U.S. patent application number 15/937510 was filed with the patent office on 2018-08-09 for non-mutagenic photochromic dye.
The applicant listed for this patent is Courtland Imel, Clifton Sanders. Invention is credited to Courtland Imel, Clifton Sanders.
Application Number | 20180221262 15/937510 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 58672751 |
Filed Date | 2018-08-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180221262 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Sanders; Clifton ; et
al. |
August 9, 2018 |
Non-Mutagenic Photochromic Dye
Abstract
A method of solubilizing a composition, such as an organic
manufactured photochromic dye that is free of carcinogens,
non-mutagenic, non-toxic to human skin in any concentration, and
suitable for application to, and absorbable by, human skin. The
photochromic dye is suitable to be applied directly to human skin,
and which dye is configured to indicate exposure to UV rays. The
composition is configured to change color upon exposure to UVA, UVB
and/or UVC rays. The composition can be used with other
compositions, such as sunscreen, and be applied to human skin prior
to application of the sunscreen, or, formulated with the sunscreen
such that when the active ingredients of the sunscreen diminish,
the photochromic dye will change color to generate a visual
indicator of this condition.
Inventors: |
Sanders; Clifton;
(Carrollton, TX) ; Imel; Courtland; (Dallas,
TX) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Sanders; Clifton
Imel; Courtland |
Carrollton
Dallas |
TX
TX |
US
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
58672751 |
Appl. No.: |
15/937510 |
Filed: |
March 27, 2018 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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15619408 |
Jun 9, 2017 |
9925131 |
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15937510 |
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15449929 |
Mar 4, 2017 |
9693945 |
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15619408 |
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15293054 |
Oct 13, 2016 |
9611389 |
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15449929 |
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15145410 |
May 3, 2016 |
9545374 |
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15293054 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/34 20130101; A61K
8/85 20130101; A61Q 17/04 20130101; A61Q 19/04 20130101; A61K
8/4973 20130101; C09B 57/00 20130101; A61K 8/8182 20130101; A61K
8/37 20130101; C09B 19/00 20130101; A61K 8/498 20130101; A61K 8/84
20130101; A61K 8/922 20130101; A61K 2800/434 20130101; C09B 67/0096
20130101; A61K 8/8158 20130101; A61K 2800/438 20130101; A61K
2800/45 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/49 20060101
A61K008/49; C09B 57/00 20060101 C09B057/00; A61Q 17/04 20060101
A61Q017/04; A61K 8/92 20060101 A61K008/92; A61K 8/37 20060101
A61K008/37; A61K 8/84 20060101 A61K008/84; A61K 8/81 20060101
A61K008/81 |
Claims
1-18. (canceled)
19. A composition of an organic manufactured photochromic dye that
is free of carcinogens, non-mutagenic, and configured to be
absorbable by human skin.
20. The composition as specified in claim 19 wherein the
photochromic dye is selected from the group of: naphthopyrans with
an alkyl bridge between pyran rings, siro oxazines, azobenzenes,
photo fulgides, photochromic fulgides, and diarylenthene.
21. The composition as specified in claim 20 wherein the
photochromic dye is a naphthopyran.
22. The composition as specified in claim 19 wherein the
photochromic dye is solubilized in ethanol.
23. The composition as specified in claim 22 wherein the
photochromic dye is solubilized in at least 190 proof ethanol.
24. The composition as specified in claim 19 wherein the
photochromic dye is configured to illuminate at a wavelength
between 200 nm and 600 nm.
25. The composition as specified in claim 19 wherein the
composition is non-toxic to human skin in any concentration.
Description
CLAIM OF PRIORITY
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part (CIP) of
co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/293,054 filed Oct.
13, 2016 entitled Method, Composition for the Preparation and
Cleaning of Photo Chromic Dyes Resulting in a Product Suitable for
Use on Human Skin, which is a continuation-in-part (CIP) of U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 15/145,410 filed May 3, 2016, issued as
U.S. Pat. No. 9,545,374 B2, entitled Method, Composition for the
Preparation and Cleaning of Photo Chromic Dyes Resulting in a
Product Suitable for Use on Human Skin.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates to a method of solubilizing
an organic manufactured photochromic dyes and inks, and a new
manufacturing process that removes known carcinogens and toxins
from organic manufactured photochromic inks and dyes. This process
creates cleaned, solubilized non-mutagenic photochromic ink and dye
materials suitable to be applied to and absorbed by human skin
without causing adverse reactions, and which meet U.S. Federal Drug
Administration (FDA) requirements.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Over eighty percent of the population will experience some
type of reaction to their skin as a result of being exposed to
Ultra Violet (UV) rays, such as UVA, UVB, and UVC rays. Such skin
damage is photochemical in nature and is directly associated with
high energy, short wavelength radiation. The end result is an
undesirable biological change, such as inflammation and mutations
to the DNA.
[0004] The use of photochromic dyes that illuminate with a
wavelength between 200 nm and 600 nm serve as indicators to the
public alerting them of their exposure to Ultra Violet rays.
[0005] The current manufacturing processes of photochromic dyes
result in residual amounts of carcinogens remaining in, and on,
these materials. By re-defining the manufacturing process, this
disclosure provides a process to remove these carcinogens without
altering chemical structure or function of the dyes.
[0006] These manufacturing processes are common throughout the
industry for those companies manufacturing photochromic dyes. These
photochromic dyes were not originally intended to be applied to
human skin. Subsequently, there was no need to remove the affected
carcinogens because the dyes and inks were used in other mediums
(i.e. plastics, paper, t-shirts, and other novelty items).
SUMMARY
[0007] This disclosure provides a method of solubilizing a
composition, such as an organic manufactured photochromic dye that
is free of carcinogens, non-mutagenic, non-toxic to human skin in
any concentration, and suitable for application to human skin. The
photochromic dye is suitable to be applied directly to and absorbed
by human skin, and which dye is configured to indicate exposure to
UV rays. The composition is configured to change color upon
exposure to UVA, UVB and/or UVC rays. The composition can be used
with other compositions, such as sunscreen, and be applied to human
skin prior to application of the sunscreen, or, formulated with the
sunscreen such that when the active ingredients of the sunscreen
diminish, the chromic dye will change color to generate a visual
indicator of this condition.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] FIG. 1A is an apparatus, and FIG. 1B is a conventional
method for producing a photochromic dye that includes carcinogens
using the apparatus of FIG. 1A;
[0009] FIG. 2A is a diagram of a method for producing an organic
manufactured non-toxic photochromic dye without carcinogens, and
which can be directly applied to human skin for detecting exposure
to UVA, UVB, and UVC rays;
[0010] FIG. 2B is a diagram of a method for solubilizing the
cleaned photochromic dye;
[0011] FIG. 3 is a layout of a set-up for conducting an Ames test
that is commonly used to determine if a dye is free of carcinogens
and non-mutagenic;
[0012] FIGS. 4A and 4B shows results from an Ames Out of
Specification (OOS) test confirming the Ames test set-up of FIG. 3
is within Specification; and
[0013] FIGS. 5A and 5B is a chart detailing actual Ames test
results from cleaning a naphthopyran organic manufactured
photochromic dye cleaned according to this disclosure, confirming
the cleaned dye is free of carcinogens and is non-mutagenic
DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS
[0014] The following description of example embodiments provides
information that enables a person skilled in the art to make and
use the subject matter set forth in the appended claims, but may
omit certain details already well-known in the art. The following
detailed description is, therefore, to be taken as illustrative and
not limiting.
[0015] The example embodiments may also be described herein with
reference to spatial relationships between various elements or to
the spatial orientation of various elements depicted in the
attached drawings. In general, such relationships or orientation
assume a frame of reference consistent with or relative to a
patient in a position to receive treatment. However, as should be
recognized by those skilled in the art, this frame of reference is
merely a descriptive expedient rather than a strict
prescription.
[0016] Conventional and toxic organic manufactured photochromic
dyes that include carcinogens are commercially available from
numerous sources, such as Pittsburgh Paint and Glass of Pittsburgh,
Pa. Illustrative organic manufactured photochromic dyes include
siro oxazines, which are blue dyes, and naphthopyrans that are
yellow and red dyes. Because of the relative toxicity of these dyes
when compared to other classes of dyes, they are more suitable for
medical and skin usage. These dyes also have the advantage that
they fade rapidly. One preferred photochromic dye is fused
naphthopyrans with an alkyl bridge between the pyran rings.
[0017] Other conventional toxic and carcinogenic dyes that can be
cleaned according to this disclosure include azobenzenes, photo
fulgides, photochromic fulgides and diarylenthene. Photochromic
fulgides and diarylenthene are fluorescing dyes.
[0018] Dyes are distinguished from pigments. A dye is a colored
substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is
being applied and can be absorbed by the substrate, and can be
solubilized, such as in an ester. In contrast to a dye, a pigment
is insoluble and has no affinity for the substrate. Dyes and
pigments are distinct coloring substances. Dyes have significant
advantages over pigments because dyes are absorbable in a substrate
including human skin, and thus last longer that a topical pigment.
In addition, pigments have a less vibrant color contrast, and are
generally more expensive.
[0019] Conventional Cleaning Process for Photochromic Dyes
[0020] Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, there is shown a conventional
manufacturing process at 10 for processing a chromic dye that is
toxic and contains carcinogens. Toxic dyes are defined in this
disclosure as dyes that are toxic to human cells in any
concentration. The conventional chromic dye is not suitable to be
applied directly to human skin, but rather to, mediums such as
plastics, paper, t-shirts, and other novelty items.
[0021] At step 12, the manufactured chromic dye is
precipitated.
[0022] At step 14, the chromic dye is washed in a tank, also
conventionally referred to as a reactor, in an equal portion of
Carbon Tetra Chloride and Chloroform.
[0023] At step 16, the chromic dye is re-crystallized and dried in
a rotary dryer.
[0024] At step 18, the chromic dye crystals are washed in 100%
methanol, dried and packed.
[0025] Cleaning Process for Chromic Dyes Suitable for Human
Skin
[0026] Referring to FIG. 2A, there is shown one exemplary
embodiment of a manufacturing process at 20 for producing a
photochromic dye that is free of carcinogens, non-toxic and
suitable for application to human skin, such as for use as a UVA,
UVB and/or UVC indicator. The photochromic dye is configured to
illuminate at a wavelength of between 200 nm and 600 nm, although
other wavelengths are possible.
[0027] At step 22, the step of washing the photochromic dye in
Carbon Tetra Chloride and Chloroform previously described in step
14 is removed entirely from the manufacturing process. The
photochromic dye is washed in a first tank a first time with an
alcohol based solution, such as in equal portions, preferably a
100% methanol wash in one exemplary embodiment. Ethanol Propanol
can be used in another exemplary embodiment. The photochromic dye
may be washed at room temperature in one illustrative embodiment.
The photochromic dye may also be washed at 40 degrees Celsius to
speed up the process in another illustrative embodiment. The wash
process may last for 4 hours in one illustrative embodiment, but
other longer and shorter times are acceptable. This step removes
impurities that are harmful to human skin, such as toxins and
carcinogens.
[0028] At step 24, the photochromic dye is re-crystalized and
dried. In one illustrative embodiment, this may be done by vacuum
filtering at room temperature. In another illustrative embodiment,
the photochromic dye may be cooled at 25 degrees Celsius, for 4
hours to speed up the process. In an optional step, the
re-crystalized dried dye is mixed in equal portions with a 45%
Tolune, 45% Heptane, and 10% Ethanol solution, and then vacuum
cooled again, such as at 25 degrees Celsius, for 4 hours to speed
up the process. The wash process may last for 4 hours in one
illustrative embodiment, but other times are acceptable.
[0029] At step 26, the re-crystalized and dried photochromic dye is
washed in a second tank a second time in an alcohol based solution,
such as in equal portions, preferably a 100% methanol wash in one
exemplary embodiment, and Ethanol Propanol in another exemplary
embodiment. The dye may be washed at room temperature in one
illustrative embodiment. In another illustrative embodiment, the
dye may be washed at 40 degrees Celsius to speed up the process.
The wash process may last for 4 hours in one illustrative
embodiment, but other shorter and longer times are acceptable. This
additional wash is preferable, but not required if the wash of step
22 is sufficient to completely remove impurities that are harmful
to human skin, such as toxins and carcinogens.
[0030] At step 28 the photochromic dye is re-crystalized and dried
again. In one illustrative embodiment, this may be done by vacuum
filtering at room temperature. In another illustrative embodiment,
the dye may be cooled at 25 degrees Celsius, for 4 hours to speed
up the process.
[0031] At step 30, the re-crystallized and dried photochromic dye
is then washed a first time in an acyclic aliphatic solution,
preferably 100% heptanes. The dye may be washed at room temperature
in one illustrative embodiment. In another illustrative embodiment,
the dye may be washed at 40 degrees Celsius to speed up the
process. The wash process may last for 4 hours in one illustrative
embodiment, although other longer and shorter times are acceptable.
Acetone may be used in another exemplary embodiment. This wash in
100% heptanes is effective to completely remove impurities that are
harmful to human skin, such as toxins and carcinogens.
[0032] At step 32 the photochromic dye is re-crystalized and dried
again. In one illustrative embodiment, this may be done by vacuum
filtering, such as at room temperature. In another illustrative
embodiment, this may be done at 0 degrees Celsius, for 4 hours to
speed up the process.
[0033] At step 34, the re-crystallized and dried photochromic dye
is then washed a second time in an acyclic aliphatic solution,
preferably 100% heptanes in one exemplary embodiment, and Acetone
in another exemplary embodiment. In one illustrative embodiment,
the dye may be washed for 4 hours at room temperature. In another
illustrative embodiment, the dye may be washed at 40 degrees
Celsius to speed up the process.
[0034] At step 36, the photochromic dye is re-crystalized and
dried. In one illustrative embodiment, this may be done by vacuum
filtering at room temperature. In another embodiment, this may be
done at 0 degrees Celsius, for 4 hours to speed up the process.
[0035] The resulting recrystallized non-toxic photochromic dye is
then packaged for sale and shipment, as depicted in step 38. In one
illustrative embodiment, the dye may be vacuum packaged.
[0036] At step 40, upon receipt of the packaged non-toxic
photochromic dye, and before formulation of the photochromic dye in
a carrier, the photochromic dye is washed and solubilized in an
ester of 190-200 proof ethanol to ensure that there is no trace of
heptanes in the photochromic dye.
[0037] This process is safe, timely and cost effective.
[0038] In another exemplary embodiment, the photochromic dye can be
washed only once in an alcohol based solution, such as only once in
methanol or Ethanol Propanol, and only once in an acyclic aliphatic
solution, such as 100% heptanes or Acetone. However, performing
each wash twice helps ensure the production of the non-toxic
photochromic dye suitable for application to human skin. In another
exemplary embodiment, the photochromic dye may be washed more than
once in an alcohol based solution, and more than twice in an
acyclic aliphatic solution, such as 100% heptanes.
[0039] Solubility
[0040] The cleaned photochromic dye open as a UV indicator, and can
be formulated into a cosmetic base and applied safely on human
skin. Other products, such as sunscreens, dermatology processes,
anti-biotics, make-up and the like may be used with the cleaned
photochromic dye.
[0041] The above described photochromic dye cleaning process 20
removes several unwanted solvents that aided in the
mixing/solubility of the photochromic dye in many of cosmetic
bases. Therefore, it is advantageous to create a cosmetic lotion,
anhydrous, solvent marker, gel, and hydro alcoholic solution to
improve the solubility of the cleaned photochromic dye for use in a
cosmetic base.
[0042] Referring to FIG. 2B, there is shown a process 50 for
creating a cosmetic lotion, anhydrous, solvent marker, gel, and
hydro alcoholic solution configured to improve the solubility of
the cleaned photochromic dye as described above for use in a
cosmetic base.
[0043] At step 52, a portion of the cleaned photochromic is placed
in a clean reactor.
[0044] At step 54, an appropriate amount of an ethanol is added
into the reactor to create a mixture. For example, a preferred
mixture may be 50% of cleaned photochromic dye and 50% of ethanol.
A desired concentration range of the mixture is 45% to 55% of
cleaned photochromic dye, although other concentrations may be
suitable.
[0045] At step 56, the mixture of step 54 is heated in the reactor
at a vigorous speed to about 80 degrees Fahrenheit (F.). The speed
may be between 300 rotations per minute (RPM) and 800 RPMs until
the cleaned photochromic dye is totally dissolved in the ethanol.
The mixture can have a temperature of between 50 degrees F. and 100
degrees F.
[0046] At step 58, a water proofing, fast drying polymer or
copolymer is added to the mixture of step 56 in the reactor. The
amount of the polymer or copolymer may be 2-5% of the mixture after
addition into the reactor. Suitable polymers include Styleze W-10
from ISP Technologies Inc. and Glossamer. L-6600 from TRI K
industries. The preferred polymer is Styeze W-10. This is a mixture
of several materials. The next best preferred material is the
Glossamer L-6600.
[0047] The polymer or copolymer is advantageous to form a
waterproof film that contains the dissolved cleaned photochromic
dyes.
[0048] At step 60, a natural oil, such as a castor oil, is added to
the mixture of step 58 in the reactor, and the mixture is mixed
until the polymer or copolymer cross links. The amount of natural
oil is 3-5% of the mixture after addition into the reactor. This is
advantageous to 4% to 5%.
[0049] At step 62, the mixture of step 60 is then diluted to a
volume with an ester, such as an ethyl alcohol and/or C-12-15
benzoate alcohol ester. The mixture is then heated until all
material has dissolved. Next, Dimethyl Isosorbide is added and
mixed until the mixture is clear. The amount of Dimethyl Isosorbide
is 3% to 7% of the mixture. This is desired to cross link the
polymer or copolymer. This step completes the preparation of a
solubilized cleaned photochromic dye.
[0050] At step 64, the solubilized cleaned photochromic dye of step
62 is added to a cosmetic base, such as a cosmetic lotion,
anhydrous, solvent marker, gel, and hydro alcoholic solution. This
creates a solubilized mixture of a cosmetic base and cleaned
photochromic dye that will easily be absorbed into the skin of a
mammal. This is because alcohol and Dimethyl Isosorbide penetrate
the skin.
[0051] Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown a conventional layout of
a set-up for performing an Ames test to determine if a dye has any
carcinogens and if it is mutagenic. The Ames test is a widely
employed method that uses bacteria to test whether a given chemical
can cause mutation in the DNA of the test organism. More formally,
it is a biological assay to assay the mutagenic potential of a
chemical compound. A positive indicates that the chemical is a
mutagenic compound and therefore may act as a carcinogen because
cancer is often linked to mutations.
[0052] The Ames test uses several strains of the bacterium
Salmonella typhimurium that carry mutations in genes involved in
histidine synthesis. These strains are auxotrophic mutants, i.e.
they require histidine for growth, but cannot produce it. The
method tests the capability of the tested substance in creating
mutations that result in a return to a "prototrophic" state, so
that the cells can grow on a histidine-free medium.
[0053] The tester strains are specially constructed to detect
either frameshift strains TA-1537 and TA-1538) or point (e.g.
strain TA-1531) mutations in the genes required to synthesize
histidine, so that mutagens acting via different mechanisms may be
identified. Some compounds are quite specific, causing reversions
in just one or two strains. The tester strains also carry mutations
in the genes responsible for lipopolysaccharide synthesis, making
the cell wall of the bacteria more permeable, and in the excision
repair system to make the test more sensitive. Rat liver extract is
optionally added to simulate the effect of metabolism, as some
compounds, like benzo[a]pyrene, are not mutagenic themselves but
their metabolic products are.
[0054] The bacteria are spread on au agar plate with small amount
of histidine. This small amount of histidine in the growth medium
allows the bacteria to grow for an initial time and have the
opportunity to mutate. When the histidine is depleted only bacteria
that have mutated to gain the ability to produce its own histidine
will survive. The plate is incubated for 48 hours. The mutagenicity
of a substance is proportional to the number of colonies
observed.
[0055] Ames Test and Carcinogens
[0056] Mutagens identified via Ames test are also possible
carcinogens, and early studies by Ames showed that 90% of known
carcinogens may be identified via this test. Later studies however
showed identification of 50-70% of known carcinogens. The test was
used to identify a number of compounds previously used in
commercial products as potential carcinogens. Examples include tris
(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, which was used as a flame retardant
in plastic and textiles such as children's sleepwear, and
furylfuramide which was used as an antibacterial additive in food
in Japan in 1960s and 1970s. Furylfuramide in fact had previously
passed animal test, but more vigorous tests after its
identification in the Ames test showed it to be carcinogenic. Their
positive tests resulted in those chemicals being withdrawn from use
in consumer products.
[0057] One interesting result from the Ames test is that the dose
response curve using varying concentrations of chemical is almost
always linear, indicating that there is no threshold concentration
for mutagenesis. It therefore suggests that, as with radiations,
there may be no safe threshold for chemical mutagens or
carcinogens. However, some proposed that organisms can tolerate low
level of mutagens due to protective mechanisms such as DNA repair,
and threshold may exist for certain chemical mutagens. Bruce Ames
himself argued against linear dose-response extrapolation from the
high dose used in carcinogenesis tests in animal systems to the
lower dose of chemicals normally encountered in human exposure, as
the results may be false positives due to mitogenic response caused
by the artificially high dose of chemicals used in such tests. He
also cautioned against the "hysteria over tiny traces of chemicals
that may or may not cause cancer", that "completely drives out the
major risks you should be aware of."
[0058] The Ames test is often used as one of the initial screens
for potential drugs to weed out possible carcinogens, and it is one
of the eight tests required under the Pesticide Act (USA) and one
of six tests required under the Toxic Substances Control Act
(USA).
[0059] Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, an Out Of Specification (OOS)
test in accordance with Ames standards was performed on an Ames
set-up according to FIG. 3, to qualify the set-up and validate the
equipment used in the set-up as accurate and within Ames standard
specifications. The data shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B verifies that the
Ames set-up is within Specifications established by the Ames
procedures.
[0060] Referring now to the chart in FIGS. 5A and 5B, there is
shown detailed Ames test results of a cleaned naphthopyran
photochromic dye according to the process of this disclosure using
the qualified Ames set-up shown in FIG. 3. It can be seen that the
Ames test results prove that the cleaned naphthopyran dye
composition is non-mutagenic and free of carcinogens, and is
non-toxic to human skin cells in any concentration.
[0061] Additional Ames tests of all disclosed photochromic dyes
identified in previous paragraphs and cleaned according to the
disclosed process show no residual carcinogens, that the cleaned
photochromic dyes are non-mutagenic, and the cleaned photochromic
dyes are non-toxic to human skin cells in any concentration.
[0062] The appended claims set forth novel and inventive aspects of
the subject matter described above, but the claims may also
encompass additional subject matter not specifically recited in
detail. For example, certain features, elements, or aspects may be
omitted from the claims if not necessary to distinguish the novel
and inventive features from what is already known to a person
having ordinary skill in the art. Features, elements, and aspects
described herein may also be combined or replaced by alternative
features serving the same, equivalent, or similar purpose without
departing from the scope of the invention defined by the appended
claims.
* * * * *