U.S. patent application number 15/297168 was filed with the patent office on 2018-04-19 for severely hydrotreated naphthenic distillate containing rubber compositions.
This patent application is currently assigned to Veyance Technologies, Inc.. The applicant listed for this patent is Veyance Technologies, Inc.. Invention is credited to Jeffrey P. Dotson, Jeffrey T. Epperson, Flint Wilson.
Application Number | 20180105679 15/297168 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 60162234 |
Filed Date | 2018-04-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180105679 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Wilson; Flint ; et
al. |
April 19, 2018 |
Severely Hydrotreated Naphthenic Distillate Containing Rubber
Compositions
Abstract
A composition includes at least one natural or synthetic rubber
material, a severely hydrotreated naphthenic distillate
incorporated in amount equal to or less than 30% by weight of the
composition, and a sulfur curative. After curing, the composition
provides acceptable cold flexibility at a temperature lower than
-60 deg C., at a temperature as low as -68 deg C., or even at a
temperature as low as -73 deg C. In some aspects, the at least one
natural or synthetic rubber material is a synthetic rubber such as,
but not limited to, an ethylenepropylene-diene copolymer rubber. In
some cases, where used, the ethylenepropylene-diene copolymer
rubber is selected from the group consisting of
ethylene-propylene-cyclopentadiene terpolymer, ethylene-propylene
ethylidene norbornene terpolymer, ethylene-propylene-I, and
mixtures thereof.
Inventors: |
Wilson; Flint; (Mt.
Pleasant, IA) ; Epperson; Jeffrey T.; (Mount
Pleasant, IA) ; Dotson; Jeffrey P.; (Riverside,
IA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Veyance Technologies, Inc. |
Fairlawn |
OH |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Veyance Technologies, Inc.
Fairlawn
OH
|
Family ID: |
60162234 |
Appl. No.: |
15/297168 |
Filed: |
October 19, 2016 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47L 9/24 20130101; C08K
5/01 20130101; C08K 13/02 20130101; C08K 5/01 20130101; C08K 3/06
20130101; C08L 23/16 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C08K 13/02 20060101
C08K013/02 |
Claims
1. A composition comprising: a) at least one natural or synthetic
rubber material; b) a severely hydrotreated naphthenic distillate
incorporated in amount equal to or less than 30% by weight of the
composition; and, c) a sulfur curative; wherein after curing, the
composition provides acceptable cold flexibility at a temperature
lower than -60 deg C.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein after curing, the
composition provides acceptable cold flexibility at a temperature
as low as -68 deg C.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein after curing, the
composition provides acceptable cold flexibility at a temperature
as low as -73 deg C.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one natural or
synthetic rubber material is a synthetic rubber.
5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the synthetic rubber is an
ethylenepropylene-diene copolymer rubber.
6. The composition of claim 5, wherein the ethylenepropylene-diene
copolymer rubber is selected from the group consisting of
ethylene-propylene-cyclopentadiene terpolymer, ethylene-propylene
ethylidene norbornene terpolymer, ethylene-propylene-I, and
mixtures thereof.
7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one natural or
synthetic rubber material is incorporated in an amount from 22% by
weight to 28% by weight based upon total composition weight.
8. The composition of claim 1 further comprising a curing
accelerator.
9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the curing accelerator is
mercaptobenzothiazole.
10. The composition of claim 1 as incorporated into a layer of an
air brake hose.
11. A composition for forming a layer of a hose, the comprising: a)
at least one natural or synthetic rubber material; b) a severely
hydrotreated naphthenic distillate incorporated in amount equal to
or less than 30% by weight of the composition; and, c) a sulfur
curative.
12. The composition of claim 11, wherein after curing, the
composition provides acceptable cold flexibility at a temperature
as low as -60 deg C.
13. The composition of claim 11, wherein after curing, the
composition provides acceptable cold flexibility at a temperature
as low as -73 deg C.
14. The composition of claim 11, wherein the at least one natural
or synthetic rubber material is an ethylenepropylene-diene
copolymer rubber.
15. The composition of claim 14, wherein the
ethylenepropylene-diene copolymer rubber is selected from the group
consisting of ethylene-propylene-cyclopentadiene terpolymer,
ethylene-propylene ethylidene norbornene terpolymer,
ethylene-propylene-I, and mixtures thereof.
16. The composition of claim 11, wherein the at least one natural
or synthetic rubber material is incorporated in an amount from 22%
by weight to 28% by weight based upon total composition weight.
17. The composition of claim 11 further comprising a curing
accelerator.
18. The composition of claim 17, wherein the curing accelerator is
mercaptobenzothiazole.
19. The composition of claim 18 as incorporated into a layer of an
air brake hose.
20. A composition comprising: a) ethylenepropylene-diene copolymer
rubber selected from the group consisting of
ethylene-propylene-cyclopentadiene terpolymer, ethylene-propylene
ethylidene norbornene terpolymer, ethylene-propylene-I, and
mixtures thereof; b) a severely hydrotreated naphthenic distillate
incorporated in amount equal to or less than 30% by weight of the
composition; c) a sulfur curative; and, d) a mercaptobenzothiazole
curing accelerator; wherein after curing, the composition provides
acceptable cold flexibility at a temperature as low as -68 deg C.
Description
FIELD
[0001] The field to which the disclosure generally relates to
rubber compositions, and specifically to rubber compositions useful
for providing hose or other rubber based articles having extremely
low temperature flexibility properties.
BACKGROUND
[0002] This section provides background information to facilitate a
better understanding of the various aspects of the disclosure. It
should be understood that the statements in this section of this
document are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of
prior art.
[0003] Railroad cars and certain types of trucks having pneumatic
brake systems use flexible air hoses which extend between separate
railroad cars or portions of a tractor-trailer assembly for
operation of the pneumatic brake system. In such systems, the brake
system is connected with a source of compressed air by a flexible
tube or hose, which kept pressurized at about 8.4-10.5 kg/cm2
(120-150 psi).
[0004] Typically, air brake hoses are formed of a multi-layer
construction, with inner and outer layers being formed of a
material which resistant to the surrounding environment. In
particular, the inner and outer layers are formed from a material
which is not sensitive to stress cracking by zinc chloride, such as
nylon 11 (polyundecanolactam) or nylon 12 (polydodecanolactam). The
inner and outer layers are separated by an intermediate layer of
woven or braided material, such as a polyester fiber, which acts as
a reinforcement.
[0005] Often, for the outer layer, air brake hoses utilize
ethylenepropylene-diene copolymer rubber compound plasticized with
4900 SUS napthenic process oil. Articles, such as air brake hoses,
using such material become brittle, when exposed to temperatures
below -65 deg F. (-54 deg C.) exhibit low temperature
embrittlement, which leads to failure in articles formed of such
materials.
[0006] Thus, there exists a need for combinations of materials
which form articles, such as air brake hoses, having acceptable
extreme low temperature flexibility, such need met at least in
part, with the following disclosure.
SUMMARY
[0007] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of
concepts that are further described below in the detailed
description. This summary is not intended to identify key or
essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it
intended to be used as an aid in limiting the scope of the claimed
subject matter.
[0008] In some embodiments of the disclosure, a composition is
provided which includes at least one natural or synthetic rubber
material, a severely hydrotreated naphthenic distillate
incorporated in amount equal to or less than 30% by weight of the
composition, and a sulfur curative. After curing, the composition
provides acceptable cold flexibility at a temperature lower than
-60 deg C., at a temperature as low as -68 deg C., or even at a
temperature as low as -73 deg C. In some aspects, the at least one
natural or synthetic rubber material is a synthetic rubber such as,
but not limited to, an ethylenepropylene-diene copolymer rubber. In
some cases, where used, the ethylenepropylene-diene copolymer
rubber is selected from the group consisting of
ethylene-propylene-cyclopentadiene terpolymer, ethylene-propylene
ethylidene norbornene terpolymer, ethylene-propylene-I, and
mixtures thereof.
[0009] In some other embodiments of the disclosure, a composition
for forming at least one layer of a hose is provided, which
includes at least one natural or synthetic rubber material, a
severely hydrotreated naphthenic distillate incorporated in amount
equal to or less than 30% by weight of the composition, and a
sulfur curative. In some cases, after curing, the composition
provides acceptable cold flexibility at a temperature as low as -60
deg C., as low as -68 deg C., or even as low as -73 deg C. The at
least one natural or synthetic rubber material may be an
ethylenepropylene-diene copolymer rubber, such as, but limited to
ethylene-propylene-cyclopentadiene terpolymer, ethylene-propylene
ethylidene norbornene terpolymer, ethylene-propylene-I, or mixtures
thereof. The compositions may further include a curing accelerator,
such as mercaptobenzothiazole. The compositions may be useful in
forming at least one layer of an air brake hose.
[0010] In yet other embodiments of the disclosure, compositions
include ethylenepropylene-diene copolymer rubber selected from the
group consisting of ethylene-propylene-cyclopentadiene terpolymer,
ethylene-propylene ethylidene norbornene terpolymer,
ethylene-propylene-I, and mixtures thereof, severely hydrotreated
naphthenic distillate incorporated in amount equal to or less than
30% by weight of the composition, a sulfur curative, and a
mercaptobenzothiazole curing accelerator. In some cases, after
curing, the composition provides acceptable cold flexibility at a
temperature as low as -60 deg C., as low as -68 deg C., or even as
low as -73 deg C.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0011] The following description of the variations is merely
illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the scope
of the disclosure, its application, or uses. The description and
examples are presented herein solely for the purpose of
illustrating the various embodiments of the disclosure and should
not be construed as a limitation to the scope and applicability of
the disclosure. While the materials used in the present disclosure
are described herein as comprising certain components, it should be
understood that the materials could optionally comprise two or more
chemically different materials. In addition, the materials can also
comprise some components other than the ones already cited. In the
summary of the disclosure and this detailed description, each
numerical value should be read once as modified by the term "about"
(unless already expressly so modified), and then read again as not
so modified unless otherwise indicated in context. Also, in the
summary of the disclosure and this detailed description, it should
be understood that a value, concentration and/or amount range
listed or described as being useful, suitable, or the like, is
intended that any and every point within the range, including the
end points, is to be considered as having been stated. For example,
"a range of from 1 to 10" is to be read as indicating each and
every possible number along the continuum between about 1 and about
10. Thus, even if specific data points within the range, or even no
data points within the range, are explicitly identified or refer to
only a few specific, it is to be understood that inventors
appreciate and understand that any and all data points within the
range are to be considered to have been specified, and that
inventors had possession of the entire range and all points within
the range.
[0012] Unless expressly stated to the contrary, "or" refers to an
inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A
or B is satisfied by anyone of the following: A is true (or
present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not
present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or
present).
[0013] In addition, use of the "a" or "an" are employed to describe
elements and components of the embodiments herein. This is done
merely for convenience and to give a general sense of concepts
according to the disclosure. This description should be read to
include one or at least one and the singular also includes the
plural unless otherwise stated.
[0014] The terminology and phraseology used herein is for
descriptive purposes and should not be construed as limiting in
scope. Language such as "including," "comprising," "having,"
"containing," or "involving," and variations thereof, is intended
to be broad and encompass the subject matter listed thereafter,
equivalents, and additional subject matter not recited.
[0015] Also, as used herein any references to "one embodiment" or
"an embodiment" means that a particular element, feature,
structure, or characteristic described in connection with the
embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. The appearances
of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the
specification are not necessarily referring to the same
embodiment.
[0016] For purposes of this disclosure, and the claims thereto, the
term "severely hydrotreated naphthenic distillate" includes any
naphthenic distillate derived from petroleum crude oil that has
been subjected to refining steps, such as distillation, solvent
processing, severely hydrotreating, and/or dewaxing. This also
includes petroleum-based naphthenic distillates that are
extensively purified and/or modified through severe processing
treatments. It excludes synthetic oils, which have been
manufactured by combining monomer units using catalysts and/or
heat. In the polymer processing art, naphthenic distillates are
often called process oils, extender oils, white oils, technical
oils, or food grade oils.
[0017] As used herein, the term "naphthenic" describes cyclic
(mono-ring and/or multi-ring) saturated hydrocarbons (i.e.,
cycloparaffins) and branched cyclic saturated hydrocarbons. Also,
the term "hydrotreated" and "hydrotreating" has the meaning of the
distillates being or having been subject to deep hydrogen treatment
for unwanted materials extraction (such as extraction of sulfur,
nitrogen and oxygen compounds and some aromatics, enhances the
response of added synthetic antioxidants), which may increase the
yield of high viscosity index components instead of unwanted low
viscosity index components, and in some cases, the process may also
reconstruct cracked waxes into branched paraffins that offer
excellent low temperature properties.
[0018] Embodiments according to the disclosure utilize severely
hydrotreated naphthenic distillates in combination with
crosslinkable natural or synthetic rubber, or mixtures of rubbers,
as well as other suitable conventional rubber additives, to provide
cured, or otherwise productive rubber materials to extend
acceptable cold flexibility properties at extreme temperature
conditions, such as low as about -76 deg F. (-60 deg C.), as low as
about -90 deg F. (-68 deg C.), as low as about -100 deg F. (-73 deg
C.), or any point in the range of about -60 deg C. to about -73 deg
C. Suitable conventional rubber additives include, but are not
limited to, fillers, coloring agents, curing agents, accelerators,
activators and the like. Embodiments according to the disclosure
are suitable anywhere good weatherability is needed as well as very
low operating conditions are present for such items as low
temperature air brake hose, fire hoses, air hoses, heater hoses,
twinline hoses, jack hammer hoses, construction hoses, and the
like.
[0019] In general, any rubber that can be crosslinked by a sulfur
curative can be used to make the compositions according to the
disclosure. Sulfur cured describes the vulcanization process
typical of making rubber. Mixtures of rubbers may also be used.
Examples of rubbers useful according to the disclosure, include,
without limitation, natural rubber such as those based on
polyisoprene.
[0020] Synthetic rubbers may also be used in accordance with the
disclosure. Examples include, without limitation, synthetic
polyisoprenes, polybutadienes, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber,
styrene acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, polychloroprene rubber,
styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber, isoprene-isobutylene copolymer
rubber and its halogenated derivatives, ethylenepropylene-diene
copolymer rubbers such as ethylene-propylene-cyclopentadiene
terpolymer, ethylene-propylene ethylidene norbornene terpolymer,
and ethylene-propylene-I, 4-hexadiene terpolymer,
butadiene-propylene copolymer rubber, butadiene-ethylene copolymer
rubber, butadiene-isoprene copolymer, polypentenamer,
styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers, epoxidized natural
rubber and their mixtures. In general, such compounds are
characterized by repeating olefinic unsaturation in the backbone of
the polymer, which generally arises from the presence of butadiene
or isoprene monomers in the polymer structure.
[0021] The compositions include any suitable amount of natural
and/or suitable crosslinkable rubber, and in some embodiments, the
compositions include the rubber(s) in an amount from about 15% by
weight to about 35% by weight, from about 20% by weight to about
30% by weight, or even from about 22% by weight to about 28% by
weight.
[0022] Conventional sulfur based curing agents may be used in the
compositions. Such curing agents are well known in the art and
include elemental sulfur as well as a variety of organic sulfide,
disulfide and polysulfide compounds. Examples include, without
limitation, vulcanizing agents such as morpholine disulfide,
2-(4'-morpholinodithio) benzothiazole, and thiuram compounds such
as tetramethylthiuram disulfide, tetraethylthiuram disulfide and
dipentamethylenethiuram tetrasulfide. The vulcanizing agents may be
used alone or in combination with each other. In an embodiment,
sulfur is used as the curing agent.
[0023] The rubber compositions of the disclosure also in general
contain one or more curing accelerators. Such accelerators and
co-accelerators are known in the art and include without
limitation, those based on dithiocarbamate, thiazole, amines,
guanidines, xanthates, thioureas, thiurams, dithiophosphates, and
sulfenamides. Non-limiting examples of accelerators include: zinc
diisobutyldithiocarbamate, zinc salt of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole,
hexamethylenetetramine, 1,3diphenyl guanidine, zinc isopropyl
xanthate, trimethyl thiourea, tetrabenzyl thiuram disulfide,
zinc-O--, O-di-n-butylphosphorodithiolate, and
N-t-butyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide.
[0024] Another accelerator suitable for use is a class of xanthogen
polysulfides such as dialkyl xanthogen polysulfide. A non-limiting
example of a dialkyl xanthogen polysulfide is diisopropyl xanthogen
polysulfide, such as is commercially available as Robac AS-IOO,
supplied by Robac Chemicals. Advantageously, Robac AS-IOO is free
of nitrogen, phosphorus, and metallic elements. It is recommended
for use as an accelerator in vulcanization of natural rubber,
synthetic polyisoprene, nitrile rubber, etc. where the formation of
N-nitrosamines and type-4 allergens is of prime concern. The
dialkyl xanthogen polysulfides also act as a sulfur donor.
[0025] The sulfur based curing agents and accelerators together
make up a sulfur curing system. Normally, both the curing agent
(source of sulfur, including soluble and insoluble sulfur, and
including organic and inorganic sulfur) and the accelerator should
be present before carrying out the rubber curing reactions.
[0026] Fillers are used in the rubber compositions to enhance
properties, to save money, to facilitate processing, to improve
physical properties or for other reasons. A variety of filler
materials are known. Such fillers include silica, carbon black,
clay, organic fiber, inorganic metal powder, mineral powder, talc,
calcium sulfate, calcium silicate, and the like. Typical levels of
these and other fillers include from about 10 phr to 100 phr or
higher. In various embodiments, the compositions contain 10-80,
30-70, 40-60, 50-60, or 35-60 phr filler.
[0027] The rubber compositions may also contain other ingredients
in addition to the rubbers, distillates, curatives, and
accelerators. These additives are well-known in the art and include
activators, processing aids, antioxidant packages, pigments, and
the like. Non-limiting examples of specific uses of these additives
are given in the examples.
[0028] Embodiments according to the disclosure include a severely
hydrotreated naphthenic distillate. The compositions include any
suitable amount a severely hydrotreated naphthenic distillate, such
as, but not limited to, less than 30% by weight of severely
hydrotreated naphthenic distillate, less than 20% by weight of
severely hydrotreated naphthenic distillate, or even less than 10%
by weight of severely hydrotreated naphthenic distillate.
Generally, naphthenic oils have a viscosity gravity constant of
about 0.85 as described in ASTM D2501, a glass transition
temperature (Tg) of about -60.degree. C., and a nominal aniline
point of about 90 as described in ASTM D611. The severely
hydrotreated naphthenic distillates used in some embodiments will
typically have a SUS viscosity index less than 125, or a SUS
viscosity index less than 110, or even a SUS viscosity index of 100
or less. In some embodiments, the severely hydrotreated naphthenic
distillate has a viscosity that is generally from about 100 to
about 121 SUS @100 deg F. (37.8 deg C.). Some nonlimiting examples
of severely hydrotreated heavy naphthenic distillates which are
useful in the compositions of the disclosure include HYPRENE.TM.
100, HYPRENE.TM. 60, HYPRENE.TM. 40, each available Ergon, Inc.,
PIONEER.TM. 4320 and NAPREX.TM. 38 available from ExxonMobil
Company.
[0029] The compositions according to the disclosure can be
compounded in conventional rubber processing equipment. In a
typical procedure, all components of the rubber composition are
weighed out. The rubber and additives are then compounded in a
conventional mixer such as a Banbury mixer. If desired, the
compounded rubber may then be further mixed on a roller mill. At
this time, it is possible to add pigments such as carbon black. The
composition may be allowed to mature for a period of hours prior to
the addition of sulfur and accelerators, or they may be added
immediately on the roller mill. It has been found to be
advantageous to add the accelerators into the Banbury mixer in the
later stages of the mixing cycle. Adding the accelerators into the
Banbury mixer generally improves their distribution in the rubber
composition, and aids in the reduction of the cure time and
temperatures that is observed in the compositions of the invention.
In general, the elemental sulfur curing compound is not added into
the Banbury mixer. Organic sulfides (sulfur donating compounds) may
be added to the Banbury mixer.
EXAMPLES
[0030] The following experimental data was generated for the
purpose of further illustrating the nature of some of the
embodiments and aspects of the disclosure, and are not intended as
a limitation on the scope thereof. The following three examples
were prepared to illustrate improved cold condition flexibility in
accordance with some aspects of the disclosure. In the following
examples, a sulfur crosslinker containing cure blend was first
prepared and then added to a productive mixture which includes the
severely hydrotreated naphthenic distillates and crosslinkable
rubber.
Example 1
TABLE-US-00001 [0031] Parts LB204- Parts by 0003 by Raw Material Wt
Blend Productive Wt % Ethylene-propylene ethylidene 55 -- 55 10.03
norbornene rubber Carbon Black 305 -- 305 55.6 Hydrotreated
Residual Oil 133 -- 133 24.24 Zinc Oxide 3 -- 3 0.55 Sulfur 0.5 0.5
-- 0.09 Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide 3 3 -- 0.55
Ethylene-propylene ethylidene 45 -- 45 8.2 norbornene rubber
4,4'-Dithiobismorpholine 0.8 0.8 -- 0.15 Zinc
Dibutyldithiocarbamate 1.5 1.5 -- 0.27 Hexadecanoic/Octadecanoic
acid 1 -- 1 0.18 Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide 0.8 0.8 -- 0.15
LB204-0003 Cure Blend -- -- 6.6 -- Total 548.6 6.6 548.6 100%
Example 2
TABLE-US-00002 [0032] Parts LB204- Parts by 0003 by Raw Material Wt
Blend Productive Wt % Ethylene-propylene ethylidene 53.2 -- 53.2
13.12 norbornene rubber Carbon Black 80 -- 80 19.72 Carbon Black
110 -- 110 27.12 Hydrotreated Residual Oil 87.5 -- 87.5 21.57 Zinc
Oxide 3 -- 3 0.74 Sulfur 0.5 0.5 -- 0.12 Mercaptobenzothiazole
Disulfide 3 3 -- 0.74 4,4'-Dithiobismorpholine 0.8 0.8 -- 0.2
Ethylene-propylene ethylidene 46.8 -- 46.8 11.54 norbornene rubber
Severely Hydrotreated Heavy 17.5 -- 17.5 4.31 Naphthenic Distillate
Zinc Dibutyldithiocarbamate 1.5 1.5 -- 0.37
Hexadecanoic/Octadecanoic acid 1 -- 1 0.25 Tetramethylthiuram
Disulfide 0.8 0.8 -- 0.2 LB204-0003 Cure Blend -- -- 6.6 -- Total
405.6 6.6 405.6 100%
Example 3
TABLE-US-00003 [0033] Parts LB233- Parts by 0001 by Raw Material Wt
Blend Productive Wt % Ethylene-propylene ethylidene 66 -- 66 16.53
norbornene rubber Carbon Black 80 -- 80 20.03 Carbon Black 100 --
100 25.04 Zinc Oxide 5 -- 5 1.25 Sulfur 0.9 0.9 -- 0.23
Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide 3 3 -- 0.75 Ethylene-propylene
ethylidene 34 -- 34 8.51 norbornene rubber Accelerator 2 -- 2 0.5
Severely Hydrotreated Heavy 105 -- 105 26.29 Naphthenic Distillate
Zinc Dibutyldithiocarbamate 1.5 1.5 -- 0.38
Hexadecanoic/Octadecanoic acid 0.65 -- 0.65 0.16 Tetramethylthiuram
Disulfide 1.28 1.28 -- 0.32 LB233-0001 Cure Blend -- -- 0 -- Total
399.33 6.68 399.33 100%
[0034] The compositions prepared in examples 1 through 3 where then
cured by vulcanization, and thereafter, formed into physical
property test samples. The test samples were evaluated for certain
physical properties and aging tests, as detailed below. Testing
results for Examples 1 through 3 are presented in Table 1
below.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 1 Exam- Exam- Exam- SPECIFICATIONS ple 1 ple 2
ple 3 Original Physical Properties (ASTM D412) TENSILE (MPa) >7
7.4 9.7 9.7 ELONGATION (%) >225 338 454 311 100% Modulus (MPa)
data 4 3.5 3.8 HARDNESS SHORE data 77 74 73 A (pts.) Specific
Gravity data 1.26 1.19 1.17 Aging Tests OVEN AGE (70 hrs @ 100 C.)
TENSILE (MPa) 8.1 10.2 10.2 % Change data 6.2 3.7 5 ELONGATION 276
364 216 % Change data -19.2 -22 -31 HARDNESS SHORE 75 79 91 A
Points Change data -0.5 4 19 IRM 903 OIL IMMERSION (70 hrs. @ 100
C.) TENSILE (MPa) 4.82 5.9 6 % Change data -37 -40 -39 ELONGATION
219.4 263 187 % Change data -36 -44 -40 HARDNESS SHORE 33 34 42 A
Points Change data -43 -41 -31 VOLUME CHANGE % Change <100 83 98
83 COLD FLEXIBILITY No Cracks -50 -40 -73 deg C. deg C. deg C.
OZONE (100 hrs @ No Cracks Pass Pass Pass 100 pphm @ 40 C.) ZINC
CHLORIDE* No Cracks Pass NA Pass (200 hrs) *50% zinc chloride
aqueous solution
[0035] As shown in the examples, in a composition combining
severely hydrotreated naphthenic distillates with
ethylene-propylene ethylidene norbornene rubber and subsequently
vulcanizing the composition, cold flexibility was extended to -100
deg F. (-73 deg C.), without bloom or oil bleed, while providing
acceptable or improved physical properties and aging
properties.
[0036] The foregoing description of the embodiments and examples
has been provided for purposes of illustration and description.
Example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be
sufficiently thorough, and will convey the scope to those who are
skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth such as
examples of specific components, devices, and methods, to provide a
thorough understanding of embodiments of the disclosure, but are
not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure. It will
be appreciated that it is within the scope of the disclosure that
individual elements or features of a particular embodiment are
generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but, where
applicable, are interchangeable and can be used in a selected
embodiment, even if not specifically shown or described. The same
may also be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be
regarded as a departure from the disclosure, and all such
modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the
disclosure.
[0037] Also, in some example embodiments, well-known processes,
well-known device structures, and well-known technologies are not
described in detail. Further, it will be readily apparent to those
of skill in the art that in the design, manufacture, and operation
of apparatus to achieve that described in the disclosure,
variations in apparatus design, construction, condition, erosion of
components, gaps between components may present, for example.
[0038] Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used
herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers
and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or
sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be
only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or
section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as
"first," "second," and other numerical terms when used herein do
not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the
context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section
discussed below could be termed a second element, component,
region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of
the example embodiments.
[0039] Spatially relative terms, such as "inner," "outer,"
"beneath," "below," "lower," "above," "upper," and the like, may be
used herein for ease of description to describe one element or
feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as
illustrated in the figures. Spatially relative terms may be
intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use
or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the
figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over,
elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or
features would then be oriented "above" the other elements or
features. Thus, the example term "below" can encompass both an
orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise
oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the
spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted
accordingly.
[0040] Although a few embodiments of the disclosure have been
described in detail above, those of ordinary skill in the art will
readily appreciate that many modifications are possible without
materially departing from the teachings of this disclosure.
Accordingly, such modifications are intended to be included within
the scope of this disclosure as defined in the claims.
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