U.S. patent application number 15/223816 was filed with the patent office on 2018-02-01 for protective garment systems for protecting an individual and methods of using the same.
The applicant listed for this patent is Elwha LLC. Invention is credited to Mahalaxmi Gita Bangera, Alistair K. Chan, Jesse R. Cheatham, III, Hon Wah Chin, Muriel Y. Ishikawa, Jordin T. Kare, Eric C. Leuthardt, Gary L. McKnight, Elizabeth A. Sweeney, Lowell L. Wood, JR..
Application Number | 20180027893 15/223816 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 61011532 |
Filed Date | 2018-02-01 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180027893 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Bangera; Mahalaxmi Gita ; et
al. |
February 1, 2018 |
PROTECTIVE GARMENT SYSTEMS FOR PROTECTING AN INDIVIDUAL AND METHODS
OF USING THE SAME
Abstract
Embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems for automatically
protecting an individual from injuries using one or more sensors
and one or more protective members, and methods of using the same.
The system can include a supportive member supporting one or more
protective members. The protective members can include at least one
passive layer and at least one active layer. The active layer
includes at least one energy-responsive material that changes at
least one physical property thereof responsive to at least one
stimulus energy. For example, the system can include at least one
energy source that is configured to deliver the stimulus energy to
the energy-responsive material. The system can also include one or
more sensors configured to sense one or more characteristics. The
system can include at least one controller communicably coupled to
the energy source and the sensors.
Inventors: |
Bangera; Mahalaxmi Gita;
(Renton, WA) ; Chan; Alistair K.; (Bainbridge
Island, WA) ; Cheatham, III; Jesse R.; (Seattle,
WA) ; Chin; Hon Wah; (Palo Alto, CA) ;
Ishikawa; Muriel Y.; (Livermore, CA) ; Kare; Jordin
T.; (San Jose, CA) ; Leuthardt; Eric C.; (St.
Louis, MO) ; McKnight; Gary L.; (Bothell, WA)
; Sweeney; Elizabeth A.; (Seattle, WA) ; Wood,
JR.; Lowell L.; (Bellevue, WA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Elwha LLC |
Bellevue |
WA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
61011532 |
Appl. No.: |
15/223816 |
Filed: |
July 29, 2016 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A41D 13/0525 20130101;
A63B 71/08 20130101; A63B 2220/30 20130101; A63B 2220/805 20130101;
A41D 13/015 20130101; A63B 2220/80 20130101; A63B 2071/0625
20130101; A63B 71/081 20130101; A63B 2220/53 20130101; A63B
2071/0655 20130101; A63B 2209/02 20130101; A63B 71/0622 20130101;
A41D 1/002 20130101; A63B 2209/08 20130101; A41D 13/0506 20130101;
A61B 5/0053 20130101; A41D 31/285 20190201; A63B 2220/40 20130101;
A63B 2071/0694 20130101; A41D 31/245 20190201; A63B 2220/803
20130101; A63B 2209/00 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A41D 13/015 20060101
A41D013/015; A63B 71/08 20060101 A63B071/08; A41D 13/06 20060101
A41D013/06; A41D 13/11 20060101 A41D013/11; A41D 13/05 20060101
A41D013/05; A41D 13/08 20060101 A41D013/08 |
Claims
1. A protective garment system for protecting an individual, the
protective garment system comprising: a supportive member that is
configured to contact one or more body regions of the individual;
at least one protective member supported by the supportive member,
the at least one protective member including, at least one passive
layer; and at least one active layer coupled to the at least one
passive layer, the at least one active layer including at least one
energy-responsive material that changes at least one physical
property thereof responsive to at least one stimulus energy; at
least one energy source operably coupled to the at least one active
layer and configured to deliver the at least one stimulus energy;
one or more sensors configured to sense at least one of a potential
impact or an actual impact of the individual; and at least one
controller operably coupled to the one or more sensors and the at
least one energy source.
2. (canceled)
3. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the supportive
member includes at least one of a garment, a gear, a wrap, or a
bandage.
4. The protective garment system of claim 2, wherein the garment
includes at least one of a shirt, pants, a suit, footwear, gloves,
head covering, or a sleeve.
5. The protective garment system of claim 2 wherein the gear
includes at least one of safety gear, tactical gear, or athletic
gear.
6. The protective garment system of claim 2, wherein the at least
one protective member is positioned on the supportive member to at
least partially protect at least a portion of at least one of an
abdominal region, a spinal region, a back region, or a thoracic
region.
7. The protective garment system of claim 2, wherein the at least
one protective member is positioned on the supportive member to at
least partially protect at least a portion of at least one of a
hand, an arm, or a shoulder.
8. The protective garment system of claim 2, wherein the at least
one protective member is positioned on the supportive member to at
least partially protect at least a portion of at least one of a
foot, a leg, or a pelvic region of the individual.
9. The protective garment system of claim 2, wherein the at least
one protective member is positioned on the supportive member to at
least partially protect at least a portion of at least one of a
head, a face, or a neck of the individual.
10-17. (canceled)
18. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the at least
one protective member is at least partially formed from a plurality
of segments, the plurality of segments includes the at least one
passive layer or the at least one active layer.
19-23. (canceled)
24. The protective garment system of claim 18, wherein, at least
some of the plurality of segments includes the at least one active
layer; and the at least one energy source is operably coupled to
each of the at least some of the plurality of segments.
25. The protective garment system of claim 24, wherein each of the
at least some of the plurality of segments includes at least one
energy source disposed therein or thereon.
26. The system of claim 18, wherein at least some of the plurality
of segments are communicably coupled together.
27. The system of claim 26, wherein at least one of the at least
some of plurality of segments includes the at least one controller
disposed therein or thereon, and the at least one controller is
communicably coupled to another of the at least some of the
plurality of segments.
28. (canceled)
29. (canceled)
30. The system of claim 18, wherein, the at least one active layer
includes the plurality of segments; and the plurality of segments
includes at least one independent segment, the at least one
independent segment includes the at least one energy source, the
one or more sensors, and the at least one controller disposed
therein or thereon; wherein the at least one controller is
configured to direct the at least one energy source to active the
at least one energy-responsive material of the at least one active
layer of the at least one independent segment responsive to the one
or more sensors of the at least one independent segment sensing the
potential impact or the actual impact against the at least one
independent segment.
31. (canceled)
32. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the at least
one energy-responsive material exhibits a viscosity that changes
responsive to the at least one stimulus energy.
33. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the at least
one energy-responsive material increases or decreases volume
responsive to the at least one stimulus energy.
34. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the at least
one energy-responsive material changes a shape responsive to the at
least one stimulus energy.
35. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the at least
one physical property includes at least one of elastic modulus,
shear modulus, yield strength, or density.
36. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the at least
one energy-responsive material includes an electrorheological
fluid.
37. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the at least
one energy-responsive material includes an electroactive
polymer.
38. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the at least
one energy-responsive material includes a magnetorheological
fluid.
39. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the at least
one energy-responsive material includes a non-Newtonian fluid.
40. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the at least
one energy-responsive material includes an auxetic material.
41. The protective garment system of claim 40, wherein the auxetic
material includes auxetic fibers.
42. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the at least
one energy-responsive material is substantially solid.
43. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the at least
one energy source includes at least one electrical energy
source.
44. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the at least
one energy source includes at least one magnetic field source.
45. The protective garment system of claim 44, wherein the at least
one magnetic field source includes at least one of a permanent
magnet or an electromagnet.
46. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the at least
one energy source includes at least one mechanical actuator.
47. (canceled)
48. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the at least
one controller is configured to direct the at least one energy
source to controllably deliver the at least one stimulus energy to
the at least one energy-responsive material.
49. The protective garment system of claim 48, wherein the at least
one controller is configured to direct the at least one energy
source responsive to sensing by the one or more sensors.
50. The protective garment system of claim 48, wherein the at least
one controller is configured to control a magnitude of the at least
one stimulus energy.
51. The protective garment system of claim 50, wherein the at least
one controller is configured to control the magnitude of the at
least one stimulus energy responsive to one or more characteristics
sensed by the one or more sensors.
52. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the one or
more sensors includes at least one of one or more accelerometers,
one or more proximity sensors, one or more pressure sensors, one or
more optical sensors, one or more acoustical sensors, or one or
more force sensors.
53. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the one or
more sensors are configured to sense at least one of a force of
impact, a location of impact relative to the supportive member, a
direction of impact, movement of the supportive member, movement of
a potential impact source, movement of an actual impact source, or
an activity of the individual wearing the supportive member.
54. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the one or
more sensors are configured to sense at least one of an
acceleration of a portion of the individual or the supportive
member worn by the individual, a deceleration of a portion of the
individual or the supportive member worn by the individual, a force
applied to a portion of the individual or the supportive member
worn by the individual, or a predicted force applied to at least
one of the individual wearing the supportive member or the
protective member.
55. (canceled)
56. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein, the one or
more sensors are associated with at least one specific region of
the system; and the at least one controller is configured to direct
the at least one energy source to deliver the at least one stimulus
energy to the at least one energy-responsive material of the at
least one specific region responsive to the one or more sensors
sensing the potential impact or the actual impact.
57. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the at least
one controller includes a plurality of controllers each of which is
operably coupled to at least one of the one or more sensors.
58. The protective garment system of claim 57, wherein each of the
plurality of controllers is associated with a specific region of
the supportive member, and each of the plurality of controllers is
configured to direct the at least one energy source to deliver the
at least one stimulus energy to the at least one energy responsive
material of the at least one specific region of the supportive
member responsive to the one or more sensors sensing the potential
impact or the actual impact against the at least one specific
region of the supportive member.
59. (canceled)
60. (canceled)
61. (canceled)
62. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the at least
one controller includes an interface configured to communicate with
one or more of a user, a computing device, a tablet, a mobile
computing device, or a remote control.
63. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the at least
one controller is configured to determine at least one of a
likelihood of impact, a predicted location of impact, or an
estimated force of impact against the supportive member at least
partially based on the sensed potential impact.
64. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one controller is
configured to determine whether the potential impact or the actual
impact meets or exceeds an impact threshold level, wherein the at
least one controller directs the at least one energy source to
deliver the at least one stimulus energy to the at least one active
layer when the potential impact or the actual impact meets or
exceeds the impact threshold level.
65. (canceled)
66. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein the at least
one controller is configured to determine a likelihood of injury to
the individual caused by the potential impact or the actual impact
against the supportive member at least partially based on sensing
by the one or more sensors.
67. (canceled)
68. The protective garment system of claim 1, wherein at least one
of the at least one energy source, the one or more sensors, or the
at least one controller is at least partially disposed in, attached
to, or incorporated with the supportive member.
69. (canceled)
70. (canceled)
71. A protective garment system for protecting one or more body
parts of at least one individual, comprising: a plurality of
supportive members, each of the plurality of supportive members are
configured to contact one or more body regions of at least one
individual, each of the plurality of supportive members supporting
at least, at least one protective member including, at least one
passive layer; and at least one active layer coupled to the at
least one passive layer, the at least one active layer including at
least one energy-responsive material that changes at least one
physical property thereof responsive to at least one stimulus
energy; at least one energy source operably coupled to the at least
one active layer and configured to deliver the at least one
stimulus energy; one or more sensors configured to sense a
potential impact or an actual impact with at least one of the
plurality of supportive members; and at least one controller
operably coupled to the one or more sensors and the at least one
energy source, the at least one controller configured to direct the
at least one energy source to deliver the at least one stimulus
energy to the at least one energy-responsive material.
72. The protective garment system of claim 71, wherein the at least
one protective member of at least one of the plurality of
supportive members is at least partially formed from a plurality of
segments, the plurality of segments includes the at least one
passive layer or the at least one active layer.
73-89. (canceled)
90. A method of protecting one or more body parts of an individual,
the method comprising: with one or more sensors, sensing a
potential impact or an actual impact against a supportive member
worn by the individual, the supportive member configured to contact
one or more body regions of the individual, the supportive member
supporting at least at least one protective member, the protective
member including, at least one passive layer; at least one active
layer coupled to the at least one passive layer, the at least one
active layer including at least one energy-responsive material that
changes at least one physical property thereof responsive to at
least one stimulus energy; and at least one energy source operably
coupled to the at least one active layer; and with at least one
controller, directing the at least one energy source to deliver the
at least one stimulus energy to the at least one energy-responsive
material of the at least one active layer to change the at least
one physical property of the at least one energy-responsive
material.
91-110. (canceled)
Description
[0001] If an Application Data Sheet (ADS) has been filed on the
filing date of this application, it is incorporated by reference
herein. Any applications claimed on the ADS for priority under 35
U.S.C. .sctn..sctn.119, 218, 121, or 365(c), and any and all
parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, etc. applications of such
applications, are also incorporated by reference, including any
priority claims made in those applications and any material
incorporated by reference, to the extent such subject matter is not
inconsistent herewith.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] The present application claims the benefit of the earliest
available effective filing date(s) from the following listed
application(s) (the "Priority Applications"), if any, listed below
(e.g., claims earliest available priority dates for other than
provisional patent applications or claims benefits under 35 USC
.sctn.119(e) for provisional patent applications, for any and all
parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, etc. applications of the
Priority Application(s)).
PRIORITY APPLICATIONS
[0003] None.
[0004] If the listings of applications provided above are
inconsistent with the listings provided via an ADS, it is the
intent of the Applicant to claim priority to each application that
appears in the Domestic Benefit/National Stage Information section
of the ADS and to each application that appears in the Priority
Applications section of this application.
[0005] All subject matter of the Priority Applications and of any
and all applications related to the Priority Applications by
priority claims (directly or indirectly), including any priority
claims made and subject matter incorporated by reference therein as
of the filing date of the instant application, is incorporated
herein by reference to the extent such subject matter is not
inconsistent herewith.
BACKGROUND
[0006] Impact injuries are sustained from impacts of objects
against an individual and impact of the individual against objects.
Impact injuries include blunt force traumas, punctures, concussion,
broken bones, damaged joints, and other medical conditions.
Equipment for prevention of impact injuries has existed for many
centuries in many forms, including medieval armor and ancient
Egyptian helmets.
[0007] Prevention of impact injuries has led to the development of
modern safety equipment, such as hardhats, batting helmets,
football pads, knee-braces, and body armor such as bullet proof
vests, etc. Some safety equipment useful for preventing impact
injuries is bulky, cumbersome, heavy, and can limit movement. For
example, football pads can limit movement and tend to be bulky.
Knee or other joint braces can unduly limit range of motion. Body
armor tends to be bulky, heavy, and may limit range of motion in
some cases.
SUMMARY
[0008] Embodiments disclosed herein relate to a system for
automatically protecting an individual from injuries using one or
more sensors and one or more protective members, and methods of
using the same. In an embodiment, a protective garment system for
protecting an individual is disclosed. The protective garment
system includes a supportive member that is configured to contact
one or more body regions of the individual. The protective garment
system also includes at least one protective member supported by
the supportive member. The protective member includes at least one
passive layer and at least one active layer coupled to the at least
one passive layer. The at least one active layer can include at
least one energy-responsive material that changes at least one
physical property thereof responsive to at least one stimulus
energy. The protective garment system can also include at least one
energy source operably coupled to the at least one active layer and
configured to deliver the at least one stimulus energy. The
protective garment system further includes one or more sensors
configured to sense at least one of an actual impact or a potential
impact of the individual. The protective garment system includes at
least one controller operably can be coupled to the one or more
sensors and the at least one energy source.
[0009] In an embodiment, a protective garment system is disclosed
for protecting one or more body parts of at least one individual.
The protective garment system includes a plurality of supportive
members. Each of the plurality of supportive members is configured
to contact one or more body regions of the at least one individual.
Each of the plurality of supportive members supports at least one
protective member. The at least one protective member includes at
least one passive layer and at least one active layer coupled to
the at least one passive layer. The active layer includes at least
one energy-responsive material that changes at least one physical
property thereof responsive to at least one stimulus energy. Each
of the plurality of supportive members also supports at least one
energy source operably coupled to the at least one active layer and
configured to deliver the at least one stimulus energy. The
protective garment system includes one or more sensors configured
to sense at least one of a potential impact or an actual impact
with at least one of the plurality of supportive members. The
protective garment system includes at least one controller that can
be operably coupled to the one or more sensors and the at least one
energy source. The at least one controller is configured to direct
the at least one energy source to deliver the at least one stimulus
energy to the at least one energy-responsive material.
[0010] In an embodiment, a method of protecting one or more body
parts of an individual is disclosed. The method includes, with one
or more sensors, sensing at least one of a potential impact or an
actual impact against a supportive member worn by the individual.
The supportive member is configured to contact one or more body
regions of the individual. The supportive member can support at
least one protective member. The at least one protective member
includes at least one passive layer and at least one active layer
coupled to the at least one passive layer. The at least one active
layer includes at least one energy-responsive material that changes
at least one physical property thereof responsive to at least one
stimulus energy. The supportive member also supports at least one
energy source operably coupled to the at least one active layer.
The method also includes, with a controller, directing the at least
one energy source to deliver the at least one stimulus energy to
the at least one energy-responsive material of the at least one
active layer to change the at least one physical property of the at
least one energy-responsive material.
[0011] Features from any of the disclosed embodiments can be used
in combination with one another, without limitation. In addition,
other features and advantages of the present disclosure will become
apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art through
consideration of the following detailed description and the
accompanying drawings.
[0012] The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not
intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative
aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further
aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by
reference to the drawings and the following detailed
description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0013] FIG. 1 is a schematic of a system for protecting an
individual from injuries, according to an embodiment.
[0014] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a portion of a protective
member incorporated in a system for protecting an individual from
injuries, according to an embodiment.
[0015] FIG. 3A is a partial cross-sectional view of a protective
member, while an electroactive polymer thereof is in a first state,
according to an embodiment.
[0016] FIGS. 3B-3D are cross-sectional views of the protective
member shown in FIG. 3A, while an electroactive polymer thereof is
in a second state, according to different embodiments.
[0017] FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a protective
member, according to an embodiment.
[0018] FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of a protective
member, according to an embodiment.
[0019] FIG. 6A is a partial cross-sectional view of a protective
member, according to an embodiment.
[0020] FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of the energy-responsive
material of the protective member shown in FIG. 6A in a second
state, according to an embodiment.
[0021] FIG. 6C is a cross-sectional view of the energy-responsive
material of the protective member shown in FIG. 6A in a third
state, according to an embodiment.
[0022] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional schematic view of a portion of a
protective member that includes three layers, according to an
embodiment.
[0023] FIG. 8A is a top view of a protective member that include a
plurality of segments, according to an embodiment.
[0024] FIG. 8B is a top view of a protective member that includes a
plurality of segments, according to an embodiment.
[0025] FIG. 8C is a side, cross-sectional view of a protective
member that includes a plurality of segments, according to an
embodiment.
[0026] FIG. 8D is a side, cross-sectional view of a protective
member that includes a plurality of segments, according to an
embodiment.
[0027] FIGS. 9A-9D are schematics of different supportive members
that can include any of the protective members disclosed herein,
according to different embodiments.
[0028] FIG. 10A is a schematic illustration of system that includes
a plurality of supportive members, according to an embodiment.
[0029] FIG. 10B is a schematic of a system that includes a
plurality of supportive members, according to an embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] Embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems for
automatically protecting an individual (e.g., human or non-human
animal) from injuries using one or more sensors and one or more
protective members, and methods of using the same. The system can
include a supportive member supporting one or more protective
members (e.g., the protective members are attached to, disposed in,
disposed on, incorporated into, or otherwise supported by the
supportive member). The supportive member can include any item that
contacts a portion of one or more body regions of the individual,
such as a garment or gear. The protective members can include at
least one passive layer and at least one active layer. The at least
one active layer includes at least one energy-responsive material
that changes at least one physical property thereof responsive to
at least one stimulus energy. For example, the system can include
at least one energy source that is configured to deliver the
stimulus energy to the energy-responsive material. The system can
also include one or more sensors configured to sense one or more
characteristics, such as at least one of a potential impact or an
actual impact of the individual. The system can include at least
one controller communicably coupled to the energy source and the
sensors.
[0031] In the following detailed description, reference is made to
the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the
drawings, similar symbols typically identify similar components,
unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments
described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not
meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized, and other
changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of
the subject matter presented here.
[0032] FIG. 1 is a schematic of a system 100 for protecting an
individual 102 from injuries such as impacts, punctures wounds,
concussion, etc., according to an embodiment. The system 100
includes one or more protective members 104, one or more sensors
106, and at least one controller 108. At least one of the one or
more protective members 104, one or more sensors 106, or at least
one controller 108 can be supported by a supportive member 110. The
supportive member 110 can be worn by the individual 102. The one or
more protective members 104 are configured to change from a first
state to a second state responsive to direction from the at least
one controller 108. In the first state, the protective members 104
can be configured to provide relative flexibility or freedom of
movement to one or more of a body part of the individual (e.g.,
leg, abdomen, etc.) or at least a portion of the supportive member
110 adjacent thereto. In the second state, the protective members
104 can be configured to provide relative inflexibility or rigidity
to one or more of the body part of the individual 102 or at least a
portion of the supportive member 110 adjacent thereto for enhanced
protection of the individual 102 from injuries. In an embodiment,
the first state may provide less relative flexibility than the
second state. The relative inflexibility state may provide one or
more of impact resistance, structural support, or force-dampening
effects to a body part of the individual 102 or to the supportive
member 110.
[0033] The one or more sensors 106 are configured to sense at least
one of a potential impact or an actual impact, as described in
detail below. The sensed potential impact or actual impact can be
relayed from the one or more sensors 106 to the controller 108 as
described in detail below. The controller 108 is configured to
selectively direct one or more of the protective members to alter
from the first state to the second state, vice versa, or some state
therebetween, responsive to the sensed impact or potential impact
as described in detail below.
[0034] In an embodiment, at least a portion of the protective
member 104 or the supportive member 110 is configured to conform or
be conformable to one or more body regions of the individual 102.
For example, the body region of the individual 102 can include an
abdominal region, a spinal region, a back region, a thoracic
region, an arm, or another portion of the individual 102.
[0035] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a portion of a protective
member 204 incorporated in a system 200 for protecting an
individual from injuries, according to an embodiment. The
protective member 204 can be supported by, for example, being at
least partially disposed in, attached to, or incorporated with a
supportive member (e.g., supportive member 110 of FIG. 1). The
protective member 204 can be supported by the supportive member to
at least partially protect the individual wearing the supportive
member from injuries that can occur during a hazardous event.
[0036] In an embodiment, the supportive member includes an article
of clothing, apparel, or gear that supports one or more components
of a system (e.g., the system 100 of FIG. 1). For example, the
supportive member can be athletic apparel or gear (e.g., football
jersey, a rib guard, a hockey girdle, shoulder pads, etc.), and the
protective member 204 can be supported by the supportive member to
at least partially protect the individual from injuries that can
occur during an athletic event. In another example, the supportive
member can be apparel or gear that is worn during a potentially
hazardous activity. The hazardous activity can be an activity that
includes projectiles or other actual or potential impact sources.
In particular, the supportive member can be at least a portion of
military apparel, policeman's uniform, fireman's uniform, first
responder's uniform, construction worker's apparel, paintball
apparel, ski apparel, motorcycle safety apparel, tactical gear, or
other similar items. In such an example, the protective member 204
can be positioned on the supportive member to protect a portion of
the individual that is not protected by the other safety equipment
or can be positioned to protect a portion of the individual that is
already protected by the other safety equipment. In an embodiment,
the supportive member includes supportive gear or appeal. For
example, the supportive gear or apparel can include a wrap, a
brace, or an athletic supporter. In an embodiment, the supportive
member includes a bandage or wound dressing. In an embodiment, the
supportive member can include fabric, such as one or more a natural
fabric (e.g., cotton, leather, wool, etc.), synthetic fabrics
(e.g., nylon, polyester such as neoprene, etc.), or one or more
polymers (e.g., a plastic helmet).
[0037] The protective member 204 is formed from two or more layers.
For example, the protective member 204 includes at least one
passive layer 212 and at least one active layer 214 coupled to the
passive layer 212. The active layer 214 includes at least one
energy-responsive material that changes at least one physical
property thereof responsive to at least one stimulus energy 215
being delivered thereto. The protective member 204 further includes
at least one energy source 216 that is operably coupled to the
active layer 214 and is configured to output and deliver the
stimulus energy 215 (e.g., controllably deliver a selected
magnitude of the stimulus energy) to the energy-responsive
material. In an embodiment, the protective member 204 or the
supportive member supporting the protective member 204 can include
one or more sensors 206. The sensors 206 can be configured to sense
at least one of a potential impact or an actual impact against the
individual wearing the supportive member. The protective member 204
can also include at least one controller 208 including control
electrical circuitry. The controller 208 can be communicably
coupled to one or more components of the protective member 204. The
control electrical circuitry can be configured to at least
partially control at least some of the components to which the
controller 208 is communicably coupled.
[0038] The passive layer 212 can include any suitable material. For
example, the passive layer 212 can include one or more suitable
materials that do not substantially change at least one physical
property thereof when the active layer 214 is subjected to the
stimulus energy 215 or responsive to receiving or interacting with
the stimulus energy 215. In an embodiment, the passive layer 212
can include at least one fabric. For example, the fabric can
include one or more of wool, cotton, silk, linen, nylon, spandex,
rayon, polyester, acrylic, another natural fabric, or another
synthetic fabric. In an embodiment, the passive layer 212 can be
configured to provide some form of protection to an individual. For
example, the passive layer 212 can include one or more of a foam,
Kevlar, Lexan, a carbon fiber composite material, a tear-resistant
material, an indentation-resistant material, an impact-resistant
material, or a force-dampening material. In an embodiment, the
passive layer 212 can be configured to apply the stimulus energy
215 to the active layer 214 (e.g., the passive layer 212 can
include the energy source 216). In an embodiment, the passive layer
212 can include one or more water-resistant or waterproof materials
(e.g., water-repelling coating, polyethylene, a water-resistant
membrane). In an embodiment, the passive layer 212 can
substantially be the same as the supportive member 110.
[0039] In an embodiment, the passive layer 212 or the active layer
214 can be configured to directly contact at least one body region
of an individual. In an embodiment, the passive layer 212 or the
active layer 214 can form an exterior or interior layer of the
protective member 204. For example, the passive layer 212 can form
both an exterior and interior layer such that the passive layer 212
at least partially or completely surrounds the active layer 214, or
vice versa. In an embodiment, the passive layer 212 or the active
layer 214 can form all or part of athletic apparel or gear. For
example, the passive layer 212 or the active layer 214 can define a
plurality of perforations, absorb sweat, include one or more logos,
numbers, or letters, etc. In an embodiment, the passive layer 212
or the active layer 214 can include a material that stretches or is
flexible such that the protective member 204 better conforms or is
conformable to at least one body region (e.g., at least one surface
of the body region) of the individual and does not inhibit movement
of the individual. In an embodiment, the passive layer 212 or the
active layer 214 can naturally conform to at least one body region
of a specific individual (e.g., specifically designed or
manufactured to be worn by the specific individual). For example,
the at least one body region of the specific individual can be
scanned to sense a topography using any suitable method (e.g., 3D
laser scanning), and the passive layer 212 or the active layer 214
is formed (e.g., by 3-dimensional printing) to substantially
conform to the at least one body region of the specific individual.
In another example, the passive layer 212 or the active layer 214
can be applied to the at least one body region of the specific
individual and the passive layer 212 or the active layer 214 can be
treated (e.g., heat treated) to substantially conform to the at
least one body region of the specific individual. In an embodiment,
the passive layer 212 or the active layer 214 can form at least a
portion of or be distinct from the supportive member. In an
embodiment, the protective member 204 and supportive member are
substantially a single unit.
[0040] The passive layer 212 and the active layer 214 can be
coupled together using any suitable method. For example, the
protective member 204 can include at least one of an adhesive,
stitches, one or more mechanical fasteners such as rivets, screws,
or clamps, or another suitable attachment mechanism that couples
the passive layer 212 and the active layer 214 together.
[0041] The active layer 214 can include any suitable
energy-responsive material that changes at least one physical
property thereof responsive to receiving the stimulus energy 215.
In an embodiment, the energy-responsive material can be or include
at least one of a solid or a fluid (e.g., liquid, gas, or gel). In
an embodiment, the energy-responsive material can include at least
one of an electrorheological fluid, a magnetorheological fluid, an
electroactive polymer, a non-Newtonian fluid, or an auxetic
material. In an embodiment, the energy-responsive material can
include a piezoelectric material, a ferrofluid, or another suitable
material. In an embodiment, the energy-responsive material can
include any suitable material that changes (e.g., increases or
decreases) at least one of a stiffness thereof, a volume thereof, a
cross-sectional area thereof in at least one direction, a density
thereof, a viscosity thereof, a shear modulus thereof, an elastic
modulus thereof, a yield stress thereof, a density thereof, etc.
responsive to the stimulus energy 215. In an embodiment, the active
layer 214 can include a material that exhibits a phase change or
shape change (e.g., elastic or inelastic deformation) responsive to
the stimulus energy 215.
[0042] In an embodiment, the active layer 214 can at least
substantially only include the energy-responsive material. In an
embodiment, the active layer 214 can include the energy-responsive
material and at least one passive material (e.g., a material that
does not change a physical property thereof responsive to the
stimulus energy 215). For example, the energy-responsive material
can include a liquid and the active layer 214 can include a
reservoir at least partially formed from the passive material. In
an embodiment, the active layer 214 can include a composite that
includes the energy-responsive material and the passive material.
In an embodiment, the passive material can form part of the energy
source 216 that is at least partially positioned in or on the
active layer 214.
[0043] In an embodiment, the energy-responsive material can include
a plurality of different energy-responsive materials. For example,
the energy-responsive material can include a first
energy-responsive material and a second energy-responsive material
that is different than the first energy-responsive material. In an
embodiment, the first energy-responsive material can change at
least one physical property thereof responsive to being subjected
to a first stimulus energy, and the second energy-responsive
material can change at least one physical property thereof
responsive to being subject to a second stimulus energy that is
different than the at least one first stimulus energy. In an
embodiment, the first and second energy-responsive materials can
change at least one physical property thereof responsive to the
same stimulus energy.
[0044] In an embodiment, the active layer 214 can be configured to
be switchable between at least a first and second state. The active
layer 214 can be in the first state when the stimulus energy 215 is
not actively delivered to the energy-responsive material. The
energy-responsive material can exhibit a first physical property
when the active layer 214 is in the first state. The active layer
214 can be in the second state when a first stimulus energy is
actively delivered to the energy-responsive material. The at least
one energy-responsive material can exhibit a second physical
property that is different from the first physical property when
the active layer 214 is in the second state. In an embodiment, the
active layer 214 can be configured to be switchable between the
first state, the second state, and at least one additional active
state (e.g., a third state) that is different than the first and
second states. The active layer 214 can be in the third state when
a second stimulus energy is actively delivered to the
energy-responsive material. The second stimulus energy can be
different from the first stimulus energy. For example, the second
stimulus energy can be a different type of stimulus energy than the
first stimulus energy (e.g., the first stimulus energy can be a
magnetic field and the second stimulus energy can be an electric
field), the at least one second stimulus energy can exhibit a
different magnitude that the at least one first stimulus, etc. The
at least one energy-responsive material can exhibit a third
physical property when the active layer 214 is in the third
state.
[0045] The energy source 216 can include any device configured to
subject the active layer 214 to the stimulus energy 215. In an
embodiment, the energy source 216 can be configured to output at
least one of electrical energy, magnetic energy, mechanical energy,
thermal energy, electromagnetic energy, or another suitable type of
energy. For example, electrical energy can be an electric field
generated from one or more electrodes or one or more electrode
pairs. For example, the magnetic energy can be a magnetic field
generated from one or more electromagnets or one or more permanent
magnets. For example, the mechanical energy can be generated from
one or more piezoelectric actuators, one or more shape memory alloy
actuators, one or more hydraulic actuators, one or more
microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), one or more
nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), etc.
[0046] In an embodiment, the energy source 216 can be directly
coupled to the active layer 214. For example, the energy source 216
can be at least partially positioned in or on the active layer 214.
In an embodiment, the energy source 216 can be remote from the
active layer 214. For example, the energy source 216 can be at
least partially positioned in or on the passive layer 212. In an
embodiment, the energy source 216 can be spaced from the protective
member 204 (e.g., attached to or otherwise supported by a portion
of the supportive member).
[0047] In an embodiment, the energy source 216 can include a
plurality of energy sources. For example, the energy source 216 can
include a first energy source and a second energy source that is
different from the first energy source. The first energy source can
be configured to deliver a first stimulus and the second energy
source can be configured to deliver a second stimulus source to the
energy-responsive material. For example, the energy-responsive
material includes a first and second energy-responsive material
that changes at least one physical property thereof responsive to
the first and second stimulus energy, respectively. In an
embodiment, the energy-responsive material exhibits a first,
second, and third physical property that are each different. The
energy-responsive material can exhibit the first physical property
when no stimulus energy is delivered thereto, the second physical
property when the one first stimulus energy is delivered thereto,
and a third physical property when the second stimulus energy is
delivered thereto. In an embodiment, the at least one energy source
216 can include a single energy source.
[0048] The protective member 204 or supportive member supporting
the protective member 204 can include one or more sensors 206
configured to sense one or more characteristics of at least one of
a potential impact source, an actual impact source, an actual
impact against the individual, the supportive member, the
protective member 204, or the individual. In an embodiment, at
least one of the sensors 206 is at least partially positioned in or
on the protective member 204. In an embodiment, at least one of the
sensors 206 is spaced from the protective member 204 and at least
partially positioned in or on the supportive member. In an
embodiment, at least one of the sensors 206 is spaced from the
protective member 204 and the supportive member. For example, at
least one of the sensors 206 can be at least partially positioned
in a playing field, a stadium, a device that monitors the
supportive member (e.g., the central computing unit 1054 of FIG.
10), another structure, or other remote location.
[0049] In an embodiment, the sensors 206 can be configured to sense
one or more characteristics of at least one of a potential impact
source or actual impact source. For example, the sensors 206 can
sense a radius of curvature, a color, a roughness, size, a
hardness, a density, etc. of the potential impact source or actual
impact source. The potential impact source or actual impact source
can be another individual, another athlete (e.g., a football
player), a projectile (e.g., a ball, falling debris), a surface
(e.g., a road, a playing surface, a fence), etc. In an example, an
optical sensor can sense a radius of curvature to determine if the
impact source includes a sharp edge. In an example, an acoustic
sensor can sense a hardness of an impact source.
[0050] In an embodiment, the sensors 206 can be configured to sense
the actual impact against the protective member 204, the supportive
member, or the individual. For example, the sensors 206 can sense
the force (e.g., angular force) of the actual impact, area of the
protective member 204, supportive member, or individual impacted,
acceleration or deceleration of the actual impact source, radius of
curvature of the actual impact source, size of the actual impact
source, a temporary or permanent indentation into the individual
caused by the actual impact, a location of the actual impact
relative to the individual, a direction of impact, acceleration or
deceleration of the individual, etc. In an embodiment, the sensors
206 can be configured to sense the movement of at least a portion
of the individual (e.g., the supportive member worn by the
individual), the movement of the supportive member, the movement of
the potential impact source, or the movement of the actual impact
source. The movement of at least a portion of the individual, of
the supportive member, of the potential impact source, or of the
actual impact source includes at least one of a position, direction
of movement, speed, acceleration, deceleration, or direction of
acceleration or deceleration of the individual, the supportive
member, the potential impact source, or the actual impact source.
In an embodiment, the sensors 206 can be configured to sense one or
more characteristics of the protective member 204, the supportive
member, or the individual. For example, the sensors 206 can be
configured to sense the spatial location, heartrate, perspiration,
oxygen level, etc. of the individual that can be indicative of a
potential impact or an actual impact against the individual. In an
embodiment, the sensors 206 are configured to sense a time of day,
an activity, a location, etc.
[0051] In an embodiment, the sensors 206 can include one or more
sensors configured to sense the movement of the individual, the
potential impact source, or the actual impact source. For example,
the sensors 206 can include one or more of an accelerometer, a
proximity sensor, an optical sensor, a topography sensor, a
pressure sensor, a thermal sensor, a force sensor, an acoustic
sensor, among others. In an embodiment, the sensors 206 can include
one or more proximity sensors configured to sense one or more
characteristics of the individual, the potential impact source, or
the actual impact source. The one or more proximity sensors can
include an infrared sensor, sonar, a laser rangefinder, a
micro-impulse radar, an inductive sensor, a capacitive sensor, a
photoelectric sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, etc. In an embodiment,
the sensors 206 can include one or more optical sensors configured
to sense one or more characteristics of the individual, the
potential impact source, or the actual impact source. The one or
more optical sensors can include an active-pixel sensor,
light-emitting diodes that are reversed biased, a transducer, etc.
For example, the optical sensors can be configured to sense a
geometry of the potential or actual impact source. In an
embodiment, the sensors 206 can include one or more topography
sensors configured to sense a radius of curvature of the potential
impact source of the actual impact source. In an embodiment, the
one or more sensors can include a thermal sensor configured to
sense one or more characteristics of the individual, the potential
impact source, or the actual impact source. In an embodiment, the
sensors 206 can include a force sensor configured to sense one or
more characteristics of the actual impact. The force sensor can
include a pressure sensor, a transducer, a displacement sensor,
etc. In an embodiment, the sensors 206 can include one or more
acoustic sensors configured to sense one or more characteristics of
the individual, the potential impact source, or the actual impact
source. For example, the acoustic sensors can be configured to
sense a geometry, stiffness, or density of the potential or actual
impact source. In an embodiment, the sensors 206 can include an
inertia sensor (e.g., MEMS inertia sensor) configured to sense
movement of the individual. In an embodiment, the sensors 206 can
include a heart rate monitor configured to sense the heart rate of
the individual. In an embodiment, the sensors 206 can include a
moisture sensor configured to sense sweat, blood, other body
fluids, or other fluids.
[0052] The sensors 206 can be configured to sense one or more of
direction of travel of at least a portion of the individual,
velocity of at least a portion of the individual, acceleration of
the individual, deceleration of at least a portion of the
individual, a pressure applied to a portion of the individual or
sensors on the supportive member worn by the individual by an
object, a radius of curvature of the object contacting the
protective garment system, a predicted force (e.g., tension,
stress, strain, etc.) on a body part of the individual, or a
direction of likely impact to at least one body part of the
individual.
[0053] In an embodiment, at least one of the sensors 206 can be
configured to sense one or more characteristics of a specific
portion of the protective member 204 (e.g., segments 844a-d of
FIGS. 8A-8D), the supportive member, the individual, or a location
external therefrom. For example, one of the sensors 206 can be
configured to sense a force of an actual impact against a specific
portion of the supportive member (e.g., protective member 204). In
such an example, the sensors can include a first sensor configured
to sense a force against a first selected portion of the supportive
member and a second sensor configured to sense a force against a
second selected portion of the supportive member distinct from the
first selected portion. In an embodiment, at least one of the
sensors 206 can be configured to sense one or more characteristics
of the entire protective member 204, the entire supportive member,
the entire individual, or a relative large location external
therefrom.
[0054] In an embodiment, the sensors 206 can be communicably
coupled to one or more components of the protective member, the
supportive member, or a device distinct from the protective member
and the supportive member (e.g., the central computing unit 1054 of
FIG. 10B). As such, the sensors 206 can transmit the sensed
information signals 217 responsive to sensing the characteristics.
For example, the sensed information signals 217 can include data
encoded therein including the sensed characteristics. In an
embodiment, the sensors 206 can sense the characteristics or
transmit the sensed information signals 217 responsive to direction
from the controller 208.
[0055] In an embodiment, the sensors 206 can include a plurality of
sensors. For example, the plurality of sensors can include at least
a first sensor and a second sensor. In an embodiment, the first and
second sensors can be configured to sense the same characteristic.
In an embodiment, the first sensor can sense a first characteristic
and the second sensor can be configured to sense a second
characteristic that is different than the first characteristic. In
an embodiment, the first sensor can be coupled to a first location,
and the second sensor can be coupled to a second location that is
different than the first location. In an embodiment, at least some
of the plurality of sensors 206 can be attached together or
positioned adjacent to each other to form a sensor array.
[0056] The controller 208 can include control electrical circuitry
configured to at least partially control the operation of one or
more components of the system 200. For example, the controller 208
can include at least one memory storage medium 218 and at least one
processor 219 including processing electrical circuitry operably
coupled to the at least one memory storage medium 218. The
controller can include an interface 221 (e.g., a transceiver). The
controller 208 can be configured to determine if the energy source
216 should deliver the stimulus energy 215 to the active layer 214,
based at least partially on the one or more sensors 206 sensing at
least one of a potential impact or an actual impact of the
individual. The controller 208 can be operably coupled (e.g.,
wirelessly or wiredly communicably coupled) to the energy source
216 and at least some of the sensors 206. The at least one
controller 208 can at least partially control the energy source 216
to emit the stimulus energy 215 to the active layer. The controller
208 can at least partially direct the energy source 216 responsive
to the sensed potential or actual impact. For example, the
controller 208 can direct the energy source 216 to controllably
deliver the stimulus energy 215 (e.g., deliver a selected magnitude
or intensity of the stimulus energy 215) to the active layer 214
responsive to the potential or actual impact. For instance, the
controller 208 can direct the energy source 216 to controllably
deliver a relatively low magnitude of the stimulus energy 215 to
the active layer 214 responsive to a relatively weak potential or
actual impact such that the active layer is not fully activated. In
an embodiment, the controller 208 can be configured to direct the
energy source 216 to deliver the stimulus energy 215 to a region of
the active layer 214 that is at or adjacent to a sensed actual
impact or potential impact location. In an embodiment, the
controller 208 can direct the energy source 216 to deliver the
stimulus energy 215 to the energy-responsive material at one or
more selected magnitudes. In an embodiment, the controller 208 can
direct the sensors 206 to sense one or more characteristics.
[0057] In an embodiment, the controller 208 can be at least
partially positioned in or on the protective member 204. In an
embodiment, the controller 208 can be distinct from the protective
member 204 and at least partially positioned in or on the
supportive member. In an embodiment, the controller 208 can be
spaced from the protective member 204 and the supportive
member.
[0058] In an embodiment, the at least one controller 208 can
include a plurality of controllers, each operably coupled to at
least one of the sensors 206. For example, each of the plurality of
controllers can be operably coupled to at least one of the sensors
206, (e.g., sensors of a distinct region). In another example, each
of the plurality of controllers can be configured to determine if a
distinct region of the protective member 204 is experiencing at
least one of an actual impact or potential impact. For instance,
each of the plurality of controllers can be associated with the
distinct region of the protective member 204. Each of the plurality
of controllers can be configured to direct the energy source 216 to
deliver the stimulus energy 215 to the distinct region of the
protective member 204. For example, the energy source 216 can
include a plurality of energy sources, and each of the plurality of
energy sources can be configured to deliver a stimulus energy 215
to a distinct region of the protective member 204. In an
embodiment, each of the plurality of controllers can be configured
to communicate with other controllers of the plurality of
controllers.
[0059] In an embodiment, the plurality of controllers can include
at least one primary controller and at least one secondary
controller. The primary controller can be configured to control the
operation of the secondary controller. For example, the supportive
member 210 can include a plurality of segments (e.g., segments
844a, 844b, 844c, or 844d of FIGS. 8A-8D). The at least one
secondary controller can include a plurality of secondary
controllers and at least some of the plurality of segments can
include at least one of the plurality of secondary controllers
disposed therein or thereon. The primary controller can relay
instructions to one or more of the secondary controllers and the
secondary controllers can at least partially control the operation
of the segments responsive to receiving the instructions from the
primary controller. In another example, the primary controller can
be remote from the supportive member (e.g., CCU 1054 of FIG.
10B).
[0060] The memory storage medium 218 can be physically disposed in
the controller 208 or separate from and communicably coupled to the
controller 208. The at least one memory storage medium 218 can
include any non-transitory memory storage medium, such as a
hard-disk drive, a solid state memory device, a flash drive, or the
like. The at least one memory storage medium 218 can include one or
more of program instructions for the at least one processor 219,
data from the one or more sensors 206 (e.g., present or previous
sensed motion characteristics such as potential impacts, actual
impacts, or forces associated therewith), threshold values for one
or more forces or characteristics sensed by the one or more sensors
206, a history of the protective member 204 (e.g., deployment or
stimulation history of each protective member 204, current status
of the protective garment system, etc.), a history of potential or
actual impacts against the protective member (e.g., potential or
actual impacts against the protective member 204, potential or
actual impacts against a region of the protective member 204, or
potential or actual impacts against one or more segments of the
protective member 204), look-up tables corresponding to any of the
proceeding, one or more databases, or system diagnostic statuses
(e.g., current and past statuses, or readiness states of any
components of the system).
[0061] The at least one processor 219 can be operably coupled to
the at least one memory storage medium 218 via the connection 222.
The at least one connection 222 can be a wireless connection or a
hardwired connection. The at least one processor 219 is configured
to access and read the memory storage medium 218. The at least one
processor 219 is configured to receive sensor data indicating a
potential or actual impact. The at least one processor is
configured to direct the energy source 216 to deliver the stimulus
energy 215 to the active layer 214.
[0062] The at least one processor 219 is configured to determine if
the energy source 216 should deliver the stimulus energy 215 to the
active layer 214, at least partially based on one or more
characteristics sensed by the one or more sensors 206. For example,
the one or more sensors 206 can sense one or more objects within a
specific proximity of the system 200, protective member 204, or the
individual, and the processor 219 can determine if the proximity is
below a threshold value for safety. The threshold value can include
an impact threshold level (e.g., a selected likelihood that a
potential impact will impact the supportive member, the potential
or actual impact will impact the supportive member at or above a
selected force or pressure) or an injury threshold level (e.g., a
selected likelihood that the potential or actual impact will cause
injury, a selected likelihood that the potential or actual impact
will cause a selected injury, etc.). In an embodiment, the one or
more sensors 206 can sense a velocity of the one or more objects
(e.g., the ground or a person) relative to the individual, the
protective member 204, or one or more sensors 206, and determine if
the velocity is indicative of a potential impact therewith. In an
embodiment, the one or more sensors 206 can be configured to sense
a force or pressure applied thereto, and, responsive to the sensed
force, the processor 219 can be configured to determine if an
actual or potential impact is taking place. For example, one or
more sensors 206 can be configured to sense a pressure applied
thereto, and the processor can determine if the pressure is
indicative of a force capable of injuring an individual, such as by
comparing the measured force to a threshold force stored in the
memory. The threshold levels (e.g., the impact threshold levels)
can be set for any condition, such as the amount of pressure
applied or potentially applied thereto, size of object impacting or
potentially impacting the supportive member system, velocity of
object impacting or potentially impacting the supportive member
system, orientation of one or more portions of the supportive
members system such as twisting, falling, or bending, an amount of
time spent on an activity, a number of previous impacts against the
supportive member system, or combinations thereof. The threshold
value can be set by the individual, a medical professional, a
manufacturer, the controller, or other persons. In an embodiment,
the threshold level can include a deployment threshold level that
indicates when the controller 208 directs the energy source 216 to
deliver the stimulus energy 215 to the active layer 214 (e.g., when
the impact will exceed the impact threshold level). In an
embodiment, the threshold level can include an injury threshold
level that indicates when an actual impact source likely injured
the individual.
[0063] The processor 219 can compare the sensed characteristics,
such as velocity, pressure, proximity, etc., to one or more
threshold values to determine that an actual or potential impact is
taking place. Responsive to a sensed characteristic (e.g., force,
pressure, velocity, proximity, etc.) being beyond the corresponding
threshold value, the processor 219 can be configured to direct the
energy source 216 to deliver (or stop delivering) the stimulus
energy 215 to the active layer 214 to change the active layer from
a first state to a second state, or vice versa. For example, the
processor 219 directs the energy source 216 to cease delivering or
deliver less of the stimulus energy 215 to the active layer when
the processor 219 determines that the actual or potential impact is
relatively small (e.g., the actual or potential impact exhibits a
relatively low force, pressure, etc.) such that the actual or
potential impact is below an impact threshold. In another example,
the processor 219 directs the energy source 216 to commence
delivering or deliver more of the stimulus energy 215 to the active
layer when the processor 219 determines that the actual or
potential impact is relatively large (e.g., the actual or potential
impact exhibits a relatively large force, pressure, etc.) such that
the actual or potential impact is above an impact threshold. In an
embodiment, the at least one processor 219 can be configured to
determine if a potential impact or actual impact is taking place
based on a combination of any of the sensed characteristics
disclosed herein.
[0064] The processor 219 can be configured to determine if a
threshold level has been met or exceeded by a differential of one
or more sensed characteristics sensed at adjacent sensors of the
one or more sensors 206. For example, only a single sensor 206 in a
plurality of sensors 206 indicating a specific amount of pressure
in a specific region of a protective member 204 can indicate a
puncture wound is likely as compared to the same pressure spread
out over a larger surface area. Responsive thereto, the processor
219 can direct the energy source 216 to deliver the stimulus energy
215 to the active layer 214 to cause an increase in at least one of
the viscosity, hardness, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength,
Young's modulus, shear modulus, etc. of the active layer 214 to
prevent puncture or blunt force injury. In an embodiment, a
threshold level can include a level of pressure applied over a
surface area whereby the threshold level corresponds to a force
indicative of a possible puncture that would result from a
relatively sharp object. In an embodiment, from sensor data from
the plurality of sensors 206, the processor 219 can be configured
to determine a level of acceleration or deceleration indicative of
a force capable of breaking bone of the individual, or a motion and
directions thereof (e.g., twisting or bending) indicative of a
force capable of damaging a body part of the individual. Suitable
threshold levels can be stored in the memory storage medium
218.
[0065] The processor 219 can be configured to set or adjust one or
more threshold levels (e.g., an impact threshold level) based at
least partially on one or more of a velocity of at least one body
part of the individual, one or more physiological attributes of the
individual (e.g., weight, height, age, health, etc.), a location of
the individual within an area (e.g., if the individual is within a
playing field), a location of the individual with respect to one or
more objects, a time of day, an elapsed time (e.g., the time the
individual has been playing or if the individual has been playing
for a pre-determined amount of time), a history of impacts to at
least a portion of the supportive member or protective member 204
(e.g., a portion housing the sensor sensing current conditions), a
history of deployment of the protective member (e.g., to the same
portion housing the sensor sensing current conditions), a velocity
of the individual (e.g., how fast is a football player running), or
an activity level of the individual. That is, the processor 219 can
be configured to adjust the threshold levels to compensate for
velocity of a person, size of a person wearing the protective
garment system, proximity of the individual to adjacent objects, or
any other criteria. For example, the processor 219 can decrease the
threshold level when the individual has been playing for a
relatively long time or when the individual has been subjected to
impacts (e.g., selected number of impacts).
[0066] In an embodiment, the processor 219 can be configured to
search a history of the system 200 to determine when or where the
energy source 216 delivered the stimulus energy 215 to the active
layer 214. For example, the processor 219 can note a region where
multiple impacts have taken place (as determined from multiple
deliveries of the energy source) and direct the energy source 216
to deliver the stimulus energy 215 to the active layer 214 (e.g., a
distinct region of the active layer 214) to provide added
protection from repetitive impacts to the individual in that
region.
[0067] As discussed above, the controller 208 can include the
interface 221. The interface 221 can be configured to communicate
with an entity. The entity can include one or more of the
individual wearing the supportive member, a user (e.g. medical
personnel, physical trainers, coaches, commanding officers, etc.),
a computer, a tablet, a mobile computing device (e.g., smart
phone), a remote control, etc. The interface 221 can include a
screen, an input device, or relay (e.g., transceiver). For example,
the interface 221 can relay sensed information signals 217 from the
sensors 206 to the processor 219 or memory storage medium 218, and
can relay control signals 224 to the energy source 216. In an
embodiment, the sensed information signals 217 and control signals
224 can be relayed directly between the processor 219 and sensors
206, the energy source 216, or another component of the system 200.
Such sensed information signals 217 or the control signals 224 can
be transmitted and received via a wireless connection (e.g., Wi-Fi,
infrared, Bluetooth, etc.) or a hardwired connection.
[0068] In an embodiment, the interface 221 can include a user
interface 225 configured to inform a user or the individual
information relating to the system. The user interface 225 can
include one or more output devices such as a screen, audio (e.g.,
chimes), visual (e.g., LED lights) or haptic (e.g., vibration
mechanism) indicator and one or more input devices (such as a
keyboard, buttons, levers, switches, or dials). The user interface
225 can include a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a tablet
computer, a mobile computing device (e.g., smart phone) (e.g.,
smart phone), a watch, or a remote control. The user interface 225
can be configured to output information to the user and accept
input from the user. For example, the user interface 225 can be
configured to output or communicate to a user (e.g., individual
wearer, medical professional, coach etc.) one or more of previous
impacts against the individual, a deployment history of the
plurality of inflatable members, sensed motion characteristics, a
readiness status of one or more portions of the protective garment
system, program instructions, or threshold levels of force applied
to the individual. The interface 221 and user interface 225 can be
configured to receive one or more of input, instructions, or
programming from one or more of the individual, the user, a mobile
computing device (e.g., smart phone), a tablet, or a computer
device.
[0069] In an embodiment, the controller 208 can receive one or more
inputs from the user interface 225 that the controller 208 can
correlate to an actual or potential impact against the supportive
member, the protective member 204, or the individual. For example,
the user interface 225 can be operably coupled to or integrated
with control electrical circuitry of the controller 208 and can
receive one or more inputs directly from the individual wearing the
supportive member or from other individuals (e.g., observers, such
as coaches, trainers, medical staff, etc.). In an embodiment, the
controller 208 can correlate the one or more inputs into a
potential or actual impact, and responsive to which the controller
208 can generate one or more signals that can be sent to the energy
source 216 to deliver stimulus energy 215 to the active layer
214.
[0070] The input can be sent via any suitable input device (e.g.,
the user interface 225 can include or be connected to one or more
of a user, a computing device, a tablet, a mobile computing device
(e.g., a smart phone), or a remote control). For example, a
personal electronic device (e.g., personal electronic device of the
individual) can be operably coupled at the user interface 225 and
can send one or more signals or inputs to the controller 208.
Additionally or alternatively, one or more buttons, a keyboard, or
any other suitable device can be operably coupled to the controller
208 and can send one or more signals thereto.
[0071] The protective member 204 can include at least one power
source 226 configured to supply electrical power to one or more
components of the protective member 204 or the protective garment
system. For example, the power source 226 can be operably coupled
to at least one of the sensors 206, the controller 208, the energy
source 216, another component of the protective member 204, or
another component of the system 200. For example, the power source
226 can be disposed in the protective member 204, the controller
208, or another component of the system 200.
[0072] In an embodiment, the power source 226 can include a device
configured to store power (e.g., electrical power) therein. For
example, the power source 226 can include at least one battery
(e.g., microbattery) or at least one capacitor. In an embodiment,
the power source 226 can include a device that can generate
electrical power. For example, the power source 226 can include a
fuel cell, an energy harvester, or a transducer. The energy
harvester can include any device configured to generate electricity
from the environment thereabout, such as solar cells,
thermoelectric generators, or piezoelectric generators. In an
embodiment, the power source 226 can include a device that is
rechargeable. In an embodiment, the power source 226 is
replaceable. In an embodiment, the power source 226 is not
replaceable or is not rechargeable.
[0073] In an embodiment, the power source 226 is at least partially
positioned in or on the protective member 204. In an embodiment,
the power source 226 is distinct from the protective member 204 and
is at least partially positioned in or on the supportive member
[0074] In an embodiment, the at least one power source 226 includes
a plurality of power sources 226, such as a first power source and
a second power source. In an embodiment, the first and second power
sources can be substantially the same. In an embodiment, the first
and second power sources can be different. For example, the first
power source can include a device configured to store energy
therein and the second power source can include a device that can
generate electricity. In such an example, the second power source
can be coupled to the first power source such that the second power
source charges the first power source. In an embodiment, the first
power source is coupled to a first component (e.g., a first
segment) of the protective member 204 and the second power source
is coupled to a second component (e.g., a second segment) of the
protective member 204 that is different than the first
component.
[0075] FIG. 3A is a partial cross-sectional view of a protective
member 304, according to an embodiment. Except as otherwise
described herein, the protective member 304 and its materials,
components, or elements can be similar to or the same as the
protective member 204 (FIG. 2) and its respective materials,
components, or elements. For example, the protective member 304 can
be a cross-sectional view of the protective member 204. The
protective member 304 or its materials, components, or elements can
be used in any of the protective member, supportive member, or
system embodiments disclosed herein.
[0076] The protective member 304 includes at least one passive
layer 312 and at least one active layer 314 coupled to the passive
layer 312. The active layer 314 can include an energy-responsive
material 332 that changes at least one physical property thereof
responsive to at least one electrical stimulus energy. The
protective member 304 also includes the at least one energy source
316. The energy source 316 includes at least one electrical energy
source 327 configured to deliver the electrical stimulus energy
(e.g., electric field) to the energy-responsive material 332. For
example, the electrical energy source 327 can include a single
electrode, a plurality of electrodes, or one or more pairs of
electrodes (e.g., a single pair of electrodes or a plurality of
pairs of electrodes) operably coupled to a voltage supply. In the
illustrated embodiment, the electrical energy source 327 includes a
first electrode 328 and a second electrode 330.
[0077] In an embodiment, at least a portion of the energy source
316 is at least partially positioned in or on the passive or active
layer 312, 314. For example, the electrical energy source 327
partially forms the passive or active layer 312, 314. In an
embodiment, at least a portion of the electrical energy source 327
is distinct from the passive and active layers 312, 314. For
example, at least a portion of the electrical energy source 327 can
be positioned between the passive and active layers 312, 314,
positioned adjacent to (e.g., attached to) a surface of the passive
layer 312 spaced from the active layer 314, positioned adjacent to
(e.g., attached to) a surface of the active layer 314 spaced from
the passive layer 312, spaced from the passive and active layers
312, 314 (e.g., attached to a supportive member that includes the
protective member 304), etc.
[0078] In an embodiment, the active layer 314 can include one or
more at least substantially fluid tight regions 331 configured to
store the energy-responsive material. For example, the
energy-responsive material 332 can include a fluid. In an
embodiment, the active layer 314 can include at least one wall that
at least partially defines the at least substantially fluid tight
region 331. The at least one wall can be at least partially formed
from the electrical energy source 327 (e.g., the first and second
electrodes 328, 330) or a separate container. In an embodiment, the
at least substantially fluid tight region 331 can include a bundle
of fibers (e.g., woven fabric) that are or are not at least
partially enclosed by at least one wall. The bundle of fibers can
be configured to maintain the energy-responsive material 332
therein via capillary forces. In an embodiment, the at least
substantially fluid tight region 331 can exhibit a thickness t that
is less than 3 mm, less than 1 mm, less than 0.5, or less than 0.1
mm to reduce the weight of the protective member 304. The
energy-responsive material 332 can at least partially fill (e.g.,
completely fill) the at least substantially fluid tight region
331.
[0079] In an embodiment, the energy-responsive material 332
includes at least one electrorheological fluid. The
electrorheological fluid can include any suitable
electrorheological fluid. For example, the electrorheological fluid
can include at least a liquid phase and a solid phase. In an
embodiment, the liquid and solid phases can exhibit substantially
similar densities to prevent the solid phase from precipitating out
of the liquid phase. In an embodiment, the solid phase includes
nanoparticles to prevent the solid phase from precipitating out of
the liquid phase. In an embodiment, the solid phase includes
microparticles. In an embodiment, the electrorheological fluid
includes a surfactant or other chemical that prevents the solid
phase from precipitating out of the liquid phase. In an embodiment,
the liquid phase is an oil, such as silicone oil. In an embodiment,
the solid phase includes dielectric particles. In an embodiment,
the solid phase includes a conductor coated in an insulator.
[0080] In operation, the energy source 316 can switch the
electrorheological fluid between at least a first state and a
second state. In the first state (e.g., inactive state), the
electrorheological fluid exhibits a first physical property. The
electrorheological fluid can exhibit the first physical property
when the electrical energy source 327 does not apply the electrical
stimulus energy to the electrorheological fluid. As such, the first
physical property can be the natural viscosity, shear modulus,
elastic modulus, yield stress, etc. of the electrorheological fluid
because the solid phase is randomly dispersed in the liquid
phase.
[0081] In the second state (e.g., active state), the
electrorheological fluid exhibits a second physical property. The
electrorheological fluid may exhibit the second physical property
when the electrical energy source 327 applies at least one
electrical stimulus energy to the electrorheological fluid. The
electrical stimulus energy can include an electric field. Not to be
bound by theory, the electrical stimulus energy can cause the solid
phase to align therewith. As such, the second physical property can
be the increased viscosity, increased shear modulus, increased
elastic modulus, increased yield stress, etc. of the
electrorheological fluid. As such, the second physical property of
the electrorheological fluid can cause the electrorheological fluid
to better absorb energy from an impact against the protective
member 304 (e.g., increase the force dampening thereof); increase
the impact-, indentation-, and tear-resistance thereof; etc. In an
embodiment, increasing the magnitude of the electrical stimulus
energy delivered to the electrorheological fluid can further
increase or decrease the change in the physical property of the
electrorheological fluid (e.g., further increase the viscosity
thereof). The electrorheological fluid can switch between the
second state to the first state by ceasing to deliver the at least
one stimulus energy to the electrorheological fluid.
[0082] In an embodiment, the at least one energy-responsive
material 332 can include at least one electroactive polymer. The
electroactive polymer can include any suitable electroactive
polymer. For example, the electroactive polymer can include an
electric electroactive polymer, an ionic electroactive polymer, a
non-ionic electroactive polymer (e.g., a polyvinyl alcohol based
polymer), carbon nanotubes, or a conductive polymer. An electric
electroactive polymer can include ferroelectric polymers (e.g.,
poly(vinylidene fluoride), dielectric electroactive polymers,
electrostrictive graft elastomers, electro-viscoeleastic
elastomers, electrostrictive paper, or liquid crystal elastomer
materials. An ionic electroactive polymer includes ionic polymer
gels or ionomeric polymer-metal composites (e.g., Nation.RTM.
(perfluorosulphonate manufactured by Du Pont), Flemion.RTM.
(perfluorocaboxylate manufactured by Asahi Glass). Conductive
polymers include polypyrrole, poly(p-phenylene vinylene),
polyaniline, polythiophenes, polyaniline,
poly(3,4-ethylenedixythiophene), or
poly(3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole.
[0083] In operation, the electrical energy source 327 can switch
the electroactive polymer between at least a first state and a
second state in substantially the same manner as the
electrorheological fluid. For example, in the first state, the
electroactive polymer exhibits a first physical property when the
electrical energy source 327 does not apply the electrical stimulus
energy to the electroactive polymer. As such, the first physical
property can be the natural volume, cross-sectional area, density,
porosity, shape, etc. of the electroactive polymer. FIG. 3A
illustrates the electroactive polymer in the first state.
[0084] In the second state (e.g., active phase), the electroactive
polymer exhibits a second physical property when the electrical
energy source 327 applies the electrical stimulus energy to the
electroactive polymer. FIGS. 3B-3D are cross-sectional views of the
protective member 304 shown in FIG. 3A while the electroactive
polymer thereof is in the second state.
[0085] Referring to FIG. 3B, in an embodiment, the electroactive
polymer can controllably increase its volume or cross-sectional
area responsive to the electrical stimulus energy is delivered
thereto. The electroactive polymer can also controllably decrease
the density or change the shape thereof. In such an embodiment, the
electroactive polymer can be a polymer gel. The second physical
property can cause the electroactive polymer to exhibit improved
force dampening (e.g., decrease the deceleration of the impact
force thereby decreasing the force applied to an individual),
better conform to at least one body region of the individual
thereby causing the force to be distributed against a larger
surface area of the individual, etc.
[0086] Referring to FIG. 3C, in an embodiment, the electroactive
polymer can controllably decrease its volume or cross-sectional
area responsive to the electrical stimulus energy is delivered
thereto. The electroactive polymer can also controllably increase
the density or change the shape thereof. In such an embodiment, the
electroactive polymer can be a dielectric electroactive polymer.
The second physical property of the electroactive polymer can cause
the electroactive polymer to increase the impact, indentation, and
tear resistance thereof, etc.
[0087] Referring to FIG. 3D, in an embodiment, the electroactive
polymer can controllably change the shape thereof (e.g.,
elastically or inelastically deform), responsive to the electrical
stimulus energy is delivered thereto. In such an embodiment, the
electroactive polymer can be an ionic polymer-metal composite. The
second physical property can cause the electroactive polymer to
exhibit one or more improved force dampening, to better conform to
at least one body region of the individual and thereby cause the
force to be distributed against a larger surface area of the
individual, increase the impact-resistance thereof, increase the
indentation-resistance thereof, or increase the tear-resistance
thereof, etc.
[0088] In an embodiment, increasing the magnitude of the electrical
stimulus energy delivered to the electroactive polymer can further
increase or decrease the change in the physical property of the
electroactive polymer. For example, referring to FIG. 3B,
increasing the electrical stimulus energy delivered to the
electroactive polymer can cause the electroactive polymer to
further increase the volume, thereof. For example, referring to
FIG. 3C, increasing the electrical stimulus energy delivered to the
electroactive polymer can cause the electroactive polymer to
further decrease the volume of the electroactive polymer, etc. For
example, referring to FIG. 3D, increasing the electrical stimulus
energy delivered to the electroactive polymer can cause the
electroactive polymer to further change the shape of the
electroactive polymer, etc.
[0089] FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a protective
member 404, according to an embodiment. Except as otherwise
described herein, the protective member 404 and its materials,
components, or elements can be similar to or the same as the
protective member 204, 304 (FIGS. 2-3D) and their respective
materials, components, or elements. For example, the protective
member 404 can be a cross-sectional view of the protective member
204. The protective member 404 or its materials, components, or
elements can be used in any of the protective member, supportive
member, or system embodiments disclosed herein.
[0090] The protective member 404 includes at least one passive
layer 412 and at least one active layer 414 coupled to the passive
layer 412. The active layer 414 can include at least one
energy-responsive material 432 that changes at least one property
thereof responsive to at least one magnetic stimulus energy (e.g.,
magnetic field), such as a magnetorheological fluid. The protective
member 404 can also include the at least one energy source 416. The
at least one energy source 416 includes at least one magnetic field
source 434 configured to deliver the magnetic stimulus energy to
the energy-responsive material 432. The at least one magnetic field
source 434 can include a single magnet or a plurality of magnets.
In an embodiment, the at least one magnetic field source 434
includes at least one electromagnet include a plurality of coils
436 that generate a magnetic field when a current is passed
therethrough from an current supply or at least one permanent
magnet.
[0091] The magnetic field source 434 can be similar to the
electrical energy source 327 (FIG. 3A). For example, the magnetic
field source 434 can be at least partially positioned in or on the
passive or active layer 412, 414; distinct from the passive and
active layers 412, 414; spaced from the passive and active layers
412, 414; or attached to a supportive member that includes the
protective member 404. In another example, the active layer 414 can
form an at least substantially fluid tight region 431. The region
431 can be at least partially defined by at least one wall 433 and
the magnetic field source 434 can form at least a portion, be
attached to, or remote from the wall 433. In another example, the
region 431 can include a bundle of fibers can be configured to
maintain the magnetorheological fluids therein via capillary
forces.
[0092] In an embodiment, the magnetorheological fluid includes at
least a solid phase and a liquid phase. The solid phase can include
a plurality of ferromagnetic particles, such as iron particles. In
an embodiment, the solid phase can include at least one of
micro-ferromagnetic particles having an average grain size of about
1 .mu.m to about 100 .mu.m (e.g., about 1 .mu.m to about 10 .mu.m,
3 .mu.m to 20 .mu.m, about 1 .mu.m to about 3 .mu.m) or
nano-ferromagnetic particles having an average grain size less than
about 1 .mu.m. In an embodiment, a mixture of the
micro-ferromagnetic particles with the nano-ferromagnetic particles
can inhibit the solid phase from precipitating out of the liquid
phase. In an embodiment, the ferromagnetic particles can include
spherical particles that inhibit the solid phase from precipitating
out of the liquid phase. In an embodiment, the ferromagnetic
particles can include elongated particles that increase the effect
the magnetic stimulus energy has on the magnetorheological fluid.
In an embodiment, the solid phase can be about 10% to about 80% of
the total volume of the magnetorheological fluid (e.g., about 10%
to about 20%, about 20% to about 40%, about 40% to about 50%). The
liquid phase can include any suitable liquid, such as water or oil.
In an embodiment, the magnetorheological fluid can also include a
surfactant to prevent the solid phase from precipitating out of the
liquid phase.
[0093] In operation, similar to the protective member 304 (FIG.
3A), the magnetic field source 434 can switch the
magnetorheological fluid between at least a first state and a
second state. In the first state (e.g., inactive state), the
magnetorheological fluid exhibits a first physical property because
the magnetic field source 434 does not apply the magnetic stimulus
energy to the energy-responsive material 432. In the second state
(e.g., active state), the magnetorheological fluid exhibits a
second physical property because the energy source 416 applies the
magnetic stimulus energy to the magnetorheological fluid. Not to be
bound by theory, the magnetic stimulus energy can cause the solid
phase to align therewith. As such, the second physical property can
be the increased viscosity, increased shear modulus, increased
elastic modulus, increased yield stress, etc. of the
energy-responsive material 432. As such, the second physical
property of the energy-responsive material 432 can cause the
energy-responsive material 432 to exhibit one or more of improved
force dampening, increase the impact-resistance thereof, increase
the indentation-resistance thereof, or increase the tear-resistance
thereof, etc. In an embodiment, increasing the magnitude of the
magnetic stimulus energy delivered to the magnetorheological fluid
can further increase or decrease the change in the physical
property of the magnetorheological fluid (e.g., further increase
the viscosity thereof). In an embodiment, the magnetic energy
source 434 can switch the magnetorheological fluid from the second
state to the first state by ceasing to deliver the magnetic
stimulus energy to the magnetorheological fluid.
[0094] FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of a protective
member 504, according to an embodiment. Except as otherwise
described herein, the protective member 504 and its materials,
components, or elements can be similar to or the same as the
protective members 204, 304, 404 (FIG. 2-4) and their respective
materials, components, or elements. The protective member 504 or
its materials, components, or elements can be used in any of the
protective member, supportive member, or system embodiments
disclosed herein.
[0095] The protective member 504 includes at least one passive
layer 512 and at least one active layer 514 coupled to the passive
layer 512. The active layer 514 includes at least one non-Newtonian
fluid. In an embodiment, the non-Newtonian fluid can include at
least one of a shear thickening fluid, a shear thinning fluid, a
rheopectic fluid, or a thixotropic fluid. In an embodiment, the
non-Newtonian fluid can include any fluid that changes at least one
of a viscosity thereof when a mechanical energy is applied thereto.
The protective member 504 further includes at least one energy
source 516 configured to deliver mechanical energy to the
non-Newtonian fluid. For example, the energy source 516 can include
at least one mechanical actuator 537.
[0096] The mechanical actuator 537 can include any device
configured to provide at mechanical energy to the non-Newtonian
fluid. For example, the mechanical actuator 537 includes at least
one piezoelectric actuator configured to deliver vibrational energy
to the non-Newtonian fluid. In another example, the mechanical
actuator 537 includes a mixer, such as a magnetic mixer, configured
to provide mixing (e.g., turbulence) to the non-Newtonian fluid. In
another example, the mechanical actuator 537 includes a MEMS or
NEMS device configured to deliver mechanical energy to the
non-Newtonian fluid. In another example, the mechanical actuator
537 can include a device configured to deliver a shear stress to
the non-Newtonian fluid.
[0097] Similar to the active layer 314 (FIG. 3A), the active layer
514 can include one or more at least substantially fluid tight
regions 531 configured to store the non-Newtonian fluids. For
example, the active layer 514 includes at least one wall 533 that
at least partially defines the region 531. The mechanical actuator
537 can be at least partially disposed in the region 531, at least
partially disposed in or incorporated into the wall 533, attached
to the wall 533, or spaced from the region 531 and the wall 533. In
an embodiment, the region 531 can include a bundle of fibers can be
configured to maintain the non-Newtonian fluids therein using
capillary forces
[0098] In operation, similar to the protective member 304 (FIG.
3A), the mechanical actuator 537 can switch the non-Newtonian fluid
between at least a first state and a second state. In the first
state (e.g., inactive state), the non-Newtonian fluid exhibits a
first physical property because the mechanical actuator 537 does
not deliver the mechanical stimulus energy thereto. In the second
state (e.g., active state), the non-Newtonian fluid exhibits a
second physical property because the mechanical actuator 537
delivers the mechanical stimulus energy thereto. In an embodiment,
the second physical property can be an increased viscosity, an
increased shear modulus, an increased elastic modulus, an increased
yield stress, etc. (e.g., shear-thickening fluid, rheopectic
fluid). In an embodiment, the second physical property can be a
decreased viscosity, a decreased shear modulus, a decreased elastic
modulus, a decreased yield stress, etc. (e.g., shear-thinning
fluid, thixotropic fluid). As such, the second physical property
can cause the active layer 514 to exhibit one or more of better
force dampening, increase the impact resistance thereof, increase
the indentation resistance thereof, increase the tear resistance
thereof, cause the protective member 504 to better form to at least
one body region on an individual, etc. In an embodiment, increasing
the magnitude of the mechanical stimulus energy delivered to the
non-Newtonian fluid can further increase or decrease the change in
the physical property of the non-Newtonian fluid (e.g., further
increase the viscosity thereof). In an embodiment, the mechanical
actuator 537 can switch the non-Newtonian fluid between the second
state to the first state by ceasing to deliver the mechanical
stimulus energy thereto.
[0099] FIG. 6A is a partial cross-sectional view of a protective
member 604, according to an embodiment. Except as otherwise
described herein, the protective member 604 and its materials,
components, or elements can be similar to or the same as the
protective members 204, 304, 404, and 504 (FIGS. 3-5) and their
respective materials, components, or elements. For example, the
protective member 604 can be a cross-sectional view of the
protective member 204. The protective member 604 or its materials,
components, or elements can be used in any of the protective
member, supportive member, or system embodiments disclosed
herein.
[0100] The protective member 604 includes at least one passive
layer 612 and at least one active layer 614 coupled to the passive
layer 612. The active layer 614 includes at least one
energy-responsive material 632 that is configured to change one
physical property thereof responsive to at least one mechanical
stimulus energy. The energy-responsive material 632 can include one
or more auxetic materials, such as one or more auxetic fibers. The
protective member 604 can also include at least one energy source
616 configured to deliver the mechanical stimulus energy to the
energy-responsive material 632. For example, the energy source 616
can include at least one mechanical actuator 637.
[0101] The auxetic material can include any material that exhibits
a negative Poisson's ratio. For example, the auxetic material can
include any material that, when stretched in a first direction
(e.g., length-wise direction), extends in one or more second
directions (e.g., width-wise direction). For example, the auxetic
material can include any material that, when compressed in a first
direction (e.g., length-wise direction), compresses in one or more
second directions (e.g., width-wise direction). In an embodiment,
the auxetic material can include any suitable structure that
provides the auxetic material the negative Poisson's ratio. For
example, the structure can include at least one of a
macrostructure, a microstructure, a nanostructure, or a molecular
structure. For example, the structure can include at least one of a
reentrant structure, a rotating structure, a hinged structure, or
another suitable structure. The auxetic material can be formed from
a polymer (e.g., polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam), a composite
(e.g., anisotropic composites), metals, or another suitable
material.
[0102] The energy source 616 can include any mechanical actuator
637 that causes the auxetic material to expand, contract, vibrate,
or otherwise impart at least one mechanical stimulus to the
energy-responsive material 632. For example, the energy source 616
can include the same or similar devices as the mechanical actuator
537 (e.g., FIG. 5). In another example, the mechanical actuator 637
can include a device that applies a tensile stress or a compressive
stress to the auxetic material, such as a piezoelectric or shape
memory actuator that is physically attached or otherwise coupled to
the auxetic material. In an embodiment, at least a portion of the
mechanical actuator 637 is at least partially positioned in or on
the active layer 614. As such, the mechanical actuator 637 can
directly apply the mechanical stimulus energy to the
energy-responsive material 632. In an embodiment, at least a
portion of the mechanical actuator 637 can be at least partially
positioned in or on the passive layer 612. In an embodiment, at
least a portion of the mechanical actuator 637 can be spaced from
the active layer 614 and the passive layer 612. As such, the
mechanical actuator 637 can indirectly deliver the stimulus energy
to the energy-responsive material.
[0103] In operation, the mechanical actuator 637 can switch the
energy-responsive material 632 between at least two of a first,
second, or third state. In the first state (e.g., inactive state),
the energy-responsive material 632 exhibits a first physical
property because the mechanical actuator 637 does not apply the
mechanical stimulus energy to the auxetic material. As such, the
first physical property can be the natural volume, density,
cross-sectional area, shape, porosity, etc. of the
energy-responsive material 632.
[0104] In the second state (e.g., first active state), the
energy-responsive material 632 exhibits a second physical property
because the mechanical actuator 637 applies a first mechanical
stimulus to the energy-responsive material 632. FIG. 6B is a
cross-sectional view of the energy-responsive material 632 in the
second state, according to an embodiment. The first mechanical
stimulus energy can cause the energy-responsive material 632 to
expand in at least one direction. As such, the second physical
property can be an increased volume, decreased density, increased
cross-sectional area, modified shape, increased porosity, etc. of
the energy-responsive material 632. As such, the second physical
property can cause the active layer 614 to exhibit better force
dampening, better conformation to at least one body region of the
individual thereby causing the force to be distributed against a
larger surface area of the individual, etc. In an embodiment,
increasing the magnitude of the mechanical stimulus energy
delivered to the auxetic material can further increase or decrease
the change in the physical property of the auxetic material (e.g.,
further increase the volume thereof). The mechanical actuator 637
can switch the auxetic material from the second state to the first
state by ceasing to deliver the first mechanical stimulus energy
thereto.
[0105] In the third state (e.g., second active state), the
energy-responsive material 632 exhibits a third physical property
because the mechanical actuator 637 delivers a second mechanical
stimulus energy to thereto. FIG. 6C is a cross-sectional view of
the energy-responsive material 632 in the third state, according to
an embodiment. The second mechanical stimulus energy can cause the
auxetic material to contract in at least one direction. As such,
the third physical property can be a decreased volume, increased
density, decreased cross-sectional area, modified shape, decreased
porosity, etc. of the auxetic material. As such, the third physical
property can cause the active layer 614 to increase one or more of
the impact, indentation, or tear resistance thereof, etc. In an
embodiment, increasing the magnitude of the mechanical stimulus
energy delivered to the auxetic material can further increase or
decrease the change in the physical property of the auxetic
material (e.g., further decrease the volume thereof). The
mechanical actuator 637 can switch the energy-responsive material
632 from the third state to the first state by ceasing to deliver
the second mechanical stimulus to the auxetic material. The
mechanical actuator 637 can switch the auxetic material from the
third state to the second state by delivering the first mechanical
stimulus energy to the auxetic material instead of the first
mechanical stimulus energy, or vice versa.
[0106] While the energy-responsive materials disclosed herein are
mainly disclosed as being at least one of an electrorheological
fluid, an electroactive polymer, a magnetorheological fluid, a
non-Newtonian fluid, or an auxetic material, it is understood that
any suitable energy-responsive material that includes a material
that changes at least one property thereof responsive to at least
one stimulus energy can be used. For example, the energy-responsive
material can include an energy-responsive material that changes at
least one property thereof responsive to at least one of thermal
energy, electromagnetic energy, or another suitable type of
energy.
[0107] The protective members disclosed herein can include more
than just two layers. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional schematic view of
a portion of a protective member 704 that includes three layers,
according to an embodiment. Except as otherwise described herein,
the protective member 704 and its materials, components, or
elements can be similar to or the same as the protective members
204, 304, 404, 504, 604 (FIGS. 2-6C) and their respective
materials, components, or elements. The protective member 704 or
its materials, components, or elements can be used in any of the
protective member, supportive member, or system embodiments
disclosed herein.
[0108] The protective member 704 includes a first layer 738, a
second layer 740 coupled to the first layer 738, and a third layer
742 spaced from the first layer 738 and coupled to the second layer
740. In an embodiment, the first layer 738 can be closer to an
individual wearing a supportive member that includes the protective
member 704 than the third layer 742. In an embodiment, at least one
of (e.g., at least two of) the first, second, or third layers 738,
740, and 742 can be any of the active layers disclosed herein and
the remaining first, second, or third layers 738, 740, 742 can be
any of the passive layers disclosed herein.
[0109] Forming the protective member 704 from three layers can
increase the designability and functionality of the protective
member 704. In an embodiment, the first and third layers 738 and
742 can be passive layers and the second layer 740 can be an active
layer. For example, the first layer 738 can be a passive layer
configured to improve the comfort of the protective member 704, the
second layer 740 can be an active layer configured to improve the
force dampening of the protective member 704, and the third layer
742 can include a passive layer configured to improve the tear-,
impact-, or indentation-resistance of the protective member (e.g.,
the third layer 742 includes Kevlar). In another example, the first
layer 738 and the third layer 742 can be electrodes configured to
deliver at least one electrical energy to the second layer 740. In
another example, the first layer 738 and the third layer 742 can be
configured to appear as normal clothing thereby hiding the presence
of the second layer 740.
[0110] In an embodiment, at least two of the first, second, or
third layers 738, 740, 742 can be active layers. For example, one
of the active layers can be configured to prevent injury from a
relatively blunt impact source (e.g., improved force dampening,
better conform to at least one body region of an individual) while
the other active layer can be configured to prevent injury from a
relatively sharp impact source (e.g., improved tear-, impact-,
indentation-resistance).
[0111] While only three layers are illustrated, it is understood
that the protective member 704 can include additional layers. For
example, the protective member 704 can include 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, or more than 10 layers, depending on the embodiment. It is also
understood that active layers and the passive layers can be
distributed in the protective member 704 in any suitable
arrangement. For example, an active or passive layer can be the
layer most proximate the individual. In another example, an active
or passive layer can be the layer most remote from the individual.
In another example, a passive layer can be directly coupled to two
active layers, one active layer and another passive layer, or two
other passive layers. In another example, an active layer can be
directly coupled to two passive layers, one passive layer and
another active layer, or two other active layers. In another
example, the protective member 704 can have the same number of
active and passive layers, more passive layers than active layers,
or more active layers than passive layers.
[0112] In an embodiment, any of the protective members disclosed
herein can be formed from a single unit. In an embodiment, any of
the protective members disclosed herein can be formed from a
plurality of segments instead of a single unit. FIG. 8A is a top
view of a protective member 804a that includes a plurality of
segments 844a, according to an embodiment. Except as otherwise
described herein, the protective member 804a and its materials,
components, or elements can be similar to or the same as the
protective members 204, 304, 404, 504, 604, 704 (FIGS. 3-7) and
their respective materials, components, or elements. The protective
member 804a or its materials, components, or elements can be used
in any of the protective member, supportive member, or system
embodiments disclosed herein.
[0113] The protective member 804a includes at least one active
layer and at least one passive layer. One or more of the at least
one active layer or the at least one passive layer can be formed
from a plurality of segments 844a. In the illustrated embodiment,
at least a top layer 846a (e.g., an exterior or interior surface)
of the protective member 804a is formed from the segments 844a. For
example, the segments 844a only form the top layer 846a. In another
example, the segments 844a form the top layer 846a and one or more
additional layers of the protective member 804a. In an embodiment,
the plurality of segments 844a form one or more layers of the
protective member 804a that are each distinct from the top layer
846a. In an embodiment, at least one of the segments 844a can be
replaceable. For example, at least one of the segments 844a can be
detached from the rest of the protective member 804a after the
segment 844a is activated or damaged. A replacement segment can be
added to the protective member 804a to replace the segment 844a
that is removed from the protective member 804a.
[0114] The segments 844a are positioned such that at least some of
the segments 844a are positioned at least substantially proximate
to (e.g., contact) an immediately adjacent segment 844a. In an
embodiment, at least some of the segments 844a can each exhibit one
or more shapes or one or more sizes, and together are arranged to
form a substantially continuous layer. For example, the
substantially continuous layer can have substantially no gaps
between each of the segments 844a when the continuous layer is not
bent, twisted, stretched, or otherwise deformed. In an embodiment,
at least some of the segments 844a can each exhibit one or more
shapes or one or more sizes, or are arranged so as to form a
discontinuous layer (e.g., at least some of the segments 844a
define gaps therebetween). For example, each of at least some of
the segments 844a can exhibit a generally octagonal shape and when
consolidated, they define generally rectangular gaps therebetween.
In an embodiment, each of the plurality of segments 844a can
exhibit at least one of a generally circular shape, a generally
elliptical shape, a generally triangular shape, a generally
rectangular shape, a generally pentagonal shape, a generally
hexagonal shape, a generally octagonal shape, a generally polygonal
shape, or any other suitable shape. For example, each of the
plurality of segments 844a can exhibit a generally triangular shape
and some of the plurality of segments 844a can be reversed relative
to the remaining segments 844a to form a generally triangular
grid-like pattern. In an embodiment, the plurality of segments 844a
can be arranged to form at least one of a generally circular shape,
a generally elliptical shape, a generally triangular shape, a
generally rectangular shape, a generally pentagonal shape, a
generally hexagonal shape, a generally octagonal shape, another
suitable polygonal shape, or any other suitable shape. In an
embodiment, at least some of the segments 844a comprise distinct
units. In an embodiment, at least some of the segments 844a each
exhibit one or more shapes or one or more sizes, or are arranged so
as increase flexibility of protective member 804a. For example, the
plurality of segments 844a can include at least one first segment
and at least one second segment, wherein the first segment exhibits
a shape or size that is different than the second segment.
[0115] In an embodiment, the segments 844a can additionally form
part of a passive layer. In such an embodiment, the flexibility of
protective member 804a can be improved, the protective member 804a
can better conform to at least one body region of an individual,
etc., compared to a protective member that includes a passive layer
that is not formed from a plurality of segments.
[0116] In an embodiment, the segments 844a can form at least a
portion of an active layer. In such an embodiment, one or more of
the segments 844a each includes an energy-responsive material, and
each of the one or more segments 844a can be selectively activated.
For example, an impact source may impact or may be predicted to
impact a selected portion of the protective member 804a. In such an
example, only the segments 844a that are at or near the actual
impact or predicted impact location are activated. Activating only
a portion of the segments 844a can improve the efficiency of (e.g.,
decrease energy used by) the protective member 804a. Similarly,
activating only a portion of the plurality of segments 844a can
increase the flexibility of the portions of the protective members
that are not activated. Additionally, forming an active layer with
the plurality of segments 844a can add redundancies into the
protective member 804a. For example, if one of the segments 844a is
unable to activate (e.g., damaged), other segments 844a thereabout
can activate. In an embodiment, each of the segments 844a can
include at least two layers (e.g., at least one passive layer and
at least one active layer).
[0117] In an embodiment, at least two of the segments 844a can be
communicably coupled together. For example, a first segment can
sense one or more characteristics and communicate the sensed
characteristics to a second segment. In another example, a
controller 808a can be disposed in or on a first segment and the
controller 808a can be configured to communicate with and at least
partially control a second segment (e.g., the second segment does
not include a controller). Each of the segments 844a that are
communicably coupled together can be wiredly or wirelessly
communicably coupled together, can each include a transceiver
(e.g., a receiver or a transmitter), etc.
[0118] At least one of the segments 844a can be communicably
coupled to and at least partially controlled by at least one
controller 808. For example, the controller 808 can be communicably
coupled to and at least partially control one or more components of
just one of, at least some of, or all of the segments 844a. The
controller 808 can be similar to or the same as the controller 208
(FIG. 2). For example, the controller 808 can be at least partially
positioned in or on, spaced from, or distinct from the protective
member 804a. For instance, the controller 808 can be at least
partially positioned in or on at least one of the segments 844a. In
an embodiment each of the segments 844a is coupled to and at least
partially controlled by a distinct controller 808.
[0119] In an embodiment, the at least one controller 808 can
include a plurality of controllers 808 that operate at least
partially independently from each other. For example, at least some
of the controllers 808 can be communicably coupled together. In
particular, each of the controllers 808 that are communicably
coupled together can include a transceiver (e.g., in the interface
221 of FIG. 2) that enables the controllers to receive or transmit
one or more signals therebetween. The signals can include at least
one of one or more operational instructions, one or more
information signals, one or more sensed information signals (e.g.,
a signal indicating deployment of an adjacent segment 844a), one or
more control signals (e.g., one of the controllers 808 can at least
partially control the operation of another controller 808), one or
more programs, etc. In another example, one of the controllers 808
can be communicably coupled to and at least partially control the
operation of at least one of the segments 844a. In another example,
one of the segments 844a can be communicably coupled to and at
least partially controlled by at least one of the controller 808.
In another example, at least some of the segments 844a can include
at least one of the controllers 808 at least partially positioned
therein. For instance, a controller 808 can at least partially
control the operation of the segment 844a that includes the
controller 808 or at least one segment 844a distinct from the
segment 844a that includes the controller 808.
[0120] In an embodiment, at least one of the segments 844a can
include at least one energy source 816 at least partially
positioned therein or communicably coupled and spaced therefrom.
The energy source 816 can be configured to deliver at least one
stimulus energy to an energy-responsive material of the segment
844a that includes the energy source 816 or at least one segment
844a that is distinct from the segment 844a that includes the
energy source 816. For example, the energy source 816 that is
disposed in or on a segment 844a can be configured to deliver at
least one stimulus energy to an energy-responsive material of the
same segment 844a responsive to a dedicated controller 808 that is
also disposed in or on the same segment 844a.
[0121] In an embodiment, at least one of the segments 844a can
include at least one power source 826 at least partially positioned
therein or communicably coupled and spaced therefrom. The power
source 826 can be configured to deliver energy to one or more
components of the segment 844a that includes the power source 826
or at least one segment 844a that does not include the power source
826.
[0122] In an embodiment, at least one of the segments 844a can
include one or more sensors 806 at least partially positioned
therein or spaced therefrom. The sensors 806 can sense one or more
characteristics associated with at least one of the segments 844a
(e.g., the segment 844a that includes the sensor 806). For example,
the sensors 806 can sense impact against or one or more potential
impact sources proximate to the segment 844a. The sensors 806 can
transmit one or more sensed information signals to one or more
controllers 808, for example a dedicated controller 808 of the same
segment 844a. In an embodiment each segment 844a includes an
energy-responsive material, at least one dedicated controller 808,
and at least one dedicated sensor 806.
[0123] In an embodiment, at least one of the segments 844a can be
configured to be a unit that acts independently of the other
segments 844a ("independent segment"). For example, the independent
segment can include one or more dedicated sensors 806, a dedicated
energy source 816, a dedicated power source 826, or at least one
dedicated controller 808 at least partially disposed therein or
thereon. For instance, the dedicated controller 808 can direct the
dedicated energy source 816 to activate the energy-responsive
material of the independent segment responsive to the dedicated
sensors 806 sensing an actual or potential impact against the
independent segment. In an embodiment, a plurality of independent
segments (e.g., at least some of or all of the segments 844a) can
each be configured to be a unit that acts independently of the
other segments 844a. In such an embodiment, the plurality of
independent segments can form at least a portion of the protective
member 804a. For example, some of the independent segments can be
activated to form an activated portion of the protective member
804a when each of the activated independent segments sense an
actual or potential impact (e.g., an actual or potential impact
that is above an impact threshold) while the remaining independent
segments are not activated.
[0124] FIG. 8B is a top view of a protective member 804a that
includes a plurality of segments 844a, according to an embodiment.
Except as otherwise described herein, the protective member 804a
and its materials, components, or elements can be similar to or the
same as the protective members 204, 304, 404, 504, 604, 704, 804a
(FIGS. 3-8A) and their respective materials, components, or
elements. The protective members or their materials, components, or
elements can be used in any of the protective member, supportive
member, or system embodiments disclosed herein.
[0125] The protective member 804b includes a top layer 846b and a
bottom layer 848b (e.g., a layer other than the top layer 846b). In
the illustrated embodiment, at least the top layer 846b is formed
from the segments 844b and at least the bottom layer 848b is formed
from a continuous layer (e.g., defines substantially no gaps
therebetween). However, other layers of the protective member 804b
can be formed from the segments 844b. For example, the segments
844a can form at least one of the bottom layer 848b the top layer
846b, or another layer of the protective member 804b, etc.
[0126] In an embodiment, at least some of the segments 844b are
spaced from at least one immediately adjacent segment 844b to form
a discontinuous layer. For example, at least some of the plurality
of segments 844b can be spaced from at least some of the
immediately adjacent segments 844b by a distance "d". The distance
d can be the same between each of the segments 844b that are spaced
from each other or can vary. For example, the distance d can be
about 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, 1
cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm, or a range between
any of the above distances. The distance d can also be less than
0.5 mm or greater than 10 cm. The distance d can be selected based
on whether the segments 844b form at least one of an active layer,
a passive layer, multiple active layers, multiple passive layer, or
combinations thereof. The distance d can also be selected based on
the energy-responsive material of the active layer, the thickness
of the segments 844b, the intended use of the protective member
804b, the type of impact source the segments 844b are intended to
protect against, etc.
[0127] In an embodiment, the bottom layer 848b can include any of
the layers disclosed herein. For example, the bottom layer 848b can
include at least one passive layer or at least one active
layer.
[0128] FIG. 8C is a side, cross-sectional view of a protective
member 804c that includes a plurality of segments 844c, according
to an embodiment. Except as otherwise described herein, the
protective member 804c and its materials, components, or elements
can be similar to or the same as the protective members 204, 304,
404, 504, 604, 704, 804a-b (FIGS. 3-8B) and their respective
materials, components, or elements. The protective member 804c or
their materials, components, or elements can be used in any of the
protective member, supportive member, or system embodiments
disclosed herein.
[0129] The protective member 804c can include a plurality of
segments 844c. At least some of the plurality of segments 844c can
be arranged to at least partially overlap with each other. For
example, 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%,
90% or greater than 90% of a surface of at least some of the
plurality of segments 844c can overlap with each other, including
ranges between any of the preceding values. Each of the segments
844c can include at least two layers (e.g., at least one passive
layer 812 and at least one active layer 814). The overlapping
segments 844c can improve the energy absorption of the protective
member 804c.
[0130] FIG. 8D is a side, cross-sectional view of a protective
member 804d that includes a plurality of segments 844d, according
to an embodiment. Except as otherwise described herein, the
protective member 804d and its materials, components, or elements
can be similar to or the same as the protective members 204, 304,
404, 504, 604, 704, 804a-c (FIGS. 3-8C) and their respective
materials, components, or elements. The protective member 804d or
their materials, components, or elements can be used in any of the
protective member, supportive member, or system embodiments
disclosed herein.
[0131] The protective member 804d can include a plurality of
segments 844d and at least some of the segments 844d at least
partially overlap with each other. For example, the protective
member 804d includes a continuous bottom layer 848d and a top layer
846d. The top layer 846d can extend from the bottom layer 848d and
be formed from the segments 844d. In an embodiment, each of the
segments 844d can be substantially similar. In an embodiment, at
least some of the segments 844d can be different. For example, at
least one of the segments 844d can be an active layer, while
another of the 844d can be a passive layer. In another example, at
least one of the segments 844d can include one or more components
that are different than one or more components of another segment
844d.
[0132] In an embodiment, any of the protective members disclosed
herein can be at least partially positioned in or on any supportive
member that can be worn by an individual. For example, FIGS. 9A-9D
are schematics of different supportive members that can include any
of the protective members disclosed herein, according to different
embodiments. Except as otherwise described herein, the protective
members shown in FIGS. 9A-9D and their materials, components, or
elements can be similar to or the same as the protective members
204, 304, 404, 504, 604, 704, 804a-d (FIGS. 2-8D) and their
respective materials, components, or elements.
[0133] As shown in FIG. 9A, in embodiments, the supportive member
910a can include or be configured generally in a form of a shirt,
another garment, etc. designed to cover at least a portion of a
torso, abdomen, shoulders, or arm. The supportive member 910a can
be configured as a polo shirt, t-shirt, long-sleeved shirt, short
sleeved shirt, sleeveless shirt, vest, jersey (e.g., football,
baseball, basketball, soccer, hockey, or rugby jersey), sweatshirt,
coat, jacket, protective gear (e.g., a rib vest) or any other
garment or item (e.g., outerwear, innerwear) that at least
partially covers an abdominal region, spinal region, back region,
thoracic region, of an individual. In an embodiment, the supportive
member 910a can include protective member 904a positioned at any
number of suitable locations (e.g., near the abdomen portion of the
individual, as shown in FIG. 9A). For example, the protective
member 904a can be positioned to at least partially protect at
least one of the upper right portion (e.g., right hypochondrium),
the upper central portion (e.g., epigastrium), upper left portion
(e.g., left hypochondrium), the middle right portion (e.g., right
lumber region), the middle central portion (e.g., umbilical
region), the middle left portion (e.g., left lumber region), bottom
right portion (e.g., right iliac fossa), bottom central portion
(e.g., hypogastrium), or the bottom left portion (e.g., left iliac
fossa) of the abdominal region.
[0134] The protective member 904a can be positioned to protect at
least one of a spleen, colon (e.g., right colon, sigmoid colon,
descending colon), left kidney, right kidney, pancreas, liver,
gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine, stomach, duodenum,
adrenal glands, umbilicus, jejunum, ileum, appendix, cecum, urinary
bladder, female reproductive glands, etc. In an embodiment, the
protective member 904a can be positioned to at least partially
protect at least one of the right upper quadrant, the left upper
quadrant, the right lower quadrant, or the left lower quadrant of
the abdominal region. In an embodiment, the protective member 904a
can be positioned to at least partially protect a spine of the
individual, such as at least one of the cervical spine (e.g., the
shirt includes a collar), thoracic spine, lumbar spine, sacral
spine, or tailbone. In an embodiment, the protective member 904a
can be positioned to at least partially protect a chest of an
individual, such as at least one of the true ribs, false ribs,
floating ribs, sternum, clavicle, the jugular notch, pectoral
region, sternal region, etc. In an embodiment, the protective
member 904a can be positioned to at least partially protect a back
of the individual, such at least one of lower back, upper back,
scapular regions, interscapular region, lumbar region, sacral
region, coxal region, inguinal region, gluteal region, etc. In an
embodiment, the protective member 904a can be positioned to at
least partially provide skeletal support to at least one of the
abdominal region, spinal region, back region, thoracic region, or
arm of the individual.
[0135] In an embodiment, the protective member 904a can be
positioned to at least partially protect an arm of the individual,
such as at least one of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, forearm,
acromial region, brachial region, cubital region, antebrachial
region, or another portion of the arm. In embodiments, the
supportive member 910a can include or be configured generally in a
form of, a sleeve, a shoulder brace, wrist brace, an elbow brace,
or other gear or garment for covering a portion or all of an arm.
In an embodiment, the protective member 904a can be positioned to
at least partially protect at least a portion of a hand of the
individual, such as at least one of carpal region, palmar region,
finger, or another portion of the hand. In embodiments, the
supportive member 910a can include or be configured generally in a
form of a glove, a finger cot, or other gear or garment for
covering a portion or all of a hand.
[0136] FIG. 9B is a schematic of the supportive member 910b that is
configured in the shape of a head-cover that includes protective
member 904b, according to an embodiment. The supportive member 910b
can be configured as a baseball cap, football helmet, motocross
helmet, safety helmet, scrum cap, bicycle helmet, hockey helmet,
face mask, chin guard, mouth guard, glasses, or any other garment
that at least partially covers a portion of an individual's head.
Generally, the protective member 904b can be positioned at any
suitable portion(s) of the supportive member 910b. For example, the
protective member 904b can be positioned to at least partially
protect at least one of eyes, ears, nose, mouth, teeth, tongue,
chin, jaw, cheek, facial region, cranial region, cervical region,
nuchal region, forehead, temple, crown, nape of the neck, occipital
protuberance, parietal ridge, side, top, or another portion of the
head. In an embodiment, the protective member 904b can be
positioned to at least partially provide skeletal support to at
least one of the head of the individual.
[0137] FIG. 9C is a schematic of the supportive member 910c that is
configured in the shape of pants that includes protective member
904c, according to an embodiment. The supportive member 910c can be
configured as pants or similar garments or gear of any suitable
length generally designed to cover at least a portion of each of
two legs, or other garment or gear generally designed to cover at
least a portion of at least one leg, or other garment or gear
generally designed to cover at least a portion of a pelvis. For
example, the supportive member can include full length trousers,
shorts (e.g., basketball shorts), capri pants, skirts, dresses,
kilts, jeans, leggings, football pants, baseball knickers, hockey
pants, rugby trousers, knee brace, ankle brace, jockstrap, boxer
briefs, or any other garment (e.g., outerwear, innerwear) that at
least partially covers at least a portion of at least one of a leg
or a pelvic region of an individual. For example, the supportive
member 910c can at least partially protect at least one of an
ankle, calf, shin, knee, thigh, male reproductive organs, female
reproductive organs, lower abdominal region (e.g., iliac fossa),
waist, rectal region, pubic region, coxal region, inguinal region,
gluteal region, sacral region, lower lumbar region, perineal
region, popliteal region, calcaneal region, crural region, tarsal
region, dorsum of foot, patellar region, etc. The supportive member
910c can be configured as footwear (not shown), such as a sock,
shoes, sandals, slippers, or any other item that covers at least a
portion of a foot. For example, the supportive member 910c can at
least partially protect at least one of a toe, arch, or heel. In an
embodiment, the supportive member 910c be positioned to at least
partially provide skeletal support to at least one of the feet,
legs, or pelvic region of the individual.
[0138] In an embodiment, the supportive member 910c can be
configured generally in a form of a single unit of clothing (not
illustrated) that substantially covers at least the majority of the
torso or the majority of a body of the individual. For example, the
supportive member can be a jumpsuit, a flight suit, a unitard, a
wetsuit, an undergarment (e.g., a union suit), etc. For example,
the single unit of clothing can cover all of a limb (e.g., have
long sleeves or long pant legs) or a portion of the limb (e.g.,
have short sleeves or short pant legs). In one example, an
undergarment can be worn under additional protective gear, such as
protective athletic gear, protective safety gear (e.g., fire
protection) or protective environmental gear (e.g., SCUBA gear or a
space suit).
[0139] In an embodiment, the supportive member 910c can be
configured to be worn by a nonhuman animal. For example, the
supportive member 910c can be configured to be worn by a rescue
animal, such as a dog, or military animal, such as a dog or horse.
For example, the supportive member 910c might be configured to
cover a torso, a pelvis, a shoulder, a leg, a paw or hoof, a head,
a neck, or a spine of an animal. For example, the supportive member
910c might be configured as a vest, a helmet, a neck cover, or a
cover for a paw or leg.
[0140] FIG. 9D is a schematic of the supportive member 910d that is
configured in the shape of a sleeve that includes protective member
904d, according to an embodiment. The supportive member 910d can be
any item of clothing configured to protect only a single limb of an
individual. As such, the protective member 904d can be positioned
to at least partially protect at least one of a wrist, hand, elbow,
shoulder, knee, ankle, calf, shin, or another suitable body part.
In an embodiment, the protective member 904d can be positioned to
at least partially provide skeletal support to the individual.
[0141] In an embodiment, a supportive member can be configured
generally in a form of a single unit of clothing (not illustrated)
that substantially covers at least the majority of the torso or the
majority of a body of the individual. For example, the supportive
member can be a jumpsuit, a flight suit, a unitard, a wetsuit, an
under garment (e.g., a union suit), etc. For example, the single
unit of clothing can cover all of a limb (e.g., have long sleeves
or long pant legs) or a portion of the limb (e.g., have short
sleeves or short pant legs). In one example, an undergarment can be
worn under additional protective gear, such as protective athletic
gear, protective safety gear (e.g., fire protection) or protective
environmental gear (e.g., SCUBA gear or a space suit).
[0142] In an embodiment, a supportive member can be configured to
be worn by a nonhuman animal. For example, the supportive member
can be configured to be worn by a rescue animal, such as a dog, or
military animal, such as a dog or horse. For example, the
supportive member might be configured to cover a torso, a pelvis, a
shoulder, a leg, a paw or hoof, a head, a neck, or a spine of an
animal. For example, the supportive member might be configured as a
vest, a helmet, a neck cover, or a cover for a paw or leg.
[0143] Any of the supportive members or protective members
disclosed herein can be used in a system. In an embodiment, the
system can include multiple supportive members operably coupled to
one or more controllers. FIG. 10A is a schematic illustration of
system 1000a that includes a plurality of supportive members 1010a,
1010a', 1010a''according to an embodiment. Each of the supportive
members 1010a, 1010a', 1010a'' includes at least one protective
member 1004a, 1004a', 1004a''. Except as otherwise described
herein, the supportive members 1010a, 1010a', 1010a''and the
protective members 1004a, 1004a', 1004a'' illustrated in FIG. 10A
and their materials, components, or elements can be similar to or
the same as the supportive members 910a-d and the protective
members 204, 304, 404, 504, 604, 704, 804a-d, 904a-d (FIGS. 3-9D),
respectively, and their respective materials, components, or
elements.
[0144] In an embodiment, the supportive members 1010a, 1010a',
1010a'' are communicably coupled together. For example, each of the
supportive members 1010a, 1010a', 1010a'' can include a
corresponding controller that can control operation thereof or
receive signals from one or more sensors (not shown). The
controllers can be operably coupled together or in communication
with one another. For example, the controllers transmit information
or data to one another (e.g., data or signals from one or more
sensors, data or signals related to one or more control signals,
such as control signals to reconfigure one or more of the
supportive members 1010a, 1010a', 1010a'', etc.). In an embodiment,
at least one of the supportive members 1010a, 1010a', 1010a''
(e.g., one or more of the controllers) can include a communication
device (e.g., at least one of a receiver or transmitter) that can
be integrated with or operably coupled to the corresponding
controller of the controllers or can be standalone (e.g., operably
to one or more sensors on or near the protected garment).
[0145] The supportive members 1010a, 1010a', 1010a'' that are
communicably coupled together can transmit any number of suitable
system signals 1053 to each other. The system signals 1053 can
include, for example, at least one of location, speed, direction of
movement, or acceleration of at least one of the supportive members
1010a, 1010a', 1010a'', and the operation of the supportive members
1010a, 1010a', 1010a'' can be controlled responsive to receiving
the signals. For example, the signals can include one or more
sensing signals, one or more operational instructions, one or more
control signals, one or more programs, information from a database,
etc.
[0146] In an embodiment, the supportive members 1010a, 1010a',
1010a'' can be worn by multiple individuals (e.g., the supportive
members 1010a, 1010a', 1010a'' can be configured as shirts that can
be worn by multiple individuals). Additionally or alternatively,
the supportive members 1010a, 1010a', 1010a'' can be worn by the
same individual (e.g., multiple garments that can protect
corresponding body portions of the individual). In an embodiment,
each of the supportive members 1010a, 1010a', 1010a'' can be
substantially similar or the same. In an embodiment, at least one
of the supportive members 1010a, 1010a', 1010a'' can be different
than another supportive member 1010a, 1010a', 1010a''. For example,
at least two of the supportive members 1010a, 1010a', 1010a'' can
include at least one of different components, different active
layers (e.g., different energy-responsive materials), different
passive layers, a different arrangement of layers, different
positioning of the protective member 1004a, 1004a', 1004a'' (i.e.,
each protective member 1004a, 1004a', 1004a'' can be positioned to
at least partially protect a different part of the body), different
types of supportive members (e.g., shirts, hats, pants, or
sleeves), etc.
[0147] FIG. 10B is a schematic of a system 1000b that includes a
plurality of supportive members 1010b, 1010b', 1010b'', according
to an embodiment. Except as otherwise described herein, the
supportive members 1010b, 1010b', 1010b'' its FIG. 10A and their
materials, components, or elements can be similar to or the same as
the supportive members 1010a, 1010a', 1010a'' (FIGS. 10A) and their
respective materials, components, or elements. For example, each of
the supportive members 1010b, 1010b', 1010b'' can include a
protective member 1004b, 1004b', 1004b'' that is substantially
similar to or the same as at least one of the protective members
204, 304, 404, 504, 604, 704, 804a-d, 904a-d (FIGS. 3-9D).
[0148] As previously discussed, the system 1000b includes a
plurality of supportive members 1010b, 1010b', 1010b'' that each
include at least one protective member 1004b, 1004b', 1004b''
configured to protect one or more portions of an individual. At
least some of the supportive members 1010b, 1010b', 1010b'' can be
communicably coupled together. The system 1000b also includes a
central computing unit (CCU) 1054. The CCU 1054 can be communicably
coupled to at least one of the supportive members 1010b, 1010b',
1010b''. The CCU 1054 can be at least one of a laptop, desktop
computing device, tablet, mobile computing device (e.g., smart
phone), remote control, or another suitable electronic device. The
system 1000b can further include one or more sensors 1006
configured to sense one or more characteristics of the system
1000b. The sensors 1006 can include any of the sensors disclosed
herein. The one or more sensors 1006 can be at least partially
positioned in or on at least one of the supportive members 1010b,
1010b', 1010b'', the CCU 1054, remote from the CCU 1054, or another
structure at least proximate to the supportive members 1010b,
1010b', 1010b'' (e.g., sensors 1006 setup around a playing field,
in a stadium, etc.).
[0149] The CCU 1054 can include a CCU controller 1008 that is
communicably coupled to one or more components of the system 1000.
For example, the CCU controller 1008 can be communicably coupled to
at least one of the supportive members 1010b, 1010b', 1010b''
(e.g., communicably coupled to at least one controller of at least
one of the protective members 1004b, 1004b', 1004b''), the sensors
1006, another component of the CCU 1054, or another component of
the system 1000. In an embodiment, the CCU controller 1008 is
configured to at least partially control the operation of at least
one of the components that are communicably coupled thereto.
[0150] In an embodiment, the CCU controller 1008 can include memory
storage medium 1018. The memory storage medium 1018 can include any
of the memory storage mediums disclosed herein. The memory storage
medium 1018 can store at least one of one or more operational
instructions, one or more programs, or one or more databases
thereon. The databases can include information regarding at least
one of actual impact or potential impact against at least one of
the supportive members 1010b, 1010b', 1010b'', information about at
least one of the supportive members 1010b, 1010b', 1010b'', medical
history of at least one individual wearing at least one of the
supportive members 1010b, 1010b', 1010b'', the sensed information
signals or another signal received at the CCU controller 1008, or
any other suitable database. The one or more operational
instructions can include how to determine whether a potential
impact or actual impact exceeds a threshold level (e.g., an impact
threshold level or an injury threshold level), when to provide or
deny access to at least one of the databases, programs that are to
be executed by the control electrical circuitry 1018, etc. The CCU
controller 1008 can also include at least one processor 1019 that
is communicably coupled to the memory storage medium 1018. The
processor 1019 can be substantially similar to the processor 219
(FIG. 2).
[0151] In an embodiment, the CCU 1054 includes an interface 1021
that is similar to or the same as the interface 221 (FIG. 2). The
interface 1021 can form a part of the CCU controller 1008 or can be
distinct from and communicably coupled to the CCU controller 1008.
The interface 1021 is configured to communicably couple the CCU
1054 to at least one of the supportive members 1010b, 1010b',
1010b'', the sensors 1006, or another component of the system
1000b. For example, the interface 1021 can include a transceiver
configured to receive or transmit at least one of one or more
sensed information signals, one or more information signals 1017,
one or more operational instructions, one or more control signals
1024, or one or more system signals 1053b.
[0152] In an embodiment, the CCU 1054 also includes a user
interface 1025. The user interface 1025 enables the CCU 1054 to
communicate with an entity. The entity can include an individual
wearing at least one of the supportive members 1010b, 1010b',
1010b'', a user of the CCU 1054 (e.g., medical personnel, physical
trainers, coaches, commanding officers, etc.), a computing device
distinct and remote from the CCU 1054, a tablet, a mobile computing
device (e.g., smart phone), a remote control, etc. For example, the
user interface 1025 can include a display 1058 or one or more
inputs 1060. The display 1058 can be configured to display or
otherwise convey (e.g., via speakers) information to the entity.
The inputs 1060 can enable the entity to communicate with the CCU
1054. The inputs 1060 can include a mouse, a keyboard, a USB port,
a touchscreen, a microphone, etc. As such, the inputs 1060 enable
the entity to provide one or more operational instructions or
programs to the CCU 1054 that can be stored on the memory storage
medium 1018.
[0153] In an embodiment, the user interface 1025 is configured to
inform the entity about the system 1000b. For example, the user
interface 1025 can provide to the entity information about one or
more previous impacts. In another example, the user interface 1025
can inform the entity that one or more active layers of the system
1000b have been activated. In another example, the user interface
1025 can provide at least one sensed information signal 1017 to the
entity. In another example, the user interface 1025 can indicate to
the entity the readiness of one or more portions of at least one of
the supportive members 1010b, 1010b', 1010b''. For instance, the
user interface 1025 can indicate if one or more protective members
1004b of at least one of the supportive members 1010b, 1010b',
1010b'' are functioning or if one or more of the protective members
1004b, 1004b', 1004b'' are not functioning properly (e.g., need
repair, a power source requires charging, etc.).
[0154] In an embodiment, the CCU 1054 can provide one or more
recommendations based on a threshold having been met or exceeded.
In an embodiment, the CCU 1054 can provide one or more
recommendations that an individual wearing at least one of the
supportive members 1010b, 1010b', 1010b'' should be removed to a
safe location, removed from an athletic event, or medical
assistance may be required. The one or more recommendations can be
based on whether one or more threshold levels (e.g., an injury
threshold level or an impact threshold level) have been met or
exceeded. The threshold level can be a selected likelihood that an
individual wearing at least one of the supportive members 1010b,
1010b', 1010b'' was injured from an actual impact or a potential
impact (e.g., the CCU 1054 provides the one or more recommendations
before the actual impact). The CCU 1054 can determine that at least
one threshold level has been met or exceeded based on the sensed
information signals received by the CCU 1054 from the sensors 1006.
The sensed information signals can include any of the
characteristics disclosed herein, such as a force applied to at
least one of the supportive members 1010b, 1010b', 1010b'', a
radius of curvature of the impact source, a motion (e.g., speed,
direction, location, acceleration, deceleration) of at least one of
the supportive members 1010b, one or more sensed characteristics of
an individual (e.g., heartrate), etc.
[0155] In an embodiment, the threshold level can be a selected
likelihood that an actual impact punctured an individual wearing at
least one of the supportive members 1010b, 1010b', 1010b''. For
example, the threshold level can be determined based on at least
the force of the impact and the radius of curvature of the impact
source. In an embodiment, the threshold level can be the likelihood
that an actual impact broke or fractured a bone of an individual
wearing at least one of the supportive members 1010b, 1010b',
1010b''. For example, the threshold level can be determined based
on at least a location on the individual that is impacted and a
force applied to the location. In an embodiment, the threshold
level can be the likelihood that an actual impact damaged a body
part (e.g., ruptured spleen, concussion, fractured a joint,
contusion, etc.) of an individual wearing at least one of the
supportive members 1010b, 1010b', 1010b''. For example, the
threshold level can be determined based on at least a location on
the individual that is impacted and a force applied to the
location.
[0156] The threshold level can be when an actual impact has a
likelihood of less than 1%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%,
30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or about
100% of causing an injury, including ranges between any of the
percentages. In an embodiment, the threshold level is predetermined
and is stored on a memory storage medium (e.g., memory storage
medium 218 in FIG. 2) of the CCU 1054. In an embodiment, the
threshold level is determined based on information stored on the
memory storage medium. For example, the threshold level can be
determined at least partially based on an individual's medical
history. In an embodiment, the threshold level can vary. For
example, an impact that can cause a severe injury to an individual
can have a lower threshold level (e.g., lower likelihood of injury)
than an impact that can cause a minor injury. In another example,
the threshold level may vary based on a time of day, an activity of
an individual wearing at least one of the supportive members 1010b,
1010b', 1010b'', etc.
[0157] In an embodiment, the CCU 1054 can provide one or more
recommendations that at least a portion of at least one of the
supportive members 1010b, 1010b', 1010b'' (e.g., a segment of at
least one of the supportive members 1010b, 1010b', 1010b'') needs
to be replaced. The one or more recommendations can be based on
whether one or more impact threshold levels have been met or
exceeded. The CCU 1054 can determine that at least one impact
threshold level has been met or exceeded based on the sensed
information signals received by the CCU 1054 from the sensors 1006.
The sensed information signals can include any of the
characteristics disclosed herein, such as a force applied to at
least one of the supportive members 1010b, 1010b', 1010b'', the
number of times at least a portion of the supportive member 1010b,
1010b', 1010b'' has deployed, or the length of time the supportive
members 1010b, 1010b', 1010b'' has been in use.
[0158] In an embodiment, a threshold level is predetermined and is
stored on the memory storage medium 1018. In an embodiment, the
threshold level is determined based on information stored on the
memory storage medium 1018. For example, the threshold level can be
determined at least partially based on an individual's medical
history. In an embodiment, the threshold level can vary. For
example, an impact that can cause or lead to a severe injury to an
individual can have a lower threshold level (e.g., lower likelihood
of injury) than an impact that can cause a minor injury. In another
example, the threshold level may vary based on a time of day, an
activity of an individual wearing the supportive member 1010b,
1010b', 1010b'', etc.
[0159] In an embodiment, at least one of the supportive members
1010b, 1010b', 1010b'' can be configured to determine a threshold
level and to alert an individual wearing the supportive member
1010b, 1010b', 1010b'' that the threshold level has been met or
exceeded. For example, at least one controller of the supportive
member 1010b, 1010b', 1010b'' can be configured to determine
whether the threshold level has been met or exceeded at least
partially based on one or more sensed information signals received
by the controller. The supportive member 1010b, 1010b', 1010b'' can
include a user interface configured to alert the individual or
another entity when the threshold level has been met or exceeded.
For example, the device can include a speaker that emits a sound
when the threshold level has been met or exceeded. In such an
embodiment, the CCU 1054 can be omitted.
[0160] Furthermore, in an embodiment, any of the controllers (e.g.,
controller 1008) or sensors 1006 can transmit information or data
to one or more data storage devices or systems that can be
associated with or can include medical records (e.g., medical
records of the individual wearing the supportive member(s)). For
example, the controller can store or transmit data related to the
number and severity of impacts received by an individual (e.g.,
impact force imparted onto the individual, impact energy absorbed
by the individual, location(s) of impact(s), etc.). In an
embodiment, the medical records of the individual can be associated
with or can receive information related to the impact(s) to assess
effects of the impact(s) on the health of the individual, to assess
whether the individual may need to seek medical attention, etc.
[0161] It will be understood that a wide range of hardware,
software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof can be
used in the controllers described herein. In one embodiment,
several portions of the subject matter described herein can be
implemented via Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs),
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors
(DSPs), or other integrated formats. However, some aspects of the
embodiments disclosed herein, in whole or in part, can be
equivalently implemented in integrated circuits, as one or more
programs running on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more
programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or
as virtually any combination thereof. In addition, the reader will
appreciate that the mechanisms of the subject matter described
herein are capable of being distributed as a program product in a
variety of forms, and that an illustrative embodiment of the
subject matter described herein applies regardless of the
particular type of signal bearing medium used to actually carry out
the distribution.
[0162] In a general sense, the various embodiments described herein
can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by various
types of electro-mechanical systems having a wide range of
electrical components such as hardware, software, firmware, or
virtually any combination thereof; and a wide range of components
that can impart mechanical force or motion such as rigid bodies,
spring or torsional bodies, hydraulics, and electro-magnetically
actuated devices, or virtually any combination thereof.
Consequently, as used herein "electro-mechanical system" includes,
but is not limited to, electrical circuitry operably coupled with a
transducer (e.g., an actuator, a motor, a piezoelectric crystal,
etc.), electrical circuitry having at least one discrete electrical
circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one integrated
circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one application
specific integrated circuit, or a microprocessor configured by a
computer program which at least partially carries out processes
and/or devices described herein), electrical circuitry forming a
memory device (e.g., forms of random access memory), electrical
circuitry forming a communications device (e.g., a modem,
communications switch, or optical-electrical equipment), and any
non-electrical analog thereto, such as optical or other
analogs.
[0163] In a general sense, the various aspects described herein
which can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a
wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or any combination
thereof can be viewed as being composed of various types of
"electrical circuitry." Consequently, as used herein "electrical
circuitry" includes, but is not limited to, electrical circuitry
having at least one discrete electrical circuit, electrical
circuitry having at least one integrated circuit, electrical
circuitry having at least one application specific integrated
circuit, or a microprocessor configured by a computer program which
at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described
herein), electrical circuitry forming a memory device (e.g., forms
of random access memory), and/or electrical circuitry forming a
communications device (e.g., a modem, communications switch, or
optical-electrical equipment). The subject matter described herein
can be implemented in an analog or digital fashion or some
combination thereof.
[0164] The herein described components (e.g., steps), devices, and
objects and the discussion accompanying them are used as examples
for the sake of conceptual clarity. Consequently, as used herein,
the specific exemplars set forth and the accompanying discussion
are intended to be representative of their more general classes. In
general, use of any specific exemplar herein is also intended to be
representative of its class, and the non-inclusion of such specific
components (e.g., steps), devices, and objects herein should not be
taken as indicating that limitation is desired.
[0165] With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or
singular terms herein, the reader can translate from the plural to
the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is
appropriate to the context and/or application. The various
singular/plural permutations are not expressly set forth herein for
sake of clarity.
[0166] The herein described subject matter sometimes illustrates
different components contained within, or connected with, different
other components. It is to be understood that such depicted
architectures are merely exemplary, and that in fact many other
architectures can be implemented which achieve the same
functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components
to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such
that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two
components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality
can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired
functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or
intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated
can also be viewed as being "operably connected," or "operably
coupled," to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and
any two components capable of being so associated can also be
viewed as being "operably couplable," to each other to achieve the
desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable
include but are not limited to physically mateable and/or
physically interacting components and/or wirelessly interactable
and/or wirelessly interacting components and/or logically
interacting and/or logically interactable components.
[0167] In some instances, one or more components can be referred to
herein as "configured to." The reader will recognize that
"configured to" or "adapted to" are synonymous and can generally
encompass active-state components and/or inactive-state components
and/or standby-state components, unless context requires
otherwise.
[0168] While particular aspects of the present subject matter
described herein have been shown and described, it will be apparent
that, based upon the teachings herein, changes and modifications
can be made without departing from the subject matter described
herein and its broader aspects and, therefore, the appended claims
are to encompass within their scope all such changes and
modifications as are within the true spirit and scope of the
subject matter described herein. Furthermore, it is to be
understood that the invention is defined by the appended claims. In
general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims
(e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as
"open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as
"including but not limited to," the term "having" should be
interpreted as "having at least," the term "includes" should be
interpreted as "includes but is not limited to," etc.). It will be
further understood that if a specific number of an introduced claim
recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited
in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent
is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following
appended claims can contain usage of the introductory phrases "at
least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations.
However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply
that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite
articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such
introduced claim recitation to inventions containing only one such
recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory
phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles
such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and/or "an" should typically be
interpreted to mean "at least one" or "one or more"); the same
holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim
recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an
introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, such recitation
should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number
(e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations," without other
modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more
recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention
analogous to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." is used, in
general such a construction is intended in the sense the convention
(e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" would include
but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone,
A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B,
and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention
analogous to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc." is used, in general
such a construction is intended in the sense the convention (e.g.,
"a system having at least one of A, B, or C" would include but not
be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B
together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C
together, etc.). Virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase
presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the
description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to
contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either
of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" will
be understood to include the possibilities of "A" or "B" or "A and
B."
[0169] With respect to the appended claims, any recited operations
therein can generally be performed in any order. Examples of such
alternate orderings can include overlapping, interleaved,
interrupted, reordered, incremental, preparatory, supplemental,
simultaneous, reverse, or other variant orderings, unless context
dictates otherwise. With respect to context, even terms like
"responsive to," "related to," or other past-tense adjectives are
generally not intended to exclude such variants, unless context
dictates otherwise.
[0170] While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed
herein, the various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are
for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting,
with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following
claims.
* * * * *