [0158] TABLE 5 Wet/Dry Combing and Hair Volume on
General Population Hair after 6 treatment cycles Regimen weight
ratio of oil to high melting point fatty Wet Dry Hair Regimen
compounds Combing Combing Volume Clarifying Shampoo Control -- 2.0
2.6 8.5 Clarifying Shampoo plus Pantene Anti- 32.5:67.5 8.2 9.8 4.3
breakage Conditioner Clarifying Shampoo plus Ex 1 Conditioner 100:0
9.0 8.0 7.6 Clarifying Shampoo plus Ex 2 Conditioner 100:0 9.4 8.2
5.6 Clarifying Shampoo plus Ex 3 Conditioner 80:20 9.3 8.6 4.6
Clarifying Shampoo plus Ex 4 Conditioner 67:33 9.2 8.3 3.6 Foam
Shampoo 1 plus Ex 2 Conditioner 100:0 8.6 7.1 6.0 Foam Shampoo 2
plus Ex 2 Conditioner 100:0 8.9 7.5 7.5
[0159] The above data on general population hair after 6 treatment
cycles demonstrates the regimens involving a foam conditioner of
the present invention provide acceptable wet combing performance
(from 8.2 to 9.4 average scores) and dry combing performance (from
7.1 to 8.6 average scores) versus the liquid control regimen (wet
combing of 8.2 and dry combing of 9.8). But, importantly the
regimens involving a foam conditioner of the present invention were
able to do this with very good hair volume performance after the
end of the treatment cycles (hair volume average scores of 3.6 to
7.6) relative to the liquid regimen control (hair volume of 4.3).
Also, the hair volume trends with the weight ratio of oil to high
melting point fatty compounds within the regimen compositions (with
100:0 ratios providing the best hair volume performance). This is
hypothesized to be due to significantly less co-deposits of high
melting point fatty compounds.
Dyed Hair
TABLE-US-00006 [0160] TABLE 6 Wet/Dry Combing and Hair Volume on
Dyed Hair after 6 treatment cycles Regimen weight ratio of oil to
high melting point fatty Wet Dry Hair Regimen compounds Combing
Combing Volume Clarifying Shampoo Control -- 1.6 1.5 5.5 Clarifying
Shampoo plus Pantene Anti- 32.5:67.5 8.0 9.6 4.1 breakage
Conditioner Clarifying Shampoo plus Ex 1 Conditioner 100:0 9.3 7.6
8.1 Clarifying Shampoo plus Ex 2 Conditioner 100:0 9.8 8.5 4.3
Clarifying Shampoo plus Ex 3 Conditioner 80:20 9.4 8.5 5.9
Clarifying Shampoo plus Ex 4 Conditioner 67:33 9.3 8.7 3.9 Foam
Shampoo 1 plus Ex 2 Conditioner 100:0 8.7 7.7 6.2 Foam Shampoo 2
plus Ex 2 Conditioner 100:0 8.6 7.5 7.1 *representative of
oxidatively damaged hair
[0161] The Table 6 data on dyed hair after 6 treatment cycles
demonstrates the regimens involving a foam conditioner of the
present invention to provide very good wet combing performance
(from 8.6 to 9.3 average scores) and dry combing performance (from
7.5 to 8.5 average scores) comparable to the liquid control regimen
(wet combing of 8.0 and dry combing of 9.6). But, importantly the
regimens involving a foam conditioner of the present invention were
able to do this with good hair volume performance after the end of
the treatment cycles (hair volume average scores of 3.9 to 8.1)
relative to the liquid regimen control (hair volume of 4.1). Also,
the hair volume trends with the weight ratio of oil to high melting
point fatty compounds within the regimen compositions (with 100:0
ratios providing the best hair volume performance). This is
hypothesized to be due to significantly less co-deposits of high
melting point fatty compounds.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (6 Treatment Cycles)
[0162] Ten to twelve general population hair strands with 1 cm
length hair from each treatment were mounted on SEM sample holder,
coated with Au/Pd for 45 seconds for conductivity, transferred
sample holder into SEM chamber, and used Hitachi S4700 Field
Emission High Resolution SEM for imaging analysis at 3 kv with
built-in Bruker Quantax Esprit SDD for EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray
Spectrometry) analysis for elemental information at 5 kv. The
high-resolution image visualized the details of topography, hair
structure and the deposition on its surface. EDS revealed the
existence of elements of and correlated to the image
topography.
[0163] The SEM images after 6 treatment cycles on general
population hair in FIGS. 1-7 demonstrate the regimens involving a
foam conditioner of the present invention to provide surface
deposits with improved morphology (thinner, smoother and more even
deposition) versus the liquid control regimen (irregular deposits
that are thicker, not smooth and lacking even deposition). This is
hypothesized to be due to significantly less co-deposits of high
melting point fatty compounds (from 68% to 99% oil deposition
purity) versus the liquid regimen control (from 40% to 47% oil
deposition purity).
Hair/Water Contact Angle and Time of Flight SIMS (6 Treatment
Cycles)
[0164] Hair/Water Contact Angle (General population hair):
Approximately 2 cm segments from root, middle and tip were immersed
in hexadecane and water root end first. The first 200 .mu.m of the
segment was ignored. Every 100 .mu.m longitudinally up the length
of the hair segment was analyzed for wetting force. Wilhelmy
equation of state for rods was used to convert wetting force into
contact angle. Hair diameters were measured optically.
Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (General Population
Hair):
[0165] ToF-SIMS provides mass spectrum and imaging analysis on the
hair surfaces and the information collected represents the chemical
structure and distribution information from the outmost 3 nm of the
sample's surface. In detail, single hair fibers were mounted on a
stainless steel sample holder and transferred to an ultra high
vacuum system (10 -8-10 -9 torr) of the ToF-SIMS instrument
(ION-TOF 4, ION TOF, Germany). In spectrum mode, characteristic
signals were selected for each silicone containing species present
on the hair surface and semi-quantitative comparison from sample to
sample was done by normalizing the characteristic signals to total
ion intensity from the same spectrum. Selected characteristic
signals were further used to image the distribution of chemicals on
hair surfaces using high resolution imaging mode of the
instrument.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Advancing and Receding Contact Angles
Advancing Receding Contact Regimen Contact Angle Angle Clarifying
Shampoo Control 91.1 +/- 4.9 38.3 +/- 12.1 Clarifying Shampoo plus
99.2 +/- 0.4 58.4 +/- 1.7 Pantene Antibreakage Conditioner
Clarifying Shampoo plus Ex 1 116.6 +/- 0.5 69.0 +/- 1.1 Conditioner
Clarifying Shampoo plus Ex 2 108.9 +/- 3.2 70.8 +/- 0.9 Conditioner
Clarifying Shampoo plus Ex 3 110.6 +/- 0.1 69.5 +/- 0.1 Conditioner
Clarifying Shampoo plus Ex 4 108.5 +/- 0.7 66.8 +/- 1.9 Conditioner
Foam Shampoo 1 plus Ex 2 110.5 +/- 0.9 68.1 +/- 1.1 Conditioner
Foam Shampoo 2 plus Ex 2 115.5 +/- 0.2 69.5 +/- 1.9 Conditioner
[0166] The Table 7 advancing and receding contact angles after 6
treatment cycles on general population hair demonstrates the
regimens involving a foam conditioner of the present invention to
provide significantly greater hair surface hydrophobicity
(advancing contact angles from 108.5 degrees to 116.6 degrees and
receding contact angles from 66.8 degrees to 70/8 degrees) versus
the liquid control regimen (advancing contact angle of 99.2 degrees
and a receding contact angle of 58.4 degrees). Without being bound
to theory, this is hypothesized to be due to significantly less
co-deposits of high melting point fatty compounds (from 68% to 99%
oil deposition purity) versus the liquid regimen control (from 40%
to 47% oil deposition purity). Importantly, the contact angle data
also correlates with the TOF-SIMS silicone mapping as can be seen
in the above image wherein the regimens involving a foam
conditioner of the present invention can be seen to have greater
TOF-SIMS silicone intensity (seen as increased brightness over the
black background) relative to the liquid regimen control.
Atomic Force Microscopy (6 Treatment Cycles)
[0167] Samples were prepared for AFM analysis by selecting three
hairs (from treated general population hair) and adhering them to a
glass microscope slide with quick curing epoxy; the analysis region
was approximately the middle of the hair. AFM images were collected
from one location on two fibers for each sample. Images were
collected in tapping (intermittent contact) mode with a Field of
View (FOV) of 40.times.20 mm and 512.times.256 pixels, yielding a
spatial resolution of 78 nm. Image tilt was corrected with a first
order plane fit. Force Curves were collected over the same areas
imaged by AFM. Maps consisted of an array of 10 by 10 individual
force curves uniformly distributed over the FOV. Adhesion values
were extracted from force curves using instrument manufacturer's
software. Higher magnification images were collected for a field of
view of, approximately, 5.times.2.5 mm, yielding a resolution of 10
nm. Image tilt was corrected by a first order plain fit. Force maps
were collected for several of these regions. Roughness values were
obtained from height images that had been corrected for tilt (using
a first order plane fit), followed by a second order plane fit to
remove the hair curvature from the data. Finally another first
order plane was fit to a single cuticle surface in order to remove
cuticle slope from the data. (On Modify Panel, Planefit Tab, select
Include Points, then draw freehand ROI on cuticle. Only the drawn
ROI will be included in the mask.) Roughness was calculated over a
2.5 mm square area from six regions in each image. Step from one
cuticle to next was excluded from roughness calculation; generally,
it was attempted to include areas with deposition in the
calculation. The AFM probe type was Olympus AC160 (lot 9C3002)
silicon diving board. Cantilever length is 160 nm; nominal radius
for a new tip is less than 15 nm. Probes were calibrated for force
measurements. One probe was used for all measurements.
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 AFM Deposit Thickness Clarifying Clarifying
Clarifying Shampoo plus Shampoo Shampoo Pantene plus plus
Antibreakage Ex 1 Ex 4 Conditioner Conditioner Conditioner Num
Images 3 3 4 Num Points 710 544 611 Avg (nm) 32.8 15.4 15.1 Std Dev
(nm) 55.0 9.5 9.8 Min (nm) 3.6 5.5 3.8 Max (nm) 439.4 80.2
100.1
[0168] The AFM images after 6 treatment cycles on general
population hair demonstrates the regimens involving a foam
conditioner of the present invention to provide surface deposits
with improved morphology (thinner, smoother and more even
deposition) versus the liquid control regimen (irregular deposits
that are thicker, not smooth and lacking even deposition).
Additionally, the AFM was able to quantify the thickness of the
deposits and demonstrating the regimens involving a foam
conditioner of the present invention to provide significantly
thinner deposits (averages of 15.1+/-9.8 nanometers and 15.4+/-9.5
nanometers) versus the liquid control regimen (32.8+/-55
nanometers). Without being bound to theory, this is hypothesized to
be due to significantly greater purity of deposition (from 68% to
99% oil deposition purity) versus the liquid regimen control (from
40% to 47% oil deposition purity) and enabling the silicone to
spread better as the continuous phase of the deposit versus as the
dispersed phase within a continuous phase of high melting point
fatty compounds which do not spread nearly as well due to their
high melting point (wax-like consistency).
Additional Examples
[0169] The following aerosol conditioner compositions in Tables 9
and 10 may be prepared by weighing distilled water and the
aminosilicone emulsions into a stainless steel beaker. The beaker
is placed in a water bath on a hot plate while mixing with overhead
mixer at 100 to 150 rpm. If fatty alcohols are present in the
formula, the cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol are added and the
mixture is heated to 70-75 C. The behentrimonium methosulfate is
then added and mixing speed is increased to 250-350 rpm due to
viscosity increase. When the materials are all heated thoroughly
and homogenous, the heating is stopped while the mixture is
continued to stir. The batch is cooled to 35 C by removing the hot
water from the water bath and replacing with cold water. The
perfume and Kathon are added and with continued stirring for
.about.10 minutes. For foaming, propellant Aeron-46 is added to
each of the below formulas at a weight ratio of 4 parts Aeron-46 to
96 parts of formula within an aerosol container.
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Raw Material Ex 8 Ex 9 Ex 10 Ex 11 Ex 12 Ex
13 Aminosilicone.sup.1 8 4 2 0 8 4 Aminosilicone.sup.2 4 2 4 4
Perfume 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Behentrimonium 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3
4.3 methosulfate Cetyl Alcohol 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86
Stearyl Alcohol 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 Hydroxyethyl 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.5 cellulose.sup.3 Citric Acid 0.02 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.02 Benzyl Alcohol 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Disodium EDTA
0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 Preservative (Kathon) 0.03 0.03 0.03
0.03 0.03 0.03 Water (q.s.) (q.s.) (q.s.) (q.s.) (q.s.) (q.s.)
Weight ratio of oil to high 73:27 73:27 57:43 57:43 73:27 73:27
melting point fatty compounds Viscosity (cp) 591 756 1461 9505 6830
3202 .sup.1Silsoft 253 (20% active) nano-emulsion available from
Momentive (10-20 nm) .sup.2Y17045 (100% active) available
experimentally from Momentive .sup.3Natrosol 250HHR available from
Ashland Chemicals.
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Raw Material Ex 14 Ex 15 Ex 16 Ex 17 Ex 18
Ex 19 Amino morpholino silicone.sup.4 8 12 16 Aminosilicone.sup.5 8
12 16 Perfume 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Behentrimonium 4.3 4.3 4.3
4.3 4.3 4.3 methosulfate Cetyl Alcohol 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86
0.86 Stearyl Alcohol 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15 Citric Acid 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Benzyl Alcohol 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Disodium EDTA 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 Preservative (Kathon)
0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 Water (q.s.) (q.s.) (q.s.) (q.s.)
(q.s.) (q.s.) Weight ratio of oil to high 73:27 80:20 84:16 73:27
80:20 84:16 melting point fatty compounds .sup.4BELSIL .RTM. ADM
8301 E (20% active) nano-emulsion available from Wacker (<50 nm)
.sup.5CE-8170 Microemulsion (20% active) available from Dow Corning
(<50 nm)
[0170] The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be
understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values
recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension
is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally
equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension
disclosed as "40 mm" is intended to mean "about 40 mm."
[0171] Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced
or related patent or application and any patent application or
patent to which this application claims priority or benefit
thereof, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety
unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any
document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to
any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in
any combination with any other reference or references, teaches,
suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent
that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts
with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document
incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to
that term in this document shall govern.
[0172] While particular embodiments of the present invention have
been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those
skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can
be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims
all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of
this invention.
* * * * *