U.S. patent application number 15/838679 was filed with the patent office on 2018-06-21 for oral care compositions.
This patent application is currently assigned to Colgate-Palmolive Company. The applicant listed for this patent is Colgate-Palmolive Company. Invention is credited to Robert DICOSIMO, Sharon HAYNIE, Guofeng XU, Shaotang Yuan.
Application Number | 20180168993 15/838679 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 60888696 |
Filed Date | 2018-06-21 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180168993 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Yuan; Shaotang ; et
al. |
June 21, 2018 |
Oral Care Compositions
Abstract
Described herein are oral care compositions, comprising a
peroxydone complex, a dispersant, and a polyvinylpyrrolidone
copolymer structure-building agent.
Inventors: |
Yuan; Shaotang; (East
Brunswick, NJ) ; XU; Guofeng; (Plainsboro, NJ)
; DICOSIMO; Robert; (Chadds Ford, PA) ; HAYNIE;
Sharon; (Philadelphia, PA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Colgate-Palmolive Company |
New York |
NY |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Colgate-Palmolive Company
New York
NY
|
Family ID: |
60888696 |
Appl. No.: |
15/838679 |
Filed: |
December 12, 2017 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
62436816 |
Dec 20, 2016 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/86 20130101; A61K
8/375 20130101; A61K 8/37 20130101; A61K 8/22 20130101; A61Q 11/00
20130101; A61K 8/8182 20130101; A61K 8/8176 20130101; A61K 2800/48
20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/81 20060101
A61K008/81; A61Q 11/00 20060101 A61Q011/00; A61K 8/86 20060101
A61K008/86; A61K 8/37 20060101 A61K008/37 |
Claims
1. An oral care composition, comprising: from about 0.01% to about
60% of peroxydone complex, based on a total weight of the oral care
composition; from about 0.01% to about 990% of a non-aqueous
dispersant, based on the total weight of the oral care composition,
and from about 0.01% to about 60% of a polyvinylpyrrolidone
copolymer structure-building agent, based on the total weight of
the oral care composition, wherein the non-aqueous dispersant
comprises a non-aqueous liquid, and the oral care composition
includes from about 1% to about 70% of the non-aqueous liquid,
based on the total weight of the oral care composition.
2. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the peroxydone
complex includes a crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone complexed with
hydrogen peroxide (PVP-H.sub.2O.sub.2).
3. The oral care composition of claim 2, wherein the
polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer is a polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl
acetate copolymer.
4. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the dispersant
comprises a liquid poloxamer or a paste poloxamer.
5. The oral care composition of claim 4, wherein the liquid
poloxamer comprises polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene glycol.
6. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the non-aqueous
liquid comprises one or more of the group consisting of glycerin
monoacetate, triacetin, diethylene glycol diacetate, ethylene
glycol diacetate, and propylene glycol diacetate (PGDA).
7. The oral care composition of claim 6, wherein the non-aqueous
liquid comprises triacetin, and wherein the oral care composition
comprises at least 0.01% triacetin, based on the total weight of
the oral care composition.
8. The oral care composition of claim 6, wherein the non-aqueous
liquid comprises PGDA and wherein the oral care composition
comprises at least 0.01% PGDA, based on the total weight of the
oral care composition.
9. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the oral care
composition comprises an equal or greater amount of non-aqueous
liquid to polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer structure-building agent,
such that a mass ratio of the non-aqueous liquid to the
polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer structure-building agent is 50:50 or
greater.
10. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein a mass ratio of
the non-aqueous liquid to the polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer
structure-building agent is from about 90 to 50 non-aqueous liquid
to about 10 to 50 polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer structure-building
agent.
11. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the non-aqueous
liquid has a log P value of from about -2.0 to about 2.0
12. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein a viscosity of
the oral care composition is from about 50,000 to about 500,000
cPs.
13. The oral care composition of claim 1, further comprising at
least one ingredient from the group consisting of: a whitening
agent, a surfactant, an antioxidant, a flavoring, a sweetener, a pH
modifiers, an abrasive, an anticalculus agent, a source of fluoride
ions, a stannous ion source, a colorant, a dye, and a pigment.
14. The oral care composition of claim 13, wherein the at least one
ingredient is orally acceptable.
15. The oral care composition of claim 13, wherein the oral care
composition is a dentifrice.
16. A non-aqueous oral care composition, comprising: from about
0.01% to about 60% of peroxydone complex, based on a total weight
of the oral care composition; from about 0.01% to about 60% of a
amphiphilic copolymer structure-building agent, based on the total
weight of the oral care composition; and from about 0.01% to about
99% of a non-aqueous liquid dispersant, based on the total weight
of the oral care composition.
17. The non-aqueous oral care composition of claim 16, wherein the
amphiphilic copolymer is a polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate
copolymer.
18. The non-aqueous oral care composition of claim 16, wherein the
non-aqueous liquid comprises one or more of the group consisting of
glycerin monoacetate, triacetin, diethylene glycol diacetate,
ethylene glycol diacetate, and propylene glycol diacetate
(PGDA).
19. The non-aqueous oral care composition of claim 18, wherein the
non-aqueous liquid comprises triacetin.
20. The non-aqueous oral care composition of claim 18, wherein the
non-aqueous liquid comprises PGDA.
Description
BACKGROUND
[0001] Generally, structure-building agents, also referred to as
gelling agents, thickening agents, or thickeners, are used in oral
care composition to increase a viscosity of the oral care
composition and to provide a structure to hold other ingredients of
the oral care composition, such as whitening agents, in a
homogenous state or in a chemically and/or physically stable
environment.
[0002] Structure-building agents may be hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
Hydrophilic gelling agents, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP),
Carbopol, etc., are used to provide a homogenous structure for
aqueous products, while hydrophobic gelling agents, such as plastic
gels, are used for products containing large amount of a
hydrophobic oil, e.g., mineral oil. However, conventional
structure-building agents, such as PVP, Carbopol, plastic gels,
etc., are not able to provide a fully homogenous structure to oral
care compositions when the oral care composition includes
significant amounts of non-aqueous dispersants.
[0003] Oral care products with teeth whitening attributes also use
a variety of active ingredients to remove stains or whiten teeth.
The most commonly used whitening active ingredients are peroxides,
such as hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide can bleach the teeth,
remove stains, and kill bacteria. However, peroxides may be highly
reactive, and consequently may be difficult to formulate. Moreover,
hydrogen peroxide can spontaneously decompose to form oxygen gas
(O.sub.2) and water, so that on storage, oral care compositions
using hydrogen peroxide may bloat, burst or leak, and the remaining
formulation may not have enough peroxide remaining to clean and
whiten teeth effectively. Some formulations initially comprise very
high levels of peroxide, which decomposes over time, so that the
exact amount of peroxide delivered on application is variable and
largely depends on how long and under what conditions the
dentifrice has been stored.
[0004] Accordingly, there is a desire for structure-building agents
that can provide a stable and homogeneous structure to oral care
compositions that include non-aqueous liquids as dispersants and
hydrogen peroxide whitening agents.
BRIEF SUMMARY
[0005] This section is intended merely to introduce a simplified
summary of some aspects of one or more embodiments of the present
disclosure. Further areas of applicability of the present invention
will become apparent from the detailed description provided
hereinafter. This summary is not an extensive overview, nor is it
intended to identify key or critical elements of the present
teachings, nor to delineate the scope of the disclosure. Rather,
its purpose is merely to present one or more concepts in simplified
form as a prelude to the detailed description below.
[0006] The foregoing and/or other aspects and utilities embodied in
the present disclosure may be achieved by providing an oral care
composition, including from about 0.01% to about 60% of peroxydone
complex, based on a total weight of the oral care composition; from
about 0.01% to about 99% of a non-aqueous dispersant, based on the
total weight of the oral care composition, and from about 0.01% to
about 60% of a polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer structure-building
agent, based on the total weight of the oral care composition,
wherein the non-aqueous dispersant includes a non-aqueous liquid,
and the oral care composition includes from about 1% to about 70%
of the non-aqueous liquid, based on the total weight of the oral
care composition.
[0007] In another embodiment, the peroxydone complex includes a
crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone complexed with hydrogen peroxide
(PVP-H.sub.2O.sub.2).
[0008] In another embodiment, the polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer is
a polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate copolymer.
[0009] In another embodiment, the dispersant includes a liquid
poloxamer or a paste poloxamer.
[0010] In another embodiment, the liquid poloxamer includes
polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene glycol.
[0011] In another embodiment, the non-aqueous liquid includes one
or more of the group consisting of glycerin monoacetate, triacetin,
diethylene glycol diacetate, ethylene glycol diacetate, and
propylene glycol diacetate (PGDA).
[0012] In another embodiment, the non-aqueous liquid includes
triacetin, and wherein the oral care composition comprises at least
0.01% triacetin, based on the total weight of the oral care
composition.
[0013] In another embodiment, the non-aqueous liquid includes PGDA
and wherein the oral care composition comprises at least 0.01%
PGDA, based on the total weight of the oral care composition.
[0014] In another embodiment, the oral care composition includes an
equal or greater amount of non-aqueous liquid to
polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer structure-building agent, such that
a mass ratio of the non-aqueous liquid to the polyvinylpyrrolidone
copolymer structure-building agent is 50:50 or greater.
[0015] In another embodiment, a mass ratio of the non-aqueous
liquid to the polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer structure-building
agent is from about 90 to 50 non-aqueous liquid to about 10 to 50
polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer structure-building agent.
[0016] In another embodiment, the non-aqueous liquid has a log P
value of from about -2.0 to about 2.0
[0017] In another embodiment, a viscosity of the oral care
composition is from about 50,000 to about 500,000 cPs.
[0018] In another embodiment, the oral care composition further
includes at least one ingredient from the group consisting of: a
whitening agent, a surfactant, an antioxidant, a flavoring, a
sweetener, a pH modifiers, an abrasive, an anticalculus agent, a
source of fluoride ions, a stannous ion source, a colorant, a dye,
and a pigment.
[0019] In another embodiment, the at least one ingredient is orally
acceptable.
[0020] In another embodiment, the oral care composition is a
dentifrice.
[0021] The foregoing and/or other aspects and utilities embodied in
the present disclosure may be achieved by providing a non-aqueous
oral care composition, including from about 0.01% to about 60% of
peroxydone complex, based on a total weight of the oral care
composition; from about 0.01% to about 60% of a amphiphilic
copolymer structure-building agent, based on the total weight of
the oral care composition; and from about 0.01% to about 99% of a
non-aqueous liquid dispersant, based on the total weight of the
oral care composition.
[0022] In another embodiment, the amphiphilic copolymer is a
polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate copolymer.
[0023] In another embodiment, the non-aqueous liquid includes one
or more of the group consisting of glycerin monoacetate, triacetin,
diethylene glycol diacetate, ethylene glycol diacetate, and
propylene glycol diacetate (PGDA).
[0024] In another embodiment, the non-aqueous liquid includes
triacetin.
[0025] In another embodiment, the non-aqueous liquid includes
PGDA.
[0026] The foregoing and/or other aspects and utilities embodied in
the present disclosure may be achieved by providing an oral care
composition substantially as hereinbefore described, with reference
to the examples and excluding, if any, comparative examples.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] The embodiments are described below to provide a more
complete understanding of the components, processes, compositions,
and apparatuses disclosed herein. Any examples given are intended
to be illustrative, and not restrictive. However, it will be
apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the invention may
be practiced without these specific details. In other instances,
well-known methods, procedures, and components have not been
described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of
the embodiments.
[0028] Throughout the specification and claims, the following terms
take the meanings explicitly associated herein, unless the context
clearly dictates otherwise. The phrases "in some embodiments" and
"in an embodiment" as used herein do not necessarily refer to the
same embodiment(s), though they may. Furthermore, the phrases "in
another embodiment" and "in some other embodiments" as used herein
do not necessarily refer to a different embodiment, although they
may. As described below, various embodiments may be readily
combined, without departing from the scope or spirit of the present
disclosure.
[0029] As used herein, the term "or" is an inclusive operator, and
is equivalent to the term "and/or," unless the context clearly
dictates otherwise. The term "based on" is not exclusive and allows
for being based on additional factors not described, unless the
context clearly dictates otherwise. In the specification, the
recitation of "at least one of A, B, and C," includes embodiments
containing A, B, or C, multiple examples of A, B, or C, or
combinations of A/B, A/C, B/C, A/B/B/B/B/C, A/B/C, etc. In
addition, throughout the specification, the meaning of "a," "an,"
and "the" include plural references. The meaning of"in" includes
"in" and "on."
[0030] It will also be understood that, although the terms first,
second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these
elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only
used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first
object, component, or step could be termed a second object,
component, or step, and, similarly, a second object, component, or
step could be termed a first object, component, or step, without
departing from the scope of the invention. The first object,
component, or step, and the second object, component, or step, are
both, objects, component, or steps, respectively, but they are not
to be considered the same object, component, or step. It will be
further understood that the terms "includes," "including,"
"comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification,
specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations,
elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or
addition of one or more other features, steps, operations,
elements, components, and/or groups thereof. Further, as used
herein, the term "if" may be construed to mean "when" or "upon" or
"in response to determining" or "in response to detecting,"
depending on the context.
[0031] All physical properties that are defined hereinafter are
measured at 20.degree. to 25.degree. Celsius unless otherwise
specified.
[0032] When referring to any numerical range of values herein, such
ranges are understood to include each and every number and/or
fraction between the stated range minimum and maximum, as well as
the endpoints. For example, a range of 0.5-6% would expressly
include all intermediate values of, for example, 0.6%, 0.7%, and
0.9%, all the way up to and including 5.95%, 5.97%, and 5.99%,
among many others. The same applies to each other numerical
property and/or elemental range set forth herein, unless the
context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0033] Unless otherwise specified, all percentages and amounts
expressed herein and elsewhere in the specification should be
understood to refer to percentages by weight. The amounts given are
based on the active weight of the material.
[0034] Additionally, all numerical values are "about" or
"approximately" the indicated value, and take into account
experimental error and variations that would be expected by a
person having ordinary skill in the art. It should be appreciated
that all numerical values and ranges disclosed herein are
approximate valves and ranges, whether "about" is used in
conjunction therewith.
[0035] With regard to procedures, methods, techniques, and
workflows that are in accordance with some embodiments, some
operations in the procedures, methods, techniques, and workflows
disclosed herein may be combined and/or the order of some
operations may be changed.
[0036] The present inventors have surprisingly discovered a stable
oral care composition using novel structure-building agents with
hydrogen peroxide teeth whitening agents and one or more
non-aqueous liquids or dispersants.
[0037] In one embodiment, the oral care composition includes one or
more peroxide whitening agent. As used herein, a "whitening agent"
is a material which effects whitening of a tooth surface to which
it is applied. For example, in some embodiments, the whitening
agent is an oxidizing agent. In its broadest sense, "oxidizing
agent" is intended to include those compounds which can accept an
electron from another molecule in the environment of the oral
cavity without having a deleterious or unacceptably harmful effect
on the oral cavity in normal and accepted use.
[0038] In some embodiments, the whitening agent may include
peroxides and hydroperoxides, such as hydrogen peroxide, peroxides
of alkali and alkaline earth metals, organic peroxy compounds,
peroxy acids, salts thereof, and mixtures thereof. Peroxides of
alkali and alkaline earth metals include lithium peroxide,
potassium peroxide, sodium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, calcium
peroxide, barium peroxide, and mixtures thereof. Organic peroxy
compounds include urea peroxide, carbamide peroxide (also known as
urea hydrogen peroxide), glyceryl hydrogen peroxide, alkyl hydrogen
peroxides, dialkyl peroxides, alkyl peroxy acids, peroxy esters,
diacyl peroxides, benzoyl peroxide, and monoperoxyphthalate, and
mixtures thereof. Peroxy acids and their salts include organic
peroxy acids such as alkyl peroxy acids, and monoperoxyphthalate
and mixtures thereof, as well as inorganic peroxy acid salts such
as percarbonate, perphosphate, perborate and persilicate salts of
alkali and alkaline earth metals such as lithium, potassium,
sodium, magnesium, calcium and barium, and mixtures thereof.
[0039] In one embodiment, the whitening agent includes a peroxydone
complex. Also known as polyvinylpyrrolidone hydrogen peroxide
complexes (PVP-H.sub.2O.sub.2), peroxydone complexes are the powder
formed of hydrogen peroxide and a polymer. In these complexes,
hydrogen peroxide is stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidino polymer
via hydrogen bonds, and is released once the complex contacts
water.
[0040] In some embodiments, the peroxide may be provided as a
peroxydone complex. For example, in one embodiment, the whitening
agent may be a crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone complexed with
hydrogen peroxide (PVP-H.sub.2O.sub.2). PVP-H.sub.2O.sub.2 is
available commercially as Peroxydone XL 10F, 18% H.sub.2O.sub.2,
from Ashland Inc.
[0041] By exposure to aqueous environments, as in the oral cavity,
the PVP-H.sub.2O.sub.2 dissociates into individual species (PVP
polymer and H.sub.2O.sub.2). The PVP-H.sub.2O.sub.2 complex is
generally comprised of about 80% by weight polyvinylpyrrolidone
(PVP) and 20% by weight H.sub.2O.sub.2.
[0042] In some embodiments, the oral care composition includes from
about 0.01% to about 60% whitening agent based on a total weight of
the oral care composition. In other embodiments, the oral care
composition includes from about 0.1 weight % to about 30 weight %
whitening agent. In one embodiment, the oral care composition
includes about 0.55 weight % whitening agent based on a total
weight of the oral care composition. For example, in one
embodiment, the oral care composition includes from about 0.01% to
about 60% crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone complexed with hydrogen
peroxide (PVP-H.sub.2O.sub.2) based on a total weight of the oral
care composition. In other embodiments, the oral care composition
includes from about 0.1 weight % to about 30 weight %
PVP-H.sub.2O.sub.2, from about 0.2 weight % to about 10 weight %
PVP-H.sub.2O.sub.2, and from about 0.4 weight % to about 1 weight %
PVP-H.sub.2O.sub.2. In one embodiment, the oral care composition
includes about 0.55 weight % PVP-H.sub.2O.sub.2.
[0043] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the oral
care composition includes one or more dispersants. In one
embodiment, the whitening agent is initially in a powdered or solid
form and is dispersed by the dispersant to form the oral care
composition. In some embodiments, the dispersant is a non-aqueous
dispersant.
[0044] While peroxide whitening agents are somewhat unstable in
aqueous solutions at acidic pH, as revealed by the present
disclosure, peroxide whitening agents, such as PVP-H.sub.2O.sub.2,
are more stable in non-aqueous formulations. Accordingly, in some
embodiments, the dispersant is a non-aqueous liquid and serves to
stabilize the whitening agent in the oral care composition.
[0045] In other embodiments, the oral care composition is
non-aqueous, but the dispersant is sufficiently hydrophilic to
react in an aqueous environment, such as the oral cavity, to
release the whitening agent. The released whitening agent, such as
PVP-H.sub.2O.sub.2, will dissolve and activate in the aqueous
environment. In some embodiments, the non-aqueous oral care
composition is activated when exposed to water outside of the oral
cavity. In other embodiment, the oral care composition includes one
or more non-aqueous liquids.
[0046] In one embodiment, the oral care composition is non-aqueous,
such that the moisture range of the oral care composition is about
5 weight % or less.
[0047] In one embodiment, the oral care composition includes a
liquid or paste-like poloxamer, with average molecular weight less
than 7000 Dalton, as an non-aqueous dispersant. For example, the
dispersant may include one or more of Pluronic.RTM. L35,
Pluronic.RTM. L43, Pluronic.RTM. L64, Pluronic.RTM. L10,
Pluronic.RTM. L44, Pluronic.RTM. L62, Pluronic.RTM. 10R5,
Pluronic.RTM. 17R4, Pluronic.RTM.L25R4, Pluronic.RTM. P84,
Pluronic.RTM. P65, Pluronic.RTM. P104, and Pluronic.RTM. P105.
Pluronic.RTM. brand dispersants are commercially available from
BASF, Florham Park, N.J.
[0048] In one embodiment, the oral care composition includes from
about 0.01% to about 99% non-aqueous dispersant based on the total
weight of the oral care composition. In another embodiment, the
oral care composition includes from about 1 weight % to about 70
weight % non-aqueous dispersant. In yet another embodiment, the
oral care composition includes from about 5 weight % to about 50
weight % non-aqueous dispersant. For example, in one embodiment,
the oral care composition includes from about 0.01 weight % to
about 99 weight % L35, from about 1 weight % to about 70 weight %
L35, or from about 5 weight % to about 50 weight % L35.
[0049] In other embodiments, the oral care composition includes one
or more non-aqueous liquids as non-aqueous dispersants or liquid
carriers. In some embodiments, a structure-building agent is
combined with one or more non-aqueous liquids to create a gel to
support other components of the oral care composition. In some
embodiments, the non-aqueous liquid is a hydrophobic non-aqueous
liquid. As used herein, the term "non-aqueous" or "non-aqueous
liquid" refers to a substance, or mixture of substances, that has a
moisture content of 5% or less by weight.
[0050] For example, the oral care composition may include one or
more of glycerin monoacetate, triacetin, diethylene glycol
diacetate, ethylene glycol diacetate, and propylene glycol
diacetate (PGDA) as a non-aqueous liquid dispersant. Triacetin is
commercially available as Glyceryl triacetate, from Spectrum
Chemical MFG Corp. Propylene Glycol Diacetin (PGDA) is commercially
available from Sigma-Aldrich Corp.
##STR00001##
[0051] In one embodiment, the oral care composition includes from
about 0.01% to about 99% non-aqueous liquid(s) based on a total
weight of the oral care composition. In another embodiment, the
oral care composition includes from about 1 weight % to about 70
weight % non-aqueous liquid(s). In yet another embodiment, the oral
care composition includes from about 5 weight % to about 50 weight
% non-aqueous liquid(s). For example, in one embodiment, the oral
care composition includes from about 0.01 weight % to about 99
weight % triacetin, from about 1 weight % to about 70 weight %
triacetin, or from about 5 weight % to about 50 weight % triacetin.
In one example, the oral care composition includes about 26 weight
% triacetin based on the total weight of the oral care composition.
In other embodiments, the oral care composition includes from about
0.01 weight % to about 99 weight % PGDA, from about 1 weight % to
about 70 weight % PGDA, or from about 5 weight % to about 50 weight
% PGDA.
[0052] In some embodiment, the partition coefficient value (log P)
may be used to determine the amphiphilic characteristics of an
ingredient. For example, the partition coefficient value may be
used as a measure of lipophilicity. Large positive log P values
indicate a lipophilic or hydrophobic nature, whereas, large
negative log P value indicate a lipophobic or hydrophilic nature.
In some embodiments, the non-aqueous liquid has a log P value of
about -2 to about +2.
[0053] According to one embodiment, an oral care composition may
comprise a structure-building agent capable of holding other
ingredients of the oral care composition in a homogenous state or
in a chemically and/or physically stable environment. As used
herein, the term structural builder or structure-building agent
refers to a material that not only may thicken the oral care
composition, but may also maintain the oral care composition in a
homogenous state. However, conventional structure-building agents,
such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Carbopol, plastic gels, etc.,
are not able to provide a homogenous structure to oral care
compositions when the oral care composition includes significant
amounts of non-aqueous liquids or dispersants. Instead, when the
oral care composition containing conventional structure-building
agents is mixed into a gel with non-aqueous liquids, physical
separation of the gel normally occurs within a few hours after the
gel is made.
[0054] Accordingly, in some embodiments, the oral care composition
may also include one or more amphiphilic co-polymer
structure-building agents capable of creating a stable and
homogenous gel with non-aqueous liquids in the oral care
composition.
[0055] As used herein, an "amphiphilic co-polymer" refers to a
copolymer of two or more monomers, of which at least one is
hydrophilic in nature, such as vinyl pyrrolidone, and at least one
is hydrophobic in nature, such as vinyl acetate. In one embodiment,
amphiphilic co-polymers are able to interact with both hydrophilic
and hydrophobic liquids to help build structures with these liquids
or their mixture.
[0056] For example, the structure-building agent may include a
polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (PVP-VA) (e.g.,
commercially available as Plasdone S-630 from Ashland Inc.). The
molecular structure of PVP-VA may be represented as follows:
##STR00002##
[0057] In other embodiments, the structure-building agent may also
include polyvinyl pyrrolidone-co-polyvinyl butyrate copolymer
(PVP-VB), polyvinyl pyrrolidone-co-polyvinyl propionate copolymer,
or mixtures thereof.
[0058] In one embodiment, the oral care composition includes from
about 0.01% to about 99% non-aqueous liquid and from about 0.01% to
about 60% structure-building agent, based on the total weight of
the oral care composition. In another embodiment, the oral care
composition includes from about 1 weight % to about 70 weight %
non-aqueous liquid and from about 1 weight % to about 50 weight %
structure-building agent. In yet another embodiment, the oral care
composition includes from about 5 weight % to about 50 weight %
non-aqueous liquid and from about 5 weight % to about 40 weight %
structure-building agent. For example, in one embodiment, the oral
care composition includes from about 10 weight % to about 95 weight
% triacetin and from about 0.1 weight % to about 40 weight %
PVP-VA, or from about 20 weight % to about 80 weight % triacetin
and from about 1 weight % to about 30 weight % PVP-VA.
[0059] In other embodiments, the amount of non-aqueous liquid and
structure-building agent may be defined as a ratio. In one
embodiment, an oral care composition includes a mass ratio of
non-aqueous liquids to structure-building agent from about 1 to 99:
from about 99 to 1 (non-aqueous liquids:structure-building agent).
For example, the non-aqueous liquids:structure-building agent mass
ratio may be 90:10, 70:30, or 50:50. In some examples, the oral
care composition will include equal or greater amounts of the
non-aqueous liquid to the amount of structure-building agent. In
some embodiments, the oral care composition may have a 90:10
triacetin:PVP-VA mass ratio. In some embodiments, the oral care
composition may have a 70:30 triacetin:PVP-VA mass ratio, or a
60:40 triacetin:PVP-VA mass ratio. In some embodiments, the oral
care composition may have a 70:30 PGDA:PVP-VA mass ratio, or a
60:40 PGDA:PVP-VA mass ratio.
[0060] Generally, viscosity is an important parameter for oral care
compositions, such as toothpastes or whitening gels. For example,
when the viscosity of an oral care composition is too low, it may
become too runny and physical phase separation may take place. In
some cases, this will not only affect the aesthetics of the oral
care composition but also the homogeneity of the ingredients in the
oral care composition. On the other hand, if the viscosity of the
oral care compositions is too high, the oral care composition will
be difficult to manufacture and package. In addition, oral care
compositions with high viscosity are very difficult for users to
evacuate from commonly used packages, such as tubes or syringes. In
some embodiments, the gel formed of the structural-building agent
and the non-aqueous liquids helps determine the overall viscosity
of the oral care composition. Accordingly, it's important to select
ingredients for oral care compositions that achieve a desirable
range of viscosity to ensure product manufacturability, stability,
and quality, as well as consumer acceptance.
[0061] In some embodiments, the viscosity of the oral care
composition is from about 50,000 centipoise (cPs) to about 500,000
cPs at 25.degree. C. In other embodiments, the viscosity of the
oral care composition is from about 75,000 cPs to about 400,000 cPs
at 25.degree. C. In one embodiment, the viscosity of the oral care
composition is from about 125,000 cPs to about 300,000 cPs at
25.degree. C.
[0062] According to some embodiments, the structure-building agent
is capable of creating a stable and homogenous gel with the
non-aqueous liquids in an oral care composition. For example, a
homogenous and transparent or semi-transparent gel can be created
from combining an amphiphilic co-polymer structure-building agent,
such as PVP-VA, with a non-aqueous liquid dispersant, such as
triacetin, diacetin, propylene glycol diacetin, etc.
Additional Ingredients
[0063] In some embodiments, the oral care composition may include
additional ingredients common to oral care compositions, such as,
flavoring agents, tartar control agents, surfactants, sweeteners,
humectants, colorants, dyes, and pigments.
[0064] All ingredients used in the compositions described herein
should be orally acceptable. "Orally acceptable" means an
ingredient which is present in the composition as described in an
amount and form which does not render the composition unsafe,
unpalatable, or otherwise unsuitable for use in the oral cavity.
However, in some embodiment, the orally acceptable additional
ingredient must be selected in view of the requirement to maintain
a non-aqueous or a substantially non-aqueous oral care composition.
For example, in some embodiments the additional ingredients will
not affect the non-aqueous nature of the oral care composition.
[0065] In one embodiment, the oral care composition includes one or
more surfactants. In some embodiments, the surfactants enhance
stability of the composition, help clean the oral cavity surfaces
through detergency, and provide foam upon agitation, e.g., during
brushing with an oral care composition of the disclosure.
Surfactants or surface active agents generally achieve increased
whitening action by thoroughly dispersing the whitening agent
throughout the oral cavity. In various embodiments, suitable
surface active agents may function as a surface active agent,
emulsifier, and/or foam modulator.
[0066] Any orally acceptable surfactant, most of which are anionic,
nonionic, cationic, or amphoteric, can be used. A combination of
surfactants may also be used. Suitable anionic surfactants include
without limitation water-soluble salts of C.sub.8-20 alkyl
sulfates, sulfonated monoglycerides of C.sub.8-20 fatty acids,
sarcosinates, taurates and the like. Illustrative examples of these
and other classes include sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium cocoyl
monoglyceride sulfonate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium lauryl
isoethionate, sodium laureth carboxylate, and sodium dodecyl
benzenesulfonate. Suitable nonionic surfactants include without
limitation poloxamers, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, fatty
alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, tertiary amine
oxides, tertiary phosphine oxides, dialkyl sulfoxides and the like.
Suitable amphoteric surfactants include, without limitation,
derivatives of C.sub.8-20 aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines
having an anionic group such as carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate,
phosphate or phosphonate. A suitable example is cocoamidopropyl
betaine.
[0067] In some embodiments, the oral care composition includes from
about 0.01% to about 20.0% surfactant based on a total weight of
the oral care composition. In other embodiments, the oral care
composition includes from about 1.0 weight % to about 10.0 weight %
surfactant. In one embodiment, the oral care composition includes
about 2% surfactant based on a total weight of the oral care
composition. For example, the oral care composition may include
about 2 weight % sodium lauryl sulfate.
[0068] In some embodiments, the oral care composition may include
additional thickening agents. Any orally acceptable thickening
agent can be used, including without limitation carbomers, also
known as carboxyvinyl polymers, carrageenans, also known as Irish
moss and more particularly carrageenan (iota-carrageenan), high
molecular weight polyethylene glycols (such as CARBOWAX.TM.,
available from The Dow Chemical Company), cellulosic polymers such
as hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose ("CMC") and salts
thereof, e.g., CMC sodium, natural gums such as karaya, xanthan,
gum arabic and tragacanth, colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate,
and colloidal or fumed silica and mixtures of the same. The
thickening agent may be a combination of one or more orally
acceptable thickening agents.
[0069] In some embodiments, the oral care composition includes from
about 0.1% to about 90% thickening agent based on a total weight of
the oral care composition. In other embodiments, the oral care
composition includes from about 0.2 weight % to about 50 weight %
thickening agent. In yet another embodiment, the oral care
composition includes from about 0.5% to about 35% thickening agent
based on a total weight of the oral care composition. For example,
the oral care composition may include about 2.3 weight % fumed
silica.
[0070] In some embodiments, the oral care composition includes an
antioxidant. Acceptable antioxidants include BHA, BHT, vitamin A,
carotenoids, vitamin E, flavonoids, polyphenols, ascorbic acid,
herbal antioxidants, chlorophyll, melatonin and mixtures thereof.
In some embodiments, the oral care composition includes from about
0.001% to about 1% antioxidants based on a total weight of the oral
care composition. In one embodiment, the oral care composition
includes about 0.03% antioxidant by weight.
[0071] According to one embodiment, the oral care composition
includes one or more flavoring agent. Useful flavoring agents
include any material or mixture of materials operable to enhance
the taste of the oral care composition. Any orally acceptable
natural or synthetic flavoring agent can be used, such as flavoring
oils, flavoring aldehydes, esters, alcohols, similar materials, and
combinations thereof. Flavoring agents include vanillin, sage,
marjoram, parsley oil, spearmint oil, cinnamon oil, oil of
wintergreen (methylsalicylate), peppermint oil, clove oil, bay oil,
anise oil, eucalyptus oil, citrus oils, fruit oils and essences
including those derived from lemon, orange, lime, grapefruit,
apricot, banana, grape, apple, strawberry, cherry, pineapple, etc.,
bean- and nut-derived flavors such as coffee, cocoa, cola, peanut,
almond, etc., adsorbed and encapsulated flavorants, and mixtures
thereof. Also encompassed within flavoring agents herein are
ingredients that provide fragrance and/or other sensory effect in
the mouth, including cooling or warming effects. Such ingredients
include menthol, menthyl acetate, menthyl lactate, camphor,
eucalyptus oil, eucalyptol, anethole, eugenol, cassia, oxanone,
x-irisone, propenyl guaiethol, thymol, linalool, benzaldehyde,
cinnamaldehyde, N-ethyl-p-menthan-3-carboxamine,
N,2,3-trimethyl-2-isopropylbutanamide,
3-1-menthoxypropane-1,2-diol, cinnamaldehyde glycerol acetal (CGA),
methone glycerol acetal (MGA) and mixtures thereof.
[0072] In some embodiments, the oral care composition includes from
about 0.01% to about 5% flavoring agents based on a total weight of
the oral care composition. In another embodiment, the oral care
composition includes from about 0.05 weight % to about 2 weight %
flavoring agents. In yet another embodiment, the oral care
composition includes from about 0.1% to about 3%, from about 0.2%
to about 2.5%, or about 1.5% flavoring agents based on a total
weight of the oral care composition. For example, the oral care
composition may include about 1.5 weight % of dental cream
flavoring agent.
[0073] In some embodiments, the oral care composition may also
include one or more sweeteners. Sweeteners among those useful
herein include orally acceptable natural or artificial, nutritive
or non-nutritive sweeteners. Such sweeteners include dextrose,
polydextrose, sucrose, maltose, dextrin, dried invert sugar,
mannose, xylose, ribose, fructose, levulose, galactose, corn syrup
(including high fructose corn syrup and corn syrup solids),
partially hydrolyzed starch, hydrogenated starch hydrolysate,
sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, maltitol, isomalt, aspartame, neotame,
saccharin and salts thereof, sucralose, dipeptide-based intense
sweeteners, cyclamates, dihydrochalcones and mixtures thereof. Some
embodiments may include one or more sweeteners. In some
embodiments, the oral care composition includes from about 0.005%
to about 5% sweeteners based on a total weight of the oral care
composition. In other embodiments, the oral care composition
includes from about 0.01 weight % to about 1 weight % sweeteners.
For example, the oral care composition may include about 0.5 weight
% sodium saccharin and about 0.04 weight % sucralose.
[0074] In some embodiments, the oral care composition may also
include one or more pH modifying agents. PH modifying agents among
those useful herein include acidifying agents to lower pH,
basifying agents to raise pH and buffering agents to control pH
within a desired range. For example, one or more compounds selected
from acidifying, basifying and buffering agents can be included to
provide a pH of 2 to 10, or in various embodiments from about 2 to
about 8, from about 3 to about 9, from about 4 to about 8, from
about 5 to about 7, from about 6 to about 10, and from about 7 to
about 9. Any orally acceptable pH modifying agent can be used,
including without limitation carboxylic, phosphoric and sulfonic
acids, acid salts (e.g., monosodium citrate, disodium citrate,
monosodium malate, etc.), alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium
hydroxide, carbonates such as sodium carbonate, bicarbonates,
sesquicarbonates, borates, silicates, phosphates (e.g., monosodium
phosphate, trisodium phosphate, pyrophosphate salts, etc.),
imidazole and mixtures thereof. One or more pH modifying agents are
optionally present in a total amount effective to maintain the
composition in an orally acceptable pH range. In some embodiments,
the oral care composition includes from about 0.01% to about 10% pH
modifier agents based on a total weight of the oral care
composition. For example, the oral care composition may include
about 0.9 weight % sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) and about 2
weight % tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) as a pH modifier.
[0075] In some embodiments, the oral care composition may include
colorants. Colorants, such as dyes or pigments, may be food color
additives presently certified under the Food Drug & Cosmetic
Act for use in food and ingested drugs, including dyes such as
FD&C Red No. 3 (sodium salt of tetraiodofluorescein), Food Red
17, disodium salt of
6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulphophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulfoni-
c acid, Food Yellow 13, sodium salt of a mixture of the mono and
disulphonic acids of quinophthalone or 2-(2-quinolyl) indanedione,
FD&C Yellow No. 5 (sodium salt of
4-p-sulfophenylazo-1-p-sulfophenyl-5-hydroxypyrazole-3 carboxylic
acid), FD&C Yellow No. 6 (sodium salt of
p-sulfophenylazo-B-naphthol-6-monosulfonate), FD&C Green No. 3
(disodium salt of
4-{[4-(N-ethyl-p-sulfobenzylamino)-phenyl]-(4-hydroxy-2-sulfonium-
phenyl)-methylene}-[1-(N-ethyl-N-p-sulfobenzyl)-DELTA-3,5-cycl-ohexadienim-
ine], FD&C Blue No. 1 (disodium salt of
dibenzyldiethyl-diamino-triphenylcarbinol trisulfonic acid
anhydrite), FD&C Blue No. 2 (sodium salt of disulfonic acid of
indigotin) and mixtures thereof in various proportions. Typically,
colorants if included are present in very small quantities.
[0076] The oral compositions of the present disclosure may also
include one or more other active ingredients, which are operable
for the prevention or treatment of a condition or disorder of hard
or soft tissue of the oral cavity, the prevention or treatment of a
physiological disorder or condition, or to provide a cosmetic
benefit.
[0077] Some embodiments of the present disclosure include a dental
abrasive or combination of dental abrasive agents. As used herein,
the term "abrasive" or "abrasive agent" also includes materials
commonly referred to as "polishing agents." Any orally acceptable
abrasive can be used, but typically, type, fineness (particle size)
and amount of abrasive should be selected so that tooth enamel is
not excessively abraded in normal use of the composition. Suitable
abrasives include without limitation silica (in the form of silica
gel, hydrated silica or precipitated silica), alumina, insoluble
phosphates, calcium carbonate, resinous abrasives such as
urea-formaldehyde condensation products and the like.
[0078] Among insoluble phosphates useful as abrasives are
orthophosphates, polymetaphosphates and pyrophosphates.
Illustrative examples are dicalcium orthophosphate dihydrate,
calcium pyrophosphate, n-calcium pyrophosphate, tricalcium
phosphate, calcium polymetaphosphate and insoluble sodium
polymetaphosphate.
[0079] Average particle size of an abrasive, if present, is
generally from about 0.1 to about 100 .mu.m. For example, in one
embodiment, the particle size is from about 1 to about 80 .mu.m or
from about 5 to about 60 .mu.m. In some embodiments, one or more
abrasives are present in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 70%
by weight, based on the total weight of the oral care composition.
In other embodiments, the oral care composition includes from about
0.1 weight % to about 60 weight % abrasives. In some embodiments,
the abrasive is calcium pyrophosphate. In some embodiments, the
oral care composition includes from 0.01% to about 70% calcium
pyrophosphate based on a total weight of the oral care composition.
In another embodiment, the oral care composition includes about 20
weight % calcium pyrophosphate.
[0080] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the oral
care composition includes an anticalculus agent. Suitable
anticalculus agents include without limitation phosphates and
polyphosphates (for example pyrophosphates),
polyaminopropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), hexametaphosphate salts, zinc
citrate trihydrate, polypeptides, polyolefin sulfonates, polyolefin
phosphates, diphosphonates. In some embodiments, the anticalculus
agent is present in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 30%
weight based on the total weight of the oral care composition. In
some embodiments, the oral care composition includes a mixture of
anticalculus agents. In some embodiments, tetrasodium pyrophosphate
(TSPP) and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) are used as the
anticalculus agents. In some embodiments, the anticalculus agent
includes from 0.1% to 10 weight % TSPP, or about 2 weight %
TSPP.
[0081] Another component of the present compositions may be a
synthetic anionic polymeric polycarboxylate, which acts as a
stabilizer for the polyphosphate anti-tartar agent and which may
help to block access of painful or pain-causing materials, such as
sugars, to the tooth nerves.
[0082] In some embodiments, the oral care composition optionally
includes a source of fluoride ions. In some embodiments, the source
of fluoride ions is selected from: fluoride, monofluorophosphate
(MFP), and fluorosilicate salts. In some embodiments, one or more
fluoride ion-releasing compounds are optionally present in an
amount providing a total of 100 to 20,000 ppm, 200 to 5,000 ppm, or
500 to 2,500 ppm, fluoride ions. If present, in some embodiments,
the amount of fluoride source in the oral care composition ranges
from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight, based on the total weight
of the oral care composition, typically about 1.1 weight %. For
example, in one embodiment, the oral care composition may include
about 0.76 weight % MFP.
[0083] The compositions also may include a stannous ion or a
stannous ion source to mitigate calcium loss. Suitable stannous ion
sources include without limitation stannous fluoride, other
stannous halides such as stannous chloride dihydrate, stannous
pyrophosphate, organic stannous carboxylate salts such as stannous
formate, acetate, gluconate, lactate, tartrate, oxalate, malonate
and citrate, stannous ethylene glyoxide and the like. In some
embodiments, one or more stannous ion sources are included in the
oral care composition. For example, the oral care composition may
include from about 0.01% to about 10% stannous ion source by
weight, based on the total weight of the oral care composition. In
one embodiment, the oral care composition includes from about 0.1
weight % to about 7 weight % stannous ion source or from about 0.2
weight % to about 5 weight % stannous ion source.
EXAMPLES
[0084] Aspects of the present disclosure may be further understood
by referring to the following examples. The examples are
illustrative, and are not intended to be limiting embodiments
thereof.
[0085] Table 1 illustrates two oral care compositions according to
embodiments of the present disclosure using triacetin as a
non-aqueous liquid dispersant. Example 1 illustrates an embodiment
of a process to make the oral care compositions of Table 1, and
Table 2 illustrates a stability of the oral care compositions of
Table 1 over time.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Oral Care Composition #1 Oral Care Oral Care
Ingredient Composition #1 Composition #2 PolyvinylPyrrolidone
hydrogen 0.56% 0.56% peroxide complexes (PVP-H.sub.2O.sub.2) (0.1%
H.sub.2O.sub.2) (0.1% H.sub.2O.sub.2) PolyvinylPyrrolidone-vinyl
acetate 30% 30% copolymer (PVP-VA) Triacetin (TA) 69.44% 68.44%
Water -- 1% Total Components 100% 100%
Example 1
[0086] Oral care compositions including the ingredients listed in
Table 1 were prepared as follows: the formula amounts of PVP-VA and
triacetin were added to a Ross mixer and mixed on high speed for 5
minutes with no vacuum. The resulting gel was then mixed with the
formula amounts of PVP-HP. 1 weight % of the triacetin was replaced
with 1 weight % water in Oral Care Composition #2 to test the
stability of the non-aqueous oral care composition even in the
presence of water.
[0087] The potential effectiveness of tooth whitening oral care
compositions can be measured in terms of active oxygen content. For
example, the term active oxygen can be correlated with the amount
of peroxide present in the composition. One of the oxygen in each
peroxide group is considered "active". The percentage of active
oxygen (AO) or hydrogen peroxide (HP) in a given composition can be
defined by the following Formula 1:
[AO] %=Equivalent of AO*MW of AO/Weight of sample Formula 1
[0088] In one embodiment, the stability of the oral care
composition can be determined by monitoring the change of active
oxygen level over time. The level of active oxygen can be obtained
experimentally by a well-known thiosulfate based titration method.
This method is also commonly used to determine the active oxygen
level in hydrogen peroxide containing compositions as well.
[0089] The amount of hydrogen peroxide in the oral care composition
of Table 1 (and Table 3) were determined via this active oxygen
titration method as follows: about 1.3 grams of the Oral Care
composition was added to a beaker. 25 ml of glacial acetic acid was
then added, followed by addition of 50 ml of ethanol/water (1:1
volume ratio "v/v"). The mixture was then mixed until the Oral Care
Composition was fully suspended. 5 ml of 20% (by weight) potassium
iodide solution and 4 drops of ammonium molybdate solution were
then added to the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. The mixture
turned yellowish. 2 ml of a starch indicator was added to the
mixture. The mixture turned dark brown in color. The mixture was
then titrated with 0.1 N sodium thiosulfate solution until the dark
color disappeared and the amount (mL) of sodium thiosulfate
solution used was recorded. The percentage of hydrogen peroxide
(HP) was then calculated as follows:
( % HP ) = ( ml thiosulfate used ) .times. ( N of thiosulfate )
.times. ( meq wt of oxidizing agent ) .times. ( 100 ) weight of
sample ( g ) Formula 2 ##EQU00001##
where the meq wt of the oxidizing agent is 0.01701 for HP.
[0090] To determine the stability of the oral care compositions,
the % HP was measured before aging and after aging at 40.degree. C.
as illustrated in Table 2. The oral care compositions were aged up
to 13 weeks, which is the extent of time commonly used to predict a
24 month shelf life under normal conditions. Under normal
conditions, maintenance of about 70% or more of the initial % HP
after 8 weeks is considered a good result, and signifies that the
composition will be sufficiently stable for commercial distribution
and sales, and maintenance of about 70% or more of the initial % HP
after 13 weeks is considered a surprisingly good result.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 % HP After % HP After % HP After % HP 4
weeks 8 weeks 13 weeks Oral Care 0.122 0.117 0.117 Composition #1
Oral Care 0.123 0.119 0.114 Composition #2
[0091] As illustrated in Table 2, the oral care compositions using
PVP-H.sub.2O.sub.2 are stable and compatible with PVP-VA/TA gels.
Both Oral Care Composition #1 and #2 displayed surprisingly good
results for maintenance of HP content during aging. The addition of
1% water did not cause any significant degradation in the % HP of
the oral care composition. Accordingly, as illustrated in Table 2,
gels using non-aqueous liquids and PVP-VA structure-building agents
provide a stable base for oral care compositions with
PVP-H.sub.2O.sub.2 whitening agents.
[0092] Table 3 illustrates two oral care compositions according to
embodiments of the present disclosure using PGDA as a non-aqueous
liquid dispersant. Example 2 illustrates an embodiment of a process
to make the oral care compositions of Table 3, and Table 4
illustrates a stability of the oral care compositions of Table 3
over time.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Oral Care Oral Care Ingredient Composition
#3 Composition #4 PolyvinylPyrrolidone hydrogen 0.56% 5.6% peroxide
complexes (0.1% H.sub.2O.sub.2) (1.0% H.sub.2O.sub.2)
(PVP-H.sub.2O.sub.2) PolyvinylPyrrolidone-vinyl acetate 17.0% 15.0%
copolymer (PVP-VA) Propylene Glycol Diacetate 14.8% 14.8% (PGDA)
Non-Aqueous Dispersants 41.04% 38% Thickening Agents 3% 3% PH
Modifying Agents and 2.9% 2.9% Anticalculus Agents Abrasives 15%
15% Surfactants 2% 2% Sweeteners, flavorants, and 3.70% 3.70%
additional ingredients Total Components 100% 100%
Example 2
[0093] Oral Care Compositions #3 and #4 include additional
ingredient commonly found in oral care compositions. In addition,
Oral Care Composition #4 includes a much larger amount of HP than
typically used to further test the stability of the oral care
composition. Oral care compositions including the ingredients
listed in Table 3 were prepared as follows: the formula amounts of
PVP-VA and PGDA were added to a beaker, and mixed at 50.degree. C.
until all solids were dissolved. This mixture was then added to a
Ross mixer together with the formula amount of non-aqueous
dispersants and mixed for 2 minutes at medium speed with no vacuum.
The formula amounts of the pH modifying agents, anticalculus
agents, sweeteners, and fluoride ion sources were then added to the
Ross mixer and mixed for 5 minutes at high speed and under full
vacuum. Thickeners were then added to the Ross mixer and mixed for
3 minutes at medium speed and no vacuum. Abrasives were then added
to the Ross mixer and mixed for 15 minutes at high speed and under
full vacuum. The formula amounts of PVP-HP was then added to the
Ross mixer and mixed for 10 minutes at high speed and under full
vacuum. Formula amounts of flavorant and antioxidant were added to
a beaker and mixed together until all the antioxidant dissolved.
This mixture was then added to the Ross Mixer, together with
formula amounts of surfactant, and mixed for 10 minutes at medium
speed and under full vacuum.
[0094] The amount of hydrogen peroxide in the oral care
compositions of Table 3 was determined using the active oxygen
titration method described above. To determine the stability of the
oral care compositions, the % HP was measured before aging and
after aging at 40.degree. C. for 13 weeks as illustrated in Table
4. As before, the oral care compositions were aged 13 weeks, which
is the extent of time commonly used to predict a 24 month shelf
life under normal conditions.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Final % HP % HP loss % HP Initial % HP
(After 13 weeks) (After 13 weeks) Oral Care 0.113 0.106 6.2
Composition #3 (0.1% HP) Oral Care 1.08 0.97 10.2 Composition #4
(1.0% HP)
[0095] As illustrated in Table 4, the oral care compositions using
PVP-H.sub.2O.sub.2 are stable and compatible with PVP-VA/PGDA
systems. Oral Care Composition #3 (0.1% HP) had only a 6.2% loss
after 13 weeks, and Oral Care Composition #4 (1.0% HP) had only a
10.2% loss after 13 weeks, both easily surpassing the standard 70%
maintenance after 13 weeks, which is considered a surprisingly good
result.
[0096] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods
to whiten an oral surface in a human or animal subject. The method
may include contacting a tooth surface with an oral care
composition according to embodiments of the present disclosure. As
used herein "animal subject" includes non-human mammals, such as
canines, felines and horses. In one embodiment, the oral care
composition is contacted with an oral surface of the mammalian
subject to thereby whiten teeth in a highly efficacious manner.
[0097] In various embodiments, the oral care composition prepared
in accordance with the present disclosure may be applied regularly
to an oral surface, for example on a daily basis, at least one time
daily for multiple days, or alternately every second or third day.
In some embodiments, the oral care composition is applied to the
oral surfaces from 1 to 3 times daily, for at least 2 weeks up to 8
weeks, from four months to three years, or more up to a
lifetime.
[0098] In some embodiments, the oral care composition may be
embodied as a gel and may be applied directly to the teeth using a
delivery device, such as a pen, a liquid stick having an
applicator, such as a felt tip, brush, roller ball, or non-woven
pad, in an amount sufficient to effect whitening once activated. In
some embodiments, the oral care composition is activated once
exposed to the aqueous environment of the oral cavity or when
exposed directly to water or saliva. In some embodiments, the oral
care composition of the present disclosure is maintained on the
surface of the tooth for a plurality of minutes.
[0099] In some embodiments, the oral care composition is activated
and maintained on the surface of a tooth for from about 1 minute to
about 8 hours. In some embodiments, the composition is activated
and maintained on the surface of a tooth for from about 5 minutes
to about 4 hours. In some embodiments, the composition is activated
and maintained on the surface of a tooth for from about 10 minutes
to about 120 minutes. In some embodiments, the composition is
activated and maintained on the surface of a tooth for from about
15 minutes to about 60 minutes. In some embodiments, the
composition is activated and maintained on the surface of a tooth
for from about 20 minutes to about 45 minutes.
[0100] The present disclosure has been described with reference to
exemplary embodiments. Although a limited number of embodiments
have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those
skilled in the art that changes may be made in these embodiments
without departing from the principles and spirit of preceding
detailed description. It is intended that the present disclosure be
construed as including all such modifications and alterations
insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the
equivalents thereof.
* * * * *