U.S. patent application number 15/563402 was filed with the patent office on 2018-03-29 for interlayer for laminated glass and laminated glass.
The applicant listed for this patent is SEKISUI CHEMICAL CO., LTD.. Invention is credited to Isao Higuchi, Yasuyuki Izu, Kouhei Yamaguchi.
Application Number | 20180086031 15/563402 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 57004382 |
Filed Date | 2018-03-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180086031 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Yamaguchi; Kouhei ; et
al. |
March 29, 2018 |
INTERLAYER FOR LAMINATED GLASS AND LAMINATED GLASS
Abstract
There is provided an interlayer film for laminated glass with
which positional displacement between two lamination glass members
can be prevented. The interlayer film for laminated glass according
to the present invention is arranged between a first lamination
glass member and a second lamination glass member to obtain
laminated glass, the interlayer film contains a thermoplastic resin
and a plasticizer, when, in the MD direction of the interlayer
film, a birefringence index of the first surface part, a
birefringence index of the second surface part, and a birefringence
index of the center part are defined as .DELTA.nMDA, .DELTA.nMDB,
and .DELTA.nMDC, respectively, .DELTA.nMDA, .DELTA.nMDB, and
.DELTA.nMDC each are 0.50.times.10.sup.-3 or less, and the glass
transition temperature of the interlayer film is 33.degree. C. or
less or the content of the plasticizer in the interlayer film is 35
parts by weight or more relative to 100 parts by weight of the
thermoplastic resin in the interlayer film.
Inventors: |
Yamaguchi; Kouhei;
(Kouka-city, Shiga, JP) ; Izu; Yasuyuki;
(Kouka-city, Shiga, JP) ; Higuchi; Isao;
(Mishima-gun, Osaka, JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SEKISUI CHEMICAL CO., LTD. |
Osaka-city, Osaka |
|
JP |
|
|
Family ID: |
57004382 |
Appl. No.: |
15/563402 |
Filed: |
March 31, 2016 |
PCT Filed: |
March 31, 2016 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP2016/060606 |
371 Date: |
September 29, 2017 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B29C 48/0018 20190201;
B32B 2250/03 20130101; B29L 2031/3052 20130101; B32B 17/10036
20130101; B60J 1/001 20130101; C08J 5/18 20130101; B32B 17/10605
20130101; B32B 17/10761 20130101; B32B 17/10678 20130101; C03C
27/10 20130101; B32B 7/02 20130101; C08J 2300/22 20130101; C08J
5/12 20130101; C08K 5/0016 20130101; B29C 71/02 20130101; B29K
2029/14 20130101; C08J 2329/14 20130101; B29C 48/919 20190201; B29C
55/12 20130101; B32B 2307/42 20130101; B32B 2250/40 20130101; B32B
27/22 20130101; B32B 2250/05 20130101; B32B 17/10633 20130101; B32B
2605/006 20130101 |
International
Class: |
B32B 17/10 20060101
B32B017/10; B29C 47/00 20060101 B29C047/00; B29C 47/88 20060101
B29C047/88; B29C 71/02 20060101 B29C071/02; B29C 55/12 20060101
B29C055/12; C08J 5/18 20060101 C08J005/18 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Mar 31, 2015 |
JP |
2015-074428 |
Mar 31, 2015 |
JP |
2015-074429 |
Mar 31, 2015 |
JP |
2015-074430 |
Mar 31, 2015 |
JP |
2015-074431 |
Claims
1. An interlayer film for laminated glass arranged between a first
lamination glass member and a second lamination glass member to
obtain laminated glass, the interlayer film containing a
thermoplastic resin and a plasticizer, the interlayer film having
an MD direction and a TD direction, the interlayer film having a
first surface part at one side in a thickness direction, a second
surface part at the other side in the thickness direction, and a
center part between the first surface part and the second surface
part, when, in the MD direction of the interlayer film, a
birefringence index of the first surface part, a birefringence
index of the second surface part, and a birefringence index of the
center part are defined as .DELTA.nMDA, .DELTA.nMDB, and
.DELTA.nMDC, respectively, .DELTA.nMDA, .DELTA.nMDB, and
.DELTA.nMDC each being 0.50.times.10.sup.-3 or less, and the glass
transition temperature of the interlayer film being 33.degree. C.
or less or the content of the plasticizer in the interlayer film
being 35 parts by weight or more relative to 100 parts by weight of
the thermoplastic resin in the interlayer film.
2. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1,
wherein the glass transition temperature of the interlayer film is
33.degree. C. or less.
3. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1,
wherein the content of the plasticizer in the interlayer film is 35
parts by weight or more relative to 100 parts by weight of the
thermoplastic resin in the interlayer film.
4. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1,
wherein the glass transition temperature of the interlayer film is
33.degree. C. or less and the content of the plasticizer in the
interlayer film is 35 parts by weight or more relative to 100 parts
by weight of the thermoplastic resin in the interlayer film.
5. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1,
being used to obtain laminated glass with the use of an
autoclave.
6. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1,
being arranged between a first glass plate and a second glass plate
to obtain laminated glass.
7. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1,
being a melt-extrusion molded product.
8. Laminated glass, comprising: a first lamination glass member; a
second lamination glass member; and the interlayer film for
laminated glass according to claim 1, the interlayer film for
laminated glass being arranged between the first lamination glass
member and the second lamination glass member.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to an interlayer film for
laminated glass which is used for obtaining laminated glass.
Moreover, the present invention relates to laminated glass prepared
with the interlayer film for laminated glass.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Since laminated glass generates only a small amount of
scattering glass fragments even when subjected to external impact
and broken, laminated glass is excellent in safety. As such, the
laminated glass is widely used for automobiles, railway vehicles,
aircraft, ships, buildings, and the like. The laminated glass has a
structure in which an interlayer film for laminated glass is
sandwiched between two glass plates.
[0003] As an example of the interlayer film for laminated glass,
the following Patent Document 1 discloses a polyvinyl acetal film
formed of a polyvinyl acetal with a content of the vinyl alcohol
unit of 8 to 30% by mass. The polyvinyl acetal film has a
three-layer structure in which a center part C exists between two
outer parts of a first surface part A and a second surface part B.
The polyvinyl acetal film satisfies the following expressions (I)
to (III).
.DELTA.n.sub.MDA.gtoreq..DELTA.n.sub.MDB (I)
.DELTA.n.sub.MDB-.DELTA.n.sub.MDC.gtoreq.0.1.times.10.sup.-3
(II)
.DELTA.n.sub.MDC.ltoreq.0.2.times.10.sup.-3 (III)
[0004] In the expressions, .DELTA.n.sub.MDA represents a
birefringence index in the machine flow direction of the first
surface part A, .DELTA.n.sub.MDB represents a birefringence index
in the machine flow direction of the second surface part B, and
.DELTA.n.sub.MDC represents a birefringence index in the machine
flow direction of the center part C.
RELATED ART DOCUMENT
Patent Document
[0005] Patent Document 1: WO 2013/051454 A1
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
[0006] The laminated glass has been produced by sandwiching an
interlayer film between two lamination glass members such as glass
plates.
[0007] However, in a conventional interlayer film, at the time of
producing laminated glass, one lamination glass member is sometimes
positionally displaced from the other lamination glass member.
[0008] Specifically, there are many cases in which an interlayer
film for laminated glass is preliminarily press-bonded between two
glass plates having the same shape to obtain a laminate, and then,
the laminate is heated and pressurized with the use of an autoclave
to produce laminated glass. There is a problem that, when being
heated and pressurized with the use of an autoclave, one glass
plate is liable to be further positionally displaced from the other
glass plate.
[0009] An object of the present invention is to provide an
interlayer film for laminated glass with which positional
displacement between two lamination glass members can be prevented.
Moreover, the present invention is also aimed at providing
laminated glass prepared with the interlayer film for laminated
glass.
Means for Solving the Problems
[0010] According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there
is provided an interlayer film for laminated glass arranged between
a first lamination glass member and a second lamination glass
member to obtain laminated glass, the interlayer film containing a
thermoplastic resin and a plasticizer, the interlayer film having
an MD direction and a TD direction, the interlayer film having a
first surface part at one side in a thickness direction, a second
surface part at the other side in the thickness direction, and a
center part between the first surface part and the second surface
part, when, in the MD direction of the interlayer film, a
birefringence index of the first surface part, a birefringence
index of the second surface part, and a birefringence index of the
center part are defined as .DELTA.nMDA, .DELTA.nMDB, and
.DELTA.nMDC, respectively, .DELTA.nMDA, .DELTA.nMDB, and
.DELTA.nMDC each being 0.50.times.10.sup.-3 or less, and the glass
transition temperature of the interlayer film being 33.degree. C.
or less or the content of the plasticizer in the interlayer film
being 35 parts by weight or more relative to 100 parts by weight of
the thermoplastic resin in the interlayer film.
[0011] It is preferred that the glass transition temperature of the
interlayer film be 33.degree. C. or less. It is preferred that the
content of the plasticizer in the interlayer film be 35 parts by
weight or more relative to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic
resin in the interlayer film. It is more preferred that the glass
transition temperature of the interlayer film be 33.degree. C. or
less and the content of the plasticizer in the interlayer film be
35 parts by weight or more relative to 100 parts by weight of the
thermoplastic resin in the interlayer film.
[0012] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film for laminated
glass according to the present invention, the interlayer film is
used to obtain laminated glass with the use of an autoclave.
[0013] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film for laminated
glass according to the present invention, the interlayer film is
arranged between a first glass plate and a second glass plate to
obtain laminated glass.
[0014] In a specific aspect of the interlayer film for laminated
glass according to the present invention, the interlayer film is a
melt-extrusion molded product.
[0015] According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there
is provided laminated glass including a first lamination glass
member, a second lamination glass member, and the above-described
interlayer film for laminated glass, the interlayer film for
laminated glass being arranged between the first lamination glass
member and the second lamination glass member.
Effect of the Invention
[0016] With regard to the interlayer film for laminated glass
according to the present invention, since the interlayer film
contains a thermoplastic resin and a plasticizer, the interlayer
film has an MD direction and a TD direction, the interlayer film
has a first surface part at one side in a thickness direction, a
second surface part at the other side in the thickness direction,
and a center part between the first surface part and the second
surface part, .DELTA.nMDA, .DELTA.nMDB, and .DELTA.nMDC each are
0.50.times.10.sup.-3 or less, and the glass transition temperature
of the interlayer film is 33.degree. C. or less or the content of
the plasticizer in the interlayer film is 35 parts by weight or
more relative to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin in
the interlayer film, in laminated glass prepared with the
interlayer film, positional displacement between two lamination
glass members can be prevented.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0017] FIG. 1 is a sectional view schematically showing an
interlayer film for laminated glass in accordance with a first
embodiment of the present invention.
[0018] FIG. 2 is a sectional view schematically showing an
interlayer film for laminated glass in accordance with a second
embodiment of the present invention.
[0019] FIG. 3 is a sectional view schematically showing an example
of laminated glass prepared with the interlayer film for laminated
glass shown in FIG. 1.
[0020] FIG. 4 is a sectional view schematically showing an example
of laminated glass prepared with the interlayer film for laminated
glass shown in FIG. 2.
[0021] FIGS. 5(a) to 5(c) are figures for illustrating a
measurement sample to be measured for a birefringence index in the
MD direction.
MODE(S) FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0022] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in
detail.
[0023] The interlayer film for laminated glass (in the present
specification, sometimes abbreviated as "the interlayer film")
according to the present invention is arranged between a first
lamination glass member and a second lamination glass member to
obtain laminated glass. The interlayer film according to the
present invention contains a thermoplastic resin and a plasticizer.
The interlayer film according to the present invention has an MD
direction and a TD direction. The interlayer film according to the
present invention has a first surface part at one side in a
thickness direction, a second surface part at the other side in the
thickness direction, and a center part between the first surface
part and the second surface part.
[0024] In the MD direction of the interlayer film, a birefringence
index of the first surface part is defined as .DELTA.nMDA, a
birefringence index of the second surface part is defined as
.DELTA.nMDB, and a birefringence index of the center part is
defined as .DELTA.nMDC. In the interlayer film according to the
present invention, .DELTA.nMDA, .DELTA.nMDB, and .DELTA.nMDC each
are 0.50.times.10.sup.-3 or less.
[0025] .DELTA.nMDA: the birefringence index of the first surface
part in the MD direction of the interlayer film
[0026] .DELTA.nMDB: the birefringence index of the second surface
part in the MD direction of the interlayer film
[0027] .DELTA.nMDC: the birefringence index of the center part in
the MD direction of the interlayer film
[0028] In the present invention, the glass transition temperature
of the interlayer film is 33.degree. C. or less or the content of
the plasticizer in the interlayer film is 35 parts by weight or
more relative to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin in
the interlayer film.
[0029] Since the interlayer film according to the present invention
is provided with the above-mentioned configuration, in laminated
glass prepared with the interlayer film, positional displacement
between two lamination glass members can be prevented. The
laminated glass is produced by sandwiching an interlayer film
between two lamination glass members such as glass plates. In
particular, by using the interlayer film according to the present
invention, at the time of producing laminated glass, a second
lamination glass member can be made less liable to be positionally
displaced from a first lamination glass member. Specifically, there
are many cases in which an interlayer film for laminated glass is
preliminarily press-bonded between two lamination glass members
having the same shape to obtain a laminate, and then, the laminate
is heated and pressurized with the use of an autoclave to produce
laminated glass. By using the interlayer film according to the
present invention, even when being heated and pressurized with the
use of an autoclave, a second lamination glass member can be made
less liable to be positionally displaced from a first lamination
glass member.
[0030] Examples of a method of controlling the birefringence index
include a method of controlling tensile force applied to an
interlayer film for laminated glass at the time of producing the
interlayer film for laminated glass, a method of controlling strain
which has been applied to an interlayer film for laminated glass at
the time of producing the interlayer film for laminated glass, and
the like. Although the method of controlling tensile force applied
to an interlayer film for laminated glass is not particularly
limited, examples thereof include a method of providing a process
in which an interlayer film for laminated glass is applied with
substantially no tensile force at the time of extrusion-molding the
interlayer film for laminated glass, a method of providing a
process in which an interlayer film for laminated glass is applied
with substantially no tensile force and cooled, and the like.
Although the method of controlling strain which has been applied to
an interlayer film for laminated glass at the time of producing the
interlayer film for laminated glass is not particularly limited,
examples thereof include a method of immersing an interlayer film
for laminated glass in a water tank containing water at 20 to
60.degree. C. at the time of producing the interlayer film for
laminated glass, a method of decreasing the temperature of an
interlayer film for laminated glass to 40.degree. C. or less by
making the interlayer film pass through a cooling roll, a method of
subjecting an interlayer film for laminated glass to a heating
treatment at 100 to 150.degree. C., a method of subjecting an
interlayer film for laminated glass to a heating treatment at 30 to
60.degree. C., and the like. In the method of immersing an
interlayer film for laminated glass in a water tank containing
water at 20 to 60.degree. C. at the time of producing the
interlayer film for laminated glass, the time taken for immersing
an interlayer film for laminated glass in a water tank containing
water at 20 to 60.degree. C. is preferably 3 minutes or less, more
preferably 2 minutes or less, further preferably 1 minute or less,
and especially preferably 0.5 minutes or less. In the method of
subjecting an interlayer film for laminated glass to a heating
treatment at 100 to 150.degree. C., the time taken for the heating
treatment is preferably 2 minutes or less, more preferably 1 minute
or less, and further preferably 0.5 minutes or less. In the method
of subjecting an interlayer film for laminated glass to a heating
treatment at 30 to 60.degree. C., the time taken for the heating
treatment is preferably 90 minutes or less, more preferably 60
minutes or less, preferably 20 minutes or more, and more preferably
30 minutes or more.
[0031] From the viewpoint of effectively preventing the positional
displacement between two lamination glass members, the glass
transition temperature of the interlayer film is preferably
33.degree. C. or less and more preferably 32.5.degree. C. or less.
The glass transition temperature of each of the first surface part,
the second surface part, and the center part is preferably
33.degree. C. or less and more preferably 32.5.degree. C. or less.
The upper limit of the glass transition temperature is not
particularly limited. From the viewpoint of improving the handling
properties, the glass transition temperature of each of the first
surface part, the second surface part, and the center part is
preferably 32.degree. C. or less.
[0032] From the viewpoint of effectively preventing the positional
displacement between two lamination glass members, the content of
the plasticizer in the interlayer film is preferably 35 parts by
weight or more and more preferably 37 parts by weight or more
relative to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin in the
interlayer film. The content of the plasticizer is an average
content in the whole interlayer film. The upper limit of the
content of the plasticizer is not particularly limited. From the
viewpoint of suppressing the bleed-out of a plasticizer, the
content of the plasticizer in the interlayer film is preferably 80
parts by weight or less and more preferably 45 parts by weight or
less relative to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin in
the interlayer film.
[0033] From the viewpoint of effectively preventing the positional
displacement between two lamination glass members, it is preferred
that the glass transition temperature of the interlayer film be
33.degree. C. or less and the content of the plasticizer in the
interlayer film be 35 parts by weight or more relative to 100 parts
by weight of the thermoplastic resin in the interlayer film.
[0034] Examples of a method of measuring the glass transition
temperature include a method of measuring an interlayer film for
the viscoelasticity with the use of a viscoelasticity measuring
apparatus "DVA-200" available from IT KEISOKU SEIGYO K.K.
immediately after being stored for 12 hours under an environment of
a room temperature of 23.+-.2.degree. C. and a humidity of
25.+-.5%. It is preferred that the interlayer film be cut into a
size of 8 mm in longitudinal width by 5 mm in lateral width and be
measured, using the shear mode, for the glass transition
temperature under the condition in which the temperature is
increased from -30.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. at a temperature
increasing rate of 5.degree. C./minute and under the condition of a
frequency of 1 Hz and a strain of 0.08%.
[0035] The first surface part is a layer portion with a thickness
of 50 .mu.m from a surface at one side (the first surface side)
toward the inside in the thickness direction and a position at the
depth of 20 .mu.m is measured for the birefringence index. The
second surface part is a layer portion with a thickness of 50 .mu.m
from a surface at the other side (the second surface side opposite
to the first surface) toward the inside in the thickness direction
and a position at the depth of 20 .mu.m is measured for the
birefringence index. The center part is a portion between the first
surface part and the second surface part and a portion excluding
both the first surface part and the second surface part.
[0036] The interlayer film has an MD direction and a TD direction.
For example, the interlayer film is obtained by melt-extrusion
molding and is a melt-extrusion molded product. The MD direction is
a flow direction of an interlayer film at the time of producing the
interlayer film. The TD direction is a direction orthogonal to the
flow direction of an interlayer film at the time of producing the
interlayer film and a direction orthogonal to the thickness
direction of the interlayer film.
[0037] (Measurement Method of Birefringence Index in MD
Direction)
[0038] The birefringence indexes .DELTA.nMDA, .DELTA.nMDB, and
.DELTA.nMDC can be measured in the following manner.
[0039] (i) From an area near the center in the TD direction
(preferably an area near the center in the MD direction and in the
TD direction) of an interlayer film, a small rectangular piece of
MD.times.TD=2 mm.times.10 mm is cut out (for example, FIG. 5(a)).
The small piece is installed in a cryo-microtome apparatus.
[0040] (ii) Next, the small piece collected as above is sliced in
parallel at 20-.mu.m intervals along the length direction (TD
direction) of the small piece at -20.degree. C. (for example, FIG.
5(b)) to prepare 20 sliced pieces (MD.times.TD=2 mm.times.20 .mu.m)
for observation (for example, FIG. 5(c)). From among these sliced
pieces, 3 sliced pieces each of which has a smooth sliced face and
is free from thickness unevenness by slicing are selected. The
sliced pieces are measured for the thickness with the use of a
laser microscope.
[0041] (iii) Next, a sliced piece is arranged so that a place
measured for the thickness is aligned at a diagonal position to the
extinction position+45.degree.. To the lens barrel of a
polarization microscope, a Berek compensator is attached through an
adapter for plate inspection. Under white light illumination, the
interference light from a sliced face is observed to confirm the
retardation value of 1 wavelength or less.
[0042] (iv) In the filter holder of the microscope, an interference
filter IF546 (monochromatic light with a wavelength of 546 nm) is
placed. The Berek compensator is taken off. The sliced piece is
arranged again so that a place to be observed is aligned at a
diagonal position to the extinction position+45.degree.. To the
lens barrel of the polarization microscope, a Brace-Kohler
compensator is attached through an adapter for plate inspection. An
angle knob of the Brace-Kohler compensator is rotated to read a
rotation angle .theta. at a position where the place to be observed
is illuminated most darkly. This operation is repeated four times
for the respective areas of a first surface part A, a second
surface part B, and a center part C of the sliced piece. An average
value of four measured values is calculated.
[0043] (v) The angle .theta. obtained as above is substituted into
the equation of [R=R0.times.sin (2.times.|.theta.-.theta.0|)] to
determine a retardation value R, the retardation value is divided
by a measured value of the thickness to determine a birefringence
index, such measurement is performed three times (n=3) in the same
manner as above, and an average value of three measured values
thereof is defined as the birefringence index .DELTA.n. In this
connection, R0 represents a constant peculiar to a compensator and
.theta.0 represents an angle at which the observation field is
illuminated most darkly when no sample is placed. On this occasion,
a 20-.mu.m depth position of the first surface part A is measured
for the birefringence index .DELTA.nMDA in the MD direction (length
direction), a 20-.mu.m depth position of the second surface part B
is measured for the birefringence index .DELTA.nMDB in the MD
direction (length direction), and a center position in the
thickness direction (a center position of the sliced face) of the
center part C is measured for the birefringence index .DELTA.nMDC
in the MD direction (length direction).
[0044] The interlayer film may only have a one-layer structure and
may have a two or more-layer structure. The interlayer film may
have a two-layer structure and may have a three or more-layer
structure. For example, when the interlayer film is a
single-layered interlayer film composed only of a first layer, the
first layer has a first surface part, a center part, and a second
surface part. For example, when the interlayer film is a
multi-layered interlayer film in which a first layer, a second
layer, and a third layer are arranged side by side in this order,
the first layer may have a first surface part, the second layer may
have a center part, and the third layer may have a second surface
part.
[0045] In this connection, the first surface part is a layer
portion with the above-mentioned thickness from a surface at one
side (the first surface side) toward the inside in the thickness
direction. The second surface part is a layer portion with the
above-mentioned thickness from a surface at the other side (the
second surface side opposite to the first surface) toward the
inside in the thickness direction. Accordingly, when the interlayer
film is a multi-layered interlayer film in which a first layer, a
second layer, and a third layer are arranged side by side in this
order, the whole first layer does not always correspond to the
first surface part, the second layer itself does not always
correspond to the center part, and the third layer itself does not
always correspond to the second surface part.
[0046] Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention
will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0047] FIG. 1 shows an interlayer film for laminated glass in
accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention
schematically represented as a sectional view.
[0048] An interlayer film 11 shown in FIG. 1 is a multi-layered
interlayer film having a two or more-layer structure. The
interlayer film 11 is used for obtaining laminated glass. The
interlayer film 11 is an interlayer film for laminated glass. The
interlayer film 11 is provided with a first layer 1, a second layer
2, and a third layer 3. The second layer 2 is arranged on a first
surface 1a of the first layer 1 to be layered thereon. The third
layer 3 is arranged on a second surface 1b opposite to the first
surface 1a of the first layer 1 to be layered thereon. The first
layer 1 is an intermediate layer. Each of the second layer 2 and
the third layer 3 is a protective layer and is a surface layer in
the present embodiment. The first layer 1 is arranged between the
second layer 2 and the third layer 3 to be sandwiched therebetween.
Accordingly, the interlayer film 11 has a multilayer structure (a
second layer 2/a first layer 1/a third layer 3) in which the second
layer 2, the first layer 1, and the third layer 3 are layered in
this order.
[0049] In this connection, other layers may be arranged between the
second layer 2 and the first layer 1 and between the first layer 1
and the third layer 3, respectively. It is preferred that each of
the second layer 2 and the third layer 3 be directly layered on the
first layer 1.
[0050] FIG. 2 shows an interlayer film for laminated glass in
accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention
schematically represented as a sectional view.
[0051] The interlayer film 11A shown in FIG. 2 is a single-layered
interlayer film having a one-layer structure. The interlayer film
11A is singly constituted by a first layer. The interlayer film 11A
is used for obtaining laminated glass. The interlayer film 11A is
an interlayer film for laminated glass.
[0052] Hereinafter, the details of the first layer, the second
layer and the third layer which constitute the interlayer film
according to the present invention, and the details of each
ingredient contained in the first layer, the second layer and the
third layer will be described.
[0053] (Polyvinyl Acetal Resin or Thermoplastic Resin)
[0054] The first layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin
(hereinafter, sometimes described as a thermoplastic resin (1)) and
preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin (hereinafter,
sometimes described as a polyvinyl acetal resin (1)) as the
thermoplastic resin (1). The second layer preferably contains a
thermoplastic resin (hereinafter, sometimes described as a
thermoplastic resin (2)) and preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal
resin (hereinafter, sometimes described as a polyvinyl acetal resin
(2)) as the thermoplastic resin (2). The third layer preferably
contains a thermoplastic resin (hereinafter, sometimes described as
a thermoplastic resin (3)) and preferably contains a polyvinyl
acetal resin (hereinafter, sometimes described as a polyvinyl
acetal resin (3)) as the thermoplastic resin (3). Although the
polyvinyl acetal resin (1), the polyvinyl acetal resin (2), and the
polyvinyl acetal resin (3) may be the same as or different from one
another, it is preferred that the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) be
different from the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl
acetal resin (3) because the sound insulating properties are
further heightened. The thermoplastic resin (2) and the
thermoplastic resin (3) may be the same as or different from each
other. One kind of each of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1), the
polyvinyl acetal resin (2), and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) may
be used alone, and two or more kinds thereof may be used in
combination. One kind of each of the thermoplastic resin (2) and
the thermoplastic resin (3) may be used alone, and two or more
kinds thereof may be used in combination.
[0055] Examples of the thermoplastic resin include a polyvinyl
acetal resin, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, an
ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer resin, a polyurethane resin, a
polyvinyl alcohol resin, and the like. Thermoplastic resins other
than these may be used.
[0056] For example, the polyvinyl acetal resin can be produced by
acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde. It is preferred
that the polyvinyl acetal resin be an acetalized product of
polyvinyl alcohol. For example, the polyvinyl alcohol can be
obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate. The saponification
degree of the polyvinyl alcohol generally falls within the range of
70 to 99.9% by mole.
[0057] The average polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol
(PVA) is preferably 200 or more, more preferably 500 or more, even
more preferably 1500 or more, further preferably 1600 or more,
especially preferably 2600 or more, most preferably 2700 or more,
preferably 5000 or less, more preferably 4000 or less and further
preferably 3500 or less. When the average polymerization degree is
the above lower limit or more, the penetration resistance of
laminated glass is further enhanced. When the average
polymerization degree is the above upper limit or less, formation
of an interlayer film is facilitated.
[0058] The average polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol
is determined by a method in accordance with JIS K6726 "Testing
methods for polyvinyl alcohol".
[0059] It is preferred that the number of carbon atoms of the
acetal group in the polyvinyl acetal resin lie within the range of
3 to 5, and it is preferred that the number of carbon atoms of the
acetal group be 4 or 5.
[0060] In general, as the aldehyde, an aldehyde with 1 to 10 carbon
atoms is suitably used. Examples of the aldehyde with 1 to 10
carbon atoms include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde,
n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde,
2-ethylbutyraldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde, n-octylaldehyde,
n-nonylaldehyde, n-decylaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and the like. Of
these, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde,
isobutyraldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde or n-valeraldehyde is preferred,
acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde or
n-valeraldehyde is more preferred, and n-butyraldehyde or
n-valeraldehyde is further preferred. One kind of the aldehyde may
be used alone, and two or more kinds thereof may be used in
combination.
[0061] The content of the hydroxyl group (the amount of hydroxyl
groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is preferably 17% by mole
or more, more preferably 20% by mole or more, further preferably
22% by mole or more, preferably 30% by mole or less, more
preferably less than 27% by mole, and further preferably 25% by
mole or less. When the content of the hydroxyl group is the above
lower limit or more, the adhesive force of the interlayer film is
further heightened. In particular, when the content of the hydroxyl
group of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is 20% by mole or more, the
resin is high in reaction efficiency and is excellent in
productivity, and moreover, when less than 27% by mole, the sound
insulating properties of laminated glass are further heightened.
Moreover, when the content of the hydroxyl group is the above upper
limit or less, the flexibility of the interlayer film is enhanced
and the handling of the interlayer film is facilitated.
[0062] In the case where the interlayer film is single-layered or
the case where the first layer is an outermost layer of the
interlayer film, the content of the hydroxyl group (the amount of
hydroxyl groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is preferably
25% by mole or more, more preferably 27% by mole or more, further
preferably 29% by mole or more, preferably 38% by mole or less,
more preferably 36% by mole or less, further preferably 34% by mole
or less, and especially preferably 32% by mole or less. When the
content of the hydroxyl group is the above lower limit or more, the
mechanical strength of the interlayer film is further heightened.
In particular, when the content of the hydroxyl group of the
polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is 27% by mole or more, the resin is
high in reaction efficiency and is excellent in productivity.
Moreover, when the content of the hydroxyl group is the above upper
limit or less, the flexibility of the interlayer film is enhanced
and the handling of the interlayer film is facilitated.
[0063] The content of the hydroxyl group of each of the polyvinyl
acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) is preferably
25% by mole or more, more preferably 28% by mole or more, more
preferably 30% by mole or more, even more preferably 31.5% by mole
or more, further preferably 32% by mole or more, especially
preferably 33% by mole or more, preferably 37% by mole or less,
more preferably 36.5% by mole or less, and further preferably 36%
by mole or less. When the content of the hydroxyl group is the
above lower limit or more, the adhesive force of the interlayer
film is further heightened. Moreover, when the content of the
hydroxyl group is the above upper limit or less, the flexibility of
the interlayer film is enhanced and the handling of the interlayer
film is facilitated.
[0064] From the viewpoint of further heightening the sound
insulating properties, it is preferred that the content of the
hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) be lower than the
content of the hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl acetal resin (2).
From the viewpoint of still further heightening the sound
insulating properties, the absolute value of the difference between
the content of the hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1)
and the content of the hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl acetal resin
(2) is preferably 1% by mole or more, more preferably 5% by mole or
more, further preferably 9% by mole or more, especially preferably
10% by mole or more, and most preferably 12% by mole or more. The
absolute value of the difference between the content of the
hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) and the content of
the hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) is preferably
20% by mole or less.
[0065] The content of the hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl acetal
resin is a mole fraction, represented in percentage, obtained by
dividing the amount of ethylene groups to which the hydroxyl group
is bonded by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain.
For example, the amount of ethylene groups to which the hydroxyl
group is bonded can be measured in accordance with JIS K6728
"Testing methods for polyvinyl butyral".
[0066] The acetylation degree (the amount of acetyl groups) of the
polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is preferably 0.01% by mole or more,
more preferably 0.1% by mole or more, even more preferably 7% by
mole or more, further preferably 9% by mole or more, preferably 30%
by mole or less, more preferably 25% by mole or less, and further
preferably 24% by mole or less. When the acetylation degree is the
above lower limit or more, the compatibility between the polyvinyl
acetal resin and a plasticizer is heightened. When the acetylation
degree is the above upper limit or less, with regard to the
interlayer film and laminated glass, the moisture resistance
thereof is enhanced. In particular, when the acetylation degree of
the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is 0.1% by mole or more and 25% by
mole or less, the resulting laminated glass is excellent in
penetration resistance.
[0067] In the case where the interlayer film is single-layered or
the case where the first layer is an outermost layer of the
interlayer film, the acetylation degree (the amount of acetyl
groups) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1) is preferably 0.01% by
mole or more, more preferably 0.1% by mole or more, even more
preferably 0.5% by mole or more, further preferably 0.8% by mole or
more, preferably 10% by mole or less, more preferably 5% by mole or
less, and further preferably 3% by mole or less. When the
acetylation degree is the above lower limit or more, the
compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and a plasticizer
is heightened. When the acetylation degree is the above upper limit
or less, with regard to the interlayer film and laminated glass,
the moisture resistance thereof is enhanced.
[0068] The acetylation degree of each of the polyvinyl acetal resin
(2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) is preferably 0.01% by mole
or more, more preferably 0.5% by mole or more, preferably 10% by
mole or less, and more preferably 2% by mole or less. When the
acetylation degree is the above lower limit or more, the
compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and a plasticizer
is heightened. When the acetylation degree is the above upper limit
or less, with regard to the interlayer film and laminated glass,
the moisture resistance thereof is enhanced.
[0069] The acetylation degree is a mole fraction, represented in
percentage, obtained by dividing the amount of ethylene groups to
which the acetyl group is bonded by the total amount of ethylene
groups in the main chain. For example, the amount of ethylene
groups to which the acetyl group is bonded can be measured in
accordance with JIS K6728 "Testing methods for polyvinyl
butyral".
[0070] The acetalization degree of the polyvinyl acetal resin (1)
(the butyralization degree in the case of a polyvinyl butyral
resin) is preferably 47% by mole or more, more preferably 60% by
mole or more, preferably 85% by mole or less, more preferably 80%
by mole or less and further preferably 75% by mole or less. When
the acetalization degree is the above lower limit or more, the
compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and a plasticizer
is heightened. When the acetalization degree is the above upper
limit or less, the reaction time required for producing the
polyvinyl acetal resin is shortened.
[0071] In the case where the interlayer film is single-layered or
the case where the first layer is an outermost layer of the
interlayer film, the acetalization degree of the polyvinyl acetal
resin (1) (the butyralization degree in the case of a polyvinyl
butyral resin) is preferably 60% by mole or more, more preferably
65% by mole or more, preferably 72% by mole or less, more
preferably 70% by mole or less, and further preferably 69% by mole
or less. When the acetalization degree is the above lower limit or
more, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and a
plasticizer is heightened. When the acetalization degree is the
above upper limit or less, the reaction time required for producing
the polyvinyl acetal resin is shortened.
[0072] The acetalization degree of each of the polyvinyl acetal
resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) (the butyralization
degree in the case of a polyvinyl butyral resin) is preferably 55%
by mole or more, more preferably 60% by mole or more, preferably
75% by mole or less and more preferably 71% by mole or less. When
the acetalization degree is the above lower limit or more, the
compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and a plasticizer
is heightened. When the acetalization degree is the above upper
limit or less, the reaction time required for producing the
polyvinyl acetal resin is shortened.
[0073] The acetalization degree is a mole fraction, represented in
percentage, obtained by dividing a value obtained by subtracting
the amount of ethylene groups to which the hydroxyl group is bonded
and the amount of ethylene groups to which the acetyl group is
bonded from the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain
by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain.
[0074] In this connection, it is preferred that the content of the
hydroxyl group (the amount of hydroxyl groups), the acetalization
degree (the butyralization degree) and the acetylation degree be
calculated from the results measured by a method in accordance with
JIS K6728 "Testing methods for polyvinyl butyral". In this context,
a method in accordance with ASTM D1396-92 may be used. When the
polyvinyl acetal resin is a polyvinyl butyral resin, the content of
the hydroxyl group (the amount of hydroxyl groups), the
acetalization degree (the butyralization degree) and the
acetylation degree can be calculated from the results measured by a
method in accordance with JIS K6728 "Testing methods for polyvinyl
butyral".
[0075] From the viewpoint of further improving the penetration
resistance of laminated glass, it is preferred that the polyvinyl
acetal resin (1) be a polyvinyl acetal resin (A) with an
acetylation degree (a) of less than 8% by mole and an acetalization
degree (a) of 65% by mole or more or a polyvinyl acetal resin (B)
with an acetylation degree (b) of 8% by mole or more. Each of the
polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) may
be the polyvinyl acetal resin (A) and may be the polyvinyl acetal
resin (B).
[0076] The acetylation degree (a) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (A)
is less than 8% by mole, preferably 7.9% by mole or less, more
preferably 7.8% by mole or less, further preferably 6.5% by mole or
less, especially preferably 6% by mole or less, preferably 0.1% by
mole- or more, more preferably 0.5% by mole or more, further
preferably 5% by mole or more and especially preferably 5.5% by
mole or more. When the acetylation degree (a) is 0.1% by mole or
more and less than 8% by mole, the transfer of a plasticizer can be
easily controlled and the sound insulating properties of laminated
glass are further heightened.
[0077] The acetalization degree (a) of the polyvinyl acetal resin
(A) is 65% by mole or more, preferably 66% by mole or more, more
preferably 67% by mole or more, further preferably 67.5% by mole or
more, especially preferably 75% by mole or more, preferably 85% by
mole or less, more preferably 84% by mole or less, further
preferably 83% by mole or less and especially preferably 82% by
mole or less. When the acetalization degree (a) is the above lower
limit or more, the sound insulating properties of laminated glass
are further heightened. When the acetalization degree (a) is the
above upper limit or less, the reaction time required for producing
the polyvinyl acetal resin (A) can be shortened.
[0078] The content (a) of the hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl
acetal resin (A) is preferably 18% by mole or more, more preferably
19% by mole or more, further preferably 20% by mole or more,
especially preferably 21% by mole or more, most preferably 23% by
mole or more, preferably 31% by mole or less, more preferably 30%
by mole or less, further preferably 29% by mole or less and
especially preferably 28% by mole or less. When the content (a) of
the hydroxyl group is the above lower limit or more, the adhesive
force of the interlayer film is further heightened. When the
content (a) of the hydroxyl group is the above upper limit or less,
the sound insulating properties of laminated glass are further
heightened.
[0079] The acetylation degree (b) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (B)
is 8% by mole or more, preferably 9% by mole or more, more
preferably 9.5% by mole or more, further preferably 10% by mole or
more, especially preferably 10.5% by mole or more, preferably 30%
by mole or less, more preferably 28% by mole or less, further
preferably 26% by mole or less and especially preferably 24% by
mole or less. When the acetylation degree (b) is the above lower
limit or more, the sound insulating properties of laminated glass
are further heightened. When the acetylation degree (b) is the
above upper limit or less, the reaction time required for producing
the polyvinyl acetal resin (B) can be shortened.
[0080] The acetalization degree (b) of the polyvinyl acetal resin
(B) is preferably 50% by mole or more, more preferably 53% by mole
or more, further preferably 55% by mole or more, especially
preferably 60% by mole or more, preferably 78% by mole or less,
more preferably 75% by mole or less, further preferably 72% by mole
or less and especially preferably 70% by mole or less. When the
acetalization degree (b) is the above lower limit or more, the
sound insulating properties of laminated glass are further
heightened. When the acetalization degree (b) is the above upper
limit or less, the reaction time required for producing the
polyvinyl acetal resin (B) can be shortened.
[0081] The content (b) of the hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl
acetal resin (B) is preferably 18% by mole or more, more preferably
19% by mole or more, further preferably 20% by mole or more,
especially preferably 21% by mole or more, most preferably 23% by
mole or more, preferably 31% by mole or less, more preferably 30%
by mole or less, further preferably 29% by mole or less and
especially preferably 28% by mole or less. When the content (b) of
the hydroxyl group is the above lower limit or more, the adhesive
force of the interlayer film is further heightened. When the
content (b) of the hydroxyl group is the above upper limit or less,
the sound insulating properties of laminated glass are further
heightened.
[0082] It is preferred that each of the polyvinyl acetal resin (A)
and the polyvinyl acetal resin (B) be a polyvinyl butyral
resin.
[0083] (Plasticizer)
[0084] It is preferred that the first layer (including a
single-layered interlayer film) contain a plasticizer (hereinafter,
sometimes described as a plasticizer (1)). It is preferred that the
second layer contain a plasticizer (hereinafter, sometimes
described as a plasticizer (2)). It is preferred that the third
layer contain a plasticizer (hereinafter, sometimes described as a
plasticizer (3)). By the use of the plasticizer or by using a
polyvinyl acetal resin and a plasticizer together, the adhesive
force of a layer containing the polyvinyl acetal resin and the
plasticizer to a lamination glass member or another layer is
moderately heightened. The plasticizer is not particularly limited.
The plasticizer (1), the plasticizer (2) and the plasticizer (3)
may be the same as or different from one another. One kind of each
of the plasticizer (1), the plasticizer (2) and the plasticizer (3)
may be used alone, and two or more kinds thereof may be used in
combination.
[0085] Examples of the plasticizer include organic ester
plasticizers such as a monobasic organic acid ester and a polybasic
organic acid ester, organic phosphate plasticizers such as an
organic phosphate plasticizer and an organic phosphite plasticizer,
and the like. Of these, organic ester plasticizers are preferred.
It is preferred that the plasticizer be a liquid plasticizer.
[0086] Examples of the monobasic organic acid ester include a
glycol ester obtained by the reaction of a glycol with a monobasic
organic acid, and the like. Examples of the glycol include
triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, and
the like. Examples of the monobasic organic acid include butyric
acid, isobutyric acid, caproic acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, heptanoic
acid, n-octylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, n-nonylic acid,
decanoic acid, and the like.
[0087] Examples of the polybasic organic acid ester include an
ester compound of a polybasic organic acid and an alcohol having a
linear or branched structure of 4 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of
the polybasic organic acid include adipic acid, sebacic acid,
azelaic acid, and the like.
[0088] Examples of the organic ester plasticizer include
triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpropanoate, triethylene glycol
di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate,
triethylene glycol dicaprylate, triethylene glycol di-n-octanoate,
triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol
di-n-heptanoate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl
carbitol adipate, ethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,3-propylene
glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,4-butylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate,
diethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol
di-2-ethylhexanoate, dipropylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate,
triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpentanoate, tetraethylene glycol
di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol dicaprylate, dihexyl adipate,
dioctyl adipate, hexyl cyclohexyl adipate, a mixture of heptyl
adipate and nonyl adipate, diisononyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate,
heptyl nonyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, oil-modified sebacic
alkyds, a mixture of a phosphoric acid ester and an adipic acid
ester, and the like. Organic ester plasticizers other than these
may be used. Other adipic acid esters other than the
above-described adipic acid esters may be used.
[0089] Examples of the organic phosphate plasticizer include
tributoxyethyl phosphate, isodecyl phenyl phosphate, triisopropyl
phosphate, and the like.
[0090] It is preferred that the plasticizer be a diester
plasticizer represented by the following formula (1).
##STR00001##
[0091] In the foregoing formula (1), R1 and R2 each represent an
organic group with 2 to 10 carbon atoms, R3 represents an ethylene
group, an isopropylene group or an n-propylene group, and p
represents an integer of 3 to 10. It is preferred that R1 and R2 in
the foregoing formula (1) each be an organic group with 5 to 10
carbon atoms, and it is more preferred that R1 and R2 each be an
organic group with 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
[0092] It is preferred that the plasticizer include triethylene
glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), triethylene glycol
di-2-ethylbutyrate (3GH) or triethylene glycol
di-2-ethylpropanoate, it is more preferred that the plasticizer
include triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate or triethylene
glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, and it is further preferred that the
plasticizer include triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate.
[0093] Each of the content of the plasticizer (2) (hereinafter,
sometimes described as the content (2)) relative to 100 parts by
weight of the thermoplastic resin (2) (100 parts by weight of a
polyvinyl acetal resin (2) when the thermoplastic resin (2) is the
polyvinyl acetal resin (2)) and the content of the plasticizer (3)
(hereinafter, sometimes described as the content (3)) relative to
100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin (3) (100 parts by
weight of a polyvinyl acetal resin (3) when the thermoplastic resin
(3) is the polyvinyl acetal resin (3)) is preferably 25 parts by
weight or more, more preferably 30 parts by weight or more, even
more preferably 34 parts by weight or more, further preferably 35
parts by weight or more, especially preferably 37 parts by weight
or more, preferably 80 parts by weight or less, more preferably 45
parts by weight or less, further preferably 42 parts by weight or
less, and especially preferably 40 parts by weight or less. When
the content (2) and the content (3) are the above lower limit or
more, the flexibility of the interlayer film is enhanced and the
handling of the interlayer film is facilitated. When the content
(2) and the content (3) are the above upper limit or less, the
penetration resistance of laminated glass is further enhanced.
[0094] In the case where the interlayer film is single-layered or
the case where the first layer is an outermost layer of the
interlayer film, the content of the plasticizer (1) (hereinafter,
sometimes described as the content (1)) relative to 100 parts by
weight of the thermoplastic resin (1) (100 parts by weight of a
polyvinyl acetal resin (1) when the thermoplastic resin (1) is the
polyvinyl acetal resin (1)) is preferably 25 parts by weight or
more, more preferably 30 parts by weight or more, further
preferably 34 parts by weight or more, especially preferably 35
parts by weight or more, most preferably 37 parts by weight or
more, preferably 80 parts by weight or less, more preferably 45
parts by weight or less, further preferably 42 parts by weight or
less, and especially preferably 40 parts by weight or less. When
the content (1) is the above lower limit or more, the flexibility
of the interlayer film is enhanced and the handling of the
interlayer film is facilitated. When the content (1) is the above
upper limit or less, the penetration resistance of laminated glass
is further enhanced.
[0095] The content of the plasticizer (1) (hereinafter, sometimes
described as the content (1)) relative to 100 parts by weight of
the thermoplastic resin (1) (100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl
acetal resin (1) when the thermoplastic resin (1) is the polyvinyl
acetal resin (2)) is preferably 50 parts by weight or more, more
preferably 55 parts by weight or more, further preferably 60 parts
by weight or more, preferably 90 parts by weight or less, more
preferably 85 parts by weight or less, and further preferably 80
parts by weight or less. When the content (1) is the above lower
limit or more, the flexibility of the interlayer film is enhanced
and the handling of the interlayer film is facilitated. When the
content (1) is the above upper limit or less, the penetration
resistance of laminated glass is further enhanced.
[0096] For the purpose of heightening the sound insulating
properties of laminated glass, it is preferred that the content (1)
be larger than the content (2) and it is preferred that the content
(1) be larger than the content (3). In particular, from the
viewpoint of further heightening the sound insulating properties of
laminated glass, each of the absolute value of the difference
between the content (2) and the content (1) and the absolute value
of the difference between the content (3) and the content (1) is
preferably 10 parts by weight or more, more preferably 15 parts by
weight or more, and further preferably 20 parts by weight or more.
Each of the absolute value of the difference between the content
(2) and the content (1) and the absolute value of the difference
between the content (3) and the content (1) is preferably 80 parts
by weight or less, more preferably 75 parts by weight or less, and
further preferably 70 parts by weight or less.
[0097] (Heat Shielding Compound)
[0098] It is preferred that the interlayer film include a heat
shielding compound. It is preferred that the first layer contain a
heat shielding compound. It is preferred that the second layer
contain a heat shielding compound.
[0099] It is preferred that the third layer contain a heat
shielding compound. One kind of the heat shielding compound may be
used alone, and two or more kinds thereof may be used in
combination.
[0100] Ingredient X:
[0101] It is preferred that the interlayer film include at least
one kind of Ingredient X among a phthalocyanine compound, a
naphthalocyanine compound and an anthracyanine compound. It is
preferred that the first layer contain the Ingredient X. It is
preferred that the second layer contain the Ingredient X. It is
preferred that the third layer contain the Ingredient X. The
Ingredient X is a heat shielding compound. One kind of the
Ingredient X may be used alone, and two or more kinds thereof may
be used in combination.
[0102] The Ingredient X is not particularly limited. As the
Ingredient X, conventionally known phthalocyanine compound,
naphthalocyanine compound and anthracyanine compound can be
used.
[0103] With regard to the interlayer film and laminated glass, from
the viewpoint of further enhancing the heat shielding properties
thereof, it is preferred that the Ingredient X be at least one kind
selected from the group consisting of phthalocyanine, a derivative
of phthalocyanine, naphthalocyanine and a derivative of
naphthalocyanine, and it is more preferred that the Ingredient X be
at least one kind among phthalocyanine and a derivative of
phthalocyanine.
[0104] From the viewpoints of effectively enhancing the heat
shielding properties and maintaining the visible light
transmittance at a higher level over a long period of time, it is
preferred that the Ingredient X contain vanadium atoms or copper
atoms. It is preferred that the Ingredient X contain vanadium atoms
and it is also preferred that the Ingredient X contain copper
atoms. It is more preferred that the Ingredient X be at least one
kind among phthalocyanine containing vanadium atoms or copper atoms
and a derivative of phthalocyanine containing vanadium atoms or
copper atoms. With regard to the interlayer film and laminated
glass, from the viewpoint of still further enhancing the heat
shielding properties thereof, it is preferred that the Ingredient X
have a structural unit in which an oxygen atom is bonded to a
vanadium atom.
[0105] In 100% by weight of a layer containing the Ingredient X (a
first layer, a second layer or a third layer), the content of the
Ingredient X is preferably 0.001% by weight or more, more
preferably 0.005% by weight or more, further preferably 0.01% by
weight or more, especially preferably 0.02% by weight or more,
preferably 0.2% by weight or less, more preferably 0.1% by weight
or less, further preferably 0.05% by weight or less and especially
preferably 0.04% by weight or less. When the content of the
Ingredient X is the above lower limit or more and the above upper
limit or less, the heat shielding properties are sufficiently
enhanced and the visible light transmittance is sufficiently
heightened. For example, it is possible to make the visible light
transmittance 70% or more.
[0106] Heat Shielding Particles:
[0107] It is preferred that the interlayer film include heat
shielding particles. It is preferred that the first layer contain
the heat shielding particles. It is preferred that the second layer
contain the heat shielding particles. It is preferred that the
third layer contain the heat shielding particles. The heat
shielding particle is of a heat shielding compound. By the use of
heat shielding particles, infrared rays (heat rays) can be
effectively cut off. One kind of the heat shielding particles may
be used alone, and two or more kinds thereof may be used in
combination.
[0108] From the viewpoint of further heightening the heat shielding
properties of laminated glass, it is more preferred that the heat
shielding particles be metal oxide particles. It is preferred that
the heat shielding particle be a particle (a metal oxide particle)
formed from an oxide of a metal.
[0109] The energy amount of an infrared ray with a wavelength of
780 nm or longer which is longer than that of visible light is
small as compared with an ultraviolet ray. However, the thermal
action of infrared rays is large, and when infrared rays are
absorbed into a substance, heat is released from the substance. As
such, infrared rays are generally called heat rays. By the use of
the heat shielding particles, infrared rays (heat rays) can be
effectively cut off. In this connection, the heat shielding
particle means a particle capable of absorbing infrared rays.
[0110] Specific examples of the heat shielding particles include
metal oxide particles such as aluminum-doped tin oxide particles,
indium-doped tin oxide particles, antimony-doped tin oxide
particles (ATO particles), gallium-doped zinc oxide particles (GZO
particles), indium-doped zinc oxide particles (IZO particles),
aluminum-doped zinc oxide particles (AZO particles), niobium-doped
titanium oxide particles, sodium-doped tungsten oxide particles,
cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles, thallium-doped tungsten
oxide particles, rubidium-doped tungsten oxide particles, tin-doped
indium oxide particles (ITO particles), tin-doped zinc oxide
particles and silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, lanthanum
hexaboride (LaB.sub.6) particles, and the like. Heat shielding
particles other than these may be used. Of these, since the heat
ray shielding function is high, preferred are metal oxide
particles, more preferred are ATO particles, GZO particles, IZO
particles, ITO particles or tungsten oxide particles, and
especially preferred are ITO particles or tungsten oxide particles.
In particular, since the heat ray shielding function is high and
the particles are readily available, preferred are tin-doped indium
oxide particles (ITO particles), and also preferred are tungsten
oxide particles.
[0111] With regard to the interlayer film and laminated glass, from
the viewpoint of further enhancing the heat shielding properties
thereof, it is preferred that the tungsten oxide particles be
metal-doped tungsten oxide particles. Examples of the "tungsten
oxide particles" include metal-doped tungsten oxide particles.
Specifically, examples of the metal-doped tungsten oxide particles
include sodium-doped tungsten oxide particles, cesium-doped
tungsten oxide particles, thallium-doped tungsten oxide particles,
rubidium-doped tungsten oxide particles, and the like.
[0112] With regard to the interlayer film and laminated glass, from
the viewpoint of further enhancing the heat shielding properties
thereof, cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles are especially
preferred. With regard to the interlayer film and laminated glass,
from the viewpoint of still further enhancing the heat shielding
properties thereof, it is preferred that the cesium-doped tungsten
oxide particles be tungsten oxide particles represented by the
formula: Cs.sub.0.33WO.sub.3.
[0113] The average particle diameter of the heat shielding
particles is preferably 0.01 .mu.m or more, more preferably 0.02
.mu.m or more, preferably 0.1 .mu.m or less and more preferably
0.05 .mu.m or less. When the average particle diameter is the above
lower limit or more, the heat ray shielding properties are
sufficiently heightened. When the average particle diameter is the
above upper limit or less, the dispersibility of heat shielding
particles is enhanced.
[0114] The "average particle diameter" refers to the volume average
particle diameter. The average particle diameter can be measured
using a particle size distribution measuring apparatus ("UPA-EX150"
available from NIKKISO CO., LTD.), or the like.
[0115] In 100% by weight of a layer containing the heat shielding
particles (a first layer, a second layer or a third layer), each
content of the heat shielding particles is preferably 0.01% by
weight or more, more preferably 0.1% by weight or more, further
preferably 1% by weight or more, especially preferably 1.5% by
weight or more, preferably 6% by weight or less, more preferably
5.5% by weight or less, further preferably 4% by weight or less,
especially preferably 3.5% by weight or less and most preferably 3%
by weight or less. When the content of the heat shielding particles
is the above lower limit or more and the above upper limit or less,
the heat shielding properties are sufficiently enhanced and the
visible light transmittance is sufficiently heightened.
[0116] (Metal Salt)
[0117] It is preferred that the interlayer film contain at least
one kind of metal salt (hereinafter, sometimes described as Metal
salt M) among a magnesium salt, an alkali metal salt, and an
alkaline earth metal salt. It is preferred that the first layer
contain the Metal salt M. It is preferred that the second layer
contain the Metal salt M. It is preferred that the third layer
contain the Metal salt M. By the use of the Metal salt M,
controlling the adhesivity between the interlayer film and a
lamination glass member or the adhesivity between respective layers
in the interlayer film is facilitated. One kind of the Metal salt M
may be used alone and two or more kinds thereof may be used in
combination.
[0118] It is preferred that the Metal salt M contain at least one
kind of metal selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb,
Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba. It is preferred that the metal salt
contained in the interlayer film contain at least one kind of metal
between K and Mg.
[0119] Moreover, it is more preferred that the Metal salt M be an
alkali metal salt of an organic acid with 2 to 16 carbon atoms or
an alkaline earth metal salt of an organic acid with 2 to 16 carbon
atoms and it is further preferred that the Metal salt M be a
magnesium carboxylate with 2 to 16 carbon atoms or a potassium
carboxylate with 2 to 16 carbon atoms.
[0120] Although the magnesium carboxylate with 2 to 16 carbon atoms
and the potassium carboxylate with 2 to 16 carbon atoms are not
particularly limited, examples thereof include magnesium acetate,
potassium acetate, magnesium propionate, potassium propionate,
magnesium 2-ethylbutyrate, potassium 2-ethylbutanoate, magnesium
2-ethylhexanoate, potassium 2-ethylhexanoate, and the like.
[0121] The total of the contents of Mg and K in a layer containing
the Metal salt M (a first layer, a second layer, or a third layer)
is preferably 5 ppm or more, more preferably 10 ppm or more,
further preferably 20 ppm or more, preferably 300 ppm or less, more
preferably 250 ppm or less, and further preferably 200 ppm or less.
When the total of the contents of Mg and K is the above lower limit
or more and the above upper limit or less, the adhesivity between
the interlayer film and a lamination glass member or the adhesivity
between respective layers in the interlayer film can be further
well controlled.
[0122] (Ultraviolet Ray Screening Agent)
[0123] It is preferred that the interlayer film include an
ultraviolet ray screening agent. It is preferred that the first
layer contain an ultraviolet ray screening agent. It is preferred
that the second layer contain an ultraviolet ray screening agent.
It is preferred that the third layer contain an ultraviolet ray
screening agent. By the use of an ultraviolet ray screening agent,
even when the interlayer film and the laminated glass are used for
a long period of time, the visible light transmittance becomes
further difficult to be lowered. One kind of the ultraviolet ray
screening agent may be used alone, and two or more kinds thereof
may be used in combination.
[0124] Examples of the ultraviolet ray screening agent include an
ultraviolet ray absorber. It is preferred that the ultraviolet ray
screening agent be an ultraviolet ray absorber.
[0125] Examples of the ultraviolet ray screening agent include an
ultraviolet ray screening agent containing a metal atom, an
ultraviolet ray screening agent containing a metal oxide, an
ultraviolet ray screening agent having a benzotriazole structure,
an ultraviolet ray screening agent having a benzophenone structure,
an ultraviolet ray screening agent having a triazine structure, an
ultraviolet ray screening agent having a malonic acid ester
structure, an ultraviolet ray screening agent having an oxanilide
structure, an ultraviolet ray screening agent having a benzoate
structure, and the like.
[0126] Examples of the ultraviolet ray screening agent containing a
metal atom include platinum particles, particles in which the
surface of platinum particles is coated with silica, palladium
particles, particles in which the surface of palladium particles is
coated with silica, and the like. It is preferred that the
ultraviolet ray screening agent not be heat shielding
particles.
[0127] The ultraviolet ray screening agent is preferably an
ultraviolet ray screening agent having a benzotriazole structure,
an ultraviolet ray screening agent having a benzophenone structure,
an ultraviolet ray screening agent having a triazine structure or
an ultraviolet ray screening agent having a benzoate structure,
more preferably an ultraviolet ray screening agent having a
benzotriazole structure or an ultraviolet ray screening agent
having a benzophenone structure, and further preferably an
ultraviolet ray screening agent having a benzotriazole
structure.
[0128] Examples of the ultraviolet ray screening agent containing a
metal oxide include zinc oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, and
the like. Furthermore, with regard to the ultraviolet ray screening
agent containing a metal oxide, the surface thereof may be coated
with any material. Examples of the coating material for the surface
of the ultraviolet ray screening agent containing a metal oxide
include an insulating metal oxide, a hydrolyzable organosilicon
compound, a silicone compound, and the like.
[0129] Examples of the ultraviolet ray screening agent having a
benzotriazole structure include ultraviolet ray screening agents
having a benzotriazole structure such as
2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole ("Tinuvin P" available
from BASF Japan Ltd.),
2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-t-butylphenyl)benzotriazole ("Tinuvin 320"
available from BASF Japan Ltd.),
2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole
("Tinuvin 326" available from BASF Japan Ltd.) and
2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-amylphenyl)benzotriazole ("Tinuvin 328"
available from BASF Japan Ltd.). It is preferred that the
ultraviolet ray screening agent be an ultraviolet ray screening
agent having a benzotriazole structure containing a halogen atom,
and it is more preferred that the ultraviolet ray screening agent
be an ultraviolet ray screening agent having a benzotriazole
structure containing a chlorine atom, because those are excellent
in ultraviolet ray absorbing performance.
[0130] Examples of the ultraviolet ray screening agent having a
benzophenone structure include octabenzone ("Chimassorb 81"
available from BASF Japan Ltd.), and the like.
[0131] Examples of the ultraviolet ray screening agent having a
triazine structure include "LA-F70" available from ADEKA
CORPORATION,
2-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)-5-[(hexyl)oxy]-phenol
("Tinuvin 1577FF" available from BASF Japan Ltd.), and the
like.
[0132] Examples of the ultraviolet ray screening agent having a
malonic acid ester structure include
dimethyl(p-methoxybenzylidene)malonate,
tetraethyl-2,2-(1,4-phenylenedimethylidene)bismalonate,
2-(p-methoxybenzylidene)-bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl)malonate-
, and the like.
[0133] Examples of a commercial product of the ultraviolet ray
screening agent having a malonic acid ester structure include
Hostavin B-CAP, Hostavin PR-25 and Hostavin PR-31 (any of these is
available from Clariant Japan K.K.).
[0134] Examples of the ultraviolet ray screening agent having an
oxanilide structure include a kind of oxalic acid diamide having a
substituted aryl group and the like on the nitrogen atom such as
N-(2-ethylphenyl)-N'-(2-ethoxy-5-t-butylphenyl)oxalic acid diamide,
N-(2-ethylphenyl)-N'-(2-ethoxy-phenyl)oxalic acid diamide and
2-ethyl-2'-ethoxy-oxanilide ("Sanduvor VSU" available from Clariant
Japan K.K.).
[0135] Examples of the ultraviolet ray screening agent having a
benzoate structure include
2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate
("Tinuvin 120" available from BASF Japan Ltd.), and the like.
[0136] From the viewpoint of further suppressing the lowering in
visible light transmittance after the lapse of a certain period of
time, in 100% by weight of a layer containing the ultraviolet ray
screening agent (a first layer, a second layer or a third layer),
the content of the ultraviolet ray screening agent is preferably
0.1% by weight or more, more preferably 0.2% by weight or more,
further preferably 0.3% by weight or more, especially preferably
0.5% by weight or more, preferably 2.5% by weight or less, more
preferably 2% by weight or less, further preferably 1% by weight or
less and especially preferably 0.8% by weight or less. In
particular, by setting the content of the ultraviolet ray screening
agent to be 0.2% by weight or more in 100% by weight of a layer
containing the ultraviolet ray screening agent, with regard to the
interlayer film and laminated glass, the lowering in visible light
transmittance thereof after the lapse of a certain period of time
can be significantly suppressed.
[0137] (Oxidation Inhibitor)
[0138] It is preferred that the interlayer film include an
oxidation inhibitor. It is preferred that the first layer contain
an oxidation inhibitor. It is preferred that the second layer
contain an oxidation inhibitor. It is preferred that the third
layer contain an oxidation inhibitor. One kind of the oxidation
inhibitor may be used alone, and two or more kinds thereof may be
used in combination.
[0139] Examples of the oxidation inhibitor include a phenol-based
oxidation inhibitor, a sulfur-based oxidation inhibitor, a
phosphorus-based oxidation inhibitor, and the like. The
phenol-based oxidation inhibitor is an oxidation inhibitor having a
phenol skeleton. The sulfur-based oxidation inhibitor is an
oxidation inhibitor containing a sulfur atom. The phosphorus-based
oxidation inhibitor is an oxidation inhibitor containing a
phosphorus atom.
[0140] It is preferred that the oxidation inhibitor be a
phenol-based oxidation inhibitor or a phosphorus-based oxidation
inhibitor.
[0141] Examples of the phenol-based oxidation inhibitor include
2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA),
2,6-di-t-butyl-4-ethylphenol, stearyl
.beta.-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate,
2,2'-methylenebis-(4-methyl-6-butylphenol),
2,2'-methylenebis-(4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenol),
4,4'-butylidene-bis-(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol),
1,1,3-tris-(2-methyl-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenyl)butane,
tetrakis[methylene-3-(3',5'-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]methane,
1,3,3-tris-(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenol)butane,
1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene,
bis(3,3'-t-butylphenol)butyric acid glycol ester,
bis(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzenepropanoic
acid)ethylenebis(oxyethylene), and the like. One kind or two or
more kinds among these oxidation inhibitors are suitably used.
[0142] Examples of the phosphorus-based oxidation inhibitor include
tridecyl phosphite, tris(tridecyl) phosphite, triphenyl phosphite,
trinonylphenyl phosphite, bis(tridecyl)pentaerithritol diphosphite,
bis(decyl)pentaerithritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)
phosphite, bis(2,4-di-t-butyl-6-methylphenyl)ethyl ester
phosphorous acid, tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) phosphite,
2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-t-butyl-1-phenyloxy)
(2-ethylhexyloxy)phosphorus, and the like. One kind or two or more
kinds among these oxidation inhibitors are suitably used.
[0143] Examples of a commercial product of the oxidation inhibitor
include "IRGANOX 245" available from BASF Japan Ltd., "IRGAFOS 168"
available from BASF Japan Ltd., "IRGAFOS 38" available from BASF
Japan Ltd., "Sumilizer BHT" available from Sumitomo Chemical Co.,
Ltd., "IRGANOX 1010" available from BASF Japan Ltd., and the
like.
[0144] With regard to the interlayer film and laminated glass, in
order to maintain high visible light transmittance thereof over a
long period of time, it is preferred that the content of the
oxidation inhibitor be 0.1% by weight or more in 100% by weight of
the interlayer film or in 100% by weight of the layer containing
the oxidation inhibitor (a first layer, a second layer or a third
layer). Moreover, since an effect commensurate with the addition of
an oxidation inhibitor is not attained, it is preferred that the
content of the oxidation inhibitor be 2% by weight or less in 100%
by weight of the interlayer film or in 100% by weight of the layer
containing the oxidation inhibitor.
[0145] (Other Ingredients)
[0146] Each of the first layer, the second layer and the third
layer may contain additives such as a coupling agent containing
silicon, aluminum or titanium, a dispersing agent, a surfactant, a
flame retardant, an antistatic agent, a pigment, a dye, an adhesive
force regulating agent, a moisture-resistance improving agent, a
fluorescent brightening agent and an infrared ray absorber, as
necessary. One kind of these additives may be used alone, and two
or more kinds thereof may be used in combination.
[0147] (Other Details of Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass)
[0148] The thickness of the interlayer film is not particularly
limited. From the viewpoint of the practical aspect and the
viewpoint of sufficiently enhancing the penetration resistance of
laminated glass, the thickness of the interlayer film is preferably
0.1 mm or more, more preferably 0.25 mm or more, preferably 3 mm or
less and more preferably 1.5 mm or less. When the thickness of the
interlayer film is the above lower limit or more, the penetration
resistance of laminated glass is enhanced. When the thickness of
the interlayer film is the above upper limit or less, the
transparency of the interlayer film is further improved.
[0149] It is preferred that the interlayer film be obtained by melt
extrusion molding.
[0150] The production method of the interlayer film is not
particularly limited. In the case of a single-layered interlayer
film, examples of the production method of the interlayer film
include a method of extruding a resin composition with an extruder.
In the case of a multi-layered interlayer film, examples of the
production method of the interlayer film include a method of
separately forming respective resin compositions used for
constituting respective layers into respective layers, and then,
for example, layering the respective obtained layers, a method of
coextruding respective resin compositions used for constituting
respective layers with an extruder and layering the respective
layers, and the like. A production method of extrusion-molding is
preferred because the method is suitable for continuous
production.
[0151] Since the production efficiency of the interlayer film is
excellent, it is preferred that respective polyvinyl acetal resins
contained in the second layer and the third layer be the same as
each other, it is more preferred that respective polyvinyl acetal
resins contained in the second layer and the third layer be the
same as each other and respective plasticizers contained therein be
the same as each other, and it is further preferred that the second
layer and the third layer be formed from the same resin composition
as each other.
[0152] (Laminated Glass)
[0153] FIG. 3 is a sectional view schematically showing an example
of laminated glass prepared with the interlayer film for laminated
glass shown in FIG. 1.
[0154] The laminated glass 31 shown in FIG. 3 is provided with a
first lamination glass member 21, a second lamination glass member
22, and an interlayer film 11. The interlayer film 11 is arranged
between the first lamination glass member 21 and the second
lamination glass member 22 to be sandwiched therebetween.
[0155] The first lamination glass member 21 is layered on a first
surface 11a of the interlayer film 11. The second lamination glass
member 22 is layered on a second surface 11b opposite to the first
surface 11a of the interlayer film 11. The first lamination glass
member 21 is layered on an outer surface 2a of a second layer 2.
The second lamination glass member 22 is layered on an outer
surface 3a of a third layer 3.
[0156] FIG. 4 is a sectional view schematically showing an example
of laminated glass prepared with the interlayer film for laminated
glass shown in FIG. 2.
[0157] The laminated glass 31A shown in FIG. 4 is provided with a
first lamination glass member 21, a second lamination glass member
22, and an interlayer film 11A. The interlayer film 11A is arranged
between the first lamination glass member 21 and the second
lamination glass member 22 to be sandwiched therebetween.
[0158] The first lamination glass member 21 is layered on a first
surface 11a of the interlayer film 11A. The second lamination glass
member 22 is layered on a second surface 11b opposite to the first
surface 11a of the interlayer film 11A.
[0159] As described above, the laminated glass is provided with a
first lamination glass member, a second lamination glass member,
and an interlayer film and the interlayer film is the interlayer
film for laminated glass according to the present invention. In the
laminated glass, the above-mentioned interlayer film is arranged
between the first lamination glass member and the second lamination
glass member.
[0160] Examples of the lamination glass member include a glass
plate, a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film, and the like. As
the laminated glass, laminated glass in which an interlayer film is
sandwiched between a glass plate and a PET film or the like, as
well as laminated glass in which an interlayer film is sandwiched
between two glass plates, is included. The laminated glass is a
laminate provided with a glass plate, and it is preferred that at
least one glass plate be used. It is preferred that each of the
first lamination glass member and the second lamination glass
member be a glass plate or a PET film, and the laminated glass be
provided with a glass plate as at least one among the first
lamination glass member and the second lamination glass member. It
is preferred that both of the first lamination glass member and the
second lamination glass member be glass plates (a first glass plate
and a second glass plate). The interlayer film is arranged between
a first glass plate and a second glass plate to suitably obtain
laminated glass.
[0161] Examples of the glass plate include a sheet of inorganic
glass and a sheet of organic glass. Examples of the inorganic glass
include float plate glass, heat ray-absorbing plate glass, heat
ray-reflecting plate glass, polished plate glass, figured glass,
wired plate glass, and the like. The organic glass is synthetic
resin glass substituted for inorganic glass. Examples of the
organic glass include a polycarbonate plate, a poly(meth)acrylic
resin plate, and the like. Examples of the poly(meth)acrylic resin
plate include a polymethyl (meth)acrylate plate, and the like.
[0162] The thickness of the lamination glass member is preferably 1
mm or more, preferably 5 mm or less, and more preferably 3 mm or
less. Moreover, when the lamination glass member is a glass plate,
the thickness of the glass plate is preferably 0.5 mm or more, more
preferably 0.7 mm or more, preferably 5 mm or less, and more
preferably 3 mm or less. When the lamination glass member is a PET
film, the thickness of the PET film is preferably 0.03 mm or more
and preferably 0.5 mm or less.
[0163] The method for producing the laminated glass is not
particularly limited. For example, the interlayer film is
sandwiched between the first lamination glass member and the second
lamination glass member, and then, passed through pressure rolls or
subjected to decompression suction in a rubber bag, so that the air
remaining between the first and the second lamination glass members
and the interlayer film is removed. Afterward, the members are
preliminarily bonded together at about 70 to 110.degree. C. to
obtain a laminate. Next, by putting the laminate into an autoclave
or by pressing the laminate, the members are press-bonded together
at about 120 to 150.degree. C. and under a pressure of 1 to 1.5
MPa. In this way, laminated glass can be obtained.
[0164] Each of the interlayer film and the laminated glass can be
used for automobiles, railway vehicles, aircraft, ships, buildings
and the like. Each of the interlayer film and the laminated glass
can also be used for applications other than these applications. It
is preferred that the interlayer film and the laminated glass be an
interlayer film and laminated glass for vehicles or for building
respectively, and it is more preferred that the interlayer film and
the laminated glass be an interlayer film and laminated glass for
vehicles respectively. Each of the interlayer film and the
laminated glass can be used for a windshield, side glass, rear
glass or roof glass of an automobile, and the like. The interlayer
film and the laminated glass are suitably used for automobiles. The
interlayer film is used for obtaining laminated glass of an
automobile.
[0165] From the viewpoint of obtaining laminated glass further
excellent in transparency, the visible light transmittance of
laminated glass is preferably 65% or more and more preferably 70%
or more. The visible light transmittance of laminated glass can be
measured in accordance with JIS R3211 (1998). It is preferred that
the visible light transmittance of laminated glass obtained by
sandwiching the interlayer film for laminated glass according to
the present invention between two sheets of green glass (heat
ray-absorbing plate glass) with a thickness of 2 mm in accordance
with JIS R3208 be 70% or more. The visible light transmittance is
more preferably 75% or more.
[0166] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more
detail with reference to examples. The present invention is not
limited only to these examples.
Example 1
[0167] Preparation of Interlayer Film:
[0168] One hundred parts by weight of a polyvinyl acetal resin
(being prepared with n-butyraldehyde, the average polymerization
degree of 1700, the content of the hydroxyl group of 30% by mole,
the acetylation degree of 1% by mole, the acetalization degree of
69% by mole), 40 parts by weight of a plasticizer (3GO), 0.2 parts
by weight of an ultraviolet ray screening agent (Tinuvin 326), and
0.2 parts by weight of an oxidation inhibitor (BHT) were mixed to
obtain a composition.
[0169] With the use of a twin screw extruder, the obtained
composition was extruded under conditions of a temperature of the
composition on extrusion of 200.degree. C. and a discharge amount
of 600 kg/hr to be formed into a film, after which the film was
rapidly cooled in a water bath at 40.degree. C. for 1 minute, and
then, taken out of the water tank and the cooled film in a state of
being applied with substantially no tensile force (in a non-tension
state) was subjected to an annealing treatment for 1 minute at
130.degree. C. to produce an interlayer film for laminated glass
with a thickness of 0.76 mm.
[0170] Preparation of Laminated Glass:
[0171] The interlayer film (0.76 mm in thickness) obtained was
arranged between two sheets of transparent float plate glass (5 cm
in longitudinal length.times.5 cm in transversal length.times.2.5
mm in thickness) and fixed by the use of a heat resistant tape so
as not to be positionally displaced to obtain a laminate. In this
connection, the laminate was prepared so that the longitudinal
direction and the MD direction of the interlayer film become
parallel to each other and the transversal direction and the TD
direction become parallel to each other.
[0172] The obtained laminate was installed in a vacuum bag and the
inside of the vacuum bag was degassed for 10 minutes at a degree of
vacuum of 933.2 hPa and at ordinary temperature (23.degree. C.).
Subsequently, the temperature inside the vacuum bag was elevated to
85.degree. C. while maintaining the degassed state, the vacuum bag
was allowed to spontaneously cool at the point of time when the
temperature reached 85.degree. C., and it was confirmed that the
temperature was lowered to 30.degree. C., after which the pressure
was released to the atmosphere.
[0173] The laminated glass preliminarily press-bonded by the
above-mentioned vacuum bag method was press-bonded for 20 minutes
under conditions of 135.degree. C. and a pressure of 1.2 MPa using
an autoclave to obtain a sheet of laminated glass.
Examples 2 to 6 and Comparative Example 1
[0174] An interlayer film and a sheet of laminated glass were
prepared in the same manner as that in Example 1 except that the
kind of each of the polyvinyl acetal resin, the plasticizer, and
the heat shielding compound, the blending amount thereof, the
condition for cooling after extrusion, and the condition for a
relaxation treatment after cooling were set to those described in
Table 1. In this connection, ITO represents indium tin oxide
particles (heat shielding particles). The heat shielding compound
in an amount that the content of the heat shielding compound in
100% by weight of the resulting interlayer film becomes a numerical
value shown in Table 1 was used.
Example 7
[0175] Preparation of Composition for Forming First Layer:
[0176] One hundred parts by weight of a polyvinyl acetal resin
(being prepared with n-butyraldehyde, the average polymerization
degree of 2300, the content of the hydroxyl group of 23% by mole,
the acetylation degree of 12% by mole, the acetalization degree of
65% by mole), a plasticizer (3GO) in an amount that the content
thereof in the resulting interlayer film becomes 40 parts by weight
relative to 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl acetal resin (an
amount that the content thereof becomes 60 parts by weight relative
to 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl acetal resin in the first
layer), 0.2 parts by weight of an ultraviolet ray screening agent
(Tinuvin 326), and 0.2 parts by weight of an oxidation inhibitor
(BHT) were mixed to obtain a composition for forming a first
layer.
[0177] Preparation of Composition for Forming Second Layer and
Third Layer:
[0178] One hundred parts by weight of a polyvinyl acetal resin (the
average polymerization degree of 1700, the content of the hydroxyl
group of 30% by mole, the acetylation degree of 1% by mole, the
acetalization degree of 69% by mole), a plasticizer (3GO) in an
amount that the content thereof in the resulting interlayer film
becomes 40 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the
polyvinyl acetal resin, 0.2 parts by weight of an ultraviolet ray
screening agent (Tinuvin 326), and 0.2 parts by weight of an
oxidation inhibitor (BHT) were mixed to obtain a composition for
forming a second layer and a third layer.
[0179] The composition for forming a first layer and the
composition for forming a second layer and a third layer were
coextruded using a coextruder. An interlayer film having a layered
structure with a stack of a second layer/a first layer/a third
layer was prepared.
[0180] A sheet of laminated glass was obtained in the same manner
as that in Example 1 except that the interlayer film obtained was
used.
Examples 8 to 16
[0181] An interlayer film and a sheet of laminated glass were
prepared in the same manner as that in Example 7 except that the
kind of each of the polyvinyl acetal resin, the plasticizer, and
the heat shielding compound, the blending amount thereof, the
condition for cooling after extrusion, and the condition for a
relaxation treatment after cooling were set to those described in
Table 2. In this connection, ITO represents indium tin oxide
particles (heat shielding particles) and Phthalocyanine represents
vanadyl phthalocyanine (a phthalocyanine compound containing a
vanadium atom). The heat shielding compound in an amount that the
content of the heat shielding compound in 100% by weight of the
resulting interlayer film becomes a numerical value shown in Table
2 was used.
[0182] (Evaluation)
[0183] (1) Birefringence Index
[0184] The interlayer film obtained was measured for the
birefringence index by the method described above.
[0185] (2) Glass Transition Temperature
[0186] The interlayer film obtained was measured for the glass
transition temperature by the method described above. The glass
transition temperature of each of the interlayer films in Examples
1 to 16 was determined to be 33.degree. C. or less and the glass
transition temperature of the interlayer film in Comparative
Example 1 was determined to be more than 33.degree. C.
[0187] (3) Positional Displacement Between Glass Plates
[0188] In the preparation of laminated glass, the respective end
parts of two glass plates were aligned at the time of being bonded
together. In the laminated glass obtained, the two glass plates
were measured for the positional displacement distance between the
respective end parts thereof in the MD direction. In Examples 1 to
16, no positional displacement occurred between the respective end
parts of two glass plates after the preparation of laminated glass,
but in Comparative Example 1, it was confirmed that the end part of
one glass plate was positionally displaced by 0.2 mm from the end
part of the other glass plate which had been fixed so as to be
aligned with the end part of the one glass plate at the time of
preparing laminated glass. In this connection, even when a nipper
roll method was used instead of a vacuum bag method at the time of
preparing laminated glass, similar results were obtained.
[0189] The details and the results are shown in the following
Tables 1 and 2.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Comparative Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
Example 1 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Polyvinyl acetal Content of
hydroxyl group mol % 30 30 30 30 30 30.5 30 resin Acetylation
degree mol % 1 1 1 1 1 1.3 1 Content Parts by 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 weight Plasticizer Kind -- 3GO 3GO 3GO 3GO 3GO 3GO 3GO
Content Parts by 40 40 40 33 40 40 40 weight Heat shielding Kind --
-- -- -- -- -- -- ITO compound Content % by -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.15
weight Production Cooling Cooling means -- Water Water Water Water
Water Water Water conditions after bath bath bath bath bath bath
bath for interlayer film extrusion Cooling .degree. C. 40 20 40 40
40 40 40 temperature Cooling time Minute 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Relaxation
Treatment mode -- Non- Tension Non- Tension Non- Non- Non-
treatment tension mode tension mode tension tension tension after
mode mode mode mode mode cooling Treatment .degree. C. 130 -- 40 40
130 50 130 temperature Treatment time Minute 1 -- 30 30 2 30 1
Birefringence index .DELTA..sub.n MDA .times.10.sup.-3 0.053 0.284
0.135 0.072 0.039 0.105 0.044 .DELTA..sub.n MDB .times.10.sup.-3
0.043 0.227 0.082 0.029 0.014 0.087 0.019 .DELTA..sub.n MDC
.times.10.sup.-3 0.036 0.272 0.118 0.065 0.024 0.077 0.027
Positional MD direction mm 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00
displacement between glass plates (vacuum bag method)
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 Example 10
Example 11 Example 12 Example 13 Example 14 Example 15 Example 16
Second and Polyvinyl Content of mol % 30 30 30 30 34 30.5 30 30
30.5 30.5 third acetal resin hydroxyl group layers Acetylation
degree mol % 1 1 1 1 1 1.3 1 1 1.3 1.3 First layer Polyvinyl
Content of mol % 23 23 23 23 25 22 23 23 23 23 acetal resin
hydroxyl group Acetylation degree mol % 12 12 12 12 12 3 12 12 6 6
Whole Polyvinyl Content Parts by 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 interlayer acetal resin weight film Plasticizer Kind -- 3GO
3GO 3GO 3GO 3GO 3GO 3GO 3GO 3GO 3GO Content Parts by 40 40 40 40 40
40 40 40 40 40 weight Heat shielding Kind 1 -- -- -- ITO ITO -- --
-- -- -- -- compound Content % by -- -- 0.15 0.15 -- -- -- -- -- --
weight Kind 2 -- -- -- -- Phthalocyanine -- -- -- -- -- -- Content
% by -- -- -- 0.01 -- -- -- -- -- -- weight Production conditions
for Cooling Cooling -- Water Water Water Water Water Water Water
Water Water Water interlayer film after means bath bath bath bath
bath bath bath bath bath bath extrusion Cooling .degree. C. 40 40
40 40 40 30 40 40 30 30 temperature Cooling time Minute 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 Relaxation Treatment -- Non- Non- Non- Non- Non- Tension
Non- Non- Tension Tension treatment mode tension tension tension
tension tension mode tension tension mode mode after mode mode mode
mode mode mode mode cooling Treatment .degree. C. 40 140 130 130 30
-- 120 110 -- -- temperature Treatment Minute 40 1 1 1 40 -- 2 3 --
-- time Birefringence index .DELTA..sub.n MDA .times.10.sup.-3
0.202 0.021 0.071 0.081 0.263 0.358 0.073 0.060 0.170 0.158
.DELTA..sub.n MDB .times.10.sup.-3 0.193 0.007 0.011 0.071 0.254
0.150 0.006 0.040 0.044 0.032 .DELTA..sub.n MDC .times.10.sup.-3
0.122 0.061 0.044 0.098 0.066 0.343 0.033 0.048 0.080 0.066
Positional displacement MD direction mm 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 betwen glass plates (vacuum bag
method)
EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS
[0190] 1: First layer [0191] 1a: First surface [0192] 1b: Second
surface [0193] 2: Second layer [0194] 2a: Outer surface [0195] 3:
Third layer [0196] 3a: Outer surface [0197] 11: Interlayer film
[0198] 11A: Interlayer film (First layer) [0199] 11a: First surface
[0200] 11b: Second surface [0201] 21: First lamination glass member
[0202] 22: Second lamination glass member [0203] 31: Laminated
glass [0204] 31A: Laminated glass
* * * * *