U.S. patent application number 15/842563 was filed with the patent office on 2018-07-12 for thermoelectric-based air conditioning system.
The applicant listed for this patent is Gentherm Incorporated. Invention is credited to Lakhi Nandlal Goenka.
Application Number | 20180195777 15/842563 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37081833 |
Filed Date | 2018-07-12 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180195777 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Goenka; Lakhi Nandlal |
July 12, 2018 |
THERMOELECTRIC-BASED AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
Abstract
Disclosed is a heating, ventilation and air conditioning system
for a vehicle that operates in a heating mode, a cooling mode or a
demisting mode. In some embodiments, the system includes a first
circuit having first pump for circulating a first medium therein, a
second circuit having a second pump for circulating a second medium
therein and a thermoelectric module having a first surface in
thermal contact with the first medium and a second surface in
thermal contact with the second medium.
Inventors: |
Goenka; Lakhi Nandlal; (Ann
Arbor, MI) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Gentherm Incorporated |
Northville |
MI |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
37081833 |
Appl. No.: |
15/842563 |
Filed: |
December 14, 2017 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
14576986 |
Dec 19, 2014 |
9863672 |
|
|
15842563 |
|
|
|
|
13852821 |
Mar 28, 2013 |
8915091 |
|
|
14576986 |
|
|
|
|
12825272 |
Jun 28, 2010 |
8408012 |
|
|
13852821 |
|
|
|
|
11101871 |
Apr 8, 2005 |
7743614 |
|
|
12825272 |
|
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B23P 15/26 20130101;
B60H 2001/2275 20130101; F25B 2321/0252 20130101; B60H 1/2221
20130101; F25B 27/02 20130101; Y02A 30/274 20180101; Y10T 29/49002
20150115; F25B 21/04 20130101; B60H 1/00478 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F25B 21/04 20060101
F25B021/04; B23P 15/26 20060101 B23P015/26; B60H 1/00 20060101
B60H001/00 |
Claims
1-29. (canceled)
30. A heating, ventilating, and air conditioning system for a
vehicle, the system comprising: a first circuit configured to
circulate a first medium therein, the first circuit in thermal
communication with a heat generating system of a vehicle; a first
heat exchanger in thermal communication with the first medium; a
thermoelectric module separate from the heat generating system, the
thermoelectric module comprising a first heat transfer surface and
a second heat transfer surface, the first heat transfer surface in
thermal communication with the first heat exchanger; a second
circuit configured to circulate a second medium therein; a second
heat exchanger in thermal communication with the second medium, the
second heat exchanger in thermal communication with the second heat
transfer surface of the thermoelectric module; a third heat
exchanger disposed in an air flow directed to a passenger
compartment of the vehicle, the third heat exchanger in thermal
communication with the second circuit; and a bypass line in fluid
communication with the first circuit, the bypass line configured to
direct the first medium therethrough to prevent at least a portion
of the first medium from being in thermal communication with the
first heat transfer surface of the thermoelectric module, wherein
in a heating mode, the thermoelectric module is configured to
transfer heat from the first heat transfer surface to the second
heat transfer surface to transfer heat from the first medium to the
second medium via the first and second heat exchangers,
respectively, for the third heat exchanger to warm the air flow
directed to the passenger compartment of the vehicle, and wherein
in the heating mode, the first medium is not directed through the
bypass line.
31. The system of claim 30, wherein in a cooling mode, the
thermoelectric module is configured to transfer heat from the
second heat transfer surface to the first heat transfer surface to
transfer heat from the second medium to the first medium via the
second and first heat exchangers, respectively, for the third heat
exchanger to cool the air flow directed to the passenger
compartment of the vehicle.
32. The system of claim 31, wherein in the cooling mode, the first
medium is directed through the bypass line.
33. The system of claim 30, wherein the heating mode includes
transferring heat from the first heat transfer surface to the
second heat transfer surface to transfer heat from the first medium
to the second medium via the first and second heat exchangers with
the heat generating system warming up.
34. The system of claim 30, wherein further comprising a first
valve configured to direct the first medium through one of the
bypass line or the heat generating system.
35. The system of claim 30, further comprising a first pump
configured to circulate the first medium in the first circuit and a
second pump configured to circulate the second medium in the second
circuit, and wherein the first medium comprises a liquid.
36. The system of claim 30, wherein the first medium comprises a
liquid.
37. The system of claim 30, wherein the heat generating system
comprises at least one of a battery or an electronic device.
38. The system of claim 30, further comprising a fourth heat
exchanger disposed in the air flow, the fourth heat exchanger in
thermal communication with the first circuit.
39. The system of claim 38, wherein the third heat exchanger is
disposed in the air flow downstream of the fourth heat exchanger
with respect to a direction of movement of the air flow.
40. The system of claim 30, further comprising an other bypass line
configured to direct at least a portion of the first medium through
the other bypass line away from being in thermal communication with
at least a portion of the first circuit.
41. A heating, ventilating, and air conditioning system comprising:
a first circuit configured to direct a first medium therethrough,
the first circuit in thermal communication with a heat generating
system comprising at least one of a battery or an electronic
device; a first heat exchanger in thermal communication with the
first medium; a heat pumping device separate from the heat
generating system, the heat pumping device comprising a first side
and a second side, the first side in thermal communication the
first heat exchanger; and a second heat exchanger in thermal
communication with second side of the heat pumping device, the
second heat exchanger in thermal communication with an area,
wherein in a heating mode, the first side of the heat pumping
device is configured to transfer thermal energy from the first
medium to the second side of the heat pumping device to warm the
area.
42. The system of claim 41, further comprising a second circuit
configured to convey a second medium therein, the second circuit
providing via the second medium the thermal communication between
the second side of the heat pumping device and the second heat
exchanger.
43. The system of claim 41, further comprising a bypass line in
fluid communication with the first circuit, the bypass line
configured to direct the first medium therethrough to prevent at
least a portion of the first medium from being directed through at
least a portion of the first circuit.
44. The system of claim 43, wherein the bypass line is configured
to direct the first medium therethrough to prevent the at least a
portion of the first medium from being in thermal communication
with the first side of the heat pumping device.
45. The system of claim 41, further comprising a third heat
exchanger disposed in the area and selectively in thermal
communication with the heat generating system, the third heat
exchanger configured to selectively warm the area.
46. The system of claim 41, wherein the heat pumping device
comprises a thermoelectric module.
47. A method for heating, ventilating, and air conditioning an
area, the method comprising: circulating a first medium through a
first circuit, the first circuit in thermal communication with a
heat generating system comprising at least one of a battery or an
electronic device; transferring thermal energy between a first heat
exchanger and the first medium; transferring thermal energy between
a first side of a heat pumping device and a second side of the heat
pumping device, the first side in thermal communication with the
first heat exchanger, wherein the heat pumping device is separate
from the heat generating system; transferring thermal energy
between a second heat exchanger and an air flow, the second heat
exchanger in thermal communication with the second side of the heat
pumping device; and directing energy to the heat pumping device in
a heating mode so that the first side of the heat pumping device
cools the first medium through the first heat exchanger and the
second side of the heat pumping device warms the air flow through
the second heat exchanger.
48. The method of claim 47, further comprising circulating a second
medium through a second circuit, the second circuit providing the
thermal communication between the second side of the heat pumping
device and the second heat exchanger.
49. The method of claim 47, further comprising directing at least a
portion of the first medium through a bypass line in fluid
communication with the first circuit to prevent the at least a
portion of the first medium from being in thermal communication
with the first side of the heat pumping device.
50. The method of claim 47, further comprising transferring thermal
energy between a third heat exchanger disposed in the air flow and
the heat generating system to heat the air flow.
51. The method of claim 47, wherein the heat pumping device
comprises a thermoelectric module.
Description
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE TO ANY PRIORITY APPLICATIONS
[0001] Any and all applications for which a foreign or domestic
priority claim is identified in the Application Data Sheet as filed
with the present application are incorporated by reference under 37
CFR 1.57 and made a part of this specification.
BACKGROUND
Field
[0002] This disclosure generally relates to heating, ventilation
and air conditioning ("HVAC") systems for a vehicle, and more
particularly to HVAC systems having thermoelectric modules for
providing heating and cooling to a passenger compartment of the
vehicle.
Description of Related Art
[0003] In a conventional vehicle, such as an automobile, the
heating of the passenger compartment is accomplished by running
engine coolant, typically a mix of water and glycol, through a heat
exchanger and then blowing air through the heat exchanger and into
the passenger compartment. The drawback with this is that the heat
exchanger will not provide heat until the engine has caused the
coolant to warm up. In colder climates, the time to warm up the
coolant can be lengthy, thereby delaying warming of passengers of
the automobile.
[0004] Furthermore, newer engines and powertrain arrangements are
being developed where the engine does not produce as much excess
heat for the coolant to absorb. Some examples include direct
injection engines and hybrid powertrains. For these types of
engines and powertrains, the temperature of the coolant can take a
very long time to rise to a level that will allow for adequate
heating of the passenger compartment when using a conventional
heating system.
[0005] Therefore, it is desired to provide a HVAC system that
provides heat to the passenger compartment of the vehicle more
quickly than a conventional system.
BRIEF SUMMARY
[0006] In overcoming the drawbacks and limitations of the known
technologies, a system of heating and cooling the passenger
compartment of an automobile is disclosed. The heating and cooling
system includes a first circuit and a second circuit. The first
circuit includes a first pump for circulating a first medium
therethrough, a first heat exchanger and a third heat exchanger.
The second circuit includes a second pump for circulating a second
medium therethrough, a second heat exchanger and a fourth heat
exchanger. Additionally, the system includes a thermoelectric
module having a first surface in thermal contact with the first
heat exchanger and a second surface in thermal contact with the
second heat exchanger.
[0007] The system operates in a heating mode, a cooling mode and a
demisting mode. In the heating mode, an electrical current is
passed through the thermoelectric module so that the second side of
the thermoelectric module warms the second medium through the
second heat exchanger. An engine, which is operatively engaged with
the first circuit, warms the first medium. As the first and second
mediums are warmed, the first and second pumps circulate the
mediums through the third and fourth heat exchangers
respectively.
[0008] The third and fourth heat exchangers are located near a
blower. Generally, the third heat exchanger is located between the
blower and the fourth heat exchanger such that blower will move air
through the third heat exchanger before moving air through the
fourth heat exchanger. After the air passes through the third and
fourth heat exchangers, the air enters the passenger compartment of
the automobile.
[0009] In the cooling mode, an electrical current is passed through
the thermoelectric module so that the second side of the
thermoelectric module cools the second medium through the second
heat exchanger. The second pump circulates the cooler second medium
through the fourth heat exchanger. In this mode, the first medium
is directed through the second bypass line by the second double
switching valve. By utilizing the second bypass line, the heated
first medium is either reduced or not directed through the third
heat exchanger. The air passing through the third heat exchanger
will not be heated or will be heated by a reduced amount, while the
air passing through the fourth heat exchanger will be cooled.
[0010] In the demisting mode, the air provided by the blower is
first cooled before it is heated and/or passed to the passenger
compartment. By initially cooling the air, moisture can be removed
from the air via condensation. One way to accomplish this is
through the addition of another heat exchanger placed between the
blower and the third heat exchanger. Through the use of bypass
lines and double switching valves, the cooled second medium will be
directed to the heat exchanger placed between the blower and the
third heat exchanger. The air provided by the blower will first be
cooled by the heat exchanger placed between the blower and the
third heat exchanger before the air is heated by the third heat
exchanger. Alternatively, the third heat exchanger 32 may be split
into multiple portions, such that some portions may heat and other
portions may cool.
[0011] Another way of accomplishing demisting is through the
addition of multiple bypass lines and double switching valves. The
bypass lines and double switching valves will direct the first
medium to the fourth heat exchanger and will direct the second
medium to the third heat exchanger. By directing the cooler second
medium to the third heat exchanger and the warmer first medium to
the fourth heat exchanger, the air provided by the blower will
first be cooled by the third heat exchanger before it is warmed by
the fourth heat exchanger. Other alternative fluid paths and other
heat exchanger configurations may also be utilized.
[0012] These and other advantages, features and embodiments of the
invention will become apparent from the drawings, detailed
description and claims which follow.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an HVAC unit embodying the
principles of the present invention;
[0014] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of an HVAC
unit according to the principles of the present invention and
including a supplemental heating source and cooling source;
[0015] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a third embodiment of an HVAC
unit with according to the principles of the present invention and
including a demisting heat exchanger; and
[0016] FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a fourth embodiment of the HVAC
unit with bypass lines for transferring first and second mediums
between a third heat exchanger and a fourth heat exchanger.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] Referring to FIG. 1, the various components of a HVAC unit
10 are shown. The HVAC unit 10 includes a first circuit 12 having a
first pump 14, a second circuit 16 having a second pump 18, and a
thermoelectric module 20 having a first surface 22 and a second
surface 24 in thermal communication with the first and second
circuits 12, 16, respectively. The first pump 14 circulates a first
medium through the first circuit, and the second pump 18 circulates
a second medium through the second circuit 16.
[0018] In the context of this description, the term "pump" is used
in its broad sense of its ordinary and customary meaning and
further includes any conventional pump, J.times.B (J Cross B) pump,
electrostatic pump, centrifugal pump, positive displacement pump,
gear pump, peristaltic pump or any other medium moving device or
combination thereof that is known or later developed.
[0019] Generally, the first and second mediums are a liquid having
a mix of water and glycol. Alternatively, the first and/or second
mediums may be a fluid, gas or multipurpose solid-liquid convection
medium.
[0020] In the context of this description, the term "thermoelectric
module" is used in a broad sense of its ordinary and customary
meeting, which is (1) conventional thermoelectric modules, such as
those produced by Marlow Industries, Inc. of Dallas, Tex., (2)
quantum tunneling converters, (3) thermionic modules, (4) magneto
caloric modules, (5) elements utilizing one, or any bi-combination
of, thermoelectric, magneto caloric, quantum tunneling and
thermionic effects, (6) acoustic heating mechanisms, (7)
thermoelectric systems described is U.S. Pat. No. 6,539,725 to
Bell, (8) any other sold state heat pumping device (9) any
combination, array, assembly and other structure of (1) through (8)
above.
[0021] In thermal communication with a first heat exchanger 26 is
the first surface 22 of the thermoelectric module 20. The first
heat exchanger 26 is in turn in thermal communication with the
first medium of the first circuit 12. In thermal communication with
a second heat exchanger 28 is the second surface 24 of the
thermoelectric module 20. This second heat exchanger 28 is likewise
in thermal communication with the second medium of the second
circuit 16.
[0022] Preferably, an internal combustion engine 30 is operatively
engaged with the first circuit 12 such that the first medium is
circulated by the first pump 14 and is used to cool the engine 30.
Alternatively, the engine 30 can be any heat generating source that
is known or later developed.
[0023] Connected to the first circuit 12 is a third heat exchanger
32 and connected to the second circuit 16 is a fourth heat
exchanger 34, both of which are used to condition (heat or cool)
air to be provided to the passenger compartment. Accordingly,
proximate to the third and fourth heat exchangers 32, 34 is a
blower 36. As indicated by the arrow 38, the blower 36 moves air
through the third heat exchanger 32 and the fourth heat exchanger
34 before moving the air into the passenger compartment of an
automobile. The blower 36 may be a conventional blower, fan,
electrostatic blower, centrifugal blower or any air moving system
that is known or later developed.
[0024] Preferably, the first circuit 12 has a fifth heat exchanger
40, generally a radiator, for cooling the first medium within the
first circuit 12. Alternatively, the fifth heat exchanger 40 may be
a heat sink or any device that absorbs or rejects heat including
the traditional radiator, frame or other vehicle parts. A first
bypass line 42 and a first double switching valve 44 are connected
to the first circuit 12 such that the first double switching valve
44 can selectively direct the first medium through the first bypass
line 42 instead of the fifth heat exchanger 40. By circulating the
first medium through the first bypass line 42 instead of the fifth
heat exchanger 40, the first medium can be heated more quickly by
the engine 30 because the fifth heat exchanger 40 will not have an
opportunity to cool the first medium. This is beneficial when the
first medium is very cold.
[0025] In the context of this description, the term "double
switching valve" is used in its broad sense of its ordinary and
customary meaning and further includes any valve or medium
directing device or combination thereof that is known or later
developed.
[0026] The first circuit 12 may also have a second bypass line 46
and a second double switching valve 48. The second double switching
valve 48 can selectively direct the first medium through the second
bypass line 46 (during cooling mode operation) instead of through a
section of the first circuit 12 that includes the third heat
exchanger 32. By circulating the first medium through the second
bypass line 46, the first medium will be unable to transfer heat to
the third heat exchanger 32, and thus air provided by the blower 36
will not be heated by the third heat exchanger 32. Additionally,
the temperature of the first surface 22 of the thermoelectric
module 20 will not be affected by the first medium. This can be
advantageous when the HVAC unit 10 is cooling the passenger
compartment of the automobile.
[0027] The HVAC unit 10 operates in either a heating mode or a
cooling mode. In the heating mode, the direction of the current
flowing through the thermoelectric module 20 will be such that the
first surface 22 cools and the second surface 24 warms. The second
surface 24 will pass the heat through the second heat exchanger 28
and to the second medium. As the second medium is passed through
the fourth heat exchanger 34, the air provided by the blower 36 is
heated thereby. This augments any heating of the air by the third
heat exchanger 32.
[0028] As the engine 30 warms up, it heats the first medium that
will be circulated through the third heat exchange 32 and the first
heat exchanger 26. The heat of the first medium is passed through
the first heat exchanger 26 to first surface 22 of the
thermoelectric module 20. By warming the first surface 22 of the
thermoelectric module 20, the difference in temperature between the
first surface 22 and the second surface 24 will be minimized,
allowing the thermoelectric module 20 to operate more
efficiently.
[0029] In a cooling mode, the direction of the current flowing
through the thermoelectric module 20 will be such that the second
surface 24 of the thermoelectric module 20 cools and the first
surface 22 of the thermoelectric module 20 warms. The second
surface 24 will cool the second medium via the second heat
exchanger 28 and, as the cooled second medium is passed through the
fourth heat exchanger 34, the air, provided by the blower 36, is
cooled before entering the passenger compartment.
[0030] In this mode, the first medium is directed through the
second bypass line 46 by the second double switching valve 48. By
utilizing the second bypass line 46, the heated first medium is not
directed through the third heat exchanger 32 and subsequently the
first heat exchanger 26 and the first surface 22 of the
thermoelectric module 20. The temperature of the first surface 22
of the thermoelectric module 20 therefore not heated, remaining
closer in temperature to the second surface 24. As stated before,
by having a low temperature differential between the first surface
22 and a second surface 24 of the thermoelectric module 20, the
thermoelectric module will operate more efficiently. Additionally,
because the third heat exchanger 32 will not be heated by the first
medium, air passing through the third heat exchanger 32 will not be
heated.
[0031] Generally, the first circuit 12 will have a branch circuit
50 having its own pump 52, valve 54 and heat exchanger 56. The
branch or third circuit 50 is used to supplement the cooling of a
portion of the first medium and the first surface 22. For example,
when the valve 54 is configured to allow a portion of the first
medium to flow through the branch circuit 50, the heat exchanger 56
of the branch circuit will aid in the cooling of the first medium.
It is noted that during this such operation, valve 48 will also be
directing a portion of the first medium across bypass line 46. When
the valve 54 is configured to prevent the first medium from
circulating through the branch circuit 50, the heat exchanger 56
will not supplement the cooling of the first medium.
[0032] Referring now to FIG. 2, another HVAC unit 10' is shown.
This unit 10' is the same as that discussed previously, except, the
first circuit 12 includes a heat generating system 60 located
between the engine 30 and valve 48 and the third circuit 50
includes a cold generating system 61 located between the heat
exchanger 56 and the first heat exchanger 26. A bypass line 58 and
associated double switching valve 62 are also provided so that the
first medium may be bypassed around the heat generating system 60,
if desired. The heat generating system 60 may be one or more of any
system that generates, captures or releases heat, such as a
battery, an electronic device, an internal combustion engine, an
exhaust of a vehicle, a heat sink, a heat storage system such as a
phase change material, a positive temperature coefficient device or
any heat generating system that is known or later developed. The
third double switching valve 62 will direct the first medium
through either the third bypass line 58 or the heat generating
system 60. By circulating the first medium through the heat
generating system 60, the first medium can be heated more quickly
than by the engine 30 alone.
[0033] A bypass line 59 and associated double switching valve 63
are also provided so that the first medium may be bypassed around
the cold generating system 61, if desired. The cold generating
system 61 may be one or more of any system that generates, captures
or releases cold, such as a thermoelectric module, a heat sink, a
cold storage system such as a phase change material or any cold
generating system that is later developed. The double switching
valve 63 will direct the first medium through either the bypass
line 59 or the cold generating system 61. By circulating the first
medium through the cold generating system 61, the first medium can
be cooled more quickly than by the heat exchanger 56 alone.
[0034] Referring now to FIG. 3, another embodiment of a HVAC unit
10'' is shown. This unit 10'' is substantially the same as that
discussed above and shown in FIG. 1. However, a demisting heat
exchanger 64 is provided in the second circuit 16 as a bypass, via
double switching valve 66, around the fourth heat exchanger. Thus,
the demisting double switching valve 66 will selectively direct the
second medium through the demisting heat exchanger 64 instead of
the fourth heat exchanger 34. As indicated by the arrow 38, the
blower 36 will blow air first through the demisting heat exchanger
64. This initial cooling of the air removes moisture from the air
via condensation.
[0035] After the air is initially cooled, the air may be cooled or
heated by the third heat exchanger 32. The valves 67, 69 and 71
will direct the first medium through either first circuit 12, where
it is warmed by the engine 30, or through the third circuit 50,
where it is cooled by the heat exchanger 56, and then through the
third heat exchanger 32. Alternatively, the double switching valve
48 may prevent the first medium from traveling through the third
heat exchanger 32, thereby preventing any heating or cooling the
air by the third heat exchanger 32.
[0036] Referring now to FIG. 4, another embodiment of the HVAC unit
10''' is shown. The HVAC unit 10''' is substantially the same as
the discussed above and shown in FIG. 1. However, a fourth bypass
line 68 and a fifth bypass line 70 circulate the second medium to
the third heat exchanger 32 and a sixth bypass line 76 and a
seventh bypass line 78 circulate the first medium to the fourth
heat exchanger 34.
[0037] A fourth double switching valve 72 will direct the second
medium from the second circuit 16, through the fourth bypass line
68, and to the third heat exchanger 32. A fifth double switching
valve 74 will direct the second medium from the third heat
exchanger 32, through the fifth bypass line 70, and to the second
circuit 16.
[0038] A sixth double switching valve 80 will direct the first
medium from the first circuit 12, through the sixth bypass line 76,
and to the fourth heat exchanger 34. A seventh double switching
valve 82 will direct the first medium from the fourth heat
exchanger 34, through the seventh bypass line 78, and to the first
circuit 12.
[0039] By directing the cooler second medium and warmer first
medium through the third heat exchanger 32 and the fourth heat
exchanger 34 respectively, the third heat exchanger 32 will cool
air blown by the blower 36 before the air is heated by the fourth
heat exchanger 34. The initial cooling of the air removes moisture
from the air via condensation.
[0040] Additionally, an eighth double switching valve 84 may be
connected to the second bypass line 46 and the first circuit 12.
The eighth double switching valve 84 will direct the first medium
through either the second bypass line 46 or the first heat
exchanger 26. By circulating the first medium through the second
bypass line 46, the first heat exchanger 26 will not be in thermal
communication with the warmer first medium. This can be
advantageous when the HVAC unit 10 is in the cooling mode. The heat
contained within the first medium will be unable to transfer heat
to the first surface 22 of the thermoelectric module 20. By
minimizing the temperature differential between the first surface
22 and the second surface 24 of the thermoelectric module 20, the
thermoelectric module 20 will operate more efficiently.
[0041] As a person skilled in the art will readily appreciate, the
above description is meant as an illustration of implementation of
the principles of this invention. This description is not intended
to limit the scope or application of this invention in that the
invention is susceptible to modification, variation and change,
without departing from spirit of this invention, as defined in the
following claims.
* * * * *