U.S. patent application number 15/759191 was filed with the patent office on 2018-09-06 for device and method for fluids separation by density gradient.
The applicant listed for this patent is SPARK-TECH SP. Z O.O.. Invention is credited to Mateusz Grzegorz ADAMSKI, Patryk GUMANN.
Application Number | 20180250669 15/759191 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 57249840 |
Filed Date | 2018-09-06 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180250669 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
ADAMSKI; Mateusz Grzegorz ;
et al. |
September 6, 2018 |
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR FLUIDS SEPARATION BY DENSITY GRADIENT
Abstract
A device for a centrifugation container, such as a tube, is for
separation of liquid fractions having a desired density range, in
particular to biological and/or liquids forming suspensions. The
device has a partition (7) that separates the interior of the
container (1) into at least two chambers in a vertical
arrangement--an upper chamber (2) and a lower chamber (3). The
device having the partition (7) has an aperture (4) which can be
lined up with the guide (12), on which liquids, in particular a
fluid sample, can flow down from an upper chamber (3) to a lower
chamber (4), of the container (1) for centrifugation. A method
using the device separates out a fraction having the desired
density range from the sample containing fractions of different
density.
Inventors: |
ADAMSKI; Mateusz Grzegorz;
(Krakow, PL) ; GUMANN; Patryk; (Krakow,
PL) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SPARK-TECH SP. Z O.O. |
Krakow |
|
PL |
|
|
Family ID: |
57249840 |
Appl. No.: |
15/759191 |
Filed: |
September 15, 2016 |
PCT Filed: |
September 15, 2016 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/IB2016/055503 |
371 Date: |
March 9, 2018 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01D 21/26 20130101;
B01L 2300/0609 20130101; B01L 2200/16 20130101; B01L 2300/0832
20130101; B01L 2200/0647 20130101; B01L 2300/087 20130101; G01N
33/491 20130101; B01L 2400/0409 20130101; B01L 2400/0633 20130101;
B01L 3/5021 20130101; B01D 21/0036 20130101; B01L 2400/0644
20130101 |
International
Class: |
B01L 3/00 20060101
B01L003/00; G01N 33/49 20060101 G01N033/49; B01D 21/26 20060101
B01D021/26; B01D 21/00 20060101 B01D021/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 15, 2015 |
PL |
P.413910 |
Sep 15, 2016 |
PL |
P.418711 |
Claims
1. A device for a centrifugation container, for separation of
liquid fractions having a desired density range, for biological
and/or liquids forming suspensions, the device comprising: a
partition that separates an interior of the container into at least
two chambers in a vertical arrangement--an upper chamber and a
lower chamber, and the device having the partition has an aperture
lined up with a guide, on which a fluid sample, can flow down from
an upper chamber to a lower chamber, of the container for
centrifugation.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the guide is an inner
wall of centrifuge container, a spiral, funnel or vertical elements
in the shape of an elongated cylinder.
3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the partition consists
of two adjacent surfaces with apertures, in the shape of flattened
disks fitted to a container having a cross section similar to the
wheel, wherein the surfaces are movable with respect to each other
and positioning relative to each other can be adjusted allowing for
closing communication via partition apertures.
4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the upper chamber
further comprises a vertical partition or partitions dividing the
upper chamber into sub-chambers each of the sub-chambers having an
apertures.
5. A container for centrifugation comprising device for
centrifugation container, for separation of liquid samples having a
desired density range, forming a suspension or biological fluids,
the device has a partition that separates an interior of the
container into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, and the
partition has an aperture and near the aperture is a guide along
which the down-flow of separation liquids flow to the lower chamber
of the centrifugation container.
6. A method for separating out a fraction having a desired density
range from a biological sample containing fractions of different
density, comprising: a) providing a container with the device for
the centrifuge container, for separation of liquid sample to
fractions having a desired density range by density gradient
centrifugation, the liquid sample being suspensions or biological
fluids, b) filling a lower chamber of the container with medium for
density gradient separation, or an upper chamber of the container
is filled with the medium, which then through an aperture in a
device partition flows down on a guide to the lower chamber; c)
pouring the fluid sample designated to be separated to fractions of
different densities into the lower chamber, by filling the upper
chamber or at least one of upper sub-chambers or by attaching the
upper chamber to the device partition so that fluid sample flows
down to the lower chamber through the aperture in the device
partition and then along the guide and layer on the surface of
separation liquids already present in the lower chamber,
maintaining an interphase between liquids; d) centrifuging the
separation container until the sample separates into fractions of
different density.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein step (b) is followed by
an additional step or steps (b) which entails addition of an
additional medium for density gradient separation, additional media
are added in order from highest to lowest density.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein after step (d) selected
fractions of different density from separated liquid sample can be
studied, tested and analyzed, these fractions are preserved by
freezing.
9. The method according to claim 6, wherein in case of separating
blood to fractions of different density, each separated fraction
(with different) density contains different blood elements
including: leukocytes, platelets, erythrocytes, bone marrow cells,
cells suspended in homogenate including endothelial cells, neurons,
fungus, viruses, microparticles including exosomes, cellular
fragments, cell organelles including nuclei, mitochondria,
chloroplasts.
10. A kit comprising: a) the device for a container for
centrifugation, for separation of liquid sample to fractions of
different density by density centrifugation, liquids of the liquid
sample forming a suspension or comprising biological fluids,
wherein the device has a partition dividing an interior of the
container into an upper chamber and a lower compartment, wherein
the partition has an aperture with a guide, along which the liquid
sample flows, to the lower chamber of the container for
centrifugation b) at least one medium for density gradient
separation.
Description
[0001] The invention relates to a device, a container with the
device and a method for fluid separation by means of density
gradient centrifugation. At the same time the invention relates to
a kit for carrying out the method. In particular, the invention is
used to separate body fluids e g animal blood, human blood, for
further analyses like clinical diagnostics or research. This
invention relates to the fields of containers for laboratory use,
in particular to a specialized centrifugal tubes/containers.
Another purpose of the invention relates to the area associated
with testing or analyzing of materials by determining their
chemical, physical or biological properties, in particular the
analysis of liquid biological material, for example blood.
STATE OF THE ART
[0002] Collection, purification, separation into fractions and/or
preservation of fluid samples, including blood, play an important
role in medical diagnostics as well as in clinical trials. In the
case of conventional systems and methods for collecting blood
samples on a large scale, a blood sample obtained from a patient
can be separated into different fractions by centrifugation,
filtration, or elutriation and stored for later use or further
testing. The separated blood components typically include fractions
of red cells, white cells, platelets and plasma. Blood separation
into its fractions can be performed continuously during collection
of blood or in steps after it has been collected. It is critical
for a number of therapeutic applications and for purposes of
clinical trials that blood separation into its various fractions
takes places in a highly sterile conditions.
[0003] There are many methods for blood separation into its
fractions. State-of-the-art methods require the use of high-quality
specialized medical devices as well as highly trained personnel for
their correct operation.
[0004] A technique is known, from the international patent
application WO8805331, to separate white blood cells (leukocytes)
from red blood cells (erythrocytes). It involves mixing a blood
sample with a working solution which then aggregates the red blood
cells, as a result the sedimentation rate of agglutinated red blood
cells increases. The density of the separation fluids is adjusted
such that the sedimentation process of white blood cells is only
slightly altered. This prevents the sedimentation of the white
blood cells on bottom of container, after separation white blood
cells can be collected from the upper portion of the separated
blood sample, while at the same time red blood cells sediment to
the bottom of the container.
[0005] Yet another technique, where the working solution for
aggregation of the red blood cells is not mixed with blood, blood
sample is carefully layered onto a surface of working separation
fluids. As a result, the red blood cells start to agglutinate or
aggregate on the interface surface between blood and separation
liquids and sink to the bottom of the tube. There are several
well-known polymer-based compounds which cause agglutination of red
blood cells, for example. FICOLL 400 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals,
Sweden). Separation of the blood can take place under the influence
of gravity or under the influence of the centrifugation. As an
effect of separation, majority of white blood cells remains at the
liquid interface. However, this methods cannot separate white blood
cells to subpopulations, e.g. to peripheral blood mononuclear cells
(PBMC) and to polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). The most needed method
would consist of a one-step process where a separation medium has
density that allows separating white blood cells into
subpopulations simultaneously.
[0006] In order to separate subpopulations of white blood cells,
one of the known methods for isolation of mononuclear white blood
cells (PBMC) employs density gradient centrifugation. In the first
step of this method, a mixture of Isopaque-Ficoll (Nyegaard &
Co., Norway) with metrizoat as a main component, is being used. The
second step of this method enables isolation of PMN fraction from
blood employing dextran or gelatin, which causes increased
sedimentation of red blood cells. Another method uses a
discontinuous density gradients where two or more working fluids
are carefully layered on top of each other. Densities are chosen
such that the noncontinuous gradient is in the optimal required
range--it is being chosen according to the density of separated
substance.
[0007] Yet another U.S. Pat. No. 4,824,560 A discloses methods and
means of rotation of the tubular container having at least two
adjacent chambers which are connected to each other by a narrow,
capillary-like opening. Operation principles are as following: the
working fluid is placed in the lower chamber, and the fluid to be
separated into fractions is applied in the upper chamber. There is
no need for any special precautions to avoid mixing of the fluids
before centrifugation. This method has several advantages over the
manual methods described above. It also possess a disadvantage
because the narrow opening between the two chambers prevents
efficient passage of blood cells between the two chambers, even
during centrifugation, as a result the efficiency of the blood
separation is reduced.
[0008] Significant difficulty in described above manual separation
methods is mainly in the sample preparation, in particular the
layering of working fluids used for separation of fluid sample of
different density, for example blood. It is essential for this
methods that liquids of different density do not mix with each
other and are separated by clear interface between them. In order
to properly achieve these conditions a various techniques have been
developed. An adequate and careful preparation and layering of the
liquids, one on top of the another, used for the blood separation
is one of them, mainly done by very careful pipetting of the
liquids into the container for further separation into fractions by
means of centrifugation (in order to obtain density gradient).
Unfortunately, all of these procedures are cumbersome, difficult to
perform, can introduce the possibility of random human errors, and
in addition require highly qualified personnel, what entails high
maintenance costs, reduces the reproducibility of the procedure and
makes it impossible to carry out separations on a large scale.
[0009] The aim of the embodiments of the present invention is to
provide a tool for the rapid and partly automated separation of
fluids into fractions of various densities like in case of
biological fluids, including blood, which also may allow for
purification, isolation and preservation of biological samples.
[0010] Definitions
[0011] The following terms will be used in the text of the
description of the invention and the claims: [0012] "Container"
includes any receptacle for collecting liquid, which is adapted to
use in centrifuges, for example centrifugal tubes. [0013] "Guide"
is a part of the device which controls fluid flow speed and
direction while flowing from the upper chamber to the lower chamber
through the opening in the partition disk, wherein the guide should
have an adequate size, to allow flow and layering of one liquid
from the upper chamber on top of the other liquid in the lower
chamber in particular the fluid sample on the separation
fluid/medium already located at the bottom of the container. Guide
in accordance to this invention can be a container wall or other
structure within the container e.g. a spiral elongated sleeve,
etc.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0014] The invention relates to a device for a centrifugation
container, particularly to a tube, for separation of liquid
fractions having a desired density range, in particular invention
applies to biological and/or liquids forming suspensions,
characterized by the device having a partition that separates the
interior of the container into at least two chambers in a vertical
arrangement--an upper chamber and a lower chamber, and the device
having the partition has an aperture which can be lined up with the
guide, on which liquids, in particular fluid sample, can flow down
from upper chamber to lower chamber, of the container for
centrifugation.
[0015] In preferred embodiment of this invention, the guide is the
inner wall of centrifuge container, a spiral, funnel or vertical
elements in the shape of an elongated cylinder.
[0016] Preferably, the partition disk consists of two adjacent
surfaces with apertures, in particular in the shape of flattened
disks fitted to a container having a cross section similar to the
wheel, where the surfaces are movable with respect to each other
and their positioning relative to each other can be adjusted
allowing for closing communication via partition apertures.
[0017] Preferably, the upper chamber additionally have a vertical
partition or partitions dividing it into sub-chambers, each of the
sub-chambers having an aperture.
[0018] In another aspect, the invention relates to a container for
centrifugation comprising device for centrifugation container,
particularly for a tube, for separation of liquid samples having a
desired density range, particularly liquid forming a suspension or
biological fluids, the device has a partition that separates the
interior of the container into an upper chamber and a lower
chamber, and the partition has an aperture, and near the aperture
there is a guide along which the down-flow of liquids takes place,
especially separation liquids flow to the lower chamber of the
centrifugation container.
[0019] The partition has a aperture where a guide is placed close
by along which the down-flow of liquids takes place, especially
separation liquids flow to the lower chamber of the centrifugation
container.
[0020] The invention also includes the method for separating out a
fraction having the desired density range from the sample
containing fractions of different density, especially from a
biological sample, comprising: [0021] a) providing a container with
the device for the centrifuge container, in particular for a tube,
for the separation of liquid sample to fractions having a desired
density range by density gradient centrifugation, particularly
liquid being suspensions or biological fluids, [0022] b) filling
the lower chamber of the container with medium for density gradient
separation, or the upper container chamber is filled with the
medium, which then through a aperture in the partition flows down
on the guide to the lower chamber; [0023] c) pouring the fluid
sample (designated to be separated to fractions of different
densities) into the lower chamber, by filling the upper chamber or
at least one upper sub-chambers or by attaching the upper chamber
to the device partition so that fluid sample can flow-down to the
lower chamber through the aperture in the device partition and then
along the guide and layer on the surface of separation liquids
already present in the lower chamber (maintaining the interphase
between liquids). [0024] d) centrifuging the separation container
until the sample separates into fractions of different density.
[0025] Preferably, step (b) is followed by an additional step or
steps of (b) which entails addition of an additional medium for
density gradient separation, additional media are added in the
order from highest to lowest density.
[0026] Yet preferably, after step (d) selected fractions of
different density from separated liquid sample can be studied,
tested and analyzed, these fractions can also be preserved by
freezing.
[0027] Preferably, in case of separating blood to fractions of
different density, each separated fraction (each with different
density) contains different blood elements including: leukocytes
(lymphocytes and granulocytes), platelets, erythrocytes, bone
marrow cells (megakaryocytes, erythroblasts), cells suspended in
homogenate including endothelial cells, neurons, fungus, viruses,
microparticles including exosomes, cellular fragments, cell
organelles including nuclei, mitochondria, chloroplasts.
[0028] The invention also relates to a kit comprising: [0029] a)
the device for the container for centrifugation, in particular for
tubes for separation of liquid sample to fractions of different
density by density centrifugation, particularly liquids forming a
suspension or biological fluids, whereas device has a partition
dividing the interior of the container to the upper chamber and a
lower compartment, wherein the partition has an aperture, the
aperture `s guide, along which fluids flow-down, in particular
liquid sample, to the lower chamber of the container for
centrifugation [0030] b) at least one medium for density gradient
separation.
[0031] For a better understanding presented figures illustrate
several embodiments of this invention. Presented illustrations do
not show all possible embodiments of the invention therefore this
invention cannot be limited to solutions presented in
illustrations. Illustrations present:
[0032] FIG. 1 illustrates a container in the shape of a centrifuge
tube, intended for collecting fluids, especially biological
material, it also illustrates the device which together with the
container is used for density gradient liquids separation,
according to the invention--the device enables layering of liquids
in the container, prior centrifugation, one on top of another with
maintaining clear interphase between them.
[0033] FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 illustrate respectively a longitudinal
sectional view and a side view of a container in the shape of a
centrifuge tube, wherein, for a better understanding of the
invention--the discs that the partition is built of are spaced
apart;
[0034] FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 illustrate respectively a side view and a
longitudinal section of the tube-shaped container with visible
narrowing of the inner diameter of the tube and with increasing
wall thickness.
[0035] FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-section through the
container-shaped tubes in the embodiment without vertical
partition, and illustrates the air duct in the device
partition,
[0036] FIG. 7a and FIG. 7b illustrate respectively a side view and
cross-section of the upper part of the device in the form of a disk
with incomplete vertical partition
[0037] FIG. 8a and FIG. 8b illustrate respectively a side view and
cross-section of the upper part of the device in the form of a disk
with vertical partition of rectangular shape,
[0038] FIG. 9a and FIG. 9b illustrate respectively a side view and
cross-section of the upper part of the device with vertical
partition build of three rectangles,
[0039] FIG. 10a and FIG. 10b illustrate respectively a side view
and cross-section of the upper part of the device with vertical
partition build of two intersecting rectangles forming a cross
shape.
[0040] FIG. 11a and FIG. 11b illustrate a sectional and a side view
of the partition disc with a cutout.
[0041] FIG. 12 illustrates one embodiment of the invention, wherein
the device is fitted onto the container for centrifugation.
[0042] FIG. 13 and FIG. 13a shows the device in a sectional side
and from top view, which allows fitting separate upper chamber on
top the device with guide in a form of elongated cylinder,
[0043] FIG. 14 and FIG. 14a and illustrates the device in a
sectional side and top view with a guide in the form of eight
elongated cylinders.
[0044] FIG. 15 and FIG. 15a shows the insert in a sectional side
and top view equipped with a guide in the form of spiral,
[0045] FIG. 16 and FIG. 16a shows the insert in a sectional side
and top view, equipped with a guide in a form of a funnel.
EMBODIMENT 1
[0046] As illustrated on FIG. 1 in the first embodiment of this
invention device 6 for the centrifuge container in a form of a
centrifuge tube is built of a flat circular disc 7, tightly fitted
to the inner walls of the tube partition, and another circular disc
8 which both 7 and 8 constitute the device partition and of a full
vertical partition 11 which is attached to disc 8. The device in
this embodiment of the invention is placed inside the
centrifugation container 1 which is a centrifugation tube with
0.23'' diameter. The device 6 in this embodiment is made of
plastic, but could also be made of other materials. A shown in FIG.
12 the device 6 can be placed in another container that can be
fitted on to the centrifuge container 1, in this case device is
outside of the centrifuge container 1.
[0047] In this embodiment inner walls of the centrifuge container 1
are at the same time the guide 12 and that centrifuge container
walls thickens, inner diameter of the centrifuge container
decreases gradually toward its' bottom. In this embodiment of the
invention inner wall of the container 1 is the guide 12, which
directs the down-flow of liquids from upper chamber 2 to the lower
chamber 3 via the aperture 4. Liquids--in particular biological
fluids being separated to fraction--flow down to the bottom of the
container 1 on and along the guide 12--being in this embodiment the
internal wall of the container 1--and liquids layer one on top of
the another on the bottom of the container 1. Flow-down of liquids
along or on the guide 12 prevents mixing of liquids, which
otherwise would impair separation of these liquids.
[0048] In this embodiment of this invention partition 7 has shape
of circular disc which in transverse section has shape of a circle
(FIG. 11a, FIG. 11b) and its' shape is tightly fitted to the
transverse section on the container 1, therefore the diameter of
the partition is longer on the top side compared to the bottom
side, and its' longitudinal section closely resembles the shape of
flattened inverted trapezium. Partition 7 divides container 1 to
upper chamber 2 and lower chamber 3. Partition in this embodiment
has an aperture 4 which is a notch in the shape resembling
semicircle.
[0049] As shown on FIGS. 8a and 8b, vertical partition 11 may have
a shape of rectangle, which adheres tightly to the inner walls of
the container 1, whereupon vertical partition 11 attached to the
disc 8 separates upper chamber 2 of the container 1 in the shape of
a tube to two sub-chambers 10a, 10b. In each half of the disc 8
shaped by the vertical partition 11 is one aperture 5 in a shape of
a notch, which can be closed by disc 8. I this embodiment of the
invention apertures 5 in a shape of a notch in disc 8 are in a
shape of semicircle. In other embodiments of the invention it is
possible to use discs 8 with apertures 5 in different shapes. The
shape of apertures 4, 5 and their positioning against each other
determines the speed of liquids down-flow from upper chamber 2 to
lower chamber 3.
[0050] In this embodiment of the invention apertures 4, 5 are in
shape of a semicircular notch with 0.115'' radius and have
identical shape. In different embodiments of the invention
apertures 4, 5 can have various shapes, and shapes can be different
from one another, however their diameter should not be bigger than
0.1''. In such arrangement of the partition 7 and disc 8 that
apertures 4, 5 are not overlapping, down-flow of liquids between
upper chamber 2 and lower chamber 3 is blocked and flow of liquids
cannot take place.
[0051] In this embodiment of the invention container 1 is equipped
with lid 9. In one embodiment of the invention lid 9 has a gap,
through which protrudes upper part of the vertical partition 11 of
the device 6. Such location of the vertical partition 11 enables
changes of the position of the disc 8 in relation to disc 7 by
turning of the protruding part of the vertical partition 11 and at
the same time movable part of the lid 9. Container 1 and lid 9 has
a thread and is a nut. Alternatively lid without a gap 91 can be
used, wherein vertical partition 11 of the device is adjusted to
the length of the container 1 in such a way that after screwing
down the lid 9 vertical partition 11 tightly adheres to the inner
side of the lid 9. Lid 9 may be made of polymers and can have
calibrated scale for turning/screwing the lid 9. On the container 1
for centrifugation and on the lid 9 labels may be present to
facilitate correct adjusting/arranging of the apertures 4, 5
positions against each other.
[0052] Alternatively in different embodiments of the invention
different shapes and positions of the vertical partition 11. As
illustrated in FIGS. 7a and 7b, vertical partition 11 does not have
to adhere to the inner walls of the container 1, in which case
vertical partition 11 placed on disc 8 separates the tube only to
two chambers--upper chamber 2 and lower chamber 3 and upper chamber
2 is not further divided to additional sub-chambers. In this
embodiment of the invention, disc 8 is equipped in one aperture 5
in a shape of a notch, in the other embodiment of the invention
shape of the disc 8 could be limited to the size that would enable
closure of the apertures 4 in the disc 7.
[0053] As illustrated in the FIGS. 9a and 9b, vertical partition 11
can be built of three elements in the shape of a rectangle
connected with each other with longer edges, which other edges
adhere tightly to the inner wall of the container 1, in this
embodiment vertical partition 11 placed on the disc 8 divides upper
chamber 2 of the container 1 in the shape of the tube to three
sub-chambers. In this embodiment, disc 8 has three notches 5, one
in each of the sub-chambers.
[0054] As illustrated in FIGS. 10a and 10b, vertical partition 11
may be built of four rectangles connected with each other, which
edges adhere tightly to the inner wall of the container 1, in this
embodiment vertical partition 11 placed on the disc 8 divides upper
chamber 2 of the container 1 in the shape of the tube to four
sub-chambers. In this embodiment, disc 8 has four notches 5, one in
each of the sub-chambers.
[0055] Device 6 may also be used in containers 1 shaped differently
than centrifuge tube presented in this example of invention
embodiment, however there has to be a method that allows to
centrifuge this container.
EMBODIMENT 2
[0056] FIGS. 13 and 13a show another embodiment of the invention,
wherein the device 6 has a baffle 7, which does not have an upper
chamber but allows the connection through a tube (see part 16) down
to upper partition in a form of a container (for example, a test
tube, pouch, bag) with separation medium or separation liquid.
Subsequently, the partition is equipped with a guide 12 in a form
of an elongated cylinder which is attached to the partition 7 and
is situated at a distance from the aperture 4. This allows fluid
flow from the upper chamber 16 through the tube followed by the
aperture in the partition along the guide the lower chamber 3. In
this embodiment, the elongated cylinder forms a guide 12 and its
length is such that the test material spreads gently on a surface
of the centrifugal medium used in the gradient separation method
and it does not cause significant disturbances to the separation
medium.
EMBODIMENT 3
[0057] FIGS. 14 and 14a show another embodiment of the invention,
wherein the insert 6 has a partition 7, equipped with a guide 12 in
a form of eight elongated rollers which are anchored to partition 7
and are located at such distance from the aperture 4, which allows
the liquid to flow from the upper chamber through the aperture, in
the partition along the guide, to the lower chamber 3. In this
embodiment, the length of the guide for the elongated rollers 12 is
such that the test material spreads gently on a surface of the
centrifugal medium used in the gradient separation method and it
does not cause significant disturbances to the separation
medium.
EMBODIMENT 4
[0058] On the other hand, FIGS. 15 and 15a show yet another
embodiment of the invention, wherein the device 6 has a partition 7
equipped a guide 12 in the shape of a spiral. In analogy to Example
2, the length of the coil should be such that the test material
spreads gently on a surface of the centrifugal medium used in the
gradient separation method and it does not cause significant
disturbances to the separation medium.
EMBODIMENT 5
[0059] FIGS. 16, 16a and 16b show yet another embodiment of the
invention, wherein the insert 6 has a partition 7 provided with a
guide 12 in the shape of a funnel. Wherein the four holes in the
partition 7 directs the fluids from the upper chamber so as to roll
down the outer surface of the funnel to the bottom of the lower
chamber 3. In analogy to Example 2, the length of the coil should
be such that the test material spread over a surface of the medium
to the gradient centrifugation thereby causing no significant
adverse to the separation medium.
EMBODIMENT 6
[0060] Method for separation of fractions of given density from
fluid sample with fractions of different density according to the
invention can be achieved by, filling two sub-chambers 10a, 10b of
the upper chamber 2 with two media for separation in on density
gradient, first medium has density of 1.119 g/mL second medium has
density of 1.077 g/mL (respectively Histopaque 1.119 and Histopaque
1.007 Sigma Aldrich), at the same time apertures 4, 5 being
notches--respectively in disc 7 and disc 8--are not overlapping and
remain in closed position. Next by changing the position of disc 8
by its' turning, apertures 4, 5 overlap each other in such a way
that enables down-flow of mediums from the upper chamber 2 to the
lower chamber 3. Down-flow occurs on and along the guide 12 which
in this embodiment is the internal wall of the container 1. Media
are added one by one starting from the highest density to the
lowest density, and interface is established between media of
different densities. Next to one of the empty sub-chambers 10, with
closed down-flow between the upper chamber 2 and the lower chamber
3, fluid or mixture designated to be separated to fractions of
different densities in density gradient centrifugation e.g. native
or diluted blood.
[0061] The size of the clearance created by apertures 4, 5 being
the notches of respectively disc 7 and disc 8 can be controlled by
regulation of positions of disc 7 and disc 8 against each other.
Slow turning of the upper part of the vertical partition 11, and
subsequently disc 8, causes gradual increase of the down-flow
velocity up to the moment when expected velocity, of liquid
down-flow from the upper chamber 2 to the lower chamber 3, is
achieved. By regulation of positions of disc 7 and disc 8 against
each other, liquid down-flow can be controlled in order to achieve
stable laminar flow of liquid on and along the internal wall 12 of
the centrifuge container 1. Construction of discs 7 and disc 8
according to the invention ensures very gentle down-flow of the
liquid from the upper chamber 2 to the lower chamber 3 of the
centrifuge container 1 in such a way that the surface of the liquid
is intact and subsequently added liquids which down-flows from the
upper chamber 2 does not mix with the liquid already present in the
lower chamber 3.
[0062] After stratified down-flow of the two liquids for separation
on density gradient these liquids layer one on top of the another
because of different density, analyzed sample was added--blood in
this case--although it is possible to use different types of
separation liquids, including native or diluted biological samples.
Blood was first placed in sub-chamber 10a, and next after turning
the disc 8 of the device 6 in such a way that aperture 4 of the
disc 7 was overlapping at least partially with respective aperture
5 in the disc 8 of the device 6 and enables down-flow of the blood
on and along the inner wall 12 of the container 1 from the
sub-chamber 10a to the lower chamber 3 layering it on the surface
of previously placed separation media. Because of the device 6
construction it is not necessary to place the biological material
in the container 1 with extraordinary precision and care.
[0063] Next blood in lower chamber 3 of the container 1 is
centrifuged according to methods known in the field. During
centrifugation two directional flow of liquids occurs within
different compartments created by separation liquids of different
density in the lower chamber 3, at the end of centrifugation
continuous density gradient establishes with red blood cells
sedimenting to the bottom creating lowest placed layer, layer above
is a liquid of 1.119 g/mL density, layer above is layer of
polymorphonuclear cells, layer above is a liquid of 1.077 g/mL
density, layer above is layer of peripheral blood mononuclear
cells, layer above is the highest layer of plasma. After removing
of the insert, each layer of cells/or fluid can be removed by
aspiration with the use of a pipet or by decantation.
EMBODIMENT 7
[0064] Insert and method of the invention is used, for example, for
separating the desired subset of blood cells. In this embodiment of
ten samples of blood were taken from healthy volunteers (20 ml of
venous blood) to a commercially available tubes with versene acid
(EDTA) (EDTA tube, Becton Dickinson). In this experiment, the
volume of the centrifuge tube 1 of which the essence of the
invention was 50 ml, was also used for the separation of two media
of different densities (Histopaque 1119 and Histopaque 1077 Sigma
Aldrich). For the separation of fluids used have a neutral pH, be
isotonic to body fluids, the first separation medium to have a
density of 1.119 g/ml, while the second had a density of 1.077
g/ml.
[0065] Then 10 ml of a medium provided for the separation of a
density of 1.119 g/ml in sub-chamber 10a into the upper chamber 2
of the container 1 for centrifugation provided with the device 6 of
the invention. A second fluid having a density of 1.077 g/ml with a
volume of 10 ml was placed in sub-chamber 10b of the upper chamber
2, and then laminated imposed by the first medium by means of an
insert 6 of the invention described above. In the experiment
divider had a thickness of 0.08'' and the cutouts 4, 5, 7 and the
baffle disc 8 have a radius of 0.115''. Then, the collected blood
is versene acid (EDTA) provided in the upper sub-chamber 10a of the
chamber 2. Each blood sample was applied to the surface layer media
separation by the insert 6 of the invention described above.
[0066] In a further step, all tubes were centrifuged at 700 g (with
minimal acceleration and without active braking) for 30 minutes at
room temperature. In the process of density centrifugation, the
blood was separated into four fractions: plasma, mononuclear white
blood cells (PBMC), white blood cells with a segmented nucleus
(PMN), and Czerwonki cells. Purity fraction of PBMC and PMN was
confirmed by flow cytometry. Purity PBMC and PMN in the fractions
was 95% and 92%. PBMC and PMN were undetectable in plasma
fractions. Isolated plasma, PBMC and PMN were suitable for further
analysis, including, but not limited to aPatryk, analysis: RNA,
micro-RNA, mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA, proteins and phenotyping
of the cells.
* * * * *