U.S. patent application number 15/830038 was filed with the patent office on 2018-04-19 for melanocortin receptor ligands.
This patent application is currently assigned to Ipsen Pharma S.A.S.. The applicant listed for this patent is Ipsen Pharma S.A.S.. Invention is credited to Zheng Xin DONG, Jacques-Pierre MOREAU.
Application Number | 20180105557 15/830038 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37637790 |
Filed Date | 2018-04-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180105557 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
DONG; Zheng Xin ; et
al. |
April 19, 2018 |
Melanocortin Receptor Ligands
Abstract
The present invention is directed to compounds according to
formula,
(R.sup.2R.sup.3)-A.sup.1-c(A.sup.2-A.sup.3-A.sup.4-A.sup.5-A.sup.6-A.sup-
.7-A.sup.8-A.sup.9)-A.sup.10-R.sup.1, and
pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof that act as ligands for
one or more of the melanocortin receptors, to methods of using such
compounds to treat mammals and to pharmaceutical compositions
comprising said compounds.
Inventors: |
DONG; Zheng Xin; (Holliston,
MA) ; MOREAU; Jacques-Pierre; (Upton, MA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Ipsen Pharma S.A.S. |
Boulogne-Billancourt |
|
FR |
|
|
Assignee: |
Ipsen Pharma S.A.S.
Boulogne-Billancourt
FR
|
Family ID: |
37637790 |
Appl. No.: |
15/830038 |
Filed: |
December 4, 2017 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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15587426 |
May 5, 2017 |
9850280 |
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15830038 |
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15257970 |
Sep 7, 2016 |
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15587426 |
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13074565 |
Mar 29, 2011 |
9458195 |
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15257970 |
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11988533 |
May 15, 2009 |
8039435 |
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PCT/US2006/026586 |
Jul 10, 2006 |
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13074565 |
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60748850 |
Dec 9, 2005 |
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60697779 |
Jul 8, 2005 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P 15/08 20180101;
A61P 37/06 20180101; A61P 17/02 20180101; A61P 25/32 20180101; A61P
3/08 20180101; A61P 7/00 20180101; A61P 15/06 20180101; A61P 3/04
20180101; A61P 9/12 20180101; A61P 11/06 20180101; A61P 27/02
20180101; A61P 1/04 20180101; A61P 7/08 20180101; A61P 25/26
20180101; A61P 17/10 20180101; A61P 37/02 20180101; A61P 37/04
20180101; A61P 9/00 20180101; A61P 31/00 20180101; A61P 9/02
20180101; A61P 15/00 20180101; A61P 25/28 20180101; A61P 29/00
20180101; A61P 37/08 20180101; A61P 25/18 20180101; A61P 7/04
20180101; A61P 19/02 20180101; A61P 43/00 20180101; C07K 7/08
20130101; A61P 3/02 20180101; A61P 15/02 20180101; A61P 11/00
20180101; A61P 31/04 20180101; A61P 1/14 20180101; A61P 25/02
20180101; A61P 3/10 20180101; A61P 15/10 20180101; A61P 19/06
20180101; A61P 25/00 20180101; A61P 25/24 20180101; A61P 1/00
20180101; A61P 17/06 20180101; A61P 25/22 20180101; A61P 5/00
20180101; A61P 5/24 20180101; A61P 19/08 20180101; A61P 11/08
20180101; A61P 3/06 20180101; C07K 7/06 20130101; A61P 25/04
20180101; A61P 3/00 20180101; A61P 9/10 20180101; A61P 35/00
20180101; A61K 38/00 20130101; A61P 13/12 20180101; C07K 14/665
20130101; A61P 17/00 20180101 |
International
Class: |
C07K 7/06 20060101
C07K007/06 |
Claims
1. A compound according to formula (I):
(R.sup.2R.sup.3)-A.sup.1-c(A.sup.2-A.sup.3-A.sup.4-A.sup.5-A.sup.6-A.sup.-
7-A-A.sup.9)-A.sup.10-R.sup.1 wherein: A.sup.1 is Acc,
HN--(CH.sub.2).sub.m--C(O), L- or D-amino acid or deleted; A.sup.2
is Cys, D-Cys, hCys, D-hCys, Pen, D-Pen, Asp or Glu; A.sup.3 is
Gly, Ala, .beta.-Ala, Gaba, Aib, D-amino acid or deleted; A.sup.4
is His, 2-Pal, 3-Pal, 4-Pal, Taz, 2-Thi, 3-Thi or
(X.sup.1,X.sup.2,X.sup.3,X.sup.4,X.sup.5)Phe; A.sup.5 is D-Phe,
D-1-Nal, D-2-Nal, D-Trp, D-Bal,
D-(X.sup.1,X.sup.2,X.sup.3,X.sup.4,X.sup.5)Phe, L-Phe or D-(Et)Tyr;
A.sup.6 is Arg, hArg, Dab, Dap, Lys, Orn or
HN--CH((CH.sub.2).sub.n--N(R.sup.4R.sup.5))--C(O); A.sup.7 is Trp,
1-Nal, 2-Nal, Bal, Bip, D-Trp, D-1-Nal, D-2-Nal, D-Bal or D-Bip;
A.sup.8 is Gly, D-Ala, Acc, Ala, .beta.-Ala, Gaba, Apn, Ahx, Aha,
HN--(CH.sub.2).sub.s--C(O) or deleted; A.sup.9 is Cys, D-Cys, hCys,
D-hCys, Pen, D-Pen, Dab, Dap, Orn or Lys; A.sup.10 is Acc,
HN--(CH.sub.2).sub.t--C(O), L- or D-amino acid or deleted; R.sup.1
is --OH or --NH.sub.2; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is, independently for
each occurrence, H, (C.sub.1-C.sub.30)alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)heteroalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.30)acyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.30)alkenyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.30)alkynyl,
aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)alkyl, aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)acyl,
substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.30)alkyl, substituted
(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)heteroalkyl, substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.30)acyl,
substituted (C.sub.2-C.sub.30)alkenyl, substituted
(C.sub.2-C.sub.30)alkynyl, substituted aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)alkyl
or substituted aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)acyl; R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 is,
independently for each occurrence, H, (C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)heteroalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.40)acyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.40)alkenyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.40)alkynyl,
aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkyl, aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)acyl,
substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkyl, substituted
(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)heteroalkyl, substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.40)acyl,
substituted (C.sub.2-C.sub.40)alkenyl, substituted
(C.sub.2-C.sub.40)alkynyl, substituted aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkyl,
substituted aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)acyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkylsulfonyl or --C(NH)--NH.sub.2; m is,
independently for each occurrence, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7; n is,
independently for each occurrence, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; s is,
independently for each occurrence, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7; t is,
independently for each occurrence, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7; and
X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, and X.sup.5 each is,
independently for each occurrence, H, F, Cl, Br, I,
(C.sub.1-10)alkyl, substituted (C.sub.1-10)alkyl,
(C.sub.2-10)alkenyl, substituted (C.sub.2-C.sub.10)alkenyl,
(C.sub.2-10)alkynyl, substituted (C.sub.2-10)alkynyl, aryl,
substituted aryl, OH, NH.sub.2, NO.sub.2, or CN; provided that (I).
when R.sup.4 is (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)acyl, aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)acyl,
substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.40)acyl, substituted
aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)acyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkylsulfonyl or
--C(NH)--NH.sub.2, then R.sup.5 is H, (C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)heteroalkyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.40)alkenyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.40)alkynyl, aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkyl, substituted
(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkyl, substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.40)heteroalkyl,
substituted (C.sub.2-C.sub.40)alkenyl, substituted
(C.sub.2-C.sub.40)alkynyl or substituted
aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkyl; (II). when R.sup.2 is
(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)acyl, aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)acyl, substituted
(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)acyl or substituted aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)acyl,
then R.sup.3 is H, (C.sub.1-C.sub.30)alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)heteroalkyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.30)alkenyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.30)alkynyl, aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)alkyl, substituted
(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)alkyl, substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.30)heteroalkyl,
substituted (C.sub.2-C.sub.30)alkenyl, substituted
(C.sub.2-C.sub.30)alkynyl or substituted
aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)alkyl; (III). either A.sup.3 or A.sup.8 or
both must be present in said compound; (IV). when A.sup.2 is Cys,
D-Cys, hCys, D-hCys, Pen or D-Pen, then A.sup.9 is Cys, D-Cys,
hCys, D-hCys, Pen or D-Pen; (V). when A.sup.2 is Asp or Glu, then
A.sup.9 is Dab, Dap, Orn or Lys; (VI). when A.sup.8 is Ala or Gly,
then A.sup.1 is not Nle; and (VII). when A.sup.1 is deleted, then
R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 cannot both be H; or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof.
2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein: A.sup.1 is A6c, Gaba,
Nle, Met, Phe, D-Phe, D-2-Nal, hPhe, Chg, D-Chg, Cha, hCha, hPro,
hLeu, Nip, fi-hMet or Oic; A.sup.2 is Cys, D-Cys, hCys, D-hCys,
Pen, D-Pen, Asp or Glu; A.sup.3 is Gly, Ala, D-Ala, D-Glu,
.beta.-Ala, Gaba, Aib or deleted; A.sup.4 is His; A.sup.5 is D-Phe,
D-1-Nal, D-2-Nal, D-Trp, D-Bal or D-(Et)Tyr; A.sup.6 is Arg or
hArg; A.sup.7 is Trp, Bip, D-Trp, 1-Nal or 2-Nal; A.sup.8 is A6c,
Ala, .beta.-Ala, Gaba, Apn or Ahx; A.sup.9 is Cys, D-Cys, hCys,
D-hCys, Pen, D-Pen or Lys; and A.sup.10 is Thr or deleted; or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
3. A compound according to claim 2, wherein: R.sup.2 and R.sup.3
is, independently for each occurrence, H, acyl, n-propanoyl or
n-butanoyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
4. A compound according claim 1, wherein: A.sup.1 is Acc, Arg,
D-Arg, Cha, D-Cha, hCha, Chg, D-Chg, Gaba, Ile, Leu, hLeu,
.beta.-hMet, 2-Nal, D-2-Nal, Nip, Nle, Oic, Phe, D-Phe, hPhe, hPro,
Val or deleted; A.sup.2 is Cys, D-Cys, Pen or Asp; A.sup.3 is Gly,
Ala, .beta.-Ala, Gaba, Aib, D-Ala, D-Abu, D-Cha, D-Ile, D-Leu,
D-Tle, D-Val or deleted; A.sup.4 is His or 3-Pal; A.sup.5 is D-Phe,
D-2-Nal or D-(Et)Tyr; A.sup.6 is Arg or hArg; A.sup.7 is Trp,
1-Nal, 2-Nal, Bal, Bip or D-Trp; A.sup.8 is Gly, D-Ala, Acc, Ala,
.beta.-Ala, Gaba, Apn, Ahx, Aha or deleted; A.sup.9 is Cys, D-Cys,
Pen or Lys; and A.sup.10 is Thr or deleted; provided that either
A.sup.3 or A.sup.8 is deleted, but not both; or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof.
5. A compound according to claim 4, wherein said compound is:
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-A6c-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ahx-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-A6c-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-D-2-Nal-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-.beta.-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Gaba-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Aib-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Gly-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-.beta.-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Gaba-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Aib-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Gly-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-.beta.-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Gaba-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Aib-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Gly-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-.beta.-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Gaba-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Aib-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Oic-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Chg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-hCha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-D-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nip-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-hPro-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-hLeu-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-hCha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Phe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-D-Phe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-D-Chg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
n-butanoyl-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-hPhe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-.beta.-hMet-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Gaba-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-hCha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Leu-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-hLeu-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Phe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-D-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Aha-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Apn-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Ahx-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-D-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-2-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-1-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
n-butanoyl-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-2-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
n-butanoyl-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-2-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-1-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Bal-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Glu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Bal-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2;
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-hArg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Bip-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D (Et)Tyr-hArg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-hArg-Bip-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-hArg-Bip-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Bal-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-OH;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Abu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Val-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ile-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Leu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Tle-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Cha-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Leu-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Cha-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Ile-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Val-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-2-Nal-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-3-Pal-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-OH;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Bala-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Ahx-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-hPhe-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Lys)-OH;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ahx-Cys)-OH;
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-OH;
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-OH;
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-D-Cys)-Thr-OH;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Cys)-OH;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Lys)-OH;
Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-OH;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-OH;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-OH;
Ac-Chg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-OH;
Ac-D-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-OH;
Ac-hCha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-OH;
Ac-D-Chg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-OH;
Ac-hPhe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-OH;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-OH;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Ahx-Cys)-OH;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Cys)-OH;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-D-Ala-Cys)-OH;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-OH;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-2-Nal-Cys)-OH;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-1-Nal-Cys)-OH;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Bal-Cys)-OH;
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-OH;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-OH;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-OH; or
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
6. A compound according to claim 5, wherein said compound is:
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-OH;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-OH; or
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-OH; or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof.
7. A compound according claim 1, wherein: A.sup.1 is Arg, D-Arg,
Cha, hCha, Chg, D-Chg, Ile, Leu, 2-Nal, Nle, Phe, D-Phe, hPhe, Val
or deleted; A.sup.2 is Cys, Pen or Asp; A.sup.3 is D-Ala, D-Abu,
D-Cha, D-Ile, D-Leu, D-Tle, D-Val or deleted; A.sup.4 is His or
3-Pal; A.sup.5 is D-Phe, D-2-Nal or D-(Et)Tyr; A.sup.6 is Arg or
hArg; A.sup.7 is Trp, 2-Nal, Bal, Bip or D-Trp; A.sup.8 is Gly,
Ala, .beta.-Ala, Gaba, Apn, Ahx or deleted; A.sup.9 is Cys, D-Cys,
Pen or Lys; A.sup.10 is Thr or deleted; and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is,
independently for each occurrence, H or acyl; or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof.
8. A compound according to claim 7, wherein said compound is:
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-D-Arg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Arg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2;
Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ahx-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Chg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-hCha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-D-Chg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-hPhe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2;
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-hArg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Bip-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-hArg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-hArg-Bip-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-hArg-Bip-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Bal-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-OH;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Abu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Val-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ile-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Leu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Tle-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Cha-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Leu-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Cha-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Ile-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Val-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-2-Nal-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-3-Pal-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-OH;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-2-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Bal-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Ahx-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-hPhe-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; or
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
9. A compound according to claim 1, wherein: A.sup.1 is Arg, D-Arg,
hArg or D-hArg; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
10. A compound according to claim 9, wherein A.sup.2 is Cys, D-Cys,
hCys, D-hCys, Pen, D-Pen, Asp or Glu; A.sup.3 is Gly, Ala, D-Ala,
D-Glu, .beta.-Ala, Gaba, Aib or deleted; A.sup.4 is His; A.sup.5 is
D-Phe, D-1-Nal, D-2-Nal, D-Trp, D-Bal or D-(Et)Tyr; A.sup.6 is Arg
or hArg; A.sup.7 is Trp, Bip, D-Trp, 1-Nal or 2-Nal; A.sup.8 is
A6c, Ala, .beta.-Ala, Gaba, Apn or Ahx; A.sup.9 is Cys, D-Cys,
hCys, D-hCys, Pen, D-Pen or Lys; A.sup.10 is Thr or deleted; or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
11. A compound according to claim 10, wherein: R.sup.2 and R.sup.3
is, independently for each occurrence, H, acyl, n-propanoyl or
n-butanoyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
12. A compound according to claim 11, wherein A.sup.2 is Cys or
Asp; A.sup.3 is D-Ala or deleted; A.sup.4 is His; A.sup.5 is D-Phe
or D-2-Nal; A.sup.6 is Arg; A.sup.7 is Trp; A.sup.8 is Ala, Gaba or
deleted; A.sup.9 is Cys, Pen or Lys; A.sup.10 is deleted; or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
13. A compound according to claim 12, wherein: R.sup.2 and R.sup.3
is, independently for each occurrence, H or acyl; or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
14. A compound according to claim 13, wherein said compound is:
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-D-Arg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Arg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; or
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; or
pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
15. A compound according to claim 14, wherein said compound is:
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2; or
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
16. A compound according to claim 15, wherein said compound is:
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
17. A compound according to claim 15, wherein said compound is:
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2; or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
18. A compound according to claim 15, wherein said compound is:
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically
effective amount of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to
18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
20. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19, wherein
said compound is a selective melanocortin-4 receptor agonist or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
21. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 20, wherein
said compound is a selective melanocortin-4 receptor agonist or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with a functional activity
characterized by an EC.sub.50 at least 15-fold more selective for
the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin-1
receptor, the human melanocortin-3 receptor and the human
melanocortin-5 receptor.
22. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 21, wherein the
functional activity of the melanocortin-4 receptor agonist is
characterized by an EC.sub.50 at least 17-fold more selective for
the human melanocortin-4 receptor than for the human melanocortin-3
receptor.
23. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 21, wherein the
functional activity of the melanocortin-4 receptor agonist is
characterized by an EC.sub.50 at least 90-fold more selective for
the human melanocortin-4 receptor than for the human melanocortin-3
receptor.
24. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 21, wherein the
functional activity of the melanocortin-4 receptor agonist is
characterized by an EC.sub.50 at least 200-fold more selective for
the human melanocortin-4 receptor than for the human melanocortin-5
receptor.
25. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 21, wherein the
functional activity of the melanocortin-4 receptor agonist is
characterized by an EC.sub.50 at least 3000-fold more selective for
the human melanocortin-4 receptor than for the human melanocortin-5
receptor.
26. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 useful for
treating an acute or chronic inflammatory disease or medical
condition wherein said disease or condition is selected from the
group consisting of general inflammation, inflammatory bowel
disease, brain inflammation, sepsis and septic shock.
27. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 useful for
treating a disease or medical condition with an autoimmune
component wherein said disease or condition is selected from the
group consisting of rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis and
multiple sclerosis.
28. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 useful for
treating a metabolic disease or medical condition accompanied by
weight gain wherein said disease or condition is selected from the
group consisting of obesity, feeding disorders and Prader-Willi
Syndrome.
29. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 28, wherein
obesity is treated.
30. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 28, wherein a
feeding disorder is treated.
31. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 useful for
decreasing food intake.
32. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 useful for
decreasing body weight.
33. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 useful for
decreasing food intake and decreasing body weight.
34. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 31 useful for
decreasing food intake wherein said compound is selected from the
group consisting of
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2 and
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
35. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 34 useful for
decreasing food intake wherein said compound is
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
36. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 34 useful for
decreasing food intake wherein said compound is
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
37. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 34 useful for
decreasing food intake wherein said compound is
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
38. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 32 useful for
decreasing body weight wherein said compound is selected from the
group consisting of
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2 and
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
39. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 38 useful for
decreasing food intake wherein said compound is
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
40. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 38 useful for
decreasing food intake wherein said compound is
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
41. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 38 useful for
decreasing food intake wherein said compound is
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
42. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 33 useful for
decreasing food intake and decreasing body weight wherein said
compound is selected from the group consisting of
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2 and
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
43. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 42 useful for
decreasing food intake wherein said compound is
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
44. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 42 useful for
decreasing food intake wherein said compound is
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
45. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 42 useful for
decreasing food intake wherein said compound is
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
46. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 useful for
treating a metabolic disease or medical condition accompanied by
weight loss wherein said disease or condition is selected from the
group consisting of anorexia, bulimia, AIDS wasting, cachexia,
cancer cachexia and wasting in frail elderly.
47. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 46 useful for
treating anorexia.
48. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 46 useful for
treating bulimia.
49. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 46 useful for
treating AIDS wasting or wasting in frail elderly.
50. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 46 useful for
treating cachexia or cancer cachexia.
51. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 useful for
treating a neoplastic disease or medical condition wherein said
disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of skin
cancer and cancer cachexia.
52. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 useful for
treating a reproductive or sexual medical condition wherein said
disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of
endometriosis, uterine bleeding, sexual dysfunction, erectile
dysfunction and decreased sexual response in females.
53. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 useful for
treating a disease or medical condition resulting from treatment or
insult to an organism wherein said disease or condition is selected
from the group consisting of organ transplant rejection, ischemia
and reperfusion injury, wounding and spinal cord injury, and weight
loss due to a medical procedure selected from the group consisting
of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, temporary or permanent
immobilization and dialysis.
54. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 useful for
treating a cardiovascular disease or medical condition wherein said
disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of
hemorrhagic shock, cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock,
cardiovascular disorders and cardiac cachexia.
55. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 useful for
treating a pulmonary disease or medical condition wherein said
disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of acute
respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma.
56. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 useful for
treating a disease or medical condition wherein said disease or
condition is selected from the group consisting of enhanced immune
tolerance and allergies.
57. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 useful for
treating a dermatological disease or medical condition wherein said
disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of
psoriasis, skin pigmentation depletion, acne and keloid
formation.
58. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 useful for
treating a behavioral or central nervous system or neuronal disease
or medical condition wherein said disease or condition is selected
from the group consisting of anxiety, depression, memory
dysfunction and neuropathic pain.
59. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 useful for
treating a renal disease or medical condition wherein said disease
or condition is selected from the group consisting of renal
cachexia and natriuresis.
60. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 useful for
modulating ovarian weight, placental development, prolactin
secretion, FSH secretion, intrauterine fetal growth, parturition,
spermatogenesis, thyroxin release, aldosterone synthesis and
release, body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, vascular
tone, brain blood flow, blood glucose levels, sebum secretion,
pheromone secretion, motivation, learning and behavior, pain
perception, neuroprotection and nerve growth.
61. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 useful for
modulating bone metabolism, bone formation and bone
development.
62. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19 useful for
inhibiting alcohol consumption, for reducing alcohol consumption,
for treating alcoholism, or for treating alcohol abuse.
63. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 62 useful for
inhibiting alcohol consumption wherein said compound of said
pharmaceutical composition is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor
agonist.
64. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 62 useful for
reducing alcohol consumption wherein said compound of said
pharmaceutical composition is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor
agonist.
65. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 62 useful for
treating alcoholism wherein said compound of said pharmaceutical
composition is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist.
66. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 62 useful for
treating alcohol abuse wherein said compound of said pharmaceutical
composition is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist.
67. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 63 useful for
inhibiting alcohol consumption wherein said compound of said
pharmaceutical composition is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor
agonist exhibiting a functional activity characterized by an
EC.sub.50 at least 15-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 1 receptor,
the human melanocortin 3 receptor and the human melanocortin 5
receptor.
68. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 67 useful for
inhibiting alcohol consumption wherein said compound of said
pharmaceutical composition is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor
agonist exhibiting a function activity characterized by an
EC.sub.50 at least 17-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 3
receptor.
69. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 67 useful for
inhibiting alcohol consumption wherein said compound of said
pharmaceutical composition is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor
agonist exhibiting a function activity characterized by an
EC.sub.50 at least 90-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 3
receptor.
70. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 67 useful for
inhibiting alcohol consumption wherein said compound of said
pharmaceutical composition is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor
agonist exhibiting a function activity characterized by an
EC.sub.50 at least 200-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 5
receptor.
71. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 67 useful for
inhibiting alcohol consumption wherein said compound of said
pharmaceutical composition is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor
agonist exhibiting a function activity characterized by an
EC.sub.50 at least 3000-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 5
receptor.
72. The use of a therapeutically effective amount of a melanocortin
4 receptor agonist according to any one of claims 1 to 18, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a
medicament useful to inhibit alcohol consumption in a subject in
need of such treatment.
73. The use of a therapeutically effective amount of a melanocortin
4 receptor agonist of according to any one of claims 1 to 18, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a
medicament useful to reduce alcohol consumption in a subject in
need of such treatment.
74. The use of a therapeutically effective amount of a melanocortin
4 receptor agonist according to any one of claims 1 to 18, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a
medicament useful to treat alcoholism in a subject in need of such
treatment.
75. The use of a therapeutically effective amount of a melanocortin
4 receptor agonist according to any one of claims 1 to 18, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a
medicament useful to treat alcohol abuse in a subject in need of
such treatment.
76. A method of eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a
melanocortin receptor in a subject in need thereof which comprises
administering to said subject a therapeutically effective amount of
a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 18, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
77. A method according to claim 76, wherein said compound is a
selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist.
78. A method according to claim 77, wherein said compound is a
selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist with a functional
activity characterized by an EC.sub.50 at least 15-fold more
selective for the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human
melanocortin 1 receptor, the human melanocortin 3 receptor and the
human melanocortin 5 receptor.
79. A method according to claim 78, wherein the functional activity
of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist is characterized by an
EC.sub.50 at least 17-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 3
receptor.
80. A method according to claim 78, wherein the functional activity
of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist is characterized by an
EC.sub.50 at least 90-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 3
receptor.
81. A method according to claim 78, wherein the functional activity
of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist is characterized by an
EC.sub.50 at least 200-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 5
receptor.
82. A method according to claim 78, wherein the functional activity
of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist is characterized by an
EC.sub.50 at least 3000-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 5
receptor.
83. A method of treating an acute or chronic inflammatory disease
or medical condition by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect
from a melanocortin receptor according to claim 76, wherein said
disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of
general inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, brain
inflammation, sepsis and septic shock.
84. A method of treating a disease or medical condition with an
autoimmune component by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect
from a melanocortin receptor according to claim 76, wherein said
disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of
rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
85. A method of treating a metabolic disease or medical condition
accompanied by weight gain by eliciting an agonist or antagonist
effect from a melanocortin receptor according to claim 76, wherein
said disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of
obesity, feeding disorders and Prader-Willi Syndrome.
86. A method according to claim 85, wherein obesity is treated.
87. A method according to claim 85, wherein a feeding disorder is
treated.
88. A method of decreasing food intake according to claim 76.
89. A method of decreasing body weight according to claim 76.
90. A method of decreasing food intake and decreasing body weight
by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin
receptor according to claim 76.
91. A method of decreasing food intake by eliciting an agonist or
antagonist effect from a melanocortin receptor according to claim
88 wherein said compound is
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2 or
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
92. A method according to claim 91, wherein said compound is
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
93. A method according to claim 91, wherein said compound is
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
94. A method according to claim 91, wherein said compound is
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
95. A method of decreasing body weight by eliciting an agonist or
antagonist effect from a melanocortin receptor according to claim
89 wherein said compound is
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2 or
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
96. A method according to claim 95, wherein said compound is
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
97. A method according to claim 95, wherein said compound is
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
98. A method according to claim 95, wherein said compound is
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
99. A method of decreasing food intake and decreasing body weight
by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin
receptor according to claim 90 wherein said compound is
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2, or
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
100. A method according to claim 99, wherein said compound is 22493
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
101. A method according to claim 99, wherein said compound is
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
102. A method according to claim 99, wherein said compound is
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
103. A method of treating a metabolic disease or medical condition
accompanied by weight loss by eliciting an agonist or antagonist
effect from a melanocortin receptor according to claim 76, wherein
said disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of
anorexia, bulimia, AIDS wasting, cachexia, cancer cachexia and
wasting in frail elderly.
104. A method according to claim 103, wherein anorexia is
treated.
105. A method according to claim 103, wherein bulimia is
treated.
106. A method according to claim 103, wherein AIDS wasting or
wasting in frail elderly is treated.
107. A method according to claim 103, wherein cachexia or cancer
cachexia is treated.
108. A method of treating a neoplastic disease or medical condition
by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin
receptor according to claim 76, wherein said disease or condition
is selected from the group consisting of skin cancer and cancer
cachexia.
109. A method of treating a reproductive or sexual medical
condition by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a
melanocortin receptor according to claim 76, wherein said disease
or condition is selected from the group consisting of
endometriosis, uterine bleeding, sexual dysfunction, erectile
dysfunction and decreased sexual response in females.
110. A method of treating a disease or medical condition resulting
from treatment or insult to an organism by eliciting an agonist or
antagonist effect from a melanocortin receptor according to claim
76, wherein said disease or condition is selected from the group
consisting of organ transplant rejection, ischemia and reperfusion
injury, wounding and spinal cord injury, and weight loss due to a
medical procedure selected from the group consisting of
chemotherapy, radiation therapy, temporary or permanent
immobilization and dialysis.
111. A method of treating a cardiovascular disease or medical
condition by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a
melanocortin receptor according to claim 76, wherein said disease
or condition is selected from the group consisting of hemorrhagic
shock, cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock, cardiovascular
disorders and cardiac cachexia.
112. A method of treating a pulmonary disease or medical condition
by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin
receptor according to claim 76, wherein said disease or condition
is selected from the group consisting of acute respiratory distress
syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
and asthma.
113. A method of treating a disease or medical condition by
eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin
receptor according to claim 76, wherein said disease or condition
is selected from the group consisting of enhanced immune tolerance
and allergies.
114. A method of treating a dermatological disease or medical
condition by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a
melanocortin receptor according to claim 76, wherein said disease
or condition is selected from the group consisting of psoriasis,
skin pigmentation depletion, acne and keloid formation.
115. A method of treating a behavioral or central nervous system or
neuronal disease or medical condition by eliciting an agonist or
antagonist effect from a melanocortin receptor according to claim
76, wherein said disease or condition is selected from the group
consisting of anxiety, depression, memory dysfunction and
neuropathic pain.
116. A method of treating a renal disease or medical condition by
eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin
receptor according to claim 76, wherein said disease or condition
is selected from the group consisting of renal cachexia and
natriuresis.
117. A method of modulating ovarian weight, placental development,
prolactin secretion, FSH secretion, intrauterine fetal growth,
parturition, spermatogenesis, thyroxin release, aldosterone
synthesis and release, body temperature, blood pressure, heart
rate, vascular tone, brain blood flow, blood glucose levels, sebum
secretion, pheromone secretion, motivation, learning and behavior,
pain perception, neuroprotection and nerve growth by eliciting an
agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin receptor according
to claim 76.
118. A method of modulating bone metabolism, bone formation and
bone development by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from
a melanocortin receptor according to claim 76.
119. A method of inhibiting alcohol consumption, reducing alcohol
consumption, treating alcoholism, or treating alcohol abuse by
eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin
receptor according to claim 76.
120. A method of inhibiting alcohol consumption according to claim
119, wherein said compound of said pharmaceutical composition is a
selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist.
121. A method of reducing alcohol consumption according to claim
119, wherein said compound of said pharmaceutical composition is a
selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist.
122. A method of treating alcoholism according to claim 119,
wherein said compound of said pharmaceutical composition is a
selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist.
123. A method of treating alcohol abuse according to claim 119,
wherein said compound of said pharmaceutical composition is a
selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist.
124. A method of inhibiting alcohol consumption according to claim
120, wherein said compound of said pharmaceutical composition is a
selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist with a functional
activity characterized by an EC.sub.50 at least 15-fold more
selective for the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human
melanocortin 1 receptor, the human melanocortin 3 receptor and the
human melanocortin 5 receptor.
125. A method according to claim 124, wherein the functional
activity of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist is characterized by
an EC.sub.50 at least 17-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 3
receptor.
126. A method according to claim 124, wherein the functional
activity of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist is characterized by
an EC.sub.50 at least 90-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 3
receptor.
127. A method according to claim 124, wherein the functional
activity of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist is characterized by
an EC.sub.50 at least 200-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 5
receptor.
128. A method according to claim 124, wherein the functional
activity of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist is characterized by
an EC.sub.50 at least 3000-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 5
receptor.
129. The use of a therapeutically effective amount of a
melanocortin 4 receptor agonist or antagonist according to any one
of claims 1-18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for
the manufacture of a medicament useful to treat a disease or
condition selected from the group consisting of general
inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, brain inflammation,
sepsis, septic shock, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis,
multiple sclerosis, a metabolic disease or medical condition
accompanied by weight gain, obesity, feeding disorders,
Prader-Willi Syndrome, a metabolic disease or medical condition
accompanied by weight loss, anorexia, bulimia, AIDS wasting,
cachexia, cancer cachexia, wasting in frail elderly, skin cancer,
endometriosis, uterine bleeding, sexual dysfunction, erectile
dysfunction, decreased sexual response in females, organ transplant
rejection, ischemia and reperfusion injury, wounding and spinal
cord injury, weight loss due to a medical procedure selected from
the group consisting of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, temporary
or permanent immobilization and dialysis, hemorrhagic shock,
cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock, cardiovascular disorders,
cardiac cachexia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary
fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, enhanced
immune tolerance, allergies, psoriasis, skin pigmentation
depletion, acne, keloid formation, anxiety, depression, memory
dysfunction, neuropathic pain, renal cachexia and natriuresis.
130. The use of a therapeutically effective amount of a
melanocortin 4 receptor agonist or antagonist according to any one
of claims 1-18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for
the manufacture of a medicament useful to modulate ovarian weight,
placental development, prolactin secretion, FSH secretion,
intrauterine fetal growth, parturition, spermatogenesis, thyroxin
release, aldosterone synthesis and release, body temperature, blood
pressure, heart rate, vascular tone, brain blood flow, blood
glucose levels, sebum secretion, pheromone secretion, motivation,
learning and behavior, pain perception, neuroprotection, nerve
growth, bone metabolism, bone formation and bone development.
131. A compound according to formula II:
(R.sup.2R.sup.3)-A.sup.1-c(A.sup.2-A.sup.3-A.sup.4-A.sup.5-A.sup.6-A.sup.-
7-A.sup.8-A.sup.9)-NH.sub.2 wherein: A.sup.1 is Nle or deleted;
A.sup.2 is Cys or Asp; A.sup.3 is Glu or D-Ala; A.sup.4 is His;
A.sup.5 is D-Phe; A.sup.6 is Arg; A.sup.7 is Trp, 2-Nal or Bal;
A.sup.8 is Gly, Ala, D-Ala, .beta.-Ala, Gaba or Apn; A.sup.9 is Cys
or Lys; each of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is independently selected from
the group consisting of H or (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)acyl; provided that
(I). when R.sup.2 is (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)acyl, then R.sup.3 is H; and
(II). when A.sup.2 is Cys, then A.sup.9 is Cys, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
132. A compound according to claim 131, wherein said compound is:
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-c(Cys-Glu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-c(Cys-Glu-His-D-Phe-Arg-2-Nal-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-2-Nal-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; or
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Bal-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
133. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically
effective amount of a compound according to any one of claim 131 or
132, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
134. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 133, wherein
said compound is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
135. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 134, wherein
said compound is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a functional
activity characterized by an EC.sub.50 at least 15-fold more
selective for the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human
melanocortin 1 receptor, the human melanocortin 3 receptor and the
human melanocortin 5 receptor.
136. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 135, wherein
the functional activity of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist is
characterized by an EC.sub.50 at least 17-fold more selective for
the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 3
receptor.
137. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 135, wherein
the functional activity of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist is
characterized by an EC.sub.50 at least 90-fold more selective for
the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 3
receptor.
138. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 135, wherein
the functional activity of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist is
characterized by an EC.sub.50 at least 200-fold more selective for
the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 5
receptor.
139. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 135, wherein
the functional activity of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist is
characterized by an EC.sub.50 at least 3000-fold more selective for
the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 5
receptor.
140. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 133 useful for
treating an acute or chronic inflammatory disease or medical
condition wherein said disease or condition is selected from the
group consisting of general inflammation, inflammatory bowel
disease, brain inflammation, sepsis and septic shock.
141. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 133 useful for
treating a disease or medical condition with an autoimmune
component wherein said disease or condition is selected from the
group consisting of rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis and
multiple sclerosis.
142. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 133 useful for
treating a metabolic disease or medical condition accompanied by
weight gain wherein said disease or condition is selected from the
group consisting of obesity, feeding disorders and Prader-Willi
Syndrome.
143. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 142, wherein
obesity is treated.
144. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 142, wherein a
feeding disorder is treated.
145. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 133 useful for
decreasing food intake.
146. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 133 useful for
decreasing body weight.
147. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 133 useful for
decreasing food intake and decreasing body weight.
148. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 133 useful for
treating a metabolic disease or medical condition accompanied by
weight loss wherein said disease or condition is selected from the
group consisting of anorexia, bulimia, AIDS wasting, cachexia,
cancer cachexia and wasting in frail elderly.
149. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 148 useful for
treating anorexia.
150. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 148 useful for
treating bulimia.
151. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 148 useful for
treating AIDS wasting or wasting in frail elderly.
152. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 148 useful for
treating cachexia or cancer cachexia.
153. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 133 useful for
treating a neoplastic disease or medical condition wherein said
disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of skin
cancer and cancer cachexia.
154. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 133 useful for
treating a reproductive or sexual medical condition wherein said
disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of
endometriosis, uterine bleeding, sexual dysfunction, erectile
dysfunction and decreased sexual response in females.
155. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 133 useful for
treating a disease or medical condition resulting from treatment or
insult to an organism wherein said disease or condition is selected
from the group consisting of organ transplant rejection, ischemia
and reperfusion injury, wounding and spinal cord injury, and weight
loss due to a medical procedure selected from the group consisting
of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, temporary or permanent
immobilization and dialysis.
156. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 133 useful for
treating a cardiovascular disease or medical condition wherein said
disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of
hemorrhagic shock, cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock,
cardiovascular disorders and cardiac cachexia.
157. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 133 useful for
treating a pulmonary disease or medical condition wherein said
disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of acute
respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma.
158. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 133 useful for
treating a disease or medical condition wherein said disease or
condition is selected from the group consisting of enhanced immune
tolerance and allergies.
159. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 133 useful for
treating a dermatological disease or medical condition wherein said
disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of
psoriasis, skin pigmentation depletion, acne and keloid
formation.
160. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 133 useful for
treating a behavioral or central nervous system or neuronal disease
or medical condition wherein said disease or condition is selected
from the group consisting of anxiety, depression, memory
dysfunction and neuropathic pain.
161. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 133 useful for
treating a renal disease or medical condition wherein said disease
or condition is selected from the group consisting of renal
cachexia and natriuresis.
162. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 133 useful for
modulating ovarian weight, placental development, prolactin
secretion, FSH secretion, intrauterine fetal growth, parturition,
spermatogenesis, thyroxin release, aldosterone synthesis and
release, body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, vascular
tone, brain blood flow, blood glucose levels, sebum secretion,
pheromone secretion, motivation, learning and behavior, pain
perception, neuroprotection and nerve growth.
163. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 133 useful for
modulating bone metabolism, bone formation and bone
development.
164. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 133 useful for
inhibiting alcohol consumption, for reducing alcohol consumption,
for treating alcoholism, or for treating alcohol abuse.
165. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 164 useful for
inhibiting alcohol consumption wherein said compound of said
pharmaceutical composition is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor
agonist.
166. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 164 useful for
reducing alcohol consumption wherein said compound of said
pharmaceutical composition is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor
agonist.
167. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 164 useful for
treating alcoholism wherein said compound of said pharmaceutical
composition is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist.
168. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 164 useful for
treating alcohol abuse wherein said compound of said pharmaceutical
composition is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist.
169. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 165 useful for
inhibiting alcohol consumption wherein said compound of said
pharmaceutical composition is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor
agonist exhibiting a functional activity characterized by an
EC.sub.50 at least 15-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 1 receptor,
the human melanocortin 3 receptor and the human melanocortin 5
receptor.
170. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 169 useful for
inhibiting alcohol consumption wherein said compound of said
pharmaceutical composition is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor
agonist exhibiting a function activity characterized by an
EC.sub.50 at least 17-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 3
receptor.
171. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 169 useful for
inhibiting alcohol consumption wherein said compound of said
pharmaceutical composition is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor
agonist exhibiting a function activity characterized by an
EC.sub.50 at least 90-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 3
receptor.
172. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 169 useful for
inhibiting alcohol consumption wherein said compound of said
pharmaceutical composition is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor
agonist exhibiting a function activity characterized by an
EC.sub.50 at least 200-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 5
receptor.
173. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 169 useful for
inhibiting alcohol consumption wherein said compound of said
pharmaceutical composition is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor
agonist exhibiting a function activity characterized by an
EC.sub.50 at least 3000-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 5
receptor.
174. The use of a therapeutically effective amount of a
melanocortin 4 receptor agonist according to any one of claim 131
or 132, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the
manufacture of a medicament useful to inhibit alcohol consumption
in a subject in need of such treatment.
175. The use of a therapeutically effective amount of a
melanocortin 4 receptor agonist of according to any one of claim
131 or 132, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the
manufacture of a medicament useful to reduce alcohol consumption in
a subject in need of such treatment.
176. The use of a therapeutically effective amount of a
melanocortin 4 receptor agonist according to any one of claim 131
or 132, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the
manufacture of a medicament useful to treat alcoholism in a subject
in need of such treatment.
177. The use of a therapeutically effective amount of a
melanocortin 4 receptor agonist according to c any one of claim 131
or 132, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the
manufacture of a medicament useful to treat alcohol abuse in a
subject in need of such treatment.
178. A method of eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a
melanocortin receptor in a subject in need thereof which comprises
administering to said subject a therapeutically effective amount of
a compound according to any one of claim 131 or 132, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
179. A method according to claim 178, wherein said compound is a
selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist.
180. A method according to claim 179, wherein said compound is a
selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist with a functional
activity characterized by an EC.sub.50 at least 15-fold more
selective for the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human
melanocortin 1 receptor, the human melanocortin 3 receptor and the
human melanocortin 5 receptor.
181. A method according to claim 180, wherein the functional
activity of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist is characterized by
an EC.sub.50 at least 17-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 3
receptor.
182. A method according to claim 180, wherein the functional
activity of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist is characterized by
an EC.sub.50 at least 90-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 3
receptor.
183. A method according to claim 180, wherein the functional
activity of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist is characterized by
an EC.sub.50 at least 200-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 5
receptor.
184. A method according to claim 180, wherein the functional
activity of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist is characterized by
an EC.sub.50 at least 3000-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 5
receptor.
185. A method of treating an acute or chronic inflammatory disease
or medical condition by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect
from a melanocortin receptor according to claim 178, wherein said
disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of
general inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, brain
inflammation, sepsis and septic shock.
186. A method of treating a disease or medical condition with an
autoimmune component by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect
from a melanocortin receptor according to claim 178, wherein said
disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of
rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
187. A method of treating a metabolic disease or medical condition
accompanied by weight gain by eliciting an agonist or antagonist
effect from a melanocortin receptor according to claim 178, wherein
said disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of
obesity, feeding disorders and Prader-Willi Syndrome.
188. A method according to claim 187, wherein obesity is
treated.
189. A method according to claim 187 wherein a feeding disorder is
treated.
190. A method of decreasing food intake according to claim 178.
191. A method of decreasing body weight according to claim 178.
192. A method of decreasing food intake and decreasing body weight
by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin
receptor according to claim 178.
193. A method of treating a metabolic disease or medical condition
accompanied by weight loss by eliciting an agonist or antagonist
effect from a melanocortin receptor according to claim 178, wherein
said disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of
anorexia, bulimia, AIDS wasting, cachexia, cancer cachexia and
wasting in frail elderly.
194. A method according to claim 193, wherein anorexia is
treated.
195. A method according to claim 193, wherein bulimia is
treated.
196. A method according to claim 193, wherein AIDS wasting or
wasting in frail elderly is treated.
197. A method according to claim 193, wherein cachexia or cancer
cachexia is treated.
198. A method of treating a neoplastic disease or medical condition
by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin
receptor according to claim 178, wherein said disease or condition
is selected from the group consisting of skin cancer and cancer
cachexia.
199. A method of treating a reproductive or sexual medical
condition by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a
melanocortin receptor according to claim 178, wherein said disease
or condition is selected from the group consisting of
endometriosis, uterine bleeding, sexual dysfunction, erectile
dysfunction and decreased sexual response in females.
200. A method of treating a disease or medical condition resulting
from treatment or insult to an organism by eliciting an agonist or
antagonist effect from a melanocortin receptor according to claim
178, wherein said disease or condition is selected from the group
consisting of organ transplant rejection, ischemia and reperfusion
injury, wounding and spinal cord injury, and weight loss due to a
medical procedure selected from the group consisting of
chemotherapy, radiation therapy, temporary or permanent
immobilization and dialysis.
201. A method of treating a cardiovascular disease or medical
condition by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a
melanocortin receptor according to claim 178, wherein said disease
or condition is selected from the group consisting of hemorrhagic
shock, cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock, cardiovascular
disorders and cardiac cachexia.
202. A method of treating a pulmonary disease or medical condition
by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin
receptor according to claim 178, wherein said disease or condition
is selected from the group consisting of acute respiratory distress
syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
and asthma.
203. A method of treating a disease or medical condition by
eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin
receptor according to claim 178, wherein said disease or condition
is selected from the group consisting of enhanced immune tolerance
and allergies.
204. A method of treating a dermatological disease or medical
condition by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a
melanocortin receptor according to claim 178, wherein said disease
or condition is selected from the group consisting of psoriasis,
skin pigmentation depletion, acne and keloid formation.
205. A method of treating a behavioral or central nervous system or
neuronal disease or medical condition by eliciting an agonist or
antagonist effect from a melanocortin receptor according to claim
178, wherein said disease or condition is selected from the group
consisting of anxiety, depression, memory dysfunction and
neuropathic pain.
206. A method of treating a renal disease or medical condition by
eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin
receptor according to claim 178, wherein said disease or condition
is selected from the group consisting of renal cachexia and
natriuresis.
207. A method of modulating ovarian weight, placental development,
prolactin secretion, FSH secretion, intrauterine fetal growth,
parturition, spermatogenesis, thyroxin release, aldosterone
synthesis and release, body temperature, blood pressure, heart
rate, vascular tone, brain blood flow, blood glucose levels, sebum
secretion, pheromone secretion, motivation, learning and behavior,
pain perception, neuroprotection and nerve growth by eliciting an
agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin receptor according
to claim 178.
208. A method of modulating bone metabolism, bone formation and
bone development by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from
a melanocortin receptor according to claim 178.
209. A method of inhibiting alcohol consumption, reducing alcohol
consumption, treating alcoholism, or treating alcohol abuse by
eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin
receptor according to claim 178.
210. A method of inhibiting alcohol consumption according to claim
209, wherein said compound of said pharmaceutical composition is a
selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist.
211. A method of reducing alcohol consumption according to claim
209, wherein said compound of said pharmaceutical composition is a
selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist.
212. A method of treating alcoholism according to claim 209,
wherein said compound of said pharmaceutical composition is a
selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist.
213. A method of treating alcohol abuse according to claim 209,
wherein said compound of said pharmaceutical composition is a
selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist.
214. A method of inhibiting alcohol consumption according to claim
210, wherein said compound of said pharmaceutical composition is a
selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist with a functional
activity characterized by an EC.sub.50 at least 15-fold more
selective for the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human
melanocortin 1 receptor, the human melanocortin 3 receptor and the
human melanocortin 5 receptor.
215. A method according to claim 214, wherein the functional
activity of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist is characterized by
an EC.sub.50 at least 17-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 3
receptor.
216. A method according to claim 214, wherein the functional
activity of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist is characterized by
an EC.sub.50 at least 90-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 3
receptor.
217. A method according to claim 214, wherein the functional
activity of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist is characterized by
an EC.sub.50 at least 200-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 5
receptor.
218. A method according to claim 214, wherein the functional
activity of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist is characterized by
an EC.sub.50 at least 3000-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 5
receptor.
219. The use of a therapeutically effective amount of a
melanocortin 4 receptor agonist or antagonist according to any one
of claim 131 or 132, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
for the manufacture of a medicament useful to treat a disease or
condition selected from the group consisting of general
inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, brain inflammation,
sepsis, septic shock, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis,
multiple sclerosis, a metabolic disease or medical condition
accompanied by weight gain, obesity, feeding disorders,
Prader-Willi Syndrome, a metabolic disease or medical condition
accompanied by weight loss, anorexia, bulimia, AIDS wasting,
cachexia, cancer cachexia, wasting in frail elderly, skin cancer,
endometriosis, uterine bleeding, sexual dysfunction, erectile
dysfunction, decreased sexual response in females, organ transplant
rejection, ischemia and reperfusion injury, wounding and spinal
cord injury, weight loss due to a medical procedure selected from
the group consisting of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, temporary
or permanent immobilization and dialysis, hemorrhagic shock,
cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock, cardiovascular disorders,
cardiac cachexia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary
fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, enhanced
immune tolerance, allergies, psoriasis, skin pigmentation
depletion, acne, keloid formation, anxiety, depression, memory
dysfunction, neuropathic pain, renal cachexia and natriuresis.
220. The use of a therapeutically effective amount of a
melanocortin 4 receptor agonist or antagonist according to any one
of claim 131 or 132, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
for the manufacture of a medicament useful to modulate ovarian
weight, placental development, prolactin secretion, FSH secretion,
intrauterine fetal growth, parturition, spermatogenesis, thyroxin
release, aldosterone synthesis and release, body temperature, blood
pressure, heart rate, vascular tone, brain blood flow, blood
glucose levels, sebum secretion, pheromone secretion, motivation,
learning and behavior, pain perception, neuroprotection, nerve
growth, bone metabolism, bone formation and bone development.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of pending U.S. Ser. No.
15/587,426, filed May 5, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser.
No. 15/257,970, filed Sep. 7, 2016, which is a continuation of
pending U.S. Ser. No. 13/074,565, filed Mar. 29, 2011, and issued
as U.S. Pat. No. 9,458,195 on Oct. 4, 2016, which is a continuation
application of U.S. Ser. No. 11/988,533, filed May 15, 2009, and
issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,039,435 on Oct. 18, 2011, which is a
United States national stage filing under 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 371 of
international (PCT) application No. PCT/US2006/026586, filed Jul.
10, 2006 and designating the U.S., which claims priority to U.S.
provisional applications 60/697,779, filed Jul. 8, 2005, and
60/748,850, filed Dec. 9, 2005, each of which is hereby
incorporated by reference in its entirety.
SEQUENCE LISTING
[0002] The instant application contains a Sequence Listing, which
has been submitted in ASCII format via EFS-Web, and is hereby
incorporated by reference in its entirety. The ASCII copy is named
"146P2_PCT2_SeqListing.txt", created on Jun. 4, 2007, and has the
file size of 378,000 bytes.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The present invention is directed to peptides which are
ligands of one or more of the melanocortin receptors (MC-R), the
pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof, to methods of using such
peptides to treat mammals and to useful pharmaceutical compositions
comprising said peptides.
[0004] Melanocortins are a family of regulatory peptides which are
formed by post-translational processing of pro-hormone
pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC; 131 amino acids in length). POMC is
processed into three classes of hormones; the melanocortins,
adrenocorticotropin hormone, and various endorphins (e.g.
lipotropin) (Cone, et al., Recent Prog. Horm. Res., 51:287-317,
(1996); Cone et al., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 31:342-363, (1993)).
[0005] Melanocortins have been found in a wide variety of normal
human tissues including the brain, adrenal, skin, testis, spleen,
kidney, ovary, lung, thyroid, liver, colon, small intestine and
pancreas (Tatro, J. B. et al., Endocrinol. 121:1900-1907 (1987);
Mountjoy, K. G. et al., Science 257:1248-1251 (1992); Chhajlani, V.
et al., FEBS Lett. 309:417-420 (1992); Gantz, I. et al. J. Biol.
Chem. 268:8246-8250 (1993) and Gantz, I. et al., J. Biol. Chem.
268:15174-15179 (1993)).
[0006] Melanocortin peptides have been shown to exhibit a wide
variety of physiological activities including the control of
behavior and memory, affecting neurotrophic and antipyretic
properties, as well as affecting the modulation of the immune
system. Aside from their well known effects on adrenal cortical
functions (adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH) and on melanocytes
(melanocyte stimulating hormone, MSH), melanocortins have also been
shown to control the cardiovascular system, analgesia,
thermoregulation and the release of other neurohumoral agents
including prolactin, luteinizing hormone and biogenic amines (De
Wied, D. et al., Methods Achiev. Exp. Pathol. 15:167-199 (1991); De
Wied, D. et al., Physiol. Rev. 62:977-1059 (1982); Guber, K. A. et
al., Am. J. Physiol. 257:R681-R694 (1989); Walker J. M. et al.,
Science 210:1247-1249 (1980); Murphy, M. T. et al., Science
221:192-193 (1983); Ellerkmann, E. et al., Endocrinol. 130:133-138
(1992) and Versteeg, D. H. G. et al., Life Sci. 38:835-840
(1986)).
[0007] It has also been shown that binding sites for melanocortins
are distributed in many different tissue types including lachrymal
and submandibular glands, pancreas, adipose, bladder, duodenum,
spleen, brain and gonadal tissues as well as malignant melanoma
tumors. Five melanocortin receptors (MC-R) have been characterized
to date. These include melanocyte-specific receptor (MC1-R),
corticoadrenal-specific ACTH receptor (MC2-R), melacortin-3
(MC3-R), melanocortin-4 (MC4-R) and melanocortin-5 receptor
(MC5-R). All of the melanocortin receptors respond to the peptide
hormone class of melanocyte stimulating hormones (MSH) (Cone, R. D.
et al., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 680:342-363 (1993); Cone, R. D. et
al., Recent Prog. Horm. Res., 51:287-318 (1996)).
[0008] MC1-R, known in the art as Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
Receptor (MSH-R), Melanotropin Receptor or Melanocortin-1 Receptor,
is a 315 amino acid transmembrane protein belonging to the family
of G-Protein coupled receptors. MC1-R is a receptor for both MSH
and ACTH. The activity of MC1-R is mediated by G-proteins which
activate adenylate cyclase. MC1-R receptors are found in
melanocytes and corticoadrenal tissue as well as various other
tissues such as adrenal gland, leukocytes, lung, lymph node, ovary,
testis, pituitary, placenta, spleen and uterus. MC2-R, also called
Adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor (ACTH-R), is a 297 amino acid
transmembrane protein found in melanocytes and the corticoadrenal
tissue. MC2-R mediates the corticotrophic effect of ACTH. In
humans, MC3-R is a 360 AA protein found in brain tissue; in mice
and rats MC3-R is a 323 AA protein. MC4-R is a 332 amino acid
transmembrane protein which is also expressed in brain as well as
placental and gut tissues. MC5-R is a 325 amino acid transmembrane
protein expressed in the adrenals, stomach, lung and spleen and
very low levels in the brain. MC5-R is also expressed in the three
layers of adrenal cortex, predominantly in the
aldosterone-producing zona glomerulosa cells.
[0009] The five known melanocortin receptors differ, however, in
their functions. For example, MC1-R is a G-protein coupled receptor
that regulates pigmentation in response to .alpha.-MSH, a potent
agonist of MC1-R. Agonism of the MC1-R receptor results in
stimulation of the melanocytes which causes eumelanin and increases
the risk for cancer of the skin. Agonism of MC1-R can also have
neurological effects. Stimulation of MC2-R activity can result in
carcinoma of adrenal tissue. Recent pharmacological confirmation
has established that central MC4-R receptors are the prime
mediators of the anorexic and orexigenic effects reported for
melanocortin agonists and antagonists, respectively. The effects of
agonism of the MC3-R and MC5-R are not yet known.
[0010] There has been great interest in melanocortin (MC-R)
receptors as targets for the design of novel therapeutics to treat
disorders of body weight such as obesity and cachexia. Both genetic
and pharmacological evidence points toward central MC4-R receptors
as the principal target (Giraudo, S. Q. et al., Brain Res.,
809:302-306 (1998); Farooqi, I. S. et al., NE J Med., 348:1085-1095
(2003); MacNeil, D. J. et al., Eu. J. Pharm., 44:141-157 (2002);
MacNeil, D. J. et al., Eu. J. Pharm., 450:93-109 (2002); Kask, A.
et al., NeuroReport, 10:707-711 (1999)). The current progress with
receptor-selective agonists and antagonists evidences the
therapeutic potential of melanocortin receptor activation,
particularly MC4-R.
[0011] Agonist, antagonist or other ligand compounds activating one
or more melanocortin receptor would be useful for treating a wide
variety of indications in a subject in need thereof or at risk
thereof including acute and chronic inflammatory diseases such as
general inflammation (U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874; Catania, A. et al.,
Pharm. Rev., 56:1-29 (2004)), inflammatory bowel disease (U.S. Pat.
No. 6,713,487; Catania, A. et al., Pharm. Rev., 56:1-29 (2004)),
brain inflammation (Catania, A. et al., Pharm. Rev., 56:1-29
(2004)), sepsis (U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874; U.S. Pat. No. 6,713,487;
Catania, A. et al., Pharm. Rev., 56:1-29 (2004)) and septic shock
(U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874; Catania, A. et al., Pharm. Rev., 56:1-29
(2004)); diseases with an autoimmune component such as rheumatoid
arthritis (U.S. Pat. No. 6,713,487; Catania, A. et al., Pharm.
Rev., 56:1-29 (2004)), gouty arthritis (Catania, A. et al., Pharm.
Rev., 56:1-29 (2004), Getting, S. J. et al., Curr. Opin. Investig.
Drugs, 2:1064-1069 (2001)), and multiple sclerosis ((U.S. Pat. No.
6,713,487); metabolic diseases and medical conditions accompanied
by weight gain such as obesity (U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874; U.S. Pat.
No. 6,600,015; Fehm, H. L. et al., J. Clin. Endo. & Metab.,
86:1144-1148 (2001); Hansen, M. J. et al., Brain Res., 1039:137-145
(2005); Ye, Z. et al., Peptides, 26:2017-2025 (2005); Farooqi, I.
S. et al., NE J Med., 348:1085-1095 (2003); MacNeil, D. J. et al.,
Eu. J. Pharm., 44:141-157 (2002); MacNeil, D. J. et al., Eu. J.
Pharm., 450:93-109 (2002); Kask, A. et al., NeuroReport, 10:707-711
(1999); Schwartz, M. W., J. Clin. Invest., 108:963-964 (2001),
Gura, T., Science, 287:1738-1740 (2000), Raffin-Sanson, M. L., Eu.
J. Endo., 144:207-208 (2001), Hamilton, B. S. et al., Obesity Res.
10:182-187 (2002)), feeding disorders (U.S. Pat. No. 6,720,324;
Fehm, H. L. et al., J. Clin. Endo. & Metab., 86:1144-1148
(2001); Pontillo, J. et al., Bioorganic & Med. Chem. Ltrs.,
15:2541-2546 (2005)) and Prader-Willi Syndrome (GE, Y. et al.,
Brain Research, 957:42-45 (2002)); metabolic diseases and medical
conditions accompanied by weight loss such as anorexia (U.S. Pat.
No. 6,613,874; Wisse, B. R. et al., Endo., 142:3292-3301 (2001)),
bulimia (U.S. Pat. No. 6,720,324), AIDS wasting (Marsilje, T. H. et
al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 14:3721-3725 (2004); Markison, S. et
al., Endocrinology, 146:2766-2773 (2005)), cachexia (U.S. Pat. No.
6,613,874; Lechan, R. M. et al., Endo., 142:3288-3291 (2001);
Pontillo, J. et al., Bioorganic & Med. Chem. Ltrs.,
15:2541-2546 (2005)), cancer cachexia (U.S. Pat. No. 6,639,123) and
wasting in frail elderly (U.S. Pat. No. 6,639,123); diabetes (U.S.
Pat. No. 6,713,487) and diabetalogical related conditions and
complications of diabetes such as retinopathy (U.S. Pat. No.
6,525,019); neoplastic proliferation (U.S. Pat. No. 6,713,487) such
as skin cancer (Sturm, R. A., Melanoma Res., 12:405-416 (2002);
Bastiens, M. T. et al., Am. J. Hum. Genet., 68:884-894 (2001)), and
prostate cancer (Luscombe, C. J. et al., British J. Cancer,
85:1504-1509 (2001); reproductive or sexual medical conditions such
as endometriosis (U.S. Pat. No. 6,713,487) and uterine bleeding in
women (U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874), sexual dysfunction (U.S. Pat. No.
6,720,324; Van der Ploeg, L. H. T. et al., PNAS, 99:11381-11386
(2002), Molinoff, P. B. et al., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 994:96-102
(2003), Hopps, C. V. et al., BJU International, 92:534-538 (2003)),
erectile dysfunction ((U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874; Diamond, L. E. et
al., Urology, 65:755-759 (2005), Wessells, H. et al., Int. J.
Impotence Res., 12:S74-S79 (2000), Andersson, K-E. et al., Int. J.
Impotence Res., 14:S82-S92 (2002), Bertolini, A. et. al., Sexual
Behavior: Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Raven Press, NY, p 247-257
(1975); Wessells, H. et al., Neuroscience, 118:755-762 (2003),
Wessells, H. et al., Urology, 56:641-646 (2000), Shadiack, A. M. et
al., Society for Neuroscience Abstract, (2003); Wessells, H. et
al., J. Urology, 160:389-393 (1998), Rosen, R. C. et al., Int. J.
Impotence Res., 16:135-142 (2004), Wessells, H. et al., Peptides,
26:1972-1977 (2005)) and decreased sexual response in females (U.S.
Pat. No. 6,713,487; Fourcroy, J. L., Drugs, 63:1445-1457 (2003));
diseases or conditions resulting from treatment or insult to the
organism such as organ transplant rejection (U.S. Pat. No.
6,713,487; Catania, A. et al., Pharm. Rev., 56:1-29 (2004)),
ischemia and reperfusion injury (Mioni, C. et al., Eu. J. Pharm.,
477:227-234 (2003); Catania, A. et al., Pharm. Rev., 56:1-29
(2004)), treatment of spinal cord injury and to accelerate wound
healing (Sharma H. S. et al., Acta. Nerochir. Suppl., 86:399-405
(2003); Sharma H. S., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1053: 407-421 (2005);
U.S. Pat. No. 6,525,019), as well as weight loss caused by
chemotherapy, radiation therapy, temporary or permanent
immobilization (Harris, R. B. et al., Physiol. Behav., 73:599-608
(2001)) or dialysis; cardiovascular diseases or conditions such as
hemorrhagic shock (Catania, A. et al., Pharm. Rev., 56:1-29
(2004)), cardiogenic shock (U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874), hypovolemic
shock (U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874), cardiovascular disorders (U.S.
Pat. No. 6,613,874) and cardiac cachexia (Markison, S. et al.,
Endocrinology, 146:2766-2773 (2005); pulmonary diseases or
conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (U.S. Pat.
No. 6,350,430; Catania, A. et al., Pharm. Rev., 56:1-29 (2004)),
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (U.S. Pat. No. 6,713,487),
asthma (U.S. Pat. No. 6,713,487) and pulmonary fibrosis; to enhance
immune tolerance (Luger, T. A. et al., Pathobiology, 67:318-321
(1999)) and to combat assaults to the immune system such as those
associated with certain allergies (U.S. Pat. No. 6,713,487) or
organ transplant rejection (U.S. Pat. No. 6,713,487; Catania, A. et
al., Pharm. Rev., 56:1-29 (2004)); treatment of dermatological
diseases and conditions such as psoriasis (U.S. Pat. No.
6,713,487), skin pigmentation depletion (U.S. Pat. No. 6,713,487;
Ye, Z. et al., Peptides, 26:2017-2025 (2005)), acne (Hatta, N. et
al., J. Invest. Dermatol., 116:564-570 (2001); Bohm, M. et al., J.
Invest. Dermatol., 118:533-539 (2002)), keloid formation (U.S. Pat.
No. 6,525,019) and skin cancer (Sturm, R. A., Melanoma Res.,
12:405-416 (2002); Bastiens, M. T. et al., Am. J. Hum. Genet.,
68:884-894 (2001)); behavioral, central nervous system or neuronal
conditions and disorders such as anxiety (U.S. Pat. No. 6,720,324;
Pontillo, J. et al., Bioorganic & Med. Chem. Ltrs.,
15:2541-2546 (2005)), depression (Chaki, S. et al., Peptides,
26:1952-1964 (2005), Bednarek, M. A. et al., Expert Opinion Ther.
Patents, 14:327-336 (2004); U.S. Pat. No. 6,720,324), memory and
memory dysfunction (U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874; Voisey, J. et al.,
Curr. Drug Targets, 4:586-597 (2003)), modulating pain perception
(U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874; Bertolini, A. et al., J. Endocrinol.
Invest., 4:241-251 (1981); Vrinten, D. et al., J. Neuroscience,
20:8131-8137 (2000)) and treating neuropathic pain (Pontillo, J. et
al., Bioorganic & Med. Chem. Ltrs., 15:2541-2546 (2005));
conditions and diseases associated with alcohol consumption,
alcohol abuse and/or alcoholism (WO 05/060985; Navarro, M. et al.,
Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 29:949-957 (2005)); and renal conditions
or diseases such as the treatment of renal cachexia (Markison, S.
et al., Endocrinology, 146:2766-2773 (2005)) or natriuresis (U.S.
Pat. No. 6,613,874).
[0012] Ligand compounds activating one or more melanocortin
receptor would be useful for modulating a wide variety of
normalizing or homeostatic activities in a subject in need thereof
including thyroxin release (U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874), aldosterone
synthesis and release (U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874), body temperature
(U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874), blood pressure (U.S. Pat. No.
6,613,874), heart rate (U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874), vascular tone
(U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874), brain blood flow (U.S. Pat. No.
6,613,874), blood glucose levels (U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874), bone
metabolism, bone formation or development (Dumont, L. M. et al.,
Peptides, 26:1929-1935 (2005), ovarian weight (U.S. Pat. No.
6,613,874), placental development (U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874),
prolactin and FSH secretion (U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874), intrauterine
fetal growth (U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874), parturition (U.S. Pat. No.
6,613,874), spermatogenesis (U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874), sebum and
pheromone secretion (U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874), neuroprotection
(U.S. Pat. No. 6,639,123) and nerve growth (U.S. Pat. No.
6,613,874) as well as modulating motivation (U.S. Pat. No.
6,613,874), learning (U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874) and other behaviors
(U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,874).
[0013] It is, therefore, an objective of the present invention to
provide ligands for the melanocortin receptors which exhibit
greater stability and selectivity for melanocortin receptors than
native melanocortin receptor ligands.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0014] In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a
compound according formula (I):
(R.sup.2R.sup.3)-A.sup.1-c(A.sup.2-A.sup.3-A.sup.4-A.sup.5-A.sup.6-A.sup-
.7-A.sup.8-A.sup.9)-A.sup.10-R.sup.1
wherein:
[0015] A.sup.1 is Acc, HN--(CH.sub.2).sub.m--C(O), L- or D-amino
acid, or deleted;
[0016] A.sup.2 is Cys, D-Cys, hCys, D-hCys, Pen, D-Pen, Asp, or
Glu;
[0017] A.sup.3 is Gly, Ala, .beta.-PAla, Gaba, Aib, D-amino acid,
or deleted;
[0018] A.sup.4 is His, 2-Pal, 3-Pal, 4-Pal, Taz, 2-Thi, 3-Thi, or
(X.sup.1,X.sup.2,X.sup.3,X.sup.4,X.sup.5)Phe;
[0019] A.sup.5 is D-Phe, D-1-Nal, D-2-Nal, D-Trp, D-Bal,
D-(X.sup.1,X.sup.2,X.sup.3,X.sup.4,X.sup.5)Phe, L-Phe or
D-(Et)Tyr;
[0020] A.sup.6 is Arg, hArg, Dab, Dap, Lys, Orn, or
HN--CH((CH.sub.2).sub.n--N(R.sup.4R.sup.5))--C(O);
[0021] A.sup.7 is Trp, 1-Nal, 2-Nal, Bal, Bip, D-Trp, D-1-Nal,
D-2-Nal, D-Bal or D-Bip;
[0022] A.sup.8 is Gly, D-Ala, Acc, Ala, .beta.-Ala, Gaba, Apn, Ahx,
Aha, HN--(CH.sub.2).sub.s--C(O), or deleted;
[0023] A.sup.9 is Cys, D-Cys, hCys, D-hCys, Pen, D-Pen, Dab, Dap,
Orn, or Lys;
[0024] A.sup.10 is Acc, HN--(CH.sub.2).sub.t--C(O), L- or D-amino
acid, or deleted;
[0025] R.sup.1 is --OH, or --NH.sub.2;
[0026] each of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is independently for each
occurrence selected from the group consisting of H,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.30)heteroalkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)acyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.30)alkenyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.30)alkynyl, aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)alkyl,
aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)acyl, substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.30)alkyl,
substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.30)heteroalkyl, substituted
(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)acyl, substituted (C.sub.2-C.sub.30)alkenyl,
substituted (C.sub.2-C.sub.30)alkynyl, substituted
aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)alkyl, and substituted
aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)acyl;
[0027] R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each is, independently for each
occurrence, H, (C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)heteroalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.40)acyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.40)alkenyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.40)alkynyl,
aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkyl, aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)acyl,
substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkyl, substituted
(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)heteroalkyl, substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.40)acyl,
substituted (C.sub.2-C.sub.40)alkenyl, substituted
(C.sub.2-C.sub.40)alkynyl, substituted aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkyl,
substituted aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)acyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkylsulfonyl, or --C(NH)--NH.sub.2;
[0028] m is, independently for each occurrence, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or
7;
[0029] n is, independently for each occurrence, 1, 2, 3, 4 or
5;
[0030] s is, independently for each occurrence, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
or 7;
[0031] t is, independently for each occurrence, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
or 7;
[0032] X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, and X.sup.5 each is,
independently for each occurrence, H, F, Cl, Br, I,
(C.sub.1-10)alkyl, substituted (C.sub.1-10)alkyl,
(C.sub.2-10)alkenyl, substituted (C.sub.2-10)alkenyl,
(C.sub.2-10)alkynyl, substituted (C.sub.2-10)alkynyl, aryl,
substituted aryl, OH, NH.sub.2, NO.sub.2, or CN;
provided that [0033] (I). when R.sup.4 is (C.sub.1-C.sub.40)acyl,
aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)acyl, substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.40)acyl,
substituted aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)acyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkylsulfonyl, or --C(NH)--NH.sub.2, then R.sup.5
is H or (C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.40)heteroalkyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.40)alkenyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.40)alkynyl,
aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkyl, substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkyl,
substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.40)heteroalkyl, substituted
(C.sub.2-C.sub.40)alkenyl, substituted (C.sub.2-C.sub.40)alkynyl,
or substituted aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.40)alkyl; [0034] (II). when
R.sup.2 is (C.sub.1-C.sub.30)acyl, aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)acyl,
substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.30)acyl, or substituted
aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)acyl, then R.sup.3 is H,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.30)heteroalkyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.30)alkenyl, (C.sub.2-C.sub.30)alkynyl,
aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)alkyl, substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.30)alkyl,
substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.30)heteroalkyl, substituted
(C.sub.2-C.sub.30)alkenyl, substituted (C.sub.2-C.sub.30)alkynyl,
or substituted aryl(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)alkyl; [0035] (III). either
A.sup.3 or A.sup.8 or both must be present in said compound; [0036]
(IV). when A.sup.2 is Cys, D-Cys, hCys, D-hCys, Pen, or D-Pen, then
A.sup.9 is Cys, D-Cys, hCys, D-hCys, Pen, or D-Pen; [0037] (V).
when A.sup.2 is Asp or Glu, then A.sup.9 is Dab, Dap, Orn, or Lys;
[0038] (VI). when A.sup.8 is Ala or Gly, then A.sup.1 is not Nle;
and [0039] (VII). when A.sup.1 is deleted, then R.sup.2 and R.sup.3
cannot both be H; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof.
[0040] A preferred group of compounds of the immediate foregoing
formula, is where A.sup.1 is A6c, Gaba, Nle, Met, Phe, D-Phe,
D-2-Nal, hPhe, Chg, D-Chg, Cha, hCha, hPro, hLeu, Nip, .beta.-hMet,
or Oic;
[0041] A.sup.2 is Cys, D-Cys, hCys, D-hCys, Pen, D-Pen, Asp, or
Glu;
[0042] A.sup.3 is Gly, Ala, D-Ala, D-Glu, .beta.-Ala, Gaba, Aib, or
deleted;
[0043] A.sup.4 is His;
[0044] A.sup.5 is D-Phe, D-1-Nal, D-2-Nal, D-Trp, D-Bal, or
D-(Et)Tyr;
[0045] A.sup.6 is Arg, or hArg;
[0046] A.sup.7 is Trp, Bip, D-Trp, 1-Nal, or 2-Nal;
[0047] A.sup.8 is A6c, .beta.-Ala, .beta.-Ala, Gaba, Apn, or
Ahx;
[0048] A.sup.9 is Cys, D-Cys, hCys, D-hCys, Pen, D-Pen, or Lys;
[0049] A.sup.10 is Thr, or deleted
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0050] A preferred group of compounds of the immediately foregoing
group of compounds is where R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each is,
independently, H, acyl, n-propanoyl, or n-butanoyl or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0051] A more preferred compound of formula (I) is where said
compound is of the formula:
[0052] A.sup.1 is Acc, Arg, D-Arg, Cha, D-Cha, hCha, Chg, D-Chg,
Gaba, Ile, Leu, hLeu, .beta.-hMet, 2-Nal, D-2-Nal, Nip, Nle, Oic,
Phe, D-Phe, hPhe, hPro, Val or deleted;
[0053] A.sup.2 is Cys, D-Cys, Pen or Asp;
[0054] A.sup.3 is Gly, Ala, .beta.-Ala, Gaba, Aib, D-Ala, D-Abu,
D-Cha, D-Ile, D-Leu, D-Tle, D-Val or deleted;
[0055] A.sup.4 is His or 3-Pal;
[0056] A.sup.5 is D-Phe, D-2-Nal or D-(Et)Tyr;
[0057] A.sup.6 is Arg or hArg;
[0058] A.sup.7 is Trp, 1-Nal, 2-Nal, Bal, Bip or D-Trp;
[0059] A.sup.8 is Gly, D-Ala, Acc, Ala, .beta.-Ala, Gaba, Apn, Ahx,
Aha or deleted;
[0060] A.sup.9 is Cys, D-Cys, Pen or Lys;
[0061] A.sup.10 is Thr or deleted;
[0062] wherein at least one of A.sup.3 or A.sup.8 is deleted, but
not both, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0063] More preferred compounds of the immediately foregoing group
of compounds is where said compound is of the formula: [0064]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0065]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-A6c-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0066]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ahx-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0067]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2; [0068]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0069] D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0070] Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0071]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0072]
Ac-A6c-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0073]
Ac-D-2-Nal-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0074]
Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0075]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0076]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0077]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-.beta.-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0078]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Gaba-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0079]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Aib-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0080]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Gly-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0081]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0082]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0083]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-.beta.-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0084]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Gaba-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0085]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Aib-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0086]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Gly-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0087]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0088]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-.beta.-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0089]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Gaba-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0090]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Aib-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0091]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Gly-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0092]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0093]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0094]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-.beta.-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0095]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Gaba-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0096]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Aib-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0097]
Ac-Oic-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0098]
Ac-Chg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0099]
Ac-hCha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0100]
Ac-D-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0101]
Ac-Nip-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0102]
Ac-hPro-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0103]
Ac-hLeu-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0104]
Ac-hCha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0105]
Ac-Phe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0106]
Ac-D-Phe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0107]
Ac-D-Chg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0108]
n-butanoyl-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0109]
Ac-hPhe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0110]
Ac-.beta.-hMet-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0111]
Ac-Gaba-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0112]
Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0113]
Ac-hCha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0114]
Ac-Leu-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0115]
Ac-hLeu-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0116]
Ac-Phe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0117]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-D-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0118]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0119]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0120]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Aha-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0121]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Apn-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0122]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0123]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0124]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Ahx-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0125]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0126]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-D-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0127]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0128]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-2-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0129]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-1-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0130]
n-butanoyl-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-2-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
[0131] n-butanoyl-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
[0132] Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-2-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0133]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-1-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0134]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Bal-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0135]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Glu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0136]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0137]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Bal-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0138]
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0139]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0140]
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0141]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-hArg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0142]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0143]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Bip-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0144]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-hArg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0145]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-hArg-Bip-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0146]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-hArg-Bip-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0147] Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0148]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0149]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Bal-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0150]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-OH; [0151]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Abu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0152]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Val-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0153]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ile-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0154]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Leu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0155]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Tle-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0156]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Cha-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0157]
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0158]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0159]
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0160]
Ac-Leu-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0161]
Ac-Cha-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0162]
Ac-Ile-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0163]
Ac-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0164]
Ac-Val-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0165]
Ac-2-Nal-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0166]
Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0167]
Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0168]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-3-Pal-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0169]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-OH; [0170]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0171]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0172]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0173]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0174]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Ahx-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0175]
Ac-hPhe-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0176]
Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0177]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Lys)-OH; [0178]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ahx-Cys)-OH; [0179]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-OH; [0180]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-OH; [0181]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-D-Cys)-Thr-OH; [0182]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Cys)-OH; [0183]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Lys)-OH; [0184]
Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-OH; [0185]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-OH; [0186]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-OH; [0187]
Ac-Chg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-OH; [0188]
Ac-D-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-OH; [0189]
Ac-hCha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-OH; [0190]
Ac-D-Chg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-OH; [0191]
Ac-hPhe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-OH; [0192]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-OH; [0193]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Ahx-Cys)-OH; [0194]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Cys)-OH; [0195]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-D-Ala-Cys)-OH; [0196]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-OH; [0197]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-2-Nal-Cys)-OH; [0198]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-1-Nal-Cys)-OH; [0199]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Bal-Cys)-OH; [0200]
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-OH; [0201]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-OH; [0202]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-OH; or [0203]
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; or or
pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
[0204] More preferred of the immediately foregoing group of
compounds is a compound of the formula: [0205]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0206]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0207]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0208]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-OH; [0209]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-OH; or [0210]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-OH; or pharmaceutically
acceptable salts thereof.
[0211] A more preferred compound of formula (I) is where said
compound is of the formula:
[0212] A.sup.1 is Arg, D-Arg, Cha, hCha, Chg, D-Chg, Ile, Leu,
2-Nal, Nle, Phe, D-Phe, hPhe, Val or deleted;
[0213] A.sup.2 is Cys, Pen or Asp;
[0214] A.sup.3 is D-Ala, D-Abu, D-Cha, D-Ile, D-Leu, D-Tle, D-Val
or deleted;
[0215] A.sup.4 is His or 3-Pal;
[0216] A.sup.5 is D-Phe, D-2-Nal or D-(Et)Tyr;
[0217] A.sup.6 is Arg or hArg;
[0218] A.sup.7 is Trp, 2-Nal, Bal, Bip or D-Trp;
[0219] A.sup.8 is Gly, Ala, .beta.-Ala, Gaba, Apn, Ahx, or
deleted;
[0220] A.sup.9 is Cys, D-Cys, Pen or Lys;
[0221] A.sup.10 is Thr or deleted;
[0222] each of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is independently selected from
the group consisting of H or acyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0223] More preferred of the immediately foregoing group of
compounds is a compound of the formula: [0224]
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0225]
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0226]
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0227]
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0228]
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0229]
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0230]
Ac-D-Arg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0231]
Ac-Arg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0232]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0233]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0234] Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0235]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0236]
Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0237]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0238]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ahx-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0239]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0240] D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0241] Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0242]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0243]
Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0244]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0245]
Ac-Chg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0246]
Ac-hCha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0247]
Ac-D-Chg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0248]
Ac-hPhe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0249]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0250]
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0251]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0252]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-hArg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0253]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Bip-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0254]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-hArg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0255]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-hArg-Bip-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0256]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-hArg-Bip-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0257] Ac-Nle-c(Asp-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0258]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Bal-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0259]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-OH; [0260]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Abu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0261]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Val-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0262]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ile-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0263]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Leu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0264]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Tle-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0265]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Cha-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0266]
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0267]
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0268]
Ac-Leu-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0269]
Ac-Cha-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0270]
Ac-Ile-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0271]
Ac-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0272]
Ac-Val-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0273]
Ac-2-Nal-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0274]
Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0275]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-3Pal-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0276]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-OH; [0277]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0278]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0279]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-2-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0280]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Bal-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0281]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0282]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0283]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0284]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Ahx-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0285]
Ac-hPhe-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0286]
Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; or [0287]
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0288] A more preferred compound of formula (I) is where said
compound is of the formula:
[0289] A.sup.1 is Arg, D-Arg, hArg or D-hArg;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0290] A more preferred compound of the immediately foregoing group
of compounds is where said compound is of the formula:
[0291] A.sup.2 is Cys, D-Cys, hCys, D-hCys, Pen, D-Pen, Asp, or
Glu;
[0292] A.sup.3 is Gly, Ala, D-Ala, D-Glu, .beta.-Ala, Gaba, Aib, or
deleted;
[0293] A.sup.4 is His;
[0294] A.sup.5 is D-Phe, D-1-Nal, D-2-Nal, D-Trp, D-Bal, or
D-(Et)Tyr;
[0295] A.sup.6 is Arg, or hArg;
[0296] A.sup.7 is Trp, Bip, D-Trp, 1-Nal, or 2-Nal;
[0297] A.sup.8 is A6c, Ala, .beta.-Ala, Gaba, Apn, or Ahx;
[0298] A.sup.9 is Cys, D-Cys, hCys, D-hCys, Pen, D-Pen, or Lys;
[0299] A.sup.10 is Thr, or deleted;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0300] A more preferred compound of the immediately foregoing group
of compounds is where R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each is, independently,
H, acyl, n-propanoyl, or n-butanoyl or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof.
[0301] A more preferred compound of the immediately foregoing group
of compounds is where said compound is of the formula:
[0302] A.sup.2 is Cys or Asp;
[0303] A.sup.3 is D-Ala or deleted;
[0304] A.sup.4 is His;
[0305] A.sup.5 is D-Phe or D-2-Nal;
[0306] A.sup.6 is Arg;
[0307] A.sup.7 is Trp;
[0308] A.sup.8 is Ala, Gaba or deleted;
[0309] A.sup.9 is Cys, Pen or Lys;
[0310] A.sup.10 is deleted;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0311] A more preferred compound of the immediately foregoing group
of compounds is where R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each is, independently, H
or acyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0312] More preferred of the immediately foregoing group of
compounds is a compound of the formula: [0313]
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0314]
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0315]
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0316]
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0317]
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0318]
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0319]
Ac-D-Arg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0320]
Ac-Arg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; or [0321]
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; or
pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
[0322] More preferred of the immediately foregoing group of
compounds is a compound of the formula: [0323]
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0324]
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2; or [0325]
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0326] More preferred of the immediately foregoing group of
compounds is a compound of the formula: [0327]
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0328] More preferred of the immediately foregoing group of
compounds is a compound of the formula: [0329]
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2; or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0330] More preferred of the immediately foregoing group of
compounds is a compound of the formula: [0331]
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0332] In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a
compound according formula (II):
(R.sup.2R.sup.3)-A.sup.1-c(A.sup.2-A.sup.3-A.sup.4-A.sup.5-A.sup.6-A.sup-
.7-A.sup.8-A.sup.9)-NH.sub.2
wherein:
[0333] A.sup.1 is Nle or deleted;
[0334] A.sup.2 is Cys or Asp;
[0335] A.sup.3 is Glu or D-Ala;
[0336] A.sup.4 is His;
[0337] A.sup.5 is D-Phe;
[0338] A.sup.6 is Arg;
[0339] A.sup.7 is Trp, 2-Nal or Bal;
[0340] A.sup.8 is Gly, Ala, D-Ala, .beta.-Ala, Gaba or Apn;
[0341] A.sup.9 is Cys or Lys;
[0342] each of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is independently selected from
the group consisting of H or (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)acyl;
[0343] provided that [0344] (I). when R.sup.2 is
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)acyl, then R.sup.3 is H; and [0345] (II). when
A.sup.2 is Cys, then A.sup.9 is Cys, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof.
[0346] More preferred of the immediately foregoing group of
compounds is a compound of the formula: [0347]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0348]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0349]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
[0350] Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
[0351] Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
[0352] Ac-c(Cys-Glu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0353]
Ac-c(Cys-Glu-His-D-Phe-Arg-2-Nal-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0354]
Ac-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0355]
Ac-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-2-Nal-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0356]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0357]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
[0358] Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; or
[0359] Ac-Nle-c(Asp-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Bal-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0360] Another more preferred compound of formula (I) or formula
(II) is each of the compounds that are specifically enumerated
herein below in the Examples section of the present disclosure, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0361] In another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier or diluent.
[0362] In another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, wherein said
compound is a selective melanocortin-4 receptor agonist.
[0363] In another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, wherein said
compound is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist with a
functional activity characterized by an EC.sub.50 at least 15-fold
more selective for the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the
human melanocortin 1 receptor, the human melanocortin 3 receptor
and the human melanocortin 5 receptor.
[0364] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, wherein said
compound is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist with a
functional activity characterized by an EC.sub.50 at least 17-fold
more selective for the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the
human melanocortin 3 receptor, an EC.sub.50 at least 90-fold more
selective for the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human
melanocortin 3 receptor, an EC.sub.50 at least 200-fold more
selective for the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human
melanocortin 5 receptor, or an EC.sub.50 at least 3000-fold more
selective for the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human
melanocortin 5 receptor.
[0365] In another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, useful for treating
an acute or chronic inflammatory disease or medical condition such
as general inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, brain
inflammation, sepsis and septic shock.
[0366] In another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, useful for treating
a disease or medical condition with an autoimmune component such as
rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
[0367] In another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, useful for treating
a metabolic disease or medical condition accompanied by weight gain
such as obesity, feeding disorders and Prader-Willi Syndrome. In a
further aspect, the disease or condition treated is obesity. In yet
a further aspect, the disease or condition treated is a feeding
disorder.
[0368] In another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, useful for
decreasing food intake, for decreasing body weight or a combination
thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides
a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) as defined hereinabove, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, which is useful for
diminishing food intake, decreasing body weight, or a combination
thereof, wherein the active ingredient is one or more of the
following compounds:
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2 or
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2. In yet
another preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) as defined hereinabove, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, which is useful for
diminishing food intake, decreasing body weight, or a combination
thereof, wherein the active ingredient is
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2. In yet another
preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) as defined hereinabove, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, which is useful for
diminishing food intake, decreasing body weight, or a combination
thereof, wherein the active ingredient is
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2. In yet
another preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) as defined hereinabove, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, which is useful for
diminishing food intake, decreasing body weight, or a combination
thereof, wherein the active ingredient is
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2.
[0369] In another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier or diluent, which is useful for
decreasing appetite without compromising body weight. In yet
another aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical
composition comprising an effective amount of a compound of formula
(I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier or diluent, useful for
decreasing food consumption while increasing body weight.
[0370] In another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, useful for treating
a metabolic disease or medical condition accompanied by weight loss
such as anorexia, bulimia, AIDS wasting, cachexia, cancer cachexia
and wasting in frail elderly. In a further aspect, the disease or
condition treated is anorexia. In a further aspect, the disease or
condition treated is bulimia. In a further aspect, the disease or
condition treated is AIDS wasting or wasting in frail elderly. In a
further aspect, the disease or condition treated is cachexia or
cancer cachexia.
[0371] In another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, useful for treating
a neoplastic disease or medical condition such as skin cancer and
cancer cachexia.
[0372] In another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, useful for treating
a reproductive or sexual medical condition such as endometriosis,
uterine bleeding, sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction and
decreased sexual response in females.
[0373] In another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, useful for treating
a disease or medical condition resulting from treatment or insult
to an organism such as organ transplant rejection, ischemia and
reperfusion injury, wounding and spinal cord injury, and weight
loss due to a medical procedure selected from the group consisting
of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, temporary or permanent
immobilization and dialysis.
[0374] In another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, useful for treating
a cardiovascular disease or medical condition such as hemorrhagic
shock, cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock, cardiovascular
disorders and cardiac cachexia.
[0375] In another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, useful for treating
a pulmonary disease or medical condition such as acute respiratory
distress syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease and asthma.
[0376] In another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, useful for
enhancing immune tolerance and treating allergies.
[0377] In another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, useful for treating
a dermatological disease or medical condition such as psoriasis,
skin pigmentation depletion, acne and keloid formation.
[0378] In another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier or diluent, useful for treating
a behavioral or central nervous system or neuronal disease or
medical condition such as anxiety, depression, memory dysfunction
and neuropathic pain.
[0379] In another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier or diluent, useful for treating
a renal disease or medical condition such as renal cachexia and
natriuresis.
[0380] In another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier or diluent, useful for
modulating ovarian weight, placental development, prolactin
secretion, FSH secretion, intrauterine fetal growth, parturition,
spermatogenesis, thyroxin release, aldosterone synthesis and
release, body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, vascular
tone, brain blood flow, blood glucose levels, sebum secretion,
pheromone secretion, motivation, learning and behavior, pain
perception, neuroprotection and nerve growth.
[0381] In another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier or diluent, useful for
modulating bone metabolism, bone formation and bone
development.
[0382] In another aspect, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a
pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier or diluent, useful for
inhibiting alcohol consumption, for reducing alcohol consumption,
for treating alcoholism, or for treating alcohol abuse. In a
further aspect, the compound of the composition useful for
inhibiting alcohol consumption, for reducing alcohol consumption,
for treating alcoholism, or for treating alcohol abuse is a
selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist. In yet a further aspect,
the compound of the composition useful for inhibiting alcohol
consumption is a selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a functional
activity characterized by an EC.sub.50 at least 15-fold more
selective for the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human
melanocortin 1 receptor, the human melanocortin 3 receptor and the
human melanocortin 5 receptor. In yet another aspect, the compound
of the composition useful for inhibiting alcohol consumption is a
selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, with a functional activity characterized
by an EC.sub.50 at least 17-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 3 receptor,
an EC.sub.50 at least 90-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 3 receptor,
an EC.sub.50 at least 200-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 5 receptor,
or an EC.sub.50 at least 3000-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 5
receptor.
[0383] In another aspect, the present invention provides the use of
a therapeutically effective amount of a melanocortin 4 receptor
agonist compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined
hereinabove, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the
manufacture of a medicament useful for inhibiting alcohol
consumption, for reducing alcohol consumption, for treating
alcoholism, or for treating alcohol abuse in a subject in need of
such treatment.
[0384] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a
method of eliciting an agonist or an antagonist effect from a
melanocortin receptor in a subject in need thereof which comprises
administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound of
formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0385] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method
of eliciting an agonist or an antagonist effect from a melanocortin
receptor in a subject in need thereof which comprises administering
to said subject an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or
formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, wherein said compound is a selective
melanocortin 4 receptor agonist.
[0386] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method
of eliciting an agonist or an antagonist effect from a melanocortin
receptor in a subject in need thereof which comprises administering
to said subject an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or
formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, wherein said compound is a selective
melanocortin 4 receptor agonist with a functional activity
characterized by an EC.sub.50 at least 15-fold more selective for
the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 1
receptor, the human melanocortin 3 receptor and the human
melanocortin 5 receptor.
[0387] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a
method of eliciting an agonist or an antagonist effect from a
melanocortin receptor in a subject in need thereof which comprises
administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound of
formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said compound is
a selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist with a functional
activity characterized by an EC.sub.50 at least 17-fold more
selective for the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human
melanocortin 3 receptor, an EC.sub.50 at least 90-fold more
selective for the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human
melanocortin 3 receptor, an EC.sub.50 at least 200-fold more
selective for the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human
melanocortin 5 receptor, or an EC.sub.50 at least 3000-fold more
selective for the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human
melanocortin 5 receptor.
[0388] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method
of treating an acute or chronic inflammatory disease or medical
condition such as general inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease,
brain inflammation, sepsis and septic shock by eliciting an agonist
or antagonist effect from a melanocortin receptor by administering
an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as
defined hereinabove, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof.
[0389] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method
of treating a disease or medical condition with an autoimmune
component such as rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis and
multiple sclerosis by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect
from a melanocortin receptor by administering an effective amount
of a compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined
hereinabove, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0390] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method
of treating a metabolic disease or medical condition accompanied by
weight gain such as obesity, feeding disorders and Prader-Willi
Syndrome by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a
melanocortin receptor by administering an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In a further aspect of
the foregoing method, the disease or condition treated is obesity.
In yet a further aspect of the foregoing method, the disease or
condition treated is a feeding disorder.
[0391] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method
of decreasing food intake, decreasing body weight or a combination
thereof, by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a
melanocortin receptor by administering an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In a preferred
embodiment, the present invention provides a method of decreasing
food intake, decreasing body weight or a combination thereof, by
eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin
receptor by administering an effective amount of a compound of
formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
said compound is Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2,
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2,
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2, or
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2. In another
preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a method of
decreasing food intake, decreasing body weight or a combination
thereof, by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a
melanocortin receptor by administering an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, wherein said compound is
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2. In another
preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a method of
decreasing food intake, decreasing body weight or a combination
thereof, by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a
melanocortin receptor by administering an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, wherein said compound is
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2. In another
preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a method of
decreasing food intake, decreasing body weight or a combination
thereof, by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a
melanocortin receptor by administering an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, wherein said compound is
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2.
[0392] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method
of decreasing appetite without compromising body weight by
administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or
formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof. In another aspect, the present invention
provides a method of decreasing food consumption while increasing
body weight by administering an effective amount of a compound of
formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0393] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method
of treating a metabolic disease or medical condition accompanied by
weight loss such as anorexia, bulimia, AIDS wasting, cachexia,
cancer cachexia and wasting in frail elderly by eliciting an
agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin receptor by
administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or
formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof. In a further aspect, the foregoing method
is used to treat anorexia. In a further aspect, the foregoing
method is used to treat bulimia. In a further aspect, the foregoing
method is used to treat AIDS wasting or wasting in frail elderly.
In a further aspect, the foregoing method is used to treat cachexia
or cancer cachexia.
[0394] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method
of treating a neoplastic disease or medical condition such as skin
cancer and cancer cachexia by eliciting an agonist or antagonist
effect from a melanocortin receptor by administering an effective
amount of a compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined
hereinabove, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0395] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method
of treating a reproductive or sexual medical condition such as
endometriosis, uterine bleeding, sexual dysfunction, erectile
dysfunction and decreased sexual response in females by eliciting
an agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin receptor by
administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or
formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof.
[0396] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method
of treating a disease or medical condition resulting from treatment
or insult to an organism such as organ transplant rejection,
ischemia and reperfusion injury, wounding and spinal cord injury,
and weight loss due to a medical procedure selected from the group
consisting of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, temporary or
permanent immobilization and dialysis by eliciting an agonist or
antagonist effect from a melanocortin receptor by administering an
effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as
defined hereinabove, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof.
[0397] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method
of treating a cardiovascular disease or medical condition such as
hemorrhagic shock, cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock,
cardiovascular disorders and cardiac cachexia by eliciting an
agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin receptor by
administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or
formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof.
[0398] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method
of treating a pulmonary disease or medical condition such as acute
respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma by eliciting an agonist or
antagonist effect from a melanocortin receptor by administering an
effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as
defined hereinabove, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof.
[0399] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method
of enhancing immune tolerance or treating allergies by eliciting an
agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin receptor by
administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or
formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof.
[0400] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method
of treating dermatological disease or medical condition such as
psoriasis, skin pigmentation depletion, acne and keloid formation
by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin
receptor by administering an effective amount of a compound of
formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0401] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method
of treating a behavioral or central nervous system or neuronal
disease or medical condition such as anxiety, depression, memory
dysfunction and neuropathic pain by eliciting an agonist or
antagonist effect from a melanocortin receptor by administering an
effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as
defined hereinabove, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof.
[0402] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method
of treating a renal disease or medical condition such as renal
cachexia and natriuresis by eliciting an agonist or antagonist
effect from a melanocortin receptor by administering an effective
amount of a compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined
hereinabove, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0403] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method
of modulating a normalizing or homeostatic activity such as ovarian
weight, placental development, prolactin secretion, FSH secretion,
intrauterine fetal growth, parturition, spermatogenesis, thyroxin
release, aldosterone synthesis and release, body temperature, blood
pressure, heart rate, vascular tone, brain blood flow, blood
glucose levels, sebum secretion, pheromone secretion, motivation,
learning and behavior, pain perception, neuroprotection and nerve
growth by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a
melanocortin receptor by administering an effective amount of a
compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0404] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method
of modulating a normalizing or homeostatic activity such as bone
metabolism, bone formation and bone development by eliciting an
agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin receptor by
administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or
formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof.
[0405] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method
of inhibiting alcohol consumption, for reducing alcohol
consumption, for treating alcoholism, or for treating alcohol abuse
by eliciting an agonist or antagonist effect from a melanocortin
receptor by administering an effective amount of a compound of
formula (I) or formula (II) as defined hereinabove, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In a further aspect of
the foregoing method, the compound is a selective melanocortin 4
receptor agonist. In yet a further aspect of the immediately
foregoing method, the compound of the composition useful for
inhibiting alcohol consumption is a selective melanocortin 4
receptor agonist, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
with a functional activity characterized by an EC.sub.50 at least
15-fold more selective for the human melanocortin 4 receptor than
for the human melanocortin 1 receptor, the human melanocortin 3
receptor and the human melanocortin 5 receptor. In yet another
aspect of the foregoing method, the compound of the composition
useful for inhibiting alcohol consumption is a selective
melanocortin 4 receptor agonist, or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof, with a functional activity characterized by an
EC.sub.50 at least 17-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 3 receptor,
an EC.sub.50 at least 90-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 3 receptor,
an EC.sub.50 at least 200-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 5 receptor,
or an EC.sub.50 at least 3000-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 5
receptor.
[0406] In a further aspect, the present invention provides the use
of a therapeutically effective amount of a melanocortin 4 receptor
agonist or antagonist compound according formula (I) or formula
(II) as defined hereinabove, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament useful to treat a
disease and/or medical condition selected from the group consisting
of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases such as general
inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, brain inflammation,
sepsis and septic shock; diseases with an autoimmune component such
as rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis and multiple sclerosis;
metabolic diseases and medical disorders accompanied by weight gain
such as obesity, feeding disorders and Prader-Willi Syndrome;
metabolic diseases and medical disorders accompanied by weight loss
such as anorexia, bulimia, AIDS wasting, cachexia, cancer cachexia
and wasting in frail elderly; diabetes, diabetalogical related
conditions and complications of diabetes such as retinopathy;
neoplastic proliferation such as skin cancer and prostate cancer;
reproductive or sexual medical conditions such as endometriosis and
uterine bleeding in women, sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction
and decreased sexual response in females; diseases or conditions
resulting from treatment or insult to the organism such as organ
transplant rejection, ischemia and reperfusion injury, spinal cord
injury and wounding, as well as weight loss caused chemotherapy,
radiation therapy, temporary or permanent immobilization or
dialysis; cardiovascular diseases or conditions such as hemorrhagic
shock, cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock, cardiovascular
disorders and cardiac cachexia; pulmonary diseases or conditions
such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease, asthma and pulmonary fibrosis; to enhance immune
tolerance and to combat assaults to the immune system such as those
associated with certain allergies or organ transplant rejection;
treatment of dermatological diseases and conditions such as
psoriasis, skin pigmentation depletion, acne, keloid formation and
skin cancer; behavioral, central nervous system and neuronal
disorders such as anxiety, depression, memory dysfunction, and
neuropathic pain; and renal conditions or diseases such as the
treatment of renal cachexia and natriuresis.
[0407] In a further aspect, the present invention provides the use
of a therapeutically effective amount of a melanocortin 4 receptor
agonist or antagonist compound according formula (I) or formula
(II) as defined hereinabove, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament useful to modulate
normalizing or homeostatic activities such as ovarian weight,
placental development, prolactin secretion, FSH secretion,
intrauterine fetal growth, parturition, spermatogenesis, thyroxin
release, aldosterone synthesis and release, body temperature, blood
pressure, heart rate, vascular tone, brain blood flow, blood
glucose levels, sebum secretion, pheromone secretion, motivation,
learning and behavior, pain perception, neuroprotection, nerve
growth, bone metabolism, bone formation and bone development.
[0408] It will be appreciated that therapeutic interventions
addressing both normal physiological and pathophysiological
processes which utilize the melanocortin receptors are also
contemplated.
[0409] Additional objects, advantages, and features of the present
invention will become apparent from the following description and
appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings.
[0410] The compounds of formulae (I) or (II) are ligands for at
least one of the melanocortin receptors (MC1-R, MC2-R, MC3-R, MC4-R
and MC5-R) and a selection thereof were tested for their ability to
act as a ligand in the in vitro assay described below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0411] FIG. 1A: Mean difference in food consumed from vehicle in
fasted rats 6 hours after administration of 100 nmole/Kg of
selected compounds.
[0412] FIG. 1B. Mean difference in food consumed from vehicle in
fasted rats 6 hours after administration of 500 nmole/Kg of
selected compounds.
[0413] FIG. 2A. Cumulative difference in mean food intake from
vehicle in rats after administration of various concentrations of
Compound A.
[0414] FIG. 2B. Cumulative mean body weight difference from vehicle
in rats after administration of various concentrations of Compound
A.
[0415] FIG. 3A. Cumulative difference in mean food intake from
vehicle in rats after administration of selected compounds.
[0416] FIG. 3B. Cumulative mean body weight difference from vehicle
in rats after administration of selected compounds.
[0417] FIG. 4A. Cumulative difference in mean food intake from
vehicle in rats after administration of selected compounds.
[0418] FIG. 4B. Cumulative mean body weight difference from vehicle
in rats after administration of selected compounds.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0419] The nomenclature used to define the peptides is that
typically used in the art wherein the amino group at the N-terminus
appears to the left and the carboxyl group at the C-terminus
appears to the right. Where the amino acid has isomeric forms, it
is the L form of the amino acid that is represented unless
otherwise explicitly indicated. Unless defined otherwise, all
technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as
commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which
this invention belongs. Also, all publications, patent
applications, patents and other references mentioned herein are
incorporated by reference.
Nomenclature and Abbreviations
TABLE-US-00001 [0420] Symbol Meaning Abu .alpha.-aminobutyric acid
Ac acyl group Acc 1-amino-1-cyclo(C.sub.3-C.sub.9)alkyl carboxylic
acid A3c 1-amino-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid A4c
1-amino-1-cyclobutanecarboxylic acid A5c
1-amino-1-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid A6c
1-amino-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid Aha 7-aminoheptanoic acid Ahx
6-aminohexanoic acid Aib .alpha.-aminoisobutyric acid Ala or A
alanine .beta.-Ala .beta.-alanine Apn 5-aminopentanoic acid
(HN--(CH2).sub.4--C(O) Arg or R arginine hArg homoarginine Asn or N
asparagine Asp or D aspartic acid Bal 3-benzothienylalanine Bip
4,4'-biphenylalanine, represented by the structure ##STR00001## Bpa
4-benzoylphenylalanine 4-Br-Phe 4-bromo-phenylalanine Cha
.beta.-cydohexylalanine hCha homo-cyclohexylalanine Chg
cyclohexylglycine Cys or C cysteine hCys homocysteine Dab
2,4-diaminobutyric acid Dap 2,3-diaminopropionic acid Dip
.beta.,.beta.-diphenylalanine Doc 8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid
with the structure of: ##STR00002## 2-Fua .beta.-(2-furyl)-alanine
Gaba 4-aminobutyric acid Gln or Q glutamine Glu or E glutamic acid
Gly or G glycine His or H histidine 3-Hyp
trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline, i.e., (2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-
pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 4-Hyp 4-hydroxyproline, i.e.,
(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy- pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid Ile or I
isoleucine Leu or L leucine hLeu homoleucine Lys or K lysine Met or
M methionine .beta.-hMet .beta.-homomethionine 1-Nal
.beta.-(1-naphthyl)alanine: 2-Nal .beta.-(2-naphthyl)alanine Nip
nipecotic acid Nle norleucine Oic octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid
Orn ornithine 2-Pal .beta.-(2-pyridiyl)alanine 3-Pal
.beta.-(3-pyridiyl)alanine 4-Pal .beta.-(4-pyridiyl)alanine Pen
penicillamine Phe or F phenylalanine hPhe homophenylalanine Pro or
P proline hPro homoproline Ser or S serine Tle tert-Leucine Taz
.beta.-(4-thiazolyl)alanine 2-Thi .beta.-(2-thienyl)alanine 3-Thi
.beta.-(3-thienyl)alanine Thr or T threonine Trp or W tryptophan
Tyr or Y tyrosine D-(Et)Tyr has a structure of ##STR00003## Val or
V valine
[0421] Certain other abbreviations used herein are defined as
follows: [0422] Boc: tert-butyloxycarbonyl [0423] Bzl: benzyl
[0424] DCM: dichloromethane [0425] DIC: N,
N-diisopropylcarbodiimide [0426] DIEA: diisopropylethyl amine
[0427] Dmab:
4-{N-(1-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)-3-methylbutyl)
amino} benzyl [0428] DMAP: 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine [0429] DMF
dimethylformamide [0430] DNP: 2,4-dinitrophenyl [0431] Fm:
fluorenylmethyl [0432] Fmoc: fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl [0433] For:
formyl [0434] HBTU:
2-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium
hexafluorophosphate [0435] cHex cyclohexyl [0436] HOAT:
O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium
hexafluorophosphate [0437] HOBt: 1-hydroxy-benzotriazole [0438]
MBHA 4-methylbenzhydrylamine [0439] Mmt: 4-methoxytrityl [0440]
NMP: N-methylpyrrolidone [0441] O-tBu oxy-tert-butyl [0442] Pbf:
2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyldihydrobenzofuran-5-sulfonyl [0443] PyBroP
bromo-tris-pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate [0444] tBu:
tert-butyl [0445] TIS: triisopropylsilane [0446] TOS: tosyl [0447]
Trt trityl [0448] TFA: trifluoro acetic acid [0449] TFFH:
tetramethylfluoroforamidinium hexafluorophosphate [0450] Z:
benzyloxycarbonyl
[0451] Unless otherwise indicated, with the exception of the
N-terminal amino acid, all abbreviations (e.g. Ala) of amino acids
in this disclosure stand for the structure of --NH--C(R)(R')--CO--,
wherein R and R' each is, independently, hydrogen or the side chain
of an amino acid (e.g., R=CH.sub.3 and R'=H for Ala), or R and R'
may be joined to form a ring system.
[0452] For the N-terminal amino acid, the abbreviation stands for
the structure of:
##STR00004##
[0453] The designation "NH.sub.2" in e.g.,
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2, indicates that
the C-terminus of the peptide is amidated.
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys), or alternatively
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-OH, indicates that the
C-terminus is the free acid.
[0454] "-c(Cys-Cys)-" or "-cyclo(Cys-Cys)-" denotes the
structure:
##STR00005##
[0455] "-c(Cys-Pen)-" or "-cyclo(Cys-Pen)-" denotes the
structure:
##STR00006##
[0456] "-c(Asp-Lys)-" or "-cyclo(Asp-Lys)-" denotes the
structure:
##STR00007##
[0457] "Acyl" refers to R''--C(O)--, where R'' is H, alkyl,
substituted alkyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, alkenyl,
substituted alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or substituted alklyaryl, and
is indicated in the general formula of a particular embodiment as
"Ac".
[0458] "Alkyl" refers to a hydrocarbon group containing one or more
carbon atoms, where multiple carbon atoms if present are joined by
single bonds. The alkyl hydrocarbon group may be straight-chain or
contain one or more branches or cyclic groups.
[0459] "Hydroxyalkyl" refers to an alkyl group wherein one or more
hydrogen atoms of the hydrocarbon group are substituted with one or
more hydroxy radicals, such as hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl,
hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl, hydroxypentyl, hydroxyhexyl and the
like.
[0460] "Substituted alkyl" refers to an alkyl wherein one or more
hydrogen atoms of the hydrocarbon group are replaced with one or
more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen,
(i.e., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine), --OH, --CN, --SH,
--NH.sub.2, --NHCH.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, and --C.sub.1-20 alkyl,
wherein said --C.sub.1-20 alkyl optionally may be substituted with
one or more substituents selected, independently for each
occurrence, from the group consisting of halogens, --CF.sub.3,
--OCH.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3, and --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-20--COOH. In
different embodiments 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents are present. The
presence of --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-20--COOH results in the production
of an alkyl acid. Non-limiting examples of alkyl acids containing,
or consisting of, --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-20--COOH include 2-norbornane
acetic acid, tert-butyric acid, 3-cyclopentyl propionic acid, and
the like.
[0461] The term "halo" encompasses fluoro, chloro, bromo and
iodo.
[0462] "Heteroalkyl" refers to an alkyl wherein one of more of the
carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon group is replaced with one or more
of the following groups: amino, amido, --O--, --S-- or carbonyl. In
different embodiments 1 or 2 heteroatoms are present.
[0463] "Substituted heteroalkyl" refers to a heteroalkyl wherein
one or more hydrogen atoms of the hydrocarbon group are replaced
with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of
halogen, (i.e., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine), --OH,
--CN, --SH, --NH.sub.2, --NHCH.sub.3, --NO.sub.2, and --C.sub.1-20
alkyl, wherein said --C.sub.1-20 alkyl optionally may be
substituted with one or more substituents selected, independently
for each occurrence, from the group consisting of halogens,
--CF.sub.3, --OCH.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3, and
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-20--COOH. In different embodiments 1, 2, 3 or 4
substituents are present.
[0464] "Alkenyl" refers to a hydrocarbon group made up of two or
more carbons where one or more carbon-carbon double bonds are
present. The alkenyl hydrocarbon group may be straight-chain or
contain one or more branches or cyclic groups.
[0465] "Substituted alkenyl" refers to an alkenyl wherein one or
more hydrogens are replaced with one or more substituents selected
from the group consisting of halogen (i.e., fluorine, chlorine,
bromine, and iodine), --OH, --CN, --SH, --NH.sub.2, --NHCH.sub.3,
--NO.sub.2, and --C.sub.1-20 alkyl, wherein said --C.sub.1-20 alkyl
optionally may be substituted with one or more substituents
selected, independently for each occurrence, from the group
consisting of halogens, --CF.sub.3, --OCH.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3, and
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-20--COOH. In different embodiments 1, 2, 3 or 4
substituents are present.
[0466] "Aryl" refers to an optionally substituted aromatic group
with at least one ring having a conjugated pi-electron system,
containing up to three conjugated or fused ring systems. Aryl
includes carbocyclic aryl, heterocyclic aryl and biaryl groups.
Preferably, the aryl is a 5- or 6-membered ring. Preferred atoms
for a heterocyclic aryl are one or more sulfur, oxygen, and/or
nitrogen. Non-limiting examples of aryl include phenyl, 1-naphthyl,
2-naphthyl, indole, quinoline, 2-imidazole, 9-anthracene, and the
like. Aryl substituents are selected from the group consisting of
--C.sub.1-20 alkyl, --C.sub.1-20 alkoxy, halogen (i.e., fluorine,
chlorine, bromine, and iodine), --OH, --CN, --SH, --NH.sub.2,
--NO.sub.2, --C.sub.1-20 alkyl substituted with halogens,
--CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3, and --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-20--COOH. In
different embodiments the aryl contains 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4
substituents.
[0467] "Alkylaryl" refers to an "alkyl" joined to an "aryl".
[0468] The term "(C.sub.1-C.sub.12)hydrocarbon moiety" encompasses
alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl and in the case of alkenyl and alkynyl
there is C.sub.2-C.sub.12.
[0469] As used herein, the term "normalizing" functions or
activities refers to those types of functions which may be
considered to be involved in normal body function or homeostasis of
an organism. Such functions include but are not limited to
activities and functions affecting body temperature, blood
pressure, heart rate, vascular tone, brain blood flow, blood
glucose levels and the like.
[0470] As used herein, compounds which are considered to be
"selective" for a particular melanocortin receptor are those
compounds with a functional activity characterized by an EC.sub.50
at least about 2-fold, at least about 5-fold, at least about
10-fold, at least about 15-fold, at least about 17-fold, at least
about 90-fold, at least about 200-fold, at least about 3000-fold or
at least about 10,000-fold, or even greater, selectivity for any
melanocortin receptor as compared to any other melanocortin
receptor. For example, a selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonist
of the invention exhibits a functional activity characterized by an
EC.sub.50 at least about 15-fold more selective for the human
melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 1 receptor,
the human melanocortin 3 receptor and the human melanocortin 5
receptor. Also for example, a selective melanocortin 4 receptor
agonist of the invention exhibits a functional activity
characterized by an EC.sub.50 at least 17-fold more selective for
the human melanocortin 4 receptor than for the human melanocortin 3
receptor.
Synthesis
[0471] The peptides of this invention can be prepared by standard
solid phase peptide synthesis. See, e.g., Stewart, J. M., et al.,
Solid Phase Synthesis (Pierce Chemical Co., 2d ed. 1984). The
substituents R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 of the above generic formula may
be attached to the free amine of the N-terminal amino acid by
standard methods known in the art. For example, alkyl groups, e.g.,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)alkyl, may be attached using reductive
alkylation. Hydroxyalkyl groups, e.g.,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.30)hydroxyalkyl, may also be attached using
reductive alkylation wherein the free hydroxyl group is protected
with a t-butyl ester. Acyl groups, e.g., COE.sup.1, may be attached
by coupling the free acid, e.g., E.sup.1COOH, to the free amine of
the N-terminal amino acid by mixing the completed resin with 3
molar equivalents of both the free acid and diisopropylcarbodiimide
in methylene chloride for one hour. If the free acid contains a
free hydroxyl group, e.g., p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, then the
coupling should be performed with an additional 3 molar equivalents
of HOBt.
[0472] When R.sup.1 is --NH.sub.2, the synthesis of the peptide
starts with an Fmoc-amino acid which is coupled to the Rink Amide
MBHA resin. If R.sup.1 is --OH, the synthesis of the peptide starts
with a Fmoc-amino acid which is coupled to Wang resin.
[0473] In the synthesis of a peptide of this invention containing
A6c and/or Aib, the coupling time is 2 hours for these residues and
the residue immediately following them.
[0474] The following examples describe synthetic methods for making
a peptide of this invention, which methods are well-known to those
skilled in the art. Other methods are also known to those skilled
in the art. The examples are provided for the purpose of
illustration and are not meant to limit the scope of the present
invention in any manner.
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2
[0475] The title peptide was synthesized on an Advanced ChemTech
model 396.RTM. multiple peptide synthesizer (Louisville, Ky. 40228)
using Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) chemistry. A Rink Amide
4-methylbenzylhydrylamine (MBHA) resin (Novabiochem.RTM., San
Diego, Calif.) with substitution of 0.58 mmol/g was used. The Fmoc
amino acids (Novabiochem.RTM., CA and Chem-Impex.RTM., IL) used
were Fmoc-Nle-OH, Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-D-Ala-OH,
Fmoc-His(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-D-Phe-OH, Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH, and
Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH. The synthesis was carried out on a 0.035 mmol
scale. The Fmoc groups were removed by treatment with 25%
piperidine in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) for 30 minutes. In each
coupling step, the Fmoc amino acid (10 eq, 0.35 mmol), N,
N-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) (10 eq, 0.35 mmol), and
1-hydroxy-benzotriazole (HOBt) (10 eq, 0.35 mmol) were used in DMF
(1.4 mL). After washing with DMF, double-coupling was performed
with the Fmoc-amino acid (10 eq, 0.35 mmol),
2-(1-H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,2,3-tetramethyluronium
hexafluorophosphate (HBTU) (8 eq, 0.28 mmol), HOBT (10 eq, 0.35
mmol), and diisopropylethyl amine (DIEA) (20 eq, 0.7 mmol) in DMF
(1.26 mL). The ACT 396.RTM. multiple peptide synthesizer was
programmed to perform the following reaction cycle: (1) washing
with DMF, (2) removing Fmoc protecting group with 25% piperidine in
DMF for 30 minutes, (3) washing with DMF, (4) coupling with Fmoc
amino acid in the presence of DIC and HOBT for 1 hour, (5) washing
with DMF, (6) double-coupling with the same Fmoc amino acid in step
4 in the presence of HBTU, HOBt, and DIEA for 1 hour. The resin was
coupled successively according to the sequence of the title
peptide. After the peptide chain was assembled and the last
Fmoc-protecting group was removed, the resin was washed completely
by using DMF and dichloromethane (DCM).
[0476] To cleave the title peptide, the resin was treated with a
solution (1.5 mL) of TFA, H.sub.2O and triisopropylsilane (TIS)
(v/v/v: 90/6.2/3.8) for 2 hours at room temperature. The resin was
filtered off and the filtrate was poured into 30 mL of ether. The
precipitate was collected by centrifugation. This crude product was
dissolved in water (.about.7 mL) and the pH of the aqueous solution
was adjusted to -7.5 by adding 2N NH.sub.4HCO.sub.3. The solution
was opened to the air for 72 hours at room temperature. The
resulting crude product was purified on a reverse-phase preparative
HPLC system with a column (4.times.43 cm) of C.sub.18
DYNAMAX-100.RTM. A.sup.0 (Varian.RTM., Walnut Creek, CA). The
column was eluted over approximately 1 hour using a linear gradient
of 85% A:15% B to 30% A:70% B, where A was 0.1% TFA in water and B
was 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile. The fractions were checked by
analytical HPLC and those containing pure product were pooled and
lyophilized to dryness to give 10.3 mg (27% yield) of a white
solid. Purity was assayed using HPLC and found to be approximately
88%. Electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis
gave the molecular weight at 1073.6 (in agreement with the
calculated molecular weight of 1074.3).
Example 2: Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2
[0477] The title peptide was synthesized on an Applied
Biosystems.RTM. (Foster City, Calif.) model 430A peptide
synthesizer which was modified to do accelerated Boc-chemistry
solid phase peptide synthesis. See Schnolzer, et al., Int. J.
Peptide Protein Res., 40:180 (1992). 4-methylbenzhydrylamine (MBHA)
resin (Peninsula.RTM., Belmont, Calif.) with the substitution of
0.91 mmol/g was used. The Boc amino acids (Novabiochem.RTM., San
Diego, Calif. and Chem-Impex.RTM., Wood Dale, Ill.) used were:
Boc-Cha-OH, Boc-Asp(OFm)-OH, Boc-His(DNP)-OH, Boc-D-Phe-OH,
Boc-Arg(Tos)-OH, Boc-Trp(For)-OH, Boc-Gaba-OH, and
Boc-Lys(Fmoc)-OH. The synthesis was carried out on a 0.20 mmol
scale. The Boc groups were removed by treatment with 100% TFA for
2.times.1 minute. Boc amino acids (2.5 mmol) were pre-activated
with HBTU (2.0 mmol) and DIEA (1.0 mL) in 4 mL of DMF and were
coupled without prior neutralization of the peptide-resin TFA salt.
Coupling times were 5 minutes.
[0478] At the end of the assembly of
Boc-Asp(OFm)-His(DNP)-D-Phe-Arg(Tos)-Trp(For)-Gaba-Lys(Fmoc)-MBHA,
the peptide-resin was transferred into a reaction vessel on a
shaker. The resin was treated twice with 25% piperidine in DMF for
15 minutes per session, washed with DMF, and shaken with
bromo-tris-pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBrOP) (6
eq, 0.3 mmol), DIEA (1 mL), and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP)
(24 mg) in DMF (2 mL) for 12 hours. After washing with DMF, the
resin was treated twice with 100% TFA for 2 minutes per treatment,
washed with DMF and DCM, and then dried under reduced pressure. One
fourth of the peptide-resin (0.05 mmol) was used for the next
coupling with Boc-Cha-OH (10 eq, 0.5 mmol) in the presence of HBTU
(9 eq, 0.45 mmol) and DIEA (0.25 mL) in DMF for 10 minutes. After
the deprotection with 100% TFA in two sessions lasting
approximately 2 minutes each, the peptide-resin was then washed
with DMF. The final capping step was done by shaking the resin with
acetic anhydride (40 eq, 2.0 mmol) and DIEA (20 eq, 1.0 mmol) in
DMF for 1 hour. After washing with DMF, the resin was treated twice
with a solution of 20% mercaptoethanol/10% DIEA in DMF, each
treatment lasting approximately 30 minutes, to remove the DNP group
on the Histidine side chain. The formyl group on the side chain of
Tryptophan was removed by shaking with a solution of 15%
ethanolamine/15% water/70% DMF twice for 30 minutes per shaking.
The peptide-resin was washed with DMF and DCM and dried under
reduced pressure. The final cleavage was done by stirring the
peptide-resin in 10 mL of HF containing 1 mL of anisole and
dithiothreitol (30 mg) at 0.degree. C. for 75 minutes. HF was
removed by a flow of nitrogen. The residue was washed with ether
(6.times.10 mL) and extracted with 4N HOAc (6.times.10 mL).
[0479] The peptide mixture in the aqueous extract was purified on
reverse-phase preparative high pressure liquid chromatography
(HPLC) using a reverse phase VYDAC.RTM. C.sub.18 column (Nest
Group.RTM., Southborough, Mass.). The column was eluted with a
linear gradient (10% to 50% of solution B over 40 minutes) at a
flow rate of 10 mL/minute (Solution A=water containing 0.1% TFA;
Solution B=acetonitrile containing 0.1% of TFA). Fractions were
collected and checked on analytical HPLC. Those containing pure
product were combined and lyophilized to dryness. 5.1 mg of a white
solid was obtained. Yield was 8.9%. Purity was 94.5% based on
analytical HPLC analysis. Electro-spray mass spectrometer (MS(ES))S
analysis gave the molecular weight at 1148.5 (in agreement with the
calculated molecular weight of 1148.3).
[0480] Other peptides of the invention can be prepared by a person
of ordinary skill in the art using synthetic procedures analogous
to those disclosed generally hereinabove and/or to those disclosed
specifically in the foregoing examples, as were the compounds
depicted in Tables 1A and 1B.
[0481] Other peptides of the invention can be prepared by a person
of ordinary skill in the art using synthetic procedures analogous
to those disclosed generally hereinabove and/or to those disclosed
specifically in the foregoing examples, as were the compounds
depicted in Tables 1A and 1B.
[0482] The following examples can be made according to the
appropriate procedures described above: [0483]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0484]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-A6c-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0485]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ahx-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0486]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2; [0487]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0488] D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0489] Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0490]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0491]
Ac-A6c-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0492]
Ac-D-2-Nal-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0493]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0494]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-.beta.-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0495]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Gaba-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0496]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Aib-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0497]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Gly-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0498]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0499]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0500]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-.beta.-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0501]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Gaba-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0502]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Aib-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0503]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Gly-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0504]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0505]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-.beta.-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0506]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Gaba-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0507]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Aib-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0508]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Gly-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0509]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0510]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0511]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-.beta.-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0512]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Gaba-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0513]
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Aib-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0514]
Ac-Oic-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0515]
Ac-Chg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0516]
Ac-hCha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0517]
Ac-D-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0518]
Ac-Nip-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0519]
Ac-hPro-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0520]
Ac-hLeu-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0521]
Ac-hCha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0522]
Ac-Phe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0523]
Ac-D-Phe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0524]
Ac-D-Chg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0525]
n-butanoyl-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0526]
Ac-hPhe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0527]
Ac-.beta.-hMet-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0528]
Ac-Gaba-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0529]
Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0530]
Ac-hCha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0531]
Ac-Leu-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0532]
Ac-hLeu-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0533]
Ac-Phe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0534]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-D-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0535]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0536]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0537]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Aha-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0538]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Apn-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0539]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0540]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0541]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Ahx-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0542]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0543]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-D-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0544]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0545]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-2-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0546]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-1-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0547]
n-butanoyl-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-2-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
[0548] n-butanoyl-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
[0549] Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-2-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0550]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-1-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0551]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Bal-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0552]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Glu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0553]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0554]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Bal-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0555]
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0556]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0557]
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0558]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-hArg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0559]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0560]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Bip-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0561]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-hArg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0562]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-hArg-Bip-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0563]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-hArg-Bip-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2;
[0564] Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
[0565] Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
[0566]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
[0567] Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
[0568] Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
[0569] Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0570]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0571]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Bal-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0572]
Ac-c(Cys-Glu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0573]
Ac-c(Cys-Glu-His-D-Phe-Arg-2-Nal-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0574]
Ac-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0575]
Ac-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-2-Nal-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0576]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0577]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
[0578] Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2;
[0579] Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-OH; [0580]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Abu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0581]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Val-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0582]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ile-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0583]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Leu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0584]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Tle-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0585]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Cha-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0586]
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0587]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0588]
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0589]
Ac-Leu-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0590]
Ac-Cha-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0591]
Ac-Ile-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0592]
Ac-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0593]
Ac-Val-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0594]
Ac-2-Nal-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0595]
Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0596]
Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0597]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-3-Pal-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0598]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-OH; [0599]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0600]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Bal-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0601]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0602]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0603]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0604]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Ahx-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0605]
Ac-hPhe-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0606]
Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0607]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Lys)-OH; [0608]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ahx-Cys)-OH; [0609]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-OH; [0610]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-OH; [0611]
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-D-Cys)-Thr-OH; [0612]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Cys)-OH; [0613]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Lys)-OH; [0614]
Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-OH; [0615]
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-OH; [0616]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-OH; [0617]
Ac-Chg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-OH; [0618]
Ac-D-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-OH; [0619]
Ac-hCha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-OH; [0620]
Ac-D-Chg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-OH; [0621]
Ac-hPhe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-OH; [0622]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-OH; [0623]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-Ahx-Cys)-OH; [0624]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Cys)-OH; [0625]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-Trp-D-Ala-Cys)-OH; [0626]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-OH; [0627]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-2-Nal-Cys)-OH; [0628]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-1-Nal-Cys)-OH; [0629]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Bal-Cys)-OH; [0630]
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-OH; [0631]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-OH; [0632]
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0633]
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; [0634]
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0635]
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0636]
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0637]
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2; [0638]
Ac-D-Arg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0639]
Ac-Arg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2; [0640]
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2; and [0641]
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-OH.
[0642] Other peptides of the invention can be prepared by a person
of ordinary skill in the art using synthetic procedures analogous
to those disclosed generally hereinabove and/or to those disclosed
specifically in the foregoing examples, as were the compounds
depicted in Tables 1A and 1B.
Tables 1A and 1B--Molecular Weight and Purity for Selected
Embodiments
TABLE-US-00002 [0643] TABLE 1A Calculated Experimental Molecular
Molecular Compound Weight Weight Purity Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-
1095.27 1095.2 96.4 Trp-.beta.-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1149.36 1149.05 96
Trp-A6c-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1116.38 1115.8 98
Trp-Ahx-Cys)-NH.sub.2 D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp- 1167.38 1167.3
99 Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2 D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp- 1167.38
1167.5 93 .beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp- 1181.41 1181.9 99
Gaba-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1102.35 1103
99 Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1123.32 1123.9
99 Trp-Apn-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-A6c-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1121.31 1121.2
93 Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-D-2-Nal-c(Asp-His-D-Phe- 1193.37
1193.2 92.6 Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-
1149.36 1149.4 94.5 Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2;
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1109.3 1109.2 91.5
Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe- 1074.3 1074.6
98.3 Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-.beta.-Ala-His-D-Phe-
1074.3 1074.4 91 Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Gaba-His-D-Phe-
1088.32 1088.4 93 Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Aib-His-D-Phe-
1088.32 1088.4 80 Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Gly-His-D-Phe-
1060.27 1060.4 90 Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Ala-His-D-Phe- 1074.3 1074.4 93
Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-D-Ala-His-D- 1074.3 1074.4 81
Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-.beta.-Ala-His-D- 1074.3
1074.4 92 Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Gaba-His-D-Phe-
1088.32 1088.4 94 Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Aib-His-D-Phe- 1088.32 1088.4 91
Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Gly-His-D-Phe- 1060.27 1060.4
96 Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe- 1074.3
1074.4 66 Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-.beta.-Ala-His-D-Phe- 1074.3 1074.2 94
Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Gaba-His-D-Phe- 1088.32 1088.2
93 Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Aib-His-D-Phe- 1088.32
1088.4 90 Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-Gly-His-D-Phe-
1060.27 1060.4 91 Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Ala-His-D-Phe- 1074.3 1074.4 65
Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-D-Ala-His-D- 1074.3 1074.2
93 Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-.beta.-Ala-His-D-
1074.3 1074.4 92 Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Gaba-His-D-Phe- 1088.32 1088.4 90
Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(D-Cys-Aib-His-D-Phe- 1088.32 1088
95 Arg-Trp-D-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Oic-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1147.35
1147.4 97.5 Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Chg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-
1135.33 1135.1 99 Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-hCha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1163.39 1163.4 99
Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-D-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1149.36 1149.2
99 Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nip-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1107.28 1107
98.9 Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-hPro-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1107.28
1107.4 99 Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-hLeu-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-
1123.32 1123.2 99 Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-D-hCha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-
1163.39 1163.6 94 Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Phe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1143.31 1143.3 96.9
Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-D-Phe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1143.31 1143.3
96.5 Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-D-Chg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1135.33
1135.4 99 Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2 n-Butyryl-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-
1177.41 1177.5 88.6 Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-hPhe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1157.34 1157.2 70
Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-.beta.-hMet-c(Asp-His-D-Phe- 1141.36
1141.2 89 Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Gaba-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-
1081.24 1080.9 92.5 Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D- 1135.33 1135.2 85
Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-hCha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1149.36 1149.1
87 D-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Leu-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D- 1095.27
1095.4 98.6 Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-hLeu-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-
1109.3 1109.2 93.8 D-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Phe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D- 1129.29 1129.2 81.9
Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D- 1095.27 1095.3
97 Trp-D-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D- 1095.27
1095.3 82 Trp-.beta.-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D- 1109.3 1109.1 99
Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D- 1137.35 1137.4
98 Trp-Aha-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-D- 1123.32
1123.3 97.3 Trp-Apn-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-
1102.35 1102 99 Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-
1088.32 1087.8 97 Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D- 1116.38 1116.2 99
Trp-Ahx-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D- 1074.3 1073.8
99.9 Trp-.beta.-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-D-
1074.3 1073.8 99.9 Trp-D-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2- 1124.36 1123.6 96.1
Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2- 1135.38
1134.5 99.1 Nal-Arg-2-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2-
1135.38 1134.6 94.8 Nal-Arg-1-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2
nButanoyl-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His- 1113.37 1112.6 95.7
D-Phe-Arg-2-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2 nButanoyl-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-
1102.35 1101.5 99.9 D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe- 1085.32 1084.4 97.7
Arg-2-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe- 1085.32
1084.5 96.6 Arg-1-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-
1091.35 1090.4 96.2 Arg-Bal-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Glu-His-D-Phe- 1132.33 1131.5 99.9
Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1095.27 1094.6
99.9 Trp-D-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2- 1141.41
1140.5 95.6 Nal-Arg-Bal-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Pen-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-
1102.35 1101.6 99.9 Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe- 1102.35 1101.6 99.9
Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Pen-D-Ala-His-D-Phe- 1130.4 1129.6
99.9 Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2 D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-hArg- 1181.41
1181.7 96.9 Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-Arg- 1211.43 1211.7 97.1
Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2 D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Bip-
1204.44 1204.6 99 .beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-hArg- 1225.46 1225.7 97
Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2 D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-hArg-
1218.47 1218.8 99 Bip-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-hArg- 1262.52 1263 99
Bip-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-
1131.35 1131.2 96.8 Arg-Trp-Gly-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe- 1145.37 1145.3 96.4
Arg-Trp-D-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe- 1145.37
1145.2 98.2 Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe- 1159.4 1159.2 95.1
Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe- 1173.43
1173.3 96.8 Arg-Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-
1060.31 1060.3 98.5 Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Asp-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-
1095.27 1094.7 96.2 Arg-Trp-Lys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-D-Ala-His-D-Phe- 1112.32 1111.7 96.5
Arg-Bal-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-c(Cys-Glu-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1090.25 1089.6
99.9 Trp-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-c(Cys-Glu-His-D-Phe-Arg-2- 1101.27
1100.6 98.3 Nal-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-
1032.22 1031.5 95.2 Trp-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1043.24 1042.5 95.6
2-Nal-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe- 1144.39
1144.6 95.3 Arg-Trp-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-
1145.37 1144.6 97.3 Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe- 1158.41 1158.6 96.5
Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe- 1103.33
1103 99.9 Arg-Trp-Pen)-OH Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Abu-His-D-Phe- 1088.32
1087.6 99.9 Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Val-His-D-Phe-
1102.35 1101.7 99.9 Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ile-His-D-Phe- 1116.38 1115.7 99.9
Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Leu-His-D-Phe- 1116.38 1115.8
97.4 Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Tle-His-D-Phe- 1116.38
1115.5 96.5 Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Cha-His-D-Phe-
1156.44 1155.6 96.4 Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1116.38 1115.7 95
Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1116.38 1115.5
99.9 Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Pen-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1144.43
1144 99.9 Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Leu-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-
1088.32 1088 96.7 Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Cha-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1128.39 1128.4 95.8
Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Ile-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp- 1088.32
1088.4 95 Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1122.34
1122 95.2 Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Val-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1074.3
1074.6 95.4 Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-2-Nal-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-
1172.4 1172.2 95.2 Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp- 1046.29 1046.4 97.6 Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp- 1080.3 1080 95.8 Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-3-Pal-D-Phe-Arg- 1099.35 1099.6 96.6
Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe- 1075.28 1075.2
99.9 Arg-Trp-Cys)-OH Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-Phe-Arg-D- 1088.32 1088 95.8
Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Asp-D-Ala-His-D-Phe- 1183.4 1182.85
99.9 Arg-Bal-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-
1145.33 1145 99.99 Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg- 1145.33 1145 99.99
Trp-.beta.Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-2-Nal-Arg- 1138.38
1137.8 99.99 Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-2-Nal-Arg-
1166.44 1166 99 Trp-Ahx-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-hPhe-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg- 1207.4 1206.9 99
Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-Arg- 1199.42 1198.8
100 Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe- 1117.3
1116.9 95.10 Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-
1117.33 1116.8 99.2 Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D- 1145.38 1144.9 96.4
Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2 Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1159.41
1158.9 99.9 Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Arg-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-
1159.41 1159.1 99 Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe- 1145.38 1145.1 99
Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2 Ac-D-Arg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1138.3 1138.0
98.0 Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Arg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 1138.3
1138.1 99.0 Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 1B Calculated Experimental Molecular Molecular
Compound Weight Weight Purity Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2- 1167.39
1167.40 99.9 Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Example 3: In Vitro Studies
[0644] Compounds of the present invention can be and were tested
for activity as ligands of one or more of the melanocortin
receptors according to the following procedures. One skilled in the
art would know that procedures similar to those described herein
may be used to assay the binding activities of the compounds of the
invention to melanocortin receptor molecules.
Radioligand Binding Assays
[0645] Cellular membranes used for the in vitro receptor binding
assays were obtained from transgenic CHO-K1 cells stably expressing
hMC-R receptor subtypes 1, 3, 4 or 5. The CHO-K1 cells expressing
the desired hMC-R receptor type were sonicated (Branson.RTM.
setting 7, approximately 30 sec) in ice-cold 50 mM Tris-HCl at pH
7.4 and then centrifuged at 39,000 g for 10 minutes at
approximately 4.degree. C. The pellets were resuspended in the same
buffer and centrifuged at 50,000 g for 10 minutes at approximately
4.degree. C. The washed pellets containing the cellular membranes
were stored at approximately -80.degree. C.
[0646] Competitive inhibition of
[.sup.125I](Tyr.sup.2)-(Nle.sup.4-D-Phe.sup.7).alpha.-MSH
([.sup.125I]-NDP-.alpha.-MSH, Amersham Biosciences.RTM.) binding
was carried out in polypropylene 96 well plates. Cell membranes
(1-10 .mu.g protein/well) prepared as described above were
incubated in 50 mM Tris-HCl at pH 7.4 containing 0.2% bovine serum
albumin (BSA), 5 mM MgCl.sub.2, 1 mM CaCl.sub.2 and 0.1 mg/mL
bacitracin, with increasing concentrations of the test compound and
0.1-0.3 nM [.sup.125I]-NDP-.alpha.-MSH for approximately 90-120
minutes at approximately 37.degree. C. Bound
[.sup.125I]-NDP-.alpha.-MSH ligand was separated from free
[.sup.125I]-NDP-.alpha.-MSH by filtration through GF/C glass fiber
filter plates (Unifilter.RTM.; Packard) presoaked with 0.1% (w/v)
polyethylenimine (PEI), using a Packard Filtermate.RTM. harvester.
Filters were washed three times with 50 mM Tris-HCl at pH 7.4 at a
temperature of approximately 0-4.degree. C. and then assayed for
radioactivity using a Packard Topcount.RTM. scintillation counter.
Binding data were analyzed by computer-assisted non-linear
regression analysis (XL fit; IDBS).
[0647] A selection of the preferred embodiments was tested using
the above-discussed assay and the binding constants (Ki in nM) are
reported in Tables 2A, 2B and 2C.
Tables 2A, 2B and 2C--Radioligand Binding Assay Data for Selected
Compounds
TABLE-US-00004 [0648] TABLE 2A Ki Ki Ki Ki Ki hMC1- Compound hMC1-R
hMC3-R hMC4-R hMC5-R R/MC4-R Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D- 3.87 10.1
2.09 430 1.9 Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-
4.01 12.1 1.76 352 2.3 Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D- 8.29 13.3 2.78 816 3.0
Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2 Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-His-D-Phe- 3.93 172 11.0
538 0.36 Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Arg-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-
1.81 20.5 4.57 502 0.4 Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D- 9.67 22.0 4.2 1900 2.3
Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2 Ac-D-Arg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe- 0.79 45.5 1.21
493 0.6 Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Arg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 0.68
20.7 1.01 783 0.7 Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 2B Ki Ki Ki Ki Ki hMC1- Compound hMC1-R hMC3-R
hMC4-R hMC5-R R/MC4-R Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2- 114 63.9 3.07
1657 37.1 Nal-Arg-1-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D- 11
26 7.6 1800 1.4 Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr- 0.05 9.3 1.1 2.9 0.0
Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2 Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-
0.07 4.1 0.85 8.8 0.1 Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-
0.12 10 0.43 0.42 0.3 Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2
Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp- 0.05 1.3 0.47 0.2 0.1
Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 0.0996 9318 0.617
10.9 0.16 Trp-.beta.-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-
.0132 16.1 1.23 0.359 0.11 Trp-Ahx-Cys)-NH.sub.2
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg- 0.207 43.2 2.58 344 0.08
Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2 D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg- 0.420
106 4.75 1260 0.09 Trp-Gaba-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg- 0.0951 9.33 0.894 13.4 0.11
Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 0.999 300 11.1
431 0.09 Trp-Apn-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 0.106
11.8 1.49 110 0.07 Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 0.0506 9.89 1.04 16.3 0.05
Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Chg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 0.884 223 22.5
609 0.04 Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-hCha-c(Asp-His-D-P-he- 0.721
93.5 56.0 747 0.01 Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-D-Chg-c(Asp-His-D-Phe- 0.227 14.5 2.99 164 0.08
Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-hPhe-c(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg- 0.277 25.2
3.37 203 0.08 Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-
0.323 14.1 1.96 24.0 0.16 D-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-D-Ala-His-D- 34.1 118 17.0 5560 2.01
Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D- 29.1 22.8 3.84
2550 7.58 Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2 D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-hArg-
0.442 123 10.3 521 0.04 Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg- 5.80 3370 583 1130 0.01
Bip-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2 D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-
0.0567 31.4 14.7 9.27 0 hArg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr- NH.sub.2
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-hArg- 1.68 1260 172 1220 0.01
Bip-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2 D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr- 0.128
85.6 36.9 38.0 0 hArg-Bip-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr- NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D- 0.352 149 3.01 339 0.12
Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D- 3.93 876
48.0 4940 0.08 Phe-Arg-Trp-D-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D- 0.995 287 4.80 766 0.21
Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-
0.848 184 3.76 956 0.23 Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D- 1.10 228 7.58 859 0.15
Phe-Arg-Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Asp-D-Ala-His-D- 0.659 98.9
2.55 4.19 0.26 Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Asp-D-Ala-His-D-
4.12 445 50.6 4300 0.08 Phe-Arg-Bal-Lys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-c(Cys-Glu-His-D-Phe-Arg- 111 1710 47.7 694 2.33
Trp-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-c(Cys-Glu-His-D-Phe-Arg- 262 2500 96.4
1460 2.72 2-Nal-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe- 199
5990 96.7 >10000 2.06 Arg-Trp-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe- 132 4560 40.7 8810 3.24
Arg-2-Nal-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D- 9.12 1130
22.1 2860 0.41 Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D- 1.00 227 5.55 496 0.18
Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-
0.536 169 3.12 358 0.17 Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D- 32.1 330 17.4 165 1.84
Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-OH Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Abu-His-D- 10.6 41.1 7.69 54.9
1.38 Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Val-His-D- 13.0 104
10.1 40 1.29 Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ile-His-D-Phe- 4.28 38.5 9.0 12.5 0.48
Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Leu-His-D- 1.60 6.82 4.13 5.57
0.39 Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Tle-His-D-Phe- 12.0
85.8 11.2 40 1.07 Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Cha-His-D-
0.353 2.08 1.41 0.857 0.25 Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Pen-His-D-Phe-Arg- 0.537 86.1 5.89 2.56 0.09
Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Pen-His-D-Phe-Arg- 0.744 178 3.51
2.69 0.21 Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Leu-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg- 0.216
17.4 0.995 0.486 0.22 Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Cha-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg- 0.107 9.11 0.884 0.354 0.12
Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Ile-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg- 0.148 13.9 1.06
0.423 0.14 Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg- 0.254
18.5 2.13 0.714 0.12 Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Val-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg- 0.256 29.9 1.98 0.864 0.13
Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-2-Nal-c(Cys-His-D-Phe- 0.560 39.2 2.94
2.73 0.19 Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Phe-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-
0.186 15.2 4.93 0.537 0.04 Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-3-Pal-D-Phe-Arg- 21.1 151 10.4 92.6 2.03
Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D- 30.7 152 15.6 114
1.97 Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-OH Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-Phe-Arg-D- 5.20 150 138
20.3 0.04 Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Asp-D-Ala-His-D- 4.89 290
21.3 11.1 0.23 Phe-Arg-Bal-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2- 25.5 3.82 7.61 102 3.35
Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2- 32.5 5.85
2.53 94.6 12.85 Nal-Arg-2-Nal-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2- 22.2 12.7 16.6 125 1.34
Nal-Arg-Bal-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal- 1.17 1.56 0.277
3.24 4.22 Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal- 0.648
2.78 0.329 1.4 1.97 Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Lys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-2-Nal-Arg- 0.393 1.86 0.375 1.11 1.05
Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-2-Nal-Arg- 0.333 2.91
0.998 0.366 0.33 Trp-Ahx-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-hPhe-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal-
0.461 2.45 0.931 1.37 0.50 Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2
Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-2-Nal- 0.576 3.98 2.82 3.91 0.20
Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-NH.sub.2
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 2C Ki Ki Ki Ki Ki hMC1- Compound hMC1- hMC3-R
hMC4-R hMC5-R R/MC4-R Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-2- 17.9 1.68 0.256
23.4 69.9 Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2
cyclic AMP Bioassay
[0649] Intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels were determined by an
electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assay (Meso Scale Discovery.RTM.,
Gaithersburg, Md.; referred to hereinafter as MSD). CHO-K1 cells
stably expressing the hMC receptor subtypes were suspended in RMPI
1640 .RTM. assay buffer (RMPI 1640 buffer contains 0.5 mM
isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), and 0.2% protein cocktail (MSD
blocker A)). Transgenic CHO-K1 cells stably expressing hMC receptor
subtypes 1, 3, 4 or 5 were dispensed at a density of approximately
7,000 cells/well in 384-well Multi-Array.RTM. plates (MSD)
containing integrated carbon electrodes and coated with anti-cAMP
antibody. Increasing concentrations of the test compounds were
added and the cells were incubated for approximately 40 minutes at
approximately 37.degree. C. Following this incubation, lysis buffer
(HEPES-buffered saline solution with MgCl.sub.2 and Triton
X-100.RTM. at ph 7.3) containing 0.2% protein cocktail and 2.5 nM
TAG.TM. ruthenium-labeled cAMP (MSD) was added and the cells were
incubated for approximately 90 minutes at room temperature. At the
end of the second incubation period read buffer (Tris-buffered
solution containing an ECL co-reactant and Triton X-100 at ph 7.8)
was added and the cAMP levels in the cell lysates were immediately
determined by ECL detection with a Sector Imager 6000 Reader.RTM.
(MSD). Data were analyzed using a computer-assisted non-linear
regression analysis (XL fit; IDBS) and reported as either an
EC.sub.50 value or a Kb value.
[0650] EC.sub.50 represents the concentration of an agonist
compound needed to obtain 50% of the maximum reaction response,
e.g., 50% of the maximum level of cAMP as determined using the
assay described above. The Kb value reflects the potency of an
antagonist and is determined by Schild analysis. In brief,
concentration-response curves of an agonist are carried out in the
presence of increasing concentrations of an antagonist. The Kb
value is the concentration of antagonist which would produce a
2-fold shift in the concentration-response curve for an agonist. It
is calculated by extrapolating the line on a Schild plot to zero on
the y-axis.
[0651] A selection of compounds was tested using the
above-discussed assays and the results are reported in Tables 3A,
3B, 3C, and 3D.
Tables 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D--cAMP Bioassay Data for Selected
Compounds
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 3A EC.sub.50 EC.sub.50 EC.sub.50 EC.sub.50
EC.sub.50 hMC1- Compound hMC1-R hMC3-R hMC4-R hMC5-R R/MC4-R
Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His- 5.79 5.25 0.313 1630 18.0
D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)- NH.sub.2 Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala- 6.17 5.6 0.397
1020 16.0 His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)- NH.sub.2 Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-
26.5 10.5 0.493 2440 54.0 His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)- NH.sub.2
Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-His-D- 8.43 32.4 0.959 2140 9.0
Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)- NH.sub.2 Ac-Arg-c(Cys-His-D- 4.23 8.09 0.719
23.2 6.0 Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)- NH.sub.2 Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-
48.3 13.3 0.79 10000 61.0 D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)- NH.sub.2
Ac-D-Arg-c(Asp-His-D- 1.48 5.76 0.078 297 19.0
Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys)- NH.sub.2 Ac-Arg-c(Asp-His-D- 1.39 2.89 0.055
467 25.0 Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys)- NH.sub.2 ND = not determined
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 3B EC.sub.50 EC.sub.50 EC.sub.50 EC.sub.50
EC.sub.50 hMC1- Compound hMC1-R hMC3-R hMC4-R hMC5-R R/MC4-R
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His- 2.4 0.33 0.078 420 31 D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-
NH.sub.2 D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D- 0.35 1.1 0.11 0.37 3
(Et)Tyr-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala- D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2
Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe- 0.31 0.27 0.018 3.1 17
Arg-Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe- 0.28 0.24 0.028
3.9 10 Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2 Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe- 0.37 0.1
0.021 1.7 18 Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D- 0.834
0.145 0.128 2.79 6.52 Phe-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Lys)- NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe- 0.76 0.199 0.0492 1.73 15.45
Arg-Trp-Apn-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D- 3.26 0.189 0.0949
30.2 34.35 Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)- NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D- 1.37
0.628 0.131 3.48 10.46 Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)- NH.sub.2
Ac-hCha-c(Asp-His-D- 2.27 3.32 7.24 415 0.31 Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)-
NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Pen-D-Ala-His- ND 1.89 0.531 ND ND
D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)- NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His- 14.3 2.03
0.183 2240 78.14 D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)- NH.sub.2 D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-
0.345 2.71 5376 2.38 0.06 (Et)Tyr-hArg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-
D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2 D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D- 0.685 81.8 86.9 31.8 0.01
(Et)Tyr-hArg-Bip-.beta.-Ala- D-Cys)-Thr-NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Asp-D-Ala-His- 0.931 3.22 1.65 >10000 0.56
D-Phe-Arg-Bal-Lys)-NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Leu-His- 3.24 0.465
0.0915 78.5 35.41 D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)- NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Cha-
0.819 0.541 0.453 45.3 1.81 His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)- NH.sub.2 ND =
not determined
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 3C EC50 Kb Kb EC50 Compound hMC1-R hMC3-R
MC4-R hMC5-R Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His- 17.6 12.4 38.8 11.8
D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)- NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-2- 0.619 2.98
0.109 0.189 Nal-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys)- NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Asp-His-D-2-
0.913 0.536 0.346 0.489 Nal-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-Lys)- NH.sub.2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-2- 0.231 18.4 0.782 0.153 Nal-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Cys)-
NH.sub.2 Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-2- 0.581 10.8 0.967 0.126
Nal-Arg-Trp-Ahx-Cys)- NH.sub.2 Ac-hPhe-c(Asp-His-D-2- 0.413 9.32
0.824 0.307 Nal-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)- NH.sub.2 Ac-Cha-c(Asp-His-D-2-
1.27 3.02 0.442 0.736 Nal-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Lys)- NH2
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His- 383 61.5 53.6 2842 D-2-Nal-Arg-1-Nal-Cys)-
NH.sub.2
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 3D EC50 Kb Kb EC50 Compound hMC1-R hMC3-R
MC4-R hMC5-R Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His- 193 5.72 1.58 1111
D-2-Nal-Arg-Trp-Cys)- NH.sub.2
Example 4: In Vivo Studies
[0652] Compounds of the present invention can be and were tested
for an effect upon food intake and/or body weight according to the
following procedures. One skilled in the art would know that
procedures similar to those described herein may be used to assay
the effect of the compounds of the invention upon food intake
and/or body weight.
[0653] Ligand compounds activating melanocortin receptors tested in
the in vivo studies were as follows (Table 4):
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 4 Ligand Code Structure Compound A
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2 Compound B
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2 Compound C
Ac-Nle-c(Cys-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gaba-Pen)-NH.sub.2 Compound D
D-Phe-c(Cys-His-D-(Et)Tyr-Arg-Trp-.beta.-Ala-D-Cys)-Thr- NH.sub.2
Compound E Ac-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Compound F Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Cys)-NH.sub.2
Compound G Ac-D-Arg-c(Cys-D-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pen)-NH.sub.2
Acute Feeding Experiments (Fasting)
[0654] Male Sprague Dawley rats (250 g) were housed in individual
cages and maintained under 12:12 hour light:dark conditions. The
rats were fasted for 18 hours prior to the start of the experiment
with water available ad libitum. At time 0, the rats were injected
subcutaneously (sc) with selected compounds at doses of either 500
or 100 nmole/kg, or with vehicle, and were provided with food.
Individual food consumption was measured at about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and
6 hours after injection. Data for selected compounds of the
invention are reported in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
Acute Feeding Experiments (Non Fasting)
[0655] Male Sprague Dawley rats (250 g) are housed in individual
cages and maintained under 12:12 hour light:dark conditions. Food
and water is available ad libitum throughout the experiment. At
time 0, the rats are injected sc with compound at doses of either
500 or 100 nmole/kg, or with vehicle. Individual food consumption
is measured at about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours after injection.
Chronic Feeding Experiments
[0656] Male Sprague Dawley rats (250 g) were housed in individual
cages and maintained under 12:12 hour light:dark conditions with
both food and water available ad libitum. The rats were injected sc
3.times./day (approximately 0800 hour, 1200 hour, and 1600 hour)
with compound at various doses or with vehicle for 7 days.
[0657] Individual body weight and food consumption were measured
daily. Data for selected compounds of the invention are reported in
FIGS. 2A and 2B, FIGS. 3A and 3B, and FIGS. 4A and 4B.
Administration and Use
[0658] The peptides of this invention can be provided in the form
of pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Examples of such salts
include, but are not limited to, those formed with organic acids
(e.g., acetic, lactic, maleic, citric, malic, ascorbic, succinic,
benzoic, methanesulfonic, toluenesulfonic, or pamoic acid),
inorganic acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or
phosphoric acid), and polymeric acids (e.g., tannic acid,
carboxymethyl cellulose, polylactic, polyglycolic, or copolymers of
polylactic-glycolic acids). A typical method of making a salt of a
peptide of the present invention is well known in the art and can
be accomplished by standard methods of salt exchange. Accordingly,
the TFA salt of a peptide of the present invention (the TFA salt
results from the purification of the peptide by using preparative
HPLC, eluting with TFA containing buffer solutions) can be
converted into another salt, such as an acetate salt, by dissolving
the peptide in a small amount of 0.25 N acetic acid aqueous
solution. The resulting solution is applied to a semi-prep HPLC
column (Zorbax.RTM., 300 SB, C-8). The column is eluted with: (1)
0.1N ammonium acetate aqueous solution for 0.5 hours; (2) 0.25N
acetic acid aqueous solution for 0.5 hours; and (3) a linear
gradient (20% to 100% of solution B over 30 minutes) at a flow rate
of 4 ml/min (solution A is 0.25N acetic acid aqueous solution;
solution B is 0.25N acetic acid in acetonitrile/water, 80:20). The
fractions containing the peptide are collected and lyophilized to
dryness.
[0659] As is well known to those skilled in the art, the known and
potential uses of peptides with melanocortin receptor (MC-R)
agonist or antagonist activity is varied and multitudinous, thus
the administration of the compounds of this invention for purposes
of eliciting an agonist effect can have the same effects and uses
as melanocortin itself.
[0660] Accordingly, the present invention includes within its scope
pharmaceutical compositions comprising, as an active ingredient, at
least one of the compounds of formula (I) in association with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0661] The dosage of active ingredient in the compositions of this
invention may be varied; however, it is necessary that the amount
of the active ingredient be such that a suitable dosage form is
obtained. The selected dosage depends upon the desired therapeutic
effect, on the route of administration, and on the duration of the
treatment. In general, an effective dosage for the activities of
this invention is in the range of 1.times.10.sup.-7 to 200
mg/kg/day, preferably 1.times.10.sup.-4 to 100 mg/kg/day which can
be administered as a single dose or divided into multiple
doses.
[0662] The compounds of this invention can be administered by oral,
parenteral (e.g., intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous or
subcutaneous injection, or implant), nasal, vaginal, rectal,
sublingual or topical routes of administration and can be
formulated with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers to provide
dosage forms appropriate for each route of administration.
[0663] Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules,
tablets, pills, powders and granules. In such solid dosage forms,
the active compound is admixed with at least one inert
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as sucrose, lactose, or
starch. Such dosage forms can also comprise, as is normal practice,
additional substances other than such inert diluents, e.g.,
lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate. In the case of
capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage forms may also comprise
buffering agents. Tablets and pills can additionally be prepared
with enteric coatings.
[0664] Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include
pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions,
syrups, the elixirs containing inert diluents commonly used in the
art, such as water. Besides such inert diluents, compositions can
also include adjuvants, such as wetting agents, emulsifying and
suspending agents, and sweetening, flavoring and perfuming
agents.
[0665] Preparations according to this invention for parenteral
administration include sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solutions,
suspensions, or emulsions. Examples of non-aqueous solvents or
vehicles are propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils,
such as olive oil and corn oil, gelatin, and injectable organic
esters such as ethyl oleate. Such dosage forms may also contain
adjuvants such as preserving, wetting, emulsifying, and dispersing
agents. Preparations may be sterilized by, for example, filtration
through a bacteria-retaining filter, by incorporating sterilizing
agents into the compositions, by irradiating the compositions, or
by heating the compositions. Preparations can also be manufactured
in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved in
sterile water or some other sterile injectable medium immediately
before use.
[0666] Compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are
preferably suppositories which may contain, in addition to the
active substance, excipients such as cocoa butter or a suppository
wax.
[0667] Compositions for nasal or sublingual administration are also
prepared with standard excipients well known in the art.
[0668] Further, a compound of this invention can be administered in
a sustained release composition such as those described in the
following patents and patent applications. U.S. Pat. No. 5,672,659
teaches sustained release compositions comprising a bioactive agent
and a polyester. U.S. Pat. No. 5,595,760 teaches sustained release
compositions comprising a bioactive agent in a gelable form. U.S.
Pat. No. 5,821,221 teaches polymeric sustained release compositions
comprising a bioactive agent and chitosan. U.S. Pat. No. 5,916,883
teaches sustained release compositions comprising a bioactive agent
and cyclodextrin. The teachings of the foregoing patents and
applications are incorporated herein by reference.
Sequence CWU 1
1
6118PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = beta-Ala or
1-amino-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (A6c)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION
1Xaa Asp His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Lys 1 5 28PRTArtificial
SequenceMelanocortin receptor ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle
modified with acyl (Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa
= D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = 6-aminohexanoic acid (Ahx) or
5-aminopentanoic acid (Apn)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 2Xaa Cys His
Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Cys 1 5 39PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin
receptor ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa =
D-PheDOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = Ala, beta-Ala or 4-aminobutyric acid
(Gaba)MISC_FEATURE(8)..(8)Xaa = D-CysMOD_RES(9)..(9)AMIDATION 3Xaa
Cys His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Xaa Thr 1 5 48PRTArtificial
SequenceMelanocortin receptor ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle
modified with acyl (Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa
= D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = 5-aminopentanoic acid
(Apn)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 4Xaa Asp His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Lys 1 5
58PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = 1-amino-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic
acid (A6c) modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = 4-aminobutyric acid
(Gaba)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 5Xaa Asp His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Lys 1 5
68PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = D-beta-(2-naphthyl)Ala (D-2-Nal),
beta-cyclohexylAla (Cha) or Nle, all modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = 4-aminobutyric acid
(Gaba)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 6Xaa Asp His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Lys 1 5
78PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa = D-Ala, beta-Ala,
4-aminobutyric acid (Gaba), alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) or
GlyMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = D-PheMOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 7Xaa Cys
Xaa His Xaa Arg Trp Cys 1 5 88PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin
receptor ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(2)..(2)Xaa =
D-CysMISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa = Ala, D-Ala, beta-Ala, 4-aminobutyric
acid (Gaba), alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) or
GlyMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = D-PheMOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 8Xaa Xaa
Xaa His Xaa Arg Trp Cys 1 5 98PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin
receptor ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa = D-Ala, beta-Ala,
4-aminobutyric acid (Gaba), alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) or
GlyMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = D-PheMISC_FEATURE(8)..(8)Xaa =
D-CysMOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 9Xaa Cys Xaa His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa 1 5
108PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(2)..(2)Xaa =
D-CysMISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa = Ala, D-Ala, beta-Ala, 4-aminobutyric
acid (Gaba) or alpha-aminoisobutyric acid
(Aib)MISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = D-PheMISC_FEATURE(8)..(8)Xaa =
D-CysMOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 10Xaa Xaa Xaa His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa 1 5
118PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid
(Oic), cyclohexylGly (Chg), homo-cyclohexylAla (hCha),
D-betacyclohexylAla (D-Cha), nipecotic acid (Nip), homo-Pro (hPro),
homo-Leu (hLeu), Phe, D-Phe, D-cyclohexylGly (D-Chg),homo-Phe
(hPhe), beta-homoMet (beta-hMet) or 4-aminobutyric acid (Gaba), all
modified with acyl (Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa
= D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = 4-aminobutyric acid
(Gaba)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 11Xaa Asp His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Lys 1
5 128PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = beta-cyclohexylAla (Cha) modified
with n-butanoylDOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = 4-aminobutyric acid
(Gaba)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 12Xaa Asp His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Lys 1
5 138PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = beta-cyclohexylAla (Cha),
homo-cyclohexylAla (hCha), Leu, homo-Leu (hLeu) or Phe, all
modified with acyl (Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa
= D-PheMISC_FEATURE(6)..(6)Xaa = D-TrpMOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION
13Xaa Asp His Xaa Arg Xaa Ala Lys 1 5 148PRTArtificial
SequenceMelanocortin receptor ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle
modified with acyl (Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa
= D-PheMISC_FEATURE(6)..(6)Xaa = D-TrpMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa =
D-Ala, beta-Ala, 4-aminobutyric acid (Gaba), 7-aminoheptanoic acid
(Aha) or 5-aminopentanoic acid (Apn)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 14Xaa
Asp His Xaa Arg Xaa Xaa Lys 1 5 158PRTArtificial
SequenceMelanocortin receptor ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle
modified with acyl (Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa
= D-PheMISC_FEATURE(6)..(6)Xaa = D-TrpMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa =
5-aminopentanoic acid (Apn), 4-aminobutyric acid (Gaba),
6-aminohexanoic acid (Ahx), beta-Ala, D-AlaMOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION
15Xaa Cys His Xaa Arg Xaa Xaa Cys 1 5 168PRTArtificial
SequenceMelanocortin receptor ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle
modified with acyl (Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa
= D-AlaMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = D-beta-(2-naphthyl)Ala
(D-2-Nal)MISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = Trp, beta-(2-naphthyl)Ala
(2-Nal) or beta-(1-naphthyl)Ala (1-Nal)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION
16Xaa Cys Xaa His Xaa Arg Xaa Cys 1 5 178PRTArtificial
SequenceMelanocortin receptor ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle
modified with n-butanoylDOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa
= D-AlaMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa =
beta-(2-naphthyl)Ala (2-Nal) or TrpMOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 17Xaa
Cys Xaa His Xaa Arg Xaa Cys 1 5 188PRTArtificial
SequenceMelanocortin receptor ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle
modified with acyl (Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa
= D-AlaMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa =
beta-(2-naphthyl)Ala (2-Nal), beta-(1-naphthyl)Ala (1-Nal) or
3-benzothienylAla (Bal)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 18Xaa Cys Xaa His
Xaa Arg Xaa Cys 1 5 198PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = D-AlaMOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 19Xaa
Asp His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Lys 1 5 208PRTArtificial
SequenceMelanocortin receptor ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle
modified with acyl (Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa
= D-AlaMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = D-beta-2-naphthylAla
(D-2-Nal)MISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = 3-benzothienylAla
(Bal)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 20Xaa Cys Xaa His Xaa Arg Xaa Cys 1 5
218PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(2)..(2)Xaa = penicillamine
(Pen)MISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa = D-AlaMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa =
D-PheMOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 21Xaa Xaa Xaa His Xaa Arg Trp Cys 1 5
228PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(2)..(2)Xaa = Cys or
penicillamine (Pen)MISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa =
D-AlaMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = D-PheMISC_FEATURE(8)..(8)Xaa =
penicillamine (Pen)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 22Xaa Xaa Xaa His Xaa
Arg Trp Xaa 1 5 239PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa =
D-PheDOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = homo-Arg
(hArg)MISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = beta-AlaMISC_FEATURE(8)..(8)Xaa =
D-CysMOD_RES(9)..(9)AMIDATION 23Xaa Cys His Xaa Xaa Trp Xaa Xaa Thr
1 5 249PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa =
D-PheDOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-(Et)TyrMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = Arg or homo-Arg
(hArg)MISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = beta-AlaMISC_FEATURE(8)..(8)Xaa =
D-CysMOD_RES(9)..(9)AMIDATION 24Xaa Cys His Xaa Xaa Trp Xaa Xaa Thr
1 5 259PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa =
D-PheDOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(6)..(6)Xaa = 4,4'-biphenylAla
(Bip)MISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = beta-AlaMISC_FEATURE(8)..(8)Xaa =
D-CysMOD_RES(9)..(9)AMIDATION 25Xaa Cys His Xaa Arg Xaa Xaa Xaa Thr
1 5 269PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa =
D-PheDOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa = D-Phe or
D-(Et)TyrMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = homo-Arg
(hArg)MISC_FEATURE(6)..(6)Xaa = 4,4'-biphenylAla
(Bip)MISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = beta-AlaMISC_FEATURE(8)..(8)Xaa =
D-CysMOD_RES(9)..(9)AMIDATION 26Xaa Cys His Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Thr
1 5 278PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa =
NleDOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = 5-aminopentanoic acid
(Apn)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 27Xaa Cys His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Cys 1 5
288PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa =
D-AlaMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = Trp
or 3-benzothienylAla (Bal)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 28Xaa Asp Xaa
His Xaa Arg Xaa Lys 1 5 298PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin
receptor ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa =
D-AlaMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = D-PheMISC_FEATURE(8)..(8)Xaa =
penicillamine (Pen) or CysMOD_RES(8)..(8)C-terminus is the free
acid 29Xaa Cys Xaa His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa 1 5 308PRTArtificial
SequenceMelanocortin receptor ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle
modified with acyl (Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa
= D-alpha-aminobutyric acid (D-Abu), D-Val, D-Ile, D-Leu,
D-tert-Leu (D-Tle) or D-beta-cyclohexylAla
(D-Cha)MISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = D-PheMOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION
30Xaa Cys Xaa His Xaa Arg Trp Cys 1 5 318PRTArtificial
SequenceMelanocortin receptor ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle
modified with acyl (Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(2)..(2)Xaa
= penicillamine (Pen)MISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = 4-aminobutyric acid
(Gaba)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 31Xaa Xaa His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Cys 1
5 328PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(2)..(2)Xaa = Cys or
penicillamine (Pen)MISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = 4-aminobutyric acid
(Gaba)MISC_FEATURE(8)..(8)Xaa = penicillamine
(Pen)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 32Xaa Xaa His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Xaa 1 5
338PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Leu, beta-cyclohexylAla (Cha), Ile,
Phe, Val or beta-(2-naphthyl)Ala (2-Nal), all modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = 4-aminobutyric acid
(Gaba)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 33Xaa Cys His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Cys 1
5 348PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle or
PheDOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = 4-aminobutyric acid
(Gaba)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 34Xaa Cys His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Cys 1
5 358PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa =
beta-(3-pyridiyl)Ala (3-Pal)MISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = 4-aminobutyric acid
(Gaba)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 35Xaa Cys Xaa Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Cys 1
5 368PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa =
D-AlaMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = D-PheMOD_RES(8)..(8)C-terminus is
the free acid 36Xaa Cys Xaa His Xaa Arg Trp Cys 1 5
378PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(6)..(6)Xaa =
D-TrpMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = 4-aminobutyric acid
(Gaba)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 37Xaa Cys His Phe Arg Xaa Xaa Cys 1
5 388PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-beta-(2-naphthyl)Ala (D-2-Nal)MISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = Ala or
beta-AlaMOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 38Xaa Asp His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Lys
1 5 398PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-beta-(2-naphthyl)Ala (D-2-Nal)MISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa =
4-aminobutyric acid (Gaba) or 6-aminohexanoic acid
(Ahx)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 39Xaa Cys His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Cys 1 5
408PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = homo-Phe (hPhe) or
beta-cyclohexylAla (Cha), both modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-beta-(2-naphthyl)Ala (D-2-Nal)MISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa =
4-aminobutyric acid (Gaba)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 40Xaa Asp His
Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Lys 1 5 418PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin
receptor ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = beta-Ala or 5-aminopentanoic acid
(Apn)MOD_RES(8)..(8)C-terminus is the free acid 41Xaa Asp His Xaa
Arg Trp Xaa Lys 1 5 428PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = 6-aminohexanoic acid (Ahx) or
5-aminopentanoic acid (Apn)MOD_RES(8)..(8)C-terminus is the free
acid 42Xaa Cys His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Cys 1 5 439PRTArtificial
SequenceMelanocortin receptor ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa =
D-PheDOMAIN(2)..(9)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = Ala, beta-Ala or 4-aminobutyric acid
(Gaba)MISC_FEATURE(8)..(8)Xaa = D-CysMOD_RES(9)..(9)C-terminus is
the free acid 43Xaa Cys His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Xaa Thr 1 5
448PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = beta-cyclohexylAla (Cha), Nle,
cyclohexylGly (Chg), D-beta-cyclohexylAla (D-Cha),
homo-cyclohexylAla (hCha), D-cyclohexylGly (D-Chg) or homo-Phe
(hPhe), all modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = 4-aminobutyric acid
(Gaba)MOD_RES(8)..(8)C-terminus is the free acid 44Xaa Asp His Xaa
Arg Trp Xaa Lys 1 5 458PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(6)..(6)Xaa = D-TrpMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa =
4-aminobutyric acid (Gaba), 6-aminohexanoic acid (Ahx), beta-Ala or
D-AlaMOD_RES(8)..(8)C-terminus is the free acid 45Xaa Cys His Xaa
Arg Xaa Xaa Cys 1 5 468PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa =
D-AlaMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = D-beta-(2-naphthyl)Ala
(D-2-Nal)MISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = Trp, beta-(2-naphthyl)Ala
(2-Nal), beta-(1-naphthyl)Ala (1-Nal) or 3-benzothienylalanine
(Bal)MOD_RES(8)..(8)C-terminus is the free acid 46Xaa Cys Xaa His
Xaa Arg Xaa Cys 1 5 478PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(2)..(2)Xaa = penicillamine
(Pen)MISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa = D-AlaMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa =
D-PheMOD_RES(8)..(8)C-terminus is the free acid 47Xaa Xaa Xaa His
Xaa Arg Trp Cys 1 5 488PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = 4-aminobutyric acid
(Gaba)MISC_FEATURE(8)..(8)Xaa = penicillamine
(Pen)MOD_RES(8)..(8)C-terminus is the free acid 48Xaa Cys His Xaa
Arg Trp Xaa Xaa 1 5 498PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMOD_RES(1)..(1)modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa =
D-AlaMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = D-beta-(2-naphthyl)Ala
(D-2-Nal)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 49Arg Cys Xaa His Xaa Arg Trp Cys
1 5 508PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Arg or D-Arg, both modified with
acyl (Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa =
D-AlaMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = D-PheMOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 50Xaa
Cys Xaa His Xaa Arg Trp Cys 1 5 518PRTArtificial
SequenceMelanocortin receptor ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = D-Arg
or Arg, both modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa =
D-AlaMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = D-PheMISC_FEATURE(8)..(8)Xaa =
penicillamine (Pen)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 51Xaa Cys Xaa His Xaa
Arg Trp Xaa 1 5 528PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = D-Arg or Arg, both modified with
acyl (Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = 4-aminobutyric acid
(Gaba)MISC_FEATURE(8)..(8)Xaa = penicillamine
(Pen)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 52Xaa Cys His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Xaa 1 5
538PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = D-Arg or Arg, both modified with
acyl (Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 53Xaa Asp His Xaa Arg Trp Ala Lys 1 5
549PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(9)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa =
D-AlaMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = D-PheMISC_FEATURE(8)..(8)Xaa = Gly,
D-Ala, beta-Ala, 4-aminobutyric acid (Gaba) or 5-aminopentanoic
acid (Apn)MOD_RES(9)..(9)AMIDATION 54Xaa Cys Xaa His Xaa Arg Trp
Xaa Cys 1 5 558PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMOD_RES(1)..(1)modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(6)..(6)Xaa = Trp or beta-(2-naphthyl)alanine
(2-Nal)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 55Cys Glu His Xaa Arg Xaa Ala Cys 1
5 568PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMOD_RES(1)..(1)modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(2)..(2)Xaa =
D-AlaMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa = D-PheMISC_FEATURE(6)..(6)Xaa = Trp
or beta-(2-naphthyl)Ala (2-Nal)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 56Cys Xaa
His Xaa Arg Xaa Ala Cys 1 5 579PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin
receptor ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(9)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa =
D-AlaMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = D-PheMISC_FEATURE(8)..(8)Xaa = Ala,
beta-Ala or 4-aminobutyric acid (Gaba)MOD_RES(9)..(9)AMIDATION
57Xaa Cys Xaa His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Cys 1 5 589PRTArtificial
SequenceMelanocortin receptor ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle
modified with acyl (Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(9)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa
= D-AlaMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa =
3-benzothienylAla (Bal)MOD_RES(9)..(9)AMIDATION 58Xaa Asp Xaa His
Xaa Arg Xaa Ala Lys 1 5 598PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin
receptor ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = D-homo-cyclohexylAla
(D-hCha) modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = 4-aminobutyric acid
(Gaba)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 59Xaa Asp His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Lys 1
5 608PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = beta-cyclohexylAla (Cha) modified
with n-butyrylDOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(4)..(4)Xaa =
D-PheMISC_FEATURE(7)..(7)Xaa = 4-aminobutyric acid
(Gaba)MOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 60Xaa Asp His Xaa Arg Trp Xaa Lys 1
5 618PRTArtificial SequenceMelanocortin receptor
ligandMISC_FEATURE(1)..(1)Xaa = Nle modified with acyl
(Ac)DOMAIN(2)..(8)CyclicMISC_FEATURE(3)..(3)Xaa =
D-GluMISC_FEATURE(5)..(5)Xaa = D-PheMOD_RES(8)..(8)AMIDATION 61Xaa
Cys Xaa His Xaa Arg Trp Cys 1 5
* * * * *