U.S. patent application number 15/824065 was filed with the patent office on 2018-05-17 for apparatus, system and method for underwater signaling of audio messages to a diver.
The applicant listed for this patent is InCube Labs, LLC. Invention is credited to Mir A. Imran.
Application Number | 20180138988 15/824065 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46652630 |
Filed Date | 2018-05-17 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180138988 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Imran; Mir A. |
May 17, 2018 |
APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR UNDERWATER SIGNALING OF AUDIO
MESSAGES TO A DIVER
Abstract
Embodiments of the invention provide a system, apparatus and
methods for underwater voice communication between a diver and an
underwater electronic device. In many embodiments, the system
includes a dive computer which generates audio signals
corresponding to spoken messages and a mouthpiece apparatus having
an acoustic transducer that conducts sound via conduction through
the diver's teeth and skull to the cochlea so as to allow the diver
to hear the messages and other sounds and a microphone for sensing
the diver's voice. The mouthpiece is adapted to be easily attached
to portions of a SCUBA or other underwater breathing apparatus. It
may also be attached or integral to a snorkel or similar
apparatus.
Inventors: |
Imran; Mir A.; (Los Altos
Hills, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
InCube Labs, LLC |
San Jose |
CA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
46652630 |
Appl. No.: |
15/824065 |
Filed: |
November 28, 2017 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
14720514 |
May 22, 2015 |
9859987 |
|
|
15824065 |
|
|
|
|
13398718 |
Feb 16, 2012 |
9118404 |
|
|
14720514 |
|
|
|
|
61444571 |
Feb 18, 2011 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04B 11/00 20130101 |
International
Class: |
H04B 11/00 20060101
H04B011/00 |
Claims
1. A system for underwater voice communication with a diver, the
system comprising: a mouthpiece configured to be worn in the mouth
of the diver, an acoustic transducer positioned on a surface of the
mouthpiece, the transducer configured to transduce an audio input
into an acoustic output and acoustically couple to the diver's
upper teeth to conduct the acoustic output from the diver's upper
teeth through the skull to generate audible sound in at least one
of the diver's ears when the diver is wearing the mouthpiece; and a
portable device configured to send the audio input to the
transducer, the audio input corresponding to a signal received from
a third party's device, the signal corresponding to one or more
prerecorded vocalizations by the third party; wherein the acoustic
transducer converts the audio input into the acoustic output, the
acoustic output corresponding to the one or more prerecorded
vocalizations, which is conducted through the diver's skull and
heard by the diver.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the
mouthpiece comprises an elastomer, silicone or polyurethane.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the acoustic transducer comprises
a left and right acoustic transducer positioned on left and right
portions of the mouthpiece.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the acoustic transducer comprises
an acoustic plate coupled to a driver, the acoustic plate
configured to be vibrated by the driver responsive to an electrical
signal input and acoustically couple to the upper teeth.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the acoustic plate is configured
to vibrate at about at least one predetermined resonant frequency
of the diver's upper teeth.
6. The system of claim 4, wherein the acoustic plate has an
acoustical property matched to that of the diver's upper teeth.
7. The system of claim 5, wherein the acoustical property is at
least one resonant frequency matched with the upper teeth.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more modules include
software programs or other logic for controlling various operations
of the portable device.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more modules are
configured for computing, monitoring and communicating various
physiological data of the diver.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 14/720,514, filed May 22, 2015, entitled "APPARATUS,
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR UNDERWATER SIGNALING OF AUDIO MESSAGES TO A
DIVER", which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
13/398,718, filed Feb. 16, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,118,404,
entitled "APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR UNDERWATER SIGNALING OF
AUDIO MESSAGES TO A DIVER", which claims the benefit of U.S.
Provisional Patent Application No. 61/444,571, filed Feb. 18, 2011,
entitled "APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR UNDERWATER SIGNALING OF
AUDIO MESSAGES TO A DIVER", all of the foregoing priority
applications being hereby fully incorporated by reference for all
purposes.
[0002] This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 13/352,249, filed Jan. 17, 2012, entitled "APPARATUS, SYSTEM
AND METHOD FOR UNDERWATER VOICE COMMUNICATION BY A DIVER", which
claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.
61/433,168, filed Jan. 14, 2011, entitled "APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND
METHOD FOR UNDERWATER VOICE COMMUNICATION BY A DIVER"; U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 13/237,912, filed Sep. 20, 2011, entitled
"DEVICE, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MONITORING AND COMMUNICATING
BIOMETRIC DATA OF A DIVER", which claims priority to U.S.
Provisional Patent Application No. 61/384,612, filed Sep. 20, 2010,
entitled "DEVICE, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MONITORING AND
COMMUNICATING BIOMETRIC DATA OF A DIVER"; and U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 13/231,881, filed Sep. 13, 2011, entitled
"SELF-PROPELLED BUOY FOR MONITORING UNDERWATER OBJECTS", which
claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.
61/382,438, filed Sep. 13, 2010, entitled "SELF-PROPELLED BUOY FOR
MONITORING UNDERWATER OBJECTS"; all of the foregoing priority
applications being hereby fully incorporated by reference for all
purposes.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Embodiments described herein relate to a system for
underwater voice communication. More specifically, embodiments
described herein relate to an apparatus, system and method for
underwater communication by a diver, such as a SCUBA or skin
diver.
BACKGROUND
[0004] Since the early days of SCUBA (Self Contained Underwater
Breathing Apparatus) diving with Jacques Cousteau, communication
between SCUBA divers has been an issue. This is due to the fact
that: i) the use of the SCUBA breathing apparatus (including a
mouthpiece worn by the diver precludes direct voice communication,
and ii) because of risks of the underwater environment, divers have
a critical need to communicate a variety of safety related messages
to their fellow divers, e.g., communicating the amount of air they
have remaining (a maxim of diving is to never dive alone, but
instead always go with at least one other diver known as a "dive
buddy"). As a result, a series of hand signs have been developed
but these only cover a very limited number of messages and cannot
quickly get the other diver's attention in critical situations.
Various underwater graphical display devices have also been
developed, but these have the same limitation. These devices which
are worn on the diver's wrist or arm require the diver to divert
his or her attention from what they are doing to look at the
display. Typically, divers dive with their head up to see where
they are going and their arms at their sides to reduce water
resistance. So, the diver's natural diving position is not
conducive to monitoring a visual alert on their wrist or elsewhere
(e.g., arm or waist). This is even true for visual alerts on the
diver's face mask since the diver's attention is more focused on
what is in front of them and not their face mask.
[0005] Acoustic alarm systems have been developed but they are not
voice based and can only communicate a limited number of messages
which require the diver to understand an alarm code. Also, none of
these devices provide for communication between divers and a
surface craft such as the dive boat (the boat which supports the
divers). Further none of these devices provides for communication
between divers who are not in very close proximity. What is needed
is an approach allowing for voice communication between divers
while they are underwater as well as for voice communication
between divers and a surface craft.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0006] Embodiments of the invention provide a system, apparatus and
methods for underwater voice communication by a diver to other
divers and surface ships as well as between a diver and an
underwater electronic device which generates voice messages for the
diver. In many embodiments, the system includes a dive computer or
like device having the ability to generate audio messages and a
mouthpiece having an acoustic transducer that conducts sound via
conduction through the diver's teeth and skull to the cochlea so as
to allow the diver to hear the audio messages and other sounds and
a microphone for sensing the diver's voice. The mouthpiece is
adapted to be easily attached to portions of a SCUBA or other
underwater breathing apparatus. It may also be attached to or
integrated with a snorkel or similar apparatus. One or both of the
mouthpiece and the dive computer may include circuitry for
amplifying higher frequency components of the audio messages or
other sounds to account for reduced level of conduction of such
frequencies by bone.
[0007] Embodiments of the invention allow the diver to speak and
have two way voice communication with other divers and surface
ships without having to remove their mouthpiece and without having
any other specialized equipment. Embodiments of the invention also
allow the diver to hear audio messages such as acoustic alarms,
voice messages and prompts from a portable dive computer or other
underwater electronic device. In use, such embodiments allow the
diver to perform various tasks while receiving a variety of
information including voice prompts and commands without having to
look at a display or gauge. This enables the divers to stay focused
on their task and/or their underwater environment thus improving
safety and their diving experience. Still other embodiments of the
invention allow the diver to hear music, radio or other audio input
while they are underwater. Still other embodiments can provide the
diver with an acoustic input of sounds from the body of water in
which he or she is diving allowing the diver to hear the sounds of
underwater marine life as well as the sounds of surface craft.
[0008] In one embodiment, the invention provides a mouthpiece
apparatus for underwater voice communication by a diver comprising
a mouthpiece having an exterior coupling element for coupling to an
air hose or other conduit of a SCUBA (or other underwater breathing
apparatus) and an interior portion coupled to the coupling element
and worn in the diver's mouth. The coupling element may be coupled
directly to the air hose or to a fitting on the air hose. The
coupling element and interior portion can include a lumen for the
passage of respired air by the diver. The interior portion has a
curved shaped corresponding to a shape of the diver's mouth and has
attached right and left bite structures. The bite structures
include upper and lower surfaces for engaging a bite surface of the
user's upper and lower teeth. One or both of the bite structures
may include a retaining flange which can be perpendicular to a bite
surface of the bite structure for retaining the mouthpiece in the
diver's mouth.
[0009] An acoustic transducer is positioned on the top surface of
at least one of the left or right bite structures. The acoustic
transducer is configured to transduce an electrical signal input
(e.g., from another communication device) into an acoustic output
and to acoustically couple to the diver's upper teeth in order to
conduct the acoustic output from the diver's upper teeth through
the skull to generate audible sound in at least one of the diver's
ears when the diver is wearing the mouthpiece. Typically, the
acoustic transducer is positioned to engage the upper (e.g.,
maxillary) back teeth of the diver's mouth, but may be positioned
to engage any tooth or group of teeth in the diver's mouth. Also,
transducer properties can be tuned or otherwise adjusted. A
microphone is positioned in or on the mouthpiece for detecting the
diver's voice and generating an electrical output signal when the
diver is wearing the mouthpiece. The microphone may be recessed or
otherwise positioned to reduce breathing sounds. This microphone
output can be sent to an underwater communication device for
underwater transmission to another diver(s) or to a surface ship.
In many embodiments, the communication device may correspond to an
ultrasonic or other acoustical transmission device which transduces
the electrical output signal into an acoustic signal, which is
transmitted by the acoustical transmission device. Also, in various
embodiments, one or both of the communication device or microphone
may include a filter (e.g., high pass, low pass, etc.) for
filtering out breath and related sounds of the diver from his or
her spoken words.
[0010] In an exemplary embodiment of using the invention, the diver
attaches an embodiment of the mouthpiece to a fitting on a
regulator or other component of his or her SCUBA gear. For
embodiments having electrical couplings on the mouthpiece, the
diver may then connect them to the underwater communication device.
He or she may perform a few quick tests to assure that the
communication system is working. Such tests can include putting in
the mouthpiece and saying some test phrases (e.g., "testing 1, 2,
3," etc.) while looking at a display on or coupled to the
communication device to assure that a signal from the microphone is
getting to the communication device. The test for the acoustic
transducer can comprise putting in the mouthpiece and pressing a
test signal button on the communication device which then sends a
test signal to the acoustical transducer, which converts the
electrical signal to an audio signal conducted through his teeth
and skull, and which the diver then listens for. For either test,
the diver can move the mouthpiece around in his or her mouth to
find a position of the mouthpiece in their mouth which yields the
best output signal from the microphone. The diver may perform a
similar procedure for embodiments of the mouthpiece used in a
snorkel. Having found that position, the diver may select a
particular acoustic frequency or range of frequencies (e.g., akin
to a channel) to use for input (hearing) and output (verbal
speech). The diver may choose to use the system underwater for
voice communication with other divers as well as surface ship.
Depending upon the frequencies available, the diver may then
select/assign a distinct acoustic frequency or frequency range for
a particular diver as well as for a surface craft. In many
embodiments, the system will allow for separate frequency and/or
frequency range to minimize cross talk from diver to diver as well
as diver to surface ship communication. These and other aspects,
embodiments and features are described in detail in the body of
specification.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of an underwater
voice communication system for a diver.
[0012] FIG. 1a shows an embodiment of a voice communication
mouthpiece apparatus worn in the mouth and its use in the
conduction of sound to the inner ear through the skull.
[0013] FIG. 2 is a lateral view illustrating embodiments of the
mouthpiece coupled to an underwater breathing apparatus such as a
SCUBA.
[0014] FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing various features of an
embodiment of the mouthpiece.
[0015] FIG. 4 is a lateral view showing an embodiment of the
mouthpiece having an electrical connection means such as a wire for
coupling to PWE devices such as a dive computer.
[0016] FIG. 5a is a side cut-away view showing an embodiment of the
mouthpiece having a cavity and a microphone positioned in the
cavity.
[0017] FIG. 5b is a block diagram illustrating the configuration
and operation of an embodiment of the microphone.
[0018] FIG. 6a is a side cut-away view showing an embodiment of the
acoustic transducer comprising an electromagnetic driver,
acoustical plate and connecting lever.
[0019] FIG. 6b is a top down view showing an embodiment of the
acoustic transducer positioned in/on the mouthpiece.
[0020] FIG. 6c is a block diagram showing the configuration and
operation of an embodiment of the acoustical transducer.
[0021] FIG. 6d is a block diagram showing the configuration and
operation of an embodiment of a communication system for generating
voice prompts and other messages that are delivered to the diver by
embodiments of the acoustical transducer.
[0022] FIG. 7a is a top down view illustrating an embodiment of the
acoustic plate having a curved shape corresponding to curvature of
the diver's dental arches.
[0023] FIG. 7b is a side view illustrating an embodiment of the
acoustic plate having conducting ridges.
[0024] FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of the mouthpiece having a
wireless communication device such as an RF communication chip for
communicating with a diver computer or other PWE device.
[0025] FIG. 9a is a cut away perspective view illustrating an
embodiment of a multilayer mouthpiece having a rigid core and
softer outer layer.
[0026] FIG. 9b is a cut away top down view illustrating an
embodiment of a multilayer mouthpiece having a rigid core and
softer outer layer.
[0027] FIG. 10 is a schematic view illustrating the configuration
and operation of an embodiment of the communication device for use
with embodiments of the voice communication mouthpiece
apparatus.
[0028] FIG. 11 is a schematic view illustrating the configuration
and operation of an embodiment of a PWE device (such as a dive
computer) including a communication device for use with embodiments
of the voice communication mouthpiece apparatus.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0029] Referring now to FIGS. 1-11, an embodiment of a
communication system 5 (herein system 5) for voice communication
from a first diver 200 to one or more other divers 210 or surface
ships 220 comprises a voice communication mouthpiece apparatus 10
(herein mouthpiece 10) and an underwater communication device 100.
In various embodiments, communication system also provides for
communication of computer generated voice messages to the diver
from a portable underwater device. Mouthpiece 10 is worn in the
diver's mouth and is configured to attach to a regulator 82 or
other fitting 83 of a SCUBA or other underwater diving apparatus
80. System 5, including mouthpiece 10, is configured to allow voice
or other communication between a first underwater communication
device 100 carried by diver 200 and a second underwater
communication device 110 carried by other diver(s) 210 as well as
between communication device 100 and a communication device 130
used by a surface ship 220. In one embodiment, communication device
130 can be incorporated into a buoy or array towed by ship 220.
With regard to communication device 100 (and 110), it can be
positioned on a variety of locations on the diver and/or on Scuba
80. In one embodiment, it may be positioned on the diver's head and
can be attached using a band or strap or it may be coupled to the
hood of the diver's wetsuit. In many embodiments, communication
device 100 may be incorporated into a portable watertight
electronic device 160 carried or worn by the diver as is described
herein.
[0030] In addition to communication with another diver 210 having a
separate SCUBA 80, in various embodiments, system 5 and mouthpiece
10 can also be adapted for communication with another mouthpiece
10' connected to a buddy breathing line 16 connected to same SCUBA
80 as used by diver 200 as is shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1. In
such embodiments, mouthpieces 10 and 10' can be configured to both
be operatively connected to the same communication device 100 or
they may be configured to be directly connected to each other
without the use of communication device 100. In use, such
embodiments allow quick and ready communication between the diver
200 and the buddy breather without the need for any communication
device or any set up procedure.
[0031] The mouthpiece 10 includes a coupling element 11, an
interior portion 20 coupled to the coupling element 11, a
microphone 40 and an acoustic transducer 50. Coupling element 11,
couples the mouthpiece 10 to SCUBA 80. In various embodiments,
coupling element 11 may be configured to couple directly to an air
hose 81 of SCUBA 80 or a regulator 82 or other fitting 83 of SCUBA
80. The coupling element 11 and interior portion 20 include a lumen
13 for the passage of respired air by the diver.
[0032] One or both of the microphone 40 and the acoustic transducer
50 may be powered by a battery 90 which is incorporated into the
mouthpiece 10 or coupled to the mouthpiece 10, for example, by an
electrical wire 17 or other electrical connection means 17. Battery
90 may comprise various lithium buttons batteries or other
miniature batteries known in the art and may be configured for
underwater use (e.g., by having watertight seals and/or be
manufactured according to various Mil-Spec standards, including
those for diving gear). Battery 90 may also be shaped to have a
form factor which readily fits into mouthpiece 10. For example, in
one embodiment, battery 90 may have a curved shape which
corresponds to the curvature of the diver's dental arches DA.
Battery 90 may also be used to power a processor 70 that may also
be contained in the mouthpiece 10 and described in more detail
herein.
[0033] Wire(s) 17 may also be configured to couple both the
microphone 40 and the acoustic transducer 50 (as well as electrical
components of mouthpiece 10) to various electrical devices that are
part of SCUBA 80 or are otherwise worn or carried by the diver,
such as communication device 100 and/or dive computer 160. Wire(s)
17 may be insulated sufficiently to withstand depths of several
hundred feet or more. A portion of the wires 17 may be embedded in
the mouthpiece 10 and/or connected to the mouthpiece 10 by an
electrical connector configured for underwater conditions. Wire 17
can include at least a first and second wire for connection to the
microphone 40 and the acoustic transducer 50. In some embodiments,
a section of wire 17 may pass through lumen 13 of coupling element
11 so as to connect to one or more electrical devices that are part
of SCUBA 80 or are otherwise worn or carried by the diver. In such
embodiments, wire 17 is sufficiently thin or otherwise configured
so as to not interfere or impede the passage of respired air
through lumen 13.
[0034] In alternative or additional embodiments, one or both of the
microphone 40 and the transducer 50 may be operatively coupled to
communication device 100 and/or dive computer 160 via use of a
wireless communication device 95, such as an RF communication chip
95 which may be embedded in the mouthpiece 10. RF communication
chip 95 may correspond to an active or passive RF transceiver and
may be embedded in the mouthpiece 10. The frequency and power
levels for use with such an RF communication chip 95 can be adapted
for underwater use to allow communication of signals 97 between an
RF communication chip 95 in the mouthpiece 10 and a corresponding
chip 96 in communication device 100 and/or dive computer 160
carried by the diver. In use, such embodiments, allow the diver to
readily couple the mouthpiece 10 to communication device 100 and/or
dive computer 160 without having to make any electrical
connections. It also allows the diver to verify that the mouthpiece
10 is operating properly before getting into the water through the
use of one or more diagnostic software modules 190 resident within
dive computer 160 which can be configured to interrogate mouthpiece
10 for proper operation. In one embodiment, this may consist of the
diver being prompted to speak several test phrases with the
mouthpiece in place. Further in various embodiments, communication
chip 95 and/or memory chip or other memory resources 75 coupled to
communication chip 95 may contain various diver specific
information (e.g., name, weight, health data, dive history etc.)
which can be signaled to dive computer 160 allowing the dive
computer to uniquely identify the mouthpiece 10 as belonging to a
particular diver and then upload that data into the dive computer.
The process may also be facilitated by use of a processor 70,
(e.g., a microprocessor 70), that controls the handshake and other
communication between communication chip 95 and chip 96. Processor
70 may also contain or be coupled to memory resources 75. In
particular embodiments, such a configuration can be implemented
through use of an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit)
containing processor 70, memory resources 75 and even battery
90.
[0035] The interior portion 20 of the mouthpiece 10 has a curved
shape 21 corresponding to a shape of the diver's dental arches DA
and has attached right 31 and left 32, bite structures 30. The
curved shape 21 may be fabricated by taking a dental impression or
image of the diver's mouth and then using that impression or image
to construct a mold for making the mouthpiece and/or using
stereolithography techniques known in the art. The bite structures
30 include upper 33 and lower 34 surfaces 35 (also called bite
surfaces 35) for engaging a bite surface BS of the diver's upper
teeth, UT (also called maxillary) and lower teeth, LT. Bite
structures 30 may be positioned and arranged to contact at least
the back teeth of the diver, but may contact the front teeth as
well (or other teeth T or groups of teeth). The bite structures 30
may also be configured to be acoustically isolated from each other
by fabricating all or a portion of the bite structures from various
acoustically insulating materials known in the art.
[0036] In various embodiments, one or both of the bite structures
30 may include a retaining flange 36 for retaining the mouthpiece
in the diver's mouth M by contacting an inside surface of the
diver's teeth T. Typically, flange 36 will be oriented
perpendicular to bite surfaces 35, but other orientations are also
contemplated (e.g., an acute angle). Also, flange 36 may have a
curved shape or profile 37 which corresponds to the curvature of
the diver's dental arches DA.
[0037] In various embodiments, mouthpiece 10 may be fabricated from
elastomeric polymers such as silicone, polyurethane, copolymers
thereof and other elastomers known in the art. The mouthpiece 10
may have a unitary construction and or may be fabricated from
separate components which are joined. It may be fabricated using
various methods known in the polymer processing arts, including
molding and stereolithography methods. Also, molding may be done
with the microphone 40 and/or acoustic transducer 50 in place, or
they may be added to cavities created in the mouthpiece 10 for
their positioning. The polymeric materials for the mouthpiece 10
may be selected for several different mechanical and acoustical
properties. For example the material can be selected to achieve a
desired durometer for the mouthpiece 10. The durometer of the
material may be selected to maintain the shape of the mouthpiece
10, but at the same time, reduce the bite force required for the
diver to hold the mouthpiece 10 in place. Suitable lower durometer
embodiments include the range of about 20 to 50, more preferably,
about 30 to 40. In use, such lower durometer embodiments allow the
diver to keep the mouthpiece 10 in their mouth for extended periods
(e.g., hours) without excessive discomfort or fatigue of their jaw
muscles, particularly while speaking. The properties of the
polymers used for the mouthpiece 10 can also be selected to obtain
a desired amount of acoustical insulation so as to minimize the
transmission of sound from acoustic transducer 50 to microphone 40
so as to reduce or prevent feedback between the two.
[0038] In some embodiments, a mouthpiece 10 having a lower
durometer can be achieved by use of a two-ply and/or other
multilayer configurations 101 of the mouthpiece 10 where at least a
portion of the mouthpiece 10 comprises a lower durometer tooth
contacting surface layer 18 (also referred to as a liner) which
fits over a higher durometer (e.g., more rigid), underlying core
structure 19. The latter provides sufficient rigidity for holding
the shape of the mouthpiece 10 in the diver's mouth, while the
former provides a soft comfortable tooth contacting surface. Liner
18 may also be configured to provide acoustical
insulation/dampening properties so as to reduce feedback between
microphone 40 and acoustic transducer 50 by reducing the
transmission of sound from transducer 50 and microphone 40. In use,
such two ply or other multilayer embodiments of the mouthpiece 10
provide a more comfortable mouthpiece and one that minimizes or
reduces feedback from the transducer 50 and microphone 40, while
maintaining the shape of the mouthpiece. In related embodiments,
mouthpiece 10 can have a three or even a four ply construction to
provide additional amounts of acoustic insulation.
[0039] Microphone 40 is positioned in or on mouthpiece 10 and is
configured to detect the sound 41 (herein voice sounds 41) from the
diver's voice with the mouthpiece 10 in place and generate an
electrical output 42 in the form of electrical signals 42.
Microphone 40 may comprise various miniature microphones known in
the art and may comprise various electric microphones known in the
art. The microphone 40 may include or be coupled to a preamplifier
47 as well as a filter 43 for filtering out the diver's breath
sounds or other non-speech related sounds (e.g., bubble and
cavitation sounds). In various embodiments, filter 43 may
correspond to one or more of a high pass, low pass or band pass
filter. Filter 43 may also be programmable, so as to allow the user
to select various acoustic criteria for filtering out breathing
sounds. Such criteria may include a particular frequency range,
duration of sound and/or amplitude of sound that is filtered.
Filter 43 may also be configured to filter out acoustic signals 52
(discussed below) generated by acoustic transducer 50 so as to
minimize feedback from transducer 50 and microphone 40. In an
alternative or additional embodiment, filter 43 may also be
configured as or include a switching device 43s that shuts off the
generation of signals 42 by microphone 40 when the diver is
receiving acoustic signals 52 from acoustic transducer 50. In use,
such embodiments provide another approach and means for minimizing
or eliminating feedback between microphone 40 and acoustic
transducer 50.
[0040] Microphone 40 may be placed in any number of locations in or
on the mouthpiece 10, but is placed on an opposite side 22 of the
mouthpiece as that containing acoustic transducer 50 so as to
minimize feedback between the microphone and acoustic transducer 50
(side 22 being defined by the diver's left and right). In
particular embodiments, the microphone is placed on the opposite
bite structure 30 from that of acoustic transducer 50. In such
embodiments, bite structure 30 is configured to dampen or attenuate
any vibrations coming from acoustical transducer 50. Also,
microphone 40 may also be placed on the surface 12 of mouthpiece
10, but is more preferably recessed within the mouthpiece so as to
attenuate breath sounds as well as reduce the likelihood of
exposure to liquids in the diver's mouth.
[0041] In embodiments of the mouthpiece 10 having a recessed
microphone 40, the mouthpiece 10 can include a cavity 44 in which
the microphone 40 is placed. The cavity may include a small
aperture 45 or opening to the mouthpiece surface 12 to allow for
acoustical conduction to the mouthpiece 10. The diameter of
aperture 45 can be selected to minimize the entry of fluids into
the cavity, and in various embodiments, can be in the range of
0.001 to 0.00001 inches (0.00254 to 2.54e-005 centimeter), more
preferably, 0.0005 to 0.0008 inches (0.00127 to 0.002032
centimeter) with a specific embodiment of 0.0007 inches (0.001778
centimeter). One or both of aperture 45 and microphone 40 may
include a waterproof layer 46, which may correspond to a porous
material such as an expanded PTFE material. Also, in embodiments of
the mouthpiece having a cavity 44, the microphone may also be
potted in cavity 44 with a sound insulating material, such as one
or more curable polymers having sound insulating properties (e.g.,
silicone). In use, such embodiments having a potted microphone 40
provide a means for reducing feedback between microphone 40 and
acoustic transducer 50 as well as dampening of other unwanted
sounds (e.g., from the diver clenching his jaw on the mouthpiece),
which may be conducted through mouthpiece 10.
[0042] In various embodiments, an acoustic transducer 50 is
positioned on the upper surface 33 of at least one of the left or
right bite structures 31 and 32. In specific embodiments, separate
traducers 50 can be positioned on both left and right structures 31
and 32 or otherwise on opposite sides 22 (e.g., left and right
sides) of mouthpiece 10. The acoustic transducer 50 is configured
to transduce an electrical signal input 51 (encoding or
corresponding to an acoustic signal) received by the diver's
communication device 100 into an acoustic output signal 52. Input
signal 51 can be from one or more of another communication device
100 (either another diver's or a surface ship), a dive computer, a
music player (e.g., an MP3 player) or other related devices. In
particular embodiments, input signal 51 can be generated and/or
conditioned by a processor 170 (described herein) or other signal
conditioning device or circuitry of communication device 100 or a
processor 70 resident within mouthpiece 10. Processor 70 or 170 may
correspond to a microprocessor and can be configured to generate,
and/or condition signal 51, as well as condition signal 42 from
microphone 40. Such signal conditioning in either case can include
one or more of amplification, filtering, conversion, matching and
isolation.
[0043] Transducer 50 is also configured to acoustically couple to
the diver's upper teeth UT to conduct the acoustic output 52 from
the diver's upper teeth through the skull S to the cochlea in order
to generate audible sound in at least one of the diver's ears E
when the diver is wearing mouthpiece 10. In many embodiments, the
transducer 50 comprises an acoustic plate 53 (also described as a
vibrating plate 53) coupled to a driver 54. The plate 53 is
configured to engage and acoustically couple to the surface of the
diver's teeth and be vibrated by the driver 54 responsive to
electrical signal 51. Vibration of the plate 53 produces acoustical
signal output 52 which is acoustically conducted to the diver's
teeth and then through the bones in his or her skull to the inner
ear IE including cochlea C where they are perceived as sound. Plate
53 can be fabricated from ceramic, metal, polymeric material such
as a resilient polymer, and can have a size and shape to
acoustically couple to one or more of the diver's teeth. In
particular embodiments, plate 53 may have a curved horizontal shape
53c corresponding in part to the curvature DC of the diver's dental
arches DA to facilitate the plate contacting multiple teeth. Plate
53 may also have one or more ridges or other raised feature 53r
configured to enhance acoustical coupling and conduction to the
diver's teeth. In particular embodiments, ridges 53r can be
positioned to contact the center depressions in the diver's
teeth.
[0044] In particular embodiments, plate 53 can be configured to
have an acoustical impedance approximating or otherwise matched in
some fashion (e.g., proportional, inversely proportional, etc.) to
that of the diver's teeth (e.g., one or more of the upper teeth).
Such embodiments can be achieved by fabricating plate 53 from one
or more dental ceramics or other material having similar mechanical
properties as the diver's teeth. Other acoustic properties can also
be so matched such as the resonant frequency of the plate and the
teeth. Such matching of acoustic properties can be configured to
minimize acoustic losses from plate 53 to the teeth or otherwise
enhance conduction of acoustic signal 52 through the diver's skull
to the inner ear including the cochlea.
[0045] In various embodiments, driver 54 comprises an
electromagnetic driver 55, which can be directly or indirectly
coupled to plate 53. In the latter embodiments, driver 54 comprises
electromagnetic driver 55, a movable diaphragm 56 sitting atop or
otherwise coupled to the electromagnetic driver 55, and a lever or
other connecting means 57 coupling diaphragm 56 to plate 53.
Electromagnetic driver 55 can comprise various electromagnetic
drivers known in the speaker or earphone arts and can comprise a
miniature magnet 58 which may correspond to a core or coil. One or
more of electromagnetic driver 55, movable diaphragm 56, lever 57
and magnet 58 can be fabricated from mems-based components either
separately or as a single structure. In alternative embodiments,
driver 54 (including electromagnetic drive 55) may be configured to
be directly coupled to plate 53 without movable diaphragm 56 and/or
lever 57.
[0046] Typically, acoustic transducer 50, including plate 53, is
positioned to engage the upper (e.g., maxillary) back teeth of the
diver's mouth M, but may be positioned to engage any tooth or group
of teeth in the diver's mouth such as in the front either upper or
lower teeth. As an addition or alternative embodiment, transducer
50 including plate 53 may also be configured to engage and be
acoustically coupled to the diver's upper palate (the hard palate).
In such embodiments, the plate 53 can have a curved shape matched
to at least a portion of the shape of the upper palate (also known
as the roof of the mouth). Such embodiments allow for larger
surface area of acoustical conduction to the diver's skull and do
not require the diver to bite down on the mouthpiece when
speaking.
[0047] In various embodiments, mouthpiece 10 can include a sensor
60 which is configured to detect the diver's breath and generate an
output signal 61 which is used to switch off microphone 40 and/or
attenuate or gate the output signal 42 coming from the microphone
40 to communication device 100 during a time period of the diver's
respiration. In the first configuration (where the microphone 40 is
switched off), the output signal 61 can be fed into microphone
switching device 43s, and in the second signal 61 can be sent to
communication device 100 including processor 170. In many
embodiments, sensor 60 can correspond to a miniature flow/velocity
sensor for detecting a flow rate and/or velocity of the diver's
breath moving through the mouth. When the velocity or flow exceeds
a threshold value, corresponding to flow or velocity of a diver's
breath, the microphone 40 can be configured to shut off, and/or
output signal 42 can be attenuated or gated by processor 170. The
threshold value for flow and/or velocity can be selected so as to
be able to distinguish between a velocity or flow rate when the
diver is speaking or breathing, the former being lower than the
latter. In various embodiments, processor 170 and/or microphone 40
may include logic for shutting off the microphone 40 and/or
attenuating or gating signal 42 or 51. In specific embodiments,
such logic for attenuating or gating signal 42 or 51 can be
incorporated into one or more modules 190, described herein.
[0048] For embodiments where sensor 60 comprises a flow sensor, the
sensor can be positioned in a variety of locations on mouthpiece 10
for detecting the divers' breath. In preferred embodiments,
flow/velocity sensor 60 is placed toward the front section 14 of
the mouthpiece 10 (e.g., near the front teeth), preferably in the
center 15 of the front section 14, so as to be in a location in the
diver's mouth having the greatest velocity/flow rate (for example,
at the peak of a velocity profile such as a velocity profile for
poiseuille flow). Such profiles can be determined using standard
measurement methods known in the art for a standard mouth shape,
size and tidal volume (or other related respiratory measurement),
with adjustments made for a particular individual.
[0049] Communication device 100 can employ a variety of
communication modalities including, without limitation,
electromagnetic, such as RF, magnetic, optical, acoustic and/or
combinations thereof. Referring now to FIG. 10, in preferred
embodiments, the communication device 100 can correspond to an
ultrasonic or other acoustic transmission device 100a which
transduces the electrical output signal 42 into an acoustic signal
101, which is transmitted by the acoustical transmission device
100. In such embodiments, communication devices 100a can comprise
one or more acoustic transducers 105 which transmit and/or receive
acoustic energy at a selected frequency or range of frequencies.
The selected frequencies can be in the range of 10 to 40 kHz, 30 to
40 kHz, 100 to 200 kHz and 150 to 200 kHz. This frequency can be
adjusted for one or more of the depth, salinity and temperature
conditions of the water. Acoustic transducers 105 may correspond to
one or more ultrasonic transducers 106, which can comprise various
piezo-electric materials, such as piezo-electric ceramic materials.
The particular acoustical transducer 105 and acoustical frequency
can be selected based on the desired acoustical transmission range,
acoustical sensitivity, bandwidth, maximum diving depth,
temperature and salinity conditions and related parameters.
[0050] Also, acoustic transducers 105 may be configured as both
acoustical transmitters and receivers so as to send and receive
acoustical signals. In many embodiments, acoustic transducers 105
can be arranged as an array 107 of transducers which may include a
phased array formation. Array 107 can be configured to optimize one
or more of the transmission range, sensitivity and bandwidth of
communication device 100. In various embodiments, the frequency,
power settings and sensitivities of ultrasonic transducers 106
and/or array 107 can be selected to enable underwater transmission
ranges for communication device 100 up to 1500 feet (457.2 meters)
and more preferably, up to 2500 feet (762 meters) with even great
transmission ranges contemplated. Also, communication device 100
can include signal generation and selection circuitry to allow for
communication over multiple selectable acoustic frequency ranges,
(referred to herein after as channels). Communication device 100
may also include a multiplexing device (not shown) coupled to at
least one of the transceiver or signal processing circuitry so as
to allow for the transmission of multiple signals. The multiplexing
device may be configured for one or more of time division,
frequency division or code division multiplexing. In alternative
embodiments communication device 100 can comprise an RF based
device and can even include RF communication chip 95 described
above. In these and related embodiments, RF communication chip 95
is configured to have a selected power and frequency to enable
underwater communication with other divers 210 and surface ship
220.
[0051] Referring now to FIG. 11, in many embodiments, communication
device 100 can be incorporated into a portable watertight
electronic (PWE) device 160. PWE device 160 will typically comprise
a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) device 160 (or other similar
devices) that is worn or carried by diver 200. PWE device 160 may
also comprise or be integrated into a dive watch, dive computer or
other device or equipment carried by the diver, e.g., a flash
light, depth gauge, regulator etc. For ease of discussion, PWE
device 160 will now be referred to as a dive computer 160; however,
other embodiments are equally applicable. Dive computer 160
includes a processor 170, display 180, user input means 185 and an
electrical power source 165. Power source 165 may correspond to a
portable battery such as a lithium or lithium ion battery or other
battery chemistry known in the art. User input means 185 may
correspond to a touch screen which may be separate or integral with
display 180. Processor 170 includes one or more modules 190
including software programs or other logic for controlling various
operations of device 160 including those of communication device
100. For example, in various embodiments, module 190 can comprise a
program for discriminating between when the diver is speaking
versus breathing using an output signal 61 from sensor 60 and then
gate or attenuate microphone output 42 and/or transducer output 51
accordingly.
[0052] In other embodiments, module 190 can comprise a program or
other logic instruction set for generating and sending various
voice commands and other voice messages 102 to the diver to alert
them of various conditions, etc. and/or assist them in the
performance of one or more tasks. In one embodiment, module 190 can
comprise a program for the diver performing a controlled ascent
whereby the program sends voice prompts to the diver telling them
how long to remain at a particular depth before they can ascend to
the next depth so as to avoid the bends or other related
conditions. The program can be configured to send the prompts in
response to one or more inputs such as those from an electronic
depth gauge, electronic timer, SCUBA tank pressure or related gauge
or sensor. Other inputs can include various messages from other
divers 210 as well as the dive boat or other surface ships 220.
[0053] The processor 170 will typically correspond to one or more
microprocessors known in the art and can be selected for increased
durability, fault tolerance and pressure resistance for underwater
operation, using various MIL-SPEC criteria known in the
military/naval equipment arts. Processor 170 will typically include
one or more modules or algorithms 190 for generating, conditioning
and controlling signals sent to and from the mouthpiece 10,
including signals corresponding to voice messages 102 as well as
controlling other operations to allow two way voice communication
by diver 200. Modules 190 may also be configured for computing,
monitoring and communicating various physiological data of the
diver, including for example, heart rate, respiration rate, blood
pressure, blood oxygen saturation and other blood gas measurements
(e.g., blood nitrogen). Processor 170 may also include other
modules 190 which use such data to determine if the diver is in a
state of physiologic stress (e.g., such as stress caused by low
blood oxygen levels, "hypoxia" or out gassing of nitrogen, causing
the "bends") or a precursor state which precedes or is otherwise
predictive of a state of physiological stress. When such a stress
state or precursor state of stress is detected, it may be
communicated by the first communication device 100 to a second
communicative device 110 to allow other individuals (such as those
on the dive boat or even those onshore) to monitor the diver(s) and
alert them when it is time to ascend and/or if diver requires
assistance.
[0054] In particular embodiments, PWE device 160 can comprise a
dive computer 160 or a related device that is carried or worn by
the diver and is configured to provide the diver various voice
messages 102 (also referred to as spoken messages 102) including
alerts, prompts and commands using mouthpiece 10 and acoustic
transducer 50. This can be achieved through the use of processor
170, audio signal generator 176, and one or more modules 190 that
are configured to generate and signal voice messages to the diver
in response to one or more conditions and/or as part of a voice
instruction set to the diver.
[0055] Referring to FIGS. 6d and 10, in various embodiments,
modules 190 can include a speech synthesis module 191 which
generates audio signals 51 corresponding to voices messages 102. In
use, such embodiments allow the diver to perform a number of tasks
and activities, including various mission critical tasks without
having the distraction of having to look at an instrument.
[0056] Speech synthesis module 191 can comprise various speech
synthesis algorithms known in the art. Additionally in various
embodiments, speech synthesis module 191 can include the capability
for generating audio signals 52, which correspond to a selected
spoken voice 103. Spoken voice 103 can include for example, the
diver's own voice, or another person's voice similar to that used
in aircraft navigation and control systems. One or both of modules
190 and 191 can include the capability for the diver 200 to record
specific voice messages 102 in their own voice or that of another
individual to allow module 191 to output those messages to the
diver 200 or another diver 210. Further, modules 190 and 191 may
also include the capability for the diver to record a sufficient
number of vocalizations (in their own voice or that of another
individual) to allow module 191 to generate any spoken message 102
and not just those spoken by the diver or other individual. The
techniques for generating voices 103 from such vocalizations can
include various algorithms known in the speech synthesis arts, for
example, various concatenation routines 192 using stored speech
units 193 derived from the speaker's (e.g., the divers)
vocalizations. Such routines can be embedded within the programming
of module 191 or they may be external.
[0057] In an additional or alternative embodiment, modules 190 and
191 can also include the ability for the diver to fine tune the
voice 103 to have selected acoustic properties (e.g., pitch,
volume, etc. to their liking). Such voice selection capability can
be achieved by the use of one or more algorithms incorporated into
module 191 such as a pitch variation algorithm 194, rate variation
algorithm 195 (and other adjustment algorithms known in the speech
synthesis arts), which adjust audio signals 51 to produce the
desired voice 103. In use, such embodiments allow the diver to
select a voice that they are most comfortable with and can more
easily hear, particularly underwater. In the latter case, device
160 and modules 190, and 191 can include the capability to allow
the diver to fine tune voice 103 while they are underwater with the
mouthpiece 10 in place. Accordingly, in various embodiments device
160 can include various user input devices or other user input
means 185 (e.g., knobs, touch screens, etc.) for making such
adjustments.
[0058] In addition to manual adjustment of voice 103, in various
embodiments device 160 can also include means for varying the
acoustical characteristics of voice 103 depending upon variations
in one or more conditions experienced by the divers so as to
maintain the diver's ability to hear voice messages 102 spoken by
voice 103. Such conditions can include ambient noise levels, depth,
water pressure and other like conditions. Accordingly module 191
can include one or more control algorithms 196 (e.g., PI, PID,
etc.) which operate using an input 197 which may comprise depth,
pressure, ambient noise, etc. For the case of ambient noise levels,
the input 197 can comprise signals 42 from microphone 40 or
microphones coupled to device 160. In use, such embodiments allow
the diver to continue to hear commands or other messages 102 from
voice 103 during changes in their depth and in ambient noises level
(e.g., from a passing boat) which may otherwise drown out or reduce
the acoustic fidelity of the voice. Module 191 can also adjust
voice 103 as well depending on the particular type of SCUBA 80,
mask and mouthpiece used by the diver to account for variations in
acoustical conduction and other acoustical characteristics.
[0059] Modules 191 can also be configured to modulate or otherwise
adjust voice 103 to account for reduced levels of conduction by
bone of higher acoustic frequencies. This can be accomplished for
example through the use of pitch variation routines 195 which
shifts the pitch of all or a portion of the frequency components of
voice 103 to lower frequencies (e.g., make voice 103 deeper). In an
additional approach for improving conduction through the bone of
the higher frequency components of voice message 102 or other
acoustic signals 52 various embodiments of the invention may use
high pass signal routines implemented in hardware (e.g., a high
pass filter coupled to an op-amp device) or in software by a module
198 running on one or both of processor 170 and 70. Such an
approach (either in hardware or software) amplifies the higher
frequency components of voice 103 or other acoustic signal 52 by a
selected gain which can vary depending upon the frequency (e.g.,
more gain for higher frequencies). In one approach, the amount of
the gain can be determined by doing sound conduction readings
through the divers' skull and/or taking bone density readings using
one or more bone densitometer instruments known in the art.
[0060] Device 160 can send signals 51 to mouthpiece 10 using a
variety of modalities. For example, in various embodiments, device
160 can send audio signals 51 containing modulating or otherwise
encoding a voice message 102 to mouthpiece 10 via wires 17, or
alternatively may do so wirelessly using a RF chip 96 or other
wireless communication device. In another embodiment, a second
device 160' not directly coupled to mouthpiece 10 can be used to
acoustically signal voice messages 102 to device 160 which is
operatively coupled to mouthpiece 10 either via wires 17 or through
use of RF communication devices 95 and 96.
[0061] As described above, various embodiments of the invention
which generate voice messages 102, for example using device 160,
allow the diver to perform a number of tasks and activities,
including various mission-critical tasks without having the
distraction of having to look at gauge or other instrument.
Further, voice messages 102 can include not just data such as
depth, remaining air, etc., but can include prompts for performing
one or more operations or tasks. For example, in one or more
embodiments, voice messages 102 can include spoken directions for
reaching a desired location, such as a dive site, or the location
of a dive boat or that of other divers. Specific commands in such
embodiments can include without limitation, "swim up," "swim down,"
"bear to the right," "bear to the left". This allows the diver to
navigate to such locations while looking at their surrounding
and/or when there is minimal lighting.
[0062] In one or more exemplary embodiments, dive computer 160 and
communication system 5 can be configured to provide the diver with
voice messages 102 in the form of prompts for making a controlled
ascent to the surface as to avoid the bends. Specifically, the dive
computer could provide voice prompts telling the diver one or more
of how long to remain at a particular depth during the ascent, what
depth he is at, how long he has been at the depth and how soon
before he can ascend to the next depth. The computer could also
provide the diver with voice updates providing information such as
their ascent rate and whether they need to stay longer or shorter
at a particular depth depending on conditions. In addition to
prompts and updates, the dive computer may also provide voice
instructions of the entire ascent plan in advance allowing the
diver to get a sense of the entire plan.
[0063] While in many embodiments, mouthpiece 10 is configured for
use with a SCUBA 80, in other embodiments, the mouthpiece can also
be configured for used with a snorkel or like apparatus, allowing a
snorkeler to have two way voice communication with another
snorkeler, diver 210 or surface ship 220. In such embodiments, the
entire communication system 5, including communication device 100
can be contained in the mouthpiece 10. Further, in such
embodiments, the coupling element 11 can be sized and shaped to
detachably connect to a standard sized snorkel, allowing the diver
to attach the mouthpiece 10 to an off the shelf commercial snorkel
and have a skin diving version of underwater communication system
5. In still other embodiments, mouthpiece 10 and communication
system 5 can be adapted for use with virtually any breathing
apparatus such as that used by fire and mine rescue personal, so as
to allow two way voice communications with such apparatus.
CONCLUSION
[0064] The foregoing description of various embodiments of the
invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and
description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the
precise forms disclosed. Many modifications, variations and
refinements will be apparent to practitioners skilled in the art.
For example, various embodiments of the communication system 5
including the mouthpiece 10 can be adapted for salt and fresh water
environments, as well as deep dives (e.g., 60 to 200 feet (18.29 to
60.96 meters)) and cold water environments. They may also be
adapted for use in closed circuit re-breathers in addition to
standard SCUBA equipment.
[0065] Elements, characteristics, or acts from one embodiment can
be readily recombined or substituted with one or more elements,
characteristics or acts from other embodiments to form numerous
additional embodiments within the scope of the invention. Moreover,
elements that are shown or described as being combined with other
elements, can, in various embodiments, exist as standalone
elements. Hence, the scope of the present invention is not limited
to the specifics of the described embodiments, but is instead
limited solely by the appended claims.
* * * * *