U.S. patent application number 15/333912 was filed with the patent office on 2018-04-26 for golf club head having micro-vortex generators.
The applicant listed for this patent is Wilson Sporting Goods Co.. Invention is credited to Richard P. Hulock, Mark A. Kerscher, Kevin W. Mayoux, Mark A. Spencer, Michael D. Vrska, JR..
Application Number | 20180111025 15/333912 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 61970931 |
Filed Date | 2018-04-26 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180111025 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Vrska, JR.; Michael D. ; et
al. |
April 26, 2018 |
GOLF CLUB HEAD HAVING MICRO-VORTEX GENERATORS
Abstract
A golf club head may comprise a hosel portion, a front strike
face, a sole, a crown and micro-vortex generators projecting from a
surface of the crown. The micro-vortex generators may comprise a
first elongated micro-vortex generator angled with respect to the
front strike face and a second elongated micro-vortex generator
having a front end rearward of the first micro-vortex
generator.
Inventors: |
Vrska, JR.; Michael D.;
(Mundelein, IL) ; Hulock; Richard P.; (North
Aurora, IL) ; Kerscher; Mark A.; (Chicago, IL)
; Mayoux; Kevin W.; (Chicago, IL) ; Spencer; Mark
A.; (Chicago, IL) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Wilson Sporting Goods Co. |
Chicago |
IL |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
61970931 |
Appl. No.: |
15/333912 |
Filed: |
October 25, 2016 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B 60/006 20200801;
A63B 53/0408 20200801; A63B 53/0466 20130101; A63B 53/0437
20200801 |
International
Class: |
A63B 53/04 20060101
A63B053/04 |
Claims
1. A golf club head comprising: a hosel portion; a front strike
face; a sole; a crown; and micro-vortex generators projecting from
a surface of the crown, the micro-vortex generators comprising: a
first elongated micro-vortex generator angled with respect to the
front strike face; and a second elongated micro-vortex generator
having a front end rearward of the first micro-vortex generator,
wherein the micro-vortex generators comprise: a first curvilinear
row of micro-vortex generators, comprising the first elongated
micro-vortex generator, having a first concave side facing a rear
of the crown; and a second curvilinear row of micro-vortex
generators, comprising the second elongated micro-vortex generator,
having a second concave side facing the rear of the crown.
2. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the first elongated
micro-vortex generator extends at a first angle with respect to the
front strike face and wherein second elongated micro-vortex
generator extends at a second angle, different than the first
angle, with respect to the front strike face.
3. The golf club head of claim 2, wherein the second elongated
micro-vortex generator is to receive airflow from the first
elongated micro-vortex generator and to redirect the received
airflow.
4. (canceled)
5. The golf club head of claim 1 further comprising a third
curvilinear row of micro-vortex generators having a third concave
side facing the rear of the crown.
6. The golf club head of claim 5, wherein the first elongated
micro-vortex generator extends parallel to a longitudinal vertical
plane extending through the golf club head perpendicular to the
front strike face and wherein each remaining elongated micro-vortex
generator of the first curvilinear row of micro-vortex generators
is rearwardly angled towards the longitudinal vertical plane.
7. The golf club head of claim 6, wherein the second curvilinear
row of micro-vortex generators comprises individual micro-vortex
generators rearwardly angled away from the longitudinal vertical
plane.
8. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the third curvilinear row
of micro-vortex generators comprises individual micro-vortex
generators transversely staggered with respect to individual
micro-vortex generators of the first curvilinear row of
micro-vortex generators.
9. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein each of the micro-vortex
generators has a first end proximate the strike face that projects
a first distance from the surface of the crown and a second end
distant the strike face that projects a second distance, last than
the first distance, from the surface of the crown.
10. The golf club head of claim 9, wherein each of the micro-vortex
generators has a sharp upper edge.
11. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the micro-vortex
generators are contained within a projection region covering at
least 20% and no greater than 70% of a total surface area of the
crown.
12. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the micro-vortex
generators collectively have a surface area of at least 5% to no
greater than 30% of a total surface area of the crown.
13. The golf club head of claim 12, wherein the collective surface
area of the micro-vortex generators have a micro-vortex generator
packing density within the range of 2 to 50 percent.
14. A golf club head comprising: a hosel portion; a front strike
face; a sole; a crown; and micro-vortex generators projecting from
a surface of the crown, the micro-vortex generators comprising: a
first elongated micro-vortex generator angled with respect to the
front strike face; and a second elongated micro-vortex generator
having a front end rearward of the first micro-vortex generator,
wherein the micro-vortex generators comprise a first curvilinear
row of micro-vortex generators having a concave side facing a rear
of the crown, wherein individual micro-vortex generators of the
first curvilinear row have progressively greater angles with
respect to a longitudinal vertical plane, extending through the
golf club head perpendicular to the strike face, as the individual
micro-vortex generators become further transversely spaced from the
longitudinal vertical plane.
15. (canceled)
16. A golf club head comprising: a hosel portion; a front strike
face; a sole; a crown; and micro-vortex generators projecting from
a surface of the crown, the micro-vortex generators comprising: a
first elongated micro-vortex generator angled with respect to the
front strike face; and a second elongated micro-vortex generator
having a front end rearward of the first micro-vortex generator,
wherein the micro-vortex generators comprise: a first non-linear
row of micro-vortex generators; and a second non-linear row of
micro-vortex generators rearward the first non-linear row, wherein
individual micro-vortex generators of the second non-linear row are
transversely staggered with respect to individual micro-vortex
generators of the first non-linear row.
17. The golf club head of claim 16, wherein the micro-vortex
generators have an increased density proximate the hosel
region.
18. (canceled)
19. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein each of the micro-vortex
generators projects from the surface of the crown by less than
0.100 inches.
20. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the micro-vortex
generators comprising elongated individual micro-vortex generators
having a front end proximate the strike face, a rear end distant
the strike face and an upper edge spaced no greater than 0.100
inches above the surface of the crown, the upper edge forwardly
sloping towards the surface of the crown.
21. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the crown has an apex
and wherein the micro-vortex generators are located rearward of the
apex.
22. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the micro-vortex
generators decrease aerodynamic drag by at least 20%.
23. (canceled)
24. A golf club head comprising: a hosel portion; a front strike
face; a sole; a crown; and micro-vortex generators projecting from
a surface of the crown, the micro-vortex generators comprising: a
first elongated micro-vortex generator angled with respect to the
front strike face; and a second elongated micro-vortex generator
having a front end rearward of the first micro-vortex generator,
wherein the first elongated micro-vortex generator extends at a
first angle with respect to the front strike face and wherein
second elongated micro-vortex generator extends at a second angle,
different than the first angle, with respect to the front strike
face.
25. The golf club head of claim 24, wherein the second elongated
micro-vortex generator is to receive airflow from the first
elongated micro-vortex generator and to redirect the received
airflow.
Description
BACKGROUND
[0001] During a swing of a golf club, whether it be a driver, a
fairway wood or a hybrid club, air flows over the golf club head.
This airflow separates from the golf club head, creating drag. Such
drag reduces club head velocity during a swing which may lower the
velocity of a golf ball being struck by the golf club head. As a
result, the trajectory of the golf ball and the distance of the
golf shot are reduced.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0002] FIG. 1 is a fragmentary front view of an example golf club
having an example golf club head with example schematically
illustrated micro-vortex generators.
[0003] FIG. 2 is a top view of the example golf club head of FIG. 1
illustrating an example micro-vortex generation regions and example
airflow across a golf club head during an example golf swing.
[0004] FIG. 3 is a heel side view of the example golf club head of
FIG. 2 during the example golf swing.
[0005] FIG. 4 is a fragmentary front view of an example golf club
head having example micro-vortex generators.
[0006] FIG. 5 is a fragmentary side view of the example golf club
head of FIG. 4.
[0007] FIG. 6 is a fragmentary front view of an example golf club
head having example micro-vortex generators.
[0008] FIG. 7 is a fragmentary side view of the example golf club
head of FIG. 6.
[0009] FIG. 8 is a top view of an example golf club head having
example micro-vortex generators.
[0010] FIG. 9 is a top view of an example golf club head having
example micro-vortex generators.
[0011] FIG. 10 is a top view of an example golf club head having
example micro-vortex generators.
[0012] FIG. 11 is a top perspective view of an example individual
micro-vortex generator of the golf club head of FIG. 10.
[0013] FIG. 12 is a rear top perspective view of an example golf
club head having example micro-vortex generators.
[0014] FIG. 13 is a sectional view of the example golf club head of
FIG. 12.
[0015] FIGS. 14A-14F our time lapse views of a first example golf
club head lacking micro-vortex generators and of a second example
golf club head identical to the first example golf club head but
for the addition of micro-vortex generators, the views illustrating
airflow across a crown of each of the example golf club heads.
[0016] FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a wake area of aerodynamic
drag during a swing of an example golf club head having a profile
shown in broken lines in FIG. 13.
[0017] FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a wake area of aerodynamic
drag during a swing of the example golf club head shown in FIG. 14
and lacking micro-vortex generators.
[0018] FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a wake area of aerodynamic
drag during a swing of the example golf club head of FIGS. 12-14
including micro-vortex generators.
[0019] FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating air streams during a swing
of the example golf club head of FIG. 15 and having a profile shown
in broken lines in FIG. 13.
[0020] FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating air streams during a swing
of the example golf club head shown in FIGS. 14 and 16 and lacking
micro-vortex generators.
[0021] FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating slow moving air streams
during a swing of the example golf club head of FIGS. 12-14 and 17,
the golf club head including micro-vortex generators.
SUMMARY
[0022] Described herein are various examples of golf club heads for
use in golf clubs such as drivers, fairway woods and hybrid golf
clubs. As will be described hereafter, the golf club heads comprise
micro-vortex generators that delay separation of the airflow from
the golf club head during a swing. As a result, drag is reduced.
The reduced drag results in greater club head speed, greater golf
ball velocity and longer drives.
[0023] In one implementation, a golf club head may comprise a hosel
portion, a front strike face, a sole, a crown and micro-vortex
generators projecting from a surface of the crown. The micro-vortex
generators may comprise a first elongated micro-vortex generator
angled with respect to the front strike face and a second elongated
micro-vortex generator having a front end rearward of the first
micro-vortex generator.
[0024] In one implementation, a golf club head may comprise a hosel
portion, a front strike face, a sole, a crown and micro-vortex
generators projecting from a surface of the crown. The micro-vortex
generators may comprise elongated individual micro-vortex
generators having a front end proximate the strike face, a rear and
distant the strike face and an upper edge spaced no greater than
0.100 inches above the surface of the crown, the upper edge
forwardly sloping downwards towards the surface of the crown.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLES
[0025] FIG. 1 illustrates an example golf club 10. The example golf
club 10 of FIG. 1 is configured as a driver. Although the features
of golf club 10 are illustrated with respect to a driver, the same
features are also directly applicable to, fairway woods, hybrid
clubs and combinations thereof in sets of golf clubs. The golf club
10 is an elongate implement configured for striking a golf ball and
includes a golf shaft 12 having a butt end 13 with a grip 14 and a
tip end 15 coupled to a club head 16.
[0026] The shaft 12 is an elongate hollow tube extending along a
first longitudinal axis. The shaft 12 tapers toward the tip end 15.
The shaft 12 is formed of a lightweight, strong, flexible material,
preferably as a composite material. In alternative embodiments, the
shaft 12 can be formed of other materials such as, other composite
materials, steel, other alloys, wood, ceramic, thermoset polymers,
thermoplastic polymers, and combinations thereof. The shaft can be
formed as one single integral piece or as a multi-sectional golf
shaft of two or more portions or sections.
[0027] As used herein, the term "composite material" refers to a
plurality of fibers impregnated (or permeated throughout) with a
resin. The fibers can be co-axially aligned in sheets or layers,
braided or weaved in sheets or layers, and/or chopped and randomly
dispersed in one or more layers. The composite material may be
formed of a single layer or multiple layers comprising a matrix of
fibers impregnated with resin. In particularly preferred
embodiments, the number layers can range from 3 to 8. In multiple
layer constructions, the fibers can be aligned in different
directions with respect to the longitudinal axis 18, and/or in
braids or weaves from layer to layer. The layers may be separated
at least partially by one or more scrims or veils. When used, the
scrim or veil will generally separate two adjacent layers and
inhibit resin flow between layers during curing. Scrims or veils
can also be used to reduce shear stress between layers of the
composite material. The scrim or veils can be formed of glass,
nylon or thermoplastic materials. In one particular embodiment, the
scrim or veil can be used to enable sliding or independent movement
between layers of the composite material. The fibers are formed of
a high tensile strength material such as graphite. Alternatively,
the fibers can be formed of other materials such as, for example,
glass, carbon, boron, basalt, carrot, Kevlar.RTM., Spectra.RTM.,
poly-para-phenylene-2, 6-benzobisoxazole (PBO), hemp and
combinations thereof. In one set of preferred embodiments, the
resin is preferably a thermosetting resin such as epoxy or
polyester resins. In other sets of preferred embodiments, the resin
can be a thermoplastic resin. The composite material is typically
wrapped about a mandrel and/or a comparable structure, and cured
under heat and/or pressure. While curing, the resin is configured
to flow and fully disperse and impregnate the matrix of fibers.
[0028] As further shown by FIGS. 1-3, golf club head 16 comprises a
body 22 which additional components such as a sole plate or weights
may be mounted. In the example illustrated, body 20 of the club
head 16 can be formed as a single unitary, integral body through a
combination of casting and welding. In another implementation, the
club head 16 can be formed through a combination of forging and
welding. In other implementations, the components of the body 20 of
the club head 16 can be formed through casting, forging, welding,
or a combination thereof. In one implementation, the body 20 of the
club head 16 is made of a high tensile strength, durable material,
preferably a stainless steel or titanium alloy. Alternatively, the
body 20 of the club head 16 can be made of other materials, such
as, for example, a composite material, aluminum, other steels,
metals, alloys, wood, ceramics or combinations thereof.
[0029] The body 20 of the club head 16 comprises a generally
vertical front striking plate or strike face 22, a sole 24, a crown
26, a hosel portion 28 and micro-vortex generators 30. The striking
plate 22 extends from a heel portion 31 to a toe portion 32 of the
club head 16. The sole 24 and the crown 26 rearwardly extend from
lower and upper portions of the striking plate 22, respectively.
The sole 24 generally curves upward to meet the generally downward
curved crown 26. The portion of the sole 24 adjacent the crown 26
that connects the sole 24 to the crown 26 at perimeter locations
other than at the striking plate 22 can be referred to as a side
wall 34 or skirt.
[0030] The hosel portion 28 is a generally cylindrical body that
upwardly extends from the crown 26 at the heel portion 31 of the
club head 16 to couple the club head 16 to the shaft 12. The hosel
portion 28 defines an upper hosel opening 36 for receiving the tip
end of the shaft 12.
[0031] Micro-vortex generators 30 (schematically shown as blocks in
FIGS. 1-3) comprise protrusions or projections rising up from the
upper surface 38 of crown 26. The micro-vortex generators 30 are
airflow boundary trip mechanisms. In one implementation, generators
30 are integrally formed as part of a single unitary body with
crown 26. In another implementation, generators 30 are bonded,
welded or otherwise fixed to the upper surface 38 of crown 26. In
still other implementations, generators 30 may be removably
fastened or mounted to surface 38 of crown 26.
[0032] Each of the individual micro-vortex generators projects from
surface 28 so as to have a maximum height of no greater than 0.100
inch. In one implementation, the maximum height of each of
micro-vortex generators is at least 0.025 inch and no greater than
0.100 inch. As shown by FIGS. 1 and 2, micro-vortex generators are
distributed amongst at least two separate spaced micro-vortex
generator regions 40A, 40B (collectively referred to as regions
40). Each of regions 40 comprises at least one individual
micro-vortex generator 30.
[0033] As shown by FIG. 3, the at least one individual micro-vortex
generator 30 (schematically shown) of region 40B, the rear region,
has a front end 44 rearward of at least one individual micro-vortex
generator 30 (schematically shown) of region 40A. In one
implementation, each of regions 40 comprises multiple individual
micro-vortex generators 30, wherein at least one of the
micro-vortex generators 30 of the rear region 40B has a front end
44 rearward of and rearwardly spaced from at least one of the
micro-vortex generators of region 40A. In the example illustrated,
regions 40 each comprise a plurality of micro-vortex generators 30
arranged in a row extending parallel to the front strike face 22.
As will be described with respect to other implementations, such as
implementations shown in FIGS. 8-10, regions 40 may each comprise a
plurality of micro-vortex generators 30 arranged in a curvilinear
row having a concave side facing the rear of head 16. In yet
another implementation, regions 40 may each comprise a plurality of
micro-vortex generators 30 arranged in a pointed or multi-angled
row.
[0034] As shown by FIG. 3, each individual micro-vortex generator
30 is an airflow boundary trip mechanism that impedes oncoming
airflow during a golf swing such that the airflow must flow around
the generator, forming a vortex 48 behind the individual generator
30. Such vortexes create turbulent flow adjacent surface 38,
delaying the time at which the airflow separates from surface 38
and ultimately reducing the amount of drag experienced by head 16
during a golf swing. As shown by FIG. 3, the multiple generators 30
spaced from one another in a direction from front strike face 22
towards the rear 23 of head 16 create multiple vortices 48 that are
also spaced from one another in a direction from front strike face
22 towards the rear 23 of head 16. As a result, airflow separates
from surface 38 much closer to rear 23 as compared to a single
region or row of generators 38. The micro-vortex generators 30
cause the separation point or separation line or separation curve
of the airflow traveling over the crown 26 of the club head 16 to
occur further rearward than a crown of a club head that has no
micro-vortex generator 30. In other words, with the micro-vortex
generators 30 the airflow stays closer to the crown of the club
head for a greater distance or a greater amount of time, thereby
reducing the aerodynamic drag of the air flowing over the club
head.
[0035] As further illustrated by FIG. 2, the multiple regions 40
further create chaotic or tortuous airflow along surface 38 such
that the airflow is redirected or changes directions multiple
times. For example, airflow may be first directed or angled towards
the heel and then redirected so as to be angled towards the toe of
golf club head 16. In other words, the amount of linear air flow
across surface 38 is reduced. This chaotic and tortuous airflow
path along crown 26 creates turbulent flow and contributes to
delaying separation of the airflow from surface 38, further
reducing drag experienced by golf club head 16 during a golf
swing.
[0036] It should be appreciated that although the two micro-vortex
generators 30 illustrated in FIG. 3 are schematically illustrated
with blocks or boxes, the individual micro-vortex generators 30 of
each of regions 40 may have a variety of different shapes. In one
implementation, micro-vortex generators 30 may have rectangular
shapes. In another implementation, micro-vortex generators 30 may
have rounded shapes. In still other implementations, micro-vortex
generators 30 have varying height profiles front to rear, wherein
each individual micro-vortex generator 30 has a lesser height
proximate to strike face 22 and a greater height proximate to or
towards rear 23. For example, in some implementations, micro-vortex
generators 30 may be a triangular pyramid shape that tapers the
slopes downward toward surface 38 as the triangular pyramid extends
towards front strike face 22. In one implementations, the region or
regions 40 may extend, or collectively extend, over at least 20
percent of the surface area of the crown 26 of the club head 16. In
other implementations, the region or regions 40 may extend or
collectively extend over other amounts of the surface area of the
crown 26, such as at least 25 percent, at least 30 percent, at
least 40 percent and at least 50 percent.
[0037] In some implementations, micro-vortex generators 30 are
elongated and extend at different angles relative to strike face
22. In one implementation, micro-vortex generators 30 of the
different regions 40 are transversely offset or staggered with
respect to one another. For example, each of the micro-vortex
generators 30 of region 40B may be offset either towards the heel
or towards the toe of head 16 relative to the micro-vortex
generators 30 of region 40A. The different angles or staggering of
such vortex generators 30 further assists in generating chaotic or
turbulent flow along surface 38 to further inhibit and delay
separation or detachment of the airflow from surface 38, reducing
drag.
[0038] FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate golf club head 116, an example of
golf club head 16. Golf club head 116 is similar to golf club head
16 except that golf club head 116 is specifically illustrated as
comprising micro-vortex generators 130A, 130B, 130C, 130D
(collectively referred to as generators 130), particular
implementations of micro-vortex generators 30 which are
schematically shown in FIGS. 1-3. As with micro-vortex generators
30, micro-vortex generators 130 project upwards from surface 38,
having a maximum height of less than or equal to 0.100 inches. In
the example illustrated, each of the individual micro-vortex
generators 130 has an elliptical dome shape, forming an elliptical
pimple rising above surface 38. In the example illustrated, each of
the individual micro-vortex generators 130 has a sloping vertical
profile, wherein the rearward most region of each generator 130 has
a height above surface 38 that is greater than forward most regions
of the generator 130.
[0039] As with head 16, the micro-vortex generators 130 of head 116
are arranged into groupings or regions 140A, 140B with region 140A
being forward of region 140B. In the example illustrated, the front
region 140A comprises generators 130A, 130B while rear region 140B
comprises generators 130C and 130D. As shown by FIG. 4, generators
130C and 130D are both longitudinally (rearwardly) and transversely
offset with respect to generators 130A and 130B.
[0040] FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate golf club head 216, an example of
golf club head 16. Golf club head 116 is similar to golf club head
16 except that golf club head 216 is specifically illustrated as
comprising micro-vortex generators 230A, 130B and 230C
(collectively referred to as generators 130), particular
implementations of micro-vortex generators 30 which are
schematically shown in FIGS. 1-3. As with micro-vortex generators
30, micro-vortex generators 230 project upwards from surface 38,
having a height of less than or equal to 0.100 inch. In one
implementation, the maximum height of each of micro-vortex
generators is at least 0.025 inch and no greater than 0.100 inch.
In the example illustrated, each of the individual micro-vortex
generators 230 has a trapezoidal pyramid shape, having a base 232
facing in a rearward direction, a flat top 233 and tapering,
sloping sides 234 extending forwardly from the rearwardly facing
face on opposite sides of top 233. In the example illustrated, each
of the individual micro-vortex generators 230 has a sloping or
tapering overall profile, wherein the rearward most region of each
generator 230 has a height above surface 38 that is greater than
forward most regions of the generator 230.
[0041] As with head 116, the micro-vortex generators 230 of head
216 are arranged into groupings or regions 240A, 240B with region
240A being forward of region 240B. In the example illustrated, the
front region 240A comprises generators 230A, 230B while rear region
240B comprises generator 230C. As shown by FIG. 6, generator 230C
is both longitudinally (rearwardly) and transversely offset with
respect to generators 230A and 230B.
[0042] FIGS. 8-10 are top views illustrating alternative layouts
for the different regions of micro-vortex generators. FIG. 8
illustrates golf club head 316, another implementation of golf club
head 16 having alternative layouts for regions 40 of micro-vortex
generators 30. Golf club head 316 is similar to golf club head 16
described above except that golf club head 316 comprises
micro-vortex generators 30 (schematically shown) arranged in
curvilinear regions 340A and 340B (collectively referred to as
regions 340). In each region 340, micro-vortex generators 30 are
arranged in curvilinear row. Each of curvilinear regions 340 has a
concave side facing rear 23 of golf club head 316. In the example
illustrated, the curvilinear row of vortex generators 30 follows
the airflow separation line, the general line at which the air flow
begins to separate from surface 38, in the absence of the
particular row of generators 30. As a result, the curvilinear row
of vortex generators 30 may more effectively delay and move
rearward the separation line which is characteristic of the golf
club head geometry.
[0043] In one implementation, curvilinear regions 340 are nested
with one another, having different radii. In other implementations,
regions 340 may be sufficiently longitudinally offset from one
another so as to not be nested within one another. The individual
micro-vortex generators 30 have any of a variety of shapes similar
to the shapes of generators 130 and 230 described above or shapes
similar to any of the individual micro-vortex generators described
hereafter. For example, the micro-vortex generators may have a
hemi-spherical shape, an irregular shape, a cylindrical shape, a
rectangular shape, other three dimensional polygonal shapes, other
three dimensional curved shapes, and combinations thereof.
[0044] FIG. 9 illustrates golf club head 416, another
implementation of golf club head 16 having alternative layouts for
regions 40 of micro-vortex generators 30. Golf club head 416 is
similar to golf club head 16 described above except that golf club
head 416 comprises micro-vortex generators 430A, 430B and 430C
(collectively referred to as generators 430) arranged in pointed or
multi-angled regions 440A and 440B (collectively referred to as
regions 440). In each region 440, micro-vortex generators 430 are
arranged in pointed or multi-angled. Each of 440 has a concave side
facing rear 23 of golf club head 316. In the example illustrated,
the curvilinear row of vortex generators 30 generally follows the
airflow separation line, the general line at which the air flow
begins to separate from surface 38, in the absence of the
particular row of generators 30. As a result, the curvilinear row
of vortex generators 30 may more effectively delay and move
rearward the separation line which is characteristic of the golf
club head geometry.
[0045] In one implementation, curvilinear regions 440 are nested
with one another, having different angles. In other
implementations, regions 440 may be sufficiently longitudinally
offset from one another so as to not be nested within one another.
In the example illustrated, region 440A comprises multiple
differently shaped are sized micro-vortex generators. In
particular, at the point of region 440A, region 440A comprises
micro-vortex generator 430B, a semi spherical generator, whereas
the two wings of region 440A comprise micro-vortex generators 430A,
rectangular generators. Region 430B comprises yet a third set of
differently shaped generators, triangular pyramid. In other
implementations, the particular shapes of the different
micro-vortex generators in each of the different regions 440 may
vary and may have other shapes based on the upon the particular
geometries of head 16 on surface 38 to maximize turbulence and
chaotic airflow to enhance the delay airflow separation and to
enhance drag reduction.
[0046] FIG. 10 illustrates golf club head 516, another example
implementation of golf club head 16. Golf club head 516 is similar
to golf club head 16 except that golf club head 516 comprises
micro-vortex generators 530 rising up from surface 38 of crown 26.
In one implementation, the maximum height of each of micro-vortex
generators is at least 0.025 inch and no greater than 0.100 inch.
In contrast to micro-vortex generators 30 of head 16, micro-vortex
generators 530 are generally arranged as a single grouping or
cluster, without rows or columns. In one implementation,
micro-vortex generators 530 have a generally random or non-ordered
arrangement on surface 38. Each of micro-vortex generators 530 has
a tapering vertical profile, wherein rearward most portions of each
individual micro-vortex generator 530 have the greatest height
above surface 38 while forward most portions of each individual
micro-vortex generator 530 have the smallest height above surface
38.
[0047] FIG. 11 is an enlarged perspective view of an example
individual micro-vortex generator 530. As shown by FIG. 11,
generator 530 has a front race or face 532 and a pair of tapering
side faces 534. The tapering profile as well as the sharp upper and
forward corners or edges of generator 530 enhance airflow
turbulence created by the individual micro-vortex generator 530. As
with each of the individual micro-vortex generators described
herein, micro-vortex generator 530 has a maximum height that is
less than or equal to 0.100 inches. In one implementation, the
maximum height of each of micro-vortex generators is at least 0.025
inch and no greater than 0.100 inch.
[0048] FIG. 12 is a rear perspective view of golf club head 616,
another example implementation of golf club head 16. For ease of
illustration, those components of golf club head 616 which
correspond to components of golf club head 16 are numbered
similarly. Golf club head 616 comprises micro-vortex generators
630A, 630B, 630C, 630D, 630E, 630F and 630G (collectively referred
to as generators 630). Each of the individual generators 630 has a
configuration similar to generator 530 illustrated in FIG. 11. In
particular, each of generators 630 has a triangular pyramid shape
having a largely vertical rear triangular face and forwardly
extending triangular sides that extend to a point, the upper edge
are ridge between the triangular sides forwardly tapering downward
towards surface 28. As indicated above, the greater rearward height
of each generator 630 and the sharp edges of each generator 630
enhance airflow turbulence. Each of the micro-vortex generators
630A thru G can be sized to extend over an area of the crown 26 of
the club head 16 that is approximately 0.010 in.sup.2. In other
embodiments, the size of each micro-vortex generator can be within
the range of 0.005 in.sup.2 to 0.05 in.sup.2. In one
implementations, a micro vortex generator region 660 defined by the
area of the crown 26 that includes the micro-vortex generators 630
may extend over at least 20 percent of the surface area of the
crown 26 of the club head 16. In other implementations, the region
660 may extend over other amounts of the surface area of the crown
26, such as at least 25 percent, at least 30 percent, at least 40
percent and at least 50 percent. The number and size of the
micro-vortex generators 630 within the micro vortex generator
region 660 defines a micro-vortex generator packing density. In one
implementation, the micro-vortex generators 630 can be sized and/or
numbered such that the generators 630 collectively extend over 2
percent to 50 percent of the surface area of the region 660 thereby
forming a micro-vortex generator packing density within the range
of 2 to 50 percent. In other implementations, the micro-vortex
generator packing density within the range of 3 to 10 percent.
[0049] Micro-vortex generators 630 have a layout that enhances the
delay of airflow separation from surface 38 to reduce drag. As
shown by FIG. 12, generators 630A-630E, sometimes referred to as
crown projections, are grouped are arranged in three regions or
curvilinear rows 640A, 640B and 640C, each of the rows being nested
within the other of the rows in each of the rows having a concave
side facing rear 23 of crown 26. Row 630A extend closest to front
strike face 22. Row 630A comprises generator 630A and generators
630B. Generator 630 extends parallel to, and in the example
implementation contiguous with, a vertical plane 631 extending
through head 16, perpendicular to a front center portion of front
strike face 22. Plane 631 bifurcates golf club head 616 into a heel
side 670 and a toe side 672.
[0050] Micro-vortex generators 630B extend on both sides of plane
631. Generators 630B extend in an arc forming row 640A. Generator
630 each point in a forward direction away from plane 631.
Generators 630B are each angled with respect to plane 631, each
individual generators 630 having a progressively greater angle with
respect to the longitudinal vertical plane 631 as the individual
micro-vortex generators become further transversely spaced from
plane 631. In other words, generators 630B transversely closer to
plane 631 have a smaller angle (closer to being parallel to plane
631) while generators 630B transversely farther away from plane 631
have a larger angle (closer to being perpendicular to plane 631).
Those generators 630B on heel side 670 more aggressively and
progressively point towards heel 31 as those generators 630B on
heel side 670 become closer to heel 31. Likewise, those generators
630B on toe side 672 more aggressively and progressively point
towards toe 32 as those generators 630B on toe side 672 become
closer to toe 32. Such differential angling of generators 630A
directs outer airflow, airflow towards the heel or toe of golf club
head 616 back towards plane 631, towards the center and towards the
apex of club 616 to increase airflow turbulence and reduce
drag.
[0051] Micro-vortex generators 630C extend on both sides of plane
631. As with micro-vortex generators 630B, micro-vortex generators
630C are each angled with respect to plane 631. However, in
complete contrast, individual generators 630C each point forwardly
in a direction towards plane 631. In the example illustrated,
generator 630C have a progressively smaller angle with respect to
the longitudinal vertical plane 631 as the individual micro-vortex
generators become further transversely spaced from plane 631. In
other words, generators 630C transversely closer to plane 631 have
a greater angle (closer to being perpendicular to plane 631) while
generators 630C transversely farther away from plane 631 have a
smaller angle (closer to being parallel to plane 631). Those
generators 630C on heel side 670 more aggressively and
progressively point away from heel 12 as those generators 630B on
heel side 670 become closer to plane 631. Likewise, those
generators 630B on toe side 672 more aggressively and progressively
point away from toe 32 as those generators 630C on toe side 672
become closer to plane 631. Such differential angling of generators
630A breaks up and/or redirects airflow, changing its direction to
increase airflow turbulence and reduce drag.
[0052] Micro-vortex generators 630D and 630E final row 640C. In the
example illustrated, row 640C has the smallest radius of the three
rows 640. Generator 630D is similar to generator 630A in that
generator 630D is in substantial line with plane 631. Generators
630E are similarly angled as generators 630B. In the example
illustrated, generators 630E are transversely (heel to toe) offset
relative to generator 630B to further assist in generating
turbulence across surface 38 of crown 26. In the example
illustrated, each of generators 630B, 630D and 630E are aligned
with radial lines extending from a single point rearward of row
640C and in plane 631. In other implementations, generators 630E
may be in alignment with generators 630B.
[0053] In the example illustrated, generators 630A-630E partition
crown 26 into three distinct regions: a front region that extends
in front of the separation line of airflow (the line across crown
26 at which air begins to separate from head 616 absent projections
given the geometry of head 16), a projection region including the
projections and having a shape following or defined by the
separation line and a rear region rearward of the projection
region. The front region and the rear region lack projections.
Generators 630A-E extend across the micro vortex generator region
660 (defined by a minimal shape containing each of generators
630A-630E) that covers from at least 20% up to 70% of the total
surface area of crown 26. In the example illustrated, generators
630E extend rearward of the apex 651 of crown 26. As a result,
generators 630A-630E assist in maintaining airflow adjacent to
surface 38 of crown 26 for a longer period of time, prolonging or
delaying the separation of such airflow to reduce drag.
[0054] The size of the micro vortex generator region 660 and the
packing density of the micro-vortex generators adjusts and varies
the ability of generators 630A-630E to create turbulent airflow
with both vortices and transverse turbulent airflow across
different areas or regions of crown 26 to reduce drag. In other
implementations, although potentially less effective, micro-vortex
generators 630A-630E may cover crown 26 to different extents or may
have other arrangements over crown 26. For example, in some
implementations, the crown generators 630 may be arranged in
greater than or fewer than three curvilinear rows. The crown
generators may alternatively be linear, extending parallel to front
strike face 22 or may extend in rows that change directions at
least once and even multiple times (as in a zigzag row) The crown
generators may alternatively arranged in a non-uniform or
unordered, dispersed fashion.
[0055] Micro-vortex generators 630F and 630G, sometimes referred to
as hosel projections, extend proximate or adjacent to hosel 12. The
hosel projections 630F and 630G extend across crown 26 generally
from proximate front strike face 22 to proximate heel 31. Hosel
projection 630 are distinct from the crown projections and do not
extend across plane 631. Hosel projection 630 provides additional
vortex generation proximate to heal 12 to address additional drag
that may occur about hosel 12. In the example illustrated,
generators 630G point towards hosel 12 while generators 630F have
different angles, pointing away from hosel 12, more towards front
strike face 22 and plane 631. Although hosel projection 630F and
630G are illustrated as comprising five individual micro-vortex
generators, in other implementations, hosel projections 630F and
630G may have other densities or arrangements of generators in
close proximity to hosel 12.
[0056] FIG. 13 is a sectional view of golf at club 616 along plane
631. As shown by FIG. 13, golf club head 616 is additionally shaped
to further enhance the reduction of drag. In particular, the
juncture 680 of front strike face 22 and crown 26 has an enlarged
radius, enhancing the flow of air and reducing air separation.
[0057] As further shown by FIG. 13, the rear portions of crown 26
are more similar in height to the apex 651 of crown 26. In one
implementation, rear portions are crown 26 extend at an angle A of
less than or equal to 25 degrees from a generally horizontal plane.
Likewise, the rear portions of sole 24 have a smaller angle with
respect to the lowermost point of sole 24. The geometry of golf
club head 616 further enhances the reduction in drag.
[0058] FIGS. 14A-14F illustrate the performance of micro-vortex
generators 630 and their impact on airflow and drag. Each of such
figures simulated airflow during a golf swing across to golf club
heads 616 (described above) and 616'. The golf clubs including head
616 and 616' or identical in all respects but for the difference in
the heads. The simulated swings and ambient environments of such
two simulations are identical. Golf club heads 616 and 616' or
identical in all respects but for the additional provision of
micro-vortex generators 630 on crown 26.
[0059] As shown by the time-lapse progression of a golf swing (by
robotic golf swing testing device) in FIGS. 14A-14D, micro-vortex
generators 630 produced turbulent airflow which results in the
airflow 650 closely following the contour of crown 26 of golf club
head 616. This close conformance of the airflow 650 to the contour
of crown 26 continues through the region of crown 26 including
projections 630. Thereafter, as indicated in the FIGS. 14E-14F, the
airflow 650 begins to separate from head 616. In contrast, with
golf club head 616', lacking micro-vortex generators 630, the
airflow 650' begins to immediately separate from the crown 26 as
shown in FIG. 14A. The separation continues to grow as airflow 650'
progresses rearwardly along crown 26. As shown by FIG. 14F, at the
same identical point in time, the low pressure region following
golf club head 616' is much larger than the low pressure region
following golf club head 616. It is as low pressure region that
creates drag. The greater the size and extent of the economic drag,
the slower the velocity of the golf club head and the slower the
velocity of the struck golf ball, reducing drive distance.
[0060] FIGS. 15-20 illustrate comparisons of the area of
aerodynamic drag resulting in identical swings of golf clubs that
are identical but for their differently configured heads. FIGS. 15
and 18 illustrate aerodynamic drag produced by the swing of a golf
club head having a geometry shown in broken lines in FIG. 13 and
lacking micro-vortex generators. FIGS. 16 and 19 illustrate
aerodynamic drag produced by the swing of a golf club having golf
club head 616' with the geometry shown in FIG. 13, but lacking
micro-vortex generators. FIGS. 17 and 20 illustrate the area of
aerodynamic drag produced by the swing of a golf club having golf
club head 616 the from described above) which is identical to golf
club head 616' but for the additional provision of the micro-vortex
generators 630 described above.
[0061] As shown by a comparison of FIGS. 15 and 16, the more
rounded or smoother juncture 680 and the more rounded crown 26 in
sole 24 results in a reduction in drag. In the example illustrated,
the changes in geometry resulted in a reduction in the area of
aerodynamic drag from 6.23 in..sup.2 to 4.06 in..sup.2, a reduction
in aerodynamic drag of at least 30% and approximating 35%. As shown
by a comparison of FIGS. 18 and 19, the smoother geometry of golf
club head 616' greatly reduces the wake area 684 of slower moving
air that produces drag.
[0062] As shown by a comparison of FIGS. 16 and 17, the addition of
micro-vortex generators 630 to the golf club head 616' further
reduced aerodynamic drag by an additional 0.88 in..sup.2' to
approximately 3.18 in..sup.2. The addition of micro-vortex
generators 630 (shown in FIG. 12) reduced the area of aerodynamic
drag by an additional 22%. As shown by a comparison of FIGS. 19 and
20, the additional micro-vortex generators 630 even further reduced
the wake area 684 of slower moving air that produces drag. Although
such benefits were obtained by adding micro-vortex generators 630
to club 616', it should be appreciated that similar benefits,
greater or lesser in extent, may be likewise achieved by adding
such micro-vortex generators 632 other clubs.
[0063] Although the present disclosure has been described with
reference to example implementations, workers skilled in the art
will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without
departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed subject matter.
For example, although different example implementations may have
been described as including one or more features providing one or
more benefits, it is contemplated that the described features may
be interchanged with one another or alternatively be combined with
one another in the described example implementations or in other
alternative implementations. Because the technology of the present
disclosure is relatively complex, not all changes in the technology
are foreseeable. The present disclosure described with reference to
the example implementations and set forth in the following claims
is manifestly intended to be as broad as possible. For example,
unless specifically otherwise noted, the claims reciting a single
particular element also encompass a plurality of such particular
elements.
* * * * *