U.S. patent application number 15/259456 was filed with the patent office on 2018-03-08 for electrochromic rearview mirror.
The applicant listed for this patent is Licon Technologies Inc.. Invention is credited to Wen-Li Chen, Wen-Yi Chen.
Application Number | 20180065557 15/259456 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 61282408 |
Filed Date | 2018-03-08 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180065557 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Chen; Wen-Li ; et
al. |
March 8, 2018 |
Electrochromic Rearview Mirror
Abstract
An electrochromic rearview mirror contains a connection
assembly, and the connection assembly includes: a first substrate,
a first coating layer, a second coating layer, a packaging frame,
an electrochromic layer, a first conductive glue, a second
conductive glue, at least one third coating layer, at least one
fourth coating layer, and a second substrate. The first substrate
has a first face and a second face, and the second substrate has a
third face and a fourth face. The second coating layer conducts
electricity, each of the at least one fourth coating layer is fixed
on the third face, and each of the at least one third coating layer
is disposed on the third face. Furthermore, the packaging frame and
the electrochromic layer are defined among the second coating
layer, the fourth coating layer and the third coating layer.
Inventors: |
Chen; Wen-Li; (Hemei
Township, TW) ; Chen; Wen-Yi; (Hemei Township,
TW) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Licon Technologies Inc. |
Hemei Township |
|
TW |
|
|
Family ID: |
61282408 |
Appl. No.: |
15/259456 |
Filed: |
September 8, 2016 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G02F 1/157 20130101;
B60R 1/088 20130101; G02F 1/15 20130101; G02F 1/153 20130101; G02F
2201/56 20130101 |
International
Class: |
B60R 1/08 20060101
B60R001/08; G02F 1/157 20060101 G02F001/157; G02F 1/155 20060101
G02F001/155 |
Claims
1. An electrochromic rearview mirror comprising: a connection
assembly, and the connection assembly including: a first substrate,
a first coating layer, a second coating layer, a packaging frame,
an electrochromic layer, a first conductive glue, a second
conductive glue, at least one third coating layer, at least one
fourth coating layer, and a second substrate; the first substrate
being transparent, and the first substrate having a first face and
a second face, wherein the first face faces user and is viewable by
the user, and the second face is located behind the first face; the
second substrate having a third face and a fourth face, the third
face being adjacent to the second face of the first substrate; the
first coating layer being arranged on an external periphery of the
second face of the first substrate, and the first coating layer
being in a ring shape and being configured to shield the second
coating layer; the second coating layer being transparent and
mounted on the second face of the first substrate and covering the
first coating layer, wherein the second coating layer conducts
electricity; each of the at least one fourth coating layer being
made of metal material coating, and said each fourth coating layer
being fixed on and covering the third face of the second substrate,
wherein said each fourth coating layer is configured to reflect
images; each of the at least one third coating layer being disposed
on the third face of the second substrate and covering said each
fourth coating later, wherein said each third coating layer is
configured to adjust colors and conducts the electricity; the
packaging frame and the electrochromic layer being defined among
the second coating layer of the first substrate, said each fourth
coating layer and said each third coating layer of the second
substrate, wherein the packaging frame is annular and hollow, and
two side surfaces of the packing frame are closed by the second
coating layer and said each third coating layer; the electrochromic
layer producing colors or changing chroma as the electricity
conducts, wherein the electrochromic layer is arranged on a hollow
portion of the packaging frame and contacts the second coating
layer and said each third coating layer; wherein when the user
views the first face of the first substrate from the connection
assembly, a first sight line forms on the first substrate and the
first coating layer, wherein the first sight line has a b* value
(CIE L*a*b* (CIELAB, International Commission on Illumination
L*a*b*), b* value means one of opposite spatial locations of Lab
color space) and is located on an outer rim of the first substrate;
wherein when the user views the first face of the first substrate
from the connection assembly, a second sight line forms on the
first substrate, the first coating layer, the electrochromic layer,
said each third coating layer, said each fourth coating layer, and
the second substrate, wherein the second sight line has a b* value
and is less than or is equal to the b* value of the first sight
line; wherein the b* value of the first line B1 is within -2 to 0,
and the b* value of the second line B2 is within -5 to 0; wherein
the first conductive glue and the second conductive glue are
arranged on an external surface or an outer rim of the connection
assembly, the first conductive glue conducts the second coating
layer, and the second conductive glue conducts said each third
coating layer.
2. The electrochromic rearview mirror as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the at least one fourth coating layer is at least one metal
material coating layer and contains at least one oxide layer.
3. The electrochromic rearview mirror as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the first conductive glue and the second conductive glue
are respectively electrically connected with two electrodes of a
power supply.
4. The electrochromic rearview mirror as claimed in claim 1 further
comprising a casing; wherein the first substrate has a peripheral
fringe integrally arranged on the outer rim thereof, and the
peripheral fringe has at least one arcuate section, an outer rim of
the second substrate is less than the outer rim of the first
substrate, the peripheral fringe of the first substrate is located
within the first coating layer, a size of an outer rim of the
second coating layer is equal to that of the first substrate, a
size of an outer rim of said each fourth coating layer is less than
that of the first substrate, and a size of an outer rim of said
each third coating layer is less than that of the first substrate;
wherein the casing includes a first end face, a second end face,
and a receiving cavity defined in the first end face, wherein a
size of an outer rim of the casing is equal to that of the first
substrate, wherein the packaging frame, the electrochromic layer,
the first conductive glue, the second conductive glue, said each
third coating layer, said each fourth coating layer, and the second
substrate are accommodated in the receiving cavity of the casing,
wherein the first substrate, the first coating layer, and the
second coating layer are located on the first end face of the
casing.
5. An electrochromic rearview mirror comprising: a connection
assembly, and the connection assembly including: a first substrate,
a first coating layer, a second coating layer, a packaging frame,
an electrochromic layer, a first conductive glue, a second
conductive glue, at least one third coating layer, at least one
fourth coating layer, and a second substrate; the first substrate
being transparent, and the first substrate having a first face and
a second face, wherein the first face faces user and is viewable by
the user, and the second face is located behind the first face; the
second substrate having a third face and a fourth face, the third
face being adjacent to the second face of the first substrate; the
first coating layer being arranged on an external periphery of the
second face of the first substrate, and the first coating layer
being in a ring shape and being configured to shield the second
coating layer; the second coating layer being transparent and
mounted on the second face of the first substrate and covering the
first coating layer, wherein the second coating layer conducts
electricity; each of the at least one fourth coating layer being
fixed on and covering the third face of the second substrate,
wherein said each fourth coating layer is configured to adjust
colors; each of the at least one third coating layer being made of
metal material coating and being disposed on the third face of the
second substrate and covering said each fourth coating later,
wherein said each third coating layer is configured to reflect
images and to conducts the electricity; the packaging frame and the
electrochromic layer being defined among the second coating layer
of the first substrate, said each fourth coating layer and said
each third coating layer of the second substrate, wherein the
packaging frame is annular and hollow, and two side surfaces of the
packing frame are closed by the second coating layer and said each
third coating layer; the electrochromic layer producing colors or
changing chroma as the electricity conducts, wherein the
electrochromic layer is arranged on a hollow portion of the
packaging frame and contacts the second coating layer and said each
third coating layer; wherein when the user views the first face of
the first substrate from the connection assembly, a first sight
line forms on the first substrate and the first coating layer,
wherein the first sight line has a b* value (CIE L*a*b* (CIELAB,
International Commission on Illumination L*a*b*), b* value means
one of opposite spatial locations of Lab color space) and is
located on an outer rim of the first substrate; wherein when the
user views the first face of the first substrate from the
connection assembly, a second sight line forms on the first
substrate, the first coating layer, the electrochromic layer, said
each third coating layer, said each fourth coating layer, and the
second substrate, wherein the second sight line has a b* value and
is less than or is equal to the b* value of the first sight line;
wherein the b* value of the first line B1 is within -2 to 0, and
the b* value of the second line B2 is within -5 to 0; wherein the
first conductive glue and the second conductive glue are arranged
on an external surface or an outer rim of the connection assembly,
the first conductive glue conducts the second coating layer, and
the second conductive glue conducts said each third coating
layer.
6. The electrochromic rearview mirror as claimed in claim 5,
wherein the at least one fourth coating layer is at least one metal
material coating layer and contains at least one oxide layer.
7. The electrochromic rearview mirror as claimed in claim 5,
wherein the first conductive glue and the second conductive glue
are respectively electrically connected with two electrodes of a
power supply.
8. The electrochromic rearview mirror as claimed in claim 5 further
comprising a casing; wherein the first substrate has a peripheral
fringe integrally arranged on the outer rim thereof, and the
peripheral fringe has at least one arcuate section, an outer rim of
the second substrate is less than the outer rim of the first
substrate, the peripheral fringe of the first substrate is located
within the first coating layer, a size of an outer rim of the
second coating layer is equal to that of the first substrate, a
size of an outer rim of said each fourth coating layer is less than
that of the first substrate, and a size of an outer rim of said
each third coating layer is less than that of the first substrate;
wherein the casing includes a first end face, a second end face,
and a receiving cavity defined in the first end face, wherein a
size of an outer rim of the casing is equal to that of the first
substrate, wherein the packaging frame, the electrochromic layer,
the first conductive glue, the second conductive glue, said each
third coating layer, said each fourth coating layer, and the second
substrate are accommodated in the receiving cavity of the casing,
wherein the first substrate, the first coating layer, and the
second coating layer are located on the first end face of the
casing.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
[0001] The present invention relates to a rearview mirror which is
fixed on a vehicle, and more particularly to the rearview mirror
which changes colors and reflectivity by conducting electricity
after sensing lights, thus avoiding glares.
Description of the Prior Art
[0002] A conventional rearview mirror is an electrochromic rearview
mirror which changes colors and reflectivity based on using
environment, and a plastic casing covers a glass periphery of the
electrochromic rearview mirror so as to obtain aesthetics
appearance. In addition, a decoration fringe is electroplated on
the glass periphery and has a fixed color, and a color changeable
portion is arranged in the decoration fringe, so a color difference
occurs, and the decoration fringe influences an appearance of the
electrochromic rearview mirror.
[0003] Vehicle rearview mirror elements and assemblies
incorporating these elements are disclosed in WO 2004098953, a
color difference between a glass periphery and a color changeable
portion of the rearview mirror produces to influence appearance. In
addition, an opaque material 176 is coated on a first face 112a so
as to avoid light reflection on a closing element 116 (see page
32). The opaque material on the first face causes the color
difference between the glass periphery and the color changeable
portion of the rearview mirror, thereby having poor visual
effect.
[0004] The present invention has arisen to mitigate and/or obviate
the afore-described disadvantages.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] The primary objective of the present invention is to provide
an electrochromic rearview mirror which when the b* value (CIE
L*a*b* (CIELAB, International Commission on Illumination L*a*b*),
b* value means one of opposite spatial locations of Lab color
space) of the first substrate, the second coating layer, the
electrochromic layer, the third coating layer, and the fourth
coating layer is less than or is equal to the b* value of the first
substrate and the second coating layer, a visible color difference
reduces between the outer rim and interior of the first substrate
from the first face of the first substrate.
[0006] Another objective of the present invention is to provide an
electrochromic rearview mirror which has aesthetics appearance and
its thickness is thin.
[0007] An electrochromic rearview mirror provided by the present
invention contains a connection assembly, and the connection
assembly includes: a first substrate, a first coating layer, a
second coating layer, a packaging frame, an electrochromic layer, a
first conductive glue, a second conductive glue, at least one third
coating layer, at least one fourth coating layer, and a second
substrate.
[0008] The first substrate is transparent, and the first substrate
has a first face and a second face, wherein the first face faces
user and is viewable by the user, and the second face is located
behind the first face.
[0009] The second substrate has a third face and a fourth face, and
the third face is adjacent to the second face of the first
substrate.
[0010] The first coating layer is arranged on an external periphery
of the second face of the first substrate, and the first coating
layer is in a ring shape and is configured to shield the second
coating layer.
[0011] The second coating layer is transparent and is mounted on
the second face of the first substrate and covers the first coating
layer, wherein the second coating layer conducts electricity.
[0012] Each of the at least one fourth coating layer is made of
metal material, and said each fourth coating layer is fixed on and
coves the third face of the second substrate, wherein the fourth
coating layer is configured to reflect images.
[0013] Each of the at least one third coating layer is disposed on
the third face of the second substrate and covers the fourth
coating later, wherein said each third coating layer is configured
to adjust colors and conducts the electricity.
[0014] The packaging frame and the electrochromic layer are defined
among the second coating layer of the first substrate, and the
fourth coating layer and the third coating layer of the second
substrate, wherein the packaging frame is annular and hollow, and
two side surfaces of the packing frame are closed by the second
coating layer and the third coating layer.
[0015] The electrochromic layer produces colors or changes chroma
as the electricity conducts, wherein the electrochromic layer is
arranged on a hollow portion of the packaging frame and contacts
the second coating layer and the third coating layer.
[0016] When the user views the first face of the first substrate
from the connection assembly, a first sight line forms on the first
substrate and the first coating layer, wherein the first sight line
has a b* value and is located on the outer rim of the first
substrate.
[0017] When the user views the first face of the first substrate
from the connection assembly, a second sight line forms on the
first substrate, the first coating layer, the electrochromic layer,
the third coating layer, the fourth coating layer, and the second
substrate, wherein the second sight line has a b* value and is less
than or is equal to the b* value of the first sight line.
[0018] The b* value of the first line is within -2 to 0, and the b*
value of the second line is within -5 to 0.
[0019] The first conductive glue and the second conductive glue are
arranged on an external surface or an outer rim of the connection
assembly, the first conductive glue conducts the second coating
layer, and the second conductive glue conducts the third coating
layer.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the exploded components
of an electrochromic rearview mirror in accordance with a first
embodiment of the present invention.
[0021] FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view showing the assembly of the
electrochromic rearview mirror in accordance with the preferred
embodiment of the present invention.
[0022] FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view showing the assembly of an
electrochromic rearview mirror in accordance with a second
embodiment of the present invention.
[0023] FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view showing the assembly of an
electrochromic rearview mirror in accordance with a third
embodiment of the present invention.
[0024] FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view showing the assembly of an
electrochromic rearview mirror in accordance with a fourth
embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0025] The present invention will be clearer from the following
description when viewed together with the accompanying drawings,
which show, for purpose of illustrations only, the preferred
embodiment in accordance with the present invention.
[0026] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, an electrochromic rearview
mirror according to a first embodiment of the present invention
comprises a connection assembly 10, and the connection assembly 10
includes: a first substrate 11, a first coating layer 12, a second
coating layer 13, a packaging frame 14, an electrochromic layer 15,
a first conductive glue 16, a second conductive glue 160, at least
one third coating layer 17, at least one fourth coating layer 18,
and a second substrate 19.
[0027] The first substrate 11 is transparent (i.e., the first
substrate 11 is made of glass or acrylic), and the first substrate
11 has a first face 111 and a second face 112, wherein the first
face 111 faces user and is viewable by the user, and the second
face 112 is located behind the first face 111. In addition, the
first substrate 11 has a peripheral fringe 113 integrally arranged
on an outer rim thereof, and the peripheral fringe 113 has at least
one arcuate section.
[0028] The second substrate 19 has a third face 191 and a fourth
face 192, the third face 191 is adjacent to the second face 112 of
the first substrate 11, and an outer rim of the second substrate 19
is less than the outer rim of the first substrate 11.
[0029] The first coating layer 12 is arranged on an external
periphery of the second face 112 of the first substrate 11, and the
first coating layer 12 is in a ring shape and is configured to
shield the second coating layer 13, wherein the peripheral fringe
113 of the first substrate 11 is located within the first coating
layer 12.
[0030] The second coating layer 13 is transparent and is mounted on
the second face 112 of the first substrate 11 and covers the first
coating layer 12, wherein a size of an outer rim of the second
coating layer 13 is equal to that of the first substrate 11.
[0031] Each of the at least one fourth coating layer 18 is made of
metal material coating layer, such as silver, chromium or chromium
alloy, and contains at least one oxide layer, and a number of the
at least one fourth coating layer 18 is one or more than one. In
this embodiment, a fourth coating layer 18 is fixed on and covers
the third face 191 of the second substrate 19, wherein the fourth
coating layer 18 is configured to reflect images, and a size of an
outer rim of the fourth coating layer 18 is less than that of the
first substrate 11.
[0032] Each of the at least one third coating layer 17 is disposed
on the third face 191 of the second substrate 19 and covers the
fourth coating later 18, wherein said each third coating layer 17
is configured to adjust colors, and a size of an outer rim of the
third coating layer 17 is less than that of the first substrate 11.
In another embodiment, the fourth coating layer 18 is configured to
adjust the colors, and the third coating layer 17 is configured to
reflect the images.
[0033] The packaging frame 14 and the electrochromic layer 15 are
defined among the second coating layer 13 of the first substrate
11, the fourth coating layer 18 and the third coating layer 17 of
the second substrate 19, wherein the packaging frame 14 is
comprised of multiple binders 141 and multiple glass balls 142,
each of the multiple glass balls 142 is configured to define an
accommodation space between the first substrate 11 and the second
substrate 19 so as to house the electrochromic layer 15, and a size
of an outer rim of the packaging frame 14 is less than that of the
first substrate 11.
[0034] The packaging frame 14 is annular and hollow, and two side
surfaces of the packing frame 14 are closed by the second coating
layer 13 and the third coating layer 17, wherein the second coating
layer 13 and the third coating layer 17 conduct electricity, and
the packing frame 14 includes a cutout 143 defined on an outer rim
thereof.
[0035] The electrochromic layer 15 is liquid or colloidal and
produces the colors or changes chroma as electricity conducts,
wherein the electrochromic layer 15 is arranged on a hollow portion
of the packaging frame 14 and contacts the second coating layer 13
and the third coating layer 17, the electrochromic layer 15 is fed
into the cutout 143 of the packaging frame 14 and fills with the
hollow portion of the packing frame 14, and the cutout 143 is
solidified and is closed by adding the multiple binders 141 so as
to avoid leakage of the electrochromic layer 15.
[0036] When the user views the first face 111 of the first
substrate 11 from the connection assembly 10, a first sight line B1
forms on the first substrate 11 and the first coating layer 12,
wherein the first sight line B1 has a b* value (CIE L*a*b* (CIELAB,
International Commission on Illumination L*a*b*), b* value means
one of opposite spatial locations of Lab color space) and is
located on the outer rim of the first substrate 11.
[0037] When the user views the first face 111 of the first
substrate 11 from the connection assembly 10, a second sight line
B2 forms on the first substrate 11, the first coating layer 12, the
electrochromic layer 15, the third coating layer 17, the fourth
coating layer 18, and the second substrate 19, wherein the second
sight line B2 has a b* value and is less than or is equal to the b*
value of the first sight line B1.
[0038] CIE L*a*b* (CIELAB) represents a visible color mode viewed
by human eyes, the b* value means one of opposite spatial locations
of Lab colors, wherein L*, a*, and b* respectively represent
three-dimensional coordinate positions of the colors and
brightness, L* value means one of opposite spatial locations of Lab
colors denotes the brightness (L*, L*=0 black generation, and
L*=100 white indication), a* is a position of red color or between
red color and green color (when a* value is negative, it represents
the green color, and when a* value is positive, it means the red
color), b* is a position between yellow color and blue color (when
b* value is negative, it represents the blue color, and when b*
value is positive, it means the yellow color).
[0039] The b* value of the first line B1 is within -2 to 0, and the
b* value of the second line B2 is within -5 to 0.
[0040] The first conductive glue 16 and the second conductive glue
160 are arranged on an external surface or an outer rim of the
connection assembly 10, the first conductive glue 16 conducts the
second coating layer 13, the second conductive glue 160 conducts
the third coating layer 17, wherein the first conductive glue 16
and the second conductive glue 160 are respectively electrically
connected with two electrodes of a power supply (not shown).
[0041] Referring to FIG. 2, the first conductive glue 16 and the
second conductive glue 160 are arranged on the outer rim of the
connection assembly 10, and the first conductive glue 16 conducts
and contacts the second coating layer 13, and the second conductive
glue 160 conducts and contacts the third coating layer 17.
[0042] As shown in FIG. 3, the electrochromic rearview mirror
further comprises a casing 20, wherein the casing 20 includes a
first end face 21, a second end face 22, and a receiving cavity 23
defined in the first end face 21, wherein a size of an outer rim of
the casing 20 is equal to that of the first substrate 11, wherein
the packaging frame 14, the electrochromic layer 15, the first
conductive glue 16, the second conductive glue 160, the third
coating layer 17, the fourth coating layer 18, and the second
substrate 19 are accommodated in the receiving cavity 23 of the
casing 20. The first substrate 11, the first coating layer 12, and
the second coating layer are located on the first end face 21 of
the casing 20.
[0043] The packing frame 14, the first conductive glue 16, the
second conductive glue 160, and the first end face 21 of the casing
20 are located behind the first coating layer 12 on the outer rim
of the first substrate 11, such that the user cannot view the
images from the first face 111 of the connection assembly 10 along
the first sight line B1 or the second sight line B2. In other
words, the first face 111 and the peripheral fringe 113 of the
first substrate 11 are visible and reflect the images.
[0044] As illustrated in FIG. 4, the first conductive glue 16 and
the second conductive glue 160 are arranged on the outer rim of the
connection assembly 10, and the first conductive glue 16 conducts
and contacts the second coating layer 13, the third coating layer
17, the fourth coating layer 18, and the outer rim of the second
substrate 19, wherein the first conductive glue 16 contacts an
inner surface of the third coating layer 17 and an inner surface of
the fourth coating layer 18, such that a first insulation space 16A
is defined between the third coating layer 17 and the fourth
coating layer 18 by using laser, and the first conductive glue 16
isolates from the third coating layer 17 and the fourth coating
layer 18, hence the first conductive glue 16 adheres the second
coating layer 13, the electrochromic layer 15, the third coating
layer 17, the fourth coating layer 18, and the second substrate 19
securely.
[0045] The second conductive glue 160 contacts and conducts the
outer rim of the third coating layer 17 and the outer rim of the
second coating layer 13, wherein the second conductive glue 160
contacts an inner surface of the second coating layer 13 so as to
define a second insulation space 16B by using the laser, and the
second conductive glue 160 isolates from the second coating layer
13.
[0046] With reference to FIG. 5, the first conductive glue 16 and
the second conductive glue 160 are arranged on the outer rim of the
connection assembly 10, and the first conductive glue 16 contacts
and conducts the outer rims of the second coating layer 13, the
third coating layer 17, the fourth coating layer 18, and the second
substrate 19, wherein the first conductive glue 16 contacts the
inner surface of the third coating layer 17 and the inner surface
of the fourth coating layer 18, such that a first insulation space
16A is defined between the third coating layer 17 and the fourth
coating layer 18 by using the laser, and the first conductive glue
16 isolates from the third coating layer 17 and the fourth coating
layer 18, hence the first conductive glue 16 adheres the second
coating layer 13, the electrochromic layer 15, the third coating
layer 17, the fourth coating layer 18, and the second substrate 19
securely.
[0047] The second conductive glue 160 contacts and conducts the
outer rim of the electrochromic layer 15 and the outer rim of the
second coating layer 13, and between the second conductive glue 160
and the second coating layer 13 is defined an isolation layer 16C
so that the second conductive glue 160 contacts and isolates from
the second coating layer 13.
[0048] Thereby, when the b* value of the first substrate 11, the
second coating layer 13, the electrochromic layer 15, the third
coating layer 17, and the fourth coating layer 18 is less than or
is equal to the b* value of the first substrate 11 and the second
coating layer 13, a visible color difference produces between the
outer rim and interior of the first substrate 11 from the first
face 111 of the first substrate 11. Preferably, the electrochromic
rearview mirror has aesthetics appearance and its thickness is
thin, and the peripheral fringe 113 is integrally formed on the
outer rim of the first substrate 11, hence a protective frame
covering a peripheral side of the electrochromic rearview mirror is
not required so as to obtain large refection area.
[0049] While we have shown and described various embodiments in
accordance with the present invention, it is clear to those skilled
in the art that further embodiments may be made without departing
from the scope of the present invention.
* * * * *