U.S. patent application number 15/902770 was filed with the patent office on 2018-07-26 for pharmaceutical compositions comprising meloxicam.
The applicant listed for this patent is AXSOME THERAPEUTICS, INC.. Invention is credited to Herriot Tabuteau.
Application Number | 20180207274 15/902770 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 61191060 |
Filed Date | 2018-07-26 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180207274 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Tabuteau; Herriot |
July 26, 2018 |
PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING MELOXICAM
Abstract
Disclosed herein are compositions comprising an NSAID such as
meloxicam in combination with a cyclodextrin and/or a carbonate or
a bicarbonate. These compositions may be orally administered, for
example, to improve the bioavailability or pharmacokinetics of the
NSAID for the treatment of conditions such as pain.
Inventors: |
Tabuteau; Herriot; (New
York, NY) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
AXSOME THERAPEUTICS, INC. |
New York |
NY |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
61191060 |
Appl. No.: |
15/902770 |
Filed: |
February 22, 2018 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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15797955 |
Oct 30, 2017 |
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15902770 |
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15132130 |
Apr 18, 2016 |
9821075 |
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15797955 |
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PCT/US2016/026991 |
Apr 11, 2016 |
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15132130 |
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62114215 |
Feb 10, 2015 |
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62259993 |
Nov 25, 2015 |
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62526884 |
Jun 29, 2017 |
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62536466 |
Jul 25, 2017 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 9/0053 20130101;
A61K 9/2009 20130101; A61K 47/02 20130101; A61K 31/5415 20130101;
A61P 29/00 20180101; A61K 45/06 20130101; C08B 37/0015 20130101;
A61K 47/40 20130101; A61K 31/4439 20130101; A61K 47/6951 20170801;
C08B 37/0012 20130101; A61K 9/2086 20130101; A61K 31/5415 20130101;
A61K 2300/00 20130101; A61K 31/4439 20130101; A61K 2300/00
20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61K 47/02 20060101
A61K047/02; A61K 47/40 20060101 A61K047/40; A61K 45/06 20060101
A61K045/06; A61K 31/4439 20060101 A61K031/4439; A61K 31/5415
20060101 A61K031/5415; A61K 9/00 20060101 A61K009/00 |
Claims
1. A method of reducing the T.sub.max of orally administered
meloxicam comprising: orally administering a solid dosage form to a
human being, wherein the solid dosage form comprises: 1) a complex
of meloxicam and a sulfobutyl ether .beta.-cyclodextrin
(SBE.beta.CD), and 2) a bicarbonate, wherein orally administering
the solid dosage form to the human being results in a T.sub.max of
meloxicam that is shorter than a T.sub.max of a reference solid
dosage form that: 1) contains the same amount of meloxicam, 2) does
not contain an SBE.beta.CD, and 3) does not contain a bicarbonate,
wherein the oral dosage form has been shown to have a median
T.sub.max of meloxicam that is less than 1 hour in human
beings.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid dosage form contains
about 10 mg to about 20 mg of meloxicam.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid dosage form contains
about 15 mg of meloxicam.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the SBE.beta.CD has about 6 to
about 7 sulfobutyl ether groups for each molecule of
.beta.-cyclodextrin.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid dosage form contains
about 50 mg to about 200 mg of the SBE.beta.CD.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid dosage form contains
about 100 mg of the SBE.beta.CD.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the bicarbonate is sodium
bicarbonate.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid dosage form contains
about 400 mg to about 600 mg of the bicarbonate.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the solid dosage form contains
about 500 mg of sodium bicarbonate.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid dosage form further
comprises an acid inhibitor.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the acid inhibitor is a proton
pump inhibitor.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the proton pump inhibitor is
esomeprazole.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein about 30 mg to about 50 mg of
esomeprazole is present in the solid dosage form.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the solid dosage form contains
about 40 mg of esomeprazole.
15. The method of claim 11, wherein the proton pump inhibitor is
esomeprazole, omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, or
rabeprazole.
16. A method of increasing the C.sub.max of orally administered
meloxicam comprising: orally administering a solid dosage form to a
human being, wherein the solid dosage form comprises: 1) a complex
of meloxicam and a sulfobutyl ether .beta.-cyclodextrin
(SBE.beta.CD), and 2) a bicarbonate, wherein orally administering
the solid dosage form to the human being results in a C.sub.max of
meloxicam that is at least about 30% higher than a C.sub.max of a
reference solid dosage form that: 1) contains the same amount of
meloxicam, 2) does not contain an SBE.beta.CD, and 3) does not
contain a bicarbonate.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the solid dosage form contains
about 10 mg to about 20 mg of meloxicam.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the solid dosage form contains
about 15 mg of meloxicam.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein the SBE.beta.CD has about 6 to
about 7 sulfobutyl ether groups for each molecule of
.beta.-cyclodextrin.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein the solid dosage form contains
about 50 mg to about 200 mg of the SBE.beta.CD.
21. The method of claim 16, wherein the solid dosage form contains
about 100 mg of the SBE.beta.CD.
22. The method of claim 16, wherein the bicarbonate is sodium
bicarbonate.
23. The method of claim 16, wherein the solid dosage form contains
about 400 mg to about 600 mg of the bicarbonate.
24. The method of claim 22, wherein the solid dosage form contains
about 500 mg of sodium bicarbonate.
25. The method of claim 16, wherein the solid dosage form further
comprises an acid inhibitor.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein the acid inhibitor is a proton
pump inhibitor.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the proton pump inhibitor is
esomeprazole.
28. The method of claim 27, wherein about 30 mg to about 50 mg of
esomeprazole is present in the solid dosage form.
29. The method of claim 27, wherein the solid dosage form contains
about 40 mg of esomeprazole.
30. The method of claim 26, wherein the proton pump inhibitor is
esomeprazole, omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, or
rabeprazole.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 15/797,955, filed Oct. 30, 2017; which is a
continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
15/132,130, filed Apr. 18, 2016; which claims the benefit of U.S.
Provisional Pat. App. Nos. 62/114,215, filed Feb. 10, 2015, and
62/259,993, filed Nov. 25, 2015; the above U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 15/797,955 also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Pat. App. Nos. 62/526,884, filed Jun. 29, 2017, and 62/536,466,
filed Jul. 25, 2017; all of the above documents are hereby
incorporated by reference in their entireties.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Meloxicam, which has the structure:
##STR00001##
is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drug that exhibits
anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities. The
meloxicam mechanism of action may be related to prostaglandin
synthetase (cyclo-oxygenase, COX) inhibition which is involved in
the initial steps of the arachidonic acid cascade, resulting in the
reduced formation of prostaglandins, thromboxanes and
prostacylin.
SUMMARY
[0003] Meloxicam and some other NSAIDs have poor aqueous solubility
which may reduce bioavailability and slow the onset of pain relief
resulting from their use. One means of increasing the solubility
and bioavailability of meloxicam is through the use of
cyclodextrins. Cyclodextrin (also known as cycloamyloses) are
generally cyclic polysaccharides which form a bucket-like shape.
Cyclodextrins help to increase bioavailability of other molecules
because cyclodextrins are hydrophobic on the inside and hydrophilic
on the inside which helps to facilitate the transport of molecules.
The naturally occurring cyclodextrins include six, seven, and eight
glucose units (.alpha., .beta., and .gamma.-cyclodextrin,
respectively). However, synthetic cyclodextrins containing more or
less glucose units are possible. In aqueous solutions,
cyclodextrins can form complexes (i.e., an inclusion complex) with
drugs by incorporating the drug into the center/hydrophobic portion
of the cyclodextrin ring; although cyclodextrin compounds are also
known to aggregate around a drug in a micelle-type structure. This
ability of cyclodextrins may allow them to act as carriers to
increase the bioavailability of less soluble drugs.
[0004] Some embodiments include an inclusion complex of meloxicam
in a cyclodextrin.
[0005] Some embodiments include a dosage form comprising: 1) an
inclusion complex of meloxicam and a cyclodextrin, or 2) meloxicam
and a carbonate or a bicarbonate.
[0006] Some embodiments include a method of administering meloxicam
orally, comprising orally administering a dosage form described
herein to a patient in need of treatment.
[0007] Some embodiments include a method of administering meloxicam
intravenously, comprising intravenously administering a dosage form
described herein to a patient in need of treatment.
[0008] Disclosed herein are formulations for an inclusion complex
of cyclodextrin and meloxicam with bicarbonate and methods of use
thereof.
[0009] Disclosed herein are formulations and methods for delivering
meloxicam with cyclodextrin to a subject by oral, enteral,
intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intranasal, or other
parenteral means.
[0010] Disclosed also are methods for treating pain and pain
associated with conditions by delivering a dosage form with
meloxicam, cyclodextrin, and bicarbonate by oral, enteral,
intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intranasal, or other
parenteral means to a subject.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] FIG. 1 is a depiction of the results described in Example 2
and contained in Table 6.
[0012] FIG. 2 is another depiction of the results described in
Example 2 and contained in Table 6.
[0013] FIG. 3 is another depiction of the results described in
Example 2 and contained in Table 6.
[0014] FIG. 4 is another depiction of the results described in
Example 2 and contained in Table 6.
[0015] FIG. 5 is another depiction of the results described in
Example 2 and contained in Table 6.
[0016] FIG. 6 is another depiction of the results described in
Example 2 and contained in Table 6.
[0017] FIG. 7 is another depiction of the results described in
Example 2 and contained in Table 6.
[0018] FIG. 8 is another depiction of the results described in
Example 2 and contained in Table 6.
[0019] FIG. 9 is another depiction of the results described in
Example 2 and contained in Table 6.
[0020] FIG. 10 is another depiction of the results described in
Example 2 and contained in Table 6.
[0021] FIG. 11 is a plot of meloxicam plasma concentration at
various time points over the first 24 hours for an embodiment of a
dosage form described herein and a commercially available meloxicam
dosage form.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] Provided herein are dosage forms with NSAIDs (such as
meloxicam) and cyclodextrin (optionally in an inclusion complex),
and/or bicarbonate, and methods of treatment using the dosage
form.
[0023] A dosage form may be given enterally including, but not
limited to, oral, sublingual, or rectal delivery, or parenterally
including, but not limited to, intravenous, intramuscular,
intranasal, or subcutaneous delivery.
[0024] Some methods include administration of a product that
combines an NSAID that is formulated with: a) a cyclodextrin and/or
b) a buffering agent. In some embodiments, the method involves
treating a patient with a pharmaceutical formulation comprising
meloxicam and a cyclodextrin and/or a carbonate/bicarbonate. Method
embodiments may also include treating a patient to increase the
bioavailability of meloxicam in the patient or increase the rate at
which the meloxicam becomes bioavailable.
[0025] The term "treating" or "treatment" broadly includes any kind
of treatment activity, including the diagnosis, cure, mitigation,
or prevention of disease in man or other animals, or any activity
that otherwise affects the structure or any function of the body of
man or other animals.
[0026] The dosage form may be used to treat, or provide relief of,
any type of pain including, but not limited to, migraine and other
types of headache, inflammatory pain, musculoskeletal pain,
neuropathic pain, chronic pain, acute pain, localized pain,
systemic pain, cancer-related pain, acute pain, pain due to injury,
pain due to illness (e.g., fever), post-operative pain, etc. In
some instances, pain relief may be palliative, or pain relief may
be provided independent of improvement of the disease or condition
or the underlying cause of the disease or condition. For example,
although the underlying disease may not improve, or may continue to
progress, an individual suffering from the disease may experience
pain relief. In some embodiments, the pain affects a muscle, nerve,
cartilage, bone, ligament, tendon, tendon sheaths, bursae, or
joint.
[0027] In some embodiments, the dosage form may also be
administered to relieve arthritis pain. In some embodiments the
dosage form may be administered to relieve other signs and/or
symptoms of arthritis. Examples of arthritis include, but are not
limited to, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
(pauciarticular and polyarticular course), osteoarthritis, erosive
osteoarthritis, sero-negative (non-rheumatoid), arthropathies,
non-articular rheumatism, peri-articular disorders, axial
spondyloarthritis, transient osteoarthritis of the hip, vertebral
crush fractures, osteoporosis, and neuropathic arthropathies
including Charcot's foot, axial spondyloarthritis including
ankylosing spondylitis, and SAPHO syndrome. In other embodiments,
the arthritis pain may be chronic or acute. In some embodiments the
dosage form may be administered to relief the signs and/or symptoms
of an arthritis including but not limited osteoarthritis
[0028] For some methods, administration of the dosage form may
achieve a reduction in pain that lasts at least about one hour, two
hours, three hours, four hours, six hours, at least about eight
hours, about eight to about 24 hours, or about 24 hours. In other
embodiments, administration of the dosage form may achieve a
reduction in pain that is observed at about 10 minutes, at about 30
minutes, at about one hour, at about two hours, at about three
hours, at about four hours, at about five hours, at about six
hours, at less than 15 minutes, at less than 20 minutes, 30
minutes, at less than one hour, at less than two hours, at less
than three hours, at about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50,
or 60 minutes, or other time period bound by these ranges, after
administration of the dosage form.
[0029] In some embodiments, the dosage form may also be
administered to relieve neuropathic pain, including diabetic
peripheral neuropathy, post-herpetic neuralgia, trigeminal
neuralgia, monoradiculopathies, phantom limb pain, sciatica,
pudendal neuralgia, and central pain. Other causes of neuropathic
pain may include, but are not limited to, cancer-related pain,
lumbar nerve root compression, spinal cord injury, post-stroke
pain, central multiple sclerosis pain, HIV-associated neuropathy,
and radio-therapy or chemo-therapy associated neuropathy. The
neuropathic pain treated may be chronic or acute.
[0030] In some methods, the dosage form may be administered to
relieve inflammatory pain including inflammatory musculoskeletal
pain, pain due to injury, arthritis pain, and complex regional pain
syndrome. In other embodiments, the inflammatory pain may be
chronic or acute.
[0031] Arthritis refers to inflammatory joint diseases that can be
associated with pain. Examples of arthritis pain include but are
not limited to pain associated with osteoarthritis, erosive
osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid
arthritis, sero-negative (non-rheumatoid) arthropathies,
non-articular rheumatism, peri-articular disorders, neuropathic
arthropathies including Charcot's foot, axial spondyloarthritis
including ankylosing spondylitis, and SAPHO syndrome. The
inflammatory joint disease treated may be chronic or acute.
[0032] For some methods, the meloxicam may be administered to
relieve musculoskeletal pain. Examples of musculoskeletal pain may
include, but are not limited to, back pain, low back pain (e.g.,
lumbosacral pain), neck pain, infection, cramps, tendonitis,
epidondylitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, joint pain, fibromyalgia,
pain due to injury, Tunnel syndromes, pain associated with bone
fractures, sprains, fibrous dysplasia, osteogenesis imperfecta,
Paget's disease of bone, transient osteoporosis, and transient
osteoporosis of the hip. In other embodiments, the musculoskeletal
pain may be chronic or acute.
[0033] A human being that is treated for a disease or condition
with the dosage forms described herein may be of any age. For
example the person may have an age of about 10 years to about 90
years, about 20 years to about 80 years, about 30 years to about 75
years, about 40 years to about 70 years, about 1 year to about 16
years, about 80 years to about 95 years, about 18 years or more,
about 20 years or more, about 25 years or more, about 30 years or
more, about 40 years or more, about 45 years or more, about 50
years or more, about 55 years or more, about 60 years or more,
about 65 years or more, or any other age in a range bounded by, or
between, these values.
[0034] In some embodiments, a human being that is treated for a
disease or condition with a dosage form comprising meloxicam or
another NSAID has suffered from the pain or condition associated
with the pain for at least 1 day, at least one week, at least 2
weeks, at least 1 month, at least 6 weeks, at least 2 months, at
least 3 months, at least 6 months, or at least 1 year, or any
duration in a range bounded by, or between, these values.
[0035] A cyclodextrin used in a dosage form with meloxicam could
include a cyclodextrin, a cyclodextrin derivative, and/or a salt
thereof. An inclusion complex of meloxicam and cyclodextrin may be
more water-soluble relative to the non-complexed meloxicam. The
cyclodextrin may be a naturally-occurring cyclodextrin (e.g.,
.alpha., .beta., or .gamma.-cyclodextrins) or a synthetic
cyclodextrin. In some embodiments, .alpha.-cyclodextrins,
derivatives, or salts thereof may be used. .alpha.-Cyclodextrins
may include, but are not limited to,
(2,3,6-tri-O-acetyl)-.alpha.-cyclodextrin,
(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-.alpha.-cyclodextrin,
(2,3,6-tri-O-octyl)-.alpha.-cyclodextrin,
6-bromo-6-deoxy-.alpha.-cyclodextrin,
6-iodo-6-deoxy-.alpha.-cyclodextrin,
(6-O-tertbutyl-dimethylsilyl)-.alpha.-cyclodextrin,
butyl-.alpha.-cyclodextrin, succinyl-.alpha.-cyclodextrin,
(2-hydroxypropyl)-.alpha.-cyclodextrin, or combinations
thereof.
[0036] In some embodiments, .beta.-cyclodextrins, derivatives, or
salts thereof may be used. .beta.-cyclodextrins may include, but
are not limited to, hydroxypropyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
glucosyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin, maltosyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
6-O-.alpha.-D-glucosyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
6-O-.alpha.-maltosyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
6-azido-6-deoxy-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
(2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-sulfo)-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
methyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin, dimethyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin
(DM.beta.CD), trimethyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin (TM.beta.CD),
(2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-sulfo)-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
(2,6-di-O-methyl)-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
(2,6-di-O-ethyl)-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
(2,3,6-tri-O-acetyl)-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
-(2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl)-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
(2,3,6-tri-O-ethyl)-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
6-iodo-6-deoxy-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
6-(dimethyl-tert-butylsilyl)-6-deoxy-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
6-bromo-6-deoxy-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
monoacetyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin, diacetyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
triacetyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
(3-O-acetyl-2,6-di-O-methyl)-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
(6-O-maltosyl)-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
(6-O-sulfo)-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
(6-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-2,3-di-O-acetyl)-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
succinyl-(2-hydroxypropyl)-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
(2,6-di-O-)ethyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
(2-carboxyethyl)-.beta.-cyclodextrin (CME.beta.CD),
hydroxyethyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin (HE.beta.CD),
(2-hydroxypropyl)-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
(2-hydroxypropyl)-.beta.-cyclodextrin (HP.beta.CD),
(3-hydroxypropyl)-.beta.-cyclodextrin (3HP.beta.CD),
(2,3-hydroxypropyl)-.beta.-cyclodextrin (DHP.beta.CD),
butyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin, methyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
silyl((6-O-tert-butyldimethyl)-2,3,-di-0-acetyl)-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
succinyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin,
(2-hydroxyisobutyl)-.beta.-cyclodextrin, randomly
methylated-.beta.-cyclodextrin, branched-.beta.-cyclodextrin, or
combinations thereof.
[0037] In other embodiments, a .beta.-cyclodextrin may be a
sulfoalkyl ether cyclodextrin, derivative, or salt thereof.
Examples of sulfoalkyl ether cyclodextrin derivatives may include,
but are not limited to, sulfobutyl ether-.beta.-cyclodextrin (e.g.,
SBE.beta.CD, betadex, CAPTISOL.RTM.). In some embodiments, a
SBE.beta.CD may have about 4-8, about 5-8, about 4-7, about 6-7, or
about 6.5 sulfobutyl ether groups per cyclodextrin molecule.
[0038] In some embodiments, .gamma.-cyclodextrins, derivatives, or
salts thereof may be used. .gamma.-cyclodextrins may include
carboxymethyl-.gamma.-cyclodextrin,
(2,3,6-tri-O-acetyl)-.gamma.-cyclodextrin,
(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-.gamma.-cyclodextrin,
(2,6-di-O-pentyl)-.gamma.-cyclodextrin,
6-(dimethyl-tert-butylsilyl)-6-deoxy-.gamma.-cyclodextrin,
6-bromo-6-deoxy-.gamma.-cyclodextrin,
6-iodo-6-deoxy-.gamma.-cyclodextrin,
(6-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl)-.gamma.-cyclodextrin,
succinyl-.gamma.-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl-.gamma.-cyclodextrin
(2-hydroxypropyl)-.gamma.-cyclodextrin,
acetyl-.gamma.-cyclodextrin, butyl-.gamma.-cyclodextrin, or
combinations thereof.
[0039] In some embodiments, the dosage form may include a
bicarbonate, such as sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate,
magnesium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate,
or a combination thereof. A bicarbonate may help to increase
bioavailability of the meloxicam.
[0040] In other embodiments, the dosage form may include a
carbonate, derivatives, or salts thereof. Examples of carbonates
may include aluminum carbonate, ammonium carbonate, barium
carbonate, calcium carbonate, cobalt(II) carbonate, lanthanum
carbonate, lithium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, manganese(II)
carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, or combinations
thereof.
[0041] In some embodiments, enhanced bioavailability of the dosage
form may be achieved in treating one of these conditions by
administering a dosage form comprising a salt form of the
meloxicam, by creating an inclusion complex with meloxicam and
cyclodextrin, and/or by including a bicarbonate. This may allow a
reduced molar amount of the meloxicam to be used as compared to
other meloxicam dosage forms.
[0042] Unless otherwise indicated, any reference to a compound
herein, such as meloxicam or a cyclodextrin, by structure, name, or
any other means, includes pharmaceutically acceptable salts,
alternate solid forms, such as polymorphs, solvates, hydrates,
enantiomers, tautomers, deuterium-modified forms, or any other
chemical species that may rapidly convert to a compound described
herein under conditions in which the compounds are used as
described herein.
[0043] In some embodiments, use of a cyclodextrin, a carbonate, or
a bicarbonate may improve the oral bioavailability of meloxicam by
at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at
least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least
about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, up to about
100%, up to about 200%, or any amount in a range bounded by, or
between, these values as compared to administration of meloxicam
alone.
[0044] Due to the improved bioavailability, the dosage form may
contain, or a subject may receive, on a molar basis, less of the
meloxicam than would otherwise be administered. For example, a
dosage form may contain, or a mammal may receive, at least about 10
mole % less, at least about 20 mole % less, at least about 30 mole
% less, at least about 40 mole % less, at least about 50 mole %
less, at least about 60 mole % less, at least about 70 mole % less,
at least about 80 mole % less, at least about 85 mole % less,
and/or up to about 90 mole % less, 95 mole % less, or any amount in
a range bounded by, or between, these values as would otherwise be
administered of meloxicam.
[0045] In other embodiments, use of other NSAIDs, opioids, or other
pain medications may be reduced by at least about 5%, at least
about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about
25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at
least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least
about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90%, up to about
100%, as compared to the use of other NSAIDs, opioids or other pain
medications without administration of meloxicam with cyclodextrin,
carbonate, and/or bicarbonate.
[0046] In some embodiments, a dosage form may contain meloxicam in
an amount from about 1-50 mg; about 1-10 mg; about 1-5 mg; about
10-40 mg; about 1-35 mg; about 1-25 mg; about 1-15 mg; about 5-20
mg; about 5-10 mg; about 5-15 mg; about 10-20 mg; about 20-30 mg;
about 30-40 mg; about 40-50 mg; about 5 mg; about 7.5 mg; about 10
mg; about 15 mg; about 30 mg; or any amount in a range bounded by,
or between, any of these values. These doses may be a safe dose for
repeated administration, such as once hourly dosing to once daily
dosing, twice daily dosing, dosing one to 12 times daily, doing 3,
4, 5, or 6 times daily, etc. In some embodiments, the meloxicam may
be safely administered 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
or 15 times, or about 3 to about 10 times a day, once a day, or
less frequently, such as once a week, once every two weeks, once a
month, etc.
[0047] For some dosage forms, meloxicam forms a complex with the
substituted-.beta.-cyclodextrin or other another cyclodextrin which
may be formulated into a solid dosage form. Such a dosage form may
be suitable for oral administration. A meloxicam-cyclodextrin
inclusion complex may also be dissolved in water or another solvent
to form a parenteral formulation. However, physical mixtures of
meloxicam and the substituted-.beta.-cyclodextrin or other
cyclodextrins may also be used in oral or parenteral dosage
forms.
[0048] Formation of an inclusion complex of meloxicam and a
cyclodextrin may help to improve the properties of a dosage form.
For some inclusion complexes, the meloxicam and the cyclodextrin
(e.g., SBE.beta.CD) may have a molar ratio of about 0.5-2 (a molar
ratio of 0.5 is 0.5 moles of meloxicam to 1 mole of cyclodextrin),
about 0.5-0.7, about 0.6-0.8, about 0.7-0.9, about 0.8-1, about
0.9-1.1, about 1-1.2, about 1.1-1.3, about 1.2-1.4, about 1.3-1.5,
about 1.4-1.6, about 1.5-1.7, about 1.6-1.8, about 1.7-1.9, about
1.8-2, about 0.8-1.2, about 1, or any ratio in a range bounded by
any of these values.
[0049] For some dosage forms, a cyclodextrin (e.g., SBE.beta.CD)
may be employed in a weight ratio to the meloxicam within the range
from about 1-1000 (e.g. 1 g of cyclodextrin per 1 g of meloxicam is
a weight ratio of 1); about 1-20; about 1-10; about 1-15; about
2-4, about 3-5, about 4-6, about 5-7, about 6-8, about 7-9, about
8-10, or any weight ratio in a range bounded by, or between, any of
these values. For some dosage forms, a cyclodextrin (e.g.,
SBE.beta.CD) may be employed in a weight ratio to the meloxicam
within the range from about 0.001-1 (e.g. 0.1 g of cyclodextrin per
1 g of meloxicam is a weight ratio of 0.1); about 0.01-1; about
0.05-1; about 0.1-1; about 0.2-1; about 0.3-1, about 0.4-1, about
0.5-1, about 0.6-1, about 0.7-1, about 0.8-1, or any weight ratio
in a range bounded by, or between, any of these values. Each type
of cyclodextrin employed may have a different ratio.
[0050] For some dosage forms, the cyclodextrin may be present in an
amount from about 1-200 mg; 25-175 mg; about 50-150 mg; about
25-100 mg; about 75-150 mg; about 100-175 mg; about 20-80 mg; about
25-50 mg; about 60-100 mg; about 80-100 mg; about 80-120 mg; about
100-120 mg; about 100-140 mg; about 120-160 mg; about 140-180 mg;
about 30-90 mg; about 40-80 mg; about 50-70 mg, about 55-65 mg,
about 60-62 mg, or any amount in a range bounded by, or between,
any of these values.
[0051] For some methods, the inclusion complex of meloxicam and
cyclodextrin such as a substituted-.beta.-cyclodextrin is delivered
orally (for example by tablet, capsule, elixir, or the like). Other
potential routes of administration include intravenous,
intramuscular, intranasal, lyophilized parenteral, subcutaneous,
transdermal, transmucosal, or through other parenteral means. The
meloxicam may also be delivered alone or non-complexed with
cyclodextrin.
[0052] Some dosage forms contain a bicarbonate (e.g., sodium
bicarbonate) in amount from about 1-2000 mg; about 1-1000 mg; about
100-1000 mg; about 200-800 mg; about 1-500 mg; about 1-200 mg;
about 1400 mg; about 50-750 mg; about 500-1000 mg; about 100-500
mg; about 100-300 mg; about 500-1000 mg; about 300-700 mg; about
400-600 mg; about 50-250 mg; about 250-750 mg; about 100-200 mg;
about 200-300 mg; about 300-400 mg; about 400-500 mg; about 410-510
mg; about 420-520 mg; about 430-530 mg; about 440-540 mg; about
450-550 mg; about 460-560 mg; about 470-570 mg; about 480-580 mg;
about 490-590 mg; about 500-600 mg; about 600-700 mg; about 700-800
mg; about 800-900 mg; about 150-650 mg; about 350-850 mg; or any
amount in a range bounded by, or between, any of these values.
[0053] Some dosage forms contain a carbonate in amount from about
1-1000 mg; about 1-500 mg; about 1-200 mg; about 1-100 mg; about
50-750 mg; about 500-1000 mg; about 100-500 mg; about 100-300 mg;
about 200-800 mg; about 500-1000 mg; about 300-700 mg; about
400-600 mg; about 50-250 mg; about 250-750 mg; about 100-200 mg;
about 200-300 mg; about 300-400 mg; about 400-500 mg; about 500-600
mg; about 600-700 mg; about 700-800 mg; about 800-900 mg; about
150-650 mg; about 350-850 mg; or any amount in a range bounded by,
or between, any of these values.
[0054] In some embodiments, the daily dose of meloxicam (e.g., an
oral dose, a parenteral dose, etc.) is about 2-5 mg, about 2-6 mg,
about 2-7 mg, about 2-8 mg, about 2-9 mg, about 2-10 mg, about 2-11
mg, about 2-12 mg, about 2-13 mg, about 2-14 mg, about 2-15 mg,
about 2-16 mg, about 2-17 mg, about 2-18 mg, about 2-19 mg, about
2-20 mg, about 2-21 mg, about 2-22 mg, about 2-23 mg, about 2-24
mg, about 2-25 mg, about 2-26 mg, about 2-27 mg, about 2-28 mg,
about 2-29 mg, about 2-30 mg, about 2-35 mg, about 2-40 mg, about
5-10 mg, about 10-15 mg, about 15-20 mg, about 20-25 mg, about
25-30 mg, about 30-35 mg, or any amount in a range bounded by any
of these values.
[0055] In some embodiments, the weekly dose of meloxicam (e.g., an
oral dose) is about 1-1000 mg; about 1-500 mg; about 10-250 mg;
about 100-300 mg; about 10-100 mg; about 10-150 mg; about 10-300
mg; about 20-150 mg; about 20-60 mg; about 30-70 mg; about 40-60
mg; about 50-70 mg; about 70-90 mg; about 90-110 mg; about 50 mg;
about 55 mg; about 100-150 mg; about 30-100 mg; or any amount in a
range bounded by, or between, any of these values. The weekly dose
may be given as a single dose, given once during the week, or may
be given in 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 individual doses during the
week.
[0056] In some embodiments, the monthly dose of meloxicam (e.g., an
oral dose), or a dose administered over a period of a month, is
about 5000 mg or less; about 4000 mg or less; about 3000 mg or
less; about 2000 mg or less; about 1000 mg or less; about 700 mg or
less; about 600 mg or less; about 1-4000 mg; about 14000 mg; about
10-1000 mg; about 50-1000 mg; about 10-600 mg; about 40-600 mg;
about 50-600 mg; about 40-400 mg; about 50-200 mg; about 200-240
mg; about 240-280 mg; about 280-320 mg; about 320-360 mg; about
360-400 mg; about 400-450 mg; about 450-500 mg; about 500-600 mg;
about 250-350 mg; about 100-600 mg; about 40-2000 mg; about 40-800
mg; about 100-900 mg; about 100-800 mg; about 40-1000 mg; about
50-1000 mg; about 100-1000 mg; or any monthly dose in a range
bounded by, or between, any of these values. A monthly dose may be
given as a single dose, or as two or more individual doses
administered during the month. In some embodiments, the monthly
dose is administered in 2 or 3 bi-weekly doses. In some
embodiments, the monthly dose is administered in 4 or 5 weekly
doses. In some embodiments, the monthly dose is administered in 28
to 31 daily doses, or in 56 to 62 daily doses or more. In some
embodiments, the monthly dose is administered in 5 to 15 individual
doses during the month. The monthly dose may be administered for
only 1 month, or may be repeatedly administered for 2 or more
months.
[0057] In other embodiments, the dosage form may be administered
weekly for about one, two, three, four, or more consecutive weeks,
every other week or bi-weekly, or once every three weeks. This
regimen may be repeated once weekly, twice in a month, three times
in a month, once monthly, once every two months, once every three
months, or as directed by a medical professional.
[0058] In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition
results in increased bioavailability (e.g., reduced T.sub.max,
increased C.sub.max, increased AUC, etc.) of the meloxicam from the
dosage form as compared to a dosage form containing meloxicam but
not containing a cyclodextrin, an acid inhibitor, or a buffering
agent (such as a bicarbonate). In some embodiments, the
bioavailability of meloxicam will increase with multiple dosing.
For example, the bioavailability of meloxicam in the dosage form
may increase after about 1-10 days of dosing; about 2-6 days of
dosing; about 3-5 days of dosing; about 4-6 days of dosing; about
5-8 days of dosing; about 5 days of dosing; about 6 days of dosing;
about 7 days of dosing; about 8 days of dosing; about 10 days of
dosing; about 15 days of dosing; or time in any range bounded by,
or between, any of these values; as compared to the bioavailability
of meloxicam in a dosage form not containing a cyclodextrin, an
acid inhibitor, or a buffering agent (such as a bicarbonate).
[0059] Some of the dosage forms may result in a desired range for
an area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) of meloxicam.
For example the dosage with meloxicam may result in an AUC of
meloxicam of about 1-150 .mu.ghr/mL; about 10-30 .mu.ghr/mL; about
20-40 .mu.ghr/mL; about 30-50 .mu.ghr/mL; about 40-60 .mu.ghr/mL;
about 50-70 .mu.ghr/mL; about 60-80 .mu.ghr/mL; about 70-90
.mu.ghr/mL; about 80-100 .mu.ghr/mL; about 10-100 .mu.ghr/mL; about
50-150 .mu.ghr/mL; about 25-125 .mu.ghr/mL; about 75-150
.mu.ghr/mL; about 20-50 .mu.ghr/mL; about 40-70 .mu.ghr/mL; about
60-90 .mu.ghr/mL; about 80-110 .mu.ghr/mL; about 100-130
.mu.ghr/mL; about 120-150 .mu.ghr/mL; or any AUC in a range bounded
by, or between, any of these values.
[0060] Unless otherwise indicated, the AUC refers to the AUC
calculated to the last measured concentration (AUC.sub.0-t), over a
period of 24 hours (AUC.sub.0-24), or extrapolated to infinity
(AUC.sub.0-inf).
[0061] For some acute pain conditions, such as migraine and other
types of headache, the AUC for a short period after oral
administration, such as an AUC measured over 6 hours (or
AUC.sub.0-6), may be of particular interest. For example, some
dosage forms may result in an AUC.sub.0-6 of at least about 6
.mu.ghr/mL; at least about 7 .mu.ghr/mL; at least about 8
.mu.ghr/mL; at least about 9 .mu.ghr/mL; about 6-10 .mu.ghr/mL;
about 7-11 .mu.ghr/mL; about 8-12 .mu.ghr/mL; about 9-13
.mu.ghr/mL; or any AUC in a range bounded by, or between, any of
these values.
[0062] In some embodiments, the dosage form may result in a
C.sub.max of meloxicam of about 10-2500 ng/mL; about 100-2250
ng/mL; about 500-2000 ng/mL; about 1000-2500 ng/mL; about 1000-2000
ng/mL; about 100-900 ng/mL; about 750-1500 ng/mL; about 1250-2000
ng/mL; about 1500-2300 ng/mL; about 800-1200 ng/mL; about 1900-2400
ng/mL; about 50-500 ng/mL; about 400-950 ng/mL; about 900-1500
ng/mL; about 1100-2200 ng/mL; about 1300-1600 ng/mL; about
1200-1500 ng/mL; about 1400-2100 ng/mL; about 1500-1900 ng/mL;
about 1600-2100 ng/mL; about 1700-2000 ng/mL; about 1800-2000
ng/mL; about 1900-2500 ng/mL; about 150-1700 ng/mL; about 1600-1800
ng/mL; about 1700-1900 ng/mL; about 1800-2000 ng/mL; about
1900-2100 ng/mL; about 2000-2200 ng/mL; about 2100-2300 ng/mL;
about 2200-2400 ng/mL; about 2300-2500 ng/mL; about 2500-3000
ng/mL; or any C.sub.max in a range bounded by, or between, any of
these values.
[0063] For example, a method described herein may reduce the
T.sub.max of meloxicam. In some embodiments, the method may include
treating a patient to achieve the T.sub.max of meloxicam in the
patient within about 10 minutes; about 20 minutes; about 30
minutes; about 40 minutes; about 50 minutes; about 60 minutes;
about 70 minutes; about 80 minutes; about 90 minutes; about 100
minutes; about 110 minutes; about 120 minutes; about 180 minutes;
about 1-10 hr; about 2-9 hr; about 3-7 hr; about 4-6 hr; about 1-5
hr; about 2-7 hr; about 3-8 hr; about 4-9 hr; about 1-4 hr; about
2-5 hr; about 3-6 hr; about 4-7 hr; about 5-8 hr; about 6-9 hr;
about 7-10 hr; after administration or any T.sub.max in a range
bounded by, or between, any of these values.
[0064] In some embodiments, an oral dosage form may have a
T.sub.max of meloxicam that is shorter than would be achieved by
administering meloxicam by intramuscular injection. In some
embodiments, an oral dosage form may have a T.sub.max of meloxicam
that is shorter, or may increase meloxicam plasma levels at a
faster rate, by a factor of at least about 1.5, about 2, about 3,
about 4, about 5, about 6, about 7, about 8, about 9, about 10,
about 12, about 15, about 20, or by a factor of about 1.5-1000,
about 2-100, about 3-100, about 4-100, about 5-100, about 6-100,
about 7-100, about 8-100, about 9-100, about 10-100, about 12-100,
about 15-100, about 20-100, or by a factor in a range bounded by
any of these values.
[0065] In some embodiments, a dosage form comprising meloxicam may
result in a plasma concentration of meloxicam at 12 hours that is
about 0.01-0.5 .mu.g/mL; about 0.5-0.7 .mu.g/mL; about 0.6-0.8
.mu.g/mL; about 0.7-0.9 .mu.g/mL; about 0.8-1 .mu.g/mL; about
0.9-1.1 .mu.g/mL; about 1-1.2 .mu.g/mL; about 1.1-1.3 .mu.g/mL;
about 1.2-1.4 .mu.g/mL; about 1.3-1.5 .mu.g/mL; about 1.4-1.6
.mu.g/mL; about 1.5-1.7 .mu.g/mL; about 1.6-1.8 .mu.g/mL; about
1.7-1.9 .mu.g/mL; about 1.8-2 .mu.g/mL; about 1.9-2.1 .mu.g/mL;
about 2-2.2 .mu.g/mL; about 2.1-2.3 .mu.g/mL; about 2.2-2.4
.mu.g/mL; about 2.3-2.5 .mu.g/mL; about 2.4-2.6 .mu.g/mL; about
2.5-2.7 .mu.g/mL; about 2.6-2.8 .mu.g/mL; about 2.7-2.9 .mu.g/mL;
about 2.8-3 .mu.g/mL; about 2.9-3.1 .mu.g/mL; about 3-3.2 .mu.g/mL;
about 3.1-3.3 .mu.g/mL; about 3.2-3.4 .mu.g/mL; about 3.3-3.5
.mu.g/mL; about 3.4-3.6 .mu.g/mL; about 3.5-3.7 .mu.g/mL; about
3.6-3.8 .mu.g/mL; about 3.7-3.9 .mu.g/mL; about 3.8-4 .mu.g/mL; or
any plasma concentration in a range bounded by, or between, any of
these values.
[0066] In some embodiments, meloxicam is administered at a dose
that results in a meloxicam plasma level (such as a C.sub.ave, or
average plasma level) of about 0.01-0.5 .mu.g/mL; about 0.5-0.7
.mu.g/mL; about 0.6-0.8 .mu.g/mL; about 0.7-0.9 .mu.g/mL; about
0.8-1 .mu.g/mL; about 0.9-1.1 .mu.g/mL; about 1-1.2 .mu.g/mL; about
1.1-1.3 .mu.g/mL; about 1.2-1.4 .mu.g/mL; about 1.3-1.5 .mu.g/mL;
about 1.4-1.6 .mu.g/mL; about 1.5-1.7 .mu.g/mL; about 1.6-1.8
.mu.g/mL; about 1.7-1.9 .mu.g/mL; about 1.8-2 .mu.g/mL; about
1.9-2.1 .mu.g/mL; about 2-2.2 .mu.g/mL; about 2.1-2.3 .mu.g/mL;
about 2.2-2.4 .mu.g/mL; about 2.3-2.5 .mu.g/mL; about 2.4-2.6
.mu.g/mL; about 2.5-2.7 .mu.g/mL; about 2.6-2.8 .mu.g/mL; about
2.7-2.9 .mu.g/mL; about 2.8-3 .mu.g/mL; about 2.9-3.1 .mu.g/mL;
about 3-3.2 .mu.g/mL; about 3.1-3.3 .mu.g/mL; about 3.2-3.4
.mu.g/mL; about 3.3-3.5 .mu.g/mL; about 3.4-3.6 .mu.g/mL; about
3.5-3.7 .mu.g/mL; about 3.6-3.8 .mu.g/mL; about 3.7-3.9 .mu.g/mL;
about 3.8-4 .mu.g/mL; about 0.1-20 .mu.g/mL; about 0.5-15 .mu.g/mL;
about 0.5-10 .mu.g/mL; about 5-15 .mu.g/mL; about 10-20 .mu.g/mL;
about 7.5-15 .mu.g/mL; about 2-10 .mu.g/mL; about 1-8 .mu.g/mL;
about 1-6 .mu.g/mL; about 1-2 .mu.g/mL; about 0.5-3.5 .mu.g/mL;
about 0.5-7 .mu.g/mL; about 12-20 .mu.g/mL; about 8-12 .mu.g/mL;
about 1-4 .mu.g/mL; about 4-7 .mu.g/mL; about 7-11 .mu.g/mL; about
11-15 .mu.g/mL; about 15-19 .mu.g/mL; about 16-20 .mu.g/mL; or any
amount of meloxicam plasma level in a range bounded by, or between,
any of these values.
[0067] One embodiment is a method for reducing the risk of
gastrointestinal side effects in people taking NSAIDs for pain
relief and for other conditions, particularly during chronic
treatment, and improving the bioavailability of the NSAID. In one
embodiment, the method involves the administration of a product
that combines: a) an agent that actively raises intragastric pH;
and b) an NSAID that is formulated with a cyclodextrin. In another
embodiment, the method involves the administration of a product
that combines: a) an agent that actively raises intragastric pH; b)
an NSAID that is formulated with a cyclodextrin; and c) a buffering
agent. Either short or long acting acid inhibitors can be
effectively used in the dosage forms. This method has the added
benefit of being able to protect patients from other
gastrointestinal ulcerogens whose effect may otherwise be enhanced
by the disruption of gastroprotective prostaglandins due to NSAID
therapy.
[0068] The meloxicam formulation in an aqueous parenteral form may
include a buffer to adjust the pH of an aqueous formulation, within
a range of about 2 to about 5; about 3.5 to about 5; about 5 to
about 11; about 6 to about 9; about 6 to about 8; about 6 to about
7; or any other pH in a range bounded by, or between, any of these
values. The meloxicam formulation in an oral form may include a
buffer to adjust the pH of stomach fluid within a range of about 2
to about 5; about 3.5 to about 5; about 5 to about 11; about 6 to
about 9; about 6 to about 8; about 6 to about 7; or any other pH in
a range bounded by, or between, any of these values. Examples of
buffers suitable for use herein include sulfate buffers, phosphate
buffers, borate buffers, carbonate buffers, citrate buffers,
etc.
[0069] In some embodiments, the dosage form may be formulated for
oral administration, for example, with an inert diluent or with an
edible carrier, or it may be enclosed in hard or soft shell gelatin
capsules, compressed into tablets, or incorporated directly with
the food of the diet. For oral therapeutic administration, the
active compound may be incorporated with an excipient and used in
the form of ingestible tablets, buccal tablets, coated tablets,
troches, capsules, elixirs, dispersions, suspensions, solutions,
syrups, wafers, patches, and the like.
[0070] Tablets, troches, pills, capsules and the like may also
contain one or more of the following: a binder such as gum
tragacanth, acacia, corn starch or gelatin; an excipient, such as
dicalcium phosphate; a disintegrating agent such as corn starch,
potato starch, alginic acid and the like; a lubricant such as
magnesium stearate; a sweetening agent such as sucrose, lactose or
saccharin; or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, oil of
wintergreen or cherry flavoring. When the unit dosage form is a
capsule, it may contain, in addition to materials of the above
type, a liquid carrier. Various other materials may be present as
coating, for instance, tablets, pills, or capsules may be coated
with shellac, sugar or both. A syrup or elixir may contain the
active compound, sucrose as a sweetening agent, methyl and
propylparabens as preservatives, a dye and flavoring, such as
cherry or orange flavor. It may be desirable for material in a
dosage form or pharmaceutical composition to be pharmaceutically
pure and substantially non-toxic in the amounts employed.
[0071] Some compositions or dosage forms may be a liquid, or may
comprise a solid phase dispersed in a liquid.
[0072] The dosage form may further comprise a second
therapeutically active agent, such as an acid inhibitor or an
analgesic.
[0073] In some embodiments, the dosage form may further comprise an
acid inhibitor present in an amount effective to raise the gastric
pH of a patient to at least 2, to at least 2.5, to at least 3, to
at least 3.5, to at least 4, and more to at least 5, when one or
more unit dosage forms are administered. The term "acid inhibitor"
refers to agents that inhibit gastric acid secretion and increase
gastric pH. Specific H.sub.2 blockers, also referred to as H.sub.2
antagonists or histamine H.sub.2 blockers or antagonists, that may
be used include but are not limited to cimetidine, ranitidine,
ebrotidine, pabutidine, lafutidine, loxtidine, famotidine, or
combinations thereof.
[0074] Other agents that may be effectively used as acid inhibitors
are the proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole, esomeprazole,
pantoprazole, lansoprazole, dexlansoprazole, rabeprazole,
pariprazole, leminoprazole and tenatoprazole. In some embodiments
the daily dose of the acid inhibitor is about 1-200 mg, about 1-100
mg, about 1-50 mg, about 40-80 mg, about 5-50 mg, about 20-40 mg,
about 10-50 mg, about 10-20 mg, about 20-40 mg, about 15-50 mg,
about 30-60 mg, about 10 mg, about 20 mg, about 30 mg, about 40 mg
or any other amount in a range bounded by, or between, any of these
values.
[0075] Examples of particular proton pump inhibitors include
esomeprazole, present in unit dosage forms in an amount of between
5 mg and 50 mg; omeprazole, present in unit dosage forms in an
amount of between 5 mg and 50 mg; lansoprazole, present in unit
dosage forms in an amount of between 5 mg and 150 mg (and
preferably at between 5 mg and 30 mg); and pantoprazole, present in
unit dosage forms in an amount of between 10 mg and 200 mg. In some
embodiments, the proton pump inhibitor is present in the dosage
form in an amount of about 10-30 mg, about 20-40 mg, about 30-50
mg, about 40-60 mg, about 50-70 mg, about 60-80 mg, about 70-90 mg,
or about 80-100 mg. Recently, a newer class of acid inhibitor has
been developed which competes with potassium at the acid pump. The
compounds in this class have been referred to as "reversible proton
pump inhibitors" or "acid pump antagonists" and may also be used.
Examples include AZD-0865, AR-H047108, CS-526, pumaprazole,
revaprazan and soraprazan (see WO9605177 and WO9605199). Other
compounds in this group are H-335/25 (AstraZeneca, Dialog file 128,
accession number 020806); Sch-28080 (Schering Plough, Dialog file
128, accession number 009663); Sch-32651 (Schering Plough, Dialog
file 128, accession number 006883) and SK&F-96067 (CAS Registry
no. 115607-61-9).
[0076] The second therapeutically active agent may include an
analgesic such as a second non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an
opioid, a steroid, a triptan, etc. In some embodiments, the dosage
form or treatment also further comprises administering a second
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in an amount effective to
reduce or eliminate pain or inflammation. The NSAID may include,
but is not limited to, celecoxib, rofecoxib, lumiracoxib,
valdecoxib, parecoxib, etoricoxib, CS-502, JTE-522, L-745,337,
NS398, aspirin, acetaminophen (considered to be an NSAID for the
purposes of the present disclosure), ibuprofen, flurbiprofen,
ketoprofen, naproxen, oxaprozin, etodolac, indomethacin, ketorolac,
lornoxicam, meloxicam, piroxicam, droxicam, tenoxicam, nabumetone,
diclofenac, meclofenamate, mefenamic acid, diflunisal, sulindac,
tolmetin, fenoprofen, suprofen, benoxaprofen, aceclofenac,
tolfenamic acid, oxyphenbutazone, azapropazone, phenylbutazone, or
combinations thereof. It will be understood that, for the purposes
of the present disclosure, reference to an acid inhibitor, NSAID,
or analgesic agent will include all of the common forms of these
compounds and, in particular, their pharmaceutically acceptable
salts. The amounts of NSAIDs which are therapeutically effective
may be lower in the current embodiments than otherwise found in
practice due to potential positive kinetic interaction and NSAID
absorption in the presence of an acid inhibitor, and or in the
presence of a buffering agent.
[0077] In other embodiments, the dosage form or treatment may
further comprise administering an opioid in an amount effective to
reduce or eliminate pain or inflammation. The opioid may include,
but is not limited to, (dextro)propoxyphene, A-methylfentanyl,
alfentanil, allylprodine, bezitramide, buprenorphine, butorphanol,
carfentanyl, desmethylprodine, dextromoramide, dezocine,
diacetylmorphine, dihydrocodeinone, dihydroetorphine, dimorphone,
diphenoxylate, dipipanone, etorphine, fentanyl, ketobemidone,
lefetamine, levacetylmethadol, levomethorphan, levorphanol,
loperamide, meperidine, meptazinol, methadone, methylmorphine,
morphine, nalbuphine, nalmefene, naloxone, naltrexone,
nicomorphine, ohmefentanyl, oripavine, oxycodone, oxymorphone,
PEPAP, paramorphine, pentazocine, phenazocine, piritramide,
prodine, remifentanil, sufentanil, tapentadol, tilidine, tramadol,
or combinations thereof.
[0078] Useful triptans may include sumatriptan, rizatriptan,
naratriptan, eletriptan, donitriptan, almotriptan, frovatriptan,
alvitriptan, zolmatriptan, etc. In some embodiments, the triptan
comprises rizatriptan. In some embodiments, the dosage form may
contain about 1-5 mg, about 2-6 mg, about 3-7 mg, about 4-8 mg,
about 5-10 mg, about 6-11 mg, about 7-12 mg, about 8-13 mg, about
9-14 mg, about 10-15 mg, about 15-20 mg, or about 20-30 mg, of the
triptan, such as rizatriptan, or any amount in a range bounded by
any of these values.
[0079] A pharmaceutical composition may be in the form of a tablet
or capsule that has: (a) the acid inhibitor; and/or (b) a buffering
agent; and (c) the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
present in an amount effective to reduce or eliminate pain or
inflammation in a patient upon administration of one or more of
said unit dosage forms. The components of the pharmaceutical
composition may be in an immediate or extended release form
individually or in total.
[0080] The term "unit dosage form" as used herein refers to a
single entity for drug administration. For example, a single tablet
or capsule combining both an acid inhibitor and an NSAID would be a
unit dosage form. A "unit dosage form" (or "unit dose form") may
also be referred to as a "fixed dosage form" (or "fixed dose form")
or "fixed dosage combination" (or "fixed dose combination") and are
otherwise interchangeable. In one embodiment, the unit dosage form
is a multilayer tablet.
[0081] In another embodiment, the unit dosage form is suitable for
oral administration to a patient. In yet another embodiment, the
unit dosage form is a tablet. In still another embodiment, the unit
dosage form is a multilayer tablet comprising a single core and one
or more layers outside of the core.
[0082] Some dosage forms may comprise a first layer comprising
meloxicam, an SBE.beta.CD, and a bicarbonate; and a second layer
comprising a second therapeutically active agent and a
bicarbonate.
[0083] The first layer may contain, for example, any amount of
meloxicam in one of the ranges recited above. For example, all of
the meloxicam in the dosage form may be present in the first layer.
The second layer may contain all of the second therapeutically
active agent, such that any amount in the ranges recited above with
respect to the second therapeutically active agent may apply to the
second layer.
[0084] In some embodiments, the first layer contains about 10-200
mg, about 50-150 mg, about 50-100 mg, about 70-120 mg, about 90-140
mg, or about 100 mg of the bicarbonate, such as sodium bicarbonate,
or any amount of the bicarbonate in a range bounded by any of these
values.
[0085] In some embodiments, the second layer contains about 100-500
mg, about 200-500 mg, about 300-500 mg, about 350-450 mg, about
380-420 mg, or about 400 mg of the bicarbonate, such as sodium
bicarbonate, or any amount of the bicarbonate in a range bounded by
any of these values.
[0086] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may have
an effective amount of meloxicam, a cyclodextrin, and a carbonate
or bicarbonate to increase bioavailability of meloxicam. In other
embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may have an effective
amount of meloxicam, sulfobutylether-.beta.-cyclodextrin
(SBE.beta.CD), and sodium bicarbonate to increase bioavailability
of meloxicam or reduce the T.sub.max of meloxicam.
[0087] Some oral dosage forms may have enteric coatings or film
coatings. In some embodiments, a dosage form may comprise a tablet
or a capsule having an enteric coating. In some embodiments, a
dosage form may comprise a tablet or a capsule having a film
coating.
[0088] An embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to a
pharmaceutical composition in unit dosage form suitable for
administration to a patient, comprising:
[0089] (a) esomeprazole, which may or may not be surrounded by an
enteric coating;
[0090] (b) sodium or potassium bicarbonate and/or sodium or
potassium carbonate; and
[0091] (c) meloxicam, which may or may not be formulated with a
cyclodextrin, and which may or may not be surrounded by an enteric
coating
[0092] In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition
results in faster release or dissolution of the meloxicam from the
dosage form as compared to a dosage form containing meloxicam but
not containing the acid inhibitor, or not containing the buffering
agent.
[0093] The following embodiments are contemplated:
Embodiment 1
[0094] An inclusion complex of meloxicam in a cyclodextrin.
Embodiment 2
[0095] A dosage form comprising: 1) the inclusion complex of
embodiment 1, or 2) meloxicam and a carbonate or a bicarbonate.
Embodiment 3
[0096] The dosage form of embodiment 2 comprising the inclusion
complex, wherein the cyclodextrin comprises substituted
.beta.-cyclodextrin.
Embodiment 4
[0097] The dosage form of embodiment 3, wherein the substituted
.beta.-cyclodextrin is a sulfobutyl ether .beta.-cyclodextrin
(SBE.beta.CD) or hydroxypropyl .beta.-cyclodextrin (HPBCD).
Embodiment 5
[0098] The dosage form of embodiment 4, wherein the cyclodextrin is
the SBE.beta.CD.
Embodiment 6
[0099] The dosage form of embodiment 5, wherein the SBE.beta.CD has
about 6 to about 7 sulfobutyl ether groups for each molecule of
.beta.-cyclodextrin.
Embodiment 7
[0100] The dosage form of embodiment 6, wherein the meloxicam and
the SBE.beta.CD have a molar ratio of about 0.8 to about 1.2.
Embodiment 8
[0101] The dosage form of embodiment 6, wherein the meloxicam and
the SBE.beta.CD have a molar ratio of about 1.
Embodiment 9
[0102] The dosage form of embodiment 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8,
comprising a bicarbonate.
Embodiment 10
[0103] The dosage form of embodiment 9, wherein the bicarbonate
comprises sodium bicarbonate.
Embodiment 11
[0104] The dosage form of embodiment 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10,
which is an oral dosage form.
Embodiment 12
[0105] The dosage form of embodiment 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, or 11,
wherein about 50 mg to about 200 mg of SBE.beta.CD is present in
the dosage form.
Embodiment 13
[0106] The dosage form of embodiment 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, or 12, wherein the carbonate or bicarbonate is present in an
amount in a range of about 400 mg to about 600 mg.
Embodiment 14
[0107] The dosage form of embodiment 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, or 13, wherein the T.sub.max of meloxicam is decreased as
compared to a dosage form not having a carbonate, a bicarbonate, or
a cyclodextrin.
Embodiment 15
[0108] The method of embodiment 14, wherein the T.sub.max of
meloxicam is achieved in the patient at a time in a range of about
10 minutes to about 180 minutes after administration.
Embodiment 16
[0109] The dosage form of embodiment 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, or 15, having an oral bioavailability of meloxicam
that is higher than a dosage form not having a carbonate, a
bicarbonate, or a cyclodextrin.
Embodiment 17
[0110] The dosage form of embodiment 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20, further comprising an
acid inhibitor.
Embodiment 18
[0111] The dosage form of embodiment 17, wherein the acid inhibitor
is a proton pump inhibitor.
Embodiment 19
[0112] The dosage form of embodiment 18, wherein the proton pump
inhibitor is esomeprazole.
Embodiment 20
[0113] The dosage form of embodiment 19, wherein about 30 mg to
about 50 mg of esomeprazole is present in the dosage form.
Embodiment 21
[0114] A method of administering meloxicam orally, comprising
orally administering a dosage form of embodiment 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 to a patient in
need of treatment.
Embodiment 22
[0115] The method of embodiment 21, wherein the dosage form is
administered to treat pain.
Embodiment 23
[0116] The method of embodiment 21, wherein the dosage form is
administered to treat inflammatory pain.
Embodiment 24
[0117] The method of embodiment 21, wherein the dosage form is
administered to treat osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Embodiment 25
[0118] A method of administering meloxicam intravenously,
comprising intravenously administering a dosage form of embodiment
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, or 15, to a patient in need
of treatment.
Example 1
[0119] The effect of varying amounts of potassium carbonate
(K.sub.2CO.sub.3) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO.sub.3) on the pH of
acidic media was tested. The acidic media was chosen to simulate
gastric conditions. K.sub.2CO.sub.3 or NaHCO.sub.3 was added to 50
mL of a 0.01 N HCl solution (pH 2). The pH of the solution was
measured after addition of the K.sub.2CO.sub.3 or NaHCO3. Deionized
water (240 mL) was then added to the mixture and pH was measured
again. The results are shown in Tables 1-4.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Results with K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (0.01N HCl)
K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (mg) pH 25 2.84 35 6.29 45 8.05 50 8.29 100 9.43
200 10.14 300 10.39 400 10.55 450 10.58
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Results with K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (0.01N HCl +
Water) K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (mg) pH 200 10.27 300 10.46 400 10.57 450
10.63
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Results with NaHCO.sub.3 (0.01N HCl)
NaHCO.sub.3 (mg) pH 200 5.28 300 5.90 400 6.44 450 6.86 500 8.23
750 8.30 1000 8.36
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Results with NaHCO.sub.3 (0.01N HCl + Water)
NaHCO.sub.3 (mg) pH 200 5.41 300 5.89 400 6.11 450 6.46 500 8.33
750 8.54 1000 8.60
Example 2
[0120] Tablets containing meloxicam and combinations of
cyclodextrin, K.sub.2CO3, or NaHCO.sub.3 were manufactured and
tested for dissolution. Tablets containing meloxicam alone
(MOBIC.RTM.) were purchased and also tested for dissolution. The
tested tablets are listed in Table 5. Meloxicam in the form of
meloxicam/cyclodextrin inclusion complexes was used in the tablets
containing meloxicam and cyclodextrin. The inclusion complexes were
formed by mixing meloxicam and cyclodextrin in an aqueous
pH-adjusted solution. The pH of the solution was adjusted using
buffering agents. The resulting soluble meloxicam/cyclodextrin
inclusion complexes were then spray dried. This spray-dried
dispersion was used in the manufacture of the tablets containing
cyclodextrin.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Tablets Tablet A 15 mg meloxicam + 25 mg
K.sub.2CO3 Tablet B 15 mg meloxicam + 50 mg K.sub.2CO3 Tablet C 15
mg meloxicam + 100 mg K.sub.2CO3 Tablet D 15 mg meloxicam + 150 mg
K.sub.2CO3 Tablet E 15 mg meloxicam + 500 mg NaHCO3 Tablet F 15 mg
meloxicam + 100 mg SBE.beta.CD Tablet G 15 mg meloxicam + 100 mg
SBE.beta.CD + 25 mg K.sub.2CO3 Tablet H 15 mg meloxicam + 100 mg
SBE.beta.CD + 50 mg K.sub.2CO3 Tablet I 15 mg meloxicam + 100 mg
SBE.beta.CD + 100 mg K.sub.2CO3 Tablet J 15 mg meloxicam + 100 mg
SBE.beta.CD + 150 mg K.sub.2CO3 Tablet K 15 mg meloxicam + 100 mg
SBE.beta.CD + 500 mg NaHCO3 Tablet L 15 mg meloxicam (MOBIC
.RTM.)
[0121] Dissolution testing in acidic medium (chosen to simulate
gastric conditions) was performed by placing the tablets in a 0.01
N HCl solution, at an agitation rate of 75 RPM, and vessel
temperature of approximately 37.degree. C. The results are
presented in Tables 6 and in FIGS. 1-10. Results at various time
points (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes) are presented as
percent (%) of meloxicam dissolved.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Dissolution Results 0 15 30 45 60 90 120
mins mins mins mins mins mins mins Tablet A 0% 23% 17% 15% 13% 12%
11% Tablet B 0% 27% 20% 17% 16% 17% 15% Tablet C 0% 31% 26% 25% 24%
23% 21% Tablet D 0% 30% 26% 25% 24% 23% 22% Tablet E 0% 50% 66% 77%
84% 92% 95% Tablet F 0% 26% 17% 14% 12% 11% 10% Tablet G 0% 48% 39%
26% 20% 16% 14% Tablet H 0% 44% 30% 22% 17% 16% 13% Tablet I 0% 32%
33% 27% 21% 16% 15% Tablet J 0% 26% 27% 19% 15% 12% 11% Tablet K 0%
85% 86% 86% 86% 86% 86% Tablet L 0% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%
[0122] Dissolution of meloxicam was greater with the tablets
containing various combinations of meloxicam and cyclodextrin,
K.sub.2CO.sub.3, or NaHCO.sub.3, as compared to tablets containing
meloxicam alone. For example, after 120 minutes, dissolution of
meloxicam tablets containing NaHCO.sub.3 was 95% as compared to 2%
for tablets containing meloxicam alone.
[0123] Dissolution of meloxicam increasing with increasing amounts
of K.sub.2CO.sub.3 in the absence of cyclodextrin. However, in the
presence of cyclodextrin, increasing amounts of K.sub.2CO.sub.3 did
not appear to increase meloxicam dissolution. At the highest dose
of potassium bicarbonate tested, meloxicam dissolution in the
presence of cyclodextrin was reduced by approximately 50% as
compared to meloxicam dissolution in the absence of cyclodextrin at
120 minutes.
[0124] Dissolution of meloxicam with NaHCO.sub.3 was significantly
greater than that observed with the highest dose of K.sub.2CO.sub.3
at 15 minutes (50% versus 30%), and at 120 minutes (92% versus
23%). Meloxicam dissolution in the presence of cyclodextrin was
also significantly greater with NaHCO.sub.3 as compared to the
highest dose of K.sub.2CO.sub.3 at 15 minutes (85% versus 26%), and
at 120 minutes (86% versus 12%). NaHCO.sub.3 in the presence of
cyclodextrin increased meloxicam dissolution at 15 minutes as
compared to potassium bicarbonate which resulted in a reduction in
dissolution.
Example 3
[0125] A bilayer tablet containing 1) an inclusion complex of
SBE.beta.CD with meloxicam, and 2) sodium bicarbonate was prepared
(SBE.beta.CD-Meloxicann/Bicarbonate). The first layer contained an
inclusion complex of 15 mg meloxicam and 100 mg SBE.beta.CD, and
100 mg of sodium bicarbonate. The second layer contained 40 mg of
esomeprazole and 400 mg of sodium bicarbonate.
[0126] A total of 20 human subjects were randomly assigned in a 1:1
ratio to treatment with the SBE.beta.CD-Meloxicann/Bicarbonate
tablets described above or Mobic.RTM. tablets (15 mg meloxicam),
once daily for 6 days under fasting conditions.
[0127] On the first day of dosing, plasma samples were collected
for concentration analysis of meloxicam at several time points.
Concentrations of meloxicam were determined using LC-MS/MS.
Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The results are
depicted in FIG. 11.
[0128] The median T.sub.max for meloxicam, the trial's primary
endpoint, was 9 times faster for the
SBE.beta.CD-Meloxicann/Bicarbonate tablets as compared to
Mobic.RTM. (0.5 hour versus 4.5 hours respectively,
p<0.0001).
[0129] The SBE.beta.CD-Meloxicann/Bicarbonate tablets also
demonstrated higher mean maximum plasma concentration (C.sub.max)
(p=0.0018), faster time to therapeutic plasma concentration
(p<0.0001), and faster time to half-maximal plasma concentration
(p<0.0001) as compared to Mobic.RTM..
[0130] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing
quantities of ingredients, properties such as molecular weight,
reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and
claims are to be understood in all instances as indicating both the
exact values as shown and as being modified by the term "about."
Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical
parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are
approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties
sought to be obtained. At the very least, and not as an attempt to
limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope
of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be
construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and
by applying ordinary rounding techniques.
[0131] The terms "a," "an," "the" and similar referents used in the
context of describing the invention (especially in the context of
the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the
singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or
clearly contradicted by context. All methods described herein can
be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated
herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any
and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., "such as") provided
herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and
does not pose a limitation on the scope of any claim. No language
in the specification should be construed as indicating any
non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention.
[0132] Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments disclosed
herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member
may be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination
with other members of the group or other elements found herein. It
is anticipated that one or more members of a group may be included
in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or
patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the
specification is deemed to contain the group as modified thus
fulfilling the written description of all Markush groups used in
the appended claims.
[0133] Certain embodiments are described herein, including the best
mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Of
course, variations on these described embodiments will become
apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the
foregoing description. The inventor expects skilled artisans to
employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for
the invention to be practiced otherwise than specifically described
herein. Accordingly, the claims include all modifications and
equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims as
permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the
above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is
contemplated unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly
contradicted by context.
[0134] In closing, it is to be understood that the embodiments
disclosed herein are illustrative of the principles of the claims.
Other modifications that may be employed are within the scope of
the claims. Thus, by way of example, but not of limitation,
alternative embodiments may be utilized in accordance with the
teachings herein. Accordingly, the claims are not limited to
embodiments precisely as shown and described.
* * * * *