U.S. patent application number 15/801448 was filed with the patent office on 2018-03-01 for alkyloxy substituted thiazoloquinolines and thiazolonaphthyridines.
The applicant listed for this patent is 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY. Invention is credited to PHILIP D. HEPPNER, TUSHAR A. KSHIRSAGAR, KARL J. MANSKE, BRYON A. MERRILL, RYAN B. PRINCE, MICHAEL J. RICE, JOSHUA R. WURST.
Application Number | 20180057509 15/801448 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 36793669 |
Filed Date | 2018-03-01 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180057509 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
PRINCE; RYAN B. ; et
al. |
March 1, 2018 |
ALKYLOXY SUBSTITUTED THIAZOLOQUINOLINES AND
THIAZOLONAPHTHYRIDINES
Abstract
Thiazoloquinolines and thiazolonaphthyridines with an alkoxy
substituent at the 6, 7, 8, or 9-position, pharmaceutical
compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, methods of
making and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators,
for inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment
of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases are
disclosed.
Inventors: |
PRINCE; RYAN B.; (ST. PAUL,
MN) ; MERRILL; BRYON A.; (RIVER FALLS, WI) ;
HEPPNER; PHILIP D.; (FOREST LAKE, MN) ; KSHIRSAGAR;
TUSHAR A.; (WOODBURY, MN) ; WURST; JOSHUA R.;
(NORTH ST. PAUL, MN) ; MANSKE; KARL J.; (ST.
ANTHONY, MN) ; RICE; MICHAEL J.; (WOODBURY,
MN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY |
SAINT PAUL |
MN |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
36793669 |
Appl. No.: |
15/801448 |
Filed: |
November 2, 2017 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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15375316 |
Dec 12, 2016 |
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15801448 |
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14732815 |
Jun 8, 2015 |
9546184 |
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15375316 |
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11884052 |
Aug 13, 2008 |
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PCT/US2006/004391 |
Feb 8, 2006 |
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14732815 |
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60651585 |
Feb 9, 2005 |
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60733036 |
Nov 3, 2005 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07D 519/00 20130101;
A61P 37/02 20180101; A61P 35/00 20180101; A61P 43/00 20180101; A61P
31/12 20180101; C07D 513/04 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C07D 513/04 20060101
C07D513/04; C07D 519/00 20060101 C07D519/00 |
Claims
1-41. (canceled)
42. A compound of Formula I: ##STR00293## wherein: R.sub.A and
R.sub.B taken together form a fused benzene ring or fused pyridine
ring wherein the benzene ring or pyridine ring is substituted by
one --O--R.sub.3 group, or substituted by both one --O--R.sub.3
group and one R group; R.sub.3 is selected from the group
consisting of: --Z--Y--R.sub.4, --Z--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4,
--Z--Y--X--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, --Z--R.sub.5, --Z-Het,
--Z-Het'-R.sub.4, and --Z-Het'-Y--R.sub.4; R is selected from the
group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, halogen, and
trifluoromethyl; R'' is selected from the group consisting of
--R.sub.4, --X--Y'--R.sub.4, and --X--R.sub.5'; wherein Y' is
selected from the group consisting of: --O--, --S(O).sub.0-2--,
--S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--O--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--, --O--C(O)--O--, --N(R.sub.8)-Q-,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--, ##STR00294## and R.sub.5' is selected
from the group consisting of: ##STR00295## Z is selected from the
group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene, wherein
alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene can be optionally interrupted
with one or more --O-- groups; Y is selected from the group
consisting of: --S(O).sub.0-2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--O--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
--O--C(O)--O--, --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--,
--O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-, --O--N'C(R.sub.4)--, --C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.8)--,
--CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--, ##STR00296## Het is
heterocyclyl which can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or
more substituents independently selected from the group consisting
of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy,
hydroxyalkyl, cyano, hydroxyalkyleneoxyalkylenyl, amino,
alkylamino, dialkylamino, and oxo; Het' is heterocyclylene which
can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents
independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy,
haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl,
cyano, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and oxo; X is selected from
the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene,
heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene wherein the alkylene,
alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be optionally interrupted or
terminated with arylene, heteroarylene, or heterocyclylene, and
optionally interrupted by one or more --O-- groups; R.sub.4 is
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl,
heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl,
alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl wherein the alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl,
heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl,
alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted
or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected
from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl,
haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano,
aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy,
heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino,
dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo; R.sub.5 is selected from
the group consisting of: ##STR00297## R.sub.6 is selected from the
group consisting of .dbd.O and .dbd.S; R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-7
alkylene; R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl,
and heteroarylalkylenyl; R.sub.9 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8 alkylene; A
is selected from the group consisting of --O--, --CH.sub.2--,
--C(O)--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, and --N(R.sub.4)--; A' is selected from
the group consisting of --O--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--,
and --CH.sub.2--; Q is selected from the group consisting of a
bond, --C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, and --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--; V is selected
from the group consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
--N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and --S(O).sub.2--; W is selected from
the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--, and --S(O).sub.2--; and a
and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that
a+b is .ltoreq.7; with the proviso that Z can also be a bond when:
R.sub.3 is --Z-Het, --Z-Het'-R.sub.4, or --Z-Het'-Y--R.sub.4, and Z
is attached to an atom other than N in Het or Het; or R.sub.3 is
--Z--Y--R.sub.4, --Z--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, or
--Z--Y--X--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, and the Y group bonded to Z is
--S(O).sub.2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, ##STR00298## wherein
V is --C(R.sub.6)-- or --S(O).sub.2--, or ##STR00299## or R.sub.3
is --Z--R.sub.5, and R.sub.5 is ##STR00300## wherein V is
--C(R.sub.6)-- or --S(O).sub.2--, or ##STR00301## or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and further wherein
Formula I is Formula II: ##STR00302## wherein: R.sub.3 is selected
from the group consisting of: --Z--Y--R.sub.4,
--Z--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, --Z--Y--X--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, --Z--R.sub.5,
--Z-Het, --Z-Het'-R.sub.4, and --Z-Het'-Y--R.sub.4; R is selected
from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, halogen, and
trifluoromethyl; n is 0 or 1; R.sub.2 is selected from the group
consisting of: --R.sub.4, --X--R.sub.4, --X--Y'--R.sub.4, and
--X--R.sub.5'; Z is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, and alkynylene, wherein alkylene, alkenylene, and
alkynylene can be optionally interrupted with one or more --O--
groups; Y is selected from the group consisting of:
--S(O).sub.0-2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--, --O--C(O)--O--,
--N(R.sub.8)-Q-, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--,
--O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-, --O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--,
--C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.8)--, --CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--,
##STR00303## Het is heterocyclyl which can be unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from
the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy,
halogen, nitro, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano,
hydroxyalkyleneoxyalkylenyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and
oxo; Het' is heterocyclylene which can be unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from
the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy,
halogen, nitro, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano, amino, alkylamino,
dialkylamino, and oxo; X is selected from the group consisting of
alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and
heterocyclylene wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene
groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated with arylene,
heteroarylene, or heterocyclylene, and optionally interrupted by
one or more --O-- groups; Y' is selected from the group consisting
of: --O--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--O--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
--O--C(O)--O--, --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--,
##STR00304## R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro,
hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy,
heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl,
amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in
the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo; R.sub.5
is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR00305## R.sub.5' is
selected from the group consisting of: ##STR00306## R.sub.6 is
selected from the group consisting of .dbd.O and .dbd.S; R.sub.7 is
C.sub.2-7 alkylene; R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting
of hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, alkoxyalkylenyl,
arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl; R.sub.9 is selected from
the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8
alkylene; A is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--CH.sub.2--, --C(O)--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, and --N(R.sub.4)--; A' is
selected from the group consisting of --O--, --S(O).sub.0-2--,
--N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, and --CH.sub.2--; Q is selected from the group
consisting of a bond, --C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--,
--S(O).sub.2--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--,
--S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--O--, and
--C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--; V is selected from the group
consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
--N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and --S(O).sub.2--; W is selected from
the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--, and --S(O).sub.2--; and a
and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that
a+b is .ltoreq.7; with the proviso that Z can also be a bond when:
R.sub.3 is --Z-Het, --Z-Het'-R.sub.4, or --Z-Het'-Y--R.sub.4, and Z
is attached to an atom other than N in Het or Het; or R.sub.3 is
--Z--Y--R.sub.4, --Z--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, or
--Z--Y--X--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, and the Y group bonded to Z is
--S(O).sub.2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, ##STR00307## wherein
V is --C(R.sub.6)-- or --S(O).sub.2--, or ##STR00308## or R.sub.3
is --Z--R.sub.5, and R.sub.5 is ##STR00309## wherein V is
--C(R.sub.6)-- or --S(O).sub.2--, or ##STR00310## or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
43. The compound or salt of claim 42 wherein R.sub.3 is
--Z--R.sub.5.
44. The compound or salt of claim 42 wherein R.sub.3 is --Z-Het or
--Z-Het'-R.sub.4.
45. The compound or salt of claim 42 wherein R.sub.3 is
--Z-Het'-Y--R.sub.4.
46. The compound or salt of claim 42 wherein Z is alkylene
optionally interrupted with one or more --O-- groups.
47. The compound or salt of claim 42 wherein Z is a bond.
48. The compound or salt of claim 42 wherein --O--R.sub.3 is at the
7-position.
49. A compound of the Formula X: ##STR00311## wherein: R is
selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy,
halogen, and trifluoromethyl; n is 0 or 1; R.sub.2 is selected from
the group consisting of: --R.sub.4, --X--R.sub.4, --X--Y'--R.sub.4,
and --X--R.sub.5'; Z is selected from the group consisting of
alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene, wherein alkylene, alkenylene,
and alkynylene can be optionally interrupted with one or more --O--
groups; X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene
wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be
optionally interrupted or terminated with arylene, heteroarylene,
or heterocyclylene, and optionally interrupted by one or more --O--
groups; Y' is selected from the group consisting of: --O--,
--S(O).sub.0-2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--, --O--C(O)--O--,
--N(R.sub.8)-Q-, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--,
##STR00312## R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro,
hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy,
heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl,
amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in
the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
R.sub.5' is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR00313##
R.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of .dbd.O and .dbd.S;
R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-7 alkylene; R.sub.8 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, alkoxyalkylenyl,
arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl; R.sub.9 is selected from
the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8
alkylene; A is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--CH.sub.2--, --C(O)--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, and --N(R.sub.4)--; Q is
selected from the group consisting of a bond, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, and --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--; V is selected
from the group consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
--N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and --S(O).sub.2--; W is selected from
the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--, and --S(O).sub.2--; and a
and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that
a+b is .ltoreq.7; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present invention claims priority to U.S. Provisional
Application Ser. No. 60/651585, filed Feb. 9, 2005, and U.S.
Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/733036, filed Nov. 3, 2005,
both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Certain compounds have been found to be useful as immune
response modifiers (IRMs), rendering them useful in the treatment
of a variety of disorders. However, there continues to be interest
in and a need for compounds that have the ability to modulate the
immune response, by induction of cytokine biosynthesis or other
mechanisms.
SUMMARY
[0003] The present invention provides a new class of compounds that
are useful in inducing cytokine biosynthesis in animals. Such
compounds are of the following Formula I:
##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.A, R.sub.B, and R'' are as defined below.
[0004] disease in an animal by administering an effective amount of
a compound of Formula I to the animal.
[0005] In addition, methods of synthesizing compounds of Formula
The compounds of Formula I are useful as immune response modifiers
due to their ability to induce cytokine biosynthesis (e.g., induces
the synthesis of at least one cytokine) and otherwise modulate the
immune response when administered to animals. This makes the
compounds useful in the treatment of a variety of conditions such
as viral diseases and tumors that are responsive to such changes in
the immune response.
[0006] The invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions
containing an effective amount of a compound of Formula I and
methods of inducing cytokine biosynthesis in an animal, treating a
viral infection or disease and/or treating a neoplastic I and
intermediates useful in the synthesis of these compounds are
provided.
[0007] As used herein, "a", "an", "the", "at least one", and "one
or more" are used interchangeably.
[0008] The terms "comprises" and variations thereof do not have a
limiting meaning where these terms appear in the description and
claims.
[0009] The above summary of the present invention is not intended
to describe each disclosed embodiment or every implementation of
the present invention. The description that follows more
particularly exemplifies illustrative embodiments. In several
places throughout the description, guidance is provided through
lists of examples, which examples can be used in various
combinations. In each instance, the recited list serves only as a
representative group and should not be interpreted as an exclusive
list.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS OF THE
INVENTION
[0010] The present invention provides compounds of the following
Formulas I through VII:
##STR00002##
as well as intermediates of the following Formulas X through
XIII:
##STR00003##
wherein R.sub.A, R.sub.B, R'', R, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, n, G, and Z are
as defined below.
[0011] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a compound
of Formula I:
##STR00004##
wherein:
[0012] R.sub.A and R.sub.B taken together form a fused benzene ring
or fused pyridine ring wherein the benzene ring or pyridine ring is
substituted by one --O--R.sub.3 group, or substituted by one
--O--R.sub.3 group and one R group;
[0013] R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of: [0014]
--Z--Y--R.sub.4, [0015] --Z--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, [0016]
--Z--Y--X--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, [0017] --Z-Het, [0018]
--Z-Het'-R.sub.4, and [0019] --Z-Het'-Y--R.sub.4;
[0020] R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy,
hydroxy, halogen, and trifluoromethyl;
[0021] R'' is hydrogen or a non-interfering substituent;
[0022] Z is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, and alkynylene, wherein alkylene, alkenylene, and
alkynylene can be optionally interrupted with one or more --O--
groups;
[0023] Y is selected from the group consisting of: [0024]
--S(O).sub.0-2--, [0025] --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, [0026]
--C(R.sub.6)--, [0027] --C(R.sub.6)--O--, [0028] --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
[0029] --O--C(O)--O--, [0030] --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, [0031]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0032] --O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0033] --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--, [0034] --O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-,
[0035] --O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--, [0036] --C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.8)--,
[0037] --CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--,
##STR00005##
[0038] Het is heterocyclyl which can be unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from
the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy,
halogen, nitro, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano,
hydroxyalkyleneoxyalkylenyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and
oxo;
[0039] Het' is heterocyclylene which can be unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from
the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy,
halogen, nitro, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano, amino, alkylamino,
dialkylamino, and oxo;
[0040] X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene
wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be
optionally interrupted or terminated with arylene, heteroarylene,
or heterocyclylene, and optionally interrupted by one or more --O--
groups;
[0041] R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl,
alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro,
hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy,
heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl,
amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in
the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
[0042] R.sub.5 is selected from the group consisting of:
##STR00006##
[0043] R.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of .dbd.O and
.dbd.S;
[0044] R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-7 alkylene;
[0045] R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and
heteroarylalkylenyl;
[0046] R.sub.9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen
and alkyl;
[0047] R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8 alkylene;
[0048] A is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--CH.sub.2--, --C(O)--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, and --N(R.sub.4)--;
[0049] A' is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--S(O).sub.0-2--, --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, and --CH.sub.2--;
[0050] Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, and --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--;
[0051] V is selected from the group consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--, --N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and
--S(O).sub.2--;
[0052] W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--,
and --S(O).sub.2--; and
[0053] a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the
proviso that a+b is .ltoreq.7;
[0054] with the proviso that Z can also be a bond when: [0055]
R.sub.3 is --Z-Het, --Z-Het'-R.sub.4, or --Z-Het'-Y--R.sub.4, and Z
is attached to an atom other than N in Het or Het'; or [0056]
R.sub.3 is --Z--Y--R.sub.4, --Z--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, or
--Z--Y--X--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, and the Y group bonded to Z is
--S(O).sub.2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
##STR00007##
[0056] wherein V is --C(R.sub.6)-- or --S(O).sub.2--, or
##STR00008##
or [0057] R.sub.3 is --Z--R.sub.5, and R.sub.5 is
##STR00009##
[0057] wherein V is --C(R.sub.6)-- or --S(O).sub.2--, or
##STR00010##
and
[0058] with the further proviso that Y can also be --O-- when:
[0059] Y is bonded to R.sub.4, and R.sub.4 is selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein aryl
and heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents; or [0060] Y is bonded to Z and X, and X is arylene or
heteroarylene; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0061] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a compound
of Formula II:
##STR00011##
wherein:
[0062] R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of: [0063]
--Z--Y--R.sub.4, [0064] --Z--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, [0065]
--Z--Y--X--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, [0066] --Z--R.sub.5, [0067] --Z-Het,
[0068] --Z-Het'-R.sub.4, and [0069] --Z-Het'-Y--R.sub.4;
[0070] R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy,
hydroxy, halogen, and trifluoromethyl;
[0071] n is 0 or 1;
[0072] R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of: [0073]
--R.sub.4, [0074] --X--R.sub.4, [0075] --X--Y'--R.sub.4, and [0076]
--X--R.sub.5';
[0077] Z is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, and alkynylene, wherein alkylene, alkenylene, and
alkynylene can be optionally interrupted with one or more --O--
groups;
[0078] Y is selected from the group consisting of: [0079]
--S(O).sub.0-2--, [0080] --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, [0081]
--C(R.sub.6)--, [0082] --C(R.sub.6)--O--, [0083] --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
[0084] --O--C(O)--O--, [0085] --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, [0086]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0087] --O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0088] --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--, [0089] --O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-,
[0090] --O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--, [0091] --C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.8)--,
[0092] --CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--,
##STR00012##
[0093] Het is heterocyclyl which can be unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from
the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy,
halogen, nitro, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano,
hydroxyalkyleneoxyalkylenyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and
oxo;
[0094] Het' is heterocyclylene which can be unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from
the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy,
halogen, nitro, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano, amino, alkylamino,
dialkylamino, and oxo;
[0095] X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene
wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be
optionally interrupted or terminated with arylene, heteroarylene,
or heterocyclylene, and optionally interrupted by one or more --O--
groups;
[0096] Y' is selected from the group consisting of: [0097] --O--,
[0098] --S(O).sub.0-2--, [0099] --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, [0100]
--C(R.sub.6)--, [0101] --C(R.sub.6)--O--, [0102] --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
[0103] --O--C(O)--O--, [0104] --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, [0105]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0106] --O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0107] --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--,
##STR00013##
[0108] R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl,
alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro,
hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy,
heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl,
amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in
the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
[0109] R.sub.5 is selected from the group consisting of:
##STR00014##
[0110] R.sub.5' is selected from the group consisting of:
##STR00015##
[0111] R.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of .dbd.O and
.dbd.S;
[0112] R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-7 alkylene;
[0113] R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and
heteroarylalkylenyl;
[0114] R.sub.9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen
and alkyl;
[0115] R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8 alkylene;
[0116] A is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--CH.sub.2--, --C(O)--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, and --N(R.sub.4)--;
[0117] A' is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--S(O).sub.0-2--, --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, and --CH.sub.2--;
[0118] Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, and --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--;
[0119] V is selected from the group consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--, --N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and
S(O).sub.2--;
[0120] W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--,
and --S(O).sub.2--; and
[0121] a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the
proviso that a+b is .ltoreq.7;
[0122] with the proviso that Z can also be a bond when: [0123]
R.sub.3 is --Z-Het, --Z-Het'-R.sub.4, or --Z-Het'-Y--R.sub.4, and Z
is attached to an atom other than N in Het or Het'; or [0124]
R.sub.3 is --Z--Y--R.sub.4, --Z--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, or
--Z--Y--X--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, and the Y group bonded to Z is
--S(O).sub.2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
##STR00016##
[0124] wherein V is --C(R.sub.6)-- or --S(O).sub.2--, or
##STR00017##
or [0125] R.sub.3 is --Z--R.sub.5, and R.sub.5 is
##STR00018##
[0125] wherein V is --C(R.sub.6)--or --S(O).sub.2--, or
##STR00019##
and
[0126] with the further proviso that Y can also be --O-- when:
[0127] Y is bonded to R.sub.4, and R.sub.4 is selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein aryl
and heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents; or [0128] Y is bonded to Z and X, and X is arylene or
heteroarylene; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0129] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a compound
selected from the group consisting Formulas III, IV, V, and VI:
##STR00020##
wherein:
[0130] R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of: [0131]
--Z--Y--R.sub.4, [0132] --Z--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, [0133]
--Z--Y--X--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, [0134] --Z--R.sub.5, [0135] --Z-Het,
[0136] --Z-Het'-R.sub.4, and [0137] --Z-Het'-Y--R.sub.4;
[0138] R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy,
hydroxy, halogen, and trifluoromethyl;
[0139] n is 0 or 1;
[0140] R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of: [0141]
--R.sub.4, [0142] --X--R.sub.4, [0143] --X--Y'--R.sub.4, and [0144]
--X--R.sub.5';
[0145] Z is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, and alkynylene, wherein alkylene, alkenylene, and
alkynylene can be optionally interrupted with one or more --O--
groups;
[0146] Y is selected from the group consisting of: [0147]
--S(O).sub.0-2--, [0148] --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, [0149]
--C(R.sub.6)--, [0150] --C(R.sub.6)--O--, [0151] --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
[0152] --O--C(O)--O--, [0153] --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, [0154]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0155] --O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0156] --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--, [0157] --O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-,
[0158] --O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--, [0159] --C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.8)--,
[0160] --CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--,
##STR00021##
[0161] Het is heterocyclyl which can be unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from
the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy,
halogen, nitro, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano,
hydroxyalkyleneoxyalkylenyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and
oxo;
[0162] Het' is heterocyclylene which can be unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from
the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy,
halogen, nitro, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano, amino, alkylamino,
dialkylamino, and oxo;
[0163] X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene
wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be
optionally interrupted or terminated with arylene, heteroarylene,
or heterocyclylene, and optionally interrupted by one or more --O--
groups;
[0164] Y' is selected from the group consisting of: [0165] --O--,
[0166] --S(O).sub.0-2--, [0167] --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, [0168]
--C(R.sub.6)--, [0169] --C(R.sub.6)--O--, [0170] --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
[0171] --O--C(O)--O--, [0172] --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, [0173]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0174] --O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0175] --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--,
##STR00022##
[0176] R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl,
alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro,
hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy,
heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl,
amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in
the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
[0177] R.sub.5 is selected from the group consisting of:
##STR00023##
[0178] R.sub.5' is selected from the group consisting of:
##STR00024##
[0179] R.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of .dbd.O and
.dbd.S;
[0180] R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-7 alkylene;
[0181] R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and
heteroarylalkylenyl;
[0182] R.sub.9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen
and alkyl;
[0183] R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8 alkylene;
[0184] A is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--CH.sub.2--, --C(O)--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, and --N(R.sub.4)--;
[0185] A' is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--S(O).sub.0-2--, --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, and --CH.sub.2--;
[0186] Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, and --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--;
[0187] V is selected from the group consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--, --N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and
--S(O).sub.2--;
[0188] W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--,
and --S(O).sub.2--; and
[0189] a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the
proviso that a+b is .ltoreq.7;
[0190] with the proviso that Z can also be a bond when: [0191]
R.sub.3 is --Z-Het, --Z-Het'-R.sub.4, or --Z-Het'-Y--R.sub.4, and Z
is attached to an atom other than N in Het or Het'; or [0192]
R.sub.3 is --Z--Y--R.sub.4, --Z--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, or
--Z--Y--X--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, and the Y group bonded to Z is
--S(O).sub.2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
##STR00025##
[0192] wherein V is --C(R.sub.6)-- or --S(O).sub.2--, or
##STR00026##
or [0193] R.sub.3 is --Z--R.sub.5, and R.sub.5 is
##STR00027##
[0193] wherein V is --C(R.sub.6)--or --S(O).sub.2--, or
##STR00028##
and
[0194] with the further proviso that Y can also be --O-- when:
[0195] Y is bonded to R.sub.4, and R.sub.4 is selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein aryl
and heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents; or [0196] Y is bonded to Z and X, and X is arylene or
heteroarylene; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
[0197] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a compound
(which is a prodrug) of Formula VII:
##STR00029##
wherein:
[0198] R.sub.A and R.sub.B taken together form a fused benzene ring
or fused pyridine ring wherein the benzene ring or pyridine ring is
substituted by one --O--R.sub.3 group, or substituted by one
--O--R.sub.3 group and one R group;
[0199] R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of: [0200]
--Z--Y--R.sub.4, [0201] --Z--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, [0202]
--Z--Y--X--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, [0203] --Z--R.sub.5, [0204] --Z-Het,
[0205] --Z-Het'-R.sub.4, and [0206] --Z-Het'-Y--R.sub.4;
[0207] R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy,
hydroxy, halogen, and trifluoromethyl;
[0208] G is selected from the group consisting of: [0209]
--C(O)--R', [0210] .alpha.-aminoacyl, [0211]
.alpha.-aminoacyl-.alpha.-aminoacyl, [0212] --C(O)--O--R', [0213]
--C(O)--N(R''')R', [0214] --C(.dbd.NY.sub.1)--R', [0215]
--CH(OH)--C(O)--OY.sub.1, [0216] --CH(OC.sub.1-4 alkyl)Y.sub.0,
[0217] --CH.sub.2Y.sub.2, and [0218] --CH(CH.sub.3)Y.sub.2;
[0219] R' and R''' are independently selected from the group
consisting of C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and
benzyl, each of which may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or
more substituents independently selected from the group consisting
of halogen, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkylenyl,
heteroaryl-C.sub.1-4 alkylenyl, halo-C.sub.1-4 alkylenyl,
halo-C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, --O--C(O)--CH.sub.3, --C(O)--O--CH.sub.3,
--C(O)--NH.sub.2, --O--CH.sub.2--C(O)--NH.sub.2, --NH.sub.2, and
--S(O).sub.2--NH.sub.2, with the proviso that R''' can also be
hydrogen;
[0220] .alpha.-aminoacyl is an .alpha.-aminoacyl group derived from
an amino acid selected from the group consisting of racemic, D-,
and L-amino acids;
[0221] Y.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, and benzyl;
[0222] Y.sub.0 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-6
alkyl, carboxy-C.sub.1-6 alkylenyl, amino-C.sub.1-4 alkylenyl,
mono-N--C.sub.1-6 alkylamino-C.sub.1-4 alkylenyl, and
di-N,N-C.sub.1-6 alkylamino-C.sub.1-4 alkylenyl;
[0223] Y.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of
mono-N--C.sub.1-6 alkylamino, di-N,N-C.sub.1-6 alkylamino,
morpholin-4-yl, piperidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, and 4-C.sub.1-4
alkylpiperazin-1-yl;
[0224] R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of: [0225]
--R.sub.4, [0226] --X--R.sub.4, [0227] --X--Y'--R.sub.4, and [0228]
--X--R.sub.5';
[0229] Z is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, and alkynylene, wherein alkylene, alkenylene, and
alkynylene can be optionally interrupted with one or more --O--
groups;
[0230] Y is selected from the group consisting of: [0231]
--S(O).sub.0-2--, [0232] --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, [0233]
--C(R.sub.6)--, [0234] --C(R.sub.6)--O--, [0235] --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
[0236] --O--C(O)--O--, [0237] --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, [0238]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0239] --O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0240] --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--, [0241] --O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-,
[0242] --O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--, [0243] --C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.8)--
[0244] --CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--,
##STR00030##
[0245] Het is heterocyclyl which can be unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from
the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy,
halogen, nitro, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano,
hydroxyalkyleneoxyalkylenyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and
oxo;
[0246] Het' is heterocyclylene which can be unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from
the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy,
halogen, nitro, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano, amino, alkylamino,
dialkylamino, and oxo;
[0247] X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene
wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be
optionally interrupted or terminated with arylene, heteroarylene,
or heterocyclylene, and optionally interrupted by one or more --O--
groups;
[0248] Y' is selected from the group consisting of: [0249] --O--,
[0250] --S(O).sub.0-2--, [0251] --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, [0252]
--C(R.sub.6)--, [0253] --C(R.sub.6)--O--, [0254] --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
[0255] --O--C(O)--O--, [0256] --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, [0257]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0258] --O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0259] --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--,
##STR00031##
[0260] R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl,
alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro,
hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy,
heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl,
amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in
the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
[0261] R.sub.5 is selected from the group consisting of:
##STR00032##
[0262] R.sub.5' is selected from the group consisting of:
##STR00033##
[0263] R.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of .dbd.O and
.dbd.S;
[0264] R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-7 alkylene;
[0265] R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and
heteroarylalkylenyl;
[0266] R.sub.9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen
and alkyl;
[0267] R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8 alkylene;
[0268] A is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--CH.sub.2--, --C(O)--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, and --N(R.sub.4)--;
[0269] A' is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--S(O).sub.0-2--, --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, and --CH.sub.2--;
[0270] Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--, --S(O).sub.2-N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, and --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--;
[0271] V is selected from the group consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--, --N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and
--S(O).sub.2--;
[0272] W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--,
and --S(O).sub.2--; and
[0273] a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the
proviso that a+b is .ltoreq.7;
[0274] with the proviso that Z can also be a bond when: [0275]
R.sub.3 is --Z-Het, --Z-Het'-R.sub.4, or --Z-Het'-Y--R.sub.4, and Z
is attached to an atom other than N in Het or Het'; or
[0276] R.sub.3 is --Z--Y--R.sub.4, --Z--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, or
--Z--Y--X--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, and the Y group bonded to Z is
--S(O).sub.2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
##STR00034##
wherein V is --C(R.sub.6)-- or --S(O).sub.2--, or
##STR00035##
or [0277] R.sub.3 is --Z--R.sub.5, and R.sub.5 is
##STR00036##
[0277] wherein V is --C(R.sub.6)-- or --S(O).sub.2--, or
##STR00037##
and
[0278] with the further proviso that Y can also be --O-- when:
[0279] Y is bonded to R.sub.4, and R.sub.4 is selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein aryl
and heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents; or [0280] Y is bonded to Z and X, and X is arylene or
heteroarylene; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0281] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an
intermediate compound of Formula X, which is also an IRM:
##STR00038##
wherein:
[0282] R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy,
hydroxy, halogen, and trifluoromethyl;
[0283] n is 0 or 1;
[0284] R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of: [0285]
--R.sub.4, [0286] --X--R.sub.4, [0287] --X--Y'--R.sub.4, and [0288]
--X--R.sub.5';
[0289] Z is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, and alkynylene, wherein alkylene, alkenylene, and
alkynylene can be optionally interrupted with one or more --O--
groups;
[0290] X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene
wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be
optionally interrupted or terminated with arylene, heteroarylene,
or heterocyclylene, and optionally interrupted by one or more --O--
groups;
[0291] Y' is selected from the group consisting of: [0292] --O--,
[0293] --S(O).sub.0-2--, [0294] --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, [0295]
--C(R.sub.6)--, [0296] --C(R.sub.6)--O--, [0297] --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
[0298] --O--C(O)--O--, [0299] --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, [0300]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0301] --O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0302] --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--,
##STR00039##
[0303] R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl,
alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro,
hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy,
heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl,
amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in
the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
[0304] R.sub.5' is selected from the group consisting of:
##STR00040##
[0305] R.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of .dbd.O and
.dbd.S;
[0306] R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-7 alkylene;
[0307] R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and
heteroarylalkylenyl;
[0308] R.sub.9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen
and alkyl;
[0309] R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8 alkylene;
[0310] A is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--CH.sub.2--, --C(O)--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, and --N(R.sub.4)--;
[0311] Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, and --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--;
[0312] V is selected from the group consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--, --N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and
--S(O).sub.2--;
[0313] W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--,
and --S(O).sub.2--; and
[0314] a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the
proviso that a+b is .ltoreq.7; or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof.
[0315] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an
intermediate compound of Formula XI, which is also an IRM:
##STR00041##
wherein:
[0316] R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy,
hydroxy, halogen, and trifluoromethyl;
[0317] n is 0 or 1;
[0318] R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of: [0319]
--R.sub.4, [0320] --X--R.sub.4, [0321] --X--Y'--R.sub.4, and [0322]
--X--R.sub.5';
[0323] Z is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, and alkynylene, wherein alkylene, alkenylene, and
alkynylene can be optionally interrupted with one or more --O--
groups;
[0324] X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene
wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be
optionally interrupted or terminated with arylene, heteroarylene,
or heterocyclylene, and optionally interrupted by one or more --O--
groups;
[0325] Y' is selected from the group consisting of: [0326] --O--,
[0327] --S(O).sub.0-2--, [0328] --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, [0329]
--C(R.sub.6)--, [0330] --C(R.sub.6)--O--, [0331] --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
[0332] --O--C(O)--O--, [0333] --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, [0334]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0335] --O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0336] --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--,
##STR00042##
[0337] R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl,
alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro,
hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy,
heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl,
amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in
the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
[0338] R.sub.5' is selected from the group consisting of:
##STR00043##
[0339] R.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of .dbd.O and
.dbd.S;
[0340] R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-7 alkylene;
[0341] R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and
heteroarylalkylenyl;
[0342] R.sub.9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen
and alkyl;
[0343] R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8 alkylene;
[0344] A is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--CH.sub.2--, --C(O)--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, and --N(R.sub.4)--;
[0345] Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, and --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--;
[0346] V is selected from the group consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--, --N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and
--S(O).sub.2--;
[0347] W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--,
and --S(O).sub.2--; and
[0348] a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the
proviso that a+b is .ltoreq.7; or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof.
[0349] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an
intermediate compound of Formula XII:
##STR00044##
wherein:
[0350] R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of: [0351]
--Z--Y--R.sub.4, [0352] --Z--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, [0353]
--Z--Y--X--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, [0354] --Z--R.sub.5, [0355] --Z-Het,
[0356] --Z-Het'-R.sub.4, and [0357] --Z-Het'-Y--R.sub.4;
[0358] R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy,
hydroxy, halogen, and trifluoromethyl;
[0359] n is 0 or 1;
[0360] R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of: [0361]
--R.sub.4, [0362] --X--R.sub.4, [0363] --X--Y'--R.sub.4, and [0364]
--X--R.sub.5';
[0365] Z is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, and alkynylene, wherein alkylene, alkenylene, and
alkynylene can be optionally interrupted with one or more --O--
groups;
[0366] Y is selected from the group consisting of: [0367]
--S(O).sub.0-2--, [0368] --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, [0369]
--C(R.sub.6)--, [0370] --C(R.sub.6)--O--, [0371] --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
[0372] --O--C(O)--O--, [0373] --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, [0374]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0375] --O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0376] --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--, [0377] --O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-,
[0378] --O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--, [0379] --C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.8)--,
[0380] --CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--,
##STR00045##
[0381] Het is heterocyclyl which can be unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from
the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy,
halogen, nitro, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano,
hydroxyalkyleneoxyalkylenyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and
oxo;
[0382] Het' is heterocyclylene which can be unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from
the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy,
halogen, nitro, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano, amino, alkylamino,
dialkylamino, and oxo;
[0383] X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene
wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be
optionally interrupted or terminated with arylene, heteroarylene,
or heterocyclylene, and optionally interrupted by one or more --O--
groups;
[0384] Y' is selected from the group consisting of: [0385] --O--,
[0386] --S(O).sub.0-2--, [0387] --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, [0388]
--C(R.sub.6)--, [0389] --C(R.sub.6)--O--, [0390] --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
[0391] --O--C(O)--O--, [0392] --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, [0393]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0394] --O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0395] --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--,
##STR00046##
[0396] R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl,
alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro,
hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy,
heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl,
amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in
the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
[0397] R.sub.5 is selected from the group consisting of:
##STR00047##
[0398] R.sub.5' is selected from the group consisting of:
##STR00048##
[0399] R.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of .dbd.O and
.dbd.S;
[0400] R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-7 alkylene;
[0401] R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and
heteroarylalkylenyl;
[0402] R.sub.9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen
and alkyl;
[0403] R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8 alkylene;
[0404] A is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--CH.sub.2--, --C(O)--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, and --N(R.sub.4)--;
[0405] A' is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--S(O).sub.0-2--, --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, and --CH.sub.2--;
[0406] Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--, --S(O).sub.2-N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, and --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--;
[0407] V is selected from the group consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--, --N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and
--S(O).sub.2--;
[0408] W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--,
and --S(O).sub.2--; and
[0409] a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the
proviso that a+b is .ltoreq.7;
[0410] with the proviso that Z can also be a bond when: [0411]
R.sub.3 is --Z-Het, --Z-Het'-R.sub.4, or --Z-Het'-Y--R.sub.4, and Z
is attached to an atom other than N in Het or Het'; or
[0412] R.sub.3 is --Z--Y--R.sub.4, --Z--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, or
--Z--Y--X--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, and the Y group bonded to Z is
--S(O).sub.2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
##STR00049##
wherein V is --C(R.sub.6)-- or --S(O).sub.2--, or
##STR00050##
or [0413] R.sub.3 is --Z--R.sub.5, and R.sub.5 is
##STR00051##
[0413] wherein V is --C(R.sub.6)--or --S(O).sub.2--, or
##STR00052##
and
[0414] with the further proviso that Y can also be --O-- when:
[0415] Y is bonded to R.sub.4, and R.sub.4 is selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein aryl
and heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents; or [0416] Y is bonded to Z and X, and X is arylene or
heteroarylene; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0417] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an
intermediate compound of Formula XIII:
##STR00053##
wherein:
[0418] R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of: [0419]
--Z--Y--R.sub.4, [0420] --Z--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, [0421]
--Z--Y--X--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, [0422] --Z--R.sub.5, [0423] --Z-Het,
[0424] --Z-Het'-R.sub.4, and [0425] --Z-Het'-Y--R.sub.4;
[0426] R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy,
hydroxy, halogen, and trifluoromethyl;
[0427] n is 0 or 1;
[0428] R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of: [0429]
--R.sub.4, [0430] --X--R.sub.4, [0431] --X--Y'--R.sub.4, and [0432]
--X--R.sub.5';
[0433] Z is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, and alkynylene, wherein alkylene, alkenylene, and
alkynylene can be optionally interrupted with one or more --O--
groups;
[0434] Y is selected from the group consisting of: [0435]
--S(O).sub.0-2--, [0436] --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, [0437]
--C(R.sub.6)--, [0438] --C(R.sub.6)--O--, [0439] --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
[0440] --O--C(O)--O--, [0441] --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, [0442]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0443] --O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0444] --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--, [0445] --O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-,
[0446] --O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--, [0447] --C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.8)--,
[0448] --CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--,
##STR00054##
[0449] Het is heterocyclyl which can be unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from
the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy,
halogen, nitro, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano,
hydroxyalkyleneoxyalkylenyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and
oxo;
[0450] Het' is heterocyclylene which can be unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from
the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy,
halogen, nitro, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano, amino, alkylamino,
dialkylamino, and oxo;
[0451] X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene
wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be
optionally interrupted or terminated with arylene, heteroarylene,
or heterocyclylene, and optionally interrupted by one or more --O--
groups;
[0452] Y' is selected from the group consisting of: [0453] --O--,
[0454] --S(O).sub.0-2--, [0455] --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, [0456]
--C(R.sub.6)--, [0457] --C(R.sub.6)--O--, [0458] --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
[0459] --O--C(O)--O--, [0460] --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, [0461]
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, [0462] --O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
[0463] --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--,
##STR00055##
[0464] R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl,
alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl,
aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl
groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro,
hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy,
heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl,
amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in
the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
[0465] R.sub.5 is selected from the group consisting of:
##STR00056##
[0466] R.sub.5' is selected from the group consisting of:
##STR00057##
[0467] R.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of .dbd.O and
.dbd.S;
[0468] R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-7 alkylene;
[0469] R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
alkyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and
heteroarylalkylenyl;
[0470] R.sub.9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen
and alkyl;
[0471] R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8 alkylene;
[0472] A is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--CH.sub.2--, --C(O)--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, and --N(R.sub.4)--;
[0473] A' is selected from the group consisting of --O--,
--S(O).sub.0-2--, --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, and --CH.sub.2--;
[0474] Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, and --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--;
[0475] V is selected from the group consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--, --N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and
--S(O).sub.2--;
[0476] W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--,
and --S(O).sub.2--; and
[0477] a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the
proviso that a+b is .ltoreq.7;
[0478] with the proviso that Z can also be a bond when: [0479]
R.sub.3 is --Z-Het, --Z-Het'-R.sub.4, or --Z-Het'-Y--R.sub.4, and Z
is attached to an atom other than N in Het or Het'; or [0480]
R.sub.3 is --Z--Y--R.sub.4, --Z--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, or
--Z--Y--X--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, and the Y group bonded to Z is
--S(O).sub.2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
##STR00058##
[0480] wherein V is --C(R.sub.6)-- or --S(O).sub.2--, or
##STR00059##
or [0481] R.sub.3 is --Z--R.sub.5, and R.sub.5 is
##STR00060##
[0481] wherein V is --C(R.sub.6)-- or --S(O).sub.2--, or
##STR00061##
and
[0482] with the further proviso that Y can also be --O-- when:
[0483] Y is bonded to R.sub.4, and R.sub.4 is selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein aryl
and heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents; or [0484] Y is bonded to Z and X, and X is arylene or
heteroarylene; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0485] Herein, "non-interfering" means that the ability of the
compound or salt, which includes a non-interfering substituent, to
modulate the biosynthesis of one or more cytokines is not destroyed
by the non-interfering substituent. Illustrative non-interfering
R'' groups include those described above for R.sub.2.
[0486] As used herein, the terms "alkyl", "alkenyl", "alkynyl" and
the prefix "alk-" are inclusive of both straight chain and branched
chain groups and of cyclic groups, e.g., cycloalkyl and
cycloalkenyl. Unless otherwise specified, these groups contain from
1 to 20 carbon atoms, with alkenyl groups containing from 2 to 20
carbon atoms, and alkynyl groups containing from 2 to 20 carbon
atoms. In some embodiments, these groups have a total of up to 10
carbon atoms, up to 8 carbon atoms, up to 6 carbon atoms, or up to
4 carbon atoms. Cyclic groups can be monocyclic or polycyclic and
preferably have from 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms. Exemplary cyclic
groups include cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutyl,
cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexyl,
cyclohexylmethyl, adamantyl, and substituted and unsubstituted
bornyl, norbornyl, and norbornenyl.
[0487] Unless otherwise specified, "alkylene", "-alkylene-",
"alkenylene", "-alkenylene-", "alkynylene", and "-alkynylene-" are
the divalent forms of the "alkyl", "alkenyl", and "alkynyl" groups
defined above. The terms "alkylenyl", "alkenylenyl", and
"alkynylenyl" are used when "alkylene", "alkenylene", and
"alkynylene", respectively, are substituted. For example, an
arylalkylenyl group comprises an "alkylene" moiety to which an aryl
group is attached.
[0488] The term "haloalkyl" is inclusive of alkyl groups that are
substituted by one or more halogen atoms, including perfluorinated
groups. This is also true of other groups that include the prefix
"halo-". Examples of suitable haloalkyl groups are chloromethyl,
trifluoromethyl, and the like.
[0489] The term "aryl" as used herein includes carbocyclic aromatic
rings or ring systems. Examples of aryl groups include phenyl,
naphthyl, biphenyl, fluorenyl and indenyl.
[0490] Unless otherwise indicated, the term "heteroatom" refers to
the atoms O, S, or N.
[0491] The term "heteroaryl" includes aromatic rings or ring
systems that contain at least one ring heteroatom (e.g., O, S, N).
In some embodiments, the term "heteroaryl" includes a ring or ring
system that contains 2 to 12 carbon atoms, 1 to 3 rings, 1 to 4
heteroatoms, and O, S, and/or N as the heteroatoms. Suitable
heteroaryl groups include furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, quinolinyl,
isoquinolinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, triazolyl, pyrrolyl,
tetrazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl,
benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, carbazolyl, benzoxazolyl,
pyrimidinyl, benzimidazolyl, quinoxalinyl, benzothiazolyl,
naphthyridinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, purinyl, quinazolinyl,
pyrazinyl, 1-oxidopyridyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, tetrazinyl,
oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, and so on.
[0492] The term "heterocyclyl" includes non-aromatic rings or ring
systems that contain at least one ring heteroatom (e.g., O, S, N)
and includes all of the fully saturated and partially unsaturated
derivatives of the above mentioned heteroaryl groups. In some
embodiments, the term "heterocyclyl" includes a ring or ring system
that contains 2 to 12 carbon atoms, 1 to 3 rings, 1 to 4
heteroatoms, and O, S, and N as the heteroatoms. Exemplary
heterocyclyl groups include pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl,
morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, 1,1-dioxothiomorpholinyl,
piperidinyl, piperazinyl, thiazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl,
isothiazolidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, quinuclidinyl, homopiperidinyl
(azepanyl), 1,4-oxazepanyl, homopiperazinyl (diazepanyl),
1,3-dioxolanyl, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, dihydroisoquinolin-(1H)-yl,
octahydroisoquinolin-(1H)-yl, dihydroquinolin-(2H)-yl,
octahydroquinolin-(2H)-yl, dihydro-1H-imidazolyl,
3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]non-3-yl, and the like.
[0493] The term "heterocyclyl" includes bicylic and tricyclic
heterocyclic ring systems. Such ring systems include fused and/or
bridged rings and spiro rings. Fused rings can include, in addition
to a saturated or partially saturated ring, an aromatic ring, for
example, a benzene ring. Spiro rings include two rings joined by
one spiro atom and three rings joined by two spiro atoms.
[0494] When "heterocyclyl" contains a nitrogen atom, the point of
attachment of the heterocyclyl group may be the nitrogen atom.
[0495] The terms "arylene", "heteroarylene", and "heterocyclylene"
are the divalent forms of the "aryl", "heteroaryl", and
"heterocyclyl" groups defined above. The terms, "arylenyl",
"heteroarylenyl", and "heterocyclylenyl" are used when "arylene",
"heteroarylene," and "heterocyclylene", respectively, are
substituted. For example, an alkylarylenyl group comprises an
arylene moiety to which an alkyl group is attached.
[0496] When a group (or substituent or variable) is present more
than once in any Formula described herein, each group (or
substituent or variable) is independently selected, whether
explicitly stated or not. For example, for the formula
--N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)-- each R.sub.8 group is
independently selected. In another example, when an R.sub.2 and an
R.sub.3 group both contain an R.sub.4 group, each R.sub.4 group is
independently selected. In a further example, when more than one Y
group is present and each Y group contains one or more R.sub.8
groups, then each Y group is independently selected, and each
R.sub.8 group is independently selected.
[0497] The invention is inclusive of the compounds described herein
(including intermediates) in any of their pharmaceutically
acceptable forms, including isomers (e.g., diastereomers and
enantiomers), salts, solvates, polymorphs, prodrugs, and the like.
In particular, if a compound is optically active, the invention
specifically includes each of the compound's enantiomers as well as
racemic mixtures of the enantiomers. It should be understood that
the term "compound" includes any or all of such forms, whether
explicitly stated or not (although at times, "salts" are explicitly
stated).
[0498] The term "prodrug" means a compound that can be transformed
in vivo to yield an immune response modifying compound, including
any of the salt, solvated, polymorphic, or isomeric forms described
above. The prodrug, itself, may be an immune response modifying
compound, including any of the salt, solvated, polymorphic, or
isomeric forms described above. The transformation may occur by
various mechanisms, such as through a chemical (e.g., solvolysis or
hydrolysis, for example, in the blood) or enzymatic
biotransformation. A discussion of the use of prodrugs is provided
by T. Higuchi and W. Stella, "Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems,"
Vol. 14 of the A. C. S. Symposium Series, and in Bioreversible
Carriers in Drug Design, ed. Edward B. Roche, American
Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987.
[0499] For any of the compounds presented herein, each one of the
following variables (e.g., Z, X, Y, Y', R.sub.A, R.sub.B, R,
R.sub.2, R.sub.3, Q, n, and so on) in any of its embodiments can be
combined with any one or more of the other variables in any of
their embodiments and associated with any one of the formulas
described herein, as would be understood by one of skill in the
art. Each of the resulting combinations of variables is an
embodiment of the present invention.
[0500] For certain embodiments of Formulas I and VII, particularly
embodiments of Formula I, R.sub.A and R.sub.B are taken together to
form a fused benzene ring wherein the benzene ring is substituted
by one --O--R.sub.3 group, or substituted by one --O--R.sub.3 group
and one R group. In certain of these embodiments, the fused benzene
ring is substituted by one --O--R.sub.3 group.
[0501] For certain embodiments of Formulas I and VII, particularly
embodiments of Formula I, R.sub.A and R.sub.B are taken together to
form a fused pyridine ring wherein the pyridine ring is substituted
by one --O--R.sub.3 group, or substituted by one --O--R.sub.3 group
and one R group. In certain of these embodiments, the fused
pyridine ring is substituted by one --O--R.sub.3 group.
[0502] For certain embodiments, the compound selected from the
group consisting of Formulas III, IV, V, and VI, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is the compound of Formula
III:
##STR00062##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0503] For certain embodiments, n is 0 in the above embodiments of
Formulas II, III, IV, V, and VI.
[0504] For certain embodiments, R is selected from the group
consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, halogen, and
trifluoromethyl.
[0505] For certain embodiments, R'' is hydrogen or a
non-interfering substituent.
[0506] For certain embodiments, R'' is a non-interfering
substituent.
[0507] For certain embodiments, R'' is R.sub.2; wherein R.sub.2 is
selected from the group consisting of --R.sub.4, --X--R.sub.4,
--X--Y'--R.sub.4, and --X--R.sub.5'.
[0508] For certain embodiments, R.sub.2 is selected from the group
consisting of --R.sub.4, --X--R.sub.4, --X--Y'--R.sub.4, and
--X--R.sub.5'.
[0509] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments wherein R.sub.2 is present, R.sub.2 is selected from
the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, and
hydroxyalkylenyl. For certain embodiments, R.sub.2 is selected from
the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and alkoxyalkylenyl. For
certain embodiments, R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting
of alkyl and alkoxyalkylenyl. For certain embodiments, R.sub.2 is
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl,
propyl, butyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl,
hydroxymethyl, and 2-hydroxyethyl. For certain embodiments, R.sub.2
is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,
n-butyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxymethyl, and 2-methoxyethyl.
[0510] For certain embodiments, particularly embodiments of Formula
X, n is 0 and R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, and hydroxyalkylenyl.
[0511] For certain embodiments, R.sub.3 is selected from the group
consisting of --Z--Y--R.sub.4, --Z--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4,
--Z--Y--X--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, --Z--R.sub.5, --Z-Het,
--Z-Het'-R.sub.4, and --Z-Het'-Y--R.sub.4.
[0512] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments, R.sub.3 is --Z--Y--R.sub.4 or --Z--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4.
In certain of these embodiments, Y is --N(R.sub.8)-Q-,
##STR00063##
or --C(O)--; wherein Q is selected from the group consisting of a
bond, --C(O)--, --C(O)--O--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, and --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--; R.sub.6
is selected from the group consisting of .dbd.O or .dbd.S; R.sub.7
is C.sub.2-3 alkylene; R.sub.8 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, and C.sub.1-4
alkoxyC.sub.1-4 alkylenyl; R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-6 alkylene; and
R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl,
arylalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; wherein alkyl is unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of hydroxy, alkoxy, halogen, and aryl; wherein aryl,
heteroaryl, and arylalkylenyl are unsubstituted or substituted by
one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of
alkyl, halogen, cyano, dialkylamino, and alkoxy; and wherein
heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more alkyl
substituents. In certain other of these embodiments, Y is
--N(R.sub.8)-Q- or
##STR00064##
wherein Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond,
--C(O)--, --C(O)--O--, --S(O).sub.2--, and
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--; R.sub.6 is selected from the group
consisting of .dbd.O or .dbd.S; R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-3 alkylene;
R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, and C.sub.1-4 alkoxyC.sub.1-4 alkylenyl; and
R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl,
arylalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; wherein alkyl is unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of hydroxy, alkoxy, and aryl; wherein aryl and
arylalkylenyl are unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, halogen,
cyano, dialkylamino, and alkoxy; and wherein heterocyclyl is
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more alkyl substituents. In
certain of these embodiments, Y is --N(R.sub.8)-Q-. In certain of
these embodiments, Q is --C(O)--. In certain of these embodiments,
Q is --S(O).sub.2--. In certain of these embodiments, Q is
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--. In certain of these embodiments,
R.sub.4 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl and R.sub.8 is hydrogen. In certain
other of these embodiments, R.sub.4 is phenyl that is unsubstituted
or substituted by methoxy and R.sub.8 is hydrogen. In certain
embodiments, Q is a bond. In certain of these embodiments, R.sub.4
is heterocyclyl that is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
alkyl groups, and R.sub.8 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl. In certain of these
embodiments, R.sub.4 is 1-methylpiperidin-4-yl and R.sub.8 is
methyl. In certain embodiments, R.sub.3 is --Z--Y--R.sub.4, wherein
Y is --O-- and R.sub.4 is phenyl that is unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of alkyl, halogen, cyano, alkoxy, nitro, and haloalkyl.
In certain other embodiments, R.sub.3 is
--Z--Y--X--Y.sub.c--R.sub.4, wherein Y is --O--, X is phenylene,
and Y.sub.c--R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of
--C(O)-alkyl, --C(O)--O-alkyl, --S-alkyl, --NH--C(O)-alkyl,
--C(O)--NH.sub.2, and --S(O).sub.2--NH.sub.2.
[0513] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments not excluding this definition, R.sub.3 is --Z--R.sub.5.
In certain of these embodiments, R.sub.5 is selected from the group
consisting of:
##STR00065##
wherein A is --O--, --CH.sub.2--, or --S(O).sub.2--; R.sub.7 is
C.sub.2-4 alkylene; R.sub.8 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl; and a
and b are each independently 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments,
R.sub.5 is
##STR00066##
wherein R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-4 alkylene.
[0514] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments not excluding this definition, R.sub.3 is --Z-Het or
--Z-Het'-R.sub.4. In certain of these embodiments, Het and Het'
are, respectively, selected from the group consisting of the
monovalent and divalent forms of tetrahydropyranyl,
tetrahydrofuranyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl,
piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl,
1,1-dioxothiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, azepanyl, 1,4-oxazepanyl,
diazepanyl, dihydroisoquinolin-(1H)-yl,
octahydroisoquinolin-(1H)-yl, dihydroquinolin-(2H)-yl,
octahydroquinolin-(2H)-yl, dihydro-1H-imidazolyl,
3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]non-3-yl, and piperazinyl, each of which is
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents. For
certain of these embodiments, Het and Het' are, respectively,
selected from the group consisting of the monovalent and divalent
forms of pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, and morpholinyl, each of which
is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents. For
certain of these embodiments, Het is unsubstituted. For certain of
these embodiments, Het' is unsubstituted. For certain of these
embodiments, Het is substituted by one or more substituents
selected from the group consisting of alkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl,
hydroxyalkyleneoxyalkylenyl, and dialkylamino. For certain of these
embodiments, R.sub.4 is heterocyclyl. For certain of these
embodiments, R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of
pyrrolidinyl and piperidinyl.
[0515] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments not excluding this definition, R.sub.3 is
--Z-Het'-Y--R.sub.4. In certain of these embodiments, Het' is
selected from the group consisting of the divalent form of
tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, pyrrolidinyl,
piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, azepanyl,
diazepanyl, dihydroisoquinolin-(1H)-yl,
octahydroisoquinolin-(1H)-yl, dihydroquinolin-(2H)-yl,
octahydroquinolin-(2H)-yl, dihydro-1H-imidazolyl, and piperazinyl.
In certain of these embodiments, --Y--R.sub.4 is selected from the
group consisting of --C(O)-alkyl, --C(O)--O--H, --C(O)--O-alkyl,
--C(O)--NH.sub.2--, --C(O)--NH-alkyl, and --NH--C(O)-alkyl.
[0516] For certain embodiments, R.sub.3 includes a substituted or
unsubstituted thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolinyl group or a substituted or
unsubstituted thiazolo[4,5-c]naphthyridinyl group and a connecting
group such that the compound is a dimer. In certain of these
embodiments, R.sub.3 is --Z--Y.sub.a--X--Y.sub.b--R.sub.4 wherein
Y.sub.a is --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, Y.sub.b is --O--, and R.sub.4 is
thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolinyl or thiazolo[4,5-c]naphthyridinyl. In
certain of these embodiments, Q is --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--. In
certain of these embodiments, the thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolinyl or
thiazolo[4,5-c]naphthyridinyl group is substituted by alkyl and
amino.
[0517] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments, Z is alkylene optionally interrupted with one or more
--O-- groups. In certain of these embodiments, Z is selected from
the group consisting of C.sub.1-6 alkylene and
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--.
[0518] For certain embodiments, including any one of the above
embodiments permitted by the proviso for Formulas I through VII,
more particularly for Formulas I through VI, and which do not
exclude this definition, Z is a bond.
[0519] For certain embodiments, including any of the above
embodiments, --O--R.sub.3 is at the 7-position. For other
embodiments, --O--R.sub.3 is at the 8-position.
[0520] For certain embodiments, R.sub.4 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl,
and heterocyclyl wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl,
and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one
or more substituents independently selected from the group
consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy,
halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy,
arylalkyleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy,
heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino,
(dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo.
[0521] For certain embodiments, R.sub.4 is selected from the group
consisting of alkyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl. For certain of
these embodiments, alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or
more substituents selected from the group consisting of hydroxy,
alkoxy, and aryl. For certain other of these embodiments, alkyl is
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents selected
from the group consisting of hydroxy, alkoxy, halogen, and aryl.
For certain of these embodiments, aryl and arylalkylenyl are
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents selected
from the group consisting of alkyl, halogen, cyano, dialkylamino,
and alkoxy. For certain of these embodiments, aryl, heteroaryl, and
arylalkylenyl are unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, halogen,
cyano, dialkylamino, and alkoxy. For certain of these embodiments,
heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more alkyl
substituents.
[0522] For certain embodiments, R.sub.4 is hydrogen or alkyl.
[0523] For certain embodiments, R.sub.4 is alkyl.
[0524] For certain embodiments, R.sub.4 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl.
[0525] For certain embodiments, R.sub.4 is heterocyclyl. For
certain of these embodiments, R.sub.4 is selected from the group
consisting of pyrrolidinyl and piperidinyl.
[0526] For certain embodiments, R.sub.4 is heterocyclyl that is
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more alkyl groups. For
certain of these embodiments, R.sub.4 is
1-methylpiperidin-4-yl.
[0527] For certain embodiments, R.sub.4 is phenyl that is
unsubstituted or substituted by methoxy.
[0528] For certain embodiments, R.sub.4 is heteroaryl.
[0529] For certain embodiments, R.sub.4 is phenyl that is
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents selected
from the group consisting of alkyl, halogen, cyano, alkoxy, nitro,
and haloalkyl.
[0530] For certain embodiments, R.sub.5 is selected from the group
consisting of:
##STR00067##
[0531] For certain embodiments, R.sub.5 is selected from the group
consisting of:
##STR00068##
In certain of these embodiments A is --O--, --CH.sub.2--, or
--S(O).sub.2--; R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-4 alkylene; R.sub.8 is hydrogen
or C.sub.1-4 alkyl; and a and b are each independently 1, 2, or 3.
In certain of these embodiments a and b are each 2.
[0532] For certain embodiments, R.sub.5 is
##STR00069##
In certain of these embodiments, R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-4 alkylene. For
certain embodiments, R.sub.5 is
##STR00070##
In certain of these embodiments, R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-4 alkylene.
[0533] For certain embodiments, R.sub.5' is selected from the group
consisting of:
##STR00071##
[0534] For certain embodiments, R.sub.6 is selected from the group
consisting of .dbd.O and .dbd.S.
[0535] For certain embodiments, R.sub.6 is .dbd.O. For certain
embodiments, R.sub.6 is .dbd.S.
[0536] For certain embodiments, R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-7 alkylene.
[0537] For certain embodiments, R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-4 alkylene.
[0538] For certain embodiments, R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-3 alkylene.
Preferably, in a ring of formula
##STR00072##
R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-3 alkylene.
[0539] For certain embodiments, R.sub.8 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, alkoxyalkylenyl,
arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl.
[0540] For certain embodiments, R.sub.8 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, and C.sub.1-4
alkoxyC.sub.1-4 alkylenyl.
[0541] For certain embodiments, R.sub.8 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4
alkyl.
[0542] For certain embodiments, R.sub.8 is hydrogen.
[0543] For certain embodiments, R.sub.8 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl. For
certain embodiments, R.sub.8 is methyl.
[0544] For certain embodiments, R.sub.9 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen and alkyl.
[0545] For certain embodiments, R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-8 alkylene.
[0546] For certain embodiments, R.sub.10 is C.sub.4-6 alkylene.
[0547] For certain embodiments, R.sub.10 is C.sub.3-6 alkylene.
[0548] For certain embodiments, A is selected from the group
consisting of --O--, --CH.sub.2--, --C(O)--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, and
--N(R.sub.4)--.
[0549] For certain embodiments, A is --O--, --CH.sub.2--, or
--S(O).sub.2--.
[0550] For certain embodiments, A is --O-- or --S(O).sub.2--.
[0551] For certain embodiments, A is --O--.
[0552] For certain embodiments, A' is selected from the group
consisting of --O--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, --N(-Q-R.sub.4)--, and
--CH.sub.2--.
[0553] In certain embodiments, A' is selected from the group
consisting of --CH.sub.2--, --S(O).sub.2--, and --O--.
[0554] In certain embodiments, A' is --CH.sub.2--.
[0555] In certain embodiments, A' is --O--.
[0556] In certain embodiments, Q is selected from the group
consisting of a bond, --C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--C(R.sub.6)--,
--S(O).sub.2--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--,
--S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--O--, and
--C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--.
[0557] In certain embodiments, Q is selected from the group
consisting of a bond, --C(O)--, --C(O)--O--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, and --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--.
[0558] In certain embodiments, Q is selected from the group
consisting of a bond, --C(O)--, --C(O)--O--, --S(O).sub.2--, and
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--.
[0559] In certain embodiments, Q is --C(O)--.
[0560] In certain embodiments, Q is --S(O).sub.2--.
[0561] In certain embodiments, Q is --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--.
[0562] In certain embodiments, Q is a bond.
[0563] In certain embodiments, V is selected from the group
consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
--N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and --S(O).sub.2--.
[0564] In certain embodiments, V is selected from the group
consisting of --C(O)-- and --N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--.
[0565] In certain embodiments, W is selected from the group
consisting of a bond, --C(O)--, and --S(O).sub.2--.
[0566] In certain embodiments, W is a bond or --C(O)--.
[0567] In certain embodiments, W is a bond.
[0568] In certain embodiments, X is selected from the group
consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene,
heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene wherein the alkylene,
alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be optionally interrupted or
terminated with arylene, heteroarylene, or heterocyclylene, and
optionally interrupted by one or more --O-- groups. For certain
embodiments, X is phenylene. For certain embodiments, X is
alkylene.
[0569] In certain embodiments, Y is selected from the group
consisting of --O--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--O--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
--O--C(O)--O--, --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--,
--O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-, --O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--,
--C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.8)--, --CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--,
##STR00073##
[0570] In certain embodiments, Y is selected from the group
consisting of --S(O).sub.0-2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--O--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
--O--C(O)--O--, --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--,--O--N(R.sub.8)-Q-,
--O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--, --C(.dbd.N--O--R.sub.8)--,
--CH(--N(--O--R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--,
##STR00074##
In certain of these embodiments, Y can also be --O--. For example,
Y can also be --O-- when Y is bonded to R.sub.4, and R.sub.4 is
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aryl, and
heteroaryl, wherein aryl and heteroaryl can be unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more substituents. For these embodiments, the
one or more substituents are independently selected from the group
consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy,
halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy,
arylalkyleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy,
heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and
(dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy. In another example, Y can also be --O--
when Y is bonded to Z and X, and X is arylene or heteroarylene.
[0571] In certain embodiments, Y is --N(R.sub.8)-Q-,
##STR00075##
or --C(O)--. In certain of these embodiments, Q is selected from
the group consisting of a bond, --C(O)--, --C(O)--O--,
--S(O).sub.2--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, and
--S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--; R.sub.6 is selected from the group
consisting of .dbd.O or .dbd.S; R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-3 alkylene;
R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, and C.sub.1-4 alkoxyC.sub.1-4 alkylenyl; R.sub.10
is C.sub.3-6 alkylene; and R.sub.4 is selected from the group
consisting of alkyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl,
heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; wherein alkyl is
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents selected
from the group consisting of hydroxy, alkoxy, halogen, and aryl;
wherein aryl, heteroaryl, and arylalkylenyl are unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of alkyl, halogen, cyano, dialkylamino, and alkoxy; and
wherein heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
alkyl substituents.
[0572] In certain embodiments, Y is --N(R.sub.8)-Q- or
##STR00076##
In certain of these embodiments, Q is selected from the group
consisting of a bond, --C(O)--, --C(O)--O--, --S(O).sub.2--, and
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--; R.sub.6 is selected from the group
consisting of .dbd.O or .dbd.S; R.sub.7 is C.sub.2-3 alkylene;
R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, and C.sub.1-4 alkoxyC.sub.1-4 alkylenyl; and
R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl,
arylalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, heteroarylalkylenyl,
heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl; wherein alkyl is unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of hydroxy, alkoxy, and aryl; wherein aryl and
arylalkylenyl are unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, halogen,
cyano, dialkylamino, and alkoxy; and wherein heterocyclyl is
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more alkyl substituents.
[0573] In certain embodiments, Y is --N(R.sub.8)-Q-.
[0574] In certain embodiments, Y is selected from the group
consisting of --C(O)--, --C(O)--O--, --C(O)--NH--, and
--NH--C(O)--.
[0575] In certain embodiments, Y is --O--.
[0576] In certain embodiments, Y is selected from the group
consisting of --C(O)--, --C(O)--O--, --S--, --NH--C(O)--,
--C(O)--NH--, and --S(O).sub.2--NH--.
[0577] In certain embodiments, Y' is selected from the group
consisting of --O--, --S(O).sub.0-2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--, --C(R.sub.6)--O--, --O--C(R.sub.6)--,
--O--C(O)--O--, --N(R.sub.8)-Q-, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
--O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(OR.sub.9)--,
##STR00077##
[0578] In certain embodiments, Z is selected from the group
consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene, wherein
alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene can be optionally interrupted
with one or more --O-- groups.
[0579] In certain embodiments, Z is alkylene optionally interrupted
with one or more --O-- groups.
[0580] In certain embodiments, Z is selected from the group
consisting of C.sub.1-6 alkylene and
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--. In certain of these
embodiments, Z is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.2-6
alkylene and --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--.
[0581] In certain embodiments, Z is a bond. For example, Z can be a
bond when: R.sub.3 is --Z-Het, --Z-Het'-R.sub.4, or
--Z-Het'-Y--R.sub.4, and Z is attached to an atom other than N in
Het or Het'; or R.sub.3 is --Z--Y--R.sub.4, --Z--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4,
or --Z--Y--X--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, and the Y group bonded to Z is
--S(O).sub.2--, --S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--, --C(R.sub.6)--,
--C(R.sub.6)--O--, --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--,
##STR00078##
wherein V is --C(R.sub.6)-- or --S(O).sub.2--, or
##STR00079##
or
[0582] R.sub.3 is --Z--R.sub.5, and R.sub.5 is
##STR00080##
wherein V is --C(R.sub.6)-- or --S(O).sub.2--, or
##STR00081##
[0583] In certain embodiments, Het is heterocyclyl which can be
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents
independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy,
haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl,
cyano, hydroxyalkyleneoxyalkylenyl, amino, alkylamino,
dialkylamino, and oxo.
[0584] In certain embodiments, Het is selected from the group
consisting of tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl,
azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl,
thiomorpholinyl, 1,1-dioxothiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, azepanyl,
1,4-oxazepanyl, diazepanyl, dihydroisoquinolin-(1H)-yl,
octahydroisoquinolin-(1H)-yl, dihydroquinolin-(2H)-yl,
octahydroquinolin-(2H)-yl, dihydro-1H-imidazolyl,
3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]non-3-yl, and piperazinyl, each of which is
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents. For these
embodiments, the one or more substituents are independently
selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl,
haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano,
hydroxyalkyleneoxyalkylenyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and
oxo.
[0585] In certain embodiments, Het is selected from the group
consisting of pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, and morpholinyl, each of
which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents.
For these embodiments, the one or more substituents are
independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy,
haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl,
cyano, hydroxyalkyleneoxyalkylenyl, amino, alkylamino,
dialkylamino, and oxo.
[0586] In certain embodiments, Het is substituted by one or more
substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, hydroxyl,
hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyleneoxyalkylenyl, and dialkylamino.
[0587] In certain embodiments, Het is unsubstituted.
[0588] In certain embodiments, Het' is heterocyclylene which can be
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents
independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy,
haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl,
cyano, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and oxo.
[0589] In certain embodiments, Het' is selected from the group
consisting of the divalent forms of tetrahydropyranyl,
tetrahydrofuranyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl,
piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl,
1,1-dioxothiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, azepanyl, 1,4-oxazepanyl,
diazepanyl, dihydroisoquinolin-(1H)-yl,
octahydroisoquinolin-(1H)-yl, dihydroquinolin-(2H)-yl,
octahydroquinolin-(2H)-yl, dihydro-1H-imidazolyl,
3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]non-3-yl, and piperazinyl, each of which is
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents. For these
embodiments, the one or more substituents are independently
selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl,
haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano,
hydroxyalkyleneoxyalkylenyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and
oxo.
[0590] In certain embodiments, Het' is selected from the group
consisting of the divalent forms of tetrahydropyranyl,
tetrahydrofuranyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl,
morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, azepanyl, diazepanyl,
dihydroisoquinolin-(1H)-yl, octahydroisoquinolin-(1H)-yl,
dihydroquinolin-(2H)-yl, octahydroquinolin-(2H)-yl,
dihydro-1H-imidazolyl, and piperazinyl, each of which is
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents. For these
embodiments, the one or more substituents are independently
selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl,
haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cyano,
hydroxyalkyleneoxyalkylenyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and
oxo.
[0591] In certain embodiments, Het' is selected from the group
consisting of the divalent forms of pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, and
morpholinyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted by one
or more substituents. For these embodiments, the one or more
substituents are independently selected from the group consisting
of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy,
hydroxyalkyl, cyano, hydroxyalkyleneoxyalkylenyl, amino,
alkylamino, dialkylamino, and oxo.
[0592] In certain embodiments, Het' is unsubstituted (except by
--R.sub.4 or --Y--R.sub.4).
[0593] In certain embodiments, a and b are independently integers
from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is .ltoreq.7.
[0594] In certain embodiments, a and b are each independently 1, 2,
or 3.
[0595] In certain embodiments, a and b are each 2.
[0596] In certain embodiments, n is 0 or 1.
[0597] In certain embodiments, n is 0.
[0598] For certain embodiments of the compounds of Formulas I, II,
III, IV, V, or VI, the --NH.sub.2 group can be replaced by an
--NH-G group, as shown in the compound of Formula VII, to form
prodrugs. In such embodiments, G is selected from the group
consisting of --C(O)--R', .alpha.-aminoacyl,
.alpha.-aminoacyl-.alpha.-aminoacyl, --C(O)--O--R',
--C(O)--N(R''')R', --C(.dbd.NY.sub.1)--R',
--CH(OH)--C(O)--OY.sub.1, --CH(OC.sub.1-4 alkyl)Y.sub.0,
--CH.sub.2Y.sub.2, and --CH(CH.sub.3)Y.sub.2. For these
embodiments, R' and R''' are independently selected from the group
consisting of C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, phenyl, and
benzyl, each of which may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or
more substituents independently selected from the group consisting
of halogen, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkylenyl,
heteroaryl-C.sub.1-4 alkylenyl, halo-C.sub.1-4 alkylenyl,
halo-C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, --O--C(O)--CH.sub.3, --C(O)--O--CH.sub.3,
--C(O)--NH.sub.2, --O--CH.sub.2--C(O)--NH.sub.2, --NH.sub.2, and
--S(O).sub.2--NH.sub.2 with the proviso that R''' can also be
hydrogen; .alpha.-aminoacyl is an .alpha.-aminoacyl group derived
from an amino acid selected from the group consisting of racemic,
D-, and L-amino acids; Y.sub.1 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, and benzyl; Y.sub.0 is
selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
carboxy-C.sub.1-6 alkylenyl, amino-C.sub.1-4 alkylenyl,
mono-N-C.sub.1-6 alkylamino-C.sub.1-4 alkylenyl, and
di-N,N-C.sub.1-6 alkylamino-C.sub.1-4 alkylenyl; and Y.sub.2 is
selected from the group consisting of mono-N-C.sub.1-6alkylamino,
alkylamino, morpholin-4-yl, piperidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, and
4-C.sub.1-4 alkylpiperazin-1-yl.
[0599] For certain embodiments, the present invention provides a
pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective
amount of a compound or salt of any one of the above embodiments of
Formulas I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, X, and XI and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0600] For certain embodiments, the present invention provides a
method of inducing cytokine biosynthesis in an animal comprising
administering an effective amount of a compound or salt of any one
of the above embodiments of Formulas I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, X,
and XI, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective
amount of a compound or salt of any one of the above embodiments of
Formulas I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, X, and XI to the animal.
[0601] For certain embodiments, the present invention provides a
method of treating a viral disease in an animal comprising
administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or
salt of any one of the above embodiments of Formulas I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, X, and XI, or a pharmaceutical composition
comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or salt
of any one of the above embodiments of Formulas I, II, III, IV, V,
VI, VII, X, and XI to the animal.
[0602] For certain embodiments, the present invention provides a
method of treating a neoplastic disease in an animal comprising
administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or
salt of any one of the above embodiments of Formulas I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, X, and XI, or a pharmaceutical composition
comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or salt
of any one of the above embodiments of Formulas I, II, III, IV, V,
VI, VII, X, and XI to the animal.
Preparation of the Compounds
[0603] Compounds of the invention may be synthesized by synthetic
routes that include processes analogous to those well known in the
chemical arts, particularly in light of the description contained
herein. The starting materials are generally available from
commercial sources such as Aldrich Chemicals (Milwaukee, Wis., USA)
or are readily prepared using methods well known to those skilled
in the art (e.g. prepared by methods generally described in Louis
F. Fieser and Mary Fieser, Reagents for Organic Synthesis, v. 1-19,
Wiley, N.Y., (1967-1999 ed.); Alan R. Katritsky, Otto Meth-Cohn,
Charles W. Rees, Comprehensive Organic Functional Group
Transformations, v 1-6, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England, (1995);
Barry M. Trost and Ian Fleming, Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, v.
1-8, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England, (1991); or Beilsteins
Handbuch der organischen Chemie, 4, Aufl. Ed. Springer-Verlag,
Berlin, Germany, including supplements (also available via the
Beilstein online database)).
[0604] For illustrative purposes, the reaction schemes depicted
below provide potertial routes for synthesizing the compounds of
the present invention as well as key intermediates. For more
detailed description of the individual reaction steps, see the
EXAMPLES section below. Those skilled in the art will appreciate
that other synthetic routes may be used to synthesize the compounds
of the invention. Although specific starting materials and reagents
are depicted in the reaction schemes and discussed below, other
starting materials and reagents can be easily substituted to
provide a variety of derivatives and/or reaction conditions. In
addition, many of the compounds prepared by the methods described
below can be further modified in light of this disclosure using
conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.
[0605] In the preparation of compounds of the invention it may
sometimes be necessary to protect a particular functionality while
reacting other functional groups on an intermediate. The need for
such protection will vary depending on the nature of the particular
functional group and the conditions of the reaction step. Suitable
amino protecting groups include acetyl, trifluoroacetyl,
tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc), benzyloxycarbonyl, and
9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc). Suitable hydroxy protecting
groups include acetyl and silyl groups such as the tert-butyl
dimethylsilyl group. For a general description of protecting groups
and their use, see T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, Protective
Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA,
1991.
[0606] Conventional methods and techniques of separation and
purification can be used to isolate compounds of the invention or
pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, as well as various
intermediates related thereto. Such techniques may include, for
example, all types of chromatography (high performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC), column chromatography using common
absorbents such as silica gel, and thin layer chromatography,
recrystallization, and differential (i.e., liquid-liquid)
extraction techniques.
[0607] Compounds of the invention can be prepared according to
Reaction Scheme I, where R, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and n are as defined
above. In step (1) of Reaction Scheme I, a benzyloxyaniline of
Formula XV is treated with the condensation product generated from
2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (Meldrum's acid) and triethyl
orthoformate to provide an imine of Formula XVI. The reaction can
be conveniently carried out by adding a solution of a
benzyloxyaniline of Formula XV to a heated mixture of Meldrum's
acid and triethyl orthoformate and heating the reaction at an
elevated temperature such as 45.degree. C.
[0608] In step (2) of Reaction Scheme I, an imine of Formula XVI
undergoes thermolysis and cyclization to provide a
benzyloxyquinolin-4-ol of Formula XVII. The reaction can be
conveniently carried out in a medium such as DOWTHERM A heat
transfer fluid at a temperature in the range of 200.degree. C. to
250.degree. C.
[0609] In step (3) of Reaction Scheme I, the benzyloxyquinolin-4-ol
of Formula XVII is nitrated under conventional nitration conditions
to provide a benzyloxy-3-nitroquinolin-4-ol of Formula XVIII. The
reaction can be conveniently carried out by adding nitric acid to
the benzyloxyquinolin-4-ol of Formula XVII in a suitable solvent
such as propionic acid and heating the mixture at an elevated
temperature such as 125.degree. C.
[0610] In step (4) of Reaction Scheme I, a
benzyloxy-3-nitroquinolin-4-ol of Formula XVIII is reduced to
provide a 3-amino-benzyloxyquinolin-4-ol of Formula XIX or a salt
thereof, such as the hydrochloride salt thereof. The reaction can
be carried out by hydrogenation using a heterogeneous hydrogenation
catalyst such as platinum on carbon. The hydrogenation is
conveniently carried out in a Parr apparatus in a suitable solvent
such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The reaction can be carried
out at room temperature.
[0611] In step (5) of Reaction Scheme I, a 3-amino
benzyloxyquinolin-4-ol of Formula XIX is reacted with a carboxylic
acid or an equivalent thereof to provide a compound of Formula XX.
Suitable equivalents to carboxylic acid include acid anhydrides and
acid chlorides. The selection of the carboxylic acid equivalent is
determined by the desired substituent at R.sub.2. For example, the
use of butyryl chloride provides a compound in which R.sub.2 is a
propyl group; the use of ethoxyacetyl chloride provides a compound
in which R.sub.2 is an ethoxymethyl group. The reaction can be
conveniently carried out by adding the acid chloride to a solution
of a 3-aminobenzyloxyquinolin-4-ol of Formula XIX in a suitable
solvent such as dichloromethane or acetonitrile in the presence of
a tertiary amine such as triethylamine, pyridine, or
4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) to afford an amide. The reaction can
be carried out at or below room temperature. The amide of Formula
XX can optionally be isolated and purified.
[0612] In step (6) of Reaction Scheme I, an amide of Formula XX is
reacted with phosphorus pentasulfide to provide a
benzyloxy[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline of Formula XXI. The reaction
can be carried out by adding phosphorus pentasulfide to a solution
or suspension of a compound of Formula XX in a suitable solvent
such as pyridine and heating the resulting mixture at an elevated
temperature, for example, the reflux temperature of the
solvent.
[0613] In step (7) of Reaction Scheme I, a
benzyloxy[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline of Formula XXI is oxidized
to provide a benzyloxy[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline-5N-oxide of
Formula XXII using a conventional oxidizing agent capable of
forming N-oxides. The reaction can be conveniently carried out by
adding 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid to a solution of a compound of
Formula XXI in a solvent such dichloromethane or chloroform. The
reaction can be carried out at room temperature.
[0614] In step (8) of Reaction Scheme I, a
benzyloxy[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline-5N-oxide of Formula XXII is
aminated to provide a benzyloxy[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
of Formula XXIII. Step (8) can be carried out by the activation of
an N-oxide of Formula XXII by conversion to an ester and then
reacting the ester with an aminating agent. Suitable activating
agents include alkyl- or arylsulfonyl chlorides such as
benzenesulfonyl chloride, methanesulfonyl chloride, or
p-toluenesulfonyl chloride. Suitable aminating agents include
ammonia, in the form of ammonium hydroxide, for example, and
ammonium salts such as ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate,
and ammonium phosphate. The reaction can be conveniently carried
out by adding ammonium hydroxide followed by p-toluenesulfonyl
chloride to a solution of the N-oxide of Formula XXII in a suitable
solvent such as 1,2-dichloroethane at elevated temperature, for
example 65.degree. C. The reaction may also be carried out by
adding ammonium hydroxide and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride to the
reaction mixture from step (7) without isolating the N-oxide of
Formula XXII.
[0615] Alternatively step (8) can be carried out by the reaction of
a benzyloxy[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline-5N-oxide of Formula XXII
with trichloroacetyl isocyanate followed by hydrolysis of the
resulting intermediate to provide a
benzyloxy[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula XXIII. The
reaction can be conveniently carried out in two steps by (i) adding
trichloroacetyl isocyanate to a solution of the N-oxide of Formula
XXII in a solvent such as dichloromethane and stirring at room
temperature to provide an isolable amide intermediate. In step
(ii), a solution of the intermediate in methanol is treated with a
base such as sodium methoxide or ammonium hydroxide at room
temperature.
[0616] In step (9) of Reaction Scheme I, the benzyl group of a
benzyloxy[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula XXIII is
cleaved to provide a [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolinol of Formula
XXIV. The cleavage is conveniently carried out with an acid such as
hydrogen bromide in a suitable solvent such as acetic acid at an
elevated temperature, such as 65.degree. C. Alternatively, the
cleavage may be carried out on a Parr apparatus under
hydrogenolysis conditions using a suitable heterogeneous catalyst
such as palladium on carbon in a solvent such as ethanol.
[0617] In step (10) of Reaction Scheme I, a
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolinol of Formula XXIV is converted to an
ether-substituted [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula
II using a Williamson-type ether synthesis. The reaction is
effected by treating a [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolinol of Formula
XXIV with an alkyl halide of Formula Halide-R.sub.3 in the presence
of a base. The reaction can be conveniently carried out by
combining the alkyl halide with a [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolinol of
Formula XXIV in a solvent such as DMF in the presence of a suitable
base such as cesium carbonate. The reaction can be carried out at
ambient temperature or at an elevated temperature, for example
60.degree. C. to 85.degree. C. Alternatively, the reaction can be
carried out by treating a solution of a
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolinol of Formula XXIV in a solvent such as
DMF with sodium hydride and then adding a reagent of Formula
Halide-R.sub.3.
[0618] Numerous reagents of Formulas Halide-Z--Y--R.sub.4 and
Halide-Z-Het, wherein Z, Y, R.sub.4, and Het are as defined above,
are commercially available. These include, for example,
bromo-substituted ketones such as 2-bromoacetophenone and
2-bromo-1-(3-thienyl)-1-ethanone, bromo-substituted esters such as
ethyl bromoacetate, and bromoalkyl-substituted heterocycles such as
2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran. Other reagents of Formulas
Halide-Z--Y--R.sub.4, Halide-Z--R.sub.5,
Halide-Z--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, and Halide-Z-Het, wherein Z, Y, X,
R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and Het are as defined above, can be prepared
using conventional synthetic methods; for example, a
bromo-substituted acid halide of Formula ClC(O)--Z--Br or
BrC(O)--Z--Br can be treated with a secondary amine in a suitable
solvent such as dichloromethane to provide a variety of
bromo-substituted amides of Formula
Br--Z--C(O)--N(R.sub.8)--R.sub.4,
##STR00082##
wherein R.sub.8, R.sub.10, A, a, and b are as defined above. The
reaction can be run at a sub-ambient temperature such as
-25.degree. C.
[0619] Dimers of Formula II, wherein R.sub.3 is --Z--O--R.sub.4,
wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of alkylene,
alkenylene, and alkynylene wherein alkylene, alkenylene, and
alkynylene can be optionally interrupted with one or more --O--
groups, and R.sub.4 is a [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline optionally
substituted as defined in R.sub.4 above, can be prepared in step
(10) of Reaction Scheme I if half an equivalent of a dialkyl halide
of Formula Halide-Z-Halide is used, and the reaction can be carried
out according to the conditions described above.
[0620] Step (10) of Reaction Scheme I can alternatively be carried
out by treating a [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolinol of Formula XXIV
with an alcohol of Formula HO--R.sub.3 under Mitsunobu reaction
conditions. Numerous alcohols of Formulas HO--Z--Y--R.sub.4,
HO--Z--R.sub.5, and HO--Z-Het are commercially available, such as,
for example, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one,
1-(3-hydroxypropyl)pyrrolidin-2-one, 3-(methylthio)propan-1-ol, and
3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran; other alcohols of Formula HO--R.sub.3 can
be prepared using conventional synthetic methods. The reaction can
be conveniently carried out by out by adding triphenylphosphine and
an alcohol of Formula HO--R.sub.3 to a solution of a
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolinol of Formula XXIV in a suitable
solvent such as tetrahydrofuran and then slowly adding diisopropyl
azodicarboxylate or diethyl azodicarboxylate. The reaction can be
carried out at or below room temperature, for example, at 0.degree.
C.
##STR00083##
[0621] Compounds of the invention can be prepared according to
Reaction Scheme II, where R, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and n are as defined
above. In step (1) of Reaction Scheme II, the benzyl group of a
benzyloxy[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline of Formula XXI is cleaved to
provide a [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolinol of Formula XXV. The
reaction can be carried out as described in step (9) of Reaction
Scheme I.
[0622] In step (2) of Reaction Scheme II, a
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolinol of Formula XXV is converted to an
ether-substituted [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline of Formula XII. The
reaction can be carried out using one of the methods described in
step (10) of Reaction Scheme I.
[0623] In steps (3) and (4) of Reaction Scheme II, an
ether-substituted [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline of Formula XII is
oxidized to afford a [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline-5N-oxide of
Formula XXVI, which is aminated to provide a
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula II. Steps (3) and
(4) can be carried out as described in steps (7) and (8),
respectively, of Reaction Scheme I.
[0624] Synthetic transformations can be made at R.sub.2 in
compounds of Formulas XXI, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XII, or II, shown in
Reaction Scheme I or II, if, for example, the carboxylic acid or
equivalent thereof used in step (5) of Reaction Scheme I contains a
protected hydroxy or amino group. Some acid chlorides of this type,
for example acetoxyacetyl chloride, are commercially available.
Others can be prepared by known synthetic methods. A protected
hydroxy or amino group thus installed at R.sub.2 can then be
deprotected by a variety of methods well-known to one of skill in
the art. For example, an acetate group, installed by using
acetoxyacetyl chloride as the carboxylic acid equivalent in step
(5) of Reaction Scheme I, is readily hydrolyzed under basic
conditions to provide a hydroxy group. The resulting hydroxy group
can then be oxidized to an aldehyde or carboxylic acid or converted
to a leaving group such as, for example, a chloro group using
thionyl chloride or a trifluoromethanesulfonate group using
trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride. The resulting leaving group can
then be displaced by a variety of nucleophiles. Sodium azide can be
used as the nucleophile to install an azide group, which can then
be reduced to an amino group using heterogeneous hydrogenation
conditions. The amino group can then be converted to an amide,
sulfonamide, sulfamide, or urea using one of the many methods
described below in step (7) of Reaction Scheme IV. A leaving group
at R.sub.2, such as a chloro or trifluoromethanesulfonate group,
can also be displaced with a secondary amine, a substituted phenol,
or a mercaptan under the conditions described below in step (2) of
Reaction Scheme VI to provide a variety of compounds. For other
examples of the installation of a variety of R.sub.2 groups, see
U.S. Pat. No. 6,110,929 (Gerster et al.).
[0625] A hydroxyalkylenyl group can also be introduced at R.sub.2
by the demethylation of a methoxyalkylenyl group, which can be
installed by using a methoxy-substituted carboxylic acid
equivalent, for example, methoxyacetyl chloride and
2-methoxypropionyl chloride, in step (5) of Reaction Scheme I. The
demethylation can be carried out by treating a compound of Formula
II wherein R.sub.2 is a methoxyalkylenyl group with boron
tribromide in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane at a
sub-ambient temperature such as 0.degree. C.
[0626] Synthetic elaborations can also be carried out at the
R.sub.3 group in compounds prepared in either Reaction Scheme I or
II. For example, an R.sub.3 group in a compound of Formula XII may
contain a --S-- functional group, which can be oxidized to
--S(O).sub.2-- in step (3) of Reaction Scheme II using an excess of
the oxidizing agent. Step (4) of Reaction Scheme II may then be
carried out to provide a compound of Formula II, wherein R.sub.3
contains a --S(O).sub.2-- functional group. In another example, an
R.sub.3 group in a compound of Formula II may be --Z--Y--R.sub.4,
wherein Y is --C(O)--. A ketone of this formula can then be
converted to an oxime by adding an aqueous solution of a
hydroxylamine salt of formula NH.sub.2OR.sub.8.HCl to a solution of
the ketone in a suitable solvent such as methanol or ethanol and
then adding a base such as sodium hydroxide and heating at an
elevated temperature to provide a compound of the invention,
wherein R.sub.3 is --Z--Y--R.sub.4 where Y is
--C(.dbd.N--OR.sub.8)--, and R.sub.4 and R.sub.8 are as defined
above. The oxime so prepared may be reduced with sodium
cyanoborohydride in a mixture of ethanol or methanol in acetic acid
to provide a hydroxylamine, which may be treated with one of
numerous acid chlorides, sulfonyl chloride, isocyanates, carbamoyl
chloride, or sulfamoyl chlorides using one of the methods described
in step (7) of Reaction Scheme IV below to provide a compound of
the invention wherein R.sub.3 is --Z--Y--R.sub.4 where Y is
--CH(--N--(OR.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4)--, and Q, R.sub.4, and R.sub.8 are
as defined above.
##STR00084##
[0627] Compounds of the invention can be prepared according to
Reaction Scheme III where R, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and n are as defined
above. Reaction Scheme III is analogous to Reaction Scheme I, with
a benzyloxypyridine of Formula XXVII used as the starting material
in Reaction Scheme III instead of a benzyloxyaniline of Formula XV.
Benzyloxypyridines of Formula XXVII can be prepared using
conventional synthetic methods; see for example, Holladay et al.,
Biorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 8, pp. 2797-2802, (1998). Isomers of the
compounds of Formula XXVII and Formula XXIX, wherein N is at a
different position in the pyridine ring, can also be synthesized
and can be used in Reaction Scheme III to prepare compounds of the
invention. Steps (1) through (10) of Reaction Scheme III can be run
using the same conditions described in steps (1) through (10) of
Reaction Scheme I.
##STR00085##
[0628] For some embodiments, compounds of the invention can be
prepared according to Reaction Scheme IV, where R, R.sub.2,
R.sub.8, and n are defined as above; Z is selected from the group
consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene wherein
alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene can be optionally interrupted
with one or more --O-- groups; and R.sub.3a is
--Z--N(R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4 or
##STR00086##
with R.sub.8, R.sub.10, Q, and R.sub.4 as defined above;
--Z--R.sub.5, wherein R.sub.5 is
##STR00087##
with A, a, b, R.sub.7, and R.sub.8 as defined above; or
--Z--[N(R.sub.8)-Q]-X--O--R.sub.4 or
--Z--[N(R.sub.8)-Q]--X--[V--N(R.sub.8)]--X--O--R.sub.4, wherein X
and V are as defined above, and R.sub.4 is a
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline optionally substituted as defined in
R.sub.4 above.
[0629] In step (1) of Reaction Scheme IV, the amine of an amino
alcohol of Formula XXXVII is protected with a tert-butoxy carbonyl
(Boc) group to provide a hydroxyalkylcarbamate of Formula XXXVIII.
Numerous amino alcohols of Formula XXXVII are commercially
available; others can be prepared using known synthetic methods.
The reaction can be conveniently carried out by treating the amino
alcohol of Formula XXXVII with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate optionally
in the presence of a base such as aqueous sodium hydroxide. The
reaction can be run at room temperature in a suitable solvent such
as tetrahydrofuran or dichloromethane.
[0630] In step (2) of Reaction Scheme IV, a hydroxyalkylcarbamate
of Formula XXXVIII is converted to an iodoalkylcarbamate of Formula
XXXIX using conventional methods. The reaction can be conveniently
carried out by treating the hydroxyalkylcarbamate of Formula
XXXVIII with a solution of iodine, triphenylphosphine, and
imidazole. The reaction can be run at room temperature in a
suitable solvent such as dichloromethane or solvent mixture such as
diethyl ether/acetonitrile.
[0631] In step (3) of Reaction Scheme IV, a
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolinol of Formula XXV is treated with an
iodoalkylcarbamate of Formula XXXIX to provide an ether-substituted
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline of Formula XL. The reaction can be
carried out according to the Williamson conditions described in
step (10) of Reaction Scheme I.
[0632] In steps (4) and (5) of Reaction Scheme IV, a
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline of Formula XL is oxidized to a
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline-5N-oxide of Formula XLI, which is
aminated to provide a [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of
Formula XLII, which is a subgenus Formulas I and II. Steps (4) and
(5) of Reaction Scheme IV can be carried out as described for steps
(7) and (8), respectively, of Reaction Scheme I. In step (5), the
preferred conditions for amination are the activation of an N-oxide
of Formula XLI by conversion to an ester and then reacting the
ester with an aminating agent. Step (5) is conveniently carried out
by adding ammonium hydroxide to a solution of the N-oxide of
Formula XLI in a suitable solvent such as 1,2-dichloroethane and
then adding p-toluenesulfonyl chloride and stirring at an elevated
temperature such as 65.degree. C.
[0633] In step (6) of Reaction Scheme IV, the Boc protecting group
of a [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula XLII is
removed to provide an amino-substituted
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula XLIII, which is a
subgenus of Formulas I and II. The reaction can be conveniently
carried out by adding a solution of hydrochloric acid in ethanol to
a [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula XLII. The
reaction can be carried out at an elevated temperature, for
example, the reflux temperature of the solvent.
[0634] In step (7) of Reaction Scheme IV, an amino-substituted
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula XLIII is converted
to a [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolinyl compound of Formula IIa, a
subgenus of Formulas I and II, using conventional methods. For
example, an amino-substituted [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
of Formula XLIII can react with an acid chloride of Formula
R.sub.4C(O)Cl to provide a compound of Formula IIa in which
R.sub.3a is --Z--N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--R.sub.4. In addition, a
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula XLIII can react
with sulfonyl chloride of Formula R.sub.4S(O).sub.2Cl or a sulfonic
anhydride of Formula (R.sub.4S(O).sub.2).sub.2O to provide a
compound of Formula IIa in which R.sub.3a is
--Z--N(R.sub.8)--S(O).sub.2--R.sub.4. Numerous acid chlorides of
Formula R.sub.4C(O)Cl, sulfonyl chlorides of Formula
R.sub.4S(O).sub.2Cl, and sulfonic anhydrides of Formula
(R.sub.4S(O).sub.2).sub.2O are commercially available; others can
be readily prepared using known synthetic methods. The reaction can
be conveniently carried out by adding the acid chloride of Formula
R.sub.4C(O)Cl, sulfonyl chloride of Formula R.sub.4S(O).sub.2Cl, or
sulfonic anhydride of Formula (R.sub.4S(O).sub.2).sub.2O to a
solution of the amino-substituted
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula XLIII in a suitable
solvent such as chloroform, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylacetamide
(DMA), or 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone. Optionally a base such as
triethylamine, pyridine, or N,N-diisopropylethylamine, or catalytic
DMAP, or a combination thereof can be added. The reaction can be
carried out at room temperature or initially at a sub-ambient
temperature such as 0.degree. C. and then warming to room
temperature.
[0635] Compounds of Formula IIa where R.sub.3a is --Z--R.sub.5 and
R.sub.5 is
##STR00088##
can be prepared by treating an amino-substituted
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula XLIII, wherein
R.sub.8 is hydrogen, with a chloroalkanesulfonyl chloride of
Formula Cl--R.sub.7S(O).sub.2Cl or a chloroalkanoyl chloride of
Formula Cl--R.sub.7C(O)Cl. The reaction can be conveniently carried
out by adding the chloroalkanesulfonyl chloride or chloroalkanoyl
chloride to a solution of the amino-substituted
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula XLIII in a suitable
solvent such as chloroform at ambient temperature. The isolable
intermediate chloroalkanesulfonamide or chloroalkanamide can then
be treated with a base such as 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene
or sodium hydride in a suitable solvent such as DMF to effect the
cyclization.
[0636] Ureas of Formula IIa, where R.sub.3a is
--Z--N(R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4, Q is --C(R.sub.6)--NH--W--, R.sub.6 is
.dbd.O, and W is a bond, can be prepared by reacting an
amino-substituted [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula
XLIII with isocyanates of Formula R.sub.4N.dbd.C.dbd.O. Numerous
isocyanates of Formula R.sub.4N.dbd.C.dbd.O are commercially
available; others can be readily prepared using known synthetic
methods. The reaction can be conveniently carried out by adding the
isocyanate of Formula R.sub.4N.dbd.C.dbd.O to a solution of the
amino-substituted [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula
XLIII in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, or
DMA. Optionally a base such as triethylamine can be added. The
reaction can be carried out at room temperature or initially at a
sub-ambient temperature such as 0.degree. C. and warming to room
temperature. Alternatively, a compound of Formula XLIII can be
treated with an isocyanate of Formula R.sub.4(CO)N.dbd.C.dbd.O, a
thioisocyanate of Formula R.sub.4N.dbd.C.dbd.S, a sulfonyl
isocyanate of Formula R.sub.4S(O).sub.2N.dbd.C.dbd.O, or a
carbamoyl chloride of Formula R.sub.4N--(R.sub.8)--C(O)Cl,
##STR00089##
to provide a compound of Formula IIa, where R.sub.3a is
--Z--N(R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4,
##STR00090##
wherein Q is --C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--W--, where R.sub.6, R.sub.8,
and W are defined as above.
[0637] Sulfamides of Formula Ha, where R.sub.3a is
--Z--N(R.sub.8)--S(O).sub.2--N(R.sub.8)--R.sub.4 can be prepared by
reacting a compound of Formula XLIII with sulfuryl chloride to
generate a sulfamoyl chloride in situ, and then reacting the
sulfamoyl chloride with an amine of Formula HN(R.sub.8)R.sub.4.
Alternatively, sulfamides of Formula Ha can be prepared by reacting
a compound of Formula XLIII with a sulfamoyl chloride of Formula
R.sub.4(R.sub.8)N--S(O).sub.2Cl. Many amines of Formula
HN(R.sub.8)R.sub.4 and some sulfamoyl chlorides of Formula
R.sub.4(R.sub.8)N--S(O).sub.2Cl are commercially available; others
can be prepared using known synthetic methods.
[0638] Compounds of Formula IIa, wherein R.sub.3a is
--Z--N(R.sub.8)--R.sub.4 can be prepared by reductive alkylation of
the amino-substituted [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of
Formula XLIII, wherein R.sub.8 is hydrogen. The alkylation is
conveniently carried out in two parts by (i) adding an aldehyde or
ketone to a solution of an amino-substituted
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula XLIII or a salt
thereof in a suitable solvent such as DMF in the presence of a base
such as N,N-diisopropylethylamine. In part (ii) the reduction is
carried out by adding a suitable reducing agent such as the
borane-pyridine complex. Both part (i) and part (ii) can be carried
out at room temperature. In compounds of Formula XLIII, wherein
R.sub.8 is hydrogen, it is convenient to carry out the reductive
alkylation followed by reaction with an acid chloride, sulfonyl
chloride, sulfonic anhydride, isocyanate, or carbamoyl chloride as
described above to provide a compound of Formula IIa, wherein
R.sub.3a is --Z--N(R.sub.8)-Q-R.sub.4, wherein Z, R.sub.4, R.sub.8,
and Q are as defined above.
[0639] Dimers of Formula IIa, wherein R.sub.3a is
--Z--[N(R.sub.8)-Q]-X--[V--N(R.sub.8)]--X--O--R.sub.4, wherein X
and R.sub.8 are as defined above, Q is selected from the group
consisting of --C(R.sub.6)--, --S(O).sub.2--,
--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--, V is selected from the group consisting
of --C(R.sub.6)--, --N(R.sub.8)--C(R.sub.6)--, and --S(O).sub.2--,
and R.sub.4 is a [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline optionally
substituted as defined in R.sub.4 above, can be prepared by
treating an amino-substituted [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
of Formula XLIII or a salt thereof with a diacid chloride, a
disulfonyl chloride, or a diisocyanate according to the reaction
conditions described above for the reactions with acid chlorides,
sulfonyl chlorides, and isocyanates. Numerous diacid chlorides,
disulfonyl chlorides, and diisocyanates are commercially available.
These include but are not limited to aliphatic compounds such as
fumaryl chloride, succinyl chloride, glutaryl chloride, sebacoyl
chloride, 2,2'-oxydiacetyl chloride, 1,4-butanedisulfonyl chloride,
1,4-diisocyanatobutane, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and
1,12-diisocyanatododecane; aromatic compounds such as
1,2-benzenedisulfonyl chloride, 1,3-benzenedisulfonyl chloride,
1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthalenediisocyanate, phthaloyl
chloride, and isophthaloyl chloride; cycloaliphatic compounds such
as dicylcohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, trans-1,4-cyclohexane
diisocyanate, and 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane; heteroaryl
compounds such as 2,6-pyrdinedicarbonyl chloride; and compounds
such as 4,4'-benzoyl chloride, 4,4'-methylene-bis(benzenesulfonyl)
chloride, m-xylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane
diisocyanate.
[0640] Dimers of Formula IIa, wherein R.sub.3a is
--Z--[N(R.sub.8)--C(O)--N(R.sub.8)]--X--O--R.sub.4, wherein X is as
defined above, and R.sub.4 is a [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline
optionally substituted as defined in R.sub.4 above, can be prepared
by treating an amino-substituted
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula XLIII or a salt
thereof with carbonyldiimidazole in a suitable solvent such as DMF
at an elevated temperature such as 75.degree. C.
##STR00091##
[0641] Compounds of the invention can be prepared according to
Reaction Scheme V, where R, R.sub.2, R.sub.10, and n are as defined
above; Z.sub.a is selected from the group consisting of a bond,
alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene wherein alkylene, alkenylene,
and alkynylene can be optionally interrupted with one or more --O--
groups; R.sub.3b is
##STR00092##
wherein R.sub.4, R.sub.6, R.sub.10, A, Q, a, and b are as defined
above. Steps (1) through (7) of Reaction Scheme V can be run as
described in steps (1) through (7) of Reaction Scheme IV to provide
compounds of Formula III), a subgenus of Formulas I and II.
[0642] Alternatively, a compound of Formula XLV can react with a
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolinol of Formula XXV under the Mitsunobu
reaction conditions described in step (10) of Reaction Scheme I.
For example, combining a [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolinol of Formula
XXV, triphenylphosphine, and tert-butyl
4-hydroxy-1-piperdinecarboxylate in THF at 5.degree. C. or room
temperature and slowly adding diisopropyl azodicarboxylate provides
a compound of Formula XLVII wherein Z.sub.a is a bond and R.sub.10
is pentylene.
[0643] The oxidation in step (4) of Reaction Scheme V can be
carried out according to the reaction conditions described in step
(7) of Reaction Scheme I or by heating a solution of a compound of
Formula XLVII in a suitable solvent such as ethyl acetate with
peracetic acid at a temperature such as 50.degree. C. and then
adding sodium metabisulfate.
##STR00093##
[0644] Compounds of the invention can also be prepared according to
Reaction Scheme VI, wherein R, R.sub.2, and n are as defined above;
Z is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene,
and alkynylene wherein alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene can be
optionally interrupted with one or more --O-- groups; and R.sub.3c
is --Z-Het, --Z-Het'-R.sub.4, or --Z-Het'-Y--R.sub.4, wherein Het
or Het' is attached to Z at a nitrogen atom.
[0645] In step (1) of Reaction Scheme VI, a
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolinol of Formula XXIV is treated with a
dihalide of Formula I--Z--Cl or Br--Z--Cl using the Williamson
conditions described in step (10) of Reaction Scheme Ito provide a
chloro-substituted compound of Formula X.
[0646] In step (2) of Reaction Scheme VI, a chloro-substituted
compound of Formula X is treated with a cyclic secondary amine to
provide a compound of Formula IIc, a subgenus of Formulas I and II.
Many cyclic secondary amines are commercially available, such as
unsubstituted or substituted pyrrolidines, piperidines,
morpholines, and piperazines; others can be prepared using
conventional methods. The reaction can be conveniently carried out
by adding a cyclic secondary amine to a compound of Formula X in a
suitable solvent such as DMF. The reaction can be conveniently
carried out in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate
at an elevated temperature such as 65.degree. C.
[0647] Compounds of Formula IIc are also prepared from
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolinols of Formula XXV, shown in Reaction
Scheme II. A [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolinol of Formula XXV is first
treated with a dihalide of Formula I--Z--Cl or Br--Z--Cl according
to step (1) of Reaction Scheme V. The product is then oxidized and
aminated according to the methods described in steps (7) and (8) of
Reaction Scheme Ito provide a compound of Formula X, which is then
treated with a cyclic secondary amine as described in step (2) of
Reaction Scheme VI to provide a compound of Formula IIc.
[0648] A compound of Formula X is also a useful starting material
to provide a number of other compounds of the invention. For
example, a compound of Formula X can be treated with a non-cyclic
secondary amine or a mercaptan under the conditions described in
step (2) above to provide a compound in which R.sub.3c is
--Z--Y--R.sub.4, wherein R.sub.4 is as defined above and Y is
--N(R.sub.8)-Q- or --S--, wherein Q is a bond and R.sub.8 is as
defined above. In another example, a compound of Formula X can be
treated under the same conditions with a substituted phenol to
provide a compound wherein R.sub.3c is --Z--Y--X--Y--R.sub.4, in
which the Y bonded to Z is --O--, X is phenylene, and R.sub.4 and
the Y bonded to R.sub.4 are as defined above or a compound wherein
R.sub.3c is --Z--Y--R.sub.4, in which Y is --O--, and R.sub.4 is
phenyl that is optionally substituted. In yet another example, a
compound of Formula X can be treated with N-hydroxyphthalimide in
the presence of a base, such as triethylamine, in a suitable
solvent such as DMF at ambient temperature. The phthalimide group
can then be removed from the resulting N-phthalimide-protected
hydroxylamine by treatment with hydrazine at ambient temperature in
a suitable solvent such as ethanol. The resulting hydroxylamine can
then be treated with one of numerous commercially available
aldehydes or ketones in a suitable solvent such as methanol to
provide a compound of Formula IIc wherein R.sub.3c is
--Z--Y--R.sub.4 or --Z--R.sub.5, where Y is
--O--N.dbd.C(R.sub.4)--, R.sub.5 is
##STR00094##
and R.sub.4, a, b, and A' are as defined above. Alternatively, the
hydroxylamine prepared after the hydrazine deprotection may be
treated with one of numerous acid chlorides, sulfonyl chloride,
isocyanates, carbamoyl chloride, or sulfamoyl chlorides using one
of the methods described in step (7) of Reaction Scheme IV to
provide a compound Formula IIc wherein R.sub.3c is --Z--Y--R.sub.4
where Y is --O--NH-Q-, and Q and R.sub.4 are as defined above.
##STR00095##
[0649] Compounds of the invention can also be prepared using
variations of the synthetic routes shown in Reaction Schemes I
through VI that would be apparent to one of skill in the art. For
example, the synthetic route shown in Reaction Scheme IV for the
preparation of quinolines having a R.sub.3a substituent can be used
to prepare [1,5]naphthyridines having a R.sub.3a substituent by
using a [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c][1,5]naphthyridinol in lieu of the
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolinol. Similarly, the synthetic routes
shown in Reaction Schemes V and VII can be carried out using a
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c][1,5]naphthyridinol instead of a
[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolinol as a starting material. Compounds of
the invention can also be prepared using the synthetic routes
described in the EXAMPLES below.
[0650] Prodrugs can be prepared in a variety of ways. For example,
a compound wherein R.sub.3 or R.sub.2 is --X--OH (e.g.
hydroxyalkyl) can be converted into a prodrug wherein R.sub.3 or
R.sub.2 is, for example, --X--O--C(R.sub.6)--R.sub.4,
--X--O--C(R.sub.6)--O--R.sub.4, or
--X--O--C(R.sub.6)--N(R.sub.8)--R.sub.4, wherein X, R.sub.4,
R.sub.6, and R.sub.8 are as defined above, using methods known to
one skilled in the art. In addition, a compound wherein R is
hydroxy may also be converted to an ester, an ether, a carbonate,
or a carbamate. For any of these compounds containing an alcohol
functional group, a prodrug can be formed by the replacement of the
hydrogen atom of the alcohol group with a group such as C.sub.1-6
alkanoyloxymethyl, 1-(C.sub.1-6 alkanoyloxy)ethyl,
1-methyl-1-(C.sub.1-6 alkanoyloxy)ethyl, C.sub.1-6
alkoxycarbonyloxymethyl, N--(C.sub.1-6 alkoxycarbonyl)aminomethyl,
succinoyl, C.sub.1-6 alkanoyl, .alpha.-aminoC.sub.1-4 alkanoyl,
arylacyl, --P(O)(OH).sub.2, --P(O)(O--C.sub.1-6 alkyl).sub.2,
C.sub.1-6 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.1-6 alkylcarbamoyl, and
.alpha.-aminoacyl or .alpha.-aminoacyl-.alpha.-aminoacyl, where
each .alpha.-aminoacyl group is independently selected from
racemic, D-, and L-amino acids. For compounds containing an alcohol
functional group, particularly useful prodrugs are esters made from
carboxylic acids containing one to six carbon atoms, unsubstituted
or substituted benzoic acid esters, or esters made from amino
acids. The reaction conditions described above in step (7) of
Reaction Scheme IV can be used.
[0651] Prodrugs can also be made from a compound containing an
amino group by conversion of the amino group to a functional group
such as an amide, carbamate, urea, amidine, or another hydrolyzable
group using conventional methods. A prodrug of this type can be
made by the replacement of a hydrogen atom in an amino group,
particularly the amino group at the 4-position, with a group such
as --C(O)--R', .alpha.-aminoacyl,
.alpha.-aminoacyl-.alpha.-aminoacyl, --C(O)--O--R',
--C(O)--N(R''')--R', --C(.dbd.NY')--R', --CH(OH)--C(O)--OY.sub.1,
--CH(OC.sub.1-4 alkyl)Y.sub.0, --CH.sub.2Y.sub.2, or
--CH(CH.sub.3)Y.sub.2; wherein R' and R''' are each independently
C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, phenyl, or benzyl, each of
which may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
halogen, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, arylC.sub.1-4 alkylenyl,
heteroarylC.sub.1-4 alkylenyl, haloC.sub.1-4 alkyl, haloC.sub.1-4
alkoxy, --O--C(O)--CH.sub.3, --C(O)--O--CH.sub.3, --C(O)--NH.sub.2,
--O--CH.sub.2--C(O)--NH.sub.2, --NH.sub.2, and
--S(O).sub.2--NH.sub.2, with the proviso that R''' can also be
hydrogen; each .alpha.-aminoacyl group is independently selected
from racemic, D-, and L-amino acids; Y.sub.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, or benzyl; Y.sub.0 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, carboxyC.sub.1-6
alkylenyl, aminoC.sub.1-4 alkylenyl, mono-N--C.sub.1-6
alkylaminoC.sub.1-4 alkylenyl, or di-N,N--C.sub.1-6
alkylaminoC.sub.1-4 alkylenyl; and Y.sub.2 is mono-N--C.sub.1-6
alkylamino, di-N,N--C.sub.1-6 alkylamino, morpholin-4-yl,
piperidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, or 4-C.sub.1-4
alkylpiperazin-1-yl. For compounds containing an amine functional
group, particularly useful prodrugs are amides derived from
carboxylic acids containing one to ten carbon atoms, amides dervied
from racemic, D-, or L-amino acids, and carbamates containing one
to ten carbon atoms. The reaction can be carried out, for example,
by combining a compound of Formula I, II, III, IV, V, or VI with a
chloroformate or acid chloride, such as ethyl chloroformate or
acetyl chloride, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine in
a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane at room temperature.
Pharmaceutical Compositions and Biological Activity
[0652] Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention contain a
therapeutically effective amount of a compound or salt described
above in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier.
[0653] The terms "a therapeutically effective amount" and
"effective amount" mean an amount of the compound or salt
sufficient to induce a therapeutic or prophylactic effect, such as
cytokine induction, immunomodulation, antitumor activity, and/or
antiviral activity. The exact amount of compound or salt used in a
pharmaceutical composition of the invention will vary according to
factors known to those of skill in the art, such as the physical
and chemical nature of the compound or salt, the nature of the
carrier, and the intended dosing regimen.
[0654] In some embodiments, the compositions of the invention will
contain sufficient active ingredient or prodrug to provide a dose
of about 100 nanograms per kilogram (ng/kg) to about 50 milligrams
per kilogram (mg/kg), preferably about 10 micrograms per kilogram
(.mu.g/kg) to about 5 mg/kg, of the compound or salt to the
subject.
[0655] In other embodiments, the compositions of the invention will
contain sufficient active ingredient or prodrug to provide a dose
of, for example, from about 0.01 mg/m.sup.2 to about 5.0
mg/m.sup.2, computed according to the Dubois method, in which the
body surface area of a subject (m.sup.2) is computed using the
subject's body weight: m.sup.2=(wt kg.sup.0.425.times.height
cm.sup.0.725).times.0.007184, although in some embodiments the
methods may be performed by administering a compound or salt or
composition in a dose outside this range. In some of these
embodiments, the method includes administering sufficient compound
to provide a dose of from about 0.1 mg/m.sup.2 to about 2.0
mg/m.sup.2 to the subject, for example, a dose of from about 0.4
mg/m.sup.2 to about 1.2 mg/m.sup.2.
[0656] A variety of dosage forms may be used, such as tablets,
lozenges, capsules, parenteral formulations, syrups, creams,
ointments, aerosol formulations, transdermal patches, transmucosal
patches and the like. These dosage forms can be prepared with
conventional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and additives
using conventional methods, which generally include the step of
bringing the active ingredient into association with the
carrier.
[0657] The compounds or salts of the invention can be administered
as the single therapeutic agent in the treatment regimen, or the
compounds or salts described herein may be administered in
combination with one another or with other active agents, including
additional immune response modifiers, antivirals, antibiotics,
antibodies, proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, etc.
[0658] Compounds or salts of the invention have been shown to
induce the production of certain cytokines in experiments performed
according to the tests set forth below. These results indicate that
the compounds or salts are useful for modulating the immune
response in a number of different ways, rendering them useful in
the treatment of a variety of disorders.
[0659] Cytokines whose production may be induced by the
administration of compounds or salts of the invention generally
include interferon-.alpha. (IFN-.alpha.) and tumor necrosis
factor-.alpha. (TNF-.alpha.) as well as certain interleukins (IL).
Cytokines whose biosynthesis may be induced by compounds or salts
of the invention include IFN-.alpha., TNF-.alpha., IL-1, IL-6,
IL-10 and IL-12, and a variety of other cytokines. Among other
effects, these and other cytokines can inhibit virus production and
tumor cell growth, making the compounds or salts useful in the
treatment of viral diseases and neoplastic diseases. Accordingly,
the invention provides a method of inducing cytokine biosynthesis
in an animal comprising administering an effective amount of a
compound or salt of the invention to the animal. The animal to
which the compound or salt is administered for induction of
cytokine biosynthesis may have a disease as described infra, for
example a viral disease or a neoplastic disease, and administration
of the compound or salt may provide therapeutic treatment.
Alternatively, the compound or salt may be administered to the
animal prior to the animal acquiring the disease so that
administration of the compound or salt may provide a prophylactic
treatment.
[0660] In addition to the ability to induce the production of
cytokines, compounds or salts described herein can affect other
aspects of the innate immune response. For example, natural killer
cell activity may be stimulated, an effect that may be due to
cytokine induction. The compounds or salts may also activate
macrophages, which in turn stimulate secretion of nitric oxide and
the production of additional cytokines. Further, the compounds or
salts may cause proliferation and differentiation of
B-lymphocytes.
[0661] Compounds or salts described herein can also have an effect
on the acquired immune response. For example, the production of the
T helper type 1 (TH1) cytokine IFN-.gamma. may be induced
indirectly and the production of the T helper type 2 (TH2)
cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 may be inhibited upon administration
of the compounds or salts.
[0662] Whether for prophylaxis or therapeutic treatment of a
disease, and whether for effecting innate or acquired immunity, the
compound or salt or composition may be administered alone or in
combination with one or more active components as in, for example,
a vaccine adjuvant. When administered with other components, the
compound or salt or composition and other component or components
may be administered separately; together but independently such as
in a solution; or together and associated with one another such as
(a) covalently linked or (b) non-covalently associated, e.g., in a
colloidal suspension.
[0663] Conditions for which compounds or salts or compositions
identified herein may be used as treatments include, but are not
limited to:
[0664] (a) viral diseases such as, for example, diseases resulting
from infection by an adenovirus, a herpesvirus (e.g., HSV-I,
HSV-II, CMV, or VZV), a poxvirus (e.g., an orthopoxvirus such as
variola or vaccinia, or molluscum contagiosum), a picornavirus
(e.g., rhinovirus or enterovirus), an orthomyxovirus (e.g.,
influenzavirus), a paramyxovirus (e.g., parainfluenzavirus, mumps
virus, measles virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)), a
coronavirus (e.g., SARS), a papovavirus (e.g., papillomaviruses,
such as those that cause genital warts, common warts, or plantar
warts), a hepadnavirus (e.g., hepatitis B virus), a flavivirus
(e.g., hepatitis C virus or Dengue virus), or a retrovirus (e.g., a
lentivirus such as HIV);
[0665] (b) bacterial diseases such as, for example, diseases
resulting from infection by bacteria of, for example, the genus
Escherichia, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Shigella,
Listeria, Aerobacter, Helicobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus,
Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Pneumococcus,
Neisseria, Clostridium, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium,
Campylobacter, Vibrio, Serratia, Providencia, Chromobacterium,
Brucella, Yersinia, Haemophilus, or Bordetella;
[0666] (c) other infectious diseases, such as chlamydia, fungal
diseases including but not limited to candidiasis, aspergillosis,
histoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis, or parasitic diseases
including but not limited to malaria, pneumocystis carnii
pneumonia, leishmaniasis, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, and
trypanosome infection;
[0667] (d) neoplastic diseases, such as intraepithelial neoplasias,
cervical dysplasia, actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma,
squamous cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma,
melanoma, leukemias including but not limited to acute myeloid
leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia,
chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, Hodgkin's lymphoma,
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma,
and hairy cell leukemia, and other cancers;
[0668] (e) T.sub.H2-mediated, atopic diseases, such as atopic
dermatitis or eczema, eosinophilia, asthma, allergy, allergic
rhinitis, and Ommen's syndrome;
[0669] (f) certain autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus
erythematosus, essential thrombocythaemia, multiple sclerosis,
discoid lupus, alopecia areata; and
[0670] (g) diseases associated with wound repair such as, for
example, inhibition of keloid formation and other types of scarring
(e g , enhancing wound healing, including chronic wounds).
[0671] Additionally, a compound or salt identified herein may be
useful as a vaccine adjuvant for use in conjunction with any
material that raises either humoral and/or cell mediated immune
response, such as, for example, live viral, bacterial, or parasitic
immunogens; inactivated viral, tumor-derived, protozoal,
organism-derived, fungal, or bacterial immunogens; toxoids; toxins;
self-antigens; polysaccharides; proteins; glycoproteins; peptides;
cellular vaccines; DNA vaccines; autologous vaccines; recombinant
proteins; and the like, for use in connection with, for example,
BCG, cholera, plague, typhoid, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis
C, influenza A, influenza B, parainfluenza, polio, rabies, measles,
mumps, rubella, yellow fever, tetanus, diphtheria, hemophilus
influenza b, tuberculosis, meningococcal and pneumococcal vaccines,
adenovirus, HIV, chicken pox, cytomegalovirus, dengue, feline
leukemia, fowl plague, HSV-1 and HSV-2, hog cholera, Japanese
encephalitis, respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus, papilloma
virus, yellow fever, and Alzheimer's Disease.
[0672] Compounds or salts identified herein may be particularly
helpful in individuals having compromised immune function. For
example, compounds or salts may be used for treating the
opportunistic infections and tumors that occur after suppression of
cell mediated immunity in, for example, transplant patients, cancer
patients and HIV patients.
[0673] Thus, one or more of the above diseases or types of
diseases, for example, a viral disease or a neoplastic disease may
be treated in an animal in need thereof (having the disease) by
administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or
salt of the invention to the animal.
[0674] An animal may also be vaccinated by administering an
effective amount of a compound or salt described herein, as a
vaccine adjuvant. In one embodiment, there is provided a method of
vaccinating an animal comprising administering an effective amount
of a compound or salt described herein to the animal as a vaccine
adjuvant.
[0675] An amount of a compound or salt effective to induce cytokine
biosynthesis is an amount sufficient to cause one or more cell
types, such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and B-cells
to produce an amount of one or more cytokines such as, for example,
IFN-.alpha., TNF-.alpha., IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 that is
increased (induced) over a background level of such cytokines. The
precise amount will vary according to factors known in the art but
is expected to be a dose of about 100 ng/kg to about 50 mg/kg,
preferably about 10 .mu.g/kg to about 5 mg/kg. In other
embodiments, the amount is expected to be a dose of, for example,
from about 0.01 mg/m.sup.2 to about 5.0 mg/m.sup.2, (computed
according to the Dubois method as described above) although in some
embodiments the induction or inhibition of cytokine biosynthesis
may be performed by administering a compound or salt in a dose
outside this range. In some of these embodiments, the method
includes administering sufficient compound or salt or composition
to provide a dose of from about 0.1 mg/m.sup.2 to about 2.0
mg/m.sup.2 to the subject, for example, a dose of from about 0.4
mg/m.sup.2 to about 1.2 mg/m.sup.2.
[0676] The invention also provides a method of treating a viral
infection in an animal and a method of treating a neoplastic
disease in an animal comprising administering an effective amount
of a compound or salt of the invention to the animal. An amount
effective to treat or inhibit a viral infection is an amount that
will cause a reduction in one or more of the manifestations of
viral infection, such as viral lesions, viral load, rate of virus
production, and mortality as compared to untreated control animals.
The precise amount that is effective for such treatment will vary
according to factors known in the art but is expected to be a dose
of about 100 ng/kg to about 50 mg/kg, preferably about 10 .mu.g/kg
to about 5 mg/kg. An amount of a compound or salt effective to
treat a neoplastic condition is an amount that will cause a
reduction in tumor size or in the number of tumor foci. Again, the
precise amount will vary according to factors known in the art but
is expected to be a dose of about 100 ng/kg to about 50 mg/kg,
preferably about 10 .mu.g/kg to about 5 mg/kg. In other
embodiments, the amount is expected to be a dose of, for example,
from about 0.01 mg/m.sup.2 to about 5.0 mg/m.sup.2, (computed
according to the Dubois method as described above) although in some
embodiments either of these methods may be performed by
administering a compound or salt in a dose outside this range. In
some of these embodiments, the method includes administering
sufficient compound or salt to provide a dose of from about 0.1
mg/m.sup.2 to about 2.0 mg/m.sup.2 to the subject, for example, a
dose of from about 0.4 mg/m.sup.2 to about 1.2 mg/m.sup.2.
[0677] In addition to the formulations and uses described
specifically herein, other formulations, uses, and administration
devices suitable for compounds of the present invention are
described in, for example, International Publication Nos. WO
03/077944 and WO 02/036592, U.S. Pat. No. 6,245,776, and U.S.
Publication Nos. 2003/0139364, 2003/185835, 2004/0258698,
2004/0265351, 2004/076633, and 2005/0009858.
[0678] Objects and advantages of this invention are further
illustrated by the following examples, but the particular materials
and amounts thereof recited in these examples, as well as other
conditions and details, should not be construed to unduly limit
this invention.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
7-(2-Morpholin-4-ylethoxy)-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
##STR00096##
[0679] Part A
[0680] A mixture of triethyl orthoformate (92 milliliters (mL),
0.55 moles (mol)) and 2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]-dioxane-4,6-dione (75.3
grams (g), 0.522 mol) (Meldrum's acid) was heated at 55.degree. C.
for 90 minutes and then cooled to 45.degree. C. A solution of
3-benzyloxyaniline (100.2 g, 0.5029 mol) in methanol (200 mL) was
slowly added to the reaction over a period 45 minutes while
maintaining the reaction temperature below 50.degree. C. The
reaction was then heated at 45.degree. C. for one hour, allowed to
cool to room temperature, and stirred overnight. The reaction
mixture was cooled to 1.degree. C., and the product was isolated by
filtration and washed with cold ethanol (approximately 400 mL)
until the filtrate was colorless.
5-{[(3-Benzyloxy)phenylimino]methyl}-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]-dioxane-4,6-dione
(170.65 g) was isolated as a tan, powdery solid. .sup.1H NMR (300
MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 11.21 (d, J=14.2 Hz, 1H), 8.61 (d,
J=14.2 Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.30 (m, 7H), 7.12 (dd, J=8.1, 1.96 Hz, 1H),
6.91 (dd, J=8.4, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (s, 2H), 1.68 (s, 6H).
Part B
[0681] A mixture of
5-{[(3-benzyloxy)phenylimino]methyl}-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]-dioxane-4,6-dione
(170.65 g, 0.483 mol) and DOWTHERM A (800 mL) heat transfer fluid
was heated to 100.degree. C. and then slowly added to a flask
containing DOWTHERM A (1.3 liters (L), heated at 210.degree. C.)
heat transfer fluid over a period of 40 minutes. During the
addition, the reaction temperature was not allowed to fall below
207.degree. C. Following the addition, the reaction was stirred at
210.degree. C. for one hour, and then allowed to cool to ambient
temperature. A precipitate formed, which was isolated by
filtration, washed sequentially with diethyl ether (1.7 L) and
acetone (0.5 L), and dried in an oven to provide 76.5 g of
7-benzyloxyquinolin-4-ol as a tan powder. .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz,
DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 11.53 (s, 1H), 7.99 (dd, J=2.4, 7.4 Hz, 1H),
7.79 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.50-7.32 (m, 5H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 6.98 (dd,
J=2.5, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 5.93 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.20 (s, 2H).
Part C
[0682] A mixture of 7-benzyloxyquinolin-4-ol (71.47 g, 0.2844 mol)
and propionic acid (700 mL) was heated to 125.degree. C. with
vigorous stirring. Nitric acid (23.11 mL of 16 molar (M)) was
slowly added over a period of 30 minutes while maintaining the
reaction temperature between 121.degree. C. and 125.degree. C.
After the addition, the reaction was stirred at 125.degree. C. for
one hour then allowed to cool to room temperature. The resulting
solid was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried in
an oven for 1.5 days to provide 69.13 g of
7-benzyloxy-3-nitroquinolin-4-ol as a grayish powder. .sup.1H NMR
(300 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 12.77 (s, 1H), 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.17
(dd, J=3.3, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 7.51-7.33 (m, 5H), 7.21-7.17 (m, 2H), 5.25
(s, 2H). Material from a separate run was used in the next
step.
Part D
[0683] A mixture of 7-benzyloxy-3-nitroquinolin-4-ol (10.67 g, 36.0
millimoles (mmol)) and 5% platinum on carbon (1.05 g) in
N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (110 mL) was hydrogenated on a Parr
apparatus. The mixture was filtered through CELITE filter agent.
The CELITE filter agent was rinsed with DMF (20 mL). The filtrate
was cooled in an ice bath and acidified with hydrogen chloride gas,
resulting in the formation of a reddish-brown solid. The solid was
isolated by filtration, washed with acetone, and dried in a vacuum
oven at 60.degree. C. to provide 8.17 g of
3-amino-7-benzyloxyquinolin-4-ol hydrochloride as a tan solid.
Part E
[0684] To a solution of the crude 3-amino-7-benzyloxyquinolin-4-ol
hydrochloride (8.03 g, 26.5 mmol) prepared in Part D and
triethylamine (7.40 mL, 53 mmol) in dichloromethane at 0.degree. C.
was added butyryl chloride (2.75 mL, 26.5 mmol) dropwise. The
solution was stirred at 0.degree. C. for ten minutes, and then the
cooling bath was removed. A solid formed that was isolated by
filtration and washed with a small amount of dichloromethane. The
solid was triturated with water (75 mL) and was isolated by
filtration. The solid was rinsed sequentially with water and
diethyl ether and dried at 60.degree. C. in a vacuum oven to
provide 8.03 g of N-(7-benzyloxy-4-hydroxyquinolin-3-yl)butyramide,
containing a small amount of triethylamine hydrochloride as
determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy CH
NMR) analysis.
Part F
[0685] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a mixture of the
N-(7-benzyloxy-4-hydroxyquinolin-3-yl)butyramide prepared in Part E
(2.97 g, 8.83 mmol), phosphorus pentasulfide (1.96 g, 4.41 mmol),
and pyridine was heated to reflux. The resulting solution was
cooled and the excess phosphorus pentasulfide was quenched slowly
with 10% aqueous sodium carbonate (10 mL). The reaction mixture was
partitioned between water (40 mL) and dichloromethane (100 mL). The
organic layer was washed with 0.1 M aqueous hydrochloric acid (50
mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under
reduced pressure to yield a brownish-yellow solid. The solid was
recrystallized from heptane (40 mL, hot filtration). The crystals
were isolated by filtration and washed with cold heptane to provide
1.74 g of 7-benzyloxy-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline as a
light yellow solid.
Part G
[0686] To a solution of
7-benzyloxy-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline (4.89 g, 14.6
mmol) in dichloromethane (75 mL) at room temperature was added
3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) (5.82 g of 65% purity, 21.93
mmol) in portions. After one hour of stirring, the mixture was
washed with 10% aqueous sodium carbonate (2.times.50 mL). The
combined washings were extracted with dichloromethane (50 mL), and
the combined organic fractions were washed with water (75 mL),
dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated under reduced
pressure, and dried under high vacuum to yield 4.93 g of
7-benzyloxy-5-oxido-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline as a
light yellow solid.
Part H
[0687] To a light orange solution of
7-benzyloxy-5-oxido-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline (4.93 g,
14.1 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 mL) at 0.degree. C. was added
trichloroacetyl isocyanate (2.00 mL, 16.9 mmol). The solution was
allowed to warm to room temperature and was stirred for 20 hours.
The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the
residue,
N-(7-benzyloxy-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-yl)-2,2,2-trichloro-
acetamide, was used without further manipulation in the next
step.
Part I
[0688] To a stirred mixture of
N-(7-benzyloxy-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-yl)-2,2,2-trichloro-
acetamide (6.96 g, 14.9 mmol) in methanol (100 mL) at room
temperature was added sodium methoxide (11.3 mL of a 25 weight %
solution in methanol, 52.1 mmol). After a few minutes a solution
formed from which a solid precipitated. The reaction mixture was
concentrated under reduced pressure and further dried under vacuum.
The resulting solid was suspended in a minimal amount of methanol
(50 mL) and was isolated by filtration. The solid was washed with
methanol to provide 3.93 g of
7-benzyloxy-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine as a light
yellow solid, mp 175-178.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz,
d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 7.67 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.29 (m, 5H),
7.10 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (dd, J=8.7, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (s, 2H),
5.20 (s, 2H), 3.09 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 1.84 (sextet, J=7.2 Hz, 2H),
0.99 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H); .sup.13C NMR (75 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta.
169.1, 158.9, 152.4, 146.5, 139.4, 137.0, 136.0, 128.4, 127.8,
127.6, 125.7, 113.3, 113.2, 107.8, 69.3, 35.1, 22.8, 13.5; MS
(APCI) m/z 350.0 (M+H.sup.+).
Part J
[0689] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a solution of hydrogen bromide
in acetic acid (50 mL of 30% weight/weight (w/w)) was added to
7-benzyloxy-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine (3.55 g,
10.2 mmol), and the reaction was heated at 65.degree. C. for 30
minutes and then cooled to approximately 0.degree. C. Aqueous
sodium hydroxide (50% w/w) was added slowly to adjust the reaction
mixture to pH 7. A light yellow solid formed, which was isolated by
filtration and air-dried to provide
4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-ol acetic acid
salt.
Part K
[0690] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, cesium carbonate (6.29 g, 19.3
mmol) was added to a suspension of the material from Part J (3.86
mmol) in DMF (20 mL), and the reaction mixture was heated at
75.degree. C. for 30 minutes. 4-(2-Chloroethyl)morpholine
hydrochloride (0.90 g, 4.8 mmol) was then added, and the mixture
was stirred at 75.degree. C. overnight. The solvent was then
removed under reduced pressure at 65.degree. C. The resulting solid
was partitioned between dichloromethane (100 mL) and water (100
mL). The organic layer was washed sequentially with water (50 mL)
and brine (50 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and
concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting dark brown solid
was purified by column chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC system
(an automated, modular high-performance flash purification product
available from Biotage, Inc, Charlottesville, Va., USA) (silica
cartridge, eluting with 0 to 30% 80:18:2
chloroform/methanol/concentrated ammonium hydroxide (CMA) in
chloroform) to provide 0.48 g of a light yellow solid after drying
under high vacuum. The solid was recrystallized from tert-butyl
methyl ether (30 mL, hot filtration), and the crystals were washed
with cold tert-butyl methyl ether and dried in a vacuum oven at
60.degree. C. to provide 0.32 g of
7-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
as light yellow needles, mp 122-125.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (500
MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 7.65 (d, J=8.5, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=2.5,
1H), 6.90 (dd, J=8.5, 2.5, 1H), 6.79 (s, 2H), 4.17 (t, J=5.6, 2H),
3.58 (t, J=4.8, 4H), 3.11 (t, J=7.6, 2H), 2.72 (t, J=5.6, 2H), 2.48
(m, 4H), 1.84 (sextet, J=7.5, 2H), 1.00 (t, J=7.5, 3H); .sup.13C
NMR (125 Hz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 169.0, 159.0, 152.3, 146.5,
139.3, 136.0, 125.7, 113.1, 113.0, 107.3, 66.1, 65.4, 57.0, 53.6,
35.1, 22.7, 13.4;
[0691] Anal. calcd for C.sub.19H.sub.24N.sub.4O.sub.2S: C, 61.27;
H, 6.49; N, 15.04. Found: C, 61.24; H, 6.54; N, 14.94.
Example 2
2-Propyl-7-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethoxy)[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
##STR00097##
[0693] The method described in Part K of Example 1 was used to
treat the material from Part J of Example 1 (5.40 mmol) in DMF (25
mL) with cesium carbonate (11.00 g, 33.75 mmol) and
1-(2-chloroethyl)pyrrolidine hydrochloride (1.15 g, 6.75 mmol) with
the modification that the reaction was carried out at 70.degree. C.
instead of 75.degree. C. The purification methods described in Part
K of Example 1 were used to provide 0.33 g of
2-propyl-7-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethoxy)[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
as light yellow needles, mp 124-127.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (500
MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.59 (d, J=8.8, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=2.2, 1H),
6.98 (dd, J=8.9, 2.5, 1H), 5.51 (s, 2H), 4.22 (t, J=5.7, 2H), 3.09
(t, J=7.6, 2H) 2.95 (t, J=6.0, 2H), 2.63 (m, 4H), 1.93 (sextet,
J=7.5, 2H), 1.80 (m, 4H), 1.07 (t, J=7.2, 3H); .sup.13C NMR (125
Hz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 169.7, 159.8, 151.8, 146.2, 140.7, 136.4,
125.6, 115.0, 114.3, 107.5, 67.2, 55.1, 54.7, 36.0, 23.5, 23.2,
13.7;
[0694] Anal. calcd for C.sub.19H.sub.24N.sub.4OS: C, 64.02; H,
6.79; N, 15.72. Found: C, 63.85; H, 6.65; N, 15.64.
Example 3
7-(2-Piperidin-1-ylethoxy)-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
##STR00098##
[0696] The method described in Part K of Example 1 were used to
treat the material from Part J of Example 1 (5.67 mmol) in DMF (25
mL) with cesium carbonate (9.24 g, 28.4 mmol) and
1-(2-chloroethyl)piperidine hydrochloride (1.30 g, 7.09 mmol) with
the modification that the reaction was carried out at 70.degree. C.
instead of 75.degree. C. The purification methods described in Part
K of Example 1 were used, with the modification that
chromatographic purification was carried out eluting with 0 to 35%
CMA in chloroform, to provide 0.41 g of
7-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
as light yellow needles, mp 141-143.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (500
MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 7.65 (d, J=8.9, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=2.5,
1H), 6.89 (dd, J=8.9, 2.2, 1H), 6.79 (s, 2H), 4.14 (t, J=6.0, 2H),
3.10 (t, J=7.5, 2H), 2.67 (t, J=6.0, 2H), 2.43 (m, 4H), 1.84
(sextet, J=7.5, 2H), 1.49 (quin, J=4.6, 4H), 1.36 (m 2H), 1.00 (t,
J=7.6, 3H); .sup.13C NMR (125 Hz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 169.0,
159.1, 152.4, 146.5, 139.4, 136.0, 125.7, 113.1, 113.0, 107.3,
65.7, 57.3, 54.4, 35.1, 25.6, 23.9, 22.7, 13.4;
[0697] Anal. calcd for C.sub.20H.sub.26N.sub.4OS: C, 64.83; H,
7.07; N, 15.12. Found: C, 64.52; H, 7.37; N, 14.80.
Example 4
tert-Butyl
3-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]propy-
lcarbamate
##STR00099##
[0698] Part A
[0699] A solution of 3-amino-1-propanol (14.88 g, 0.1981 mol) in
dichloromethane (130 mL) was cooled to approximately 0.degree. C.,
and a solution of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (46.70 g, 0.2140 mol)
in dichloromethane (100 mL) was added dropwise over a period of 45
minutes. Upon the completion of the addition, the resulting
solution was washed sequentially with aqueous sodium carbonate
(2.times.100 mL of 2 M), acetic acid (2.times.50 mL of 5% w/w), and
brine (75 mL); dried over magnesium sulfate; filtered; and
concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 39.02 g of
tert-butyl 3-hydroxypropylcarbamate as a colorless oil containing
some tert-butanol.
Part B
[0700] A mixture of tert-butyl 3-hydroxypropylcarbamate (19.36 g,
110.5 mmol), triphenylphosphine (34.76 g, 132.6 mmol), imidazole
(10.53 g, 154.7 mmol), diethyl ether (500 mL), and acetonitrile
(150 mL) was cooled to approximately 0.degree. C., and iodine
(36.45 g, 143.6 mmol) was added in one portion. The reaction
mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature slowly and stirred
overnight. A precipitate formed, which was removed by filtration
and washed with a small amount of diethyl ether. The filtrate was
washed sequentially with water (2.times.500 mL), saturated aqueous
sodium thiosulfate (2.times.250 mL), water (250 mL), and brine (250
mL); dried over magnesium sulfate; filtered; and concentrated under
reduced pressure to provide a mixture of a yellow oil and a white
solid. The mixture was diluted with heptane (50 mL) and filtered to
remove the solid, which was washed with heptane (50 mL). The
filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide an oil
that was diluted with heptane (50 mL) and filtered to remove a
solid, which was washed with heptane (50 mL). The filtrate was
concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 22.60 g of
tert-butyl 3-iodopropylcarbamate as a yellow oil containing about 9
mol % triphenylphosphine oxide as determined by .sup.1H NMR.
Part C
[0701] To 7-benzyloxy-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline
(prepared as described in Part F of Example 1, 4.52 g, 13.5 mmol)
was added hydrogen bromide (40 mL of a 45 wt. % solution in acetic
acid). The resulting solution was heated at 65.degree. C. for 1.5
hours and then cooled in an ice bath. Aqueous sodium hydroxide (50%
w/w solution) was added slowly to adjust the solution to pH 7, and
a light yellow solid formed. The solid was isolated by filtration,
dried, and then suspended in boiling ethanol (25 mL) for 5 minutes.
The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, and a tan
solid was isolated by filtration. The solid was washed with cold
ethanol and dried in a vacuum oven to yield 2.69 g of
2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-ol. Material from a separate
run was used in the next step.
Part D
[0702] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, cesium carbonate (10.13 g,
31.07 mmol) was added to a suspension of
2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-ol (5.06 g, 20.7 mmol) in
DMF (110 mL), and the reaction mixture was heated at 65.degree. C.
A solution of tert-butyl 3-iodopropylcarbamate (7.08 g, 24.8 mmol)
in DMF (20 mL) was added dropwise with stirring. The reaction
mixture was stirred at 65.degree. C. overnight. The solvent was
then removed under reduced pressure at 65.degree. C. The resulting
solid was partitioned between dichloromethane (250 mL) and water
(250 mL). The organic layer was washed sequentially with saturated
aqueous sodium thiosulfate (100 mL), water (100 mL), and brine (100
mL); dried over magnesium sulfate; filtered; and concentrated under
reduced pressure. The resulting solid was purified by column
chromatography on silica gel (eluting with 0 to 4% methanol in
chloroform) to provide 5.36 g of tert-butyl
3-[(2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]propylcarbamate
as a light yellow solid.
Part E
[0703] The method described in Part G of Example 1 was used to
treat tert-butyl
3-[(2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]propylcarbamate
(1.20 g, 2.99 mmol) with mCPBA (1.19 g of 65% pure material, 4.49
mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) with the modification that the
reaction was stirred overnight. tert-Butyl
3-[(5-oxido-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]propylcarbamate
(1.08 g) was obtained as a light yellow solid.
Part F
[0704] A solution of tert-butyl
3-[(5-oxido-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]propylcarbamate
(1.08 g, 2.59 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (25 mL) was heated in a
sealed tube to 65.degree. C., and then ammonium hydroxide (5 mL of
30% solution) and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (0.49 g, 2.8 mmol)
were added. The reaction was heated at 65.degree. C. for 24 hours
and then diluted with dichloromethane (50 mL). The resulting
mixture was washed with aqueous sodium carbonate (2.times.50 mL of
2 M), and the combined washings were extracted with dichloromethane
(2.times.50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed
sequentially with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried over
magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced
pressure. The resulting light brown solid was purified by column
chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC system (silica cartridge,
eluting with 0 to 18% CMA in chloroform) to provide 0.72 g of a
light yellow solid after drying under high vacuum. The solid was
recrystallized from tert-butyl methyl ether (40 mL, hot
filtration), and the crystals were washed with cold tert-butyl
methyl ether and dried in a vacuum oven at 40.degree. C. overnight
to provide tert-butyl
3-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]propylcarbamate
as off-white needles, mp 146-149.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz,
d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 7.66 (d, J=8.8, 1H), 7.01 (d, J=2.5, 1H),
6.90 (t, J=2.5, 1H), 6.88 (dd, J=9.0, 2.5, 1H), 6.77 (s, 2H), 4.05
(t, J=6.3, 2H), 3.11 (t, J=7.2, 2H), 3.08 (t, J=3.4, 2H), 1.90-1.78
(m, 4H), 1.36 (s, 9H), 1.00 (t, J=7.5, 3H); .sup.13C NMR (75 MHz,
d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 169.0, 159.2, 155.6, 152.3, 146.5, 139.4,
136.0, 126.6, 125.6, 113.1, 113.0, 107.2, 79.1, 77.5, 65.3, 36.9,
35.1, 29.2, 28.2, 22.8, 13.4;
[0705] Anal. calcd for C.sub.21H.sub.28N.sub.4O.sub.3S: C, 60.55;
H, 6.78; N, 13.45. Found: C, 60.64; H, 6.82; N, 13.57.
Example 5
N-{3-[(4-Amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]propyl}methan-
e sulfonamide
##STR00100##
[0706] Part A
[0707] A solution of hydrogen chloride in ethanol (2 mL of 4.25 M)
was added to a suspension of tert-butyl
3-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]propylcarbamate
(0.69 g, 1.66 mmol) in ethanol (15 mL), and the reaction was heated
at 80.degree. C. for 30 minutes, allowed to cool to room
temperature, and stirred overnight. The solvent was removed under
reduced pressure, and dichloromethane (100 mL) was added. The
resulting solution was washed with water (100 mL). The aqueous
fraction was made basic with the addition of ammonium hydroxide,
and the resulting solution was extracted with dichloromethane
(2.times.50 mL). The organic fractions were combined, washed with
brine (75 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and
concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 0.58 g of
7-(3-aminopropoxy)-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
containing some impurities.
Part B
[0708] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a suspension of the material
from Part A and triethylamine (0.51 mL, 3.7 mmol) in
dichloromethane (25 mL) was cooled to approximately 0.degree. C.
Methanesulfonyl chloride (0.14 mL, 1.8 mmol) was added dropwise,
and the reaction was allowed to slowly warm to room temperature and
stirred overnight. An analysis by high-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC) indicated that starting material remained.
The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was
suspended in chloroform (80 mL) with triethylamine (5 mL).
Methanesulfonyl chloride (0.14 mL, 1.8 mmol) was added, and the
reaction was stirred at room temperature for 5.5 hours. The
reaction was monitored by HPLC, and additional methanesulfonyl
chloride (0.84 mL, 11 mmol) was added over the course of four days.
The reaction mixture was partitioned between chloroform (50 mL) and
water (100 mL). The organic fraction was washed with brine
(2.times.50 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and
concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting light yellow
solid was purified by column chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC
system (silica cartridge, eluting with 0 to 25% CMA in chloroform),
and the purified product was dried in a vacuum oven at 60.degree.
C. overnight to provide 0.17 g of
N-{3-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]propyl}metha-
nesulfonamide as off-white needles, mp 168-171.degree. C. .sup.1H
NMR (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 7.66 (d, J=8.7, 1H), 7.08 (t,
J=5.9, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=2.5, 1H), 6.90 (dd, J=8.8, 2.5, 1H), 6.79
(s, 2H), 4.12 (t, J=6.2, 2H), 3.17-3.08 (m, 4H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 1.93
(sextet, J=6.6, 2H), 1.84 (sextet, J=7.2, 2H), 1.00 (t, J=7.5, 3H);
.sup.13C NMR (75 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 169.0, 159.1, 152.3,
146.5, 139.3, 135.9, 125.6, 113.1, 107.3, 64.9, 39.4, 39.2, 35.0,
29.2, 22.7, 13.4;
[0709] Anal. calcd for C.sub.17H.sub.22N.sub.4O.sub.3S.sub.2: C,
51.76; H, 5.62; N, 14.20. Found: C, 51.53; H, 5.37; N, 14.10.
Example 6
N-{3-[(4-Amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]propyl}-5-(di-
methylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonamide
##STR00101##
[0711] Pyridine (5 mL) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (100 mg) were
added to
7-(3-aminopropoxy)-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
(0.93 g, 2.9 mmol, prepared according to the method described in
Part A of Example 5) in dichloromethane (40 mL).
5-Dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (0.95 g, 3.5 mmol,
dansyl chloride) were sequentially added to the mixture, and the
resulting yellow solution was stirred overnight under a nitrogen
atmosphere at room temperature. An analysis by HPLC indicated the
presence of starting material, and additional dansyl chloride (240
mg) was added. The reaction was stirred for two hours and then
mixed with water (100 mL). The aqueous fraction was extracted with
chloroform (2.times.100 mL), and the combined organic fractions
were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate,
filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting
light yellow solid was purified by column chromatography using a
HORIZON HPFC system (silica cartridge, eluting with 0 to 20% CMA in
chloroform), and the purified product was dried under high vacuum
to provide 1.17 g of
N-{3-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]propyl}-5-(d-
imethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonamide as a light yellow solid, mp
143-146.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 8.41
(d, J=8.5, 1H), 8.30 (d, J=8.8, 1H), 8.10 (dd, J=7.2, 1.3, 1H),
7.98 (t, J=6.0, 1H), 7.60-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.20 (d, J=6.9, 1H), 6.88
(d, J=2.6, 1H), 6.75 (s, 2H), 6.71 (dd, J=8.8, 2.5, 1H), 5.74 (s,
1H), 3.93 (t, J=6.0, 2H), 3.11 (t, J=7.6, 2H), 2.98 (q, J=6.7, 2H),
2.77 (s, 6H), 1.88-1.78 (m, 4H), 1.00 (t, J=7.5, 3H); .sup.13C NMR
(75 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 168.9, 158.9, 152.3, 151.3, 146.4,
139.3, 135.9, 135.8, 129.4, 129.0, 128.3, 127.7, 125.5, 123.4,
118.9, 115.0, 113.0, 112.9, 107.2, 64.6, 44.9, 39.3, 35.0, 28.9,
22.7, 13.4.
Example 7
7-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethoxy)-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-am-
ine
##STR00102##
[0712] Part A
[0713] A solution of bromoacetyl bromide (3.0 mL, 0.034 mol) in
dichloromethane (240 mL) was cooled to -25.degree. C. A solution of
morpholine (9.0 mL, 0.10 mol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) was slowly
added over a period of one hour. After the addition was complete,
the reaction was stirred at -25.degree. C. for 15 minutes and
allowed to warm to ambient temperature. Dichloromethane was added,
and the resulting solution was washed with water, 1N aqueous
hydrogen chloride, and brine; dried over magnesium sulfate;
filtered; and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide
4-(bromoacetyl)morpholine as a colorless oil.
Part B
[0714] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, cesium carbonate (4.44 g, 13.6
mmol) was added to a suspension of
2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-ol (2.22 g, 9.09 mmol) in
DMF (50 mL), and the reaction mixture was heated at 75.degree. C.
for 15 minutes. A solution of 4-(bromoacetyl)morpholine (2.26 g,
10.9 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added dropwise with stirring. The
reaction mixture was stirred at 75.degree. C. for 2.25 hours. The
solvent was then removed under reduced pressure at 75.degree. C.
The resulting solid was partitioned between dichloromethane (250
mL) and water (250 mL). The organic layer was washed sequentially
with water (100 mL) and brine (100 mL), dried over magnesium
sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The
resulting solid was purified by column chromatography using a
HORIZON HPFC system (silica cartridge, eluting with 0 to 20% CMA in
chloroform), and the purified product was dried under high vacuum
to provide 2.84 g of
7-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethoxy)-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline
as a light yellow solid. A portion of the product (0.37 g) was
recrystallized from teat-butyl methyl ether (40 mL), and the
crystals were washed with cold tert-butyl methyl ether and dried in
a vacuum oven at 40.degree. C. overnight to provide the following
analytical data, mp 133-136.degree. C.
[0715] Anal. calcd for C.sub.19H.sub.21N.sub.3O.sub.3S: C, 61.44;
H, 5.70; N, 11.31. Found: C, 61.26; H, 5.74; N, 11.25.
Part C
[0716] The method described in Part G of Example 1 was used to
treat
7-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethoxy)-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline
(2.45 g, 6.60 mmol) with mCPBA (2.28 g of 65% pure material, 8.57
mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) to provide 2.58 g of
7-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethoxy)-5-oxido-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quin-
oline as a light yellow solid.
Part D
[0717] The method described in Part F of Example 4 was used to
treat
7-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethoxy)-5-oxido-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quin-
oline (2.58 g, 6.66 mmol) with ammonium hydroxide (15 mL of 30%)
and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (1.26 g, 7.33 mmol) in
1,2-dichloroethane (60 mL). The reaction was complete in four
hours. The resulting light brown solid was purified by column
chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC system (silica cartridge,
eluting with 0 to 5% CMA in chloroform followed by 25% CMA in
chloroform) to provide 1.88 g of a light yellow solid after drying
under high vacuum. The solid was recrystallized from 2-propanol
(175 mL), and the crystals were washed with cold 2-propanol and
dried in a vacuum oven at 60.degree. C. overnight to provide 1.54 g
of
7-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethoxy)-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-a-
mine as white needles, mp 200-203.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz,
d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 7.68 (d, J=8.7, 1H), 7.02 (d, J=2.5, 1H),
6.92 (dd, J=8.8, 2.5, 1H), 6.80 (s, 2H), 4.93 (s, 2H), 3.61-3.47
(m, 8H), 3.11 (t, J=7.8, 2H), 1.84 (sextet, J=7.2, 2H), 1.02 (t,
J=7.5, 3H); .sup.13C NMR (75 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 169.1,
165.9, 158.5, 152.4, 146.3, 139.3, 136.0, 125.6, 113.3, 113.0,
107.7, 66.05, 65.9, 44.8, 41.6, 35.1, 22.7, 13.4;
[0718] Anal. calcd for C.sub.19H.sub.22N.sub.4O.sub.3S: C, 59.05;
H, 5.74; N, 14.50. Found: C, 59.08; H, 5.53; N, 14.20.
Example 8
tert-Butyl
6-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]hexyl-
carbamate
##STR00103##
[0719] Part A
[0720] The methods described in Parts A and B of Example 4 were
used to treat 6-amino-1-hexanol (10.0 g, 85.3 mmol) with
di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (20.1 g, 92.2 mmol) and treat the
resulting product with triphenylphosphine (26.14 g, 99.7 mmol),
imidazole (7.92 g, 116.3 mmol), and iodine (27.41 g, 108.0 mmol).
The resulting light yellow oil (19.36 g) was purified by column
chromatography (silica gel, eluting with dichloromethane) to
provide 13.53 g of tert-butyl 6-iodohexylcarbamate as a light
yellow oil.
Part B
[0721] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, cesium carbonate (2.58 g, 7.92
mmol) was added to a suspension of
2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-ol (1.29 g, 5.28 mmol) in
DMF (25 mL), and the reaction mixture was heated to 65.degree. C. A
solution of tert-butyl 6-iodohexylcarbamate (1.90 g, 5.81 mmol) in
DMF (10 mL) was added dropwise with stirring. The reaction mixture
was stirred at 65.degree. C. for 5.5 hours. The solvent was then
removed under reduced pressure at 65.degree. C. The resulting solid
was partitioned between dichloromethane (100 mL) and water (100
mL). The organic layer was washed sequentially with saturated
aqueous sodium thiosulfate (50 mL), water (50 mL), and brine (50
mL); dried over magnesium sulfate; filtered; and concentrated under
reduced pressure. The resulting solid was purified by column
chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC system (silica cartridge,
eluting with 0 to 6% CMA in chloroform), and the purified product
was dried under high vacuum to provide 1.79 g of tert-butyl
6-[(2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]hexylcarbamate as
a light yellow solid.
Part C
[0722] The method described in Part G of Example 1 was used to
treat tert-butyl
6-[(2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]hexylcarbamate
(1.80 g, 4.06 mmol) with mCPBA (1.62 g of 65% pure material, 6.09
mmol) in dichloromethane (30 mL) with the modification that the
reaction was stirred for 2.5 hours. tert-Butyl
6-[(5-oxido-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]hexylcarbamate
(1.79 g) was obtained as a light yellow solid.
Part D
[0723] The method described in Part F of Example 4 was used to
treat tert-butyl
6-[(5-oxido-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]hexylcarbamate
(1.79 g, 3.90 mmol) with ammonium hydroxide (8 mL of 30%) and
p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (0.74 g, 4.3 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane
(40 mL). The reaction was stirred for one hour at 65.degree. C.,
allowed to come to room temperature, and stirred overnight. The
purification methods described in Part F of Example 4 were used,
with the modification that chromatographic purification was carried
out eluting with 0 to 15% CMA in chloroform, to provide 1.06 g of
tert-butyl
6-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]hexylcarbamate
as off-white needles, mp 136-139.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz,
d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 7.64 (d, J=8.7, 1H), 7.01 (d, J=2.5, 1H),
6.88 (dd, J=9.0, 2.5, 1H), 6.77 (m, 3H), 4.03 (t, J=6.6, 2H), 3.11
(t, J=7.5, 2H), 2.90 (q, J=6.6, 2H), 1.90-1.71 (m, 4H), 1.39-1.30
(m, 15H), 1.00 (t, J=7.1, 3H); .sup.13C NMR (75 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO)
.delta. 168.9, 159.3, 155.5, 152.3, 146.5, 139.4, 135.9, 125.6,
113.1, 113.0, 107.2, 77.2, 67.4, 35.1, 29.4, 28.6, 28.2, 26.0,
25.2, 22.8, 13.4;
[0724] Anal. calcd for C.sub.24H.sub.34N.sub.4O.sub.3S: C, 62.85;
H, 7.47; N, 12.22. Found: C, 62.80; H, 7.36; N, 12.18.
Example 9
N-{6-[(4-Amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]hexyl}methane-
sulfonamide
##STR00104##
[0725] Part A
[0726] A solution of hydrogen chloride in ethanol (3 mL of 4.25 M)
was added to a suspension of tert-butyl
6-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]hexylcarbamate
(0.93 g, 2.0 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL), and the reaction was heated
at 80.degree. C. for one hour, allowed to cool to room temperature,
and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was
partitioned between water (50 mL) and dichloromethane (30 mL) was
added. The aqueous fraction was made basic with the addition of
ammonium hydroxide, and the resulting solution was extracted with
dichloromethane (2.times.50 mL). The organic fractions were
combined, washed with brine (75 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate,
filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 0.73 g
of
7-[(6-aminohexyl)oxy]-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine.
Part B
[0727] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, methanesulfonyl chloride (0.35
mL, 4.1 mmol) was added dropwise to a suspension of
7-[(6-aminohexyl)oxy]-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
(0.73 g, 2.0 mmol) and triethylamine (5 mL, 36 mmol) in chloroform
(50 mL), and the reaction was stirred overnight. The work-up
procedure described in Part B of Example 5 was followed. The
resulting light yellow solid was purified by column chromatography
using a HORIZON HPFC system (silica cartridge, eluting with 0 to
20% CMA in chloroform) to provide 0.47 g of a light yellow solid
after drying under high vacuum. The solid was recrystallized from
toluene (25 mL), and the crystals were washed with cold toluene and
dried in a vacuum oven at 60.degree. C. overnight to provide 0.32 g
of
N-{6-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]hexyl}methan-
esulfonamide as off-white needles, mp 138-134.degree. C. .sup.1H
NMR (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 7.64 (d, J=8.7, 1H), 7.02 (d,
J=2.5, 1H), 6.92 (t, J=5.9, 1H), 6.88 (dd, J=8.8, 2.5, 1H), 6.78
(s, 2H), 4.04 (t, J=6.4, 2H), 3.10 (t, J=7.5, 2H), 2.92 (q, J=6.6,
2H), 2.86 (s, 3H), 1.90-1.70 (m, 4H) 1.53-1.33 (m, 6H), 1.00 (t,
J=7.5, 3H); .sup.13C NMR (75 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 168.9,
159.3, 152.3, 146.5, 139.4, 135.9, 125.6, 113.1, 113.0, 107.2,
67.4, 42.4, 39.2, 35.1, 29.3, 28.5, 25.9, 25.2, 22.7, 13.4;
[0728] Anal. calcd for C.sub.20H.sub.28N.sub.4O.sub.3S.sub.2: C,
55.02; H, 6.46; N, 12.83. Found: C, 55.20; H, 6.80; N, 12.68.
Example 10
tert-Butyl
2-{2-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]et-
hoxy}ethylcarbamate
##STR00105##
[0729] Part A
[0730] A solution of 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol (15.0 g, 143 mmol) in
tetrahydrofuran (THF) (90 mL) was cooled to approximately 0.degree.
C., and aqueous sodium hydroxide (72 mL of 2 M) was added over a
period of 20 minutes. A solution of di-teat-butyl dicarbonate (31.1
g, 143 mmol) in THF (90 mL) was then added over a period of 20
minutes. The reaction was stirred for one hour at 0.degree. C. and
then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The
THF was removed under reduced pressure, and the resulting aqueous
mixture was adjusted to pH 3 with the addition of 1 M sulfuric
acid. The acidic mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate
(3.times.100 mL), and the combined extracts were washed
sequentially with water (150 mL) and brine (150 mL), dried over
magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced
pressure to provide 27.1 g of tert-butyl
2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethylcarbamate as a colorless oil. A portion of
the oil (10.0 g, 48.7 mmol) was treated with triphenylphosphine
(15.33 g, 58.45 mmol), imidazole (4.64 g, 68.2 mmol), and iodine
(16.01 g, 63.3 mmol) according to the method described in Part B of
Example 4, with the modification that dichloromethane (325 mL) was
used instead of diethyl ether and acetonitrile, to provide 7.82 g
of tert-butyl 2-(2-iodoethoxy)ethylcarbamate containing a small
amount of triphenylphosphine oxide.
Part B
[0731] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, cesium carbonate (1.50 g, 4.61
mmol) was added to a suspension of
2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-ol (0.75 g, 3.1 mmol) in DMF
(15 mL), and the reaction mixture was heated at 75.degree. C. for
30 minutes. A solution of tert-butyl 2-(2-iodoethoxy)ethylcarbamate
(1.93 g, 6.14 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added dropwise with stirring.
The reaction mixture was stirred at 75.degree. C. for 3.75 hours.
The solvent was then removed under reduced pressure at 65.degree.
C. The resulting solid was partitioned between dichloromethane (100
mL) and water (100 mL). The organic layer was washed sequentially
with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate;
filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting
dark brown solid was purified by column chromatography using a
HORIZON HPFC system (silica cartridge, eluting with 0 to 8% CMA in
chloroform), and the purified product was dried under high vacuum
to provide 1.31 g of tert-butyl
2-{2-[(2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethoxy}ethylcarbamat-
e as a light yellow solid.
Part C
[0732] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, mCPBA (1.20 g, 4.30 mmol, 65%
pure) was added in portions to a solution of tert-butyl
2-{2-[(2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethoxy}ethylcarbamat-
e (1.25 g, 2.90 mmol) in dichloromethane (75 mL), and the reaction
was stirred at room temperature for 1.75 hours, diluted with
chloroform (100 mL), and washed with 10% aqueous sodium carbonate
(2.times.50 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with chloroform
(50 mL), and the combined organic fractions were washed with water
(75 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated under
reduced pressure, and dried under high vacuum to yield 1.23 g of
tert-butyl
2-{2-[(5-oxido-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethoxy}ethyl-
carbamate as a light yellow solid.
Part D
[0733] The method described in Part F of Example 4 was used to
treat tert-butyl
2-{2-[(5-oxido-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethoxy}ethyl-
carbamate (1.23 g, 2.75 mmol) with ammonium hydroxide (5 mL of 30%)
and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (0.58 g, 3.0 mmol) in
1,2-dichloroethane (25 mL) with the modifications that the reaction
was allowed to run for 16 hours, and chloroform was used instead of
dichloromethane in the work-up procedure. The purification methods
described in Part F of Example 4 were used, with the modification
that chromatographic purification was carried out eluting with 0 to
20% CMA in chloroform, to provide 0.583 g of tert-butyl
2-{2-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethoxy}ethyl-
carbamate as light yellow needles, mp 111-113.degree. C. .sup.1H
NMR (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 7.66 (d, J=8.8, 1H), 7.02 (d,
J=2.5, 1H), 6.90 (dd, J=8.8, 2.5, 2H), 6.79 (s, 2H), 4.17 (t,
J=4.3, 2H), 3.76 (t, J=4.7, 2H), 3.46 (t, J=5.9, 2H), 3.09 (m, 4H),
1.84 (sextet, J=7.5, 2H), 1.36 (s, 9H), 1.00 (t, J=7.5, 3H);
.sup.13C NMR (75 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 169.1, 159.0, 155.6,
152.4, 146.5, 139.4, 136.0, 125.7, 113.1, 107.2, 77.6, 69.3, 68.6,
67.1, 35.1, 28.2, 22.8, 13.4;
[0734] Anal. calcd for C.sub.22H.sub.30N.sub.4O.sub.4S: C, 59.17;
H, 6.77; N, 12.55. Found: C, 58.88; H, 6.87; N, 12.64.
Example 11
N-(2-{2-[(4-Amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethoxy}eth-
yl)methanesulfonamide
##STR00106##
[0735] Part A
[0736] The method described in Part A of Example 9 was used to
treat tert-butyl
2-{2-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethoxy}ethyl-
carbamate (0.74 g, 1.7 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL) with hydrogen
chloride (3 mL of a 4.25 M solution in ethanol) to provide 0.63 g
of
7-[2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
as a light yellow solid.
Part B
[0737] The method described in Part B of Example 9 was used to
treat
7-[2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
(0.63 g, 1.8 mmol) in chloroform (40 mL) with triethylamine (2.5
mL, 18 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (0.300 mL, 3.64 mmol);
the reaction was complete in 3.5 hours. The purification methods
described in Part B of Example 9 were used, with the modification
that chromatographic purification was carried out eluting with 0 to
30% CMA in chloroform, to provide 0.40 g of
N-(2-{2-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethoxy}et-
hyl)methanesulfonamide as off-white needles, mp 134-137.degree. C.
.sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 7.66 (d, J=8.7, 1H),
.quadrature..quadrature..quadrature. 7.07 (t, J=5.6, 1H), 7.03 (d,
J=2.5, 1H), 6.90 (dd, J=8.7, 2.5, 1H), 6.80 (s, 2H), 4.19 (t,
J=4.3, 2H), 3.79 (t, J=4.7, 2H), 3.55 (t, J=5.9, 2H), 3.16-3.08 (m,
4H), 2.91 (s, 3H), 1.84 (sextet, J=7.5, 2H), 1.00 (t, J=7.5, 3H);
.sup.13C NMR (75 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 169.0, 159.0, 152.4,
146.5, 139.3, 136.0, 125.7, 113.1, 113.0, 107.2, 69.8, 68.7, 67.1,
42.3, 39.7, 35.1, 22.8, 13.4;
[0738] Anal. calcd for C.sub.18H.sub.24N.sub.4O.sub.4S.sub.2: C,
50.92; H, 5.70; N, 13.20. Found: C, 51.20; H, 5.48; N, 13.14.
Example 12
tert-Butyl
2-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethyl-
carbamate
##STR00107##
[0739] Part A
[0740] The methods described in Parts A and B of Example 4 were
used to treat 2-amino-1-ethanol with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate and
treat the resulting product (10.0 g, 62.0 mmol) with
triphenylphosphine (19.52 g, 74.5 mmol), imidazole (5.91 g, 86.9
mmol), and iodine (20.47 g, 80.65 mmol), with the modification that
dichloromethane (400 mL) was used in the second step instead of
diethyl ether and acetonitrile. The product, tert-butyl
2-iodoethylcarbamate (8.41 g) was obtained as a light yellow
oil.
Part B
[0741] The method described in Part B of Example 10 was used to
treat 2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-ol (2.94 g, 12.0 mmol)
in DMF (40 mL) with cesium carbonate (5.88 g, 18.0 mmol) and a
solution of tert-butyl 2-iodoethylcarbamate (4.89 g, 18.0 mmol) in
DMF (10 mL). The reaction was complete in 3.25 hours. The
purification methods described in Part B of Example 10 were used,
with the modification that chromatographic purification was carried
out eluting with 0 to 4% CMA in chloroform, to provide 3.85 g of
tert-butyl
2-[(2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethylcarbamate as
a light yellow solid.
Part C
[0742] The method described in Part C of Example 10 was used to
treat tert-butyl
2-[(2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethylcarbamate
(3.85 g, 9.94 mmol) with mCPBA (2.57 g of 65% pure material, 14.9
mmol) in dichloromethane to provide 4.01 g of tert-butyl
2-[(5-oxido-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethylcarbamate
as a light orange solid.
Part D
[0743] The method described in Part F of Example 4 was used to
treat tert-butyl
2-[(5-oxido-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethylcarbamate
(4.01 g, 9.94 mmol) with ammonium hydroxide (17 mL of 30%) and
p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (2.08 g, 10.9 mmol) in
1,2-dichloroethane (85 mL). The reaction was complete in 4.5 hours.
The purification methods described in Part F of Example 4 were used
to provide 2.84 g of tert-butyl
2-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethylcarbamate
as light yellow needles, mp 136-139.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (500
MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 7.66 (d, J=8.5, 1H), 7.02 (d, J=2.5,
1H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 6.89 (dd, J=8.8, 2.5, 1H), 6.80 (s, 2H), 4.04
(t, J=5.8, 2H), 3.33 (q, J=5.7, 2H), 3.11 (t, J=7.6, 2H), 1.84
(sextet, J=7.5, 2H), 1.38 (s, 9H), 1.00 (t, J=7.2, 3H); .sup.13C
NMR (125 Hz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 169.0, 159.0, 155.6, 152.4,
146.5, 139.3, 136.0, 125.7, 131.1, 113.0, 107.3, 77.7, 66.4, 35.1,
28.2, 22.7, 13.4;
[0744] Anal. calcd for C.sub.20H.sub.26N.sub.4O.sub.3S: C, 59.68;
H, 6.51; N, 13.92. Found: C, 59.59; H, 6.18; N, 13.88.
Example 13
N-{2-[(4-Amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethyl}methane-
sulfonamide
##STR00108##
[0745] Part A
[0746] A solution of hydrogen chloride in ethanol (15 mL of 2.2 M)
was added to a suspension of tert-butyl
2-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethylcarbamate
(2.57 g, 6.38 mmol) in ethanol (60 mL), and the reaction was heated
at 80.degree. C. overnight. A precipitate began to form after about
ten minutes. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and
the resulting solid was suspended in ethanol (25 mL), isolated by
filtration, washed with ethanol, and dried in a vacuum oven at
60.degree. C. to provide 2.06 of
7-(2-aminoethoxy)-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
hydrochloride as a light yellow solid.
Part B
[0747] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, methanesulfonyl chloride (0.20
mL, 2.5 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of
7-(2-aminoethoxy)-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
hydrochloride (0.64 g, 1.9 mmol) and triethylamine (0.53 mL, 3.8
mmol) in chloroform (40 mL), and the reaction was strirred for 1.25
hours. The work-up procedure described in Part B of Example 5 was
followed. The resulting light yellow solid was purified by column
chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC system (silica cartridge,
eluting with 0 to 25% CMA in chloroform) to provide 0.73 g of an
off-white solid after drying under high vacuum. The solid was
recrystallized from propyl acetate (35 mL, hot filtration), and the
crystals were washed with cold propyl acetate and dried in a vacuum
oven at 60.degree. C. overnight to provide 0.48 g of
N-{2-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethyl}methan-
esulfonamide as light yellow needles, mp 148-151.degree. C. .sup.1H
NMR (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 7.68 (d, J=8.7, 1H), 7.30 (t,
J=6.0, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=2.5, 1H), 6.92 (dd, J=8.8, 2.5, 1H), 6.81
(s, 2H), 4.13 (t, J=5.6, 2H), 3.38 (q, J=5.6, 2H), 3.11 (t, J=7.1,
2H), 2.95 (s, 3H), 1.84 (sextet, J=7.5, 2H), 1.00 (t, J=7.2, 3H);
.sup.13C NMR (75 Hz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 169.1, 158.8, 152.4,
146.5, 139.36, 136.0, 125.8, 113.2, 112.9, 107.3, 79.1, 66.9, 41.8,
35.1, 22.8, 13.4;
[0748] Anal. calcd for C.sub.16H.sub.20N.sub.4O.sub.3S.sub.2: C,
50.51; H, 5.30; N, 14.72. Found: C, 50.78; H, 5.10; N, 14.67.
Example 14
N,N'-Bis{2-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethyl}u-
rea
##STR00109##
[0750] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a suspension of
7-(2-aminoethoxy)-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
hydrochloride (0.60 g, 2.0 mmol) and carbonyldiimidazole (150 mg,
0.95 mmol) in DMF was heated at 75.degree. C. for four hours. Upon
heating a solution formed, and a precipitate began to form after
about 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was then combined with
material from a smaller run, and the DMF was removed under reduced
pressure at 65.degree. C. Water (50 mL) was added to the residue,
and the resulting solid was isolated by filtration, washed with
water, methanol (25 mL) and tert-butyl methyl ether (25 mL), and
dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 80.degree. C. A portion of the
solid (250 mg) was suspended in warm DMF (25 mL) and filtered. The
DMF was removed under reduced pressure at 65.degree. C. The
resulting solid was suspended in chloroform (10 mL), isolated by
filtration, washed with chloroform, and dried in a vacuum oven at
60.degree. C. to provide 0.14 mg of
N,N'-bis{2-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethyl}-
urea as a light yellow solid, mp 213-216.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR
(500 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 7.61 (d, J=8.8, 2H), 7.03 (d,
J=2.6, 2H), 6.89 (dd, J=8.5, 2.2, 2H), 6.81 (s, 4H), 6.28 (t,
J=5.3, 2H), 4.06 (t, J=5.6, 4H), 3.44 (q, J=5.4, 4H), 3.10 (t,
J=7.3, 4H), 1.84 (sextet, J=7.6, 4H), 1.00 (t, J=7.2, 6H); .sup.13C
NMR (125 Hz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 169.0, 159.0, 158.0, 152.4,
146.5, 139.3, 136.0, 125.7, 113.1, 112.9, 107.4, 67.4, 38.8, 35.1,
22.7, 13.4; HRMS (EI) m/z calcd for
C.sub.31H.sub.34N.sub.8O.sub.3S.sub.2: 631.2274; found:
631.2283.
Example 15
Bis{2-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethyl}ether
##STR00110##
[0752] The method described in Part K of Example 1 was used to
treat 4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-ol acetic acid
salt (prepared according to the method described in Part J of
Example 1, 1.17 g, 4.51 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) with cesium carbonate
(3.27 g, 10.0 mmol) and 2-chloroethylether (288 mg, 2.01 mmol) with
the modification that the reaction was carried out at 70.degree. C.
instead of 75.degree. C. The purification methods described in Part
K of Example 1 were used, with the modification that
chromatographic purification was carried out eluting with 0 to 25%
CMA in chloroform. Following recrystallization from tert-butyl
methyl ether, the solid (0.38 g) was recrystallized from 2-butanone
(40 mL, hot filtration), and the crystals were washed with cold
2-butanone and dried in a vacuum oven at 60.degree. C. to provide
0.21 g of
bis{2-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]e-
thyl}ether as light yellow needles, mp 186-189.degree. C. .sup.1H
NMR (500 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 7.63 (d, J=8.7, 2H), 7.05 (d,
J=2.5, 2H), 6.90 (dd, J=8.7, 2.5, 2H), 6.80 (s, 4H), 4.22 (m, 4H),
3.88 (m, 4H), 3.10 (t, J=7.5, 4H), 1.84 (sextet, J=7.5, 4H), 1.00
(t, J=7.2, 6H); .sup.13C NMR (125 Hz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 169.0,
159.0, 152.4, 146.5, 139.3, 136.0, 125.7, 113.1, 113.0, 107.3,
69.0, 67.2, 35.1, 22.7, 13.4;
[0753] Anal. calcd for C.sub.30H.sub.32N.sub.6O.sub.3S.sub.2. 0.5
H.sub.2O: C, 60.30; H, 5.56; N, 14.06. Found: C, 60.54; H, 5.48; N,
14.16.
Example 16
7-[2-(2-Chloroethoxy)ethoxy]-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
##STR00111##
[0754] Part A
[0755] The method described in Part B of Example 10 was used to
treat 2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-ol (1.10 g, 4.50 mmol)
in DMF (17 mL) with cesium carbonate (1.76 g, 5.40 mmol) and a
solution of 1-chloro-2-(2-iodoethoxy)ethane (1.27 g, 5.40 mmol) in
DMF (5 mL). The reaction was complete in 2.75 hours. The
purification methods described in Part B of Example 10 were used to
provide 1.18 g of
7-[2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy]-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline
as a light yellow solid.
Part B
[0756] The method described in Part C of Example 10 was used to
treat
7-[2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy]-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline
(1.2 g, 3.4 mmol) with mCPBA (1.36 g of 65% pure material, 5.13
mmol) in dichloromethane (30 mL). The reaction was complete in 2.5
hours, and 1.03 g of
7-[2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy]-5-oxido-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]qui-
noline were obtained as a light orange solid.
Part C
[0757] The methods described in Parts H and I of Example 1 were
used to treat
7-[2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy]-5-oxido-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]qu-
inoline (1.03 g, 2.81 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) with
trichloroacetyl isocyanate (0.40 mL) followed by sodium methoxide
(2 mL of a 25% w/w solution in methanol) in methanol (20 mL). The
reaction with sodium methoxide was complete within 45 minutes. The
crude solid was purified by column chromatography using a HORIZON
HPFC system (silica cartridge, eluting with 0 to 20% CMA in
chloroform) to provide 0.93 g of a light yellow solid after drying
under high vacuum. The solid was recrystallized from tert-butyl
methyl ether (35 mL, hot filtration), and the crystals were washed
with cold tert-butyl methyl ether and dried in a vacuum oven at
60.degree. C. to provide 0.23 g of
7-[2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy]-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
as a light yellow solid, mp 101-103.degree. C. .sup.1H NMR (300
MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 7.67 (d, J=8.8, 1H), 7.03 (t, J=2.5,
1H), 6.91 (dd, J=8.7, 2.5, 1H), 6.79 (s, 2H), 4.19 (t, J=4.3, 2H),
3.83 (t, J=4.7, 2H), 3.75 (s, 4H), 3.11 (t, J=7.8, 2H), 1.84
(sextet, J=7.5, 2H), 1.00 (t, J=7.5, 3H); .sup.13C NMR (75 MHz,
d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 169.5, 159.4, 152.8, 146.9, 139.8, 136.4,
126.1, 113.6, 113.5, 107.7, 71.0, 69.2, 67.6, 43.9, 35.5, 23.1,
13.8;
[0758] Anal. calcd for C.sub.17H.sub.20N.sub.3O.sub.2SCl: C, 55.81;
H, 5.51; N, 11.48. Found: C, 55.74; H, 5.40; N, 11.29.
Examples 17-55
[0759] A reagent from the table below (1.1 equivalents, 0.11 mmol)
was added to a test tube containing a solution of
7-[2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
(prepared as described in Part A of Example 11, 35 mg, 0.10 mmol)
and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (36 .mu.L, 0.20 mmol) in
N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) (1 mL). Each test tube was capped and
placed on a shaker at room temperature four hours. Two drops of
water were added to each test tube, and then the solvent was
removed by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified by
preparative high performance liquid chromatography (prep HPLC)
using a Waters FractionLynx automated purification system. The prep
HPLC fractions were analyzed using a Waters LC/TOF-MS, and the
appropriate fractions were centrifuge evaporated to provide the
trifluoroacetate salt of the desired compound. Reversed phase prep
HPLC was performed with non-linear gradient elution from 5-95% B
where A is 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid/water and B is 0.05%
trifluoroacetic acid/acetonitrile. Fractions were collected by
mass-selective triggering. The table below shows the acid chloride,
sulfonyl chloride, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, or carbamoyl
chloride used for each example, the structure of the resulting
compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated
trifluoroacetate salt.
Examples 17-55
TABLE-US-00001 ##STR00112## [0760] Measured Mass Example Reagent R
(M + H) 17 None ##STR00113## 347.1506 18 Acetyl chloride
##STR00114## 389.1625 19 Propionyl chloride ##STR00115## 403.1834
20 Methyl chloroformate ##STR00116## 405.1556 21
Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride ##STR00117## 415.1840 22 Butyryl
chloride ##STR00118## 417.1925 23 Cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride
##STR00119## 457.2274 24 Hydrocinnamoyl chloride ##STR00120##
479.2126 25 o-Anisoyl chloride ##STR00121## 481.1924 26 m-Anisoyl
chloride ##STR00122## 481.1951 27 2-Chlorobenzoyl chloride
##STR00123## 485.1414 28 3-Chlorobenzoyl chloride ##STR00124##
485.1414 29 4-Chlorobenzoyl chloride ##STR00125## 485.1433 30
Nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride ##STR00126## 452.1743 31
Picolinoyl chloride hydrochloride ##STR00127## 452.1712 32
Methanesulfonyl chloride ##STR00128## 425.1312 33 Ethanesulfonyl
chloride ##STR00129## 439.1498 34 1-Propanesulfonyl chloride
##STR00130## 453.1635 35 Benzenesulfonyl chloride ##STR00131##
487.1468 36 1-Methylimidazole-4-sulfonyl chloride ##STR00132##
491.1534 37 3-Cyanobenzenesulfonyl chloride ##STR00133## 512.1421
38 4-Cyanobenzenesulfonyl chloride ##STR00134## 512.1395 39
3-Methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride ##STR00135## 517.1613 40
4-Methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride ##STR00136## 517.1620 41
2-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride ##STR00137## 521.1098 42
3-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride ##STR00138## 521.1101 43
4-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride ##STR00139## 521.1088 44
Cyclopropyl isothiocyanate ##STR00140## 446.1678 45 Cyclopentyl
isocyanate ##STR00141## 458.2220 46 Cyclopropylmethyl
isothiocyanate ##STR00142## 460.1844 47 Phenyl isocyanate
##STR00143## 466.1903 48 Cyclohexyl isocyanate ##STR00144##
472.2347 49 Phenyl isothiocyanate ##STR00145## 482.1696 50
2-Phenylethyl isocyanate ##STR00146## 494.2235 51 2-Methoxyphenyl
isocyanate ##STR00147## 496.1979 52 3-Methoxyphenyl isocyanate
##STR00148## 496.2054 53 4-Methoxyphenyl isocyanate ##STR00149##
496.1994 54 N,N-Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride ##STR00150## 418.1894 55
1-Piperidinecarbonyl chloride ##STR00151## 458.2241
Examples 56-101
[0761] An amine (0.15 mmol, 1.5 equivalents) from the table below
was added to a test tube containing
7-[2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxy]-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
(prepared as described in Example 16, 37 mg, 0.10 mmol) and
potassium carbonate (55 mg, 0.40 mmol) in DMA (1 mL). Each tube was
capped and heated at 70.degree. C. for 16 hours. An analysis by
liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) indicated the
presence of starting material for Examples 59 and 74; therefore,
each reaction was heated at 85.degree. C. for six additional hours.
Each reaction mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was washed
with DMA (0.250 mL). The solvent was then removed from the filtrate
by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified using the
method described in Examples 17-55. The table below shows the amine
added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound,
and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate
salt.
Examples 56-101
TABLE-US-00002 ##STR00152## [0762] Measured Mass Example Reagent R
(M + H) 56 None ##STR00153## 366.1057 57 Pyrrolidine ##STR00154##
401.2044 58 Piperidine ##STR00155## 415.2173 59 Morpholine
##STR00156## 417.1958 60 3-Methylpiperidine ##STR00157## 429.2318
61 4-Methylpiperidine ##STR00158## 429.2327 62 Hexamethyleneimine
##STR00159## 429.2340 63 1-Methylpiperazine ##STR00160## 430.2311
64 3-Hydroxypiperidine ##STR00161## 431.2148 65 4-Hydroxypiperidine
##STR00162## 431.2130 66 Thiomorpholine ##STR00163## 433.1730 67
N-Methylcyclohexylamine ##STR00164## 443.2473 68
3-(Dimethylamino)pyrrolidine ##STR00165## 444.2450 69
N,N'-Dimethyl-3- aminopyrrolidine ##STR00166## 444.2456 70
1-Ethylpiperazine ##STR00167## 444.2440 71 N-Methylhomopiperazine
##STR00168## 444.2461 72 2-Piperidinemethanol ##STR00169## 445.2307
73 3-(Hydroxymethyl)piperidine ##STR00170## 445.2292 74
4-(Hydroxymethyl)piperidine ##STR00171## 445.2270 75
N-Methylbenzylamine ##STR00172## 451.2189 76
3-Azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane ##STR00173## 455.2492 77 Nipecotamide
##STR00174## 458.2202 78 (3S)-(-)-3- Acetamidopyrrolidine
##STR00175## 458.2253 79 1-Acetylpiperazine ##STR00176## 458.2245
80 1-Methyl-4- (methylamino)piperidine ##STR00177## 458.2549 81
Nipecotic acid ##STR00178## 459.2078 82 2-Piperidineethanol
##STR00179## 459.2423 83 4-Piperidineethanol ##STR00180## 459.2415
84 N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine ##STR00181## 460.2406 85 1,2,3,4-
Tetrahydroisoquinoline ##STR00182## 463.2170 86 (R)-(+)-N-Methyl-1-
phenylethylamine ##STR00183## 465.2357 87 (S)-(-)-N-Methyl-1-
phenylethylamine ##STR00184## 465.2369 88 N-Methylphenylethylamine
##STR00185## 465.2354 89 2-(2- Methylaminoethyl)pyridine
##STR00186## 466.2282 90 Decahydroisoquinoline ##STR00187##
469.2622 91 Decahydroquinoline ##STR00188## 469.2635 92
1-(2-Methoxyethyl)piperazine ##STR00189## 474.2541 93 alpha-
(Methylaminomethyl)benzyl alcohol ##STR00190## 481.2299 94
4-(1-Pyrrolidinyl)piperidine ##STR00191## 484.2756 95
4-Phenylpiperidine ##STR00192## 491.2474 96 1-Phenylpiperazine
##STR00193## 492.2400 97 1-(2-Pyridyl)piperazine ##STR00194##
493.2390 98 1-(4-Pyridyl)-piperazine ##STR00195## 493.2389 99
1-(2-Pyrimdyl)piperazine ##STR00196## 494.2330 100
4-Piperidinopiperidine ##STR00197## 498.2913 101 1-
Hydroxyethylethoxypiperazine ##STR00198## 504.2670
Example 102
7-[2-(1,1-Dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)ethoxy]-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]q-
uinolin-4-amine
##STR00199##
[0764] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 3-chloropropanesulfonyl
chloride (0.30 mL, 2.4 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of
7-(2-aminoethoxy)-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
hydrochloride (0.75 g, 2.2 mmol), prepared as described in Example
13 Part A, and triethylamine (0.68 mL, 4.9 mmol) in chloroform (50
mL), and the heterogeneous reaction was strirred overnight at room
temperature. An analysis by HPLC indicated the presence of starting
material, and additional triethylamine (0.68 mL, 4.9 mmol) was
added. The resulting solution was stirred for 2.5 hours at room
temperature, diluted with chloroform (100 mL), washed sequentially
with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate,
filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide an
orange solid. The solid was dissolved in DMF (15 mL), and the
solution was heated to 50.degree. C. under a nitrogen atmosphere.
1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) (0.42 mL, 2.8 mmol) was
added in one portion, and the reaction was stirred at 50.degree. C.
for 2.75 hours. The DMF was removed under reduced pressure at
65.degree. C., and the residue was partitioned between chloroform
(100 mL) and water (100 mL). The organic layer was separated and
washed sequentially with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried
over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced
pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography
using a HORIZON HPFC system (silica cartridge, eluting with 0 to
25% CMA in chloroform) followed by recrystallization from propyl
acetate (25 mL for 0.35 g). The crystals were washed with cold
propyl acetate and dried in a vacuum oven at 60.degree. C.
overnight to provide 0.156 g of
7-[2-(1,1-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)ethoxyl-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]-
quinolin-4-amine as a light yellow solid, mp 127-130.degree. C.
.sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 7.68 (d, J=8.9, 1H),
7.04 (d, J=2.2, 1H), 6.91 (dd, J=8.8, 2.5, 1H), 6.81 (s, 2H), 4.22
(t, J=5.0, 2H), 3.37-3.28 (m, 4H), 3.19 (t, J=7.6, 2H), .3.11 (t,
J=7.6, 2H), 2.24 (quintet, J=7.0, 2H), 1.84 (sextet, J=7.3, 2H),
1.00 (t, J=7.6, 3H);
[0765] .sup.13C NMR (125 Hz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 169.1, 158.7,
152.4, 146.5, 139.3, 136.0, 125.8, 113.2, 113.0, 107.4, 66.2, 47.7,
45.7, 43.8, 35.1, 22.8, 18.5, 13.4;
[0766] Anal. calcd for C.sub.18H.sub.22N.sub.4O.sub.3S.sub.2: C,
53.18; H, 5.46; N, 13.78. Found: C, 53.27; H, 5.41; N, 13.66.
Example 103
N-{2-[(4-Amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethyl}acrylam-
ide
##STR00200##
[0768] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 3-chloropropionyl chloride
(0.28 mL, 2.9 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of
7-(2-aminoethoxy)-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
hydrochloride (0.90 g, 2.7 mmol), prepared as described in Example
13 Part A, and triethylamine (2.0 mL, 15 mmol) in chloroform (50
mL), and the solution was strirred for 3.5 hours at room
temperature. The intermediate was isolated, dissolved in DMF, and
treated with DBU (0.50 mL, 3.3 mmol), as described in Example 102
with the modification that the reaction with DBU was heated for
5.25 hours. After the work-up procedure, described in Example 102,
the crude product was purified by column chromatography using a
HORIZON HPFC system (silica cartridge, eluting with 0 to 28% CMA in
chloroform) followed by recrystallization from acetonitrile (50 mL
for 0.67 g). The crystals were washed with cold acetonitrile and
dried in a vacuum oven at 60.degree. C. overnight to provide 0.426
g of
N-{2-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethyl}acryla-
mide as a light yellow solid, mp 200-202.degree. C.
[0769] .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 7.51 (d, J=8.9,
1H), 7.00 (d, J=2.5, 1H), 6.86 (dd, J=8.9, 2.5, 1H), 6.18 (dd,
J=17.0, 1.6, 1H), 6.09 (dd, J=17.0, 10.7, 1H), 5.56 (dd, J=10.1,
1.9, 1H), 4.08 (t, J=5.3, 2H), 3.36-3.64 (m, 5H), 3.00 (t, J=7.6,
2H), 1.83 (sextet, J=7.3, 2H), 0.97 (t, J=7.6, 3H);
[0770] .sup.13C NMR (125 Hz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 170.3, 166.4,
159.4, 151.8, 145.3, 140.9, 136.0, 130.3, 126.5, 125.6, 114.0,
113.8, 107.1, 66.4, 38.7, 35.7, 23.0, 13.3;
[0771] Anal. calcd for C.sub.18H.sub.20N.sub.4O.sub.2S: C, 60.65;
H, 5.66; N, 15.72. Found: C, 60.64; H, 5.60; N, 15.70.
Example 104
N-{2-[(4-Amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethyl}pyrroli-
din-2-one
##STR00201##
[0773] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 4-chlorobutyryl chloride (0.30
mL, 2.6 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of
7-(2-aminoethoxy)-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
hydrochloride (0.81 g, 2.4 mmol), prepared as described in Example
13 Part A, and triethylamine (1.8 mL, 13 mmol) in chloroform (50
mL), and the solution was stirred for 2.5 hours at room
temperature. The intermediate was isolated as an orange solid using
the procedure described in Example 102. A solution of the orange
solid in DMF (15 mL) was slowly added to a mixture of sodium
hydride (120 mg of a 60% dispersion in mineral oil, 3.0 mmol) in
DMF (5 mL) that had been cooled to 0.degree. C. The resulting
mixture was stirred at 0.degree. C. for 15 minutes, allowed to warm
to room temperature, and stirred overnight. The DMF was removed
under reduced pressure at 65.degree. C., and the residue was
partitioned between chloroform (100 mL) and water (100 mL). The
organic layer was separated and washed with brine (50 mL), dried
over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced
pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography
using a HORIZON HPFC system (silica cartridge, eluting with 0 to
25% CMA in chloroform) followed by recrystallization from
acetonitrile (25 mL for 0.37 g). The crystals were washed with cold
acetonitrile and dried in a vacuum oven at 60.degree. C. to provide
290 mg of
N-{2-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]ethyl}pyrrol-
idin-2-one as a light yellow solid, mp 163-166.degree. C. .sup.1H
NMR (500 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 7.67 (d, J=8.5, 1H), 7.04 (d,
J=2.5, 1H), 6.89 (dd, J=8.9, 2.5, 1H), 6.81 (s, 2H), 4.17 (t,
J=5.7, 2H), 3.58 (t, J=5.4, 2H), 3.47 (t, J=6.9, 2H), 3.11 (t,
J=7.5, 2H), 2.21 (t, J=7.8, 2H), 1.94 (quintet, J=7.3, 2H), 1.84
(sextet, J=7.2, 2H), 1.00 (t, J=7.3, 3H);
[0774] .sup.13C NMR (125 Hz, d.sub.6-DMSO) .delta. 174.1, 169.1,
158.8, 152.4, 146.5, 139.3, 136.0, 125.7, 113.2, 113.0, 107.4,
65.5, 47.3, 41.4, 35.1, 30.2, 22.7, 17.6, 13.4;
[0775] Anal. calcd for C.sub.19H.sub.22N.sub.4O.sub.2S: C, 61.60;
H, 5.99; N, 15.12. Found: C, 61.38; H, 6.18; N, 15.23.
Example 105
2-[(4-Amino-2-ethyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]-1-thien-3-yletha-
none
##STR00202##
[0776] Part A
[0777] A Parr vessel was charged with
7-benzyloxy-3-nitroquinolin-7-ol (50.0 g, 169 mmol), anhydrous DMF
(500 mL), and 5% platinum on carbon (5.0 g). The vessel was placed
on Parr apparatus, evacuated, and charged with hydrogen gas
(approximately 45 psi, 3.1.times.10.sup.5 Pa). The reaction mixture
was shaken overnight and filtered to remove the catalyst. To the
resulting dark colored solution was added concentrated aqueous
hydrochloric acid (14 mL of 12 N solution). A precipitate formed,
and the reaction mixture was stirred over the weekend. The solid
was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with diethyl ether (100
mL), and air-dried overnight to provide 44 g of
3-amino-7-benzyloxyquinolin-4-ol hydrochloride.
Part B
[0778] To a stirred solution of 3-amino-7-benzyloxyquinolin-4-ol
hydrochloride (40.4 g, 133 mmol) and triethylamine (33.8 g, 334
mmol) in dichloromethane (1000 mL) at room temperature, was slowly
added propionyl chloride (13.6 g, 147 mmol). After the reaction was
stirred for six hours, water (250 mL) was added. The organic layer
was separated and concentrated to provide 41.5 g of
N-(7-benzyloxy-4-hydroxyquinolin-3-yl)propionamide as a pale tan,
crystalline solid. MS (ACPI) m/z 323 (M+H).sup.+.
Part C
[0779] To a stirred suspension of the material from Part B in
pyridine (500 mL) was added phosphorus pentasulfide (28.6 g, 64.4
mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to reflux and became
homogeneous and dark orange. The reaction was heated at reflux
overnight and then allowed to cool to room temperature. Aqueous
sodium carbonate (50 mL of 10% w/w) was slowly added. The resulting
mixture was partitioned between water (200 mL) and dichloromethane
(700 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with
dichloromethane (3.times.100 mL). The organic fractions were
combined and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting tan
solid was treated with boiling heptane (3.times.400 mL) and
filtered. The heptane filtrates were combined and concentrated to
provide 15 g of 7-benzyloxy-2-ethyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline as
a pale yellow crystalline solid. MS (ACPI) m/z=321 (M+H).sup.+.
Part D
[0780] mCPBA (16.15 g of 50% pure material, 47 mmol) was slowly
added in small portions to a stirred solution of
7-benzyloxy-2-ethyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline (15.0 g, 46.8
mmol) in chloroform (150 mL). The reaction was stirred at room
temperature overnight, washed with 10% aqueous sodium carbonate
(2.times.50 mL), and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide
15.4 g of 7-benzyloxy-2-ethyl-5-oxido[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline
as a light tan solid. MS (ACPI) m/z=337 (M+H).sup.+.
Part E
[0781] Trichloroacetyl isocyanate (5.6 mL, 46.8 mmol) was slowly
added to a vigorously stirred pale orange solution of
7-benzyloxy-2-ethyl-5-oxido[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinoline (15.0
g,44.6 mmol) in dichloromethane (200 mL) at room temperature. The
solution was maintained at room temperature for 18 hours, and then
concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution (60 mL) was added. An
off-white precipitate formed and was collected by vacuum
filtration. Recrystallization from acetonitrile provided 11.3 g of
7-benzyloxy-2-ethyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white
crystalline solid, mp 208-209.degree. C. MS (APCI) m/z 336.1
(M+H).sup.+; Anal. calcd for C.sub.19H.sub.17N.sub.3OS: C, 68.03;
H, 5.11; N, 12.53. Found: C, 67.45; H, 4.83; N, 12.41.
Part F
[0782] Hydrogen bromide in acetic acid (40 mL of 45% w/w) was added
to 7-benzyloxy-2-ethyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine (11.3 g,
33.7 mmol), and the resulting solution was heated at 65.degree. C.
for two hours and then cooled in an ice bath. Aqueous sodium
hydroxide (50% w/w solution) was added slowly to adjust the
solution to pH 7, and a pale yellow-green solid formed. The solid
was isolated by filtration and air-dried to provide 8.4 g of
4-amino-2-ethyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-ol. MS (APCI) m/z
246.0 (M+H).sup.+.
Part G
[0783] A mixture of
4-amino-2-ethyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-ol (245 mg, 1.0
mmol), cesium carbonate (1.3 g, 4.0 mmol), and DMF (20 mL) was
stirred at 75.degree. C. for ten minutes.
2-Bromo-1-(3-thienyl)-1-ethanone (225 mg, 1.1 mmol) was added in
portions over a period of 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was
stirred for two hours, allowed to cool, and diluted with water (250
mL). A precipitate formed. The mixture was stirred for one hour,
and the solid was isolated by filtration. The isolated solid was
rinsed with water and then dried to provide a brown powder. This
material was dissolved in dichloromethane and then purified by
column chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC system (silica
cartridge, eluting with a gradient of 0% to 20% CMA in chloroform
over 700 mL and then with 200 mL of 20% CMA in chloroform.) The
resulting solid was recrystallized from acetonitrile to provide 115
mg of
2-[(4-amino-2-ethyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxyl-1-thien-3-yleth-
anone as an off-white solid, mp 202.0-203.0.degree. C. MS (ESI) m/z
370 (M+H).sup.+; Anal. calcd for
C.sub.18H.sub.15N.sub.3O.sub.2S.sub.2: C, 58.52; H, 4.09; N, 11.37.
Found C, 58.44; H, 3.91; N, 11.32.
Example 106
7-{3-[(4-Amino-2-ethyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]propoxy}-2-eth-
yl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
##STR00203##
[0784] Part A
[0785] A mixture of
4-amino-2-ethyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-ol (1.00 g, 4.08
mmol), cesium carbonate (5.30 g, 16.3 mmol), and DMF (40 mL) was
stirred at 50.degree. C. for ten minutes. A solution of
1-bromo-3-chloropropane (705 mg, 4.48 mmol) in DMF (1.1 mL) was
added in portions (0.05 mL) every seven minutes. After two hours,
the reaction mixture was poured into water (225 mL). The mixture
was stirred for 30 minutes and then filtered. The isolated solid
was dried to provide 785 mg of
7-(3-chloropropoxy)-2-ethyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine as
a brown solid.
Part B
[0786] A solution of
7-(3-chloropropoxy)-2-ethyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
(684 mg, 2.12 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was heated to 110.degree. C.
Sodium azide (151 mg, 2.33 mol) was added in a single portion.
After one hour the reaction mixture was poured into water (100 mL).
The mixture was extracted with chloroform (3 x 100 mL). The
combined extracts were concentrated under reduced pressure. The
residue was dissolved in chloroform and purified by column
chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC system (eluting with a gradient
of 0% to 20% CMA in chloroform over 700 mL and then with 20% CMA in
chloroform for 600 mL). The major product isolated from the column
fractions was
7-(3-azidopropoxy)-2-ethylthiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine (400 mg).
A second product isolated from the column was triturated with hot
acetonitrile containing a small amount of methanol, and the mixture
was allowed to cool to room temperature. The resulting solid was
isolated by filtration to provide 75 mg of
7-{3-[(4-amino-2-ethyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]propoxy}-2-et-
hyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine as an off-white solid, mp
242.0-243.0.degree. C. MS (APCI) m/z 531 (M+H).sup.+; Anal. calcd
for C.sub.27H.sub.26N.sub.6O.sub.2S.sub.2: C, 61.11; H, 4.94; N,
15.84. Found C, 60.90; H, 4.72; N, 15.71.
Example 107
3-[(4-Amino-2-propyl[1,3
]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]propan-1-ol
##STR00204##
[0788] A mixture of
4-amino-2-ethyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-ol acetic acid salt
(see Parts A through J of Example 1) (0.640 g, 2.01 mmol), cesium
carbonate (2.6 g, 8.0 mmol), and DMF (20 mL) was stirred at
75.degree. C. for ten minutes. A solution of
1-bromo-3-chloropropane (0.350 g, 2.21 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was
added dropwise over a period of 30 minutes. The reaction was
stirred at 75.degree. C. for three hours, allowed to cool to room
temperature, and poured into deionized water (200 mL). Brine (25
mL) was added, and a precipitate formed. The resulting mixture was
stirred for one hour, and the solid was then collected by
filtration. The solid was stirred in a mixture of potassium
carbonate and methanol overnight, and the mixture was then filtered
through a 0.2 micron TEFLON filter. Chloroform was added during the
filtration. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure,
and the residue was partitioned between chloroform and water. The
organic fraction was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the
residue was purified by column chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC
system (eluting with a gradient of 0% to 20% CMA in chloroform over
900 mL and then with 20% CMA in chloroform for 500 mL). The
resulting solid (400 mg) was recrystallized from acetonitrile to
provide 100 mg of
3-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]propan-1-ol
as an off-white solid, mp 157.0-160.0.degree. C. MS (APCI) m/z 318
(M+H).sup.+; Anal. calcd for C.sub.16H.sub.19N.sub.3O.sub.2S: C,
60.55; H, 6.03; N, 13.24. Found C, 60.32; H, 5.97;N, 13.33.
Examples 108-127
Part A
[0789] A solution of 4-hydroxypiperidine (10.00 g, 98.86 mmol),
triethylamine (27.55 mL, 197.7 mmol), and dichloromethane (100 mL)
was cooled to approximately 0.degree. C. under a nitrogen
atmosphere. Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (23.73 g, 108.7 mmol) was
added over a period of five minutes. The reaction was allowed to
warm to room temperature slowly and stirred overnight and then
added slowly with vigorous stirring to a cold (0.degree. C.)
solution of acetic acid (50 mL of 15% w/w in water). The organic
layer was separated and washed sequentially with 15% w/w acetic
acid in water (50 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate
(3.times.33 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and
concentrated under reduced pressure to provide tert-butyl
4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate as a golden oil that slowly
solidified to an off-white solid.
Part B
[0790] A solution of diisopropyldiazodicarboxylate (4.63 mL, 23.5
mmol) was added dropwise over a period of two minutes to a solution
of 2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-ol (prepared as described
in Parts A through C of Example 4, 5.00 g, 20.5 mmol), tert-butyl
4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate (4.74 g, 23.5 mmol), and
triphenylphosphine (6.16 g, 23.5 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (150 mL)
at 0.degree. C. The resulting solution was allowed to warm to room
temperature and stirred for 15 hours. A precipitate was present and
was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated under
reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column
chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC system (silica cartridge,
eluting with 5% CMA in chloroform). The resulting oil was treated
with boiling tert-butyl methyl ether, and a precipitate formed. The
precipitate was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was
concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was recrystallized
from methanol to provide 3.76 g tert-butyl
4-[(2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]piperidine-1-carboxylat-
e as a white solid. The mother liquor was concentrated under
reduced pressure to provide an additional 6.24 g of product
containing some triphenylphosphine oxide.
Part C
[0791] mCPBA (1.97 g of 70% pure material, 11 mmol) was added to a
solution of tert-butyl
4-[(2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]piperidine-1-carboxylat-
e (3.76 g, 8.79 mmol), and the reaction was stirred at room
temperature for 1.5 hours. An analysis by LC/MS indicated the
presence of starting material, and additional mCPBA (250 mg) was
added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for an
additional 1.5 hours; diluted with chloroform (20 mL); washed
sequentially with aqueous sodium carbonate (20 mL of 10% w/w),
water (20 mL), and brine (20 mL); dried over sodium sulfate;
filtered; and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide
tert-butyl
4-[(5-oxido-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]piperidine-1-ca-
rboxylate as a light yellow solid.
Part D
[0792] A solution of the material from Part C in 1,2-dichloroethane
(60 mL) was heated to 65.degree. C. in a pressure vessel. Aqueous
ammonium hydroxide (20 mL of 30% w/w) and p-toluenesulfonyl
chloride (1.76 g, 9.23 mmol) were quickly added, and the vessel was
sealed and heated at 70.degree. C. for 15 hours and allowed to cool
to room temperature. The organic layer was separated and washed
sequentially with aqueous sodium carbonate (20 mL of 10% w/w) and
water (20 mL). The combined aqueous fractions were extracted with
chloroform (20 mL). The combined organic fractions were washed with
brine (25 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and
concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified
by column chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC system (silica
cartridge, eluting with 0% to 10% CMA in chloroform) to provide
2.07 g of tert-butyl
4-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]piperidine-1-ca-
rboxylate as a yellow solid.
Part E
[0793] A solution of hydrogen chloride (8 mL of 3.0 M in ethanol)
was added to a solution of tert-butyl
4-[(4-amino-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-7-yl)oxy]piperidine-1-ca-
rboxylate (2.07 g, 4.68 mmol) in ethanol (16 mL), and the resulting
solution was heated at 100.degree. C. for 30 minutes. A precipitate
formed, and the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and
diluted with diethyl ether (25 mL). The precipitate was collected
by filtration, washed with diethyl ether, and dried under vacuum
overnight. The solid was suspended in a small volume of water, and
the suspension was cooled to approximately 0.degree. C. and
adjusted to approximately pH 10 with the addition of 50% w/w
aqueous sodium hydroxide. A yellow precipitate formed and was
collected by filtration, washed with water, and dried overnight
under vacuum. The solid was purified by column chromatography using
a HORIZON HPFC system (silica cartridge, eluting with 0% to 15% CMA
in chloroform) followed by recrystallization from acetonitrile. The
crystals were dried to provide
7-(piperidin-4-yloxy)-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
as yellow crystals.
[0794] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 7.65 (d, J=8.7
Hz, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (dd, J=8.7, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.77
(s, 2H), 4.54-4.46 (m, 1H), 3.12 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.99-2.92 (m,
2H), 2.64-2.55 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.93 (m, 3H), 1.85 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 2H),
1.54-1.42 (m, 2H), 1.01 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H); MS (APCI) m/z 343.16
(M+H).sup.+.
Part F
[0795] A reagent from the table below (1.1 equivalents, 0.11 mmol)
was added to a test tube containing a solution of
7-(piperidin-4-yloxy)-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
(34 mg, 0.10 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (35 .mu.L, 0.20
mmol) in DMA (1 mL). Each test tube was capped and vortexed
overnight. Water (100 .mu.L) was added to each test tube, and then
the solvent was removed by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds
were purified by prep HPLC according to the method described in
Examples 17-55. The table below shows the acid chloride, sulfonyl
chloride, or isocyanate used for each example, the structure of the
resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated
trifluoroacetate salt.
Examples 108-127
TABLE-US-00003 ##STR00205## [0796] Ex- Measured am- Mass ple
Reagent R (M + H) 108 None ##STR00206## 343.1575 109 Acetyl
chloride ##STR00207## 385.1675 110 Propionyl chloride ##STR00208##
399.1830 111 Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride ##STR00209## 411.1852
112 Butyryl chloride ##STR00210## 413.1994 113 Isobutyryl chloride
##STR00211## 413.1981 114 Cyclopentanecarbonyl chloride
##STR00212## 439.2160 115 Cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride ##STR00213##
453.2302 116 Ethanesulfonyl chloride ##STR00214## 435.1503 117
1-Propanesulfonyl chloride ##STR00215## 449.1667 118
Isopropylsulfonyl chloride ##STR00216## 449.1693 119
1-Butanesulfonyl chloride ##STR00217## 463.1841 120 Methyl
isocyanate ##STR00218## 400.1782 121 Ethyl isocyanate ##STR00219##
414.1935 122 Isopropyl isocyanate ##STR00220## 428.2093 123
n-Propyl isocyanate ##STR00221## 428.2105 124 Cyclopropyl
isothiocyanate ##STR00222## 442.1723 125 Cyclopentyl isocyanate
##STR00223## 454.2264 126 Cyclohexyl isocyanate ##STR00224##
468.2426 127 4-Morpholinylcarbonyl chloride ##STR00225##
456.2072
Examples 128-148
[0797] A reagent from the table below (1.1 equivalents, 0.11 mmol)
was added to a test tube containing a solution of
7-(2-aminoethoxy)-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
hydrochloride, prepared as described in Example 13, Part A, (33.3
mg, 0.10 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (85 .mu.L, 0.49 mmol)
in DMA (1 mL). Each test tube was capped and vortexed overnight.
Water (two drops) was added to each test tube, and then the solvent
was removed by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified
by prep HPLC according to the method described in Examples 17-55.
The table below shows the acid chloride, sulfonyl chloride, or
isocyanate used for each example, the structure of the resulting
compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated
trifluoroacetate salt.
Examples 128-148
TABLE-US-00004 ##STR00226## [0798] Ex- Measured am- Mass ple
Reagent R (M + H) 128 None ##STR00227## 303.1298 129
Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride ##STR00228## 371.1510 130 Isobutyryl
chloride ##STR00229## 373.1663 131 Cyclopentanecarbonyl chloride
##STR00230## 399.1880 132 Benzoyl chloride ##STR00231## 407.1519
133 Isonicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride ##STR00232## 408.1518 134
Nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride ##STR00233## 408.1521 135
Methanesulfonyl chloride ##STR00234## 381.1058 136 Ethanesulfonyl
chloride ##STR00235## 395.1172 137 Dimethylsulfamoyl chloride
##STR00236## 410.1331 138 Benzenesulfonyl chloride ##STR00237##
443.1214 139 1-Methylimidazole-4- sulfonyl chloride ##STR00238##
447.1289 140 2,2,2- Trifluoroethanesulfonyl chloride ##STR00239##
449.0932 141 n-Propyl isocyanate ##STR00240## 388.1840 142
Cyclopentyl isocyanate ##STR00241## 414.1980 143 Phenyl isocyanate
##STR00242## 422.1646 144 Cyclohexyl isocyanate ##STR00243##
428.2161 145 N,N- Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride ##STR00244## 374.1687
146 1-Pyrrolidinecarbonyl chloride ##STR00245## 400.1770 147
1-Piperidinecarbonyl chloride ##STR00246## 414.1926 148
4-Morpholinylcarbonyl chloride ##STR00247## 416.1797
Examples 149-189
[0799] A phenol (0.165 mmol, 1.5 equivalents) from the table below
was added to a test tube containing
7-[2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethoxyl-2-propyl[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
(prepared as described in Example 16, 40.3 mg, 0.11 mmol) and
potassium carbonate (55 mg, 0.40 mmol) in DMA (1 mL). Each tube was
capped and heated at 85.degree. C. overnight. Each reaction mixture
was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with DMA (0.200 mL).
The solvent was then removed from the filtrate by vacuum
centrifugation. The compounds were purified using the method
described in Examples 17-55. The table below shows the phenol added
to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the
observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
Examples 149-189
TABLE-US-00005 ##STR00248## [0800] Measured Mass Example Reagent R
(M + H) 16 None ##STR00249## 366.1035 149 Phenol ##STR00250##
424.1713 150 m-Cresol ##STR00251## 438.1844 151 o-Cresol
##STR00252## 438.1863 152 p-Cresol ##STR00253## 438.1847 153
2-Fluorophenol ##STR00254## 442.1598 154 3-Fluorophenol
##STR00255## 442.1601 155 4-Fluorophenol ##STR00256## 442.1590 156
2-Cyanophenol ##STR00257## 449.1609 157 3-Cyanophenol ##STR00258##
449.1630 158 4-Cyanophenol ##STR00259## 449.1649 159
2,3-Dimethylphenol ##STR00260## 452.2024 160 2,4-Dimethylphenol
##STR00261## 452.2026 161 2,5-Dimethylphenol ##STR00262## 452.1971
162 3,4-Dimethylphenol ##STR00263## 452.1993 163 3-Methoxyphenol
##STR00264## 454.1823 164 4-Methoxyphenol ##STR00265## 454.1813 165
2-Chlorophenol ##STR00266## 458.1309 166 3-Chlorophenol
##STR00267## 458.1305 167 4-Chlorophenol ##STR00268## 458.1325 168
4'-Hydroxyacetophenone ##STR00269## 466.1804 169
3'-Hydroxyacetophenone ##STR00270## 466.1821 170 4-Hydroxybenzamide
##STR00271## 467.1742 171 Salicylamide ##STR00272## 467.1720 172
2-Nitrophenol ##STR00273## 469.1570 173 3-Nitrophenol ##STR00274##
469.1559 174 4-Nitrophenol ##STR00275## 469.1566 175
(2-Hydroxy)thioanisole ##STR00276## 470.1526 176
4-(Methylmercapto)phenol ##STR00277## 470.1615 177
3-tert-Butylphenol ##STR00278## 480.2295 178 2-Acetamidophenol
##STR00279## 481.1928 179 3-Acetamidophenol ##STR00280## 481.1924
180 4-Acetamidophenol ##STR00281## 481.1940 181 Methyl
3-hydroxybenzoate ##STR00282## 482.1783 182 2-Isopropoxyphenol
##STR00283## 482.2131 183 2-Hydroxybenzotrifluoride ##STR00284##
492.1588 184 3-Hydroxybenzotrifluoride ##STR00285## 492.1577 185
4-Hydroxybenzotrifluoride ##STR00286## 492.1598 186
2,3-Dichlorophenol ##STR00287## 492.0910 187 2,4-Dichlorophenol
##STR00288## 492.0929 188 2,5-Dichlorophenol ##STR00289## 492.0930
189 4-Hydroxybenzenesulfonamide ##STR00290## 503.1436
Exemplary Compounds
[0801] Certain exemplary compounds, including some of those
described above in the Examples, have the following Formula (IId)
and the following Z, R.sub.3d, and R.sub.2, substituents, wherein
each line of the table is matched with Formula IId to represent a
specific embodiment of the invention.
TABLE-US-00006 IId ##STR00291## Z R.sub.3d R.sub.2
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (methylsulfonyl)amino ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (methylsulfonyl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (methylsulfonyl)amino butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (methylsulfonyl)amino 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (methylsulfonyl)amino ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- pyrrolidin-1-yl ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
pyrrolidin-1-yl propyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- pyrrolidin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- pyrrolidin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- pyrrolidin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- morpholin-4-yl ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
morpholin-4-yl propyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- morpholin-4-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- morpholin-4-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- morpholin-4-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- piperidin-1-yl ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
piperidin-1-yl propyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- piperidin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- piperidin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- piperidin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
azepan-1-yl propyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl ethoxymethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl propyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl butyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl propyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl butyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl propyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxethyl)piperazin-1-yl butyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (methylsulfonyl)amino ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (methylsulfonyl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (methylsulfonyl)amino butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (methylsulfonyl)amino 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (methylsulfonyl)amino ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- pyrrolidin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- pyrrolidin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- pyrrolidin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- pyrrolidin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- pyrrolidin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- morpholin-4-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- morpholin-4-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- morpholin-4-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- morpholin-4-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- morpholin-4-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- piperidin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- piperidin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- piperidin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- piperidin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- piperidin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl
propyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-(2-hydroxethyl)piperazin-1-yl
butyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl
2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl
2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl
2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl
2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (methylsulfonyl)amino ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (methylsulfonyl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (methylsulfonyl)amino butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (methylsulfonyl)amino
2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(methylsulfonyl)amino ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- pyrrolidin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- pyrrolidin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- pyrrolidin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- pyrrolidin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- pyrrolidin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- morpholin-4-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- morpholin-4-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- morpholin-4-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- morpholin-4-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- morpholin-4-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- piperidin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- piperidin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- piperidin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- piperidin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- piperidin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl
2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl
2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxethyl)piperazin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl
ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl
butyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl
ethoxymethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl
propyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl
2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (methylsulfonyl)amino
ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(methylsulfonyl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (methylsulfonyl)amino
butyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(methylsulfonyl)amino 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (methylsulfonyl)amino
ethoxymethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
pyrrolidin-1-yl ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
pyrrolidin-1-yl propyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
pyrrolidin-1-yl butyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
pyrrolidin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- pyrrolidin-1-yl
ethoxymethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
morpholin-4-yl ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
morpholin-4-yl propyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
morpholin-4-yl butyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
morpholin-4-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- morpholin-4-yl
ethoxymethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
piperidin-1-yl ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
piperidin-1-yl propyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
piperidin-1-yl butyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
piperidin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- piperidin-1-yl
ethoxymethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
azepan-1-yl ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
azepan-1-yl propyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
azepan-1-yl butyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
azepan-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl
ethoxymethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl
propyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl
2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl
ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl
butyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl
ethoxymethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxethyl)piperazin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(methylsulfonyl)amino ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(methylsulfonyl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(methylsulfonyl)amino butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(methylsulfonyl)amino 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(methylsulfonyl)amino ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
pyrrolidin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
pyrrolidin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
pyrrolidin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
pyrrolidin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
pyrrolidin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- morpholin-4-yl
ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
morpholin-4-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- morpholin-4-yl
butyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
morpholin-4-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- morpholin-4-yl
ethoxymethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
piperidin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- piperidin-1-yl
propyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
piperidin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- piperidin-1-yl
2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
piperidin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl
ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
azepan-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl
butyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
azepan-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl
ethoxymethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxethyl)piperazin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (methylsulfonyl)amino ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (methylsulfonyl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (methylsulfonyl)amino butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (methylsulfonyl)amino
2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(methylsulfonyl)amino ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- pyrrolidin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- pyrrolidin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- pyrrolidin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- pyrrolidin-1-yl
2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
pyrrolidin-1-yl ethoxymethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
morpholin-4-yl ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
morpholin-4-yl propyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
morpholin-4-yl butyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
morpholin-4-yl 2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
morpholin-4-yl ethoxymethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
piperidin-1-yl ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
piperidin-1-yl propyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
piperidin-1-yl butyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
piperidin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
piperidin-1-yl ethoxymethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
azepan-1-yl ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl
propyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- azepan-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl
2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl
2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxethyl)piperazin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl
ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl
butyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl
ethoxymethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2 4-pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl
ethoxymethyl
[0802] Certain exemplary compounds, including some of those
described above in the Examples, have the following Formula (He)
and the following Z, R.sub.3e, and R.sub.2, substituents, wherein
each line of the table is matched with Formula IIe to represent a
specific embodiment of the invention.
TABLE-US-00007 IIe ##STR00292## Z R.sub.3e R.sub.2
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonyl)amino ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonyl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonyl)amino butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonyl)amino 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonyl)amino ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- {[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]- ethyl
carbonyl}amino --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- {[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]-
propyl carbonyl}amino --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
{[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]- butyl carbonyl}amino
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- {[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]- 2-methoxyethyl
carbonyl}amino --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- {[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]-
ethoxymethyl carbonyl}amino --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino propyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino butyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino
ethoxymethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl
ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonyl)amino ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonyl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonyl)amino butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonyl)amino
2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonyl)amino ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino
2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- {[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]- ethyl
carbonyl}amino --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
{[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]- propyl carbonyl}amino
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- {[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]- butyl
carbonyl}amino --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
{[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]- 2-methoxyethyl carbonyl}amino
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- {[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]-
ethoxymethyl carbonyl}amino --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino
propyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino
2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl
2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonyl)amino
ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonyl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonyl)amino
butyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonyl)amino 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonyl)amino
ethoxymethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- {[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]-
ethyl carbonyl}amino --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
{[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]- propyl carbonyl}amino
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- {[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]-
butyl carbonyl}amino --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
{[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]- 2-methoxyethyl carbonyl}amino
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- {[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]-
ethoxymethyl carbonyl}amino --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl
2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonyl)amino ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonyl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonyl)amino butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonyl)amino 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonyl)amino ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
{[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]- ethyl carbonyl}amino
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
{[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]- propyl carbonyl}amino
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
{[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]- butyl carbonyl}amino
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
{[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]- 2-methoxyethyl carbonyl}amino
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
{[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]- ethoxymethyl carbonyl}amino
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl
ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl
butyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl
ethoxymethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonyl)amino ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonyl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonyl)amino butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonyl)amino 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonyl)amino ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
{[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]- ethyl carbonyl}amino
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
{[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]- propyl carbonyl}amino
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
{[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]- butyl carbonyl}amino
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
{[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]- 2-methoxyethyl carbonyl}amino
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
{[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]- ethoxymethyl carbonyl}amino
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonyl)amino
ethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonyl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonyl)amino
butyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonyl)amino 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- (phenylaminocarbonyl)amino
ethoxymethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
(phenylaminocarbonothioyl)amino ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- {[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]-
ethyl carbonyl}amino --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
{[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]- propyl carbonyl}amino
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- {[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]-
butyl carbonyl}amino --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
{[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]- 2-methoxyethyl carbonyl}amino
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- {[(3-methoxyphenyl)amino]-
ethoxymethyl carbonyl}amino --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
methyl(1-methylpiperdin-4-yl)amino ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl 2-methoxyethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpiperidin-1-yl ethoxymethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl ethyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl propyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl butyl
--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2-- 1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl
2-methoxyethyl --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--
1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl ethoxymethyl
[0803] Compounds of the invention have been found to modulate
cytokine biosynthesis by inducing the production of interferon a
and/or tumor necrosis factor a in human cells when tested using one
of the methods described below.
Cytokine Induction in Human Cells
[0804] An in vitro human blood cell system is used to assess
cytokine induction. Activity is based on the measurement of
interferon (a) and tumor necrosis factor (a) (IFN-.alpha. and
TNF-.alpha., respectively) secreted into culture media as described
by Testerman et. al. in "Cytokine Induction by the Immunomodulators
Imiquimod and S-27609", Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 58, 365-372
(September, 1995).
Blood Cell Preparation for Culture
[0805] Whole blood from healthy human donors is collected by
venipuncture into vacutainer tubes or syringes containing EDTA.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are separated from whole
blood by density gradient centrifugation using HISTOPAQUE-1077
(Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) or Ficoll-Paque Plus (Amersham Biosciences
Piscataway, N.J.). Blood is diluted 1:1 with Dulbecco's Phosphate
Buffered Saline (DPBS) or Hank's Balanced Salts Solution (HBSS).
Alternately, whole blood is placed in Accuspin (Sigma) or LeucoSep
(Greiner Bio-One, Inc., Longwood, Fla.) centrifuge frit tubes
containing density gradient medium. The PBMC layer is collected and
washed twice with DPBS or HBSS and re-suspended at 4.times.10.sup.6
cells/mL in RPMI complete. The PBMC suspension is added to 96 well
flat bottom sterile tissue culture plates containing an equal
volume of RPMI complete media containing test compound.
Compound Preparation
[0806] The compounds are solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
The DMSO concentration should not exceed a final concentration of
1% for addition to the culture wells. The compounds are generally
tested at concentrations ranging from 30-0.014 .mu.M. Controls
include cell samples with media only, cell samples with DMSO only
(no compound), and cell samples with reference compound.
Incubation
[0807] The solution of test compound is added at 60 .mu.M to the
first well containing RPMI complete and serial 3 fold dilutions are
made in the wells. The PBMC suspension is then added to the wells
in an equal volume, bringing the test compound concentrations to
the desired range (usually 30-0.014 .mu.M). The final concentration
of PBMC suspension is 2.times.10.sup.6 cells/mL. The plates are
covered with sterile plastic lids, mixed gently and then incubated
for 18 to 24 hours at 37.degree. C. in a 5% carbon dioxide
atmosphere.
Separation
[0808] Following incubation the plates are centrifuged for 10
minutes at 1000 rpm (approximately 200.times.g) at 4.degree. C. The
cell-free culture supernatant is removed and transferred to sterile
polypropylene tubes. Samples are maintained at -30 to -70.degree.
C. until analysis. The samples are analyzed for IFN-a by ELISA and
for TNF-a by IGEN/BioVeris Assay.
Interferon (.alpha.) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (.alpha.)
Analysis
[0809] IFN-.alpha. concentration is determined with a human
multi-subtype colorimetric sandwich ELISA (Catalog Number 41105)
from PBL Biomedical Laboratories, Piscataway, N.J. Results are
expressed in pg/mL.
[0810] The TNF-.alpha. concentration is determined by ORIGEN
M-Series Immunoassay and read on an IGEN M-8 analyzer from BioVeris
Corporation, formerly known as IGEN International, Gaithersburg,
Md. The immunoassay uses a human TNF-.alpha. capture and detection
antibody pair (Catalog Numbers AHC3419 and AHC3712) from Biosource
International, Camarillo, Calif. Results are expressed in
pg/mL.
Assay Data and Analysis
[0811] In total, the data output of the assay consists of
concentration values of TNF-.alpha. and IFN-.alpha. (y-axis) as a
function of compound concentration (x-axis).
[0812] Analysis of the data has two steps. First, the greater of
the mean DMSO (DMSO control wells) or the experimental background
(usually 20 pg/mL for IFN-.alpha. and 40 pg/mL for TNF-.alpha.) is
subtracted from each reading. If any negative values result from
background subtraction, the reading is reported as "*", and is
noted as not reliably detectable. In subsequent calculations and
statistics, "*", is treated as a zero. Second, all background
subtracted values are multiplied by a single adjustment ratio to
decrease experiment to experiment variability. The adjustment ratio
is the area of the reference compound in the new experiment divided
by the expected area of the reference compound based on the past 61
experiments (unadjusted readings). This results in the scaling of
the reading (y-axis) for the new data without changing the shape of
the dose-response curve. The reference compound used is
2-[4-amino-2-ethoxymethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethyl-1H--
imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl]ethanol hydrate (U.S. Pat. No.
5,352,784; Example 91) and the expected area is the sum of the
median dose values from the past 61 experiments.
[0813] The minimum effective concentration is calculated based on
the background-subtracted, reference-adjusted results for a given
experiment and compound. The minimum effective concentration
(.mu.molar) is the lowest of the tested compound concentrations
that induces a response over a fixed cytokine concentration for the
tested cytokine (usually 20 pg/mL for IFN-.alpha. and 40 pg/mL for
TNF-.alpha.). The maximal response is the maximal amount of
cytokine (pg/ml) produced in the dose-response.
Cytokine Induction in Human Cells (High Throughput Screen)
[0814] The CYTOKINE INDUCTION IN HUMAN CELLS test method described
above was modified as follows for high throughput screening.
Blood Cell Preparation for Culture
[0815] Whole blood from healthy human donors is collected by
venipuncture into vacutainer tubes or syringes containing EDTA.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are separated from whole
blood by density gradient centrifugation using HISTOPAQUE-1077
(Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) or Ficoll-Paque Plus (Amersham Biosciences
Piscataway, N.J.). Whole blood is placed in Accuspin (Sigma) or
LeucoSep (Greiner Bio-One, Inc., Longwood, Fla.) centrifuge frit
tubes containing density gradient medium. The PBMC layer is
collected and washed twice with DPBS or HBSS and re-suspended at
4.times.10.sup.6 cells/mL in RPMI complete (2-fold the final cell
density). The PBMC suspension is added to 96-well flat bottom
sterile tissue culture plates.
Compound Preparation
[0816] The compounds are solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
The compounds are generally tested at concentrations ranging from
30-0.014 .mu.M. Controls include cell samples with media only, cell
samples with DMSO only (no compound), and cell samples with a
reference compound
2-[4-amino-2-ethoxymethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethyl-1H--
imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl]ethanol hydrate (U.S. Pat. No.
5,352,784; Example 91) on each plate. The solution of test compound
is added at 7.5 mM to the first well of a dosing plate and serial 3
fold dilutions are made for the 7 subsequent concentrations in
DMSO. RPMI Complete media is then added to the test compound
dilutions in order to reach a final compound concentration of
2-fold higher (60-0.028 .mu.M) than the final tested concentration
range.
Incubation
[0817] Compound solution is then added to the wells containing the
PBMC suspension bringing the test compound concentrations to the
desired range (usually 30-0.014 .mu.M) and the DMSO concentration
to 0.4%. The final concentration of PBMC suspension is
2.times.10.sup.6 cells/mL. The plates are covered with sterile
plastic lids, mixed gently and then incubated for 18 to 24 hours at
37.degree. C. in a 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere.
Separation
[0818] Following incubation the plates are centrifuged for 10
minutes at 1000 rpm (approximately 200 g) at 4.degree. C. 4-plex
Human Panel MSD MULTI-SPOT 96-well plates are pre-coated with the
appropriate capture antibodies by MesoScale Discovery, Inc. (MSD,
Gaithersburg, Md.). The cell-free culture supernatants are removed
and transferred to the MSD plates. Fresh samples are typically
tested, although they may be maintained at -30 to -70.degree. C.
until analysis.
Interferon-.alpha. and Tumor Necrosis Factor-.alpha. Analysis
[0819] MSD MULTI-SPOT plates contain within each well capture
antibodies for human TNF-.alpha. and human IFN-.alpha. that have
been pre-coated on specific spots. Each well contains four spots:
one human TNF-.alpha. capture antibody (MSD) spot, one human
IFN-.alpha. capture antibody (PBL Biomedical Laboratories,
Piscataway, N.J.) spot, and two inactive bovine serum albumin
spots. The human TNF-.alpha. capture and detection antibody pair is
from MesoScale Discovery. The human IFN-.alpha. multi-subtype
antibody (PBL Biomedical Laboratories) captures all IFN-.alpha.
subtypes except IFN-.alpha. F (IFNA21). Standards consist of
recombinant human TNF-.alpha. (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, Minn.)
and IFN-.alpha. (PBL Biomedical Laboratories). Samples and separate
standards are added at the time of analysis to each MSD plate. Two
human IFN-.alpha. detection antibodies (Cat. Nos. 21112 &
21100, PBL) are used in a two to one ratio (weight:weight) to each
other to determine the IFN-.alpha. concentrations. The
cytokine-specific detection antibodies are labeled with the
SULFO-TAG reagent (MSD). After adding the SULFO-TAG labeled
detection antibodies to the wells, each well's
electrochemoluminescent levels are read using MSD's SECTOR HTS
READER. Results are expressed in pg/mL upon calculation with known
cytokine standards.
Assay Data and Analysis
[0820] In total, the data output of the assay consists of
concentration values of TNF-.alpha. or IFN-.alpha. (y-axis) as a
function of compound concentration (x-axis).
[0821] A plate-wise scaling is performed within a given experiment
aimed at reducing plate-to-plate variability associated within the
same experiment. First, the greater of the median DMSO (DMSO
control wells) or the experimental background (usually 20 pg/mL for
IFN-.alpha. and 40 pg/mL for TNF-.alpha.) is subtracted from each
reading. Negative values that may result from background
subtraction are set to zero. Each plate within a given experiment
has a reference compound that serves as a control. This control is
used to calculate a median expected area under the curve across all
plates in the assay. A plate-wise scaling factor is calculated for
each plate as a ratio of the area of the reference compound on the
particular plate to the median expected area for the entire
experiment. The data from each plate are then multiplied by the
plate-wise scaling factor for all plates. Only data from plates
bearing a scaling factor of between 0.5 and 2.0 (for both cytokines
IFN-.alpha., TNF-.alpha.) are reported. Data from plates with
scaling factors outside the above mentioned interval are retested
until they bear scaling factors inside the above mentioned
interval. The above method produces a scaling of the y-values
without altering the shape of the curve. The reference compound
used is
2-[4-amino-2-ethoxymethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethyl-1H--
imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl]ethanol hydrate (U.S. Pat. No.
5,352,784; Example 91). The median expected area is the median area
across all plates that are part of a given experiment.
[0822] A second scaling may also be performed to reduce
inter-experiment variability (across multiple experiments). All
background-subtracted values are multiplied by a single adjustment
ratio to decrease experiment-to-experiment variability. The
adjustment ratio is the area of the reference compound in the new
experiment divided by the expected area of the reference compound
based on an average of previous experiments (unadjusted readings).
This results in the scaling of the reading (y-axis) for the new
data without changing the shape of the dose-response curve. The
reference compound used is
2-[4-amino-2-ethoxymethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethyl-1H--
imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl]ethanol hydrate (U.S. Pat. No.
5,352,784; Example 91) and the expected area is the sum of the
median dose values from an average of previous experiments.
[0823] The minimum effective concentration is calculated based on
the background-subtracted, reference-adjusted results for a given
experiment and compound. The minimum effective concentration
(.mu.molar) is the lowest of the tested compound concentrations
that induces a response over a fixed cytokine concentration for the
tested cytokine (usually 20 pg/mL for IFN-.alpha. and 40 pg/mL for
TNF-.alpha.). The maximal response is the maximal amount of
cytokine (pg/ml) produced in the dose-response.
[0824] The complete disclosures of the paterts, patert documents,
and publications cited herein are incorporated by reference in
their entirety as if each were individually incorporated. Various
modifications and alterations to this invention will become
apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the
scope and spirit of this invention. It should be understood that
this invention is not intended to be unduly limited by the
illustrative embodiments and examples set forth herein and that
such examples and embodiments are presented by way of example only
with the scope of the invention intended to be limited only by the
claims set forth herein as follows.
* * * * *