U.S. patent application number 15/696321 was filed with the patent office on 2018-01-11 for bioresorbable wound dressing.
This patent application is currently assigned to BIOPHARM GESELLSCHAFT ZUR BIOTECHNOLOGISCHEN ENTWI CKLUNG VON PHARMAKA MBH. The applicant listed for this patent is BIOPHARM GESELLSCHAFT ZUR BIOTECHNOLOGISCHEN ENTWICKLUNG VON PHARMAKA MBH, CARL FREUDENBERG KG. Invention is credited to Dirk Grafahrend, Daniel Neumuller, Frank Ploger, Denis Reibel.
Application Number | 20180008743 15/696321 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46354320 |
Filed Date | 2018-01-11 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180008743 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Ploger; Frank ; et
al. |
January 11, 2018 |
BIORESORBABLE WOUND DRESSING
Abstract
The present invention is directed to novel non-woven fabrics
containing growth and differentiation factor proteins. Said fabrics
are specifically designed to accelerate tissue regeneration and
wound healing processes of mammalian tissues. Furthermore, the
invention provides wound dressings, pads or implants comprising the
novel non-woven fabrics.
Inventors: |
Ploger; Frank; (Heidelberg,
DE) ; Reibel; Denis; (Herrlisheim, FR) ;
Grafahrend; Dirk; (Mannheim, DE) ; Neumuller;
Daniel; (Weinheim, DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
BIOPHARM GESELLSCHAFT ZUR BIOTECHNOLOGISCHEN ENTWICKLUNG VON
PHARMAKA MBH
CARL FREUDENBERG KG |
Heidelberg
Weinheim |
|
DE
DE |
|
|
Assignee: |
BIOPHARM GESELLSCHAFT ZUR
BIOTECHNOLOGISCHEN ENTWI CKLUNG VON PHARMAKA MBH
Heidelberg
DE
CARL FREUDENBERG KG
Weinheim
DE
|
Family ID: |
46354320 |
Appl. No.: |
15/696321 |
Filed: |
September 6, 2017 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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14996483 |
Jan 15, 2016 |
9782511 |
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15696321 |
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14128185 |
Dec 20, 2013 |
9278156 |
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PCT/EP2012/061965 |
Jun 21, 2012 |
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14996483 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61L 15/32 20130101;
D04H 1/4266 20130101; A61P 1/02 20180101; A61P 3/10 20180101; A61L
2300/414 20130101; A61L 15/64 20130101; D04H 1/30 20130101; A61L
15/425 20130101; A61P 17/02 20180101; A61P 5/14 20180101; A61K
38/1875 20130101; A61P 1/18 20180101; A61L 15/44 20130101; A61F
13/00 20130101; A61P 1/16 20180101; A61P 13/12 20180101; A61P 15/00
20180101; A61L 15/62 20130101; A61L 2300/604 20130101; A61P 17/00
20180101; A61L 15/42 20130101; A61P 25/00 20180101; A61P 19/08
20180101; A61L 15/22 20130101; A61P 9/00 20180101; A61L 15/325
20130101; A61L 2300/252 20130101; A61P 19/02 20180101; A61L 15/18
20130101; A61P 19/04 20180101; A61P 41/00 20180101 |
International
Class: |
A61L 15/32 20060101
A61L015/32; A61F 13/00 20060101 A61F013/00; D04H 1/30 20120101
D04H001/30; A61K 38/18 20060101 A61K038/18; A61L 15/22 20060101
A61L015/22; A61L 15/64 20060101 A61L015/64; A61L 15/62 20060101
A61L015/62; A61L 15/44 20060101 A61L015/44; A61L 15/42 20060101
A61L015/42; D04H 1/4266 20120101 D04H001/4266; A61L 15/18 20060101
A61L015/18 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jun 22, 2011 |
EP |
11170971.3 |
Claims
1. A non-woven fabric comprising: fibres of a fibre raw material
comprising bioresorbable and/or biocompatible polymers, the fibres
including at least one biologically active substance, which is
distributed in the fibres, wherein the biologically active
substance is a GDF-5-related protein.
2. The non-woven fabric of claim 1, wherein the biologically active
protein is additionally distributed on the fibres.
3. The non-woven fabric of claim 1, wherein the GDF-5-related
protein comprises a cystine-knot-domain with an amino acid identity
of at least 60% to the 102 aa-cystine-knot-domain of human GDF-5
according to amino acids 400-501 of SEQ ID NO:2.
4. The non-woven fabric of claim 3, wherein the GDF-5-related
protein comprises a cystine-knot-domain with an amino acid identity
of at least 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% to the 102 aa cystine-knot-domain
of human GDF-5.
5. The non-woven fabric of claim 1, wherein the fibre raw material
is selected from the group consisting of natural polymers,
synthetic polymers, and polymers derived from fossile raw
materials, each of which may be modified or unmodified, and
combinations thereof.
6. The non-woven fabric of claim 5, wherein the natural polymers
are selected from the group consisting of polypeptides such as
collagen, gelatin, fibrin, and casein, polysaccharides such as
dextran, cellulose, starch, chitin, chitosan, alginate and
hyaluronic acid, polynucleotides, and synthetic polymers such as
polylactide (PLA), polyglycolide (PGA), polycaprolactone (PCL),
polyvinlypyrrolidon (PVP), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyethylene
glycol (PEG), and polyhydroxyesters, or combinations thereof.
7. The non-woven fabric of claim 1, comprising another substance
dispersed into the fibres.
8. The non-woven fabric of claim 7, wherein the dispersed substance
is selected from the group of inorganic substances like
hydroxylapatite and/or .beta.-tricalcium phosphate.
9. The non-woven fabric of claim 1, wherein the non-woven fabric is
producable or produced by a rotation spinning method.
10. The non-woven fabric of claim 1, wherein at least some of the
fibres are one of twisted with one another, interlaced with one
another, and have a twisted structure, preferably wherein at least
some of the fibres are interlaced with one another and form at
least one fibre bundle.
11. The non-woven fabric of claim 1, wherein at least some of the
fibres are nanofibres.
12. The non-woven fabric of claim 1, wherein the fabric comprises
an open pore structure having an air permeability between 0.01 and
100 l/min*cm.
13. The non-woven fabric of claim 1, wherein at least 10% of the
biologically active substance is eluted within 3 to 7 days under
physiological conditions (PBS buffer, 10% Fetal Calf Serum,
37.degree. C.).
14. A method of improving healing of wounds including diabetic and
other ulcers, burns, skin injuries and/or skin grafts, for inducing
nerve growth or preventing neuronal death, for promoting
angiogenesis, for inducing proliferation of progenitor cells and/or
bone marrow cells; for maintaining a state of proliferation or
differentiation for treatment or preservation of tissue or cells
for organ or tissue transplantation; for treating degenerative
disorders concerning the joints to skeletal elements and/or for
meniscus and/or spinal/intervertebral disk repair comprising
application of the non-woven fabric of claim 1 to a desired
location.
15. A method for providing tissue regeneration, said tissue being
selected from the group consisting of skin tissue, connective
tissue, bone, cartilage, connective tissue attachment, tendon,
ligament, spinal/intervertebral disk, meniscus, dental tissue,
dentin, periodontal ligament, hair, tissues of the sensory system,
liver, pancreas, cardiac, blood vessel, renal, uterine and thyroid
tissue, mucous membranes, endothelium, epithelium or neural tissue
comprising application of the non-woven fabric of claim 1 to the
tissue.
16. A wound dressing, wound pad or implant, comprising the
non-woven fabric of claim 1.
Description
PRIOR RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a Continuation Application of U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 14/996,483, filed Jan. 15, 2016, which
is a Divisional Application of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
14/128,185, filed Dec. 20, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,278,156, which
is a National Phase application of International Application No.
PCT/EP2012/061965 filed Jun. 21, 2012, which claims priority to
European Patent Application 11170971.3 filed Jun. 22, 2011, Each of
the foregoing application is incorporated herein by reference in
its entirety.
DESCRIPTION
[0002] The present invention is directed to novel non-woven fabrics
containing growth and differentiation factor proteins. Said fabrics
are specifically designed to accelerate tissue regeneration and
wound healing processes of mammalian tissues. Furthermore, the
invention provides wound dressings, pads and implants comprising
the novel non-woven fabrics.
[0003] GDF-5 (Hotten et al. 1994, Biochem. Biophys Res. Commun.
204, 646-652) is a morphogen which has been shown to promote cell
proliferation, differentiation and/or tissue formation in several
tissues. The protein is also known as morphogenic protein MP52,
bone morphogenetic protein-14 (BMP-14) or cartilage-derived
morphogenetic protein-1 (CDMP-1). GDF-5 is closely related to GDF-6
and GDF-7. These three proteins form a distinct subgroup of the
TGF-.beta. superfamily, thus displaying comparable biological
properties and an extraordinary high degree of amino acid sequence
identity (see i.e. Wolfman et al. 1997, J. Clin. Invest. 100,
321-330). All family members are initially synthesized as larger
precursor proteins which subsequently undergo proteolytic cleavage
at a cluster of basic residues approximately 110-140 amino acids
from the C-terminus, thus releasing the C-terminal mature protein
parts from the N-terminal prodomain. The mature polypeptides are
structurally related and contain a conserved bioactive domain
comprising six or seven canonical cysteine residues which is
responsible for the characteristical three-dimensional
"cystine-knot" motif of these proteins. Native GDF-5 related
proteins are homodimeric molecules and act mainly through
interaction with specific receptor complexes which are composed of
type I and type II serine/threonine receptor kinases. The receptor
kinases subsequently activate Smad proteins, which then propagate
the signals into the nucleus to regulate target gene
expression.
[0004] It has repeatedly been demonstrated that members of the
GDF-5/-6/-7 subgroup are primarily important inducers and
regulators of bone and cartilage (Cheng et al. 2003, J. Bone &
Joint Surg. 85A, 1544-1552; Settle et al. 2003, Developm. Biol.
254, 116-130). GDF-5 is a natural growth factor in the nervous
system (see for example WO 97/03188; Krieglstein et al., (1995) J.
Neurosci Res. 42, 724-732; Sullivan et al., (1997) Neurosci Lett
233, 73-76; Sullivan et al. (1998), Eur. J. Neurosci 10,
3681-3688). Furthermore, it is e.g. useful for the modulation of
skin related tissue growth (WO 02/076494; Battaglia et al. 2002,
Trans. Orthop. Res. Soc. 27, 584), and for induction of angiogenic
processes (Yamashita et al. 1997, Exp. Cell Res. 235, 218-26).
[0005] After discovery of their unique tissue inductive activities,
growth factor proteins such as GDF-5 have been successfully applied
in therapeutic research and regenerative surgery, in which they
promote and assist the natural healing process of various damaged
tissues, either alone or in combination with specific matrix
materials. Although several pharmaceutical compositions comprising
biologically active mature GDF-5 related proteins have been
developed (see e.g. WO96/33215), formulation and handling of GDF-5
are nevertheless still problematic because the mature protein tends
to interact with a couple of solid materials and shows exceptional
poor solubility under physiological conditions. A pH-dependent
solubility profile of mature GDF-5/MP52 (shown i.e. in EP 1 462
126) reveals that the protein starts precipitating in aqueous
solutions with a pH above 4.25 and becomes almost unsoluble between
pH 5 and pH 9.
[0006] For wound healing purposes, both lotion-like and solid
surgical dressings of various forms, sizes and materials have been
developed which are primarily designed to ensure wound closure
under semi-sterile conditions. Several of these dressings are made
up of organic materials such as e.g. collagens whereas other
devices are composed of synthetic components such as e.g. amorphous
thermoplastic polymers. Some wound dressings of the most advanced
generation feature additional drug delivery functions; they are
capable of administering bioactive substances such as antibiotics
or cytokines like epidermal growth factor (EGF) or platelet-derived
growth factor (PDGF/Becaplermin). For example, genetically
engineered PDGF is commercially available under the brand name
Regranex.RTM. as a topical (0.01%) wound healing gel which has been
approved for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers that extend into
the subcutaneous tissue or beyond.
[0007] Especially desirable for wound healing and other tissue
regeneration purposes are new fabrics by which growth and
differentiation factor proteins are being delivered to the human
body. It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve
the therapeutic usability of GDF-5 and related proteins by
providing novel wound healing materials and devices.
[0008] Biodegradable wound dressings are described in EP 2 042 199.
The described wound dressing is made of a non-woven fabric
comprising fibres of a fibre raw material, wherein the fibres
include at least one biologically active substance. As biologically
active substances particularly antimicrobial substances or
antibiotics are suggested.
[0009] During their studies for improving the therapeutic usability
of GDF-5 and related proteins, the inventors of the present
application surprisingly found out that a non-woven fabric
comprising fibres of a fibre raw material as described in EP 2 042
199 is particularly suitable for delivering growth and
differentiation factor proteins to the human body. The combination
of GDF-5 and bioresorbable non-wovens showed unexpected effects
beneficial for application of GDF-5. Biodegradable non-wovens
provided a substrate for GDF-5 showing increased release of mature
protein combined with good handling properties. This combination
allows controlling the administration of GDF-5 in a local manner,
and therefore enables the effect of the growth factor at the
desired site of pharmacological action. Besides this spatial
control, increased yields of bioactive GDF-5 are eluted from the
biodegradable non-woven over desired time period, e.g. several
days. Due to the incorporation of GDF-5 into the non-woven fabric
pH dependent precipitation effects are overcome and interaction
with solid materials is minimized.
[0010] Subject-matter of the invention is therefore a non-woven
fabric comprising fibres of a fibre raw material comprising
bioresorbable polymers, the fibres including at least one
biologically active substance which is a GDF-5 related protein,
distributed in the fibres.
Definitions
[0011] In order to avoid misunderstandings and ambiguities, some
frequently used terms herein are defined and exemplified as
follows:
[0012] The term "cystine-knot domain" as used herein means the well
known and conserved cysteine-rich amino acid region which is
present in the mature parts of TGF-beta superfamily proteins such
as i.e. human GDF-5 and forms a three-dimensional protein structure
known as cystine-knot. In this domain the respective location of
the cysteine residues to each other is important and is only
allowed to vary slightly in order not to lose the biological
activity. It has been demonstrated that the cystine-knot domain
alone is sufficient for the biological function of the protein
(Schreuder et al. (2005), Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 329,
1076-86). Consensus sequences for cystine-knot domains are well
known in the state of the art. According to the definition defined
herein the cystine-knot-domain of a protein starts with the first
cysteine residue participating in the cystine-knot of the
respective protein and ends with the residue which follows the last
cysteine participating in the cystine-knot of the respective
protein. For example, the cystine-knot domain of the human GDF-5
precursor protein (SEQ ID NO: 2) consists of the amino acids
400-501 (see also FIG. 1).
[0013] The term "GDF-5-related protein" as used herein means any
naturally occurring or artificially created protein which is very
closely related to human growth/differentiation factor 5 (hGDF-5).
Common feature of all GFD-5-related proteins is the occurrence of a
cystine-knot-domain with an amino acid identity of at least 60% to
the 102 aa cystine-knot domain of human GDF-5 (amino acids 400-501
of SEQ ID NO: 2), which is sufficient for the biological function
of the protein. The term "GDF-5-related proteins" includes proteins
belonging to the group of GDF-5, GDF-6 and GDF-7 proteins from
vertebrate or mammalian species as well as recombinant variants
thereof as long as these proteins show the above mentioned
percentage of identity with the cystine-knot-domain of human GDF-5.
The limiting value of 60% is well suitable to separate members of
the GDF-5/-6/-7 group of proteins as well as variants thereof from
further proteins such as more distantly related GDFs and BMPs. A
comparison of the 102 aa cystine-knot-domains of human GDF-5, human
GDF-6 and human GDF-7 (see FIG. 2) reveals the high grade of amino
acid identity between these proteins. Human GDF-6 shares 87 (85%)
and human GDF-7 shares 83 (81%) identical residues with the
cystine-knot-domain of human GDF-5. The respective domains of
GDF-5/-6/-7 molecules from other vertebrate and mammalian species
which have been identified so far also show very high identity
percentages of at least 75% (between 79% and 99%), when compared
with human GDF-5. In contrast, GDFs and BMPs not belonging to the
GDF-5/-6/-7 subgroup display much lower identity values below 60%
(see FIG. 3)
[0014] The determination of corresponding amino acid positions in
related amino acid sequences as well as the calculation of
percentages of identity can be easily performed with the help of
well known alignment algorithms and optionally computer programs
using these algorithms. For example, the amino acid identities in
this patent application (i.e. FIG. 2) have been calculated by
aligning sequences with the freeware program ClustalX (Version
1.81) with default parameters and subsequent counting of identical
residues by hand. Default settings for pairwise alignment
(slow-accurate) are: gap opening parameter: 10.00; gap extension
parameter 0.10; Protein weight matrix: Gonnet 250. The ClustalX
program is described in detail in Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J.,
Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. and Higgins, D. G. (1997): The
ClustalX windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple
sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids
Research 24:4876-4882. ClustalX is a windows interface for the
ClustalW multiple sequence alignment program and is i.e. available
from various sources, i.e. by anonymous ftp from
ftp-igbmc.u-strasbg.fr, ftp.embl-heidelberg.de, ftp.ebi.ac.uk or
via download from the following webpage:
http://www-igbmc.u-strasbg.fr/BioInfo/. The ClustalW program and
algorithm is also described in detail in Thompson, J. D., Higgins,
D. G. and Gibson, T. J. (1994): CLUSTALW: improving the sensitivity
of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence
weighting, positions-specific gap penalties and weight matrix
choice. Nucleic Acids Research 22:4673-4680.
[0015] Especially preferred GDF-5-related proteins display amino
acid identities of at least 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% to the 102 aa
cystine-knot domain of human GDF-5.
[0016] Non-limiting examples for vertebrate and mammalian
GDF-5-related proteins are precursors and mature proteins of human
GDF-5 (disclosed as MP52 in WO95/04819 and as human GDF-5 in Hotten
et al. 1994, Biochem. Biophys Res. Commun. 204, 646-652),
recombinant human (rh) GDF-5/MP52 (WO96/33215), MP52 Arg
(WO97/06254); HMW human MP52s (WO97/04095), CDMP-1 (WO96/14335),
mouse (Mus musculus) GDF-5 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,801,014), rabbit
(Oryctolagus cuniculus) GDF-5 (Sanyal et al. 2000, Mol Biotechnol.
16, 203-210), chicken (Gallus gallus) GDF-5 (NCBI accession no.
NP_989669), african clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) GDF-5 (NCBI
accession no. AAT99303), monomeric GDF-5 (WO 01/11041 and WO
99/61611), human GDF-6/BMP-13 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,658,882), mouse
GDF-6 (NCBI accession no NP_038554), GDF-6/CDMP-2 (WO96/14335),
human GDF-7/BMP-12 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,658,882), mouse GDF-7 (NCBI
accession no AAP97721), GDF-7/CDMP-3 (WO96/143335). Covered by the
invention are also GDF-5-related proteins having additional
mutations such as substitutions, additions and deletions, as long
as these additional mutations do not completely abolish the
biological protein activity. Some preferred variants are mutants of
GDF-5-related proteins with improved biological activity. For
example, one or more residues which are normally present in the
human GDF-5 precursor protein (see FIG. 1) are substituted in these
mutants by other amino acids: the arginine at position 438 of the
human GDF-5 precursor is replaced by glycine, alanine, valine,
leucine, isoleucine, methionine or asparagines; and/or serine 439
is replaced by aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, leucine, or
isoleucine; and/or asparagine 445 is replaced by serine or
threonine. In another high activity mutant, methionine 453 and/or
methionine 456 are replaced by alanine, valine, or isoleucine. Also
of special interest are mutants in which leucine 441 is replaced by
proline.
[0017] The term "variant" as used herein means any of the following
polypeptides:
a) biologically active fragments of a protein, preferably at least
comprising the cystine-knot domain; b) biologically active protein
constructs which contain additional sequences (either with or
without adding biological functions) in excess to the original
sequence of the protein or constructs which contain amino acid
substitutions; c) any combination of a) and b).
[0018] The term "biological activity" denotes the activity of
compounds, including, e.g., a GDF-5-related protein as measured by
the common in vitro alkaline phosphatase assay (ALP), e.g. as
described in example 8 or in Takuwa et al. (1989), Am. J. Physiol.
257, E797-E803). Suitable cell lines which may be used in such ALP
assay are e.g. ATDC-5 or MCHT 1/26 cells.
[0019] The non-woven fabric of the present invention may have
different forms, shapes, styles or designs. For example, the
non-woven fabric may be a wound dressing, wound pad, implant or
wadding.
[0020] Subject-matter of the invention is a non-woven fabric
comprising fibres of a fibre raw material comprising bioresorbable
and/or biocompatible polymers, the fibres including at least one
biologically active substance, wherein the biologically active
substance is a GDF-5-related protein. The GDF-5-related protein is
distributed in the fibres. Optionally, additional GDF-5-related
protein may be present on the fibres.
[0021] The inventors surprisingly found that GDF-5 related
proteins, despite their relatively high hydrophobicity, can be
incorporated inside the fibres. Even non-glycosylated GDF-5 related
proteins can surprisingly well be incorporated into fibres of a
fibre raw material comprising bioresorbable and/or biocompatible
polymers.
[0022] By the incorporation of GDF-5 related proteins into the
inner part of the fibres, the stability of the protein is
increased. The protein is especially protected, if the fibres are
subsequently subjected to a sterilization process e.g. using
.gamma.-radiation. Due to its position in the inner part of the
fibre, the protein is also protected against degradation by
proteases. Further, the long-term storage ability is increased.
Especially at higher temperatures as e.g. room temperature, the
storage ability of the protein is improved as compared to fibres
including the GDF-5 related protein on their surface. Furthermore,
by selecting appropriate polymers for the raw material, the release
of GDF-5 related proteins from the inner part of the fibres can be
controlled, e.g. for a fast release of the active substance or a
more slowly release.
[0023] According to the invention, the fibre raw materials are
preferably selected from the group consisting of natural polymers,
synthetic polymers and polymers derived from fossil raw materials.
These materials may each be modified or unmodified.
[0024] "Natural polymers" in terms of the present invention are
those which are derived from biological sources such as plant,
animal, fungi or bacteria-based material. The term includes
post-treated and chemically modified polymers. According to a
preferred embodiment of the invention, the natural polymers are
selected from the group consisting of polypeptides,
polysaccharides, polyhydroxy esters and polynucleotides.
[0025] Particularly suitable are natural polymers as the
polypeptides like collagen, gelatin, fibrin, casein, or the
polysaccharides dextran, cellulose, starch, chitin, chitosan,
hyaluronic acid and alginate as well as synthetic polymers as
polylactide (PLA), polyglycolide (PGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), as
well as any combinations thereof.
[0026] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the
non-woven fabric is "bioresorbable". This means that the the
non-woven fabric is degraded in or on the body. Such materials
preferably do not have to be removed after complete resorption and
often are particularly well compatible with the body.
[0027] "Biocompatible" materials in terms of the present invention
are materials which are able to perform with an appropriate host
response in a specific application. Such materials preferably
elicit little or no immune response in a given organism, or may be
able to integrate with a particular cell type or tissue.
[0028] In a further preferred embodiment, the non-woven fabric is
bioresorbable or/and biocompatible.
[0029] Biodegradable or bioresorbable polymers are for example
alginates from algae, natural polysaccharides like dextran, polymer
starch and cellulose from plants, animal polymers like collagen,
gelatin, chitin, casein, polydepsipeptides, bacterial polymers like
polyhydroxy ester, particularly polyhydroxybutyrates and
-valerates, synthetic polymers based on plant oils as for example
polylactic acid, polyglycol acid, polyamide and polyurethane, well
as polymers of fossile raw materials like
poly-.quadrature.-caprolactone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester,
polyethylene succinate and -oxalate, polyesteramide, and
polydioxanone.
[0030] Additionally insoluble substances can be dispersed into the
polymer matrix. Especially inorganic substances such as
hydroxylapatite or/and b-tricalcium phosphate particles showed to
be suitable for this purpose.
[0031] The fabrics according to the invention are non-woven
materials. These are preferably not compressed.
[0032] The diameter of the fibres can be established in a narrow
distribution by means of a rotational spin method as described in
EP 2 042 199. Fibres having a diameter of on average 0.1-500 .mu.m,
preferably from 3-300 .mu.m and even more preferably from 5-100
.mu.m can be produced, which fibres form a partial network with one
another. The narrow distribution of the diameter of the fibres
permits a homogeneous and stable structure of the non-woven fabric
without expensive additional bonding measures and at the same time
allows the controlled release of a bioactive substance like GDF-5
(which is homogenously distributed on or inside the fibres).
[0033] Some fibres could be twisted or interlaced with one another
or could have a twisted structure. The twistings or interlacings
additionally promote the strength and the stretching behaviour of
the non-woven fabric.
[0034] Some fibres could be interlaced with one another and could
form one or more fibre bundles. Through the interlacings of
individual fibres, these are combined into fibre bundles and could
be reversibly displaced relative to one another. As a result of
this, it is possible to stretch the non-woven fabric without
destruction. Due to the stretching the individual fibres are in
fact pulled and are displaced relative to other fibres. The
twistings and interlacings even promote the return of the fibres to
their position prior to stretching. The non-woven fabric therefore
shows high dimensional stability even in the wet state.
[0035] The fabrics could be modified, either by chemical means,
radiation or physical treatments such as dehydrothermal treatments
(DHT), in order to alter fabric characteristics. Such a
modification could involve crosslinking of the fibres or polymer in
order to control fabric features such as stability, degradation or
bioresorption.
[0036] The GDF-5-related protein may be homogeneously distributed
in the fibres. As a result of this, a gradual release of the
GDF-5-related protein with a long-lasting effect can be
established.
[0037] The GDF-5-related protein may be present in the fibres at
the nanoscale level. Nanoscale structures are understood as meaning
regions of any morphology which have dimensions in the nanometer
range, at least in one direction in space. As a result of this, the
GDF-5-related protein acquires high mobility. A GDF-5-related
protein present at the nanoscale level shows particularly high
reactivity. Furthermore, the non-woven fabric releases the
GDF-5-protein very easily to media which come into contact with it.
To this extent, the non-woven fabric is distinguished by a
high-release capacity with respect to the GDF-5-related
protein.
[0038] According to another embodiment of the invention, additional
GDF-5-related protein may be distributed on the fibres. This
permits spraying of a non-woven fabric with the GDF-5-related
protein in order to ensure fast release to the human body. It is
particularly preferred that the GDF-5-related protein is present
both in and on the fibres.
[0039] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the
GDF-5-related protein is incorporated into the non-woven fabric in
combination with suitable carriers, stabilizers or further
supplements as described herein below.
[0040] At least a part of the fibres may be in the form of
nanofibres. A non-woven fabric of this form can be made
particularly light and thin.
[0041] The non-woven fabric may have an open pore structure having
an air permeability between 0.01 and 100 l/min.times.cm.sup.2 this
parameter being determined according to DIN 9237. Such a non-woven
fabric is particularly suitable as dressing material since it
enables the skin to release moisture and to breathe.
[0042] The production of the inventive non-woven fabric is
preferably effected according to a rotational spin method as
described for example in EP 2 042 199. For the execution of the
rotational spin method, a device or a container is preferably used
as described in German Patent Application DE 102 005 048 939.
[0043] The non-woven fabrics of the invention including a
GDF-5-related protein are particularly suitable for use in the
medical sector since they are very readily modifiable with regard
to the fabric structure and material composition. Thus, another
embodiment of the present invention is a non-woven fabric,
preferably a wound dressing, wound pad or implant comprising a
non-woven fabric according to the invention.
[0044] In general, the fabric of the present invention can be
applied in all situations in which storage and/or delivery of the
above mentioned recombinant and wild-type GDF-5 forms in
combination with devices made of a non-woven fabric comprising
fibres of a fibre raw material comprising bioresorbable polymers
are useful. Thus, the present invention can be used to facilitate
the regeneration of various tissues and organs. For example, GDF-5
is considered to be a very effective promoter of bone and cartilage
formation as well as connective tissue formation (see for example
WO 95/04819, Witten et al. 1996, Growth Factors 13, 65-74; Storm et
al. 1994, Nature 368, 639-643; Chang et al. 1994, J. Biol. Chem.
269, 28227-28234) and formation of connective tissue attachment (EP
0 831 884). In this context, GDF-5 is useful for applications
concerning the joints between skeletal elements (see for example
Storm & Kingsley 1996, Development 122, 3969-3979). One example
for connective tissue is tendon and ligament (Wolfman et al. 1997,
J. Clin. Invest. 100, 321-330; Aspenberg & Forslund 1999, Acta
Orthop Scand 70, 51-54; WO 95/16035). The protein is helpful for
meniscus and spinal/intervertebral disk repair (Walsh et al. 2004,
Spine 29, 156-63) and spinal fusion applications (Spiro et al.
2000, Biochem Soc Trans. 28, 362-368). GDF-5 can be beneficially
applied in tooth (dental and periodontal) applications (see for
example WO 95/04819; WO 93/16099; Morotome et al. 1998, Biochem
Biophys Res Comm 244, 85-90) such as the regeneration of dentin or
periodontal ligament. GDF-5 is also useful in wound repair of any
kind. It is also beneficial for promoting tissue growth in the
neuronal system and survival of e.g. dopaminergic neurons. In this
context, GDF-5 can be used for treating neurodegenerative disorders
like e.g. Parkinson's disease and possibly also Alzheimer's disease
or Huntington chorea tissues (see for example WO 97/03188;
Krieglstein et al., (1995) J. Neurosci Res. 42, 724-732; Sullivan
et al., (1997) Neurosci Lett 233, 73-76; Sullivan et al. (1998),
Eur. J. Neurosci 10, 3681-3688). GDF-5 allows to maintain nervous
function or to retain nervous function in already damaged tissues.
GDF-5 is therefore considered to be a generally applicable
neurotrophic factor. It is also useful for diseases of the eye, in
particular retina, cornea and optic nerve (see for example WO
97/03188; You et al. (1999), Invest Opthalmol V is Sci 40,
296-311), for hair growth and the treatment and diagnosis of skin
related disorders (WO 02/076494; Battaglia et al. 2002, Trans.
Orthop. Res. Soc. 27, 584), and for induction of angiogenesis
(Yamashita et al. 1997, Exp. Cell Res. 235, 218-26).
[0045] As such, a preferred indication in which the present
invention can be applied is wound healing. The invention is
especially suited to facilitate the treatment of burns, skin
lesions, skin injuries or skin grafts, diabetic wounds and diabetic
ulcers, e. g. diabetic foot ulcer.
[0046] Further non-limiting examples in which the present invention
can be applied are the prevention or therapy of diseases associated
with bone and/or cartilage damage or affecting bone and/or
cartilage disease, or generally situations, in which cartilage
and/or bone formation is desirable or for spinal fusion, prevention
or therapy of damaged or diseased tissue associated with connective
tissue including tendon and/or ligament, periodontal or dental
tissue including dental implants, neural tissue including CNS
tissue and neuropathological situations, tissue of the sensory
system, liver, pancreas, cardiac, blood vessel, renal, uterine and
thyroid tissue, mucous membranes, endothelium, epithelium, for
promotion or induction of nerve growth, tissue regeneration,
angiogenesis, induction of proliferation of progenitor cells and/or
bone marrow cells, for maintenance of a state of proliferation or
differentiation for treatment or preservation of tissue or cells
for organ or tissue transplantation, for integrity of
gastrointestinal lining, for treatment of disturbances in
fertility, contraception or pregnancy. Diseases concerning sensory
organs like the eye are also to be included in the preferred
indication of the pharmaceutical composition according to the
invention. As neuronal diseases again Parkinson's and Alzheimer's
diseases can be mentioned as examples.
[0047] The biological activities of GDF-5-related proteins can be
easily determined with the help of established test systems. Most
useful and preferred is a common in vitro test known as alkaline
phosphatase (ALP) assay (Takuwa et al. 1989, Am. J. Physiol. 257,
E797-E803). GDF-5-related proteins have been demonstrated to
increase alkaline phosphatase activity i.e. in ROB-C26 cells
(Yamaguchi et al. 1991, Calcif. Tissue Int. 49, 221-225) as
described in WO95/04819, in embryonic ATDC5 cells (Riken Gene Bank,
ROB 0565), in mouse stromal MCHT-1/26 cells, and in HPDL cells as
shown in Nakamura et al. 2003, J. Periodontal Res. 38,597-605.
[0048] The concentrations of GDF-5-related proteins in the
compositions of the invention should be chosen in dependency on the
mode and period of application. Basically, GDF-5-related proteins
are highly potent cytokines which are capable of eliciting effects
even in exiguous quantities. As easily determinable with the help
of different biological assay systems such as i.e. the alkaline
phosphatase assay described herein, a concentration of 0.1 pg GDF-5
per ml of the respective solution is sufficient to cause biological
actions. Accordingly, low concentrations, i.e. ranging from 0.1
pg/ml to 1 ng/ml or less, are preferred if the compositions of the
invention are repeatedly administered. However, maximum effects are
achievable with higher growth factor concentrations of 1-100 ng/ml.
An independent dose response analysis of GDF-5 action utilizing a
wide range of serial dilutions (0.3-80 ng/ml, Farkas et al. 1997,
Neurosci. Lett. 236, 120-122) gave optimal results at a
concentration of 20 ng GDF-5 per ml. In vivo skin models commonly
use high doses of 1-10 .mu.g/ml. Therefore, in a preferred
embodiment of the invention, the compositions of the invention
contain GDF-5 related proteins in concentrations of between 0.1
pg/ml and 10 .mu.g/ml. Preferred total doses of GDF-5 related
proteins in case of one time administrations range from 10 ng to 10
.mu.g.
[0049] A further aspect of the invention relates to additional
ingredients and components disclosed herein.
[0050] In addition, the fabrics might comprise natural and
synthethic lipids. All kinds of natural and synthetic oils/lipids
can be used as long as they are biocompatible, for example
synthetic oils or saturated esters such as ethyl palmitate,
isopropyl palmitate, alkyl myristates such as those of isopropyl,
butyl and cetyl, hexyl stearate, triglycerides (i.e. of octanoic or
decanoic acids, medium chained tryglycerides such as Miglyol.RTM.
812), cetyl ricinoleate, stearyl octanoate (purcelllin oil) and
hydrogenated polyisobutene, or natural oils such as e.g.
cottonseed, soybean, sesame, sunflower, safflower, olive, avocado,
peanut, walnut, almond and hazelnut oil.
[0051] The fabrics might also comprise emulsifying agents, for
example phospholipids such as phosphatidylserine,
phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine, distilled
monoglycerides, mono- & diglycerides, acetic acid esters of
monoglycerides, organic esters of monoglycerides, sorbitan esters
of fatty acids, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids and
polyglycerol esters of fatty acids.
[0052] Other bioactive protein(s) in addition to GDF-5-related
proteins might also be part of the fabrics of the invention. It has
been shown that TGF-.beta. increases the size of regenerated dermis
and stabilizes the dermoepithelial junction (Fitzpatrick and Rosen,
J. Cosmet. Laser Ther, 5: 25-34 (2003)). A cocktail (TNS Recovery
Complex, SkinMedica, Inc. Carlsbad, Calif., USA) containing seven
cytokines (VEGF, IL-6 and -8, HGF, PDGF-a, GCSF, and TGF-.beta.1)
derived from neonatal foreskin fibroblasts was tested in a
multicenter study. Evaluation showed improvement in skin texture,
and decreased wrinkling (Rokhsar, C. K. et al., Dermatol. Surg. 31:
1166-1178 (2005)). Recombinant epidermal growth factor (ReVive
Skincare); and N-furfuryladenine (kinetin) plant growth factor are
also on the market. All these proteins may be used together with
the GDF-5-related proteins of the invention. Other proteins which
act synergistically if combined with GDF-5-related proteins are
disclosed in the literature/patents, i.e. in WO 99/15191. Preferred
are neurotrophins, hedgehog proteins and proteins of the
transforming growth factor family, including but not limited to
TGF-alpha's, TGF-beta's, activins, BMP's and GDF's. Especially
preferred is a combination with any one of EGF, TGF-.beta.1,
TGF-.beta.2, TGF-.beta.3, NGF and/or GDNF.
[0053] Other acceptable components in the fabrics are: [0054]
Retinoids (vitamin A derivatives) which preserve the integrity of
mucosal/epithelial surfaces; [0055] Hydroxy acids (organic
carboxylic acids further classified into alpha hydroxy acids (AHA)
and beta hydroxyl acid (BHA)) which enhance epidermal shedding,
i.e. glycolic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, mandelic acid, malic
acid, and tartaric acid; [0056] Antioxidants which counteract the
harmful effects of free radicals, i.e. vitamin C, vitamin E,
panthenol, lipoic acid, ubiquinone, niacinamide,
dimethylaminoethanol, spin traps, melatonin, catalase, glutathione,
superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glucpyranosides, polyphenols,
cysteine, allantoin, furfuryladenine, uric acid, and carnosine;
[0057] Depigmenting agents which alleviate hyperpigmentation, i.e.
N-acetyl-4-S-cysteanimylphenol, kojic acid, arbutin, azaleic acid,
paper-mulberry compound, chemical peeling agents (resorcinol,
salicylic acid), Kligman's formula, Pathak's formula, and Westerhof
s formula; [0058] Botanicals, i.e. chamomile, ginseng, Gingko
biloba, curcumin, glycyrrhizin, capsaicin, and aloe vera; [0059]
Glycosaminoglycans which support epidermal regeneration, i.e.
hyaluronic acid; [0060] Anticellulites which mediate lipolysis,
i.e. beta-adrenergic stimulators such as theobromine, theophylline,
aminophylline, caffeine, epinephrine and alphal-adrenergic
stimulators such as yohimbine, piperoxane, and phentolamine; [0061]
Hormones, i.e. estrogens, progesterone, testosterone, and growth
hormone; [0062] Antimicrobial agents, i.e. triclosan,
chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, hydrogen peroxide, antidandruff
preparations, zinc pyrithione; [0063] Chemical UV filters, i.e.
3-benzylidene camphor (3-BC) or 4-methylbenzylidene camphor
(4-MBC); [0064] Furthermore buffers, stabilizers, preservatives,
reducing agents, anti-oxidant chelating agents, agents that modify
isotonicity, deodorants, anaesthetics, adjuvants and
solubility-enhancing additives.
[0065] These are only non-limiting examples of possible additives,
and a worker skilled in the art may easily add other excipients
which are currently in use which are generally regarded as safe.
For more information about methods for formulating a pharmaceutical
composition and selection of pharmaceutically acceptable substances
please see i.e. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (luth ed.; Mack
Publishing Company, Eaton, Pa., 1990), Wang et al. (1980), J.
Parent. Drug Assn. 34 (6): 452-462 (1980); Wang et al. (1988), J.
Parent. Sci. and Tech. 42: 4-26; Lachman et al. (1968), Drug and
Cosmetic Industry 102(1): 36-38, 40 and 146-148; and Akers (1988)
J. Parent. Sci. and Tech. 36 (5): 222-228. Preferably between 1%
and 100% of the biologically active substance is eluted from the
non-woven fabric during 3 to 7 days in contact with body fluids,
plasma, media or buffer solution. Most preferably between 10% and
100% of the bioactive substance are released under physiological
conditions (PBS buffer, 10% Fetal Calf Serum, 37.degree. C.).
[0066] The following figures, examples and sequence protocols are
intended to further illustrate the invention.
[0067] SEQ ID NO: 1 shows the DNA sequence, and SEQ ID NO: 2 shows
the protein sequence of the human GDF-5 precursor.
[0068] SEQ ID NO: 3 shows the DNA sequence and SEQ ID NO: 4 shows
the protein sequence of the human mature monomeric GDF-5.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0069] The file of this application or patent contains at least one
drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent with color
drawings will be provided by the Patent and Trademark Office upon
request and payment of the necessary fee.
[0070] FIG. 1 shows additional features of the human GDF-5
precursor protein according to SEQ ID NO:2:
aa 001-381 pre-prodomain (bold letters) aa 001-027 signal peptide
(bold and underlined) aa 382-501 mature protein part aa 400-501
cystine-knot-domain (underlined)
[0071] FIG. 2 shows a comparison of the 102 aa cystine-knot domains
of human GDF-5 (SEQ ID NO:2), human GDF-6 (sequence 26 from U.S.
Pat. No. 5,658,882) and human GDF-7 (sequence 2 from U.S. Pat. No.
5,658,882). Amino acid residues which are identical in all three
molecules are highlighted by borders.
[0072] FIG. 3 shows a table with the sequence identities of
cystine-knot domains of several known BMPs and GDFs to the
cystine-knot-domain of human GDF-5.
[0073] FIG. 4 shows a microscope image of a gamma sterilized
gelatin/hyaluronic acid non-woven with rhGDF-5 (scale bar 200
.mu.m).
[0074] FIG. 5: shows a microscope image of a gamma sterilized
gelatin/hydroxylapatie non-woven (scale bar 200 .mu.m).
[0075] FIG. 6 shows the biological activity of GDF-5 released from
fast release non-woven materials gelatin, gelatin/hyaluronic acid
and gelatin/collagen I. Biological activity of GDF-5 was measured
using an alkaline phosphatase activity assay on mouse stromal
MCHT1/26 cells as described in example 1. MCHT1/26 cells were
stimulated with 4.8-1200 ng/ml of GDF-5 dissolved in 10 mM HCl
(standard curve).
[0076] The GDF-5 release from the non-woven materials were analysed
by placing the non-wovens directly on MCHT1/26 cells and in
parallel with conditioned medium, produced by GDF-5 release in cell
culture medium for 3 days at 37.degree. C. ALP activity was
measured by the conversion of p-nitrophenolphosphate to
p-nitrophenolate at 405 nM. The data are average values of three
independent measurements.
[0077] The attached table shows the calculated concentrations of
released GDF-5 (ng/ml) from the corresponding non-wovens and the
GDF-5 recovery given in %. For the calculation it was assumed, that
2 .mu.g GDF-5 coated on non-wovens were completely released in 160
.mu.l cell culture medium, this corresponds to a GDF-5
concentration of 12500 ng/ml (100% release value for the assay with
non-wovens directly tested on the cells). In case of the
quantification of the conditioned medium on the cells, 40 .mu.l
release cell culture medium corresponds to a GDF-5 concentration of
2500 ng/ml (100% release value for the assay with conditioned cell
culture medium tested on the cells).
[0078] FIG. 7 shows the biological activity of GDF-5 released from
slow release non-woven materials polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene
oxide and gelatin/hydroxylapatite. Biological activity of GDF-5 was
measured using an alkaline phosphatase activity assay on mouse
stromal MCHT1/26 cells as described in example 1. MCHT1/26 cells
were stimulated with 4.8-1200 ng/ml of GDF-5 dissolved in 10 mM HCl
(standard curve).
[0079] The GDF-5 release from the non-woven materials were analysed
by placing the non-wovens directly on MCHT1/26 cells and in
parallel with conditioned medium, produced by GDF-5 release in cell
culture medium for 3 days at 37.degree. C. ALP activity was
measured by the conversion of p-nitrophenolphosphate to
p-nitrophenolate at 405 nM. The data are average values of three
independent measurements.
[0080] The attached table shows the calculated concentrations of
released GDF-5 (ng/ml) from the corresponding non-wovens and the
GDF-5 recovery given in %. For the calculation it was assumed, that
2 .mu.g GDF-5 were completely released from the non-woven in 160
.mu.l cell culture medium, this corresponds to a GDF-5
concentration of 12500 ng/ml (100% release value for the assay with
non-wovens directly tested on the cells). In case of the
quantification of the conditioned medium on the cells, 40 .mu.l
release cell culture medium corresponds to a GDF-5 concentration of
2500 ng/ml (100% release value for the assay with conditioned cell
culture medium tested on the cells).
[0081] FIG. 8 shows the biological activity and recovery of GDF-5
released from non-woven materials before and after sterilization by
gamma irradiation. Biological activity was measured using an
alkaline phosphatase activity assay on mouse stromal MCHT1/26
cells. The recovery of released GDF-5 from non-wovens was
quantified by GDF-5 specific sandwich ELISA. The GDF-5 release from
the non-woven materials were analysed by placing non-wovens in cell
culture medium for 24 hours at 37.degree. C. An equal amount of
GDF-5 without non-woven material was incubated in cell culture
medium under identical conditions and served as positive control.
ALP activity was measured by the conversion of
p-nitrophenolphosphate to p-nitrophenolate at 405 nm. The data are
average values of at least three independent measurements. For the
ELISA, recovery of GDF-5 was quantified by the amount of bound
strepatavidin-horseradish-peroxidase to the biotinylated secondary
antibody. Detection was carried out by enzymatic conversion of the
substrate tetramethylbenzidine dihydrochloride, followed by
photometry at 450 nm.
[0082] The table shows the calculated biological activity, measured
by ALP activity assay, given in % (the OD value of the positive
control was set to 100%). For the ELISA data, the table shows the
GDF-5 recovery from the non-woven material given in %. For the
calculation it was assumed that, that 200 ng GDF-5 incorporated
into the non-woven material were completely released in 200 .mu.l
cell culture medium, this corresponds to a GDF-5 concentration of
1000 ng/ml (100% value).
[0083] FIG. 9 shows the results of a stability study of sterilized
GDF-5 incorporated into non-wovens stored at room temperature,
4.degree. C., and -80.degree. C. for a time period of 1 day up to 3
month. Day 0 is starting point of the stability study. The
stability of GDF-5 was investigated by measuring the recovery of
GDF-5 released from sterilized non-wovens by GDF-5 specific
sandwich ELISA. The GDF-5 release from the non-woven materials was
analysed by placing non-wovens in cell culture medium for 24 hours
at 37.degree. C. A defined amount of release medium was transferred
to the ELSIA system, where the recovery of GDF-5 was quantified by
the amount of bound strepatavidin-horseradish-peroxidase to the
biotinylated secondary antibody. Detection was carried out by
enzymatic conversion of the substrate tetramethylbenzidine
dihydrochloride, followed by photometry at 450 nm. The table shows
the GDF-5 recovery from non-woven material given in %, calculated
from released GDF-5.
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Non-Wovens Showing Fast GDF-5 Release Profile
[0084] Non-wovens showing fast GDF-5 release consisting of pure
gelatin, gelatin and hyaluronic acid, or gelatin and collagen I,
were produced as follows:
[0085] A 22.5% (w/w) aqueous solution of type A PIGSKIN gelatin
(Gelita AG, Eberbach, Germany) was prepared by mixing gelatin and
water. This mixture was kept for one hour at room temperature in
order to swell. Thereafter, the gelatin solution was treated for
one hour with ultrasonic at 60.degree. C. and heated to 80.degree.
C. The solution remained at 80.degree. C. for 2 hours and again was
cooled to 60.degree. C. Dependent on the desired non-woven
composition, 12.5% (weight per weight gelatin) hyaluronic acid
(cristalhyal, Soliance, France) or collagen I gel (DM04, Devro
Medical, Australia) were mixed into the solution and stirred with a
spatula for one minute in order to dissolve or disperse. The
gelatin based solution was fed by a syringe pump into the spinning
device described in DE 10 2005 048 939 A.
In the case of incorporation of the growth factor into the
filaments, GDF-5 solution (1200 .mu.g/ml 5 mM sodium acetate
buffer) was mixed into the solution directly before entering the
container of the spinning device. The container was heated to
50.degree. C. and rotated at 3500 rpm. Due to centripetal force the
liquid material was ejected as liquid jets from the orifices and
fibres were formed. These fibres were stretched by a suction
mechanism underneath the container of the spinning device and
collected as non-woven. The non-wovens were collected and punched
to the final sample size (3.times.3 mm). Non-woven samples showing
fast GDF-5 releases were obtained, which afterwards were gamma
sterilized (irradiation dose 25 kGy).
[0086] The GDF-5 release from the non-woven samples was measured
using a GDF-5 sensitive alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay
on mouse stromal MCHT1/26 cells (Hoechst Japan Ltd., Kawagoe,
Japan). The release properties and cell compatibility of the
non-woven materials were tested a) directly on the cells and b)
with conditioned medium. For the production of conditioned medium,
non-woven samples were incubated for three days at 37.degree. C.,
5% CO.sub.2 in 200 .mu.l cell culture medium (alpha-MEM
supplemented by 2 mM L-glutamine and 10% fetal calf serum) without
cells. After the incubation period the conditioned medium and the
non-woven samples were analyzed on MCHT1/26 cells.
[0087] MCHT1/26 cells were plated at 4.5.times.10.sup.3 cells per
well in 96-multiwell plates in cell culture medium (alpha-MEM,
(Sigma, Taufkirchen, Germany) supplemented by 2 mM L-glutamine,
(Invitrogen, Karlsruhe, Germany) and 10% fetal calf serum
(Invitrogen, Karlsruhe, Germany). After 24 h, cells were incubated
with 40 .mu.l conditioned release medium supplemented with 120
.mu.l fresh cell culture medium. In parallel non-woven samples were
placed directly on cells with 160 .mu.l cell culture medium. After
72 h, cells were washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and
extracted with alkaline phosphate buffer 1, containing 1% Nonidet
P40, 0.1 M glycine pH 9.6 (Sigma, Taufkirchen, Germany), 1 mM
MgCl.sub.2 and 1 mM ZnCl.sub.2 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). To
achieve thorough cell lysis, cells were incubated 15-18 h at
37.degree. C. Alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity was assayed with
10 mM p-nitrophenylphosphate (Pierce, Bonn, Germany) as a substrate
in 0.1 M glycine pH 9.6, 1 mM MgCl.sub.2 and 1 mM ZnCl.sub.2. After
30 min incubation at 37.degree. C., the absorbance was measured
with an automatic microplate reader (Tecan Spectra Rainbow, TECAN,
Crailsheim, Germany) at 405 nM under consideration of blank value
subtraction. The results are shown in FIG. 6.
[0088] All non-woven samples were well tolerated by the marker cell
line MCHT1/26. Non-wovens with GDF-5 showed fast release with
gelatin material, of 22% when non-woven samples were directly
placed on cells and 10% for conditioned medium. For the non-woven
combination gelatin/hyaluronic acid GDF-5 release directly on the
cells was 36%, with conditioned medium the release was 32%. For the
non-woven combination gelatin/collagen I, GDF-5 release directly on
the cells was 54%, with conditioned medium the release was 55%.
[0089] Such samples showing fast GDF-5 release may be used for
wound healing, neuroprotection and angiogenesis, as high doses of
the active growth factor are released into the wound environment
during the first three days.
Example 2: Non-Wovens Showing Slow GDF-5 Release Profile
[0090] Non-wovens showing a slow GDF-5 release consisting of
polyvinylpyrrolidone (A.), polyethylene oxide (B.) or gelatin and
hydroxylapatite (C.) were produced as follows.
[0091] Firstly, the liquid precursor solutions were prepared.
[0092] A.) 40 g polyvinylpyrrolidone (Kollidon F 90, BASF AG.,
Germany) were filled into a beaker and a magnetic stirrer and 160 g
water added. Thereafter, the mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 24 h and heated to 80.degree. C. Finally the
solution was treated for one hour with ultrasonic before it was
cooled back to 60.degree. C. [0093] B.) 15 g polyethylene oxide
(molecular weight 1000 kDa, BASF AG., Germany) was dissolved in 185
g water at room temperature and heated to 60.degree. C. [0094] C.)
A 22.5% (w/w) aqueous solution of type A PIGSKIN gelatin was
prepared by mixing gelatin and water. This mixture is kept for one
hour at room temperature in order to swell. Thereafter, the gelatin
solution was treated for one hour with ultrasonic at 60.degree. C.
2.5% hydroxylapatite nanoparticles (product number 677418,
Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Germany) (weight per weight gelatin)
were mixed into the solution using a spatula. Afterwards, the
mixture was heated to 80.degree. C. and remained for 2 hours at
this temperature before it was again cooled to 60.degree. C.
[0095] The solutions or dispersions were fed by a syringe pump into
the spinning device described in DE 10 2005 048 939 A. In the case
of incorporation of the growth factor into the filaments, GDF-5
solution (1200 .mu.g/ml 5 mM sodium acetate buffer) was mixed into
the solution directly before entering the container of the spinning
device. The container was heated to 60.degree. C. and rotated at
4500 rpm. Due to centripetal force the liquid material was ejected
as liquid jets from the orifices and fibres are formed. These
fibres were stretched by a suction mechanism underneath the
container of the spinning device and collected as non-woven. The
non-wovens were collected and punched to the size of 3.times.3 mm.
Non-woven samples showing slow GDF-5 releases were obtained, which
afterwards were gamma sterilized (irradiation dose 25 kGy).
[0096] The measuring of non-woven samples with GDF-5 was performed
as described in example 1. The GDF-5 release from the non-woven
samples was measured using an alkaline phosphatase activity assay
on mouse stromal MCHT1/26 cells. The release properties and cell
compatibility of the non-woven prototypes were tested a) directly
on the cells and b) with conditioned medium. The results for the
slow release non-woven samples polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene
oxide and gelatin/hydroxylapatite are shown in FIG. 7.
[0097] Non-wovens with GDF-5 showed slow release with
polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) of 1% when non-woven samples were
directly placed on cells and 12% for conditioned medium. For the
non-woven material polyethylene oxide (PEO) GDF-5 release directly
on the cells was 1%, with conditioned medium the release was 6%.
For the non-woven combination gelatin/hydroxylapatite, GDF-5
release directly on the cells was 5%, with conditioned medium the
release was 19%.
[0098] Such samples showing slow GDF-5 release may be used for bone
or cartilage regeneration as only small amounts of the active
growth factor are released during the first three days.
Example 3: Non-Woven Technology Protects Incorporated GDF-5 from
Destabilizing Sterilization Conditions
[0099] The influence of sterilization on the stability of
incorporated GDF-5 into non-woven material was investigated.
Therefore, the recovery and the biological activity of GDF-5
incorporated in non-wovens were tested before and after the
sterilization process. For this purpose, non-wovens with
incorporated GDF-5 were produced as described in example 1. In
brief, a GDF-5 solution of 200 pg/ml 5 mM sodium acetate buffer was
mixed into a gelatine/collagen I mixture, giving non-wovens of 200
ng GDF-5/3.times.3 mm. The non-wovens were punched to a sample size
of 3.times.3 mm and were gamma sterilized (irradiation dose 25
kGy).
[0100] The recovery of released GDF-5 from the non-wovens was
quantified by ELISA and the biological activity of GDF-5 was by
measured by the induction of alkaline phosphatase (ALP activity
asay).
[0101] The measurement of the GDF-5 bioactivity of the
non-sterilized and sterilized non-wovens, using the ALP assay is
described in example 1. The amount of GDF-5 released from
non-wovens before and after sterilization was performed as follows:
Non-wovens with incorporated GDF-5 were incubated for 24 hours at
37.degree. C., 5% CO.sub.2 in 200 .mu.l cell culture medium
(alpha-MEM supplemented by 2 mM L-glutamine and 10% fetal calf
serum). As a positive control, 200 ng GDF-5 without non-woven
material were incubated under identical conditions. After the
incubation period the release medium and the positive control were
diluted 1:2500 and 1:4000 and were transferred to a GDF-5 specific
sandwich ELISA (Biopharm, Heidelberg, Germany) The ELISA is based
on two monoclonal antibodies to GDF-5. The enzyme
streptavidin-horseradish-peroxidase was bound to the biotinylated
secondary antibody. Detection was carried out by enzymatic
conversion of the substrate tetramethylbenzidine dihydrochloride,
which was determined by photometry at 450 nm. The release samples
with GDF-5 and the positive control were quantified by using a test
series of GDF-5 standards ranging from 50 to 500 pg/mL. The results
are shown in FIG. 8.
[0102] After gamma sterilization (irradiation dose 25 kGy) of
non-wovens with incorporated GDF-5 more than 95% of GDF-5 was
biological active, demonstrated by ALP activity assay on MCHT1/26
cells. Furthermore, the recovery of incorporated GDF-5 from
non-woven material after sterilization was 95%, quantified by GDF-5
specific ELISA method.
Example 4: GDF-5 Incorporated in Non-Wovens Shows Long Term
Stability at Low and High Storage Temperatures
[0103] The influence of storage duration and storage temperature on
the stability of incorporated GDF-5 into non-woven material was
investigated. Non-wovens with incorporated GDF-5 were stored at
room temperature, 4.degree. C., and -80.degree. C. for a time
period up to 3 months.
[0104] In order to test the stability of GDF-5 incorporated in
non-wovens, non-woven samples were prepared on day 0 and were
stored at room temperature, 4.degree. C., and -80.degree. C. After
a storage period of 1 day, 3 days, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 3 months
the samples of the respective temperature conditions were analysed
for stability by ELISA method.
[0105] The non-wovens with incorporated GDF-5 were produced as
described in example 1. In brief, a GDF-5 solution of 200 pg/ml 5
mM sodium acetate buffer was mixed into a gelatin/collagen I
mixture, giving non-wovens of 200 ng GDF-5/3.times.3 mm. The
non-wovens were punched to a sample size of 3.times.3 mm and were
gamma sterilized (irradiation dose 25 kGy). The stability of GDF-5
was analysed by measuring the recovery of released active GDF-5
from the non-wovens into cell culture medium. Non-wovens with
incorporated GDF-5 were incubated for 24 hours at 37.degree. C., 5%
CO.sub.2 in 200 .mu.l cell culture medium (alpha-MEM supplemented
by 2 mM L-glutamine and 10% fetal calf serum). After the incubation
period the release medium was diluted 1:2500 and 1:4000 and was
transferred to a GDF-5 specific sandwich ELISA (Biopharm,
Heidelberg, Germany). The release samples with GDF-5 were
quantified by using a test series of GDF-5 standards ranging from
50 to 500 pg/ml. The results for the ELISA are shown in FIG. 9.
[0106] The recovery of GDF-5 from sterilized non-wovens on day 0
(starting point of the stability study) was greater 90%. The
stability of GDF-5 incorporated in non-wovens was almost identical
for the investigated temperature conditions (room temperature,
4.degree. C. and -80.degree. C.). After a storage period of 3
months at room temperature no loss of stability could be observed.
Sequence CWU 1
1
612703DNAhomo sapiensCDS(640)..(2142)GDF-5 precursor 1ccatggcctc
gaaagggcag cggtgatttt tttcacataa atatatcgca cttaaatgag 60tttagacagc
atgacatcag agagtaatta aattggtttg ggttggaatt ccgtttccaa
120ttcctgagtt caggtttgta aaagattttt ctgagcacct gcaggcctgt
gagtgtgtgt 180gtgtgtgtgt gtgtgtgtgt gtgtgtgtga agtattttca
ctggaaagga ttcaaaacta 240gggggaaaaa aaaactggag cacacaggca
gcattacgcc attcttcctt cttggaaaaa 300tccctcagcc ttatacaagc
ctccttcaag ccctcagtca gttgtgcagg agaaaggggg 360cggttggctt
tctcctttca agaacgagtt attttcagct gctgactgga gacggtgcac
420gtctggatac gagagcattt ccactatggg actggataca aacacacacc
cggcagactt 480caagagtctc agactgagga gaaagccttt ccttctgctg
ctactgctgc tgccgctgct 540tttgaaagtc cactcctttc atggtttttc
ctgccaaacc agaggcacct ttgctgctgc 600cgctgttctc tttggtgtca
ttcagcggct ggccagagg atg aga ctc ccc aaa 654 Met Arg Leu Pro Lys 1
5 ctc ctc act ttc ttg ctt tgg tac ctg gct tgg ctg gac ctg gaa ttc
702Leu Leu Thr Phe Leu Leu Trp Tyr Leu Ala Trp Leu Asp Leu Glu Phe
10 15 20 atc tgc act gtg ttg ggt gcc cct gac ttg ggc cag aga ccc
cag ggg 750Ile Cys Thr Val Leu Gly Ala Pro Asp Leu Gly Gln Arg Pro
Gln Gly 25 30 35 acc agg cca gga ttg gcc aaa gca gag gcc aag gag
agg ccc ccc ctg 798Thr Arg Pro Gly Leu Ala Lys Ala Glu Ala Lys Glu
Arg Pro Pro Leu 40 45 50 gcc cgg aac gtc ttc agg cca ggg ggt cac
agc tat ggt ggg ggg gcc 846Ala Arg Asn Val Phe Arg Pro Gly Gly His
Ser Tyr Gly Gly Gly Ala 55 60 65 acc aat gcc aat gcc agg gca aag
gga ggc acc ggg cag aca gga ggc 894Thr Asn Ala Asn Ala Arg Ala Lys
Gly Gly Thr Gly Gln Thr Gly Gly 70 75 80 85 ctg aca cag ccc aag aag
gat gaa ccc aaa aag ctg ccc ccc aga ccg 942Leu Thr Gln Pro Lys Lys
Asp Glu Pro Lys Lys Leu Pro Pro Arg Pro 90 95 100 ggc ggc cct gaa
ccc aag cca gga cac cct ccc caa aca agg cag gct 990Gly Gly Pro Glu
Pro Lys Pro Gly His Pro Pro Gln Thr Arg Gln Ala 105 110 115 aca gcc
cgg act gtg acc cca aaa gga cag ctt ccc gga ggc aag gca 1038Thr Ala
Arg Thr Val Thr Pro Lys Gly Gln Leu Pro Gly Gly Lys Ala 120 125 130
ccc cca aaa gca gga tct gtc ccc agc tcc ttc ctg ctg aag aag gcc
1086Pro Pro Lys Ala Gly Ser Val Pro Ser Ser Phe Leu Leu Lys Lys Ala
135 140 145 agg gag ccc ggg ccc cca cga gag ccc aag gag ccg ttt cgc
cca ccc 1134Arg Glu Pro Gly Pro Pro Arg Glu Pro Lys Glu Pro Phe Arg
Pro Pro 150 155 160 165 ccc atc aca ccc cac gag tac atg ctc tcg ctg
tac agg acg ctg tcc 1182Pro Ile Thr Pro His Glu Tyr Met Leu Ser Leu
Tyr Arg Thr Leu Ser 170 175 180 gat gct gac aga aag gga ggc aac agc
agc gtg aag ttg gag gct ggc 1230Asp Ala Asp Arg Lys Gly Gly Asn Ser
Ser Val Lys Leu Glu Ala Gly 185 190 195 ctg gcc aac acc atc acc agc
ttt att gac aaa ggg caa gat gac cga 1278Leu Ala Asn Thr Ile Thr Ser
Phe Ile Asp Lys Gly Gln Asp Asp Arg 200 205 210 ggt ccc gtg gtc agg
aag cag agg tac gtg ttt gac att agt gcc ctg 1326Gly Pro Val Val Arg
Lys Gln Arg Tyr Val Phe Asp Ile Ser Ala Leu 215 220 225 gag aag gat
ggg ctg ctg ggg gcc gag ctg cgg atc ttg cgg aag aag 1374Glu Lys Asp
Gly Leu Leu Gly Ala Glu Leu Arg Ile Leu Arg Lys Lys 230 235 240 245
ccc tcg gac acg gcc aag cca gcg gcc ccc gga ggc ggg cgg gct gcc
1422Pro Ser Asp Thr Ala Lys Pro Ala Ala Pro Gly Gly Gly Arg Ala Ala
250 255 260 cag ctg aag ctg tcc agc tgc ccc agc ggc cgg cag ccg gcc
tcc ttg 1470Gln Leu Lys Leu Ser Ser Cys Pro Ser Gly Arg Gln Pro Ala
Ser Leu 265 270 275 ctg gat gtg cgc tcc gtg cca ggc ctg gac gga tct
ggc tgg gag gtg 1518Leu Asp Val Arg Ser Val Pro Gly Leu Asp Gly Ser
Gly Trp Glu Val 280 285 290 ttc gac atc tgg aag ctc ttc cga aac ttt
aag aac tcg gcc cag ctg 1566Phe Asp Ile Trp Lys Leu Phe Arg Asn Phe
Lys Asn Ser Ala Gln Leu 295 300 305 tgc ctg gag ctg gag gcc tgg gaa
cgg ggc agg gcc gtg gac ctc cgt 1614Cys Leu Glu Leu Glu Ala Trp Glu
Arg Gly Arg Ala Val Asp Leu Arg 310 315 320 325 ggc ctg ggc ttc gac
cgc gcc gcc cgg cag gtc cac gag aag gcc ctg 1662Gly Leu Gly Phe Asp
Arg Ala Ala Arg Gln Val His Glu Lys Ala Leu 330 335 340 ttc ctg gtg
ttt ggc cgc acc aag aaa cgg gac ctg ttc ttt aat gag 1710Phe Leu Val
Phe Gly Arg Thr Lys Lys Arg Asp Leu Phe Phe Asn Glu 345 350 355 att
aag gcc cgc tct ggc cag gac gat aag acc gtg tat gag tac ctg 1758Ile
Lys Ala Arg Ser Gly Gln Asp Asp Lys Thr Val Tyr Glu Tyr Leu 360 365
370 ttc agc cag cgg cga aaa cgg cgg gcc cca ctg gcc act cgc cag ggc
1806Phe Ser Gln Arg Arg Lys Arg Arg Ala Pro Leu Ala Thr Arg Gln Gly
375 380 385 aag cga ccc agc aag aac ctt aag gct cgc tgc agt cgg aag
gca ctg 1854Lys Arg Pro Ser Lys Asn Leu Lys Ala Arg Cys Ser Arg Lys
Ala Leu 390 395 400 405 cat gtc aac ttc aag gac atg ggc tgg gac gac
tgg atc atc gca ccc 1902His Val Asn Phe Lys Asp Met Gly Trp Asp Asp
Trp Ile Ile Ala Pro 410 415 420 ctt gag tac gag gct ttc cac tgc gag
ggg ctg tgc gag ttc cca ttg 1950Leu Glu Tyr Glu Ala Phe His Cys Glu
Gly Leu Cys Glu Phe Pro Leu 425 430 435 cgc tcc cac ctg gag ccc acg
aat cat gca gtc atc cag acc ctg atg 1998Arg Ser His Leu Glu Pro Thr
Asn His Ala Val Ile Gln Thr Leu Met 440 445 450 aac tcc atg gac ccc
gag tcc aca cca ccc acc tgc tgt gtg ccc acg 2046Asn Ser Met Asp Pro
Glu Ser Thr Pro Pro Thr Cys Cys Val Pro Thr 455 460 465 cgg ctg agt
ccc atc agc atc ctc ttc att gac tct gcc aac aac gtg 2094Arg Leu Ser
Pro Ile Ser Ile Leu Phe Ile Asp Ser Ala Asn Asn Val 470 475 480 485
gtg tat aag cag tat gag gac atg gtc gtg gag tcg tgt ggc tgc agg
2142Val Tyr Lys Gln Tyr Glu Asp Met Val Val Glu Ser Cys Gly Cys Arg
490 495 500 tagcagcact ggccctctgt cttcctgggt ggcacatccc aagagcccct
tcctgcactc 2202ctggaatcac agaggggtca ggaagctgtg gcaggagcat
ctacacagct tgggtgaaag 2262gggattccaa taagcttgct cgctctctga
gtgtgacttg ggctaaaggc ccccttttat 2322ccacaagttc ccctggctga
ggattgctgc ccgtctgctg atgtgaccag tggcaggcac 2382aggtccaggg
agacagactc tgaatgggac tgagtcccag gaaacagtgc tttccgatga
2442gactcagccc accatttctc ctcacctggg ccttctcagc ctctggactc
tcctaagcac 2502ctctcaggag agccacaggt gccactgcct cctcaaatca
catttgtgcc tggtgacttc 2562ctgtccctgg gacagttgag aagctgactg
ggcaagagtg ggagagaaga ggagagggct 2622tggatagagt tgaggagtgt
gaggctgtta gactgttaga tttaaatgta tattgatgag 2682ataaaaagca
aaactgtgcc t 27032501PRThomo sapiens 2Met Arg Leu Pro Lys Leu Leu
Thr Phe Leu Leu Trp Tyr Leu Ala Trp 1 5 10 15 Leu Asp Leu Glu Phe
Ile Cys Thr Val Leu Gly Ala Pro Asp Leu Gly 20 25 30 Gln Arg Pro
Gln Gly Thr Arg Pro Gly Leu Ala Lys Ala Glu Ala Lys 35 40 45 Glu
Arg Pro Pro Leu Ala Arg Asn Val Phe Arg Pro Gly Gly His Ser 50 55
60 Tyr Gly Gly Gly Ala Thr Asn Ala Asn Ala Arg Ala Lys Gly Gly Thr
65 70 75 80 Gly Gln Thr Gly Gly Leu Thr Gln Pro Lys Lys Asp Glu Pro
Lys Lys 85 90 95 Leu Pro Pro Arg Pro Gly Gly Pro Glu Pro Lys Pro
Gly His Pro Pro 100 105 110 Gln Thr Arg Gln Ala Thr Ala Arg Thr Val
Thr Pro Lys Gly Gln Leu 115 120 125 Pro Gly Gly Lys Ala Pro Pro Lys
Ala Gly Ser Val Pro Ser Ser Phe 130 135 140 Leu Leu Lys Lys Ala Arg
Glu Pro Gly Pro Pro Arg Glu Pro Lys Glu 145 150 155 160 Pro Phe Arg
Pro Pro Pro Ile Thr Pro His Glu Tyr Met Leu Ser Leu 165 170 175 Tyr
Arg Thr Leu Ser Asp Ala Asp Arg Lys Gly Gly Asn Ser Ser Val 180 185
190 Lys Leu Glu Ala Gly Leu Ala Asn Thr Ile Thr Ser Phe Ile Asp Lys
195 200 205 Gly Gln Asp Asp Arg Gly Pro Val Val Arg Lys Gln Arg Tyr
Val Phe 210 215 220 Asp Ile Ser Ala Leu Glu Lys Asp Gly Leu Leu Gly
Ala Glu Leu Arg 225 230 235 240 Ile Leu Arg Lys Lys Pro Ser Asp Thr
Ala Lys Pro Ala Ala Pro Gly 245 250 255 Gly Gly Arg Ala Ala Gln Leu
Lys Leu Ser Ser Cys Pro Ser Gly Arg 260 265 270 Gln Pro Ala Ser Leu
Leu Asp Val Arg Ser Val Pro Gly Leu Asp Gly 275 280 285 Ser Gly Trp
Glu Val Phe Asp Ile Trp Lys Leu Phe Arg Asn Phe Lys 290 295 300 Asn
Ser Ala Gln Leu Cys Leu Glu Leu Glu Ala Trp Glu Arg Gly Arg 305 310
315 320 Ala Val Asp Leu Arg Gly Leu Gly Phe Asp Arg Ala Ala Arg Gln
Val 325 330 335 His Glu Lys Ala Leu Phe Leu Val Phe Gly Arg Thr Lys
Lys Arg Asp 340 345 350 Leu Phe Phe Asn Glu Ile Lys Ala Arg Ser Gly
Gln Asp Asp Lys Thr 355 360 365 Val Tyr Glu Tyr Leu Phe Ser Gln Arg
Arg Lys Arg Arg Ala Pro Leu 370 375 380 Ala Thr Arg Gln Gly Lys Arg
Pro Ser Lys Asn Leu Lys Ala Arg Cys 385 390 395 400 Ser Arg Lys Ala
Leu His Val Asn Phe Lys Asp Met Gly Trp Asp Asp 405 410 415 Trp Ile
Ile Ala Pro Leu Glu Tyr Glu Ala Phe His Cys Glu Gly Leu 420 425 430
Cys Glu Phe Pro Leu Arg Ser His Leu Glu Pro Thr Asn His Ala Val 435
440 445 Ile Gln Thr Leu Met Asn Ser Met Asp Pro Glu Ser Thr Pro Pro
Thr 450 455 460 Cys Cys Val Pro Thr Arg Leu Ser Pro Ile Ser Ile Leu
Phe Ile Asp 465 470 475 480 Ser Ala Asn Asn Val Val Tyr Lys Gln Tyr
Glu Asp Met Val Val Glu 485 490 495 Ser Cys Gly Cys Arg 500
3360DNAHomo sapiensCDS(1)..(360)human mature monomeric GDF-5 3gca
cca cta gca act cgt cag ggc aag cga ccc agc aag aac ctt aag 48Ala
Pro Leu Ala Thr Arg Gln Gly Lys Arg Pro Ser Lys Asn Leu Lys 1 5 10
15 gct cgc tgc agt cgg aag gca ctg cat gtc aac ttc aag gac atg ggc
96Ala Arg Cys Ser Arg Lys Ala Leu His Val Asn Phe Lys Asp Met Gly
20 25 30 tgg gac gac tgg atc atc gca ccc ctt gag tac gag gct ttc
cac tgc 144Trp Asp Asp Trp Ile Ile Ala Pro Leu Glu Tyr Glu Ala Phe
His Cys 35 40 45 gag ggg ctg tgc gag ttc cca ttg cgc tcc cac ctg
gag ccc acg aat 192Glu Gly Leu Cys Glu Phe Pro Leu Arg Ser His Leu
Glu Pro Thr Asn 50 55 60 cat gca gtc atc cag acc ctg atg aac tcc
atg gac ccc gag tcc aca 240His Ala Val Ile Gln Thr Leu Met Asn Ser
Met Asp Pro Glu Ser Thr 65 70 75 80 cca ccc acc gcc tgt gtg ccc acg
cga ctg agt ccc atc agc atc ctc 288Pro Pro Thr Ala Cys Val Pro Thr
Arg Leu Ser Pro Ile Ser Ile Leu 85 90 95 ttc att gac tct gcc aac
aac gtg gtg tat aag cag tat gag gac atg 336Phe Ile Asp Ser Ala Asn
Asn Val Val Tyr Lys Gln Tyr Glu Asp Met 100 105 110 gtc gtg gag tcg
tgt ggc tgt agg 360Val Val Glu Ser Cys Gly Cys Arg 115 120
4120PRTHomo sapiens 4Ala Pro Leu Ala Thr Arg Gln Gly Lys Arg Pro
Ser Lys Asn Leu Lys 1 5 10 15 Ala Arg Cys Ser Arg Lys Ala Leu His
Val Asn Phe Lys Asp Met Gly 20 25 30 Trp Asp Asp Trp Ile Ile Ala
Pro Leu Glu Tyr Glu Ala Phe His Cys 35 40 45 Glu Gly Leu Cys Glu
Phe Pro Leu Arg Ser His Leu Glu Pro Thr Asn 50 55 60 His Ala Val
Ile Gln Thr Leu Met Asn Ser Met Asp Pro Glu Ser Thr 65 70 75 80 Pro
Pro Thr Ala Cys Val Pro Thr Arg Leu Ser Pro Ile Ser Ile Leu 85 90
95 Phe Ile Asp Ser Ala Asn Asn Val Val Tyr Lys Gln Tyr Glu Asp Met
100 105 110 Val Val Glu Ser Cys Gly Cys Arg 115 120 5102PRTHomo
sapiensMISC_FEATUREcystine-knot domain of GDF-6 5Cys Ser Lys Lys
Pro Leu His Val Asn Phe Lys Glu Leu Gly Trp Asp 1 5 10 15 Asp Trp
Ile Ile Ala Pro Leu Glu Tyr Glu Ala Tyr His Cys Glu Gly 20 25 30
Val Cys Asp Phe Pro Leu Arg Ser His Leu Glu Pro Thr Asn His Ala 35
40 45 Ile Ile Gln Thr Leu Met Asn Ser Met Asp Pro Gly Ser Thr Pro
Pro 50 55 60 Ser Cys Cys Val Pro Thr Lys Leu Thr Pro Ile Ser Ile
Leu Tyr Ile 65 70 75 80 Asp Ala Gly Asn Asn Val Val Tyr Lys Gln Tyr
Glu Asp Met Val Val 85 90 95 Glu Ser Cys Gly Cys Arg 100
6102PRTHomo sapiensMISC_FEATUREcystine-knot domain of GDF-7 6Cys
Ser Arg Lys Pro Leu His Val Asp Phe Lys Glu Leu Gly Trp Asp 1 5 10
15 Asp Trp Ile Ile Ala Pro Leu Asp Tyr Glu Ala Tyr His Cys Glu Gly
20 25 30 Leu Cys Asp Phe Pro Leu Arg Ser His Leu Glu Pro Thr Asn
His Ala 35 40 45 Ile Ile Gln Thr Leu Leu Asn Ser Met Ala Pro Asp
Ala Ala Pro Ala 50 55 60 Ser Cys Cys Val Pro Ala Arg Leu Ser Pro
Ile Ser Ile Leu Tyr Ile 65 70 75 80 Asp Ala Ala Asn Asn Val Val Tyr
Lys Gln Tyr Glu Asp Met Val Val 85 90 95 Glu Ala Cys Gly Cys Arg
100
* * * * *
References