U.S. patent application number 15/757962 was filed with the patent office on 2018-08-30 for interlayer film for laminated glass, and laminated glass.
The applicant listed for this patent is SEKISUI CHEMICAL CO., LTD.. Invention is credited to Tatsuya Iwamoto, Nami Minakuchi.
Application Number | 20180244020 15/757962 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 58239890 |
Filed Date | 2018-08-30 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180244020 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Iwamoto; Tatsuya ; et
al. |
August 30, 2018 |
INTERLAYER FILM FOR LAMINATED GLASS, AND LAMINATED GLASS
Abstract
There is provided an interlayer film for laminated glass with
which the sound insulating properties in a high frequency area of
2000 Hz or more can be effectively enhanced. The interlayer film
for laminated glass according to the present invention has a three
or more-layer structure and is provided with a first layer
containing a thermoplastic resin, a second layer containing a
thermoplastic resin, and a third layer containing a thermoplastic
resin, the second layer is arranged on a first surface side of the
first layer, the third layer is arranged on a second surface side
opposite to the first surface of the first layer, the glass
transition temperature of the first layer is lower than the glass
transition temperature of the second layer, the glass transition
temperature of the first layer is lower than the glass transition
temperature of the third layer, the ratio of the thickness of the
first layer to the total thickness of the second layer and the
third layer is 0.25 or more, and the thickness of the interlayer
film is more than 600 .mu.m.
Inventors: |
Iwamoto; Tatsuya;
(Kouka-city, Shiga, JP) ; Minakuchi; Nami;
(Kouka-city, Shiga, JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SEKISUI CHEMICAL CO., LTD. |
Osaka-city, Osaka |
|
JP |
|
|
Family ID: |
58239890 |
Appl. No.: |
15/757962 |
Filed: |
September 9, 2016 |
PCT Filed: |
September 9, 2016 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP2016/076598 |
371 Date: |
March 6, 2018 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B32B 2307/102 20130101;
B32B 2329/00 20130101; B32B 17/10788 20130101; B60J 1/00 20130101;
B32B 27/306 20130101; B32B 17/10678 20130101; B32B 2329/06
20130101; B32B 17/10036 20130101; B32B 17/10761 20130101; B32B
27/08 20130101; B32B 27/30 20130101; B32B 27/22 20130101; B32B
17/1077 20130101; B32B 2250/03 20130101 |
International
Class: |
B32B 17/10 20060101
B32B017/10; B32B 27/08 20060101 B32B027/08; B32B 27/30 20060101
B32B027/30; B32B 27/22 20060101 B32B027/22 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 11, 2015 |
JP |
2015-180215 |
Sep 11, 2015 |
JP |
2015-180216 |
Sep 11, 2015 |
JP |
2015-180217 |
Feb 5, 2016 |
JP |
2016-021340 |
Claims
1. An interlayer film for laminated glass, having a three or
more-layer structure, comprising: a first layer containing a
thermoplastic resin; a second layer containing a thermoplastic
resin; and a third layer containing a thermoplastic resin, the
second layer being arranged on a first surface side of the first
layer, the third layer being arranged on a second surface side
opposite to the first surface of the first layer, the glass
transition temperature of the first layer being lower than the
glass transition temperature of the second layer, the glass
transition temperature of the first layer being lower than the
glass transition temperature of the third layer, the ratio of the
thickness of the first layer to the total thickness of the second
layer and the third layer being 0.25 or more, and the thickness of
the interlayer film being more than 600 .mu.m.
2. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1,
wherein the thermoplastic resin in the first layer is a polyvinyl
acetal resin and the content of the hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl
acetal resin in the first layer is 30% by mole or less.
3. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1,
being provided with the second layer as a surface layer of the
interlayer film and being provided with the third layer as a
surface layer of the interlayer.
4. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1,
wherein the thermoplastic resin in the first layer is a polyvinyl
acetal resin, the thermoplastic resin in the second layer is a
polyvinyl acetal resin, and the thermoplastic resin in the third
layer is a polyvinyl acetal resin.
5. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1,
wherein the first layer contains a plasticizer, the second layer
contains a plasticizer, and the third layer contains a
plasticizer.
6. Laminated glass, comprising: a first lamination glass member; a
second lamination glass member; and the interlayer film for
laminated glass according to claim 1, the interlayer film for
laminated glass being arranged between the first lamination glass
member and the second lamination glass member.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to an interlayer film for
laminated glass which is used for obtaining laminated glass.
Moreover, the present invention relates to laminated glass prepared
with the interlayer film for laminated glass.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Since laminated glass generates only a small amount of
scattering glass fragments even when subjected to external impact
and broken, laminated glass is excellent in safety. As such, the
laminated glass is widely used for automobiles, railway vehicles,
aircraft, ships, buildings, and the like. The laminated glass is
produced by sandwiching an interlayer film for laminated glass
between two glass plates.
[0003] Examples of the interlayer film for laminated glass include
a single-layered interlayer film having a one-layer structure and a
multi-layered interlayer film having a two or more-layer
structure.
[0004] As an example of the interlayer film for laminated glass,
the following Patent Document 1 discloses a sound insulating layer
including 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl acetal resin with an
acetalization degree of 60 to 85% by mole, 0.001 to 1.0 part by
weight of at least one kind of metal salt among an alkali metal
salt and an alkaline earth metal salt, and a plasticizer in an
amount more than 30 parts by weight. This sound insulating layer
can be used alone as a single-layered interlayer film.
[0005] Furthermore, the following Patent Document 1 also describes
a multi-layered interlayer film in which the sound insulating layer
and another layer are layered. Another layer to be layered with the
sound insulating layer includes 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl
acetal resin with an acetalization degree of 60 to 85% by mole,
0.001 to 1.0 part by weight of at least one kind of metal salt
among an alkali metal salt and an alkaline earth metal salt, and a
plasticizer in an amount of 30 parts by weight or less.
[0006] The following Patent Document 2 discloses an interlayer film
which is constituted of a polymer layer having a glass transition
temperature of 33.degree. C. or more.
RELATED ART DOCUMENTS
Patent Documents
[0007] Patent Document 1: JP 2007-070200 A [0008] Patent Document
2: US 2013/0236711 A1
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
[0009] With regard to laminated glass prepared with such
conventional interlayer films described in Patent Documents 1 and
2, the sound insulating properties in a high frequency area of 1000
Hz or more of the laminated glass are not sufficient. Moreover, it
is difficult to sufficiently heighten the sound insulating
properties in a high frequency area of 2000 Hz or more of the
laminated glass and it is further difficult to sufficiently
heighten the sound insulating properties in a high frequency area
of about 4000 Hz of the laminated glass.
[0010] An object of the present invention is to provide an
interlayer film for laminated glass with which the sound insulating
properties in a high frequency area of 2000 Hz or more can be
effectively enhanced. Moreover, the present invention is also aimed
at providing laminated glass prepared with the interlayer film for
laminated glass.
Means for Solving the Problems
[0011] According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there
is provided an interlayer film for laminated glass (hereinafter,
sometimes abbreviated as an interlayer film) having a three or
more-layer structure and being provided with a first layer
containing a thermoplastic resin, a second layer containing a
thermoplastic resin, and a third layer containing a thermoplastic
resin, the second layer being arranged on a first surface side of
the first layer, the third layer being arranged on a second surface
side opposite to the first surface of the first layer, the glass
transition temperature of the first layer being lower than the
glass transition temperature of the second layer, the glass
transition temperature of the first layer being lower than the
glass transition temperature of the third layer, the ratio of the
thickness of the first layer to the total thickness of the second
layer and the third layer being 0.25 or more, and the thickness of
the interlayer film being more than 600 .mu.m.
[0012] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the
present invention, the thermoplastic resin in the first layer is a
polyvinyl acetal resin and the content of the hydroxyl group of the
polyvinyl acetal resin in the first layer is 30% by mole or
less.
[0013] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film according to the
present invention, the interlayer film is provided with the second
layer as a surface layer and is provided with the third layer as a
surface layer.
[0014] It is preferred that the thermoplastic resin in the first
layer be a polyvinyl acetal resin. It is preferred that the
thermoplastic resin in the second layer be a polyvinyl acetal
resin. It is preferred that the thermoplastic resin in the third
layer be a polyvinyl acetal resin. It is preferred that the first
layer contain a plasticizer. It is preferred that the second layer
contain a plasticizer. It is preferred that the third layer contain
a plasticizer.
[0015] According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there
is provided laminated glass including a first lamination glass
member, a second lamination glass member, and the above-described
interlayer film for laminated glass, the interlayer film for
laminated glass being arranged between the first lamination glass
member and the second lamination glass member.
Effect of the Invention
[0016] Since the interlayer film for laminated glass according to
the present invention has a three or more-layer structure and is
provided with a first layer containing a thermoplastic resin, a
second layer containing a thermoplastic resin, and a third layer
containing a thermoplastic resin, the second layer is arranged on a
first surface side of the first layer, the third layer is arranged
on a second surface side opposite to the first surface of the first
layer, the glass transition temperature of the first layer is lower
than the glass transition temperature of the second layer, the
glass transition temperature of the first layer is lower than the
glass transition temperature of the third layer, the ratio of the
thickness of the first layer to the total thickness of the second
layer and the third layer is 0.25 or more, and the thickness of the
interlayer film is more than 600 .mu.m, the sound insulating
properties in a high frequency area of 2000 Hz or more can be
effectively enhanced.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0017] FIG. 1 is a sectional view schematically showing an
interlayer film for laminated glass in accordance with a first
embodiment of the present invention.
[0018] FIG. 2 is a sectional view schematically showing an example
of laminated glass prepared with the interlayer film for laminated
glass shown in FIG. 1.
MODE(S) FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0019] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in
detail.
[0020] The interlayer film for laminated glass (hereinafter,
sometimes abbreviated as "the interlayer film") according to the
present invention has a three or more-layer structure. The
interlayer film according to the present invention may have a
three-layer structure and may have a three or more-layer
structure.
[0021] The interlayer film according to the present invention is
provided with a first layer containing a thermoplastic resin, a
second layer containing a thermoplastic resin, and a third layer
containing a thermoplastic resin. In the interlayer film according
to the present invention, the second layer is arranged on a first
surface side of the first layer. In the interlayer film according
to the present invention, the third layer is arranged on a second
surface side opposite to the first surface of the first layer.
[0022] Furthermore, in the interlayer film according to the present
invention, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the first layer
is lower than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the second
layer. In the interlayer film according to the present invention,
the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the first layer is lower
than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the third layer.
[0023] Furthermore, in the interlayer film according to the present
invention, a ratio (T1/(T2+T3)) of the thickness of the first layer
(T1) to the total thickness of the second layer and the third layer
(T2+T3) is 0.25 or more.
[0024] And furthermore, the thickness of the interlayer film
according to the present invention is more than 600 .mu.m.
[0025] In recent years, fueled vehicles employing an internal
combustion engine have been shifting to electric vehicles employing
an electric motor, hybrid electric vehicles employing an internal
combustion engine and an electric motor, and the like. In laminated
glass used for a fueled vehicle employing an internal combustion
engine, the sound insulating properties in a relatively low
frequency area are especially required. However, even in the
laminated glass used for a fueled vehicle employing an internal
combustion engine, it is desirable that the sound insulating
properties in a high frequency area be high. In contrast, in
laminated glass used for an electric vehicle and a hybrid electric
vehicle which utilize an electric motor, high sound insulating
properties in a high frequency area are especially required for
effectively cutting off driving sounds of the electric motor.
[0026] Since the interlayer film according to the present invention
is provided with the above-mentioned configuration, the sound
insulating properties in a high frequency area of 1000 Hz or more,
particularly 2000 Hz or more, can be effectively enhanced.
Furthermore, in the interlayer film according to the present
invention, the sound insulating properties in a high frequency area
of 2000 Hz or more can be further effectively enhanced, and
furthermore, the sound insulating properties in a high frequency
area of about 4000 Hz, which have hitherto been difficult to be
enhanced, can also be enhanced.
[0027] Moreover, in laminated glass prepared with a conventional
interlayer film, it is particularly difficult to sufficiently
heighten the sound insulating properties in a high frequency area
of 6300 Hz or more of the laminated glass. With the use of the
interlayer film according to the present invention, furthermore,
the sound insulating properties in a high frequency area of about
6300 Hz, which have hitherto been difficult to be enhanced, can
also be enhanced.
[0028] The present inventors have found out that, by combining the
constitution in which the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the
first layer is lower than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of
each of the second layer and the third layer, the constitution in
which the ratio (T1/(T2+T3)) is 0.25 or more, and the constitution
in which the thickness of the interlayer film is more than 600
.mu.m, the sound insulating properties in a high frequency area can
be effectively enhanced to the extent hardly attainable by the
conventional technique.
[0029] Furthermore, with the use of the interlayer film according
to the present invention, the penetration resistance of laminated
glass can also be enhanced. In the present invention, both high
sound insulating properties and high penetration resistance can be
achieved at the same time. In the present invention, the high
penetration resistance is brought about not only by being
relatively thick in thickness of the interlayer film but also by
the limited constituent features other than the thicknesses of the
first layer, the second layer, and the third layer.
[0030] Tg of the first layer is lower than Tg of the second layer.
From the viewpoint of effectively enhancing the sound insulating
properties in a high frequency area, the absolute value of a
difference between Tg of the first layer and Tg of the second layer
is preferably 32.degree. C. or more, more preferably 34.degree. C.
or more, and preferably 55.degree. C. or less, and more preferably
50.degree. C. or less.
[0031] Tg of the first layer is lower than Tg of the third layer.
From the viewpoint of effectively enhancing the sound insulating
properties in a high frequency area, the absolute value of a
difference between Tg of the first layer and Tg of the third layer
is preferably 32.degree. C. or more, more preferably 34.degree. C.
or more, and preferably 55.degree. C. or less, and more preferably
50.degree. C. or less.
[0032] From the viewpoint of effectively enhancing the sound
insulating properties in a high frequency area, Tg of the second
layer is preferably 32.degree. C. or more, more preferably
33.degree. C. or more, further preferably 34.degree. C. or more,
and preferably 45.degree. C. or less, and more preferably
44.degree. C. or less.
[0033] From the viewpoint of effectively enhancing the sound
insulating properties in a high frequency area, Tg of the third
layer is preferably 32.degree. C. or more, more preferably
33.degree. C. or more, further preferably 34.degree. C. or more,
and preferably 45.degree. C. or less, and more preferably
44.degree. C. or less.
[0034] Examples of a method of measuring the glass transition
temperature include a method of measuring the viscoelasticity of an
interlayer film with the use of a dynamic viscoelasticity measuring
apparatus "DMA+1000" available from 01 dB-Metravib immediately
after the interlayer film obtained is stored for 12 hours under an
environment of a room temperature of 23.+-.2.degree. C. and a
humidity of 25.+-.5%. It is preferred that the interlayer film or
each layer be cut into a size of 8 mm in longitudinal width by 5 mm
in lateral width and be measured, using the shear mode, for the
glass transition temperature under the condition in which the
temperature is increased from -30.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. at a
temperature increasing rate of 5.degree. C./minute and under the
condition of a frequency of 1 Hz and a strain of 0.08%.
[0035] The ratio (T1/(T2+T3)) is 0.25 or more. From the viewpoint
of effectively enhancing the sound insulating properties in a high
frequency area, the ratio (T1/(T2+T3)) is preferably 0.25 or more,
more preferably 0.3 or more, and preferably 0.65 or less, and more
preferably 0.6 or less.
[0036] The thickness of the interlayer film is more than 600 .mu.m.
From the viewpoints of effectively enhancing the sound insulating
properties in a high frequency area and attaining reduced weight of
laminated glass, the thickness of the interlayer film is preferably
610 .mu.m or more, more preferably 700 .mu.m or more, further
preferably 800 .mu.m or more, and preferably 2000 .mu.m or less,
and more preferably 1800 .mu.m or less. Moreover, when the
thickness of the interlayer film is the above lower limit or more,
the penetration resistance of laminated glass is further enhanced.
When the thickness of the interlayer film is the above upper limit
or less, the transparency of the interlayer film is further
improved. The thickness of the interlayer film may be 950 .mu.m or
less and may be 787 .mu.m or less.
[0037] In this connection, even when the thickness of an interlayer
film is 380 .mu.m or more and 600 .mu.m or less, it is possible to
heighten the sound insulating properties in a high frequency area
as long as the interlayer film is provided with the constitution in
which the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the first layer is
lower than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of each of the
second layer and the third layer. On the other hand, it has been
found out that making the thickness of the interlayer film more
than 600 .mu.m enables the effect of the present invention to be
exerted at a higher level.
[0038] From the viewpoint of effectively enhancing the sound
insulating properties in a high frequency area, the interlayer film
is provided with the first layer as a layer other than a surface
layer (a layer which is not a surface layer) and is provided with
the first layer as an intermediate layer. The first layer is not
used so as to be brought into contact with a lamination glass
member.
[0039] From the viewpoint of effectively enhancing the adhesivity
of an interlayer film to a lamination glass member and the sound
insulating properties in a high frequency area, it is preferred
that the interlayer film be provided with the second layer as a
surface layer.
[0040] From the viewpoint of effectively enhancing the adhesivity
of an interlayer film to a lamination glass member and the sound
insulating properties in a high frequency area, it is preferred
that the interlayer film be provided with the third layer as a
surface layer.
[0041] Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention
will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0042] FIG. 1 shows an interlayer film for laminated glass in
accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention
schematically represented as a sectional view.
[0043] An interlayer film 11 shown in FIG. 1 is a multi-layered
interlayer film having a three or more-layer structure. The
interlayer film 11 is used for obtaining laminated glass. The
interlayer film 11 is an interlayer film for laminated glass. The
interlayer film 11 is provided with a first layer 1, a second layer
2, and a third layer 3. The second layer 2 is arranged on a first
surface 1a of the first layer 1 to be layered thereon. The third
layer 3 is arranged on a second surface 1b opposite to the first
surface 1a of the first layer 1 to be layered thereon. The first
layer 1 is an intermediate layer. Each of the second layer 2 and
the third layer 3 is a protective layer and is a surface layer in
the present embodiment. The first layer 1 is arranged between the
second layer 2 and the third layer 3 to be sandwiched therebetween.
Accordingly, the interlayer film 11 has a multilayer structure (a
second layer 2/a first layer 1/a third layer 3) in which the second
layer 2, the first layer 1, and the third layer 3 are layered in
this order.
[0044] In this connection, additional layers may be arranged
between the second layer 2 and the first layer 1 and between the
first layer 1 and the third layer 3, respectively. It is preferred
that each of the second layer 2 and the third layer 3 be directly
layered on the first layer 1. Examples of the additional layer
include a layer containing polyethylene terephthalate and the
like.
[0045] It is preferred that the interlayer film be provided with
the second layer as a surface layer of the interlayer film. It is
preferred that the interlayer film be provided with the third layer
as a surface layer of the interlayer film.
[0046] Hereinafter, the details of the first layer, the second
layer and the third layer which constitute the interlayer film
according to the present invention, and the details of each
ingredient contained in the first layer, the second layer and the
third layer will be described.
[0047] (Polyvinyl Acetal Resin or Thermoplastic Resin)
[0048] The first layer contains a thermoplastic resin (hereinafter,
sometimes described as a thermoplastic resin (1)), and it is
preferred that the first layer contain a polyvinyl acetal resin
(hereinafter, sometimes described as a polyvinyl acetal resin (1))
as the thermoplastic resin (1). The second layer contains a
thermoplastic resin (hereinafter, sometimes described as a
thermoplastic resin (2)), and it is preferred that the second layer
contain a polyvinyl acetal resin (hereinafter, sometimes described
as a polyvinyl acetal resin (2)) as the thermoplastic resin (2). It
is preferred that the third layer contain a thermoplastic resin
(hereinafter, sometimes described as a thermoplastic resin (3)),
and it is preferred that the third layer contain a polyvinyl acetal
resin (hereinafter, sometimes described as a polyvinyl acetal resin
(3)) as the thermoplastic resin (3). One kind of each of the
thermoplastic resin (1), the thermoplastic resin (2), and the
thermoplastic resin (3) may be used alone and two or more kinds
thereof may be used in combination. The thermoplastic resin (1),
the thermoplastic resin (2), and the thermoplastic resin (3) may be
the same as or different from one another.
[0049] Examples of the thermoplastic resin include a polyvinyl
acetal resin, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, an
ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer resin, a polyurethane resin, a
polyvinyl alcohol resin, and the like. Thermoplastic resins other
than these may be used.
[0050] For example, the polyvinyl acetal resin can be obtained by
acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with an aldehyde. It is
preferred that the polyvinyl acetal resin be an acetalized product
of polyvinyl alcohol. For example, the polyvinyl alcohol can be
obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate. The saponification
degree of the polyvinyl alcohol generally falls within the range of
70 to 99.9% by mole.
[0051] The average polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol
(PVA) is preferably 200 or more, more preferably 500 or more, even
more preferably 1500 or more, further preferably 1600 or more,
especially preferably 2600 or more, most preferably 2700 or more,
and preferably 5000 or less, more preferably 4000 or less and
further preferably 3500 or less. When the average polymerization
degree is the above lower limit or more, the penetration resistance
of laminated glass is further enhanced. When the average
polymerization degree is the above upper limit or less, formation
of an interlayer film is facilitated.
[0052] The average polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol
is determined by a method in accordance with JIS K6726 "Testing
methods for polyvinyl alcohol".
[0053] It is preferred that the number of carbon atoms of the
acetal group in the polyvinyl acetal resin lie within the range of
3 to 5, and it is preferred that the number of carbon atoms of the
acetal group be 4 or 5.
[0054] In general, as the aldehyde, an aldehyde with 1 to 10 carbon
atoms is suitably used. Examples of the aldehyde with 1 to 10
carbon atoms include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde,
n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde,
2-ethylbutyraldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde, n-octylaldehyde,
n-nonylaldehyde, n-decylaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and the like.
Acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde,
n-hexylaldehyde, or n-valeraldehyde is preferred, acetaldehyde,
propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, or
n-valeraldehyde is more preferred, and n-butyraldehyde or
n-valeraldehyde is further preferred. One kind of the aldehyde may
be used alone and two or more kinds thereof may be used in
combination.
[0055] The content of the hydroxyl group (the amount of hydroxyl
groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is preferably 17% by mole
or more, more preferably 20% by mole or more, further preferably
22% by mole or more, and preferably 30% by mole or less, more
preferably 28% by mole or less, even more preferably 27% by mole or
less, further preferably 25% by mole or less, especially preferably
less than 25% by mole, and most preferably 24% by mole or less.
When the content of the hydroxyl group is the above lower limit or
more, the mechanical strength of the interlayer film is further
enhanced. In particular, when the content of the hydroxyl group of
the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is 20% by mole or more, the resin is
high in reaction efficiency and is excellent in productivity,
moreover, when being 30% by mole or less, the sound insulating
properties of laminated glass are further enhanced, and when being
28% by mole or less, the sound insulating properties are still
further enhanced. Moreover, when the content of the hydroxyl group
is the above upper limit or less, the flexibility of the interlayer
film is enhanced and the handling of the interlayer film is
facilitated.
[0056] The content of the hydroxyl group of each of the polyvinyl
acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) is preferably
25% by mole or more, more preferably 28% by mole or more, more
preferably 30% by mole or more, even more preferably more than 31%
by mole, further preferably 31.5% by mole or more, still further
preferably 32% by mole or more, especially preferably 33% by mole
or more, and preferably 37% by mole or less, more preferably 36.5%
by mole or less, and further preferably 36% by mole or less. When
the content of the hydroxyl group is the above lower limit or more,
the adhesive force of the interlayer film is further enhanced.
Moreover, when the content of the hydroxyl group is the above upper
limit or less, the flexibility of the interlayer film is enhanced
and the handling of the interlayer film is facilitated.
[0057] From the viewpoint of further enhancing the sound insulating
properties, it is preferred that the content of the hydroxyl group
of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) be lower than the content of the
hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and it is
preferred that the content of the hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl
acetal resin (1) be lower than the content of the hydroxyl group of
the polyvinyl acetal resin (3). From the viewpoint of still further
enhancing the sound insulating properties, each of the absolute
value of the difference between the content of the hydroxyl group
of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) and the content of the hydroxyl
group of the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the absolute value of
the difference between the content of the hydroxyl group of the
polyvinyl acetal resin (1) and the content of the hydroxyl group of
the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) is preferably 1% by mole or more,
more preferably 5% by mole or more, further preferably 9% by mole
or more, especially preferably 10% by mole or more, and most
preferably 12% by mole or more. Each of the absolute value of the
difference between the content of the hydroxyl group of the
polyvinyl acetal resin (1) and the content of the hydroxyl group of
the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the absolute value of the
difference between the content of the hydroxyl group of the
polyvinyl acetal resin (1) and the content of the hydroxyl group of
the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) is preferably 20% by mole or
less.
[0058] The content of the hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl acetal
resin is a mole fraction, represented in percentage, obtained by
dividing the amount of ethylene groups to which the hydroxyl group
is bonded by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain.
For example, the amount of ethylene groups to which the hydroxyl
group is bonded can be measured in accordance with JIS K6728
"Testing methods for polyvinyl butyral".
[0059] The acetylation degree (the amount of acetyl groups) of the
polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is preferably 0.01% by mole or more,
more preferably 0.1% by mole or more, even more preferably 7% by
mole or more, further preferably 9% by mole or more, and preferably
30% by mole or less, more preferably 25% by mole or less, further
preferably 24% by mole or less, and especially preferably 20% by
mole or less. When the acetylation degree is the above lower limit
or more, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and a
plasticizer is enhanced. When the acetylation degree is the above
upper limit or less, with regard to the interlayer film and
laminated glass, the moisture resistance thereof is enhanced. In
particular, when the acetylation degree of the polyvinyl acetal
resin (1) is 0.1% by mole or more and 25% by mole or less, the
resulting laminated glass is further excellent in penetration
resistance.
[0060] The acetylation degree of each of the polyvinyl acetal resin
(2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) is preferably 0.01% by mole
or more, more preferably 0.5% by mole or more, and preferably 10%
by mole or less, and more preferably 2% by mole or less. When the
acetylation degree is the above lower limit or more, the
compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and a plasticizer
is enhanced. When the acetylation degree is the above upper limit
or less, with regard to the interlayer film and laminated glass,
the moisture resistance thereof is enhanced.
[0061] The acetylation degree is a mole fraction, represented in
percentage, obtained by dividing the amount of ethylene groups to
which the acetyl group is bonded by the total amount of ethylene
groups in the main chain. For example, the amount of ethylene
groups to which the acetyl group is bonded can be measured in
accordance with JIS K6728 "Testing methods for polyvinyl
butyral".
[0062] The acetalization degree of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1)
(the butyralization degree in the case of a polyvinyl butyral
resin) is preferably 47% by mole or more, more preferably 60% by
mole or more, and preferably 85% by mole or less, more preferably
80% by mole or less and further preferably 75% by mole or less.
When the acetalization degree is the above lower limit or more, the
compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and a plasticizer
is enhanced. When the acetalization degree is the above upper limit
or less, the reaction time required for producing the polyvinyl
acetal resin is shortened.
[0063] The acetalization degree of each of the polyvinyl acetal
resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) (the butyralization
degree in the case of a polyvinyl butyral resin) is preferably 55%
by mole or more, more preferably 60% by mole or more, and
preferably 75% by mole or less and more preferably 71% by mole or
less. When the acetalization degree is the above lower limit or
more, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and a
plasticizer is enhanced. When the acetalization degree is the above
upper limit or less, the reaction time required for producing the
polyvinyl acetal resin is shortened.
[0064] The acetalization degree is a mole fraction, represented in
percentage, obtained by dividing a value obtained by subtracting
the amount of ethylene groups to which the hydroxyl group is bonded
and the amount of ethylene groups to which the acetyl group is
bonded from the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain
by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain.
[0065] In this connection, it is preferred that the content of the
hydroxyl group (the amount of hydroxyl groups), the acetalization
degree (the butyralization degree) and the acetylation degree be
calculated from the results measured by a method in accordance with
JIS K6728 "Testing methods for polyvinyl butyral". In this context,
a method in accordance with ASTM D1396-92 may be used. When the
polyvinyl acetal resin is a polyvinyl butyral resin, the content of
the hydroxyl group (the amount of hydroxyl groups), the
acetalization degree (the butyralization degree) and the
acetylation degree can be calculated from the results measured by a
method in accordance with JIS K6728 "Testing methods for polyvinyl
butyral".
[0066] From the viewpoint of further improving the penetration
resistance of laminated glass, it is preferred that the polyvinyl
acetal resin (1) be a polyvinyl acetal resin (A) with an
acetylation degree (a) of less than 8% by mole and an acetalization
degree (a) of 65% by mole or more or a polyvinyl acetal resin (B)
with an acetylation degree (b) of 8% by mole or more. Each of the
polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) may
be the polyvinyl acetal resin (A) and may be the polyvinyl acetal
resin (B).
[0067] The acetylation degree (a) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (A)
is less than 8% by mole, preferably 7.9% by mole or less, more
preferably 7.8% by mole or less, further preferably 6.5% by mole or
less, especially preferably 6% by mole or less, and preferably 0.1%
by mole or more, more preferably 0.5% by mole or more, further
preferably 5% by mole or more, and especially preferably 5.5% by
mole or more. When the acetylation degree (a) is 0.1% by mole or
more and less than 8% by mole, the transfer of a plasticizer can be
easily controlled and the sound insulating properties of laminated
glass are further enhanced.
[0068] The acetalization degree (a) of the polyvinyl acetal resin
(A) is 65% by mole or more, preferably 66% by mole or more, more
preferably 67% by mole or more, further preferably 67.5% by mole or
more, especially preferably 75% by mole or more, and preferably 85%
by mole or less, more preferably 84% by mole or less, further
preferably 83% by mole or less and especially preferably 82% by
mole or less. When the acetalization degree (a) is the above lower
limit or more, the sound insulating properties of laminated glass
are further enhanced. When the acetalization degree (a) is the
above upper limit or less, the reaction time required for producing
the polyvinyl acetal resin (A) can be shortened.
[0069] The content (a) of the hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl
acetal resin (A) is preferably 18% by mole or more, more preferably
19% by mole or more, further preferably 20% by mole or more,
especially preferably 21% by mole or more, most preferably 23% by
mole or more, and preferably 31% by mole or less, more preferably
30% by mole or less, further preferably 29% by mole or less, and
especially preferably 28% by mole or less. When the content (a) of
the hydroxyl group is the above lower limit or more, the adhesive
force of the second layer or the third layer to the first layer is
further enhanced when the second layer or the third layer is
directly layered on the first layer. When the content (a) of the
hydroxyl group is the above upper limit or less, the sound
insulating properties of laminated glass are further enhanced.
[0070] The acetylation degree (b) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (B)
is 8% by mole or more, preferably 9% by mole or more, more
preferably 9.5% by mole or more, further preferably 10% by mole or
more, especially preferably 10.5% by mole or more, and preferably
30% by mole or less, more preferably 28% by mole or less, further
preferably 26% by mole or less and especially preferably 24% by
mole or less. When the acetylation degree (b) is the above lower
limit or more, the sound insulating properties of laminated glass
are further enhanced. When the acetylation degree (b) is the above
upper limit or less, the reaction time required for producing the
polyvinyl acetal resin (B) can be shortened.
[0071] The acetalization degree (b) of the polyvinyl acetal resin
(B) is preferably 50% by mole or more, more preferably 53% by mole
or more, further preferably 55% by mole or more, especially
preferably 60% by mole or more, and preferably 78% by mole or less,
more preferably 75% by mole or less, further preferably 72% by mole
or less and especially preferably 70% by mole or less. When the
acetalization degree (b) is the above lower limit or more, the
sound insulating properties of laminated glass are further
enhanced. When the acetalization degree (b) is the above upper
limit or less, the reaction time required for producing the
polyvinyl acetal resin (B) can be shortened.
[0072] The content (b) of the hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl
acetal resin (B) is preferably 18% by mole or more, more preferably
19% by mole or more, further preferably 20% by mole or more,
especially preferably 21% by mole or more, most preferably 23% by
mole or more, and preferably 31% by mole or less, more preferably
30% by mole or less, further preferably 29% by mole or less, and
especially preferably 28% by mole or less. When the content (b) of
the hydroxyl group is the above lower limit or more, the adhesive
force of the second layer or the third layer to the first layer is
further enhanced when the second layer or the third layer is
directly layered on the first layer. When the content (b) of the
hydroxyl group is the above upper limit or less, the sound
insulating properties of laminated glass are further enhanced.
[0073] It is preferred that each of the polyvinyl acetal resin (A)
and the polyvinyl acetal resin (B) be a polyvinyl butyral
resin.
[0074] (Plasticizer)
[0075] It is preferred that the first layer contain a plasticizer
(hereinafter, sometimes described as a plasticizer (1)). It is
preferred that the second layer contain a plasticizer (hereinafter,
sometimes described as a plasticizer (2)). It is preferred that the
third layer contain a plasticizer (hereinafter, sometimes described
as a plasticizer (3)). By the use of the plasticizer, and
furthermore, by using a polyvinyl acetal resin and a plasticizer
together, the adhesive force of a layer containing the polyvinyl
acetal resin and the plasticizer to a lamination glass member or
another layer is moderately enhanced. The plasticizer is not
particularly limited. The plasticizer (1), the plasticizer (2), and
the plasticizer (3) may be the same as or different from one
another. One kind of each of the plasticizer (1), the plasticizer
(2), and the plasticizer (3) may be used alone and two or more
kinds thereof may be used in combination.
[0076] Examples of the plasticizer include organic ester
plasticizers such as a monobasic organic acid ester and a polybasic
organic acid ester, organic phosphate plasticizers such as an
organic phosphate plasticizer and an organic phosphite plasticizer,
and the like: Organic ester plasticizers are preferred. It is
preferred that the plasticizer be a liquid plasticizer.
[0077] Examples of the monobasic organic acid ester include a
glycol ester obtained by the reaction of a glycol with a monobasic
organic acid, and the like. Examples of the glycol include
triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, and
the like. Examples of the monobasic organic acid include butyric
acid, isobutyric acid, caproic acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, heptanoic
acid, n-octylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, n-nonylic acid,
decanoic acid, and the like.
[0078] Examples of the polybasic organic acid ester include an
ester compound of a polybasic organic acid and an alcohol having a
linear or branched structure of 4 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of
the polybasic organic acid include adipic acid, sebacic acid,
azelaic acid, and the like.
[0079] Examples of the organic ester plasticizer include
triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpropanoate, triethylene glycol
di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate,
triethylene glycol dicaprylate, triethylene glycol di-n-octanoate,
triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol
di-n-heptanoate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl
carbitol adipate, ethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,3-propylene
glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,4-butylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate,
diethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol
di-2-ethylhexanoate, dipropylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate,
triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpentanoate, tetraethylene glycol
di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol dicaprylate, dihexyl adipate,
dioctyl adipate, hexyl cyclohexyl adipate, a mixture of heptyl
adipate and nonyl adipate, diisononyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate,
heptyl nonyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, oil-modified sebacic
alkyds, a mixture of a phosphoric acid ester and an adipic acid
ester, and the like. Organic ester plasticizers other than these
may be used. Other adipic acid esters other than the
above-described adipic acid esters may be used.
[0080] Examples of the organic phosphate plasticizer include
tributoxyethyl phosphate, isodecyl phenyl phosphate, triisopropyl
phosphate, and the like.
[0081] It is preferred that the plasticizer be a diester
plasticizer represented by the following formula (1).
##STR00001##
[0082] In the foregoing formula (1), R1 and R2 each represent an
organic group with 2 to 10 carbon atoms, R3 represents an ethylene
group, an isopropylene group or an n-propylene group, and p
represents an integer of 3 to 10. It is preferred that R1 and R2 in
the foregoing formula (1) each be an organic group with 5 to 10
carbon atoms, and it is more preferred that R1 and R2 each be an
organic group with 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
[0083] It is preferred that the plasticizer include triethylene
glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), triethylene glycol
di-2-ethylbutyrate (3GH), or triethylene glycol
di-2-ethylpropanoate, it is more preferred that the plasticizer
include triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate or triethylene
glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, and it is further preferred that the
plasticizer include triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate.
[0084] Each of the content of the plasticizer (2) (hereinafter,
sometimes described as the content (2)) relative to 100 parts by
weight of the thermoplastic resin (2) (100 parts by weight a
polyvinyl acetal resin (2) when the thermoplastic resin (2) is the
polyvinyl acetal resin (2)) and the content of the plasticizer (3)
(hereinafter, sometimes described as the content (3)) relative to
100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin (3) (100 parts by
weight a polyvinyl acetal resin (3) when the thermoplastic resin
(3) is the polyvinyl acetal resin (3)) is preferably 10 parts by
weight or more, more preferably parts by weight or more, and
preferably 40 parts by weight or less, more preferably 39 parts by
weight or less, further preferably 35 parts by weight or less,
still further preferably 32 parts by weight or less, and especially
preferably 30 parts by weight or less. When the content (2) and the
content (3) are the above lower limit or more, the flexibility of
the interlayer film is enhanced and the handling of the interlayer
film is facilitated. When the content (2) and the content (3) are
the above upper limit or less, the penetration resistance is
further enhanced.
[0085] The content of the plasticizer (1) (hereinafter, sometimes
described as the content (1)) relative to 100 parts by weight of
the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is preferably 50 parts by weight or
more, more preferably 55 parts by weight or more, further
preferably 60 parts by weight or more, and preferably 100 parts by
weight or less, more preferably 90 parts by weight or less, further
preferably 85 parts by weight or less, and especially preferably 80
parts by weight or less. When the content (1) is the above lower
limit or more, the flexibility of the interlayer film is enhanced
and the handling of the interlayer film is facilitated. When the
content (1) is the above upper limit or less, the penetration
resistance of laminated glass is further enhanced.
[0086] For the purpose of further enhancing the sound insulating
properties of laminated glass, it is preferred that the content (1)
be larger than the content (2) and it is preferred that the content
(1) be larger than the content (3).
[0087] In particular, from the viewpoint of further enhancing the
sound insulating properties of laminated glass, each of the
absolute value of the difference between the content (2) and the
content (1) and the absolute value of the difference between the
content (3) and the content (1) is preferably 10 parts by weight or
more, more preferably 15 parts by weight or more, and further
preferably 20 parts by weight or more. Each of the absolute value
of the difference between the content (2) and the content (1) and
the absolute value of the difference between the content (3) and
the content (1) is preferably 80 parts by weight or less, more
preferably 75 parts by weight or less, and further preferably 70
parts by weight or less.
[0088] (Heat Shielding Compound)
[0089] It is preferred that the interlayer film include a heat
shielding compound. It is preferred that the first layer contain a
heat shielding compound. It is preferred that the second layer
contain a heat shielding compound. It is preferred that the third
layer contain a heat shielding compound. One kind of the heat
shielding compound may be used alone, and two or more kinds thereof
may be used in combination.
[0090] Ingredient X:
[0091] It is preferred that the interlayer film include at least
one kind of Ingredient X among a phthalocyanine compound, a
naphthalocyanine compound and an anthracyanine compound. It is
preferred that the first layer contain the Ingredient X. It is
preferred that the second layer contain the Ingredient X. It is
preferred that the third layer contain the Ingredient X. The
Ingredient X is a heat shielding compound. One kind of the
Ingredient X may be used alone, and two or more kinds thereof may
be used in combination.
[0092] The Ingredient X is not particularly limited. As the
Ingredient X, conventionally known phthalocyanine compound,
naphthalocyanine compound and anthracyanine compound can be
used.
[0093] With regard to the interlayer film and laminated glass, from
the viewpoint of further enhancing the heat shielding properties
thereof, it is preferred that the Ingredient X be at least one kind
selected from the group consisting of phthalocyanine, a derivative
of phthalocyanine, naphthalocyanine and a derivative of
naphthalocyanine, and it is more preferred that the Ingredient X be
at least one kind among phthalocyanine and a derivative of
phthalocyanine.
[0094] From the viewpoints of effectively enhancing the heat
shielding properties and maintaining the visible light
transmittance at a higher level over a long period of time, it is
preferred that the Ingredient X contain vanadium atoms or copper
atoms. It is preferred that the Ingredient X contain vanadium atoms
and it is also preferred that the Ingredient X contain copper
atoms. It is more preferred that the Ingredient X be at least one
kind among phthalocyanine containing vanadium atoms or copper atoms
and a derivative of phthalocyanine containing vanadium atoms or
copper atoms. With regard to the interlayer film and laminated
glass, from the viewpoint of still further enhancing the heat
shielding properties thereof, it is preferred that the Ingredient X
have a structural unit in which an oxygen atom is bonded to a
vanadium atom.
[0095] In 100% by weight of a layer containing the Ingredient X (a
first layer, a second layer or a third layer), the content of the
Ingredient X is preferably 0.001% by weight or more, more
preferably 0.005% by weight or more, further preferably 0.01% by
weight or more, especially preferably 0.02% by weight or more, and
preferably 0.2% by weight or less, more preferably 0.1% by weight
or less, further preferably 0.05% by weight or less and especially
preferably 0.04% by weight or less. When the content of the
Ingredient X is the above lower limit or more and the above upper
limit or less, the heat shielding properties are sufficiently
enhanced and the visible light transmittance is sufficiently
enhanced. For example, it is possible to make the visible light
transmittance 70% or more.
[0096] Heat Shielding Particles:
[0097] It is preferred that the interlayer film include heat
shielding particles. It is preferred that the first layer contain
the heat shielding particles. It is preferred that the second layer
contain the heat shielding particles. It is preferred that the
third layer contain the heat shielding particles. The heat
shielding particle is of a heat shielding compound. By the use of
heat shielding particles, infrared rays (heat rays) can be
effectively cut off. One kind of the heat shielding particles may
be used alone, and two or more kinds thereof may be used in
combination.
[0098] From the viewpoint of further enhancing the heat shielding
properties of laminated glass, it is more preferred that the heat
shielding particles be metal oxide particles. It is preferred that
the heat shielding particle be a particle (a metal oxide particle)
formed from an oxide of a metal.
[0099] The energy amount of an infrared ray with a wavelength of
780 nm or longer which is longer than that of visible light is
small as compared with an ultraviolet ray. However, the thermal
action of infrared rays is large, and when infrared rays are
absorbed into a substance, heat is released from the substance. As
such, infrared rays are generally called heat rays. By the use of
the heat shielding particles, infrared rays (heat rays) can be
effectively cut off. In this connection, the heat shielding
particle means a particle capable of absorbing infrared rays.
[0100] Specific examples of the heat shielding particles include
metal oxide particles such as aluminum-doped tin oxide particles,
indium-doped tin oxide particles, antimony-doped tin oxide
particles (ATO particles), gallium-doped zinc oxide particles (GZO
particles), indium-doped zinc oxide particles (IZO particles),
aluminum-doped zinc oxide particles (AZO particles), niobium-doped
titanium oxide particles, sodium-doped tungsten oxide particles,
cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles, thallium-doped tungsten
oxide particles, rubidium-doped tungsten oxide particles, tin-doped
indium oxide particles (ITO particles), tin-doped zinc oxide
particles and silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, lanthanum
hexaboride (LaB.sub.6) particles, and the like. Heat shielding
particles other than these may be used. Since the heat ray
shielding function is high, preferred are metal oxide particles,
more preferred are ATO particles, GZO particles, IZO particles, ITO
particles or tungsten oxide particles, and especially preferred are
ITO particles or tungsten oxide particles. In particular, since the
heat ray shielding function is high and the particles are readily
available, preferred are tin-doped indium oxide particles (ITO
particles), and also preferred are tungsten oxide particles.
[0101] With regard to the interlayer film and laminated glass, from
the viewpoint of further enhancing the heat shielding properties
thereof, it is preferred that the tungsten oxide particles be
metal-doped tungsten oxide particles. Examples of the "tungsten
oxide particles" include metal-doped tungsten oxide particles.
Specifically, examples of the metal-doped tungsten oxide particles
include sodium-doped tungsten oxide particles, cesium-doped
tungsten oxide particles, thallium-doped tungsten oxide particles,
rubidium-doped tungsten oxide particles, and the like.
[0102] With regard to the interlayer film and laminated glass, from
the viewpoint of further enhancing the heat shielding properties
thereof, cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles are especially
preferred. With regard to the interlayer film and laminated glass,
from the viewpoint of still further enhancing the heat shielding
properties thereof, it is preferred that the cesium-doped tungsten
oxide particles be tungsten oxide particles represented by the
formula: Cs.sub.0.33WO.sub.3.
[0103] The average particle diameter of the heat shielding
particles is preferably 0.01 .mu.m or more, more preferably 0.02
.mu.m or more, and preferably 0.1 .mu.m or less and more preferably
0.05 .mu.m or less. When the average particle diameter is the above
lower limit or more, the heat ray shielding properties are
sufficiently enhanced. When the average particle diameter is the
above upper limit or less, the dispersibility of heat shielding
particles is enhanced.
[0104] The "average particle diameter" refers to the volume average
particle diameter. The average particle diameter can be measured
using a particle size distribution measuring apparatus ("UPA-EX150"
available from NIKKISO CO., LTD.), or the like.
[0105] In 100% by weight of a layer containing the heat shielding
particles (a first layer, a second layer or a third layer), each
content of the heat shielding particles is preferably 0.01% by
weight or more, more preferably 0.1% by weight or more, further
preferably 1% by weight or more, especially preferably 3.5% by
weight or more, and preferably 6% by weight or less, more
preferably 5.5% by weight or less, further preferably 4% by weight
or less, especially preferably 3.5% by weight or less and most
preferably 3% by weight or less. When the content of the heat
shielding particles is the above lower limit or more and the above
upper limit or less, the heat shielding properties are sufficiently
enhanced and the visible light transmittance is sufficiently
enhanced.
[0106] (Metal Salt)
[0107] It is preferred that the interlayer film include at least
one kind of metal salt (hereinafter, sometimes described as Metal
salt M) among an alkali metal salt, an alkaline earth metal salt,
and an Mg salt. It is preferred that the first layer contain the
Metal salt M. It is preferred that the second layer contain the
Metal salt M. It is preferred that the surface layer contain the
Metal salt M. By the use of the Metal salt M, controlling the
adhesivity between the interlayer film and a lamination glass
member or the adhesivity between respective layers in the
interlayer film is facilitated. One kind of the Metal salt M may be
used alone and two or more kinds thereof may be used in
combination.
[0108] It is preferred that the Metal salt M contain at least one
kind of metal selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb,
Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba. It is preferred that the metal salt
contained in the interlayer film contain at least one kind of metal
between K and Mg.
[0109] Moreover, it is more preferred that the Metal salt M be an
alkali metal salt of an organic acid with 2 to 16 carbon atoms, an
alkaline earth metal salt of an organic acid with 2 to 16 carbon
atoms, and an Mg salt of an organic acid with 2 to 16 carbon atoms,
and it is further preferred that the Metal salt M be a magnesium
carboxylate with 2 to 16 carbon atoms or a potassium carboxylate
with 2 to 16 carbon atoms.
[0110] Although the magnesium carboxylate with 2 to 16 carbon atoms
and the potassium carboxylate with 2 to 16 carbon atoms are not
particularly limited, examples thereof include magnesium acetate,
potassium acetate, magnesium propionate, potassium propionate,
magnesium 2-ethylbutyrate, potassium 2-ethylbutanoate, magnesium
2-ethylhexanoate, potassium 2-ethylhexanoate, and the like.
[0111] The total of the contents of Mg and K in a layer containing
the Metal salt M (a first layer, a second layer, or a third layer)
is preferably 5 ppm or more, more preferably 10 ppm or more,
further preferably 20 ppm or more, and preferably 300 ppm or less,
more preferably 250 ppm or less, and further preferably 200 ppm or
less. When the total of the contents of Mg and K is the above lower
limit or more and the above upper limit or less, the adhesivity
between the interlayer film and a lamination glass member or the
adhesivity between respective layers in the interlayer film can be
further well controlled.
[0112] (Ultraviolet Ray Screening Agent)
[0113] It is preferred that the interlayer film include an
ultraviolet ray screening agent. It is preferred that the first
layer contain an ultraviolet ray screening agent. It is preferred
that the second layer contain an ultraviolet ray screening agent.
It is preferred that the third layer contain an ultraviolet ray
screening agent. By the use of an ultraviolet ray screening agent,
even when the interlayer film and the laminated glass are used for
a long period of time, the visible light transmittance becomes
further difficult to be lowered. One kind of the ultraviolet ray
screening agent may be used alone, and two or more kinds thereof
may be used in combination.
[0114] Examples of the ultraviolet ray screening agent include an
ultraviolet ray absorber. It is preferred that the ultraviolet ray
screening agent be an ultraviolet ray absorber.
[0115] Examples of the ultraviolet ray screening agent include an
ultraviolet ray screening agent containing a metal atom, an
ultraviolet ray screening agent containing a metal oxide, an
ultraviolet ray screening agent having a benzotriazole structure,
an ultraviolet ray screening agent having a benzophenone structure,
an ultraviolet ray screening agent having a triazine structure, an
ultraviolet ray screening agent having a malonic acid ester
structure, an ultraviolet ray screening agent having an oxanilide
structure, an ultraviolet ray screening agent having a benzoate
structure, and the like.
[0116] Examples of the ultraviolet ray screening agent containing a
metal atom include platinum particles, particles in which the
surface of platinum particles is coated with silica, palladium
particles, particles in which the surface of palladium particles is
coated with silica, and the like. It is preferred that the
ultraviolet ray screening agent not be heat shielding
particles.
[0117] The ultraviolet ray screening agent is preferably an
ultraviolet ray screening agent having a benzotriazole structure,
an ultraviolet ray screening agent having a benzophenone structure,
an ultraviolet ray screening agent having a triazine structure or
an ultraviolet ray screening agent having a benzoate structure,
more preferably an ultraviolet ray screening agent having a
benzotriazole structure or an ultraviolet ray screening agent
having a benzophenone structure, and further preferably an
ultraviolet ray screening agent having a benzotriazole
structure.
[0118] Examples of the ultraviolet ray screening agent containing a
metal oxide include zinc oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, and
the like. Furthermore, with regard to the ultraviolet ray screening
agent containing a metal oxide, the surface thereof may be coated
with any material. Examples of the coating material for the surface
of the ultraviolet ray screening agent containing a metal oxide
include an insulating metal oxide, a hydrolyzable organosilicon
compound, a silicone compound, and the like.
[0119] Examples of the ultraviolet ray screening agent having a
benzotriazole structure include ultraviolet ray screening agents
having a benzotriazole structure such as
2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole ("Tinuvin P" available
from BASF Japan Ltd.),
2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-t-butylphenyl)benzotriazole ("Tinuvin 320"
available from BASF Japan Ltd.),
2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole
("Tinuvin 326" available from BASF Japan Ltd.) and
2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-amylphenyl)benzotriazole ("Tinuvin 328"
available from BASF Japan Ltd.). It is preferred that the
ultraviolet ray screening agent be an ultraviolet ray screening
agent having a benzotriazole structure containing a halogen atom,
and it is more preferred that the ultraviolet ray screening agent
be an ultraviolet ray screening agent having a benzotriazole
structure containing a chlorine atom, because those are excellent
in ultraviolet ray absorbing performance.
[0120] Examples of the ultraviolet ray screening agent having a
benzophenone structure include octabenzone ("Chimassorb 81"
available from BASF Japan Ltd.), and the like.
[0121] Examples of the ultraviolet ray screening agent having a
triazine structure include "LA-F70" available from ADEKA
CORPORATION,
2-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)-5-[(hexyl)oxy]-phenol
("Tinuvin 1577FF" available from BASF Japan Ltd.), and the
like.
[0122] Examples of the ultraviolet ray screening agent having a
malonic acid ester structure include dimethyl
2-(p-methoxybenzylidene)malonate,
tetraethyl-2,2-(1,4-phenylenedimethylidene)bismalonate,
2-(p-methoxybenzylidene)-bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl)malonate-
, and the like.
[0123] Examples of a commercial product of the ultraviolet ray
screening agent having a malonic acid ester structure include
Hostavin B-CAP, Hostavin PR-25 and Hostavin PR-31 (any of these is
available from Clariant Japan K.K.).
[0124] Examples of the ultraviolet ray screening agent having an
oxanilide structure include a kind of oxalic acid diamide having a
substituted aryl group and the like on the nitrogen atom such as
N-(2-ethylphenyl)-N'-(2-ethoxy-5-t-butylphenyl)oxalic acid diamide,
N-(2-ethylphenyl)-N'-(2-ethoxy-phenyl)oxalic acid diamide and
2-ethyl-2'-ethoxy-oxanilide ("Sanduvor VSU" available from Clariant
Japan K.K.).
[0125] Examples of the ultraviolet ray screening agent having a
benzoate structure include
2,4-d-tert-butylphenyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate
("Tinuvin 120" available from BASF Japan Ltd.), and the like.
[0126] From the viewpoint of further suppressing the lowering in
visible light transmittance after the lapse of a certain period of
time, in 100% by weight of a layer containing the ultraviolet ray
screening agent (a first layer, a second layer or a third layer),
the content of the ultraviolet ray screening agent is preferably
0.1% by weight or more, more preferably 0.2% by weight or more,
further preferably 0.3% by weight or more, especially preferably
0.5% by weight or more, and preferably 2.5% by weight or less, more
preferably 2% by weight or less, further preferably 1% by weight or
less and especially preferably 0.8% by weight or less. In
particular, by setting the content of the ultraviolet ray screening
agent to be 0.2% by weight or more in 100% by weight of a layer
containing the ultraviolet ray screening agent, with regard to the
interlayer film and laminated glass, the lowering in visible light
transmittance thereof after the lapse of a certain period of time
can be significantly suppressed.
[0127] (Oxidation Inhibitor)
[0128] It is preferred that the interlayer film include an
oxidation inhibitor. It is preferred that the first layer contain
an oxidation inhibitor. It is preferred that the second layer
contain an oxidation inhibitor. It is preferred that the third
layer contain an oxidation inhibitor. One kind of the oxidation
inhibitor may be used alone, and two or more kinds thereof may be
used in combination.
[0129] Examples of the oxidation inhibitor include a phenol-based
oxidation inhibitor, a sulfur-based oxidation inhibitor, a
phosphorus-based oxidation inhibitor, and the like. The
phenol-based oxidation inhibitor is an oxidation inhibitor having a
phenol skeleton. The sulfur-based oxidation inhibitor is an
oxidation inhibitor containing a sulfur atom. The phosphorus-based
oxidation inhibitor is an oxidation inhibitor containing a
phosphorus atom.
[0130] It is preferred that the oxidation inhibitor be a
phenol-based oxidation inhibitor or a phosphorus-based oxidation
inhibitor.
[0131] Examples of the phenol-based oxidation inhibitor include
2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA),
2,6-di-t-butyl-4-ethylphenol, stearyl
butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate,
2,2'-methylenebis-(4-methyl-6-butylphenol),
2,2'-methylenebis-(4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenol),
4,4'-butylidene-bis-(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol),
1,1,3-tris-(2-methyl-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenyl)butane,
tetrakis[methylene-3-(3',5'-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]methane,
1,3,3-tris-(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenol)butane,
1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene,
bis(3,3'-t-butylphenol)butyric acid glycol ester,
bis(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzenepropanoic
acid)ethylenebis(oxyethylene), and the like. One kind or two or
more kinds among these oxidation inhibitors are suitably used.
[0132] Examples of the phosphorus-based oxidation inhibitor include
tridecyl phosphite, tris(tridecyl) phosphite, triphenyl phosphite,
trinonylphenyl phosphite, bis(tridecyl)pentaerithritol diphosphite,
bis(decyl)pentaerithritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)
phosphite, bis(2,4-di-t-butyl-6-methylphenyl)ethyl ester
phosphorous acid, tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphite,
2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-t-butyl-1-phenyloxy)(2-ethylhexyloxy)phosphorus,
and the like. One kind or two or more kinds among these oxidation
inhibitors are suitably used.
[0133] Examples of a commercial product of the oxidation inhibitor
include "IRGANOX 245" available from BASF Japan Ltd., "IRGAFOS 168"
available from BASF Japan Ltd., "IRGAFOS 38" available from BASF
Japan Ltd., "Sumilizer BHT" available from Sumitomo Chemical Co.,
Ltd., "IRGANOX 1010" available from BASF Japan Ltd., and the
like.
[0134] With regard to the interlayer film and laminated glass, in
order to maintain high visible light transmittance thereof over a
long period of time, it is preferred that the content of the
oxidation inhibitor be 0.1% by weight or more in 100% by weight of
the interlayer film or in 100% by weight of the layer containing
the oxidation inhibitor (a first layer, a second layer or a third
layer). Moreover, since an effect commensurate with the addition of
an oxidation inhibitor is not attained, it is preferred that the
content of the oxidation inhibitor be 2% by weight or less in 100%
by weight of the interlayer film or in 100% by weight of the layer
containing the oxidation inhibitor.
[0135] (Other Ingredients)
[0136] Each of the first layer, the second layer, and the third
layer may contain additives such as a coupling agent containing
silicon, aluminum, or titanium, a dispersing agent, a surfactant, a
flame retardant, an antistatic agent, a pigment, a dye, a
moisture-resistance improving agent, a fluorescent brightening
agent, and an infrared ray absorber, as necessary. One kind of
these additives may be used alone and two or more kinds thereof may
be used in combination.
[0137] (Other Details of Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass)
[0138] Examples of the production method of the interlayer film
according to the present invention include a method of separately
forming respective resin compositions used for constituting
respective layers into respective layers, and then, for example,
layering the respective obtained layers, a method of coextruding
respective resin compositions used for constituting respective
layers with an extruder and layering the respective layers, and the
like. A production method of extrusion-molding is preferred because
the method is suitable for continuous production.
[0139] Since the production efficiency of the interlayer film is
excellent, it is preferred that respective polyvinyl acetal resins
contained in the second layer and the third layer be the same as
each other, it is more preferred that respective polyvinyl acetal
resins contained in the second layer and the third layer be the
same as each other and respective plasticizers contained therein be
the same as each other, and it is further preferred that the second
layer and the third layer be formed from the same resin composition
as each other.
[0140] It is preferred that at least one surface among surfaces of
both sides of the interlayer film have a recess/protrusion shape.
It is more preferred that surfaces of both sides of the interlayer
film have a recess/protrusion shape. The method for forming the
recess/protrusion shape is not particularly limited, and examples
thereof include a lip emboss method, an embossing roll method, a
calender roll method, a profile extrusion method, and the like.
Since it is possible to quantitatively form many embosses with a
recess/protrusion shape constituting a constant uneven pattern, the
embossing roll method is preferred.
[0141] (Laminated Glass)
[0142] FIG. 2 is a sectional view schematically showing an example
of laminated glass prepared with the interlayer film for laminated
glass shown in FIG. 1.
[0143] The laminated glass 31 shown in FIG. 2 is provided with a
first lamination glass member 21, a second lamination glass member
22, and an interlayer film 11. The interlayer film 11 is arranged
between the first lamination glass member 21 and the second
lamination glass member 22 to be sandwiched therebetween.
[0144] The first lamination glass member 21 is layered on a first
surface 11a of the interlayer film 11. The second lamination glass
member 22 is layered on a second surface 11b opposite to the first
surface 11a of the interlayer film 11. The first lamination glass
member 21 is layered on an outer surface 2a of a second layer 2.
The second lamination glass member 22 is layered on an outer
surface 3a of a third layer 3.
[0145] As described above, the laminated glass according to the
present invention is provided with a first lamination glass member,
a second lamination glass member, and an interlayer film and the
interlayer film is the interlayer film for laminated glass
according to the present invention. In the laminated glass
according to the present invention, the above-mentioned interlayer
film is arranged between the first lamination glass member and the
second lamination glass member.
[0146] Examples of the lamination glass member include a glass
plate, a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film, and the like. As
the laminated glass, laminated glass in which an interlayer film is
sandwiched between a glass plate and a PET film or the like, as
well as laminated glass in which an interlayer film is sandwiched
between two glass plates, is included. The laminated glass is a
laminate provided with a glass plate, and it is preferred that at
least one glass plate be used. It is preferred that each of the
first lamination glass member and the second lamination glass
member be a glass plate or a PET film, and the laminated glass be
provided with a glass plate as at least one among the first
lamination glass member and the second lamination glass member.
[0147] Examples of the glass plate include a sheet of inorganic
glass and a sheet of organic glass. Examples of the inorganic glass
include float plate glass, heat ray-absorbing plate glass, heat
ray-reflecting plate glass, polished plate glass, figured glass,
wired plate glass, and the like. The organic glass is synthetic
resin glass substituted for inorganic glass. Examples of the
organic glass include a polycarbonate plate, a poly(meth)acrylic
resin plate, and the like. Examples of the poly(meth)acrylic resin
plate include a polymethyl (meth)acrylate plate, and the like.
[0148] The thickness of the lamination glass member is preferably 1
mm or more, and preferably 5 mm or less, and more preferably 3 mm
or less. Moreover, when the lamination glass member is a glass
plate, the thickness of the glass plate is preferably 0.5 mm or
more, more preferably 0.7 mm or more, and preferably 5 mm or less,
and more preferably 3 mm or less. When the lamination glass member
is a PET film, the thickness of the PET film is preferably 0.03 mm
or more and preferably 0.5 mm or less.
[0149] By the use of the interlayer film according to the present
invention, the penetration resistance of laminated glass can be
maintained high even when the thickness of the laminated glass is
thinned. From the viewpoints of attaining reduced weight of
laminated glass and decreasing the amount of the material for
laminated glass to reduce the environmental load, and improving
fuel consumption of an automobile by reduction in weight of
laminated glass to reduce the environmental load, the thickness of
the glass plate is preferably 2 mm or less, more preferably 1.8 mm
or less, even more preferably 1.5 mm or less, further preferably 1
mm or less, still further preferably 0.8 mm or less, and especially
preferably 0.7 mm or less.
[0150] Since the penetration resistance of laminated glass can be
maintained high by the use of the interlayer film according to the
present invention even when the thickness of the laminated glass is
thinned, the thickness of the laminated glass may be 6 mm or less,
may be 4 mm or less, and may be 3.5 mm or less.
[0151] The method for producing the laminated glass is not
particularly limited. For example, the interlayer film is
sandwiched between the first lamination glass member and the second
lamination glass member, and then, passed through pressure rolls or
subjected to decompression suction in a rubber bag, so that the air
remaining between the first lamination glass member and the
interlayer film and between the second lamination glass member and
the interlayer film is removed, and thus, a laminate is obtained.
Afterward, the members are preliminarily bonded together at about
70 to 110.degree. C. to obtain a preliminarily bonded body. Next,
by putting the preliminarily bonded body into an autoclave or by
pressing the preliminarily bonded body, the members are
press-bonded together at about 120 to 150.degree. C. and under a
pressure of 1 to 1.5 MPa. In this way, laminated glass can be
obtained. At the time of producing the laminated glass, a first
layer, a second layer, and a third layer may be layered.
[0152] Each of the interlayer film and the laminated glass can be
used for automobiles, railway vehicles, aircraft, ships, buildings
and the like. Each of the interlayer film and the laminated glass
can also be used for applications other than these applications. It
is preferred that the interlayer film and the laminated glass be an
interlayer film and laminated glass for vehicles or for building
respectively, and it is more preferred that the interlayer film and
the laminated glass be an interlayer film and laminated glass for
vehicles respectively. Each of the interlayer film and the
laminated glass can be used for a windshield, side glass, rear
glass or roof glass of an automobile, and the like. The interlayer
film and the laminated glass are suitably used for automobiles. The
interlayer film is suitably used for obtaining laminated glass of
an automobile.
[0153] From the viewpoint of obtaining laminated glass further
excellent in transparency, the visible light transmittance of
laminated glass is preferably 65% or more and more preferably 70%
or more. The visible light transmittance of laminated glass can be
measured in accordance with JIS R3211 (1998). It is preferred that
the visible light transmittance of laminated glass obtained by
sandwiching the interlayer film for laminated glass according to
the present invention between two sheets of green glass (heat
ray-absorbing plate glass) with a thickness of 2 mm in accordance
with JIS R3208 be 70% or more. The visible light transmittance is
more preferably 75% or more.
[0154] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more
detail with reference to examples. The present invention is not
limited only to these examples.
[0155] The following materials were prepared.
[0156] (Polyvinyl Acetal Resin)
[0157] Polyvinyl acetal resins shown in the following Table 2 were
appropriately used. In all polyvinyl acetal resins used,
n-butyraldehyde which has 4 carbon atoms is used for the
acetalization.
[0158] With regard to the polyvinyl acetal resin, the acetalization
degree (the butyralization degree), the acetylation degree, and the
content of the hydroxyl group were measured by a method in
accordance with JIS K6728 "Testing methods for polyvinyl butyral".
In this connection, even in the cases of being measured according
to ASTM D1396-92, numerical values similar to those obtained by a
method in accordance with JIS K6728 "Testing methods for polyvinyl
butyral" were exhibited.
[0159] (Plasticizer)
[0160] Triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO)
[0161] (Ultraviolet Ray Screening Agent)
[0162] Tinuvin 326
(2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole,
"Tinuvin 326" available from BASF Japan Ltd.)
[0163] (Oxidation Inhibitor)
[0164] BHT (2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol)
Example 1
[0165] Preparation of Composition for Forming First Layer:
[0166] One hundred parts by weight of a polyvinyl acetal resin of a
kind shown in the following Table 2, 60 parts by weight of a
plasticizer (3GO), 0.2 parts by weight of an ultraviolet ray
screening agent (Tinuvin 326), and 0.2 parts by weight of an
oxidation inhibitor (BHT) were mixed to obtain a composition for
forming a first layer.
[0167] Preparation of Composition for Forming Second and Third
Layers:
[0168] One hundred parts by weight of a polyvinyl acetal resin of a
kind shown in the following Table 2, 38.5 parts by weight of a
plasticizer (3GO), 0.2 parts by weight of an ultraviolet ray
screening agent (Tinuvin 326), and 0.2 parts by weight of an
oxidation inhibitor (BHT) were mixed to obtain a composition for
forming a second layer and a third layer.
[0169] Preparation of Interlayer Film:
[0170] The composition for forming a first layer and the
composition for forming a second layer and a third layer were
coextruded with a coextruder to prepare an interlayer film (1170
.mu.m in thickness) having a layered structure with a stack of a
second layer (435 .mu.m in thickness)/a first layer (300 .mu.m in
thickness)/a third layer (435 .mu.m in thickness).
[0171] Preparation of Laminated Glass A (for Sound Insulating
Properties Measurement):
[0172] The obtained interlayer film was cut into a size of 55 cm in
longitudinal length.times.55 cm in transversal length. Next,
between a sheet of clear float glass (50 cm in longitudinal
length.times.50 cm in transversal length.times.2 mm in thickness)
and a sheet of clear float glass (50 cm in longitudinal
length.times.50 cm in transversal length.times.1.6 mm in
thickness), the interlayer film was sandwiched to obtain a
laminate. The laminate was put into a rubber bag and the inside
thereof was degassed for 20 minutes at a degree of vacuum of 2.6
kPa, after which the laminate was transferred into an oven while
keeping the laminate degassed, and furthermore, held in place for
30 minutes at 90.degree. C. and pressed under vacuum to subject the
laminate to preliminary press-bonding. The preliminarily
press-bonded laminate was subjected to press-bonding for 20 minutes
under conditions of 135.degree. C. and a pressure of 1.2 MPa in an
autoclave to obtain a sheet of Laminated glass A.
[0173] Preparation of Laminated Glass B (for Pummel Value and
Penetration Resistance Determination):
[0174] The obtained interlayer film was cut out into a piece of 100
cm in longitudinal length.times.100 cm in transversal length. Next,
the interlayer film was sandwiched between two sheets of clear
glass (30 cm in longitudinal length.times.30 cm in transversal
length.times.2.5 mm in thickness) and held in place and pressed
under vacuum at 90.degree. C. for 30 minutes with a vacuum
laminator to obtain a laminate. With regard to the laminate,
interlayer film portions protruded from the sheet of glass were cut
away to obtain a sheet of Laminated glass B.
Examples 2 to 11
[0175] An interlayer film and a sheet of laminated glass were
obtained in the same manner as that in Example 1 except that the
kind and blending amount of each of the polyvinyl acetal resin and
the plasticizer which are used for compositions for forming a first
layer, a second layer, and a third layer were set to those listed
in the following Table 2 and the thicknesses of the first layer,
the second layer, and the third layer were set to those listed in
the following Table 2.
[0176] (Evaluation)
[0177] (1) Glass Transition Temperature
[0178] The interlayer film obtained was stored for 2 months at a
temperature of 23.degree. C. and a humidity of 30%, after which
each of the surface layers (the second layer and the third layer)
was peeled off to isolate an object to be measured and the objects
to be measured was press-molded with a press molding machine. With
regard to the press-molded object to be measured, the measurement
was performed using the "ARES-G2" available from TA Instruments
Japan Inc. A parallel plate with a diameter of 8 mm was used as a
jig, and the measurement was performed under the condition in which
the temperature is decreased from 100.degree. C. to -10.degree. C.
at a temperature decreasing rate of 3.degree. C./minute and under
the condition of a frequency of 1 Hz and a strain of 1%. In the
measurement results obtained, the peak temperature of the loss
tangent was defined as the glass transition temperature Tg
(.degree. C.).
[0179] (2) Sound Insulating Properties
[0180] The sound insulating properties of a sheet of Laminated
glass A were evaluated with sound transmission losses. The sheet
was measured for the sound transmission loss at 20.degree. C. on
the basis of JIS A1441-1. Specifically, the sheet was measured in
the following way. In an opening between a sound generating room
and a sound receiving room, the sheet of Laminated glass A prepared
was installed. With the use of an acoustic intensity probe "SI-34"
available from RION Co., Ltd., by being scanned at a position apart
from the sample installed in the niche opening at the sound
receiving room side by 13 cm, the sheet was measured for the
average acoustic intensity level. The scanning time was set to 25
to 40 seconds, the scanning rate was set to 0.15 to 0.2 m/second,
and an average value was calculated from two kinds of scan pattern
measured values.
[0181] Sound transmission losses (IL values) at sound frequencies
of 2000 Hz, 3150 Hz, 4000 Hz, 5000 Hz, and 6300 Hz were shown in
Table 2. The higher this TL value is, the higher in sound
insulating properties the sheet of laminated glass is.
[0182] (3) Measurement of Pummel Value of Laminated Glass
[0183] The sheet of laminated glass obtained was stored for 16
hours at a temperature of -18.degree. C..+-.0.6.degree. C. so that
the sheet temperature was adjusted to the temperature. The center
part (the part of 150 mm in longitudinal length.times.150 mm in
transversal length) of this sheet of laminated glass was struck by
a hammer with a head of 0.45 kg until the glass was broken into
pieces having a particle diameter of 6 mm or less and the glass was
partially peeled off, after which the degree of exposure of a film
portion from which glass pieces were peeled off was measured to
determine the pummel value according to the following Table 1. In
this connection, the pummel value is a value with which the
adhesive force between an interlayer film for laminated glass and a
glass plate is evaluated, the pummel value is a value specified by
the degree of exposure (% by area) of a film portion from which
glass pieces are peeled off when a sheet of laminated glass is
stored for 16 hours at a temperature of -18.degree.
C..+-.0.6.degree. C. so that the sheet temperature is adjusted to
the temperature, the center part (the part of 150 mm in
longitudinal length.times.150 mm in transversal length) of this
sheet of laminated glass is struck by a hammer with a head of 0.45
kg until the glass is broken into pieces having a particle diameter
of 6 mm or less, and the glass is partially peeled off, and the
pummel value is defined in Table 1. That is, the higher the pummel
value is, the higher the adhesive force between the interlayer film
and the glass is, and this means that the laminated glass is
excellent in anti-scattering properties of glass fragments.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Degree of exposure of interlayer film Pummel
(% by area) value 90 < Degree of 0 exposure .ltoreq. 100 85 <
Degree of 1 exposure .ltoreq. 90 60 < Degree of 2 exposure
.ltoreq. 85 40 < Degree of 3 exposure .ltoreq. 60 20 < Degree
of 4 exposure .ltoreq. 40 10 < Degree of 5 exposure .ltoreq. 20
5 < Degree of 6 exposure .ltoreq. 10 2 < Degree of 7 exposure
.ltoreq. 5 Degree of exposure .ltoreq.2 8
[0184] (4) Penetration Resistance
[0185] The surface temperature of the sheet of laminated glass (30
cm in longitudinal length.times.30 cm in transversal length)
obtained was adjusted to 23.degree. C. Then, in accordance with JIS
R3212: 1998, a hard sphere with a mass of 2260 g and a diameter of
82 mm was dropped at the center part of each of six sheets of
laminated glass from a height of 4 m. When the hard sphere does not
penetrate through each of all the six sheets of laminated glass
within 5 seconds after the hard sphere has collided therewith, the
laminated glass is acceptable: .largecircle.. When sheets of
laminated glass through each of which the hard sphere does not
penetrate within 5 seconds after the hard sphere has collided
therewith are three or less sheets, the laminated glass is not
acceptable: x. When sheets of laminated glass through each of which
the hard sphere does not penetrate are four sheets, separately, six
sheets of laminated glass are evaluated for the penetration
resistance. When sheets of laminated glass through each of which
the hard sphere does not penetrate are five sheets, separately, one
sheet of laminated glass is additionally tested. When the hard
sphere does not penetrate through the sheet of laminated glass
within 5 seconds after the hard sphere has collided therewith, the
laminated glass is acceptable: .largecircle.. In the same manner, a
hard sphere with a mass of 2260 g and a diameter of 82 mm was
dropped at the center part of each of six sheets of laminated glass
from a height of 4.0 m, 4.5 m, 5.0 m, 5.5 m, 6.0 m, 6.5 m, or 7.0 m
to evaluate the penetration resistance of laminated glass.
[0186] In this connection, when the results of the penetration
resistance in the cases of heights of 4.0 m to 5.5 m are
".largecircle.", it can be judged that the laminated glass is
excellent in penetration resistance and the effect of enhancing the
penetration resistance has been attained. When the result of the
penetration resistance in the case of a height of 6.0 m is
".largecircle.", the laminated glass is further excellent in
penetration resistance. When the result of the penetration
resistance in the case of a height of 6.5 m is ".largecircle.", the
laminated glass is still further excellent in penetration
resistance. When the result of the penetration resistance in the
case of a height of 7.0 m is ".largecircle.", the laminated glass
is especially excellent in penetration resistance.
[0187] The details and the results are shown in the following Table
2. In this connection, in the following Table 2, the description of
ingredients to be blended other than the polyvinyl acetal resin and
the plasticizer was omitted.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4
Example 5 Example 6 Composition Thickness .mu.m 300 400 200 300 400
200 for forming Polyvinyl Average polymerization 3000 3000 3000
3000 3000 3000 first layer acetal degree of PVA resin Content of
hydroxyl % by mole 23.8 23.8 23.8 23.8 23.8 24.4 group Acetylation
degree % by mole 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12 Acetalization degree %
by mole 64.1 64.1 64.1 64.1 64.1 63.6 Content Parts by 100 100 100
100 100 100 weight Plasticizer Kind 3GO 3GO 3GO 3GO 3GO 3GO Content
Parts by 60 60 60 60 60 60 weight Glass transition temperature
.degree. C. -4.2 -4.2 -4.2 -4.2 -4.2 -2.1 Composition Respective
thickness .mu.m 435 580 290 435 580 290 for forming Polyvinyl
Average polymerization 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700 second and
acetal degree of PVA third resin Content of hydroxyl % by mole 34.5
34.5 34.5 34.5 34.5 30.8 layers group Acetylation degree % by mole
0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Aceralization degree % by mole 64.7 64.7
64.7 64.7 64.7 68.4 Content Parts by 100 100 100 100 100 100 weight
Plasticizer Kind 3GO 3GO 3GO 3GO 3GO 3GO Content Parts by 38.5 38.5
33 33 33 30 weight Glass transition temperature .degree. C. 29.1
29.1 37.8 37.8 37.8 38.2 Evaluation Sound insulating properties
2000 Hz dB 40.1 40.7 40.0 40.5 42.3 39.3 Sound insulating
properties 3150 Hz dB 41.6 42.3 41.5 42.4 42.9 40.1 Sound
insulating properties 4000 Hz dB 42.1 42.8 42.4 43.2 43.8 41.3
Sound insulating properties 5000 Hz dB 40.3 40.4 40.5 40.6 40.9 40
Sound insulating properties 6300 Hz dB 39.5 39.2 39.6 39.1 38.0 40
Pummel value FIG. 1 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Penetration resistance
4.0 m .largecircle. .largecircle. .largecircle. .largecircle.
.largecircle. .largecircle. (it is desirable that no sheet be 4.5 m
.largecircle. .largecircle. .largecircle. .largecircle.
.largecircle. .largecircle. evaluated as "x" in the cases of 5.0 m
.largecircle. .largecircle. .largecircle. .largecircle.
.largecircle. .largecircle. 4.0 m to 5.5 m) 5.5 m .largecircle.
.largecircle. .largecircle. .largecircle. .largecircle.
.largecircle. 6.0 m .largecircle. .largecircle. .largecircle.
.largecircle. .largecircle. .largecircle. 6.5 m X .largecircle. X
.largecircle. .largecircle. .largecircle. 7.0 m X .largecircle. X
.largecircle. .largecircle. X Thickness of interlayer film .mu.m
1170 1560 780 1170 1560 780 T1/(T2 + T3) 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34
0.34 Example Example Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 10 11
Composition Thickness .mu.m 200 200 174 174 174 for forming
Polyvinyl Average polymerization 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 first
layer acetal degree of PVA resin Content of hydroxyl % by mole 24.4
24.4 24.4 24.4 24.4 group Acetylation degree % by mole 12 12 12 12
12 Acetalization degree % by mole 63.6 63.6 63.6 63.6 63.6 Content
Parts by 100 100 100 100 100 weight Plasticizer Kind 3GO 3GO 3GO
3GO 3GO Content Parts by 60 60 60 60 60 weight Glass transition
temperature .degree. C. -2.8 -3.5 -2.3 -2.9 -3.7 Composition
Respective thickness .mu.m 290 290 302 302 302 for forming
Polyvinyl Average polymerization 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700 second
and acetal degree of PVA third resin Content of hydroxyl % by mole
30.8 30.8 30.8 30.8 30.8 layers group Acetylation degree % by mole
0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Aceralization degree % by mole 68.4 68.4 68.4
68.4 68.4 Content Parts by 100 100 100 100 100 weight Plasticizer
Kind 3GO 3GO 3GO 3GO 3GO Content Parts by 32 34 31 33 35 weight
Glass transition temperature .degree. C. 35.6 35.0 35.9 35.3 34.6
Evaluation Sound insulating properties 2000 Hz dB 39.6 39.8 39.2
39.5 39.7 Sound insulating properties 3150 Hz dB 41 41.3 40.7 41
41.3 Sound insulating properties 4000 Hz dB 41.5 41.7 41.2 41.4
41.6 Sound insulating properties 5000 Hz dB 40.2 40.3 40 40.2 40.2
Sound insulating properties 6300 Hz dB 41.9 42.9 39.8 41.7 42.7
Pummel value FIG. 1 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Penetration resistance 4.0
m .largecircle. .largecircle. .largecircle. .largecircle.
.largecircle. (it is desirable that no sheet be 4.5 m .largecircle.
.largecircle. .largecircle. .largecircle. .largecircle. evaluated
as "x" in the cases of 5.0 m .largecircle. .largecircle.
.largecircle. .largecircle. .largecircle. 4.0 m to 5.5 m) 5.5 m
.largecircle. .largecircle. .largecircle. .largecircle.
.largecircle. 6.0 m .largecircle. .largecircle. .largecircle.
.largecircle. .largecircle. 6.5 m X X .largecircle. X X 7.0 m X X X
X X Thickness of interlayer film .mu.m 780 780 778 778 778 T1/(T2 +
T3) 0.34 0.34 0.29 0.29 0.29
[0188] Moreover, plural sheets of laminated glass of the respective
Examples 1 to 11 were prepared. That is, plural sheets of laminated
glass were prepared per one example. The surface temperature of a
sheet of laminated glass was adjusted to 23.degree. C. Then, in
accordance with JIS R3212: 1998, a hard sphere with a mass of 2260
g and a diameter of 82 mm was dropped at the center part of each of
the plural sheets of laminated glass of the respective examples
from a height of 6.0 m. In this test, any one of probabilities of
permitting the hard sphere to penetrate through the sheet of
laminated glass within 5 seconds after the hard sphere has collided
therewith in Examples 1 to 11 was determined to be 30% or less. On
the other hand, any one of probabilities of permitting the hard
sphere to penetrate through the sheet of laminated glass within 5
seconds after the hard sphere has collided therewith in Examples 3
and 6 to 10 was determined to be higher than any one of
probabilities of permitting the hard sphere to penetrate through
the sheet of laminated glass within 5 seconds after the hard sphere
has collided therewith in Examples 1, 2, 4, and 5. The plural
sheets of laminated glass of the respective Examples 1, 2, 4, and 5
were determined to be further stably excellent in penetration
resistance.
EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS
[0189] 1: First layer [0190] 1a: First surface [0191] 1b: Second
surface [0192] 2: Second layer [0193] 2a: Outer surface [0194] 3:
Third layer [0195] 3a: Outer surface [0196] 11: Interlayer film
[0197] 11a: First surface [0198] 11b: Second surface [0199] 21:
First lamination glass member [0200] 22: Second lamination glass
member
* * * * *