U.S. patent application number 15/570354 was filed with the patent office on 2018-05-17 for axial piston machine.
The applicant listed for this patent is Mahle International GmbH. Invention is credited to Michael Bucher, Christoph Fiala, Mirko Guenther, Michael Hoetger, Hannes Marlock, Berthold Repgen, Falk Schneider.
Application Number | 20180135413 15/570354 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 55910953 |
Filed Date | 2018-05-17 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180135413 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Bucher; Michael ; et
al. |
May 17, 2018 |
AXIAL PISTON MACHINE
Abstract
An axial piston machine may include a a housing having vapor,
cylinder chamber and wobble-plate chambers. The machine may have
cylinders arranged annularly around a shaft in the cylinder chamber
and having pistons arranged therein in a translationally movable
manner, a valve disk connected to the shaft in a rotationally fixed
manner and arranged in the vapor chamber, and a wobble plate
connected to one of the pistons via a cup and ball bearing and to
the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, the wobble plate being
arranged in the wobble-plate chamber. The housing may have
steam-chamber, cylinder, and wobble-plate housing parts connected
to one another. A cylinder sleeve having a radially protruding
collar may be provided in at least one cylinder, wherein the
cylinder sleeve may be retained via the collar in a cut-out in the
cylinder housing part, which may adjoin a parting plane between the
vapor-chamber and cylinder housing parts. The vapor chamber may be
closed off by a first cover, which may be connected to the
vapor-chamber housing part and which may be designed as a shaped
sheet-metal part.
Inventors: |
Bucher; Michael; (Berlin,
DE) ; Fiala; Christoph; (Potsdam, DE) ;
Guenther; Mirko; (Berlin, DE) ; Hoetger; Michael;
(Berlin, DE) ; Marlock; Hannes; (Leonberg, DE)
; Repgen; Berthold; (Plettenberg, DE) ; Schneider;
Falk; (Korntal-Muechingen, DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Mahle International GmbH |
Stuttgart |
|
DE |
|
|
Family ID: |
55910953 |
Appl. No.: |
15/570354 |
Filed: |
April 29, 2016 |
PCT Filed: |
April 29, 2016 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP2016/059693 |
371 Date: |
October 29, 2017 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F04B 27/10 20130101;
F01B 3/0002 20130101; F04B 53/166 20130101; F04B 53/168 20130101;
F04B 27/0882 20130101; F04B 39/126 20130101; F01B 3/007 20130101;
F04B 27/0886 20130101; F01B 17/04 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F01B 17/04 20060101
F01B017/04; F01B 3/00 20060101 F01B003/00; F04B 27/08 20060101
F04B027/08; F04B 27/10 20060101 F04B027/10; F04B 39/12 20060101
F04B039/12; F04B 53/16 20060101 F04B053/16 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Apr 29, 2015 |
DE |
10 2015 207 909.0 |
Claims
1. An axial piston machine, comprising: a housing having a vapor
chamber, a cylinder chamber and a wobble-plate chamber; cylinders
arranged annularly around a shaft in the cylinder chamber and
having pistons arranged therein in a translationally movable
manner; a valve disk connected to the shaft in a rotationally fixed
manner and arranged in the vapor chamber; a wobble plate connected
to one of the pistons via a cup and ball bearing and to the shaft
in a rotationally fixed manner, the wobble plate being arranged in
the wobble-plate chamber; wherein the housing has a steam-chamber
housing part, a cylinder housing part, and a wobble-plate housing
part connected to one another; wherein a cylinder sleeve having a
radially protruding collar is provided in at least one cylinder,
wherein the cylinder sleeve is retained by via the collar in a
cut-out in the cylinder housing part, which adjoins a parting plane
between the vapor-chamber housing part and the cylinder housing
part; and wherein the vapor chamber is closed off by a first cover,
which is connected to the vapor-chamber housing part and which is
designed as a shaped sheet-metal part.
2. The axial piston machine according to claim 1, wherein at least
one of: the cylinder sleeve is made of one of stainless steel or a
steel alloy with 3.20-3.50% by weight of C, 1.60-2.10% by weight of
Si, 0.60-0. 80% by weight of Mn, 0.35-0.50% by weight of P,
maximally 0.06% by weight of S, 0.20-0.40% by weight of Cr,
0.30-0.50% by weight of Mo, and iron for the remainder; and the
cylinder sleeve is provided with a coating configured to reduce at
least one of wear and friction.
3. The axial piston machine according to claim 1, wherein the
cylinder sleeve has at least two passage openings for discharging
steam and that communicate with corresponding discharge channels in
the cylinder housing part, wherein the discharge channels are
defined by the cylinder housing part and the cylinder sleeve.
4. The axial piston machine according to claim 3, wherein the
cylinder sleeve has at least a third passage opening, which serves
as auxiliary outlet and vents the cylinder in response to a
movement of the piston to an upper dead center position.
5. The axial piston machine according to claim 1, wherein the
wobble-plate chamber is closed off by a second cover, which is
designed as a shaped sheet-metal part.
6. The axial piston machine according to claim 1, wherein: the cup
and ball bearing has a cut-out protruding radially outwards; the
cylinder sleeve has a cut-out, which is open towards a front side
and in which the cut-out of the cup and ball bearing is guided in
terms of a lock against rotation; and the cup and ball bearing has
two sliding feet arranged adjacent to the cut-out of the cup and
ball bearing and supported on a guide bushing.
7. The axial piston machine according to claim 1, wherein at least
one of: at least one blind plug is provided for one of the
cylinders and is insertable into the one of the cylinders instead
of a cylinder sleeve and closes an inlet opening of the one of the
cylinders that faces the vapor chamber; and the cylinder sleeve is
designed in such a way that it provides for an at least partial
immersion of the wobble plate.
8. The axial piston machine according to claim 1, wherein the first
cover has projections embossed in a direction of the vapor chamber,
the projections reducing a volume of the vapor chamber.
9. The axial piston machine according to claim 1, wherein the first
cover has at least two connections for connecting a pressure sensor
or a temperature sensor to a flat front surface of the first
cover.
10. The axial piston machine according to claim 1, wherein at least
one of: a volume of the vapor chamber is between 30 and 100
cm.sup.3; a cross sectional area of an inlet into the vapor chamber
is between 78 mm.sup.2 and 200 mm; and a displaced volume of the
cylinder is between 25 cm.sup.3 and 75 cm.sup.3.
11. The axial piston machine according to claim 1, further
comprising ribs arranged in the wobble-plate housing part.
12. The axial piston machine according to claim 11, wherein the
wobble-plate housing part together with the ribs is designed as an
integral cast part.
13. The axial piston machine according to claim 6, wherein the
guide bushing includes a cut-out, which is only open between the
cylinder housing part and the wobble-plate housing part, is
arranged in the wobble-plate housing part, and into which the
cut-out of the cup and ball bearing dips.
14. The axial piston machine according to claim 13, wherein the
guide bushing is made of stainless steel.
15. The axial piston machine according to claim 13, wherein the
guide bushing has a radially protruding collar that retains the
guide bushing in a separating plane between the cylinder housing
part and the wobble-plate housing part.
16. The axial piston machine according to claim 1, wherein at least
one of the housing parts has a corrosion protection layer on an
inner side.
17. The axial piston machine according to claim 1, further
comprising an insulating element, which surrounds at least the
vapor chamber by forming an air gap.
18. The axial piston machine according to claim 17, wherein the
insulating element is screwed to the vapor-chamber housing
part.
19. A heat recovery system in a motor vehicle comprising an axial
piston machine including: a housing having a vapor chamber, a
cylinder chamber and a wobble-plate chamber; cylinders arranged
annularly around a shaft in the cylinder chamber and having pistons
arranged therein in a translationally movable manner; a valve disk
connected to the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner and arranged
in the vapor chamber; a wobble plate connected to one of the
pistons via a cup and ball bearing and to the shaft in a
rotationally fixed manner, the wobble plate being arranged in the
wobble-plate chamber; wherein the housing has a steam-chamber
housing part, a cylinder housing part, and a wobble-plate housing
part connected to one another; wherein a cylinder sleeve having a
radially protruding collar is provided in at least one cylinder,
wherein the cylinder sleeve is retained via the collar in a cut-out
in the cylinder housing part, which adjoins a parting plane between
the vapor-chamber housing part and the cylinder housing part; and
wherein the vapor chamber is closed off by a first cover, which is
connected to the vapor-chamber housing part and which is designed
as a shaped sheet-metal part.
20. An axial piston machine comprising: a housing having a vapor
chamber, a cylinder chamber and a wobble-plate chamber; cylinders
arranged annularly around a shaft in the cylinder chamber and
having pistons arranged therein in a translationally movable
manner; a valve disk connected to the shaft in a rotationally fixed
manner and arranged in the vapor chamber; a wobble plate connected
to one of the pistons via a cup and ball bearing and to the shaft
in a rotationally fixed manner, the wobble plate being arranged in
the wobble-plate chamber; wherein the housing has a steam-chamber
housing part, a cylinder housing part, and a wobble-plate housing
part connected to one another; wherein a cylinder sleeve having a
radially protruding collar is provided in at least one cylinder,
wherein the cylinder sleeve is retained via the collar in a cut-out
in the cylinder housing part, which adjoins a parting plane between
the vapor-chamber housing part and the cylinder housing part;
wherein the vapor chamber is closed off by a first cover, which is
connected to the vapor-chamber housing part and which is designed
as a shaped sheet-metal part; wherein the cup and ball bearing has
a cut-out protruding radially outwards; wherein the cylinder sleeve
has a cut-out, which is open towards a front side and in which the
cut-out of the cup and ball bearing is guided in terms of a lock
against rotation; and the cup and ball bearing has two sliding feet
arranged adjacent to the cut-out of the cup and ball bearing and
supported on a guide bushing.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to International Patent
Application No. PCT/EP2016/059693, filed on Apr. 29, 2016, and
German Patent Application No. DE 10 2015 207 909.0, filed on Apr.
29, 2015, the contents of both of which are incorporated herein by
reference in their entireties.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present invention relates to an axial piston machine
comprising a housing, in which a vapor chamber, a cylinder chamber
and a wobble-plate chamber are provided. Moreover, the invention
relates to a heat recovery system in a motor vehicle comprising at
least one such axial piston machine.
BACKGROUND
[0003] A plurality of generic axial piston machines comprising a
housing is known from the prior art, in which a vapor chamber, a
cylinder chamber as well as a wobble-plate chamber are provided. A
rotor comprising a shaft as well as the wobble plate arranged
thereon in a rotationally fixed manner and a valve disk, which is
also connected to the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, are
also arranged in the housing. The wobble plate, which is in each
case coupled to one of the pistons via a cup and ball bearing and
which is coupled to the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, is
arranged in the wobble-plate chamber itself. Such axial piston
machines are in particular used in so-called heat recovery systems
in motor vehicles, in which they convert thermal energy into
mechanical energy.
[0004] However, the comparatively extensive and expensive
production is a disadvantage of the piston machine known from the
prior art.
[0005] The invention at hand thus deals with the problem of
specifying an improved or at least an alternative embodiment for an
axial piston machine of the generic type, which is characterized in
particular by a structurally simple and cost-efficient
production.
[0006] According to the invention, this problem is solved by means
of the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous
embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.
SUMMARY
[0007] The present invention is based on the general idea of now
embodying a housing of an axial piston machine, which is
comparatively extensive and thus expensive to produce until now, in
several parts and to thus disentangle the extremely complex
production process. In a known manner, the axial piston machine
according to the invention thereby has a housing, in which a vapor
chamber, a cylinder chamber and a wobble-plate chamber are
arranged. Cylinders, in which pistons are arranged in a
translationally movable manner, are provided annularly around a
shaft in the cylinder chamber. A valve disk, which is connected to
the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner and which connects the
vapor chamber so as to communicate with one of the cylinders or
separates it therefrom, depending on the rotational position of the
vapor chamber, is arranged in the vapor chamber itself. A wobble
plate, which is connected to one of the pistons via a cup and ball
bearing each and which is coupled to the shaft in a rotationally
fixed manner, is arranged in the wobble-plate chamber. According to
the invention, the housing now has a steam-chamber housing part, a
cylinder housing part and a wobble-plate housing part, which are
connected to one another. Moreover, a cylinder sleeve comprising a
radially protruding collar is provided in at least one cylinder,
wherein the cylinder sleeve is retained by means of its collar in a
cut-out in the cylinder housing part, which adjoins a parting plane
between the vapor-chamber housing part and the cylinder housing
part. The vapor chamber itself is closed by means of a first cover,
which is connected to the vapor-chamber housing part and which is
designed as a shaped sheet-metal part. By means of the at least
three housing parts, which, in the mounted state, form the housing
of the axial piston machine, the individual housing parts can be
produced in a simpler and more lightweight manner, wherein an
insertion of the cylinder sleeve into the cylinder is additionally
possible from the vapor-chamber housing part. By means of the
cylinder sleeve, which is inserted into the respective cylinders,
the load capacity of the axial piston machine according to the
invention can be increased significantly and the production effort
thereof can be reduced significantly, because an individual
post-processing of the cylinder tracks, which can only be
accomplished with difficulties in the case of the housings, which
have been provided to date, can now be forgone completely. Via the
first cover, by means of which the vapor chamber can be closed off,
a cover, which has been formed integrally with the vapor-chamber
housing part until now, can also be forgone, whereby the production
can be simplified, in turn. By designing the first cover as shaped
sheet-metal part, this cover can moreover not only be designed in a
more cost-efficient manner, but also thinner, because such a shaped
sheet-metal part is able to reliably bear higher forces, as
compared to a cover, for example, which is designed as a cast part.
By segmenting the housing into the individual housing parts, in
particular a comparatively simple and, associated therewith, a
cost-efficient production of the individual housing parts and, via
the latter, of the entire housing, is thus also possible.
[0008] In the case of an advantageous further development of the
solution according to the invention, the cylinder sleeve is made of
stainless steel. Such a cylinder sleeve made of stainless steel is
in particular wear- and corrosion-resistant, whereby a permanent
use in an axial piston machine, which is driven by means of steam,
is feasible without any problems. As an alternative to this, the
cylinder sleeve can also be made of a steel alloy with the
following components, 3.20-3.50% by weight of C, 1.60-2.10% by
weight of Si, 0.60-0.80% by weight of Mn, 0.35-0.50% by weight of
P, maximally 0.06% by weight of S, 0.20-0.40% by weight of Cr,
0.30-0.50% by weight of Mo and iron for the remainder.
[0009] In the case of a further advantageous embodiment of the
solution according to the invention, the wobble-plate chamber is
closed off by a second cover, which is designed as shaped
sheet-metal part. Analogous to the first cover, which is designed
as shaped sheet-metal part and which, together with the
vapor-chamber housing part, defines the vapor chamber, the
wobble-plate chamber can thus also be closed off by means of such a
cover on the axially opposite side, which also contributes to
designing the wobble-plate housing part more cost-efficiently and
more easily here.
[0010] In the case of an advantageous further development of the
solution according to the invention, the cup and ball bearing, via
which the individual pistons of the axial piston machine are
connected to the wobble plate, has a collar, which protrudes
radially outwards. The cylinder sleeve, in turn, has a cut-out,
which is open towards the front side and into which the cut-out of
the cup and ball bearing, which protrudes radially outwards, can
dip. Provision is moreover made on the cup and ball bearing itself
for two sliding feet, which are arranged adjacent to the cut-out
and which are supported on the guide bushing. An exact
translational adjustment of the respective cup and ball bearing can
be forced by means of such an embodiment, because said cup and ball
bearing is guided via its cut-out, which protrudes radially
outwards, in the cylinder sleeve-side cut-out. The guide can
thereby be supplemented in that a guide bushing comprising a
cut-out, which is only open between the cylinder housing part and
the wobble-plate housing part, is arranged in the wobble-plate
housing part, wherein the cut-out of the cup and ball bearing,
which protrudes radially outwards, is also guided in this cut-out
in terms of a lock against rotation. The cut-out of the cylinder
sleeve and the cut-out of the guide bushing thus form the entire
guide track for the cut-out of the cup and ball bearing, which
protrudes radially outwards.
[0011] Advantageously, provision is made for at least one blind
plug for one of the cylinders, which can be inserted into one of
the cylinders instead of a cylinder sleeve and which closes the
inlet opening thereof, which faces the vapor chamber. A power
reduction of the axial piston machine according to the invention
can hereby in particular be attained in a comparatively simple
manner, because not all cylinders are used to generate power any
longer, but only those, which are not closed by such a blind plug.
By selecting the number of the used blind plugs, the respectively
desired power of the axial piston machine can thus be influenced
individually.
[0012] In the case of an advantageous further development of the
solution according to the invention, the first cover has
projections, which are embossed in the direction of the vapor
chamber, which reduce the volume of the vapor chamber. The volume
in the vapor chamber itself can be dimensioned exactly via these
projections, which can also be used as reinforcement for the cover,
whereby tests have shown that in particular a coordination, for
example of the volume of the vapor chamber, of a displaced volume
of a cylinder, as well as of a cross section of an inlet into the
vapor chamber, has a significant influence on the efficiency of the
axial piston machine. Particularly preferably, the volume of the
vapor chamber is thereby between 30 cm.sup.3 and 100 cm.sup.3,
while a cross section of an inlet into the vapor chamber is between
78 mm.sup.2 and 200 mm.sup.2. The displaced volume of the cylinder
is between 25 cm.sup.3 and 75 cm.sup.3. This applies in particular
for an axial piston machine comprising six cylinders. The three
above-mentioned variables, thus the volume of the vapor chamber,
the cross section of the inlet and the displacement volume of the
cylinder, are thereby dependent on one another and thus do not only
determine the efficiency, but also the response behavior of the
axial piston machine significantly. In order to be able to obtain a
response behavior, which is as quick as possible, the working
chamber should have as little dead volume as possible. So that
pressure fluctuations nonetheless do not result in the case of
reduced steam volume in the working chamber, the inlet needs to be
chosen to be correspondingly large. The quick provision of steam
thereby also has a positive effect on a quick response behavior of
the axial piston machine. The displaced volume of a cylinder
thereby determines the required amount of steam per actuation.
Moreover, the volume of the vapor chamber is also linked to the
speed of the rotor, which determines the number of actuations per
time. Optimal conditions both with regard to the response behavior
and also with regard to the efficiency can be obtained thereby
within the above-mentioned ranges of the volume of the vapor
chamber, of the cross section of the inlet, and of the displaced
volume of the cylinder.
[0013] In the case of a further advantageous embodiment of the
solution according to the invention, the first cover has at least
two connections for connecting in particular a pressure sensor or a
temperature sensor, which are attached to a flat front surface of
the first cover. A small sealing surface and a comparatively simple
mounting can be obtained by arranging the connections on the flat
surface of the first cover.
[0014] In the case of an advantageous embodiment of the solution
according to the invention, partial ribs are arranged on the
wobble-plate housing, wherein these ribs, for example together with
the wobble-plate housing part, can be designed as integral cast
part. The ribs themselves can thereby serve as reinforcement or
also to enlarge the surface, whereby an improved cooling can be
obtained. This cooling effect is in particular desired in the area
of the wobble-plate housing, all the way to the discharge
channels.
[0015] In the case of a further advantageous embodiment of the
solution according to the invention, at least one of the housing
parts has a corrosion-protection layer on an inner side. By means
of such a corrosion-protection layer, in particular a corrosion
process, triggered by the vapor used in the axial piston machine to
drive the latter, can at least be reduced. In addition or in the
alternative, provision can also be made for an insulating element,
in particular a so-called insulating plate, which surrounds at
least the vapor chamber, preferably also the cylinder chamber all
the way to the outlets, by forming an air gap. By means of such an
insulating element, an insulating layer of air can be created in
particular around the vapor chamber, whereby the steam remains hot
for a longer period of time in the vapor chamber itself, and a
comparatively high efficiency can thus be obtained.
[0016] Further important features and advantages of the invention
follow from the subclaims, from the drawings, and from the
corresponding figure description by means of the drawings.
[0017] It goes without saying that the above-mentioned features and
the features, which will still be discussed below, cannot only be
used in the respectively specified combination, but also in other
combinations or alone, without leaving the scope of the invention
at hand.
[0018] Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are
illustrated in the drawings and will be discussed in more detail in
the description below, whereby the same reference numerals refer to
the same or to similar or functionally identical components.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] In each case schematically,
[0020] FIG. 1 shows a sectional illustration through an axial
piston machine according to the invention,
[0021] FIG. 2 shows a sectional illustration along the sectional
plane A-A,
[0022] FIG. 3 shows a sectional illustration through the axial
piston machine comprising passage openings arranged at different
heights,
[0023] FIG. 4 shows a sectional illustration through the axial
piston machine comprising an inclined valve disk opening,
[0024] FIG. 5 shows a sectional illustration through a horizontal
axial piston machine comprising a lubrication line in a
high-pressure area,
[0025] FIG. 6 shows a sectional illustration through a horizontal
axial piston machine comprising a lubrication line in a
low-pressure area.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] According to FIGS. 1 and 3 to 6, an axial piston machine 1
according to the invention, which can for example be part of a heat
recovery system 2 in a motor vehicle, which is not illustrated in
detail, has a housing 3, in which a vapor chamber 4, a cylinder
chamber 5 and a wobble-plate chamber 6 are provided. Cylinders 8,
in which pistons 9 are arranged in a translationally movable
manner, are provided annularly around a shaft 7 in the cylinder
chamber 5. A valve disk 10, which is connected to the shaft 7 in a
rotationally fixed manner, is arranged in turn in the vapor chamber
4, comprising a valve disk opening 11, which, in the illustration
shown according to FIG. 1, is arranged so as to be aligned with an
inlet opening 12 of the respective cylinder 8, depending on the
angle of rotation. In this state, steam stored in the vapor chamber
4 can flow via the valve disk opening 11 and the inlet opening 12
into the corresponding cylinder 8 and can press down the piston 9
located therein. A wobble plate 14, which is connected to one of
the pistons 9 via a cup and ball bearing 13 each and which is
coupled to the shaft 7 in a rotationally fixed manner, is arranged
in the wobble-plate chamber 6. Each cup and ball bearing 13 thereby
has a sliding block, which has two sliding block halves. According
to the invention, the housing 3 now has a vapor-chamber housing
part 15, a cylinder housing part 16 and a wobble-plate housing part
17, which are connected to one another and, together, form the
housing 3. Moreover, a cylinder sleeve 18 comprising a radially
protruding collar 19 is provided in at least one of the cylinders
8, wherein the cylinder sleeve 18 is retained by means of its
collar 19 in a cut-out 21 in the cylinder housing part 16, which
adjoins a parting plane 20 between the vapor-chamber housing part
15 and the cylinder housing part 16. Moreover, the vapor chamber 4
is closed off by means of a first cover 24, which is connected to
the vapor-chamber housing part 15, for example screwed together,
and which is designed as a shaped sheet-metal part. This makes it
possible to insert the cylinder sleeve 18 into the cylinder 8 from
the vapor-chamber side and to subsequently attach the vapor-chamber
housing part 15. By means of the multi-part design of the housing 3
according to the invention, it can be made in a simpler and more
cost-efficient manner than for example a one-part or even integral
housing used to date in this context.
[0027] The cylinder sleeve 18 can thereby be made of stainless
steel and can thus not only have a comparatively high wear
resistance, but also an insensitivity to corrosion, which is highly
advantageous in particular for the axial piston machine 1, which is
operated by means of steam. In addition or in the alternative, the
cylinder sleeve 18 can also be provided with a coating, in
particular a polymer coating or a DLC coating, which reduces the
wear and/or the friction. Moreover, the cylinder sleeve 18 can be
designed in such a way that an at least partial immersion of the
wobble plate 14 is made possible. In particular a more compact
design can be obtained through this.
[0028] When taking a closer look at the cylinder sleeve 18, it can
be seen that the latter has at least two passage openings 22 and
22' in the area of a lower dead center of the piston 9, via which
steam can be discharged. The passage openings 22, 22' thereby
communicate with a respectively corresponding discharge channel 23,
23', lead into the wobble-disk chamber 6 and are defined by the
cylinder housing part 16 on the one side and the cylinder sleeve 18
on the other side. Moreover, the cylinder sleeve 18 preferably has
at least a third passage opening 38, which serves as auxiliary
outlet and vents the cylinder 8 in response to a movement of the
piston 9 to the upper dead center (OT).
[0029] Downwards, the wobble-plate chamber 6 is closed off by a
second cover 24', which is designed as shaped sheet-metal part and
which is illustrated in FIG. 2.
[0030] When taking a closer look at FIG. 1, it can be seen that the
cup and ball bearing 13 has a cut-off 25, which protrudes radially
outwards, the cylinder sleeve 18 has a cut-out 26, which is open
towards the front side, that is, towards the bottom in the
following example, into which the cut-out 25 can dip. Moreover, two
sliding feet 27, 27', which are arranged adjacent to the cut-out 25
and which are supported on the guide bushing 33, are arranged on
the cup and ball bearing 13, as can be seen from FIG. 2. The
cut-out 26 in the cylinder sleeve 18 is thereby preferably arranged
in the area of the discharge channel 23 and can also be guided
therein. In addition, the guide sleeve 18 can also be designed in
such a way that the wobble plate 14 can dip in. The cut-outs 26,
the passage openings as well as further areas of the cylinder
sleeve 18 can be rounded in a hydro-erosive manner.
[0031] Moreover, provision can be made for at least one blind plug
28 for one of the cylinders 8, which can be inserted into the
cylinder 8 instead of a cylinder sleeve 18 and which closes the
inlet opening 12 facing the vapor chamber 4, as it is illustrated
according to FIG. 1. The efficiency of the axial piston machine 1
can be regulated via the variation of the number of the blind plugs
28 in a comparatively simple manner.
[0032] When taking a closer look at the first cover 24, it can be
seen that the latter is embodied so as to be substantially flat and
has projections 29 embossed in the direction of the vapor chamber
4, which reduce the volume of the vapor chamber 4 and effect an
additional reinforcement of the first cover 24. By providing
corresponding projections 29, the volume of the vapor chamber 4 can
also be determined exactly by means of a simple design of the first
cover 24.
[0033] A volume of the vapor chamber 4 of between 30 cm.sup.3 and
100 cm.sup.3, a cross section of an inlet 30 of between 78 mm.sup.2
and 200 mm.sup.2 as well as a displaced volume of a cylinder 8 of
between 25 cm.sup.3 and 75 cm.sup.3 has proven to be particularly
advantageous. The three above-mentioned variables, that is, the
volume of the vapor chamber 4, the cross section of the inlet 30
and the displacement volume of the cylinder 8, are thereby
dependent on one another and thus determine the response behavior
of the axial piston machine 1 as well as the efficiency thereof
significantly. The working chamber should thereby have as little
dead volume as possible, in order to improve the response behavior.
So that pressure fluctuations nonetheless do not result in the case
of reduced vapor volume in the working chamber, the inlet needs to
be chosen correspondingly large. It goes without saying that the
volume of the travel of the piston 9 then determines the required
amount per actuation. In addition, this is then also linked to the
speed, which determines the number of actuations per time. A large
vapor chamber 4 would be ideal for a quick actuation, because
sufficient steam is then always present and because pressure
fluctuations do not result.
[0034] When taking a closer look at FIGS. 1 and 2, it can be seen
that ribs 32 are arranged on the wobble-plate housing part 17,
wherein the wobble-plate housing part 17 together with the ribs 32
could for example be designed as integral cast part. The ribs 32
thereby do not only reinforce the wobble-plate housing part 17, but
also enlarge the surface thereof to the outside and thus effect an
improved cooling. The integral embodiment of the ribs 32 with the
wobble-plate housing part 17 allows for the cost-efficient
production thereof.
[0035] Provision can moreover be made in the wobble-plate housing
part 17 for a guide bushing 33 comprising a cut-out 26', which is
open only between the cylinder housing part 16 and the wobble-plate
housing part 17 and into which the cut-out 25 dips. The guide
bushing 33 can thereby also be made of stainless steel and can thus
be designed to be wear-resistant as well as corrosion resistant.
Particularly advantageously, it can also be provided with a
friction and/or wear-reducing coating. In the mounted state, the
cut-out 26' of the guide bushing 33 is thereby aligned with the
cut-out 26 of the cylinder bushing 18 and thus forms a guide track
for the cut-out 25 of the cup and ball bearing 13, which protrudes
radially outwards.
[0036] To be able to also reliably mount the guide bushing 33 in
the housing 3 of the axial piston machine 1, said guide bushing has
a radially protruding collar 19', via which it is retained in a
separating plane 20' between the cylinder housing part 16 and the
wobble-plate housing part 17. For mounting purposes, the guide
bushing 33 is thereby inserted into the wobble-plate housing 17
from the top (based on FIG. 1), until it comes to rest in the
separating plane 20' with its collar 19'.
[0037] On an inner side, at least one of the housing parts 15, 16,
17 can additionally have a corrosion protection layer 34, by means
of which the corrosion resistance can also be increased.
[0038] When taking a closer look at FIG. 1 once again, an
insulating element 35, in particular an insulating plate, can be
seen, which surrounds and thus insulates at least the vapor chamber
4 and, in the case at hand, additionally also the cylinder chamber
5 by forming an air gap 36. Cooling down the steam too quickly in
the vapor chamber 4 connected with the loss of efficiency
associated therewith can be prevented through this. The insulating
element 35 can be fixed to the housing 3, in particular to the
cover 24, for example by means of a screw connection. At least two
connections 37 and 37' for connecting a measuring sensor system, in
particular for connecting a pressure sensor and/or a temperature
sensor, which are in particular arranged in the area of a flat
front surface of the first cover 24, can moreover be arranged on
the first cover 24. A flat sealing surface, which can be sealed
simply or easily, can be provided through this.
[0039] When looking at the axial piston machine 1 of FIG. 3, it can
be seen that the passage openings 22, 22' thereof are arranged at
different heights. Discharge channels 23 comprising subsequent
lubricating points 42 can preferably be opened by means of the
different height arrangement of the outlet slots (passage openings)
and can thus be provided with more exhaust steam with oil. In FIG.
3, the inner right passage opening 22', for example, opens a little
earlier, so that the exhaust steam with oil preferably flows
inwards and for example the cup and ball bearing 13 as well as the
wobble disk 14 can be lubricated.
[0040] FIG. 4 shows a sectional illustration through the axial
piston machine 1 comprising an inclined valve disk opening 11, by
means of which it can be obtained that oil flowing to the outside
as a result of the centrifugal force (arrow) accumulates in the
collecting area 44, can be directed onto the underside of the valve
disk 10, and thus reaches the contact surfaces to the inlet valve
seat. One or a plurality of holes can thereby be arranged in the
valve disk 10. The valve disk opening 11 can also take over the
function of cut-out 39, which can be seen on the left, for the mass
balancing.
[0041] FIG. 5 shows a sectional illustration through a horizontal
axial piston machine 1 comprising a lubrication line 40 in a high
pressure area 41. Depending on the installation position of the
axial piston machine 1, the lubrication line 40 needs to be
installed in such a way that it leads from the collecting area 44,
in which the oil drops collect, to the lubricating points 42, here
a sealing sleeve 43. In the section, the lubrication line 40 is
thereby drawn so as to lead through the inlet opening 12, which is
to only serve to clarify the line routing. It goes without saying
that, in reality, the lubrication line 40 does not cross the inlet
opening 12. The pressure difference from the vapor chamber 4 to the
surface above the sealing sleeve 41 is the driving force. Ideally,
the lubrication line 40 can be designed as bead in the
vapor-chamber housing part 15. The collection areas 44 for oil
drops (by means of centrifugal force and or gravity) are thereby
positioned in such a way that it can flow from there through the
lubrication line 40 to locations 42 in the high-pressure area 41,
which are to be lubricated and/or sealed.
[0042] Finally, FIG. 6 shows a sectional illustration through an
axial piston machine 1, which is also horizontal, comprising a
lubrication line 40 in a low-pressure area 45. The collection areas
44 for oil drops (by means of centrifugal force and or gravity) are
thereby positioned in such a way that that it can flow from there
through the lubrication line 40 to locations 42 in the low-pressure
area 45, which are to be lubricated and/or sealed. Depending on the
installation position of the axial piston machine 1, the
lubrication line 40 needs to be installed in such a way that it
leads from the collecting area 44, in which the oil drops collect,
to the lubricating points 42 in the low-pressure area 45. The
pressure difference from the vapor chamber 4 to the evaporation
area is the driving force. A flow restrictor 46 can be installed in
order to prevent steam from flowing through the lubrication line
40, when no oil is located therein.
[0043] A particularly simple and thus also cost-efficiently
constructed axial piston machine 1 can be realized by means of the
axial piston machine 1 according to the invention, which, due to
the housing, which is designed in several parts, is also extremely
flexible, in particular with regard to a possible adaptation.
Moreover, it is a large advantage that, by means of the first cover
24, which is designed as cast part, the vapor-chamber housing part
15 can also be designed more easily and more cost-efficiently as
compared to common housing parts installed therein.
* * * * *