U.S. patent application number 15/685824 was filed with the patent office on 2018-01-04 for 4'-substituted nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
This patent application is currently assigned to MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP.. The applicant listed for this patent is MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP.. Invention is credited to Jianmin Fu, Vinay M. Girijavallabhan, David B. Olsen, Bing-Yu Tang, Zhibo Zhang.
Application Number | 20180002366 15/685824 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 52824598 |
Filed Date | 2018-01-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20180002366 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Girijavallabhan; Vinay M. ;
et al. |
January 4, 2018 |
4'-SUBSTITUTED NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS
Abstract
The present invention is directed to 4'-substituted nucleoside
derivatives of Formula I ##STR00001## and their use in the
inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase, the prophylaxis of
infection by HIV, the treatment of infection by HIV, and the
prophylaxis, treatment, and delay in the onset or progression of
AIDS and/or ARC.
Inventors: |
Girijavallabhan; Vinay M.;
(Whippany, NJ) ; Olsen; David B.; (Lansdale,
PA) ; Zhang; Zhibo; (Beijing, CN) ; Fu;
Jianmin; (Beijing, CN) ; Tang; Bing-Yu;
(Beijing, CN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP. |
Rahway |
NJ |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
MERCK SHARP & DOHME
CORP.
Rahway
NJ
|
Family ID: |
52824598 |
Appl. No.: |
15/685824 |
Filed: |
August 24, 2017 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
14669398 |
Mar 26, 2015 |
9777035 |
|
|
15685824 |
|
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 45/06 20130101;
A61P 31/18 20180101; A61P 37/02 20180101; C07H 19/12 20130101; A61P
1/16 20180101; C07D 487/04 20130101; A61K 31/7064 20130101; C07H
19/14 20130101; C07H 19/06 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C07H 19/14 20060101
C07H019/14; C07D 487/04 20060101 C07D487/04; A61K 31/7064 20060101
A61K031/7064; A61K 45/06 20060101 A61K045/06; C07H 19/12 20060101
C07H019/12; C07H 19/06 20060101 C07H019/06 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Mar 28, 2014 |
CN |
PCT/CN2014/074294 |
Claims
1-65. (canceled)
66. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of
a compound that is: 1)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-(hydro-
xymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; 2)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; 3)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; 4)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; 5)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-bromo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl--
2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; 6)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; 7)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-
-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; 8)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(2,4-diamino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-(h-
ydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; 9)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; 10)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-hydroxy-2-(hydro-
xymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile; 11)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-(hydr-
oxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; 12)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-hydroxy-2-(hydr-
oxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile; 13)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-3-hydro-
xytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate; 14)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethyny-
l-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate;
15)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethyny-
l-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate;
16)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethyny-
l-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate;
17)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethyny-
l-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate;
18)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-cyano-3-hydroxy-
tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate; 19)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-3-hydr-
oxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate; 20)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-2-ethynyl-3-hyd-
roxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate; 21)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-3-hydr-
oxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate; 22)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,
1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol;
or 23)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, and an effective amount of one or more HIV
antiviral agent selected from: abacavir, abacavir sulfate,
abacavir+lamivudine, abacavir+lamivudine+zidovudine, amprenavir,
atazanavir, atazanavir sulfate, AZT, capravirine, darunavir,
dideoxycytidine, dideoxyinosine, delavirdine, delavirdine mesylate,
dolutegravir, doravirine, efavirenz,
efavirenz+emtricitabine+tenofovir disoproxil fumarate,
4'-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine, elvitegravir, emtricitabine,
emvirine, enfuvirtide, etravirine, fosamprenavir calcium,
indinavir, indinavir sulfate, lamivudine, lamivudine+zidovudine,
lopinavir, lopinavir+ritonavir, maraviroc, nelfinavir, nelfinavir
mesylate, nevirapine, PPL-100, raltegravir, rilpivirine, ritonavir,
saquinavir, saquinavir mesylate, stavudine, tipranavir or
vicriviroc, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
67. A method for the treatment of infection by HIV or for the
treatment or delay in the onset of AIDS in a human subject in need
thereof which comprises administering to the subject an effective
amount of a compound that is: 1)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-(hydro-
xymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; 2)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; 3)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; 4)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; 5)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-bromo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl--
2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; 6)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; 7)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-
-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; 8)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(2,4-diamino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-(h-
ydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; 9)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; 10)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-hydroxy-2-(hydro-
xymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile; 11)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-(hydr-
oxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; 12)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-hydroxy-2-(hydr-
oxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile; 13)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-3-hydro-
xytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate; 14)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethyny-
l-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate;
15)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethyny-
l-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate;
16)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethyny-
l-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate;
17)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethyny-
l-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate;
18)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-cyano-3-hydroxy-
tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate; 19)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-3-hydr-
oxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate; 20)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-2-ethynyl-3-hyd-
roxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate; 21)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-3-hydr-
oxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate; 22)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,
1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol;
or 23)
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol; or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, and an effective amount of one or more HIV
antiviral agent selected from: abacavir, abacavir sulfate,
abacavir+lamivudine, abacavir+lamivudine+zidovudine, amprenavir,
atazanavir, atazanavir sulfate, AZT, capravirine, darunavir,
dideoxycytidine, dideoxyinosine, delavirdine, delavirdine mesylate,
dolutegravir, doravirine, efavirenz,
efavirenz+emtricitabine+tenofovir disoproxil fumarate,
4'-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine, elvitegravir, emtricitabine,
emvirine, enfuvirtide, etravirine, fosamprenavir calcium,
indinavir, indinavir sulfate, lamivudine, lamivudine+zidovudine,
lopinavir, lopinavir+ritonavir, maraviroc, nelfinavir, nelfinavir
mesylate, nevirapine, PPL-100, raltegravir, rilpivirine, ritonavir,
saquinavir, saquinavir mesylate, stavudine, tipranavir or
vicriviroc.
68. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of
a compound that is: ##STR00127## or a compound that is a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an effective amount
of one or more HIV antiviral agent selected from: abacavir,
abacavir sulfate, abacavir+lamivudine,
abacavir+lamivudine+zidovudine, amprenavir, atazanavir, atazanavir
sulfate, AZT, capravirine, darunavir, dideoxycytidine,
dideoxyinosine, delavirdine, delavirdine mesylate, dolutegravir,
doravirine, efavirenz, efavirenz+emtricitabine+tenofovir disoproxil
fumarate, 4'-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine, elvitegravir,
emtricitabine, emvirine, enfuvirtide, etravirine, fosamprenavir
calcium, indinavir, indinavir sulfate, lamivudine,
lamivudine+zidovudine, lopinavir, lopinavir+ritonavir, maraviroc,
nelfinavir, nelfinavir mesylate, nevirapine, PPL-100, raltegravir,
rilpivirine, ritonavir, saquinavir, saquinavir mesylate, stavudine,
tipranavir or vicriviroc, and a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier.
69. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 68 wherein the compound
is ##STR00128##
70. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 68 wherein the compound
is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of ##STR00129##
71. A method for the treatment of infection by HIV or for the
treatment or delay in the onset of AIDS in a human subject in need
thereof which comprises administering to the subject an effective
amount of a compound that is ##STR00130## or a compound that is a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an effective amount
of one or more HIV antiviral agent selected from: abacavir,
abacavir sulfate, abacavir+lamivudine,
abacavir+lamivudine+zidovudine, amprenavir, atazanavir, atazanavir
sulfate, AZT, capravirine, darunavir, dideoxycytidine,
dideoxyinosine, delavirdine, delavirdine mesylate, dolutegravir,
doravirine, efavirenz, efavirenz+emtricitabine+tenofovir disoproxil
fumarate, 4'-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine, elvitegravir,
emtricitabine, emvirine, enfuvirtide, etravirine, fosamprenavir
calcium, indinavir, indinavir sulfate, lamivudine,
lamivudine+zidovudine, lopinavir, lopinavir+ritonavir, maraviroc,
nelfinavir, nelfinavir mesylate, nevirapine, PPL-100, raltegravir,
rilpivirine, ritonavir, saquinavir, saquinavir mesylate, stavudine,
tipranavir or vicriviroc.
72. The method of claim 71 wherein the compound is ##STR00131##
73. The method of claim 71 wherein the compound is a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of ##STR00132##
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The retrovirus designated human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV), particularly the strains known as HIV type-1 (HIV-1) and
type-2 (HIV-2), have been etiologically linked to the
immunosuppressive disease known as acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS). HIV seropositive individuals are initially
asymptomatic but typically develop AIDS related complex (ARC)
followed by AIDS. Affected individuals exhibit severe
immunosuppression which makes them highly susceptible to
debilitating and ultimately fatal opportunistic infections.
Replication of HIV by a host cell requires integration of the viral
genome into the host cell's DNA. Since HIV is a retrovirus, the HIV
replication cycle requires transcription of the viral RNA genome
into DNA via an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase (RT).
[0002] Reverse transcriptase has three known enzymatic functions:
The enzyme acts as an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, as a
ribonuclease, and as a DNA-dependent DNA polymerase. In its role as
an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, RT transcribes a single-stranded
DNA copy of the viral RNA. As a ribonuclease, RT destroys the
original viral RNA and frees the DNA just produced from the
original RNA. And as a DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, RT makes a
second, complementary DNA strand using the first DNA strand as a
template. The two strands form double-stranded DNA, which is
integrated into the host cell's genome by the integrase enzyme.
[0003] It is known that compounds that inhibit enzymatic functions
of HIV RT will inhibit HIV replication in infected cells. These
compounds are useful in the prophylaxis or treatment of HIV
infection in humans. Among the compounds approved for use in
treating HIV infection and AIDS are nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTI)
such as 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), 2',3'-dideoxyinosine
(ddl), 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC), d4T, 3TC, abacavir,
emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, as well as
non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (nNRTI) such as nevirapine,
delavirdine, and efavirenz.
[0004] While each of the foregoing drugs is effective in treating
HIV infection and AIDS, there remains a need to develop additional
HIV antiviral drugs including additional RT inhibitors. A
particular problem is the development of mutant HIV strains that
are resistant to the known inhibitors. The use of anti-retrovirals
to treat AIDS often leads to viruses that are less sensitive to the
inhibitors. This resistance is typically the result of mutations
that occur in the reverse transcriptase segment of the pol gene.
The continued use of antiviral compounds to prevent HIV infection
will inevitably result in the emergence of new resistant strains of
HIV. Accordingly, there is a continuing need for new RT inhibitors
that are effective against mutant HIV strains.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] The present invention is directed to 4'-substituted
nucleoside derivatives and their use in the inhibition of HIV
reverse transcriptase, the prophylaxis of infection by HIV, the
treatment of infection by HIV, and the prophylaxis, treatment, and
delay in the onset or progression of AIDS and/or ARC.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The present invention is directed to compounds having
structural Formula I:
##STR00002## [0007] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein: [0008] R is
[0008] ##STR00003## [0009] X is O, S, CH.sub.2 or CF.sub.2; [0010]
Y is --C.ident.C--R.sup.8 or --C.ident.N; [0011] R.sup.1 is --H,
--C(O)R.sup.6, --C(O)OR.sup.6, --C(O)N(R.sup.6).sub.2,
[0011] ##STR00004## [0012] or a pro-drug modification of the mono-,
di- or triphosphate; [0013] R.sup.2 is --H, --C(O)R.sup.6a,
--C(O)OR.sup.6a or --C(O)N(R.sup.6a).sub.2; [0014] R.sup.3 is --H,
--F, or --OH; [0015] R.sup.4 is --H, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
--C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, --C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl,
--C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl, --C.sub.3-C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, 5- or
6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl, a 9- or 10-membered bicyclic
heteroaryl, halo, --CN, --NO.sub.2, --N(R.sup.X).sub.2,
--NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-(5- or 6-membered monocyclic
heteroaryl), --NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-(9- or 10-membered
bicyclic heteroaryl), aryl, --NHC(O)OR.sup.6b,
--N(C(O)OR.sup.6b).sub.2, --NHC(O)N(R.sup.6b).sub.2, or
--NHC(O)R.sup.6b, wherein each of said --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl
group, said --C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl group or said
--C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl group can be optionally substituted with
halo; [0016] R.sup.5 is --H, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
--C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, --C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl,
--C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl, --C.sub.3-C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, 5- or
6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl, a 9- or 10-membered bicyclic
heteroaryl, halo, --OR.sup.X, --CN, --NO.sub.2, --N(R.sup.X).sub.2,
--NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-(5- or 6-membered monocyclic
heteroaryl), --NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-(9- or 10-membered
bicyclic heteroaryl), aryl, --NHC(O)OR.sup.6b,
--N(C(O)OR.sup.6b).sub.2, --NHC(O)N(R.sup.6b).sub.2, or
--NHC(O)R.sup.6b, wherein each of said --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl
group, said --C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl group or said
--C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl group can be optionally substituted with
halo; [0017] R.sup.6, R.sup.6a and R.sup.6b are each independently
selected at each occurrence from --H, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
--C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl, --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene).sub.m-(C.sub.3-C.sub.7 cycloalkyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene).sub.m-(aryl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene).sub.m-(4 to
7-membered heterocycloalkyl), --(C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkylene).sub.m-(5- or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl) or
--(C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene).sub.m-(9- or 10-membered bicyclic
heteroaryl), wherein each of said --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, said
C.sub.3-C.sub.7 cycloalkyl group, said aryl group, said 4 to
7-membered heterocycloalkyl group, said -(5- or 6-membered
monocyclic heteroaryl group or said 9- or 10-membered bicyclic
heteroaryl group can be optionally substituted with R.sup.7; [0018]
m is an integer selected from 0 (zero) or 1; [0019] R.sup.7
represents from one to five substituent groups, each independently
selected from --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl, aryl, or a
5-6-member heteroaryl; [0020] R.sup.8 is --H, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl, --C.sub.3-C.sub.7 cycloalkyl,
aryl, 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl or 9- or 10-membered
bicyclic heteroaryl; [0021] R.sup.9 is --H, halo, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl, --CN, --OR.sup.Y or
--N(R.sup.Y).sub.2; [0022] R.sup.X is independently selected at
each occurrence from --H, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
--C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl, aryl, or 5- or 6-membered monocyclic
heteroaryl; [0023] or when either or both of R.sup.4 or R.sup.5 is
--N(R.sup.X).sub.2, each R.sup.X may optionally be joined together
with the nitrogen to which they are both attached to form a 5- or
6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl or 9- or 10-membered bicyclic
heteroaryl; and [0024] R.sup.Y is --H, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl or
--C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl; [0025] with the proviso that when X is
O, Y is --C.ident.CH or --C.ident.N, R.sup.1 is --H, R.sup.2 is
--H, R.sup.4 is --NH.sub.2, R.sup.5 is --H, --F, or --OH and
R.sup.9 is --F, then R.sup.3 is not --F.
[0026] In an embodiment of this invention referred to herein as
Formula 1a are compounds of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, wherein R is
##STR00005##
and all other variables therein (R.sup.1, R.sup.2, X, Y, etc.) are
as defined in Formula I.
[0027] In an embodiment of this invention are compounds of Formula
I having structural Formula II or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof:
##STR00006##
wherein all variables therein (R.sup.1, R.sup.2, X, Y, etc.) are as
defined in Formula I.
[0028] In another embodiment of this invention are compounds of
Formula I having structural Formula III or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof:
##STR00007##
wherein all variables therein (R.sup.1, R.sup.2, X, Y, etc.) are as
defined in Formula I.
[0029] In another embodiment of this invention are compounds of
Formula I having structural Formula IV or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof:
##STR00008##
wherein all variables therein (R.sup.1, R.sup.2, X, Y, etc.) are as
defined in Formula I.
[0030] In another embodiment of this invention are compounds of
Formula I having structural Formula V or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof:
##STR00009##
wherein all variables therein (R.sup.1, R.sup.2, X, Y, etc.) are as
defined in Formula I.
[0031] In an embodiment of this invention referred to herein as
Embodiment A are compounds of Formula I, Ia, II, III, IV or V, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: [0032] X is O,
S, CH.sub.2 or CF.sub.2; [0033] Y is --C.ident.C--R.sup.8 or
--C.ident.N; [0034] R.sup.1 is --H or
[0034] ##STR00010## [0035] R.sup.2 is --H; [0036] R.sup.3 is --H,
--F, or --OH; [0037] R.sup.4 is --H, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
--C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, --C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl,
--C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl, --C.sub.3-C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, 5- or
6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl, a 9- or 10-membered bicyclic
heteroaryl, halo, --CN, --NO.sub.2, --N(R.sup.X).sub.2,
--NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-(5- or 6-membered monocyclic
heteroaryl), --NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-(9- or 10-membered
bicyclic heteroaryl), aryl, --NHC(O)OR.sup.6b,
--N(C(O)OR.sup.6b).sub.2, --NHC(O)N(R.sup.6b).sub.2, or
--NHC(O)R.sup.6b, wherein each of said --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl
group, said --C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl group or said
--C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl group can be optionally substituted with
halo; [0038] R.sup.5 is --H, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
--C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, --C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl,
--C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl, --C.sub.3-C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, a 5- or
6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl, a 9- or 10-membered bicyclic
heteroaryl, halo, --OR.sup.X, --CN, --NO.sub.2, --N(R.sup.X).sub.2,
--NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-(5- or 6-membered monocyclic
heteroaryl), --NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-(9- or 10-membered
bicyclic heteroaryl) or aryl, wherein each of said
--C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, said --C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl group
or said --C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl group can be optionally
substituted with halo; [0039] R.sup.8 is --H, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl, --C.sub.3-C.sub.7 cycloalkyl,
aryl, 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl or 9- or 10-membered
bicyclic heteroaryl; [0040] R.sup.9 is --H, halo, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl, --CN, --OR.sup.Y, or
--N(R.sup.Y).sub.2; [0041] R.sup.X is independently selected at
each occurrence from --H, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
--C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl, aryl, or 5- or 6-membered monocyclic
heteroaryl; or when either or both of R.sup.4 or R.sup.5 is
--N(R.sup.X).sub.2, each R.sup.X may optionally be joined together
with the nitrogen to which they are both attached to form a 5- or
6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl or 9- or 10-membered bicyclic
heteroaryl; and [0042] R.sup.Y is --H, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl or
--C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl; [0043] and all other variables, e.g.,
R.sup.6, R.sup.6a, R.sup.6b, m, etc., are as defined in Formula
I.
[0044] In classes of Embodiment A are compounds of Formula I, Ia,
II, III, IV or V, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein: [0045] R.sup.1 is-H;
[0045] ##STR00011## [0046] or R.sup.1 is
##STR00012##
[0047] In an embodiment of this invention referred to herein as
Embodiment B are compounds of Formula I, Ia, II, III, IV or V, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: [0048] R.sup.1
is --H, --C(O)R.sup.6, --C(O)OR.sup.6 or
--C(O)N(R.sup.6).sub.2,
[0048] ##STR00013## [0049] or a pro-drug modification of the mono-,
di- or triphosphate; [0050] R.sup.2 is --H, --C(O)R.sup.6a,
--C(O)OR.sup.6a or --C(O)N(R.sup.6a).sub.2; and [0051] R.sup.4 is
--H, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, --C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl,
--C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl,
--C.sub.3-C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, 5- or 6-membered monocyclic
heteroaryl, a 9- or 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl, halo, --CN,
--NO.sub.2, --N(R.sup.X).sub.2, --NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-(5-
or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl), --NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylene)-(9- or 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl), aryl,
--NHC(O)OR.sup.6b, --N(C(O)OR.sup.6b).sub.2,
--NHC(O)N(R.sup.6b).sub.2, or --NHC(O)R.sup.6b, wherein each of
said --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, said --C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl
group or said --C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl group can be optionally
substituted with halo; [0052] R.sup.5 is --H, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl, --C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl, --C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl,
--C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl, --C.sub.3-C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, 5- or
6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl, a 9- or 10-membered bicyclic
heteroaryl, halo, --OR.sup.X, --CN, --NO.sub.2, --N(R.sup.X).sub.2,
--NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-(5- or 6-membered monocyclic
heteroaryl), --NH(C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene)-(9- or 10-membered
bicyclic heteroaryl), aryl, --NHC(O)OR.sup.6b,
--N(C(O)OR.sup.6b).sub.2, --NHC(O)N(R.sup.6b).sub.2, or
--NHC(O)R.sup.6b, wherein each of said --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl
group, said --C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl group or said
--C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl group can be optionally substituted with
halo; [0053] provided that one or more of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.4
or R.sup.5 is selected as follows: [0054] R.sup.1 is --C(O)R.sup.6,
--C(O)OR.sup.6, --C(O)N(R.sup.6).sub.2 or a pro-drug modification
of the mono-, di- or triphosphate; and/or [0055] R.sup.2 is
--C(O)R.sup.6a, --C(O)OR.sup.6a or --C(O)N(R.sup.6a).sub.2; and/or
[0056] R.sup.4 is --NHC(O)OR.sup.6b, --N(C(O)OR.sup.6b).sub.2,
--NHC(O)N(R.sup.6b).sub.2, or --NHC(O)R.sup.6b; and/or [0057]
R.sup.5 is --NHC(O)OR.sup.6b, --N(C(O)OR.sup.6b).sub.2,
--NHC(O)N(R.sup.6b).sub.2, or --NHC(O)R.sup.6b; [0058] and all
other variables, e.g., X, Y, R.sup.3, R.sup.6, R.sup.6a, R.sup.6b,
m, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.X, and R.sup.Y, are as defined
in Formula I.
[0059] In another embodiment of this invention, referred to as
Embodiment C, are compounds of Formula I, Ia, II, III, IV or V, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
[0060] X is O;
[0061] Y is --C.ident.CH or --C.ident.N;
[0062] R.sup.1 is --H, --C(O)R.sup.6, --C(O)OR.sup.6,
--C(O)N(R.sup.6).sub.2,
##STR00014##
or a pro-drug modification of the mono-, di- or triphosphate;
[0063] R.sup.2 is H, --C(O)R.sup.6a, --C(O)OR.sup.6a or
--C(O)N(R.sup.6a).sub.2, or particularly it is --H;
[0064] R.sup.3 is --H, or --OH; or particularly R.sup.3 is --H;
[0065] R.sup.4 is --N(R.sup.X).sub.2, --NHC(O)OR.sup.6b or
--NHC(O)N(R.sup.6b).sub.2; or particularly R.sup.4 is
--N(R.sup.X).sub.2;
[0066] R.sup.5 is --H, halo, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, --OR.sup.X or
--N(R.sup.X).sub.2; and particularly R.sup.5 is --H, --Cl, --F or
--NH.sub.2;
[0067] R.sup.6, R.sup.6a, and R.sup.6b are each independently
selected at each occurrence from --H, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
--C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl, aryl (preferably phenyl), or a 5- or
6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl, wherein R.sup.6, R.sup.6a, and
R.sup.6b are each optionally substituted with R.sup.7;
[0068] R.sup.7 is --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, aryl (preferably phenyl)
or 5-6 member monocyclic heteroaryl;
[0069] R.sup.8 is --H;
[0070] R.sup.9 is --H, halo, --C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl,
--C.sub.1-C.sub.3 haloalkyl, --CN, --OR.sup.Y, or
--N(R.sup.Y).sub.2, and particularly it is --H, --F, --Cl, --I,
--Br or --CH.sub.3;
[0071] R.sup.X is independently selected at each occurrence from
--H, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl, aryl, or
5- or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl; [0072] or when either or
both of R.sup.4 or R.sup.5 is --N(R.sup.X).sub.2, each R.sup.X may
optionally be joined together with the nitrogen to which they are
both attached to form a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl or
9- or 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl; and
[0073] R.sup.Y is --H, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl or --C.sub.1-C.sub.6
haloalkyl.
[0074] In another embodiment of this invention, referred to as
Embodiment D, are compounds of Formula I, Ia, II, III, IV or V, or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: [0075] X is O;
[0076] Y is --C.ident.CH or --C.ident.N; [0077] R.sup.1 is --H,
##STR00015##
[0077] or a pro-drug modification of the mono-, di- or
triphosphate;
[0078] R.sup.2 is --H;
[0079] R.sup.3 is --H;
[0080] R.sup.4 is --NH.sub.2;
[0081] R.sup.5 is --H, --Cl, --F or --NH.sub.2;
[0082] R.sup.8 is --H; and
[0083] R.sup.9 is --H, --F, --Cl, --I, --Br, or --CH.sub.3.
[0084] In another embodiment of this invention are compounds of
Formula I, Ia, II, III, IV or V, or Embodiment A or B, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein X is O.
[0085] In another embodiment of this invention are compounds of
Formula I, Ia, II, III, IV or V, or Embodiment A or B, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein Y is
--C.ident.C--R.sup.8. In another embodiment are compounds of
Formula I, Ia, II, III, IV or V, or Embodiment A, B, C or D, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein Y is
--C.ident.CH.
[0086] In another embodiment of this invention are compounds of
Formula I, Ia, II, III, IV or V, or Embodiment A, B, C or D, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is
--C.ident.N.
[0087] In other embodiments of this invention are compounds of
Formula I, Ia, II, III, IV or V, or Embodiment B or C, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R.sup.1 is --H,
--C(O)R.sup.6, --C(O)OR.sup.6, --C(O)N(R.sup.6).sub.2, or a
pro-drug modification of
##STR00016##
[0088] In other embodiments of this invention are compounds of
Formula I, Ia, II, III, IV or V, or Embodiment A, B, C or D, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein [0089] (a)
R.sup.1 is --H; or [0090] (b) R.sup.1 is
##STR00017##
[0090] or [0091] (c) R.sup.1 is
##STR00018##
[0092] In other embodiments of this invention are compounds of
Formula I, Ia, II, III, IV or V, or Embodiment B, C or D, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: [0093] (a)
R.sup.1 is
##STR00019##
[0094] or a pro-drug modification of the mono-, di- or
triphosphate; [0095] or (b) R.sup.1 is
##STR00020##
[0096] or a pro-drug modification of the mono-, di- or
triphosphate; [0097] or (c) R.sup.1 is
##STR00021##
[0097] or a pro-drug modification of the triphosphate; [0098] or
(d) R.sup.1 is a pro-drug modification of
##STR00022##
[0099] In another embodiment of this invention are compounds of
Formula I, Ia, II, III, IV or V, or Embodiment B or C, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1 is --H,
--C(O)R.sup.6, --C(O)OR.sup.6, or --C(O)N(R.sup.6).sub.2, or a
pro-drug modification of the mono-, di- or triphosphate. In a class
thereof, R.sup.1 is --C(O)R.sup.6, --C(O)OR.sup.6, or
--C(O)N(R.sup.6).sub.2 or a pro-drug modification of the mono-, di-
or triphosphate.
[0100] In other embodiments of this invention are compounds of
Formula I, Ia, II, III, IV or V, or Embodiment B or C, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: [0101] R.sup.2
is --H, --C(O)R.sup.6a, --C(O)OR.sup.6a or --C(O)N(R.sup.6a).sub.2;
[0102] or R.sup.2 is --C(O)R.sup.6a, --C(O)OR.sup.6a or
--C(O)N(R.sup.6a).sub.2; [0103] or R.sup.2 is --H.
[0104] In another embodiment of this invention are compounds of
Formula I, Ia, II, III, IV or V, or Embodiment A, B or C, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sup.3 is --H or
--OH. In a further embodiment are compounds of Formula I, Ia, II,
III, IV or V, or Embodiment A, B or C, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sup.3 is --H.
[0105] In another embodiment of this invention are compounds of
Formula I, Ia, II, III, IV or V, or Embodiment A or B, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sup.4 is
--N(R.sup.X).sub.2, --NHC(O)OR.sup.6b, --N(C(O)OR.sup.6b).sub.2,
--NHC(O)N(R.sup.6b).sub.2, or --NHC(O)R.sup.6b; and particularly
R.sup.4 is --N(R.sup.X).sub.2. More particularly R.sup.4 is
--NH.sub.2.
[0106] In other embodiments of this invention are compounds of
Formula I, Ia, II, III, IV or V, or Embodiment B, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: [0107] R.sup.5
is --H, halo, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, --OR.sup.X,
--N(R.sup.X).sub.2, --NHC(O)OR.sup.6b, --N(C(O)OR.sup.6b).sub.2,
--NHC(O)N(R.sup.6b).sub.2, or --NHC(O)R.sup.6b; [0108] or R.sup.5
is --NHC(O)OR.sup.6b, --N(C(O)OR.sup.6b).sub.2,
--NHC(O)N(R.sup.6b).sub.2, or --NHC(O)R.sup.6b; [0109] or R.sup.5
is --H, halo (preferably --F or --Cl), --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl,
--OR.sup.X or --N(R.sup.X).sub.2; [0110] or R.sup.5 is --H, --Cl,
--F or --NH.sub.2.
[0111] In other embodiments of this invention are compounds of
Embodiment A or B, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein: [0112] R.sup.5 is --H, halo (preferably --F or --Cl),
--C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, --OR.sup.X or --N(R.sup.X).sub.2; [0113]
or R.sup.5 is --H, --Cl, --F or --NH.sub.2.
[0114] In another embodiment of this invention are compounds of
Formula I, Ia, II, III, IV or V, or Embodiment B, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sup.6, R.sup.6a
and R.sup.6b are each independently selected at each occurrence
from --H, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl,
aryl (preferably phenyl), or a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic
heteroaryl. In another embodiment of this invention are compounds
of Embodiment A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein R.sup.6b is selected at each occurrence from --H,
--C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl, aryl
(preferably phenyl), or a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic
heteroaryl.
[0115] In another embodiment of this invention are compounds of
Formula I, Ia, II, III, IV or V, or Embodiment A or B, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sup.7 is
--C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, aryl (preferably phenyl) or 5-6 member
monocyclic heteroaryl.
[0116] In another embodiment of this invention are compounds of
Formula I, Ia, II, III, IV or V, or Embodiment A or B, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sup.8 is-H.
[0117] In another embodiment of this invention are compounds of
Formula I, Ia, II, III, IV or V, or Embodiment A or B, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sup.9 is --H,
halo, --C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl, --C.sub.1-C.sub.3 haloalkyl, --CN,
--OR.sup.Y, or --N(R.sup.Y).sub.2; and particularly it is --H, --F,
--Cl, --I, --Br or --CH.sub.3.
[0118] All structural Formulas, embodiments and classes thereof
described herein include the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of
the compounds defined therein. Reference to the compounds of
Formula I herein encompasses the compounds of each of Formulas I,
Ia, II III, IV or V, and all embodiments and classes thereof.
Reference to the compounds of this invention as those of a specific
formula or embodiment, e.g., Formula I, Ia, II III, IV or V, or
embodiments thereof, or any other generic structural formula or
specific compound described or claimed herein, is intended to
encompass the specific compound or compounds falling within the
scope of the Formula or embodiment, including salts thereof,
particularly pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates (including
hydrates) of such compounds and solvated salt forms thereof, where
such forms are possible, unless specified otherwise.
[0119] The present invention includes each of the Examples
described herein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
The invention also encompasses pharmaceutical compositions
comprising an effective amount of a compound of the invention or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier.
[0120] As used herein, the term "alkyl" refers to a monovalent
straight or branched chain, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical
having a number of carbon atoms in the specified range. Thus, for
example, "C.sub.1-6 alkyl" (or "C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl") refers to
any of the hexyl alkyl and pentyl alkyl isomers as well as n-,
iso-, sec- and t-butyl, n- and iso-propyl, ethyl and methyl. As
another example, "C.sub.1-4 alkyl" refers to n-, iso-, sec- and
t-butyl, n- and iso-propyl, ethyl and methyl.
[0121] The term "alkenyl" refers to a monovalent straight or
branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing one
carbon-carbon double bond and having a number of carbon atoms in
the specified range. Thus, for example, "C.sub.2-6 alkenyl" (or
"C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyl") refers to all of the hexenyl and
pentenyl isomers as well as 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl,
isobutenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, and ethenyl (or vinyl).
[0122] The term "alkynyl" refers to a monovalent straight or
branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing one
carbon-carbon triple bond and having a number of carbon atoms in
the specified range. Thus, for example, "C.sub.2-6 alkynyl" (or
"C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynyl") refers to all of the hexynyl and
pentynyl isomers as well as 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl,
1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, and ethynyl.
[0123] The term "alkylene" refers to any divalent linear or
branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having a number of
carbon atoms in the specified range. Thus, for example,
"--C.sub.1-6 alkylene-" refers to any of the C.sub.1 to C.sub.6
linear or branched alkylenes, and "--C.sub.1-3 alkylene-" refers to
any of the C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 linear or branched alkylenes. A
particular class of alkylenes includes --(CH.sub.2).sub.1-3--,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2-3, --(CH.sub.2).sub.1-2--, and --CH.sub.2--,
--CH(CH.sub.3)--, and --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2--.
[0124] The term "cycloalkyl" refers to any monocyclic ring of an
alkane having a number of carbon atoms in the specified range.
Thus, for example, "C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl" (or "C.sub.3-C.sub.7
cycloalkyl") refers to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,
cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl. A particular class of interest for
compounds of Formula I and embodiments thereof is C.sub.3-6
cycloalkyl.
[0125] The term "halogen" (or "halo") refers to fluorine, chlorine,
bromine and iodine (alternatively referred to as fluoro, chloro,
bromo, and iodo). A particular class of interest for compounds of
Formula I and embodiments thereof is each of fluoro of chloro.
[0126] The term "haloalkyl" refers to an alkyl group as defined
above in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced
with halo (i.e., --F, --Cl, --Br and/or --I). Thus, for example,
"C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl" (or "C.sub.1-C.sub.6 haloalkyl") refers to a
C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl group as defined above
with one or more halo substituents. The term "fluoroalkyl" has an
analogous meaning except that the halogen substituents are
restricted to fluoro. Suitable fluoroalkyls include the series
(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4CF.sub.3 (i.e., trifluoromethyl,
2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoro-n-propyl, etc.). A
fluoroalkyl of particular interest is CF.sub.3.
[0127] The term "C(O)" refers to carbonyl. The terms "S(O).sub.2"
and "SO.sub.2" each refer to sulfonyl. The term "S(O)" refers to
sulfinyl.
[0128] The term "aryl" (or "C.sub.6-C.sub.10 aryl") refers to (i)
phenyl, or (ii) 9- or 10-membered bicyclic, fused carbocylic ring
systems in which at least one ring is aromatic. Suitable aryls
include, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl
(tetralinyl), or indenyl. In a particular class of compounds of
Formula I and embodiments thereof, aryl is phenyl or naphthyl, and
more particularly aryl is phenyl.
[0129] The term "heteroaryl" refers to (i) a 5- or 6-membered
heteroaromatic ring containing from 1 to 4 heteroatoms
independently selected from N, O and S, wherein each N is
optionally in the form of an oxide to the extent chemically
possible, (ii) a 9- or 10-membered bicyclic fused ring system,
wherein the fused ring system contains from 1 to 6 heteroatoms
independently selected from N, O and S, wherein each ring in the
fused ring system contains zero, one, or more than one heteroatom,
and at least one ring is aromatic, and each N is optionally in the
form of an oxide to the extent chemically possible, and each S in a
ring which is not aromatic is optionally S(O) or S(O)2. Suitable 5-
and 6-membered heteroaromatic rings include, for example, pyridyl,
pyrrolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, thienyl,
furanyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl triazolyl (i.e.,
1,2,3-triazolyl or 1,2,4-triazolyl), tetrazolyl, oxazolyl,
isooxazolyl, oxadiazolyl (i.e., the 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-,
1,2,5-(furazanyl), or 1,3,4-isomer), oxatriazolyl, thiazolyl,
isothiazolyl, and thiadiazolyl. Suitable 9- and 10-membered
heterobicyclic, fused ring systems include, for example,
benzofuranyl, indolyl, indazolyl, naphthyridinyl, isobenzofuranyl,
benzopiperidinyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, chromenyl,
quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl, tetrahydro
uinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, isoindolyl, benzodioxolyl
(e.g., benzo-1,3-dioxolyl:
##STR00023##
benzopiperidinyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, chromanyl,
isochromanyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl,
benzotriazolyl, dihydroindolyl, dihydroisoindolyl, indazolyl,
indolinyl, isoindolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl,
2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl, and 2,3-dihydrobenzo-1,4-dioxinyl
(i.e.,
##STR00024##
[0130] It is understood that the specific rings and ring systems
suitable for use in the present invention are not limited to those
listed in the preceding paragraphs. These rings and ring systems
are merely representative. Unless expressly stated to the contrary
in a particular context, any of the various cyclic rings and ring
systems described herein may be attached to the rest of the
compound at any ring atom (i.e., any carbon atom or any heteroatom)
provided that the attachment is chemically allowed and a stable
compound results.
[0131] Unless expressly depicted or described otherwise, a variable
depicted in a structural formula with a "floating" bond attached to
a ring, such as R.sup.9 in Formula I, is permitted to be a
substituent (alternatively, R.sup.9 may be --H) on any available
carbon or nitrogen atom in the ring to which the variable is
attached.
[0132] When a moiety is noted as being "optionally substituted" in
Formula I or any embodiment thereof, it means that Formula I or the
embodiment thereof encompasses both compounds that are substituted
with the noted substituent (or substituents) on the moiety and
compounds that do not contain the noted substituent (or
substituents) on the moiety (i.e., wherein the moiety is
unsubstituted). As one example, when R.sup.4 is a --C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkyl group that can be optionally substituted with halo, then
R.sup.4 can be --C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl or --C.sub.1-C.sub.6
haloalkyl.
[0133] When any variable (e.g., R.sup.7, R.sup.X, R.sup.Y) occurs
more than one time in any constituent or in Formula I or in any
other formula depicting and describing compounds of the present
invention, its definition on each occurrence is independent of its
definition at every other occurrence. Also, combinations of
substituents and/or variables are permissible only if such
combinations result in stable compounds.
[0134] Unless expressly stated to the contrary, substitution by a
named substituent is permitted on any atom in a ring (e.g.,
cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl) provided such ring substitution is
chemically allowed and results in a stable compound.
[0135] Unless expressly stated to the contrary, all ranges cited
herein are inclusive. For example, a heteroaromatic ring described
as containing from "1 to 4 heteroatoms" means the ring can contain
1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms. It is also to be understood that any
range cited herein includes within its scope all of the sub-ranges
within that range. Thus, for example, a heterocyclic ring described
as containing from "1 to 4 heteroatoms" is intended to include as
aspects thereof, heterocyclic rings containing 2 to 4 heteroatoms,
3 or 4 heteroatoms, 1 to 3 heteroatoms, 2 or 3 heteroatoms, 1 or 2
heteroatoms, 1 heteroatom, 2 heteroatoms, 3 heteroatoms, or 4
heteroatoms. As another example, an aryl or heteroaryl described as
optionally substituted with R.sup.7, wherein R.sup.7 is "from 1 to
5 substituent groups" is intended to include as aspects thereof,
the aryl or heteroaryl substituted with 1 to 5 substituents, 2 to 5
substituents, 3 to 5 substituents, 4 to 5 substituents, 5
substituents, 1 to 4 substituents, 2 to 4 substituents, 3 to 4
substituents, 4 substituents, 1 to 3 substituents, 2 to 3
substituents, 3 substituents, 1 to 2 substituents, 2 substituents,
and 1 substituent.
[0136] In Embodiment B, "one or more of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.4
or R.sup.5 is selected as follows" includes only one of R.sup.1,
R.sup.2, R.sup.4 or R.sup.5 as being defined as in the proviso, or
any combination of more than one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.4
and/or R.sup.5 each being defined as in the proviso. For example,
the following combinations of variables may be defined as in the
proviso of Embodiment B: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2; R.sup.1 and R.sup.4;
R.sup.1 and R.sup.5; R.sup.2 and R.sup.4; R.sup.2 and R.sup.5;
R.sup.4 and R.sup.5; R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.4; R.sup.1, R.sup.2
and R.sup.5; R.sup.1, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5; R.sup.2, R.sup.4 and
R.sup.5; or R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5.
[0137] As would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art,
certain of the compounds of the present invention can exist as
tautomers. All tautomeric forms of these compounds, whether
isolated individually or in mixtures, are within the scope of the
present invention. For example, in instances where an --OH
substituent is permitted on a heteroaromatic ring and keto-enol
tautomerism is possible, it is understood that the substituent
might in fact be present, in whole or in part, in the oxo (.dbd.O)
form.
[0138] A "stable" compound is a compound which can be prepared and
isolated and whose structure and properties remain or can be caused
to remain essentially unchanged for a period of time sufficient to
allow use of the compound for the purposes described herein (e.g.,
therapeutic or prophylactic administration to a subject). The
compounds of the present invention are limited to stable compounds
embraced by Formula I and its embodiments.
[0139] The compounds of Formula I may have one or more chiral
(asymmetric) centers. The present invention encompasses all
stereoisomeric forms of the compounds of Formula I. Centers of
asymmetry that are present in the compounds of Formula I can all
independently of one another have (R) or (S) configuration. When
bonds to a chiral carbon are depicted as straight lines in the
structural Formulas of the invention, or when a compound name is
recited without an (R) or (S) chiral designation for a chiral
carbon, it is understood that both the (R) and (S) configurations
of each such chiral carbon, and hence each enantiomer or
diastereomer and mixtures thereof, are embraced within the Formula
or by the name. The production of specific stereoisomers or
mixtures thereof may be identified in the Examples where such
stereoisomers or mixtures were obtained, but this in no way limits
the inclusion of all stereoisomers and mixtures thereof from being
within the scope of this invention.
[0140] The invention includes all possible enantiomers and
diastereomers and mixtures of two or more stereoisomers, for
example mixtures of enantiomers and/or diastereomers, in all
ratios. Thus, enantiomers are a subject of the invention in
enantiomerically pure form, both as levorotatory and as
dextrorotatory antipodes, in the form of racemates and in the form
of mixtures of the two enantiomers in all ratios. In the case of a
cis/trans isomerism the invention includes both the cis form and
the trans form as well as mixtures of these forms in all ratios.
The preparation of individual stereoisomers can be carried out, if
desired, by separation of a mixture by customary methods, for
example by chromatography or crystallization, by the use of
stereochemically uniform starting materials for the synthesis or by
stereoselective synthesis. Optionally a derivatization can be
carried out before a separation of stereoisomers. The separation of
a mixture of stereoisomers can be carried out at an intermediate
step during the synthesis of a compound of Formula I or it can be
done on a final racemic product. Absolute stereochemistry may be
determined by X-ray crystallography of crystalline products or
crystalline intermediates which are derivatized, if necessary, with
a reagent containing a stereogenic center of known configuration.
Alternatively, absolute stereochemistry may be determined by
Vibrational Circular Dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy analysis. The
present invention includes all such isomers, as well as salts,
solvates (which includes hydrates) and solvated salts of such
racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers and tautomers and mixtures
thereof.
[0141] The atoms in a compound of Formula I may exhibit their
natural isotopic abundances, or one or more of the atoms may be
artificially enriched in a particular isotope having the same
atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the
atomic mass or mass number predominantly found in nature. The
present invention is meant to include all suitable isotopic
variations of the compounds of generic Formula I. For example,
different isotopic forms of hydrogen (H) include protium (.sup.1H)
and deuterium (.sup.2H). Protium is the predominant hydrogen
isotope found in nature. Enriching for deuterium may afford certain
therapeutic advantages, such as increasing in vivo half-life or
reducing dosage requirements, or may provide a compound useful as a
standard for characterization of biological samples.
Isotopically-enriched compounds within generic Formula I can be
prepared without undue experimentation by conventional techniques
well known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to
those described in the Schemes and Examples herein using
appropriate isotopically-enriched reagents and/or
intermediates.
[0142] The compounds can be administered in the form of
pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The term "pharmaceutically
acceptable salt" refers to a salt which is not biologically or
otherwise undesirable (e.g., is neither toxic nor otherwise
deleterious to the recipient thereof).
[0143] When the compounds of Formula I contain one or more acidic
or basic groups the invention also includes the corresponding
pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Thus, the compounds of Formula I
which contain acidic groups (e.g., --COOH or a phenolic group) can
be used according to the invention as, for example but not limited
to, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts or as ammonium
salts. Examples of such salts include but are not limited to sodium
salts, potassium salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts or salts
with ammonia or organic amines such as, for example, ethylamine,
ethanolamine, triethanolamine or amino acids. Compounds of Formula
I which contain one or more basic groups, i.e. groups which can be
protonated, can be used according to the invention in the form of
their acid addition salts with inorganic or organic acids as, for
example but not limited to, salts with hydrogen chloride, hydrogen
bromide, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid,
benzenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid,
naphthalenedisulfonic acids, oxalic acid, acetic acid,
trifluoroacetic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid,
benzoic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, pivalic acid,
diethylacetic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, pimelic acid,
fumaric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, sulfaminic acid,
phenylpropionic acid, gluconic acid, ascorbic acid, isonicotinic
acid, citric acid, adipic acid, etc. If the compounds of Formula I
simultaneously contain acidic and basic groups in the molecule the
invention also includes, in addition to the salt forms mentioned,
inner salts or betaines (zwitterions). Salts can be obtained from
the compounds of Formula I by customary methods which are known to
the person skilled in the art, for example by combination with an
organic or inorganic acid or base in a solvent or dispersant, or by
anion exchange or cation exchange from other salts. The present
invention also includes all salts of the compounds of Formula I
which, owing to low physiological compatibility, are not directly
suitable for use in pharmaceuticals but which can be used, for
example, as intermediates for chemical reactions or for the
preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
[0144] Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound of
Formula I wherein the compound or its salt is in a substantially
pure form. As used herein "substantially pure" means suitably at
least about 60 wt. %, typically at least about 70 wt. %, preferably
at least about 80 wt. %, more preferably at least about 90 wt. %
(e.g., from about 90 wt. % to about 99 wt. %), even more preferably
at least about 95 wt. % (e.g., from about 95 wt. % to about 99 wt.
%, or from about 98 wt. % to 100 wt. %), and most preferably at
least about 99 wt. % (e.g., 100 wt. %) of a product containing a
compound of Formula I or its salt (e.g., the product isolated from
a reaction mixture affording the compound or salt) consists of the
compound or salt. The level of purity of the compounds and salts
can be determined using a standard method of analysis such as thin
layer chromatography, gel electrophoresis, high performance liquid
chromatography, and/or mass spectrometry. If more than one method
of analysis is employed and the methods provide experimentally
significant differences in the level of purity determined, then the
method providing the highest purity level governs. A compound or
salt of 100% purity is one which is free of detectable impurities
as determined by a standard method of analysis. With respect to a
compound of the invention which has one or more asymmetric centers
and can occur as mixtures of stereoisomers, a substantially pure
compound can be either a substantially pure mixture of the
stereoisomers or a substantially pure individual diastereomer or
enantiomer.
[0145] Furthermore, compounds of the present invention may exist in
amorphous form and/or one or more crystalline forms, and as such
all amorphous and crystalline forms and mixtures thereof of the
compounds of Formula I are intended to be included within the scope
of the present invention. In addition, some of the compounds of the
instant invention may form solvates with water (i.e., a hydrate) or
common organic solvents. Such solvates and hydrates, particularly
the pharmaceutically acceptable solvates and hydrates, of the
instant compounds are likewise encompassed within the scope of this
invention, along with un-solvated and anhydrous forms.
[0146] It is understood that a compound of Formula I (or any
embodiment thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof)
wherein, for example, R.sup.1 is --H, --C(O)R.sup.6,
--C(O)OR.sup.6, --C(O)N(R.sup.6).sub.2, or a pro-drug modification
of the mono-, di- or triphosphate, may be converted
intracellularly/in vivo by one or more mechanisms (e.g.,
enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions) to the corresponding
nucleoside 5' triphosphate (i.e., wherein R.sup.1 is
--P(O)(OH)--O--P(O)(OH)--O--P(O)(OH).sub.2). While not wishing to
be bound by any particular theory, the nucleoside 5' triphosphate
is generally understood to be responsible for inhibiting the HIV RT
enzyme and for the resulting antiviral activity after
administration of the compound of Formula I to a subject.
[0147] Accordingly, prodrugs of the compounds of the invention are
contemplated herein. A discussion of prodrugs is provided in T.
Higuchi and V. Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems (1987)
14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and in Bioreversible Carriers in
Drug Design, (1987) Edward B. Roche, ed., American Pharmaceutical
Association and Pergamon Press. The term "prodrug" herein means a
compound (e.g., a drug precursor), which may be in the form of a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, that is transformed
intracellularly/in vivo to provide a 4'-substituted Nucleoside
Derivative which is an inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase. A
nucleoside 5' triphosphate is an example of a 4'-substituted
Nucleoside Derivative. The in vivo transformation may occur by
various mechanisms, e.g., an enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction, a
metabolic chemical reaction, and/or a spontaneous chemical reaction
(e.g., solvolysis), such as, for example, through hydrolysis in
blood. This invention encompasses any prodrugs which convert, due
to intracellular/in vivo conversion, to a 4'-substituted Nucleoside
Derivative of a compound of Formula I which is an inhibitor of HIV
reverse transcriptase. For example, 4'-substituted Nucleoside
Derivatives of Formula I include, but are not limited to, compounds
of Formula I wherein:
a) R.sup.1 is --P(O)(OH)--O--P(O)(OH)--O--P(O)(OH).sub.2; b).
R.sup.1 is --P(O)(OH)--O--P(O)(OH)--O--P(O)(OH).sub.2, and R.sup.2
is --H; and/or c) R.sup.1 is
--P(O)(OH)--O--P(O)(OH)--O--P(O)(OH).sub.2, R.sup.2 is --H, R.sup.4
is --NH.sub.2 and R.sup.5 is --H or --NH.sub.2.
[0148] Prodrugs of compounds of Formula I can exhibit enhanced
solubility, absorption, and/or lipophilicity compared to the
compounds per se, thereby resulting in increased bioavailability
and efficacy. When the compound contains, for example, a hydroxy
group, the prodrug can be a derivative of the hydroxy group such as
an ester (--OC(O)R), a carbonate ester (--OC(O)OR), a phosphate
ester (--O--P(.dbd.O)(OH).sub.2), an ether (--OR), or a
mono-phosphate prodrug such as a phosphoramidate (can be converted
in vivo to the corresponding nucleoside monophosphate).
[0149] For example, if a compound of Formula I contains an alcohol
functional group, a prodrug can be formed by the replacement of one
or more of the hydrogen atoms of the alcohol groups with a group
such as, for example, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkanoyloxymethyl,
1-((C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkanoyloxy)ethyl,
1-methyl-1-((C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkanoyloxy)ethyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxycarbonyloxymethyl,
N--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxycarbonylaminomethyl, succinoyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkanoyl, .alpha.-amino(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl,
.alpha.-amino(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkylene-aryl, arylacyl and
.alpha.-aminoacyl, or .alpha.-aminoacyl-.alpha.-aminoacyl, where
each .alpha.-aminoacyl group is independently selected from the
naturally occurring L-amino acids, or glycosyl (the radical
resulting from the removal of a hydroxyl group of the hemiacetal
form of a carbohydrate).
[0150] The term "pro-drug modification of the mono-, di- or
triphosphate" as used herein includes, but is not limited to,
5'-alcohol-derived prodrugs such as
--P(O)(--O--C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl).sub.2;
--P(O)(--NH-(.alpha.-aminoacyl group))(--O-aryl), known as
"McGuigan" type prodrugs; --P(O)(--O--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkylene)-S-acyl)(-NH-arylalkyl); S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE)
prodrugs; a cyclic phosphate ester that forms a bridge between two
ribose hydroxyl groups, such as:
##STR00025##
wherein the cyclic phosphate ester forms a bridge between the 3'-OH
group and 5'-OH groups; and those described in U.S. Pat. No.
7,879,815; International Publication Nos. WO2005/003047,
WO2008/082602, WO2010/0081628, WO2010/075517 and WO2010/075549;
Mehellou, Chem. Med. Chem., 5:1841-1842 (2005); Bobeck et al.,
Antiviral Therapy 15:935-950 (2010); Furman et al., Future
Medicinal Chemistry, 1:1429-1452 (2009); and Erion, Microsomes and
Drug Oxidations, Proceedings of the International Symposium, 17th,
Saratoga Springs, N.Y., United States, Jul. 6-10, 2008, 7-12
(2008).
[0151] If a 4'-substituted derivative incorporates an amine
functional group, a prodrug can be formed by the replacement of a
hydrogen atom in the amine group with a group such as, for example,
R-carbonyl-, RO-carbonyl-, NRR'-carbonyl- wherein R and R' are each
independently (C.sub.1-C.sub.10)alkyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.7)
cycloalkyl, benzyl, a natural .alpha.-aminoacyl,
--C(OH)C(O)OY.sup.1 wherein Y.sup.1 is H, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl or
benzyl, --C(OY.sup.2)Y.sup.3 wherein Y.sup.2 is (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)
alkyl and Y.sup.3 is (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl; carboxy
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl; amino(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl or mono-N-- or
di-N,N--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkylaminoalkyl; --C(Y.sup.4)Y.sup.5
wherein Y.sup.4 is H or methyl and Y.sup.5 is mono-N-- or
di-N,N--(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkylamino morpholino; piperidin-1-yl or
pyrrolidin-1-yl, and the like.
[0152] Pharmaceutically acceptable esters of the present compounds
include the following groups: (1) carboxylic acid esters obtained
by esterification of the hydroxy group of a hydroxyl compound, in
which the non-carbonyl moiety of the carboxylic acid portion of the
ester grouping is selected from straight or branched chain alkyl
(e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, sec-butyl or
n-butyl), alkoxyalkyl (e.g., methoxymethyl), aryl (e.g., benzyl),
aryloxyalkyl (for example, phenoxymethyl), aryl (e.g., phenyl
optionally substituted with, for example, halogen, C.sub.1-4alkyl,
--O--(C.sub.1-4alkyl) or amino); (2) sulfonate esters, such as
alkyl- or aralkylsulfonyl (for example, methanesulfonyl); (3) amino
acid esters (e.g., L-valyl or L-isoleucyl); (4) phosphonate esters
and (5) mono-, di- or triphosphate esters. The phosphate esters may
be further esterified by, for example, a C.sub.1-20 alcohol or
reactive derivative thereof, or by a 2,3-di (C.sub.6-24)acyl
glycerol.
[0153] If a 4'-substituted deoxyribose derivative contains a
carboxylic acid functional group, a prodrug can comprise an ester
formed by the replacement of the hydrogen atom of the acid group
with a group such as, for example, (C.sub.1-C.sub.8)alkyl,
(C.sub.2-C.sub.12)alkanoyloxymethyl, 1-(alkanoyloxy)ethyl having
from 4 to 9 carbon atoms, 1-methyl-1-(alkanoyloxy)-ethyl having
from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyloxymethyl having from 3 to
6 carbon atoms, 1-(alkoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl having from 4 to 7
carbon atoms, 1-methyl-1-(alkoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl having from 5 to
8 carbon atoms, N-(alkoxycarbonyl)aminomethyl having from 3 to 9
carbon atoms, 1-(N-(alkoxycarbonyl)amino)ethyl having from 4 to 10
carbon atoms, 3-phthalidyl, 4-crotonolactonyl,
gamma-butyrolacton-4-yl,
di-N,N--(C.sub.1-C.sub.2)alkylamino(C.sub.2-C.sub.3)alkyl (such as
.beta.-dimethylaminoethyl), carbamoyl-(C.sub.1-C.sub.2)alkyl,
N,N-di (C.sub.1-C.sub.2)alkylcarbamoyl-(C.sub.1-C.sub.2)alkyl and
piperidino-, pyrrolidino- or morpholino(C.sub.2-C.sub.3)alkyl, and
the like.
[0154] Other examples include the following: when the compound of
Formula I, contains a carboxylic acid group, the prodrug can be an
ester or an amide, and when the compound of Formula I contains a
primary amino group or another suitable nitrogen that can be
derivatized, the prodrug can be an amide, carbamate, urea, imine,
or a Mannich base.
[0155] Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of
suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example, in Design
of Prodrugs, edited by H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985; J. J. Hale et
al., J. Med. Chem. 2000, vol. 43, pp. 1234-1241; C. S. Larsen and
J. Ostergaard, "Design and application of prodrugs" in: Textbook of
Drug Design and Discovery, 3rd edition, edited by C. S. Larsen,
2002, pp. 410-458; and Beaumont et al., Current Drug Metabolism
2003, vol. 4, pp. 461-458; the disclosures of each of which are
incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
[0156] Accordingly, the compounds within the generic structural
formulas, embodiments and specific compounds described and claimed
herein encompass salts, all possible stereoisomers and tautomers,
physical forms (e.g., amorphous and crystalline forms), solvate and
hydrate forms thereof and any combination of these forms, as well
as the salts thereof, pro-drug forms thereof which include any
combination of stereoisomer, tautomer, solvate, hydrate, salt
and/or physical forms of said pro-drugs, where such forms are
possible unless specified otherwise.
[0157] The invention also encompasses methods for the treatment or
prophylaxis of infection by HIV, for the inhibition of HIV reverse
transcriptase, for the treatment, prophylaxis, or delay in the
onset of AIDS in a subject in need thereof, which comprises
administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of
the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0158] The invention also encompasses a compound of the invention,
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the
preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of
infection by HIV, for the inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase,
or for the treatment, prophylaxis, or delay in the onset of AIDS in
a subject in need thereof.
[0159] The invention also encompasses a pharmaceutical composition
comprising an effective amount of a compound of the invention, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier and further comprising an effective amount of an
additional anti-HIV agent selected from the group consisting of HIV
antiviral agents, immunomodulators, and anti-infective agents.
Within this embodiment, the anti-HIV agent is an antiviral selected
from the group consisting of HIV protease inhibitors, HIV reverse
transcriptase inhibitors, HIV integrase inhibitors, HIV fusion
inhibitors, HIV entry inhibitors, and HIV maturation
inhibitors.
[0160] Compounds of Formula Ia, II, III, IV or V, each form a
subset of the compounds included in Formula I. Any description
above or which follows that refers to a compound of Formula I also
applies to a compound of each of Formula Ia, II, III, IV or V, and
each embodiment thereof.
[0161] Other embodiments of the present invention include the
following:
[0162] (a) A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective
amount of a compound of Formula I as defined above, or a prodrug or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier.
[0163] (b) A pharmaceutical composition which comprises the product
prepared by combining (e.g., mixing) an effective amount of a
compound of Formula I as defined above, or a prodrug or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier.
[0164] (c) The pharmaceutical composition of (a) or (b), further
comprising an effective amount of one or more an anti-HIV agents
selected from the group consisting of HIV antiviral agents,
immunomodulators, and anti-infective agents.
[0165] (d) The pharmaceutical composition of (c), wherein the
anti-HIV agent is selected from one or more of an antiviral
selected from the group consisting of HIV protease inhibitors,
nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside HIV
reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV integrase inhibitors, HIV
fusion inhibitors, HIV entry inhibitors and HIV maturation
inhibitors.
[0166] (e) A combination which is (i) a compound of Formula I as
defined above, or a prodrug or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, and (ii) an anti-HIV agent selected from the group
consisting of HIV antiviral agents, immunomodulators, and
anti-infective agents; wherein the compound and the anti-HIV agent
are each employed in an amount that renders the combination
effective for inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase, for
treatment or prophylaxis of infection by HIV, or for treatment,
prophylaxis of, or delay in the onset or progression of AIDS.
[0167] (f) The combination of (e), wherein the anti-HIV agent is an
antiviral selected from the group consisting of HIV protease
inhibitors, nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors,
non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV integrase
inhibitors, HIV fusion inhibitors, HIV entry inhibitors and HIV
maturation inhibitors.
[0168] (g) A method for the inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase
in a subject in need thereof which comprises administering to the
subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula I or a prodrug
or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0169] (h) A method for the prophylaxis or treatment of infection
by HIV (e.g., HIV-1) in a subject in need thereof which comprises
administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of
Formula I or a prodrug or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof.
[0170] (i) The method of (h), wherein the compound of Formula I is
administered in combination with an effective amount of at least
one other HIV antiviral selected from the group consisting of HIV
protease inhibitors, HIV integrase inhibitors, non-nucleoside HIV
reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nucleoside HIV reverse
transcriptase inhibitors, HIV fusion inhibitors, HIV entry
inhibitors and HIV maturation inhibitors.
[0171] (j) A method for the prophylaxis, treatment or delay in the
onset or progression of AIDS in a subject in need thereof which
comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of a
compound of Formula I or a prodrug or pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof.
[0172] (k) The method of (j), wherein the compound is administered
in combination with an effective amount of at least one other HIV
antiviral selected from the group consisting of HIV protease
inhibitors, HIV integrase inhibitors, non-nucleoside HIV reverse
transcriptase inhibitors, nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase
inhibitors, HIV fusion inhibitors, HIV entry inhibitors and HIV
maturation inhibitors.
[0173] (l) A method for the inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase
in a subject in need thereof which comprises administering to the
subject the pharmaceutical composition of (a), (b), (c) or (d) or
the combination of (e) or (f).
[0174] (m) A method for the prophylaxis or treatment of infection
by HIV (e.g., HIV-1) in a subject in need thereof which comprises
administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of (a),
(b), (c) or (d) or the combination of (e) or (f).
[0175] (n) A method for the prophylaxis, treatment, or delay in the
onset or progression of AIDS in a subject in need thereof which
comprises administering to the subject the pharmaceutical
composition of (a), (b), (c) or (d) or the combination of (e) or
(f).
[0176] The present invention also includes a compound of Formula I
or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, (i) for use in, (ii)
for use as a medicament for, or (iii) for use in the preparation of
a medicament for: (a) therapy (e.g., of the human body), (b)
medicine, (c) inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase, (d)
treatment or prophylaxis of infection by HIV, or (e) treatment,
prophylaxis of, or delay in the onset or progression of AIDS. In
these uses, the compounds of the present invention can optionally
be employed in combination with one or more anti-HIV agents
selected from HIV antiviral agents, anti-infective agents, and
immunomodulators.
[0177] Additional embodiments of the invention include the
pharmaceutical compositions, combinations and methods set forth in
(a)-(n) above and the uses (i)(a)-(e) through (iii)(a)-(e) set
forth in the preceding paragraph, wherein the compound of the
present invention employed therein is a compound of one of the
embodiments, aspects, classes, sub-classes, or features described
above. In all of these embodiments etc., the compound may
optionally be used in the form of a prodrug or pharmaceutically
acceptable salt or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a
prodrug.
[0178] Additional embodiments of the present invention include each
of the pharmaceutical compositions, combinations, methods and uses
set forth in the preceding paragraphs, wherein the compound of the
present invention or its salt employed therein is substantially
pure. With respect to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a
compound of Formula I or its prodrug or salt and a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier and optionally one or more excipients, it is
understood that the term "substantially pure" is in reference to a
compound of Formula I or its prodrug and/or salt per se.
[0179] Still additional embodiments of the present invention
include the pharmaceutical compositions, combinations and methods
set forth in (a)-(n) above and the uses (i)(a)-(e) through
(iii)(a)-(e) set forth above, wherein the HIV of interest is HIV-1.
Thus, for example, in the pharmaceutical composition (d), the
compound of Formula I is employed in an amount effective against
HIV-1 and the anti-HIV agent is an HIV-1 antiviral selected from
the group consisting of HIV-1 protease inhibitors, HIV-1 reverse
transcriptase inhibitors, HIV-1 integrase inhibitors, HIV-1 fusion
inhibitors and HIV-1 entry inhibitors. The compounds of Formula I
may also be useful agents against HIV-2.
[0180] The term "administration" and variants thereof (e.g.,
"administering" a compound) in reference to a compound of Formula I
means providing the compound to the individual in need of treatment
or prophylaxis and includes both self-administration and
administration to the patient by another person. When a compound or
a prodrug thereof is provided in combination with one or more other
active agents (e.g., antiviral agents useful for treating or
prophylaxis of HIV infection or AIDS), "administration" and its
variants are each understood to include provision of the compound
or prodrug and other agents at the same time or at different times.
When the agents of a combination are administered at the same time,
they can be administered together in a single composition or they
can be administered separately.
[0181] As used herein, the term "composition" is intended to
encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients, as well
as any product which results from combining the specified
ingredients. Ingredients suitable for inclusion in a pharmaceutical
composition are pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients, which
means the ingredients must be compatible with each other and not
deleterious to the recipient thereof. By "pharmaceutically
acceptable" is meant that the ingredients of the pharmaceutical
composition must be compatible with each other and not deleterious
to the recipient thereof.
[0182] The term "subject" as used herein refers to an animal,
preferably a mammal, most preferably a human, who has been the
object of treatment, observation or experiment.
[0183] The term "effective amount" as used herein means an amount
sufficient to inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase, inhibit HIV
replication, exert a prophylactic effect, and/or a exert a
therapeutic effect after administration. One embodiment of
"effective amount" is a "therapeutically effective amount" which is
an amount of a compound that is effective for inhibiting HIV
reverse transcriptase, inhibiting HIV replication (either of the
foregoing which may also be referred to herein as an "inhibition
effective amount"), treating HIV infection, treating AIDS, delaying
the onset of AIDS, and/or slowing progression of AIDS in a patient.
Another embodiment of "effective amount" is a "prophylactically
effective amount" which is an amount of the compound that is
effective for prophylaxis of HIV infection or prophylaxis of AIDS
in a patient. It is understood that an effective amount can
simultaneously be both a therapeutically effective amount, e.g.,
for treatment of HIV infection, and a prophylactically effective
amount, e.g., for prevention or reduction of risk for developing
AIDS. When the compound of Formula I is administered as a salt,
reference to an amount of the compound is to the free form (i.e.,
the non-salt form) of the compound.
[0184] In the method of the present invention (i.e., inhibiting HIV
reverse transcriptase, treating or prophylaxis of HIV infection,
inhibiting HIV replication, treating or prophylaxis of AIDS,
delaying the onset of AIDS, or delaying or slowing progression of
AIDS), the compounds of this invention, optionally in the form of a
salt, can be administered by means that produces contact of the
active agent with the agent's site of action. They can be
administered by conventional means available for use in conjunction
with pharmaceuticals, either as individual therapeutic agents or in
a combination of therapeutic agents. They can be administered
alone, but typically are administered with a pharmaceutical carrier
selected on the basis of the chosen route of administration and
standard pharmaceutical practice. The compounds of the invention
can, for example, be administered orally, parenterally (including
subcutaneous injections, intravenous, intramuscular, intrasternal
injection or infusion techniques), by inhalation spray, or
rectally, in the form of a unit dosage of a pharmaceutical
composition containing an effective amount of the compound and
conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers,
adjuvants and vehicles, any of which administration methods can be
provided as a single dose, once-daily, or less frequently such as
once weekly or once monthly in, for example but not limited to, the
dosage ranges and amounts described below. Liquid preparations
suitable for oral administration (e.g., suspensions, syrups,
elixirs and the like) can be prepared according to techniques known
in the art and can employ any of the usual media such as water,
glycols, oils, alcohols and the like. Solid preparations suitable
for oral administration (e.g., powders, pills, capsules and
tablets) can be prepared according to techniques known in the art
and can employ such solid excipients as starches, sugars, kaolin,
lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like. Parenteral
compositions can be prepared according to techniques known in the
art and typically employ sterile water as a carrier and optionally
other ingredients, such as a solubility aid. Injectable solutions
can be prepared according to methods known in the art wherein the
carrier comprises a saline solution, a glucose solution or a
solution containing a mixture of saline and glucose. Further
description of methods suitable for use in preparing pharmaceutical
compositions for use in the present invention and of ingredients
suitable for use in said compositions is provided in Remington's
Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th edition, edited by A. R. Gennaro,
Mack Publishing Co., 1990 and in Remington--The Science and
Practice of Pharmacy, 22nd Edition, published by Pharmaceutical
Press and Philadelphia College of Pharmacy at University of the
Sciences, 2012, ISBN 978 0 85711-062-6 and prior editions.
[0185] Formulations of compounds described by Formula I that result
in drug supersaturation and/or rapid dissolution may be utilized to
facilitate oral drug absorption. Formulation approaches to cause
drug supersaturation and/or rapid dissolution include, but are not
limited to, nanoparticulate systems, amorphous systems, solid
solutions, solid dispersions, and lipid systems. Such formulation
approaches and techniques for preparing them are well known in the
art. For example, solid dispersions can be prepared using
excipients and processes as described in reviews (e.g., A. T. M.
Serajuddin, J Pharm Sci, 88:10, pp. 1058-1066 (1999)).
Nanoparticulate systems based on both attrition and direct
synthesis have also been described in reviews such as Wu et al (F.
Kesisoglou, S. Panmai, Y. Wu, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 59:7
pp. 631-644 (2007)).
[0186] The compounds of Formula I, and pharmaceutically acceptable
salts thereof, are HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The
compounds are useful for inhibiting HIV reverse transcriptase and
for inhibiting HIV replication in vitro and in vivo. More
particularly, the compounds of Formula I inhibit the polymerase
function of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. The testing of compounds
of the Examples of the invention in the assay set forth in the RT
Polymerase Assay below, illustrates the ability of compounds of the
invention to inhibit the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. The compounds of Formula I may also be
useful agents against HIV-2.
[0187] The compounds of Formula I can be administered in a dosage
range of 0.001 to 1000 mg/kg of mammal (e.g., human) body weight
per day, or at other time intervals as appropriate, in a single
dose or in divided doses. One example of a dosage range is 0.01 to
500 mg/kg body weight per day, or at other time intervals as
appropriate, administered orally or via other routes of
administration in a single dose or in divided doses. Another
example of a dosage range is 0.1 to 100 mg/kg body weight per day,
or at other time intervals as appropriate, administered orally or
via other routes of administration in single or divided doses. For
oral (e.g., tablets or capsules) or other routes of administration,
the compositions can be provided containing 1.0 to 500 milligrams
of the active ingredient, particularly 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50,
75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, and 500 milligrams of the active
ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the
patient to be treated. The specific dose level and frequency of
dosage for any particular patient may be varied and will depend
upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific
compound employed, the metabolic stability and length of action of
that compound, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet,
mode and time of administration, rate of excretion, drug
combination, the severity of the particular condition, and the host
undergoing therapy. In some cases, depending on the potency of the
compound or the individual response, it may be necessary to deviate
upwards or downwards from the given dose. Compounds of the
invention can be administered as a single dose, once-daily, or less
frequently such as once weekly or once monthly in, for example but
not limited to, the dosage ranges and amounts noted above.
Furthermore, the compound may be formulated for immediate or
modified release such as extended or controlled release.
[0188] As noted above, the present invention is also directed to
use of a compound of Formula I with one or more anti-HIV agents. An
"anti-HIV agent" is any agent which is directly or indirectly
effective in the inhibition of HIV, the treatment or prophylaxis of
HIV infection, and/or the treatment, prophylaxis or delay in the
onset or progression of AIDS. It is understood that an anti-HIV
agent is effective in treating, preventing, or delaying the onset
or progression of HIV infection or AIDS and/or diseases or
conditions arising therefrom or associated therewith. For example,
the compounds of this invention may be effectively administered,
whether at periods of pre-exposure and/or post-exposure, in
combination with effective amounts of one or more anti-HIV agents
selected from HIV antiviral agents, imunomodulators,
antiinfectives, or vaccines useful for treating HIV infection or
AIDS. Suitable HIV antivirals for use in combination with the
compounds of the present invention include, for example, those
listed in Table 1 as follows:
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Antiviral Agents for Treating HIV infection
or AIDS Name Type abacavir, ABC, Ziagen .RTM. nRTI abacavir +
lamivudine, Epzicom .RTM. nRTI abacavir + lamivudine + zidovudine,
Trizivir .RTM. nRTI amprenavir, Agenerase .RTM. PI atazanavir,
Reyataz .RTM. PI AZT, zidovudine, azidothymidine, Retrovir .RTM.
nRTI capravirine nnRTI darunavir, Prezista .RTM. PI ddC,
zalcitabine, dideoxycytidine, Hivid .RTM. nRTI ddI, didanosine,
dideoxyinosine, Videx .RTM. nRTI ddI (enteric coated), Videx EC
.RTM. nRTI delavirdine, DLV, Rescriptor .RTM. nnRTI dolutegravir,
Tivicay .RTM. InI doravirine, MK-1439 nnRTI efavirenz, EFV, Sustiva
.RTM., Stocrin .RTM. nnRTI efavirenz + emtricitabine + tenofovir
DF, Atripla .RTM. nnRTI + nRTI EFdA
(4'-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine) nRTI Elvitegravir InI
emtricitabine, FTC, Emtriva .RTM. nRTI emtricitabine + tenofovir
DF, Truvada .RTM. nRTI emvirine, Coactinon .RTM. nnRTI enfuvirtide,
Fuzeon .RTM. FI enteric coated didanosine, Videx EC .RTM. nRTI
etravirine, TMC-125 nnRTI fosamprenavir calcium, Lexiva .RTM. PI
indinavir, Crixivan .RTM. PI lamivudine, 3TC, Epivir .RTM. nRTI
lamivudine + zidovudine, Combivir .RTM. nRTI lopinavir PI lopinavir
+ ritonavir, Kaletra .RTM. PI maraviroc, Selzentry .RTM. EI
nelfinavir, Viracept .RTM. PI nevirapine, NVP, Viramune .RTM. nnRTI
PPL-100 (also known as PL-462) (Ambrilia) PI raltegravir, MK-0518,
Isentress .TM. InI Rilpivirine nnRTI ritonavir, Norvir .RTM. PI
saquinavir, Invirase .RTM., Fortovase .RTM. PI stavudine,
d4T,didehydrodeoxythymidine, Zerit .RTM. nRTI tenofovir DF (DF =
disoproxil fumarate), TDF, Viread .RTM. nRTI Tenofovir,
hexadecyloxypropyl (CMX-157) nRTI Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate
(GS-7340) nRTI tipranavir, Aptivus .RTM. PI vicriviroc EI EI =
entry inhibitor; FI = fusion inhibitor; InI = integrase inhibitor;
PI = protease inhibitor; nRTI = nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitor; nnRTI = non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
Some of the drugs listed in the table are used in a salt form;
e.g., abacavir sulfate, delavirdine mesylate, indinavir sulfate,
atazanavir sulfate, nelfinavir mesylate, saquinavir mesylate.
[0189] It is understood that the scope of combinations of the
compounds of this invention with anti-HIV agents is not limited to
the HIV antivirals listed in Table A, but includes in principle any
combination with any pharmaceutical composition useful for the
treatment or prophylaxis of AIDS. The HIV antiviral agents and
other agents will typically be employed in these combinations in
their conventional dosage ranges and regimens as reported in the
art, including, for example, the dosages described in the
Physicians' Desk Reference, Thomson PDR, Thomson PDR, 57th edition
(2003), the 58th edition (2004), or the 59th edition (2005) and the
current Physicians' Desk Reference (68th ed.). (2014), Montvale,
N.J.: PDR Network. The dosage ranges for a compound of the
invention in these combinations can be the same as those set forth
above.
[0190] The compounds of this invention are also useful in the
preparation and execution of screening assays for antiviral
compounds. For example, the compounds of this invention are useful
for isolating enzyme mutants, which are excellent screening tools
for more powerful antiviral compounds. Furthermore, the compounds
of this invention are useful in establishing or determining the
binding site of other antivirals to HIV reverse transcriptase,
e.g., by competitive inhibition.
[0191] Abbreviations and acronyms employed herein include the
following:
TABLE-US-00002 ACN = acetonitrile AcOH = acetic acid CHAPS = 3-((3-
Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio)-1- Propanesulfonic CSH = Charge
Surface Hybrid DAST = (diethylamino)sulfur trifluoride DCE =
1,2-dichloroethane DCM = dichloromethane DEAD = diethyl
azodicarboxylate DIBAL-H = diisobutylaluminum hydride DIPEA =
diisopropylethylamine DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide Dess-Martin
periodinane = 1,1,1-Triacetoxy-
1,1-dihydro-1,2-benziodoxo1-3(1H)-one DMAP =
4-dimethylaminopyridine DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide EDTA =
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EtOAc = ethyl acetate EA = ethyl
acetate EGTA = ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid EtOH = ethanol FBS
= fetal bovine serum HIV = human immunodeficiency virus HPLC = high
performance liquid chromatography hr = hour h = hour Hz = hertz IBX
= 2-iodoxybenzoic acid LCAP = liquid chromatography area percent
LCMS or LC-MS = liquid chromatography- mass spectroscopy L = liter
LDA = lithium diisopropylamide LiHMDS = lithium
hexamethyldisilazide aq = aqueous AIBN = azobisisobutyronitrile
m-CPBA = 3-chloroperbenzoic acid Me = methyl MeOH = methanol Me-THF
= 2-methyltetrahydrofuran min = minute MHz = megahertz mL or ml =
milliliter mol = moles mmol = millimoles NaH = sodium hydride NBS =
N-bromosuccinimide NIS-N-iodosuccinimide NHS = normal human serum
NMP = N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone NMR = nuclear magnetic resonance NTP
= nucleoside triphosphate dNTP = 2'-deoxy nucleoside triphosphate
PBS = phosphate buffered saline PE, pet. ether = petroleum ether
Ppm = parts per million PPTS = 4-toluenesulfonic acid r.t. = room
temperature RT = reverse transcriptase TBAF = tetrabutylammonium
fluoride t-BuOH = tert-butanol TEA = triethylamine THF =
tetrahydrofuran TFA = trifluoroacetic acid TLC = thin layer
chromatography TBS-Cl = t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride TBDMS-Cl =
t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride TMSCl = trimethylsilyl chloride
[0192] Compounds of the invention can be prepared by methods well
known in the art of organic chemistry. See, for example, J. March,
`Advanced Organic Chemistry` 6th Edition, John Wiley and Sons.
During synthetic sequences it may be necessary and/or desirable to
protect sensitive or reactive groups on any of the molecules
concerned. This is achieved by means of conventional protecting
groups, such as those described in T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wutts
`Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis` 4th Edition, John Wiley
and Sons. The protective groups are optionally removed at a
convenient subsequent stage using methods well known in the
art.
[0193] The compounds of the present invention can be readily
prepared according to the following reaction schemes and examples,
or modifications thereof, using readily available starting
materials, reagents and conventional synthesis procedures. In these
reactions, it is also possible to make use of variants which are
themselves known to those of ordinary skill in this art, but are
not mentioned in greater detail. Furthermore, other methods for
preparing compounds of the invention will be readily apparent to
the person of ordinary skill in the art in light of the following
reaction schemes and examples. Unless otherwise indicated, all
variables are as defined above.
##STR00026## ##STR00027##
[0194] Lactol 1-1 can be converted to 1-2 using methanolic HCl. The
hydroxy groups of intermediate 1-2 can then be protected followed
by the conversion of the 1'-OMe to 1'-Cl using HCl gas to provide
1-4. Intermediate 1-4 can be reacted with different substituted
heterocycles (1-5) in the presence of a suitable base to provide
intermediate 1-6. The 6-chloro of intermediate 1-6 can be converted
to R.sup.4 using suitable chemistry followed by deprotection of the
hydroxyl groups to provide intermediate 1-7. Intermediate 1-7 can
be differentially protected to provide 1-8. Oxidation of 1-8
provides aldehyde 1-9 which can then undergo an aldol reaction with
formaldehyde followed by reduction to provide 1-10. Selective
oxidation of the alpha face hydroxy group followed by conversion of
the aldehyde to the alkyne provides 1-11. Final deprotection of the
3'-alcohol provides targets 1-13.
##STR00028## ##STR00029## ##STR00030##
[0195] Lactone 2-1 can be treated with the anion of different
heterocycles to provide intermediates of type 2-2. Intermediate 2-2
can be converted to 2-3 by treatment with acid in the presence of
silanes. Deprotection of 2-3 followed by differential protection of
the 3' and 5' hydroxyls provides 2-5. Deoxygenation of 2-5 provides
2-6 which can then be deprotected followed by differential
protection to provide 2-8. Oxidation of the terminal alcohol to 2-9
followed by aldol reaction with formaldehyde and reduction provides
the 2-10. Selective oxidation of the alpha face alcohol provides
aldehyde 2-11 which can then be converted to the acetylene 2-12.
Global deprotection affords 2-13.
##STR00031##
[0196] Intermediates of type 3-1 (synthesized using methods in
scheme 1) are converted to oximes of type 3-2. Dehydration of the
oxime leads to compounds 3-3 which can undergo final deprotection
to provide targets 3-4.
##STR00032##
[0197] Intermediates of type 4-1 (synthesized using methods in
scheme 2) are converted to oximes of type 4-2. Dehydration of the
oxime leads to compounds 4-3 which can undergo final deprotection
to provide targets 4-4.
##STR00033##
[0198] Intermediates of type 5-1 (Synthesized using methods from
previous schemes) can be converted to the triphosphates 5-2 using
literature known methods.
##STR00034##
[0199] Intermediates of type 6-1 (Synthesized using methods from
previous schemes) can be converted to the triphosphates 6-2 using
literature known methods.
[0200] General Chemical Procedures:
[0201] All reagents were either purchased from common commercial
sources or synthesized according to literature procedures beginning
from commercial reagents. Commercial reagents were used without
further purification. Unless otherwise indicated, percent is
percent by weight given the component and the total weight of the
composition, temperature is in .degree. C. or is at ambient
temperature and pressure is at or near atmospheric. 1H NMR spectra
were obtained on a Varian VNMR System 400 (400 MHz) and are
reported as ppm downfield from Me.sub.4Si with number of protons,
multiplicities, and coupling constants in Hertz indicated
parenthetically. Where LC/MS data are presented, analyses was
performed using an Agilent 6110A MSD or an Applied Biosystems
API-100 mass spectrometer. The parent ion is given. Preparative
HPLC was performed on a Waters preparative HPLC system fitted with
a Waters Xselect.C18 column, typically using gradient elution with
water/acetonitrile containing 0.075% trifluoro acetic acid. Flash
column chromatography was performed using pre-packed normal phase
silica from Biotage, Inc. or bulk silica from Fisher Scientific.
Unless otherwise indicated, column chromatography was performed
using a gradient elution of petroleum ether/ethyl acetate, from
petroleum ether 100% to 100% ethyl acetate. The term "room
temperature" in the examples refers to the ambient temperature
which was typically in the range of about 20.degree. C. to about
26.degree. C.
Intermediate A
(2R,3S,5R)-5-chloro-2-(((4-methylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl
4-methylbenzoate (Intermediate A)
##STR00035##
[0202] Step 1: Synthesis of
(2R,3S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxytetrahydrofuran-3-ol
[0203] To a stirred solution of
(4S,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2,4-diol (7.0 g, 52.2
mmol) in anhydrous methanol (105 mL) under argon atmosphere, was
added acetyl chloride (0.614 g, 7.83 mmol) dropwise with stirring
at 0.degree. C. over 5 minutes and the resulting mixture was
stirred at 0.degree. C. for 3 hours. Then solid sodium bicarbonate
was added to neutralize the reaction mixture. The organic phase was
collected by filtration and then concentrated under reduced
pressure to give a residue as syrup. The residue was purified by
silica gel (100-200 mesh) chromatography with
dichloromethane/methanol (20/1) to give the title compound.
.sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta. 4.98-5.04 (m, 1H),
4.21-4.23 (m, 0.4H), 4.07-4.09 (m, 0.6H), 3.83-3.89 (m, 1H),
3.50-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.27-3.32 (m, 3H), 2.23-2.29 (m, 0.6H),
2.08-2.12 (m, 0.4H), 1.98-2.03 (m, 0.4H), 1.77-1.83 (m, 0.6H).
Step 2: Synthesis of
(2R,3S)-5-methoxy-2-(((4-methylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl
4-methylbenzoate
[0204] To a stirred solution of
(2R,3S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxytetrahydrofuran-3-ol (6.5 g,
43.9 mmol) in dry pyridine (45 mL) under argon atmosphere, was
added 4-methylbenzoyl chloride (20.35 g, 132 mmol) dropwise at
0.degree. C. over period of 15 minutes. The resulting mixture was
gradually warmed to 30.degree. C. and then stirred for 16 hours.
The resulting solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The
resulting residue was diluted with ethyl acetate (400 mL), and then
washed with aqueous hydrogen chloride (1 mol/L, 2.times.100 mL),
saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2.times.100 mL) and brine
(100 mL) respectively. The organic phase was collected, dried over
anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced
pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel (100-200 mesh)
chromatography with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (20:1) to give
the title compound. 1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta.
7.90-7.99 (m, 4H), 7.20-7.26 (m, 4H), 5.58-5.61 (m, 0.47H),
5.39-5.42 (m, 0.55H), 5.18-5.24 (m, 1H), 4.46-4.65 (m, 3H), 3.43
(s, 1.61H), 3.36 (s, 1.33H), 2.52-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.43 (m,
7H).
Step 3:
(2R,3S,5R)-5-chloro-2-(((4-methylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofura-
n-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate (Intermediate A)
[0205] To a stirred solution of
(2R,3S)-5-methoxy-2-(((4-methylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl
4-methylbenzoate (4.0 g, 10.41 mmol) in anhydrous diethyl ether (20
mL) in a 100 mL three necked round-bottom flask, was introduced HCl
(g). The product was gradually precipitated out over period of 40
min at 0.degree. C. The solid was filtered and washed with dry
diethyl ether (3.times.20 mL), dried under high vacuum for 2 hours
to give Intermediate A as a solid. 1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3,
ppm): .delta. 7.96 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.90 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H),
7.19-7.27 (m, 4H), 6.47 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.54-5.58 (m, 1H), 4.85
(dd, J=3.3 Hz, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (dd, J=3.3 Hz, J=12.0 Hz, 1H),
4.59 (dd, J=4.2 Hz, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 2.83-2.92 (m, 1H), 2.74 (d,
J=15.0 Hz, 1H), 2.42 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 6H).
Example 1: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-(hydro-
xymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (1)
##STR00036## ##STR00037##
[0206] Step 1: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(((4-methylbenz-
oyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate
[0207] To a suspension of sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral
oil, 0.272 g, 6.79 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (50 ml) under
argon atmosphere in a 250 ml three necked round-bottom flask, was
added 4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (0.948 g, 6.17 mmol) and
the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes.
(2R,3S,5R)-5-chloro-2-(((4-methylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl
4-methylbenzoate (2.4 g, 6.17 mmol) was added in portions with
stirring. The reaction mixture was heated to 50.degree. C. and
stirred for 2 hours. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC
& LCMS. Evaporation of the reaction mixture gave an oily
residue, which was purified by silica-gel chromatography with ethyl
acetate/petroleum ether (1:6, v/v) to give the title compound.
1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta. 8.64 (s, 1H), 7.98 (d,
J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.92 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H),
7.20-7.30 (m, 4H), 6.82 (dd, J=5.7 Hz, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (d,
J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 4.60-4.76 (m, 3H), 2.86-2.96 (m, 1H), 2.74-2.82 (m,
1H), 2.43 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 6H). LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 506.43
[M+H].sup.+.
Step 2: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)t-
etrahydrofuran-3-ol
[0208]
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(((4-meth-
ylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate (2.18 g,
4.31 mmol) was added to an 80 ml steel bomb and it was cooled down
to -40.degree. C. To this was added isopropanolic ammonia
(saturated at -40.degree. C., 60 ml). After the mixture was stirred
at 90.degree. C. and for 15 hours, it was cooled down to room
temperature and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified
by silica gel column chromatography with dichloromethane/methanol
(4/1) to give the title compound. 1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO,
ppm): .delta. 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (br, 2H),
6.58 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (dd, J=6.0 Hz, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (d,
J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (t, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 4.34 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.82
(dd, J=4.0 Hz, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 3.48-3.58 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.54 (m, 1H),
2.13-2.17 (m, 1H).
Step 3: Synthesis of
7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsil-
yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine
[0209]
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(hydroxyme-
thyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (950 mg, 3.796 mmol) and imidazole (775.4
mg, 11.388 mmol) were added into a 25 mL round bottom flask under
argon atmosphere. To the flask was injected anhydrous DMF (8 mL),
followed by the addition of t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (1716.4
mg, 11.388 mmol). After the mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C.
for 3 hours, it was diluted with ethyl acetate (40 mL), washed with
water (20 mL.times.2), aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 (saturated, 20
mL.times.2) and brine (20 mL.times.2) respectively. The organic
layer was collected and dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4,
filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude
product. The crude product was then purified by silica gel
chromatography with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (35% to 42% ethyl
acetate in petroleum ether) to give the title compound.
.sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta. 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.32
(d, J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 6.39 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H),
5.29 (br, 2H), 4.56-4.61 (m, 1H), 3.96 (dd, J=3.5 Hz, J=7.0 Hz,
1H), 3.74-3.84 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.51 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.38 (m, 1H), 0.92
(d, J=4.2 Hz, 18H), 0.08-0.1 (m, 12H). LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 497.71
[M+H].sup.+.
Step 4: Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldim-
ethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
[0210] To a stirred solution of
7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsil-
yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine
(1.2 g, 2.506 mmol) in THF (24 mL), was added a pre-cooled solution
of trifluoroacetic acid/water (1/2, v/v, 9 mL) dropwise at
0.degree. C. over period of 10 minutes. The resulting mixture was
stirred at 0.degree. C. for 4 hours and then co-evaporated with
toluene below 25.degree. C. for three times to give a syrup. The
crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography with
ethyl acetate/dichloromethane (1/1) to give the title compound.
.sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 8.03 (s, 1H),
7.34 (d, J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (brs, 2H), 6.58 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H),
6.46 (dd, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 5.19 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 4.51-4.53 (m, 1H),
3.79-3.83 (m, 1H), 3.47-3.57 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.17
(m, 1H), 0.9 (s, 9H), 0.11 (s, 6H).
Step 5: Synthesis of
(2S,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldime-
thylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
[0211] To a stirred solution of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldim-
ethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol (100 mg, 0.274 mmol)
in anhydrous acetonitrile (10 mL) under argon atmosphere in a 25 mL
round-bottom flask, was added 2-Iodoxybenzoic acid (230 mg, 0.823
mmol). The resulting mixture was refluxed for 0.5 hours and then
cooled down to room temperature. The solids were filtered out and
the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the
title compound, which was used to the next reaction step directly
without further purification. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 363.20 [M+H].sup.+,
381.20 [M+H+H.sub.2O].sup.+.
Step 6: Synthesis of
((3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldimeth-
ylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol
[0212] To a stirred solution of
(2S,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldime-
thylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde (100 mg, 0.276 mmol,
crude) in 1,4-Dioxane (1 mL), was added formaldehyde solution (0.3
mL, 4.00 mmol), followed by the addition of sodium hydroxide
solution (0.3 mL, 0.600 mmol, 2 M) dropwise in 1 minute. The
resulting mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 3 hours. After
the reaction completed, the reaction mixture was neutralized by
addition of acetic acid, diluted with ethyl acetate and washed
successively with water, saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 and brine,
dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and evaporated under reduced pressure.
The residue was re-dissolved in anhydrous ethanol (2 mL) and added
sodium borohydride (20.87 mg, 0.552 mmol) in portions at 0.degree.
C. After stirring for 1 hour at 25.degree. C., the reaction mixture
was neutralized by addition of acetic acid, diluted with chloroform
(20 mL), washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried
over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and evaporated under reduced pressure. The
residue was purified by preparative-TLC with
dichloromethane/methanol (20/1) to give the title compound.
.sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 8.03 (s, 1H),
7.37 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (brs, 2H), 6.57 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H),
6.50 (dd, J=5.7 Hz, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (dd, J=5.1 Hz, J=6.3 Hz,
1H), 4.59-4.60 (m, 1H), 4.38 (dd, J=5.1 Hz, J=6.3 Hz, 1H),
3.46-3.61 (m, 4H), 2.70-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.13-2.20 (m, 1H), 0.90 (s,
9H), 0.09 (s, 6H). LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 395.20 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 7: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldime-
thylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
[0213] To a stirred solution of
((3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldimeth-
ylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol (100 mg, 0.253
mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (20 mL) under argon atmosphere, was
added 2-Iodoxybenzoic acid (284 mg, 1.014 mmol). The resulting
mixture was stirred at 30.degree. C. for 36 hours. LCMS indicated
that little part of started diol-nucleoside was left, and target
compound was the major product. The mixture was filtered, washed
with dichloromethane. The filtrate was collected and concentrated
under reduced pressure to give the title compound, which was used
to the next reaction step directly without further purification.
LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 393.28 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 8: Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldim-
ethylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
[0214] To a stirred solution of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldime-
thylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde (100
mg, 0.248 mmol, crude) in anhydrous methanol (10 mL) under argon
atmosphere, was added potassium carbonate (68.04 mg, 0.492 mmol).
The mixture was cooled down to 0.degree. C., then dimethyl
(1-diazo-2-oxopropyl)phosphonate (94.56 mg, 0.492 mmol) was added
dropwise in 2 minutes. After the resulting mixture was stirred at
25.degree. C. overnight, it was concentrated under reduced
pressure. The residue was purified by preparative-TLC
(methanol/dichloromethane=1/15) to give the title compound.
.sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta. 8.24 (s, 1H), 7.04
(d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.35 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (dd, J=5.7 Hz,
J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 5.48 (br, 2H), 4.73 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 4.03 (d,
J=12.6 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 3.13-3.23 (m, 1H), 2.58
(s, 1H), 2.22-2.28 (m, 1H), 0.95 (s, 9H), 0.15 (d, J=7.2 Hz,
6H).
Step 9: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-(hydro-
xymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol
[0215] To a stirred solution of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldim-
ethylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol (60 mg,
0.154 mmol) in anhydrous THF (2 mL) under argon atmosphere, was
added 1M tetrabutylammonium fluoride THF solution (0.309 mL, 0.309
mmol) dropwise in 1 minute at ambient temperature. The resulting
solution was stirred at this temperature for 2 hours. The reaction
progress was monitored by TLC. Upon the started nucleoside was all
consumed, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The
residue was purified by preparative-TLC
(methanol/dichloromethane=1/9) to give crude title compound that
was further purified by preparative-HPLC with the following
conditions: (1#-Pre-HPLC-011 (Waters)): Column, X-select CSH
Column, 19*150 mm, 5 um; mobile phase, water with 10 mmol ammonium
bicarbonate and acetonitrile (5% acetonitrile up to 20% in 7.5 min,
up to 95% in 2 min); Detector, UV 254 & 220 nm to give compound
1 as a solid. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta.
8.05 (s, 1H), 7.31 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (brs, 2H), 6.58 (d,
J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 5.40-5.49 (m, 2H), 4.49 (dd,
J=6.0 Hz, J=11.4 Hz, 1H), 3.51-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.46 (s, 1H),
2.55-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.39 (m, 1H). LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 275.20
[M+H].sup.+.
Example 2: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (2)
##STR00038## ##STR00039##
[0216] Step 1: Synthesis of
4-chloro-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0217] 4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (5 g, 32.6 mmol) and
SELECTFLUOR.RTM.
(1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
bis(tetrafluoroborate)) (17.30 g, 48.8 mmol) were placed in a 500
mL round-bottom flask under argon atmosphere. To the above was
added dry acetonitrile (150 mL) and dry acetic acid (50 mL). The
mixture was heated at 70.degree. C. and stirred for 16 hours. After
cooling down to room temperature, the solvents were removed under
reduced pressure and the residue was co-evaporated with toluene.
The crude solid was dissolved in a mixture of dichloromethane/ethyl
acetate (1:1) and filtered through a pad of silica gel. The
combined organic phases were evaporated under reduced pressure. The
crude product was then purified by silica gel chromatography with
dichloromethane/ethyl acetate (5:1) to give the title compound.
.sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 12.48 (brs, 1H),
8.62 (s, 1H), 7.71 (t, J=2.6 Hz, 1H). F-NMR: (376 MHz,
d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta.-170.76 (s, 1F). LC-MS: (ES, m/z):
172.00 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 2: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-chloro-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(((4-m-
ethylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate
[0218] To a suspension of sodium hydride 60% dispersion in mineral
oil (0.177 g, 4.41 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (40 mL) under
argon atmosphere, was added
4-chloro-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (0.688 g, 4.01 mmol)
in portions and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for
30 minutes. Then Intermediate A (1.56 g, 4.01 mmol) was added in
portions. After the reaction mixture was heated to 50.degree. C.
and stirred for 2 hours, the volatile was removed under reduced
pressure, the residue of was then purified by silica gel
chromatography with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1/1) to give the
title compound. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm):
.delta.8.62-8.68 (m, 1H), 7.91-7.99 (m, 4H), 7.26-7.29 (m, 4H),
7.16-7.18 (m, 2H), 6.84-6.88 (m, 1H), 5.74-5.76 (m, 1H), 4.60-4.74
(m, 3H), 2.74-2.79 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.46 (m, 6H). LC-MS: (ES, m/z):
524.30 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 3: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(hydrox-
ymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol
[0219] To an 80 mL steel bomb, was added
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-chloro-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(((4-m-
ethylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate (2.0
g, 3.82 mmol). The medium was cooled to -40.degree. C. To this was
added ammonia saturated i-PrOH (60 mL). After the mixture was
heated to 80.degree. C. and stirred for 18 hours, the resulting
mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was
purified by silica gel chromatography with dichloromethane/methanol
(5/1) to give the title compound. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz,
d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H),
6.99 (brs, 2H), 6.54 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H),
4.99 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.30-4.33 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.81 (m, 1H),
3.47-3.56 (m, 2H), 2.37-2.44 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.17 (m, 1H). F-NMR:
(376 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta.-167.49 (s, 1F).
Step 4: Synthesis of
7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsil-
yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4--
amine
[0220]
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(-
hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (538 mg, 2.006 mmol) and
imidazole (819 mg, 12.03 mmol) were added into a 25 mL round-bottom
flask under argon atmosphere. To this was added dry DMF (5 mL),
followed by the addition of tert-butylchlorodimethylsilane (1209
mg, 8.02 mmol) in portions. The resulting mixture was stirred at
25.degree. C. for 3 hours. The reaction progress was monitored by
TLC and LCMS. After the reaction completed, the mixture was diluted
with ethyl acetate (40 mL), washed with water (20 mL.times.2),
saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 (20 mL.times.2) and brine (20
mL.times.2) respectively. The organic layer was collected, dried
over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated under reduced
pressure. The crude product was then purified by silica gel
chromatography with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (28% to 41% ethyl
acetate in petroleum ether) to give the title compound.
.sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 8.07 (s, 1H),
7.27 (s, 1H), 6.99 (brs, 2H), 6.54 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.49 (s, 1H),
3.60-3.78 (m, 3H), 2.51-2.53 (m, 1H), 2.16-2.20 (m, 1H), 0.88 (d,
J=4.2 Hz, 18H), 0.11 (s, 6H), 0.04 (s, 6H). LC-MS: (ES, m/z):
497.71 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 5: Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-
-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
[0221] To a stirred solution of
7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsil-
yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4--
amine (900 mg, 1.812 mmol) in THF (12 mL) was added aqueous
trifluoroacetic acid (trifluoroacetic acid/water=1/1, v/v, 6 mL)
dropwise with stirring at 0.degree. C. in 10 minutes. The resulting
mixture was stirred at 0.degree. C. The reaction progress was
monitored by TLC. After the reaction was completed, the resulting
mixture was co-evaporated with toluene (50 mL.times.3) under vacuum
while the temperature maintained below 25.degree. C. to remove the
volatiles. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography
with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (52% to 58% ethyl acetate in
petroleum ether) to give the title compound. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz,
d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta.8.07 (s, 1H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 6.99 (brs,
2H), 6.53 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.47-4.51 (m,
1H), 3.76-3.79 (m, 1H), 3.44-3.57 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.51 (m, 1H),
2.11-2.16 (m, 1H), 0.90 (s, 9H), 0.11 (s, 6H). LC-MS: (ES, m/z):
383.26 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 6: Synthesis of
(2S,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
[0222] To a stirred solution of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-
-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol (360 mg,
0.941 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (12 mL) under argon, was
added 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (791 mg, 2.82 mmol). The resulting
mixture was refluxed for 35 minutes. The reaction was cooled down
to room temperature, and the solids were filtered out. The
filtration was collected and then concentrated under vacuum to give
the title compound, which was used to the next reaction step
directly without further purification.
Step 7: Synthesis of
((3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-bu-
tyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol
[0223] To a stirred solution of
(2S,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde (400 mg,
1.051 mmol, crude) in 1,4-dioxane (4 mL), was added formaldehyde
solution (1.2 mL, 16.01 mmol), followed by the addition of sodium
hydroxide solution (1.2 mL, 2 M, 2.400 mmol) dropwise over 5
minutes. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 3
hours, and then the reaction mixture was neutralized by addition of
acetic acid. The resulting mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate,
washed successively with water, saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 and
brine. The organic phase was dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and
evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in
ethanol (10 mL) and sodium borohydride was added (80 mg, 2.103
mmol) in portions at 0.degree. C. After stirring for 1 hour at
25.degree. C., the reaction mixture was neutralized by addition of
acetic acid and then diluted with chloroform and washed
successively with water and brine. The organic layer was dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue
was purified by silica gel chromatography with
dichloromethane/methanol (30/1) to give the title compound.
.sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 8.06 (s, 1H),
7.36 (s, 1H), 6.99 (brs, 2H), 6.57 (t, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (t,
J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.55-4.59 (m, 1H), 4.39 (t, J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.45-3.55
(m, 4H), 2.57-2.65 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.20 (m, 1H), 0.90 (s, 9H), 0.09
(s, 6H).
Step 8: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
[0224] To a stirred solution of
((3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-bu-
tyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol (120 mg,
0.291 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (8 mL) under argon
atmosphere, was added 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (326 mg, 1.164 mmol).
The resulting mixture was stirred at 30.degree. C. for 24 hours and
then filtered and washed with dichloromethane. The filtrate was
collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title
compound, which was used in the next reaction step directly without
further purification. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 411.43 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 9: Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-
-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
[0225] To a stirred solution of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
(110 mg, 0.268 mmol, crude) in anhydrous methanol (8 mL) under
argon, was added potassium carbonate (111 mg, 0.804 mmol). The
mixture was cooled down to 0.degree. C., then dimethyl
(1-diazo-2-oxopropyl)phosphonate (154 mg, 0.804 mmol) was added
dropwise over 1 minute. After the mixture was stirred at 25.degree.
C. overnight, the resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum,
and then purified by preparative-TLC
(methanol/dichloromethane=1/15) to give the title compound.
.sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 8.07 (s, 1H),
7.34 (s, 1H), 7.03 (br, 2H), 6.56 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 5.43 (t, J=6.0
Hz, 1H), 4.61 (t, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 3.58-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.49-3.53 (m,
1H), 3.47 (s, 1H), 2.52-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.23-2.31 (m, 1H), 0.91 (s,
9H), 0.11 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 6H). LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 407.30
[M+H].sup.+.
Step 10: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol
[0226] To a stirred solution of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-
-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol (40
mg, 0.098 mmol) in anhydrous THF (2 mL) under argon atmosphere, was
added TBAF/THF solution (0.118 mL, 0.118 mmol) dropwise with
stirring over 1 minute at room temperature and the resulting
solution was stirred at this temperature for 2 hours. After the
reaction completed, the resulting mixture was concentrated under
vacuum, and the residue was purified by preparative-TLC
(methanol/dichloromethane=1/10) to give crude product (28 mg). The
crude product was further purified by preparative-HPLC with the
following conditions: (1#-Pre-HPLC-011 (Waters)): Column, X-select
CSH Column, 19*150 mm, 5 um; mobile phase, water with 10 mmol
ammonium bicarbonate and acetonitrile (5% acetonitrile up to 35% in
7.5 min, up to 95% in 2 min); Detector, UV 254 & 220 nm. The
product-containing fractions were collected and lyophilized to give
compound 2 as a solid. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm):
.delta.8.07 (s, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (br, 2H), 6.55
(t, J=5.8 Hz, 1H), 6.05 (br, 1H), 5.31-5.45 (m, 1H), 4.46 (t, J=6.6
Hz, 1H), 3.58 (dd, J=11.8 Hz, J=29.4 Hz, 2H), 3.47 (s, 1H),
2.44-2.51 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.36 (m, 1H). F-NMR: (376 MHz,
d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta.-167.23 (s, 1F). LC-MS: (ES, m/z):
293.10 [M+H].sup.+, 315.10 [M+Na].sup.+.
Example 3: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (3)
##STR00040## ##STR00041##
[0227] Step 1: 5-bromo-4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0228] 4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1 g, 6.51 mmol) was
suspended in dry DCM (20 mL) followed by the addition of NBS
(N-bromosuccinimide) (1.275 g, 7.16 mmol) at ambient temperature
under argon atmosphere. The mixture was heated to reflux and
stirred 16 hours. Upon the started deaza-pyrimidine was all
consumed, the mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and
maintained for 30 min. The precipitated was collected by
filtration, washed with DCM (2.times.20 mL), dried under vacuum to
give the title compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 233.90 [M+H].sup.+.
.sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 12.98 (brs, 1H),
8.64 (s, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H).
Step 2: Synthesis of
4-chloro-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0229] 5-bromo-4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (232 mg, 0.998
mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (10 mL) and cooled to -78.degree. C.
under argon atmosphere. To this was added n-butyllithium hexanes
solution (2.5 M, 0.88 mL, 2.196 mmol) dropwise with stirring in 5
minutes. The mixture was stirred for about 40 minutes followed by
the addition of iodomethane (212 mg, 1.497 mmol). The solution was
then warmed slowly to room temperature in 2 hours. Water (2 mL) was
added to quench the reaction. The volatile was removed in vacuo
below 40.degree. C. to yield a slurry. The slurry was re-dissolved
in EtOAc (50 mL) and washed with water (2.times.15 mL) and brine
(20 mL). The organic layer was collected, dried over anhydrous
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in
vacuo to yield a powder that was re-crystallized from MeOH to
afford the title compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 168.00 [M+H].sup.+.
.sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 12.22 (brs, 1H),
8.51 (s, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 2.41 (d, J=0.90 Hz, 1H).
Step 3: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-chloro-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(((4-m-
ethylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate
[0230] To a stirred suspension of sodium hydride (60% dispersion in
oil, 0.453 g, 11.32 mmol) in anhydrous ACN (50 mL) was added
4-chloro-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1.724 g, 10.29 mmol)
in portions under argon atmosphere and the mixture was stirred at
25.degree. C. for 30 minutes. To the resulted clear solution was
added Intermediate A (4.0 g, 10.29 mmol) portionwise at 25.degree.
C. The resulting mixture was heated to 50.degree. C. and stirred
for 3 hours. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC. The
mixture was concentrated under vacuum gave a solid, which was
purified by silica-gel column chromatography using ethyl
acetate/petrol ether (1:6, v/v) to give the title compound. LC-MS:
(ES, m/z): 520.25 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3,
ppm): .delta. 8.55 (s, 1H), 7.90-7.99 (m, 4H), 7.20-7.30 (m, 4H),
7.11 (s, 1H), 6.81 (dd, J=6.0 Hz, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.76 (dd, J=1.5
Hz, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 4.73-4.79 (m, 1H), 4.54-4.64 (m, 2H), 2.79-2.88
(m, 1H), 2.68-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.43 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 6H), 2.33 (d, J=0.9
Hz, 3H).
Step 4: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(hydrox-
ymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol
[0231] To a 150 mL steel bomb was placed
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-chloro-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(((4-m-
ethylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate (4.5
g, 7.79 mmol). The medium was cooled to -40.degree. C. To this was
added 2-propanolic ammonia (i-PrOH/Liquid NH.sub.3=1/1, v/v, 120
mL). The bomb was sealed and the mixture was heated to 90.degree.
C. and stirred for 40 hours. Upon the reaction was complete, the
mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C. and concentrated under vacuum.
The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using
DCM/MeOH (4/1) to give the title compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 265.10
[M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta.
8.00 (s, 1H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 6.58 (brs, 2H), 6.45 (dd, J=6.0 Hz,
J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 5.21 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H), 5.05 (t, J=5.1 Hz, 1H),
4.32-4.36 (m, 1H), 3.78 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 3.44-3.57 (m, 2H),
2.39-2.51 (m, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.06-2.13 (m, 3H).
Step 5: Synthesis of
7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsil-
yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4--
amine
[0232] To a stirred solution of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(hydrox-
ymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (1.7 g, 6.43 mmol) and 1H-imidazole
(1.752 g, 25.7 mmol) in dry DMF (10 mL) was added
tert-butylchlorodimethylsilane (2.91 g, 19.30 mmol) with stirring
at 25.degree. C. under argon atmosphere. The resulting mixture was
stirred at 25.degree. C. for 3 hours and then diluted with ethyl
acetate (100 mL), washed with water (2.times.30 mL), aqueous
NaHCO.sub.3 (saturated, 2.times.30 mL) and brine (30 mL)
respectively. The organic layer was collected and dried over
anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give
crude product. The crude product was then purified by silica gel
column chromatography using ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (28% to
41% EA in PE) to give the title compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 493.30
[M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta. 8.24
(s, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 6.67 (dd, J=6.3 Hz, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 5.37 (br,
2H), 4.54-4.57 (m, 1H), 3.94 (dd, J=3.3 Hz, J=6.3 Hz, 1H),
3.72-3.82 (m, 2H), 2.37-2.46 (m, 4H), 2.25-2.32 (m, 1H), 0.91 (2s,
18H), 0.10 (s, 12H).
Step 6: Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-(tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
[0233] To a stirred solution of
7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)met-
hyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine
(2.5 g, 5.07 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added a pre-cooled solution
of trifluoroacetic acid/water (1/1, v/v, 15 mL) dropwise with
stirring at 0.degree. C. in 10 minutes. The resulting mixture was
stirred at 0.degree. C. for 3 hours. The reaction progress was
monitored by TLC. The resulting solution was co-evaporated with
toluene (3.times.100 mL) while maintaining the inner temperature
below 25.degree. C. The resulting crude product was then purified
by silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate/petroleum
ether (50% to 58% EA in PE) to give the title compound. LC-MS: (ES,
m/z): 493.30 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CD.sub.3OD, ppm):
.delta. 8.18 (s, 1H), 7.41 (s, 1H), 6.59 (dd, J=6.0 Hz, J=7.8 Hz,
1H), 4.56-4.60 (m, 1H), 3.93 (dd, J=3.9 Hz, J=6.6 Hz, 1H),
3.65-3.70 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.54 (m, 1H), 2.42 (d, J=0.9 Hz, 3H),
2.23-2.31 (m, 1H), 0.91 (s, 9H), 0.11 (s, 6H).
Step 7: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-(tert-b-
utyldimethylsilyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
[0234] To a stirred suspension of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-(tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol (600 mg, 1.585
mmol) in anhydrous ACN (12 mL) was added IBX (888 mg, 3.17 mmol)
under argon atmosphere. The mixture was heated to reflux and
stirred for 55 minutes. The reaction progress was monitored by
LCMS. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the solids
were filtered out. The filtration was collected and then
concentrated under vacuum to give the title compound, which was
used to the next reaction step directly without further
purification. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 377.15 [M+H].sup.+, 409.15
[M+H+MeOH].sup.+.
Step 8: Synthesis of
((3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-(tert-but-
yldimethylsilyl)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol
[0235] To a stirred solution of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-(tert-b-
utyldimethylsilyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde (420 mg, crude) in
1,4-Dioxane (12 mL) and water (3 mL) in a 50 mL round-bottom flask,
was added aqueous formaldehyde (37% w/w, 6 mL) followed by the
addition of sodium hydroxide solution (2 N, 6 mL, 0.12 mmol)
dropwise in 2 minutes. The resulting mixture was stirred at
25.degree. C. for 3 hours. Upon the started nucleoside-aldehyde was
all consumed, the reaction mixture was neutralized by the addition
of AcOH (about 0.8 mL). The resulting mixture was diluted with
AcOEt (50 mL) and washed successively with water (30 mL), saturated
aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 (20 mL) and brine (20 mL). The organic layer
was dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and
concentrated under vacuum. The residue was re-dissolved in
anhydrous EtOH (8 mL) and added sodium borohydride (84.4 mg, 2.23
mmol) in portions at 0.degree. C. After stirring for 1 hour at
25.degree. C., the reaction mixture was neutralized by addition of
AcOH. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum, partitioned
between CHCl.sub.3 (50 mL) and water (30 mL). The aqueous layer was
re-extracted with CHCl.sub.3 (2.times.20 mL). The combined organic
layer was washed successively with water and brine, dried over
anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum.
The residue was purified by purified by silica gel column
chromatography using dichloromethane/methanol (5.5% MeOH in DCM) to
give the title compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 409.35 [M+H].sup.+,
431.35 [M+Na].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm):
.delta. 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.11 (s, 1H), 6.56 (br, 2H), 6.48 (dd, J=6.0
Hz, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.45-6.47 (m, 1H), 5.02 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.58
(t, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (dd, J=4.5 Hz, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 3.42-3.60 (m,
4H), 2.58-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.09-2.16 (m, 1H), 0.90 (s,
9H), 0.09 (s, 6H).
Step 9: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
[0236]
((3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((t-
ert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy) tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol
(140 mg, 0.343 mmol) was suspended in dry ACN (15 mL) under argon
atmosphere followed by the addition of 2-iodylbenzoic acid (240 mg,
0.857 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 30.degree. C. for 20 hours.
The solid was filtered out, washed with CHCl.sub.3 (2.times.20 mL).
The combined filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to afford the
title compound, which was used to the next reaction step directly
without further purification. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 407.25
[M+H].sup.+.
Step 10: Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-
-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
[0237] To a stirred solution of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
(120 mg, .about.0.236 mmol, crude) in dry MeOH (15 mL) was added
K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (82 mg, 0.590 mmol) at 0.degree. C. under argon
atmosphere, followed by the addition of a solution of dimethyl
(1-diazo-2-oxopropyl)phosphonate (91 mg, 0.472 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL)
dropwise with stirring at 0.degree. C. in 2 minutes. The resulting
mixture was gradually warmed to 25.degree. C. and stirred for 16
hours. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was
purified by flash silica gel column chromatography using ethyl
acetate/petroleum ether (30%-50% EA in PE) to afford the title
compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 403.25 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300
MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 6.60
(br, 2H), 6.49 (dd, J=6.0 Hz, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 5.48 (t, J=5.7 Hz,
1H), 4.62 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.57-3.68 (m, 1H), 3.48-3.52 (m, 1H),
3.45 (s, 1H), 2.49-2.62 (m, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.21-2.31 (m, 1H),
0.91 (s, 9H), 0.12 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 6H).
Step 11: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (3)
[0238] To a stirred solution of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-
-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol (27
mg, 0.067 mmol) in dry THF (1 mL) was added tetra-butylammonium
fluoride THF solution (1.0 M, 0.067 mL, 0.067 mmol) dropwise with
stirring at 0.degree. C. The resulting mixture was stirred at
25.degree. C. for 30 minutes. The reaction progress was monitored
by TLC. The resulting solution was concentrated under vacuum. The
crude product was purified by preparative-HPLC with the following
conditions (1#-Pre-HPLC-011 (Waters)): Column, XBridge.TM. C18
Column, 19*150 mm, 5 um; mobile phase, water with 10 mmol ammonium
bicarbonate and acetonitrile (30% acetonitrile up to 70% in 10 min,
up to 95% in 2 min, down to 5% in 1.5 min); Flow rate: 20 mL/min;
Detector, UV 254&220 nm. The product-containing fractions were
collected and lyophilized to give the title compound. LC-MS: (ES,
m/z): 289.05 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO,
ppm): .delta.8.00 (s, 1H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 6.58 (br, 2H), 6.48 (t,
J=6.60 Hz, 1H), 5.45 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.38 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H),
4.46 (q, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 3.50-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.44 (s, 1H), 2.44-2.54
(m, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.24-2.32 (m, 1H).
Example 4: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (4)
##STR00042## ##STR00043##
[0239] Step 1: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(2,4-dichloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(((4-methyl-
benzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate
[0240] To a stirred suspension of sodium hydride (60% dispersion in
mineral oil, 0.509 g, 12.73 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (125
mL) was added 2,4-dichloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (2.176 g,
11.57 mmol) in portions under argon atmosphere and the mixture was
stirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes. To the above clear
solution was added Intermediate A (4.5 g, 11.57 mmol) batch wise
with stirring. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at ambient
temperature for 2 hours. The reaction progress was monitored by
TLC. Evaporation of the reaction mixture gave an oily residue,
which was purified by silica-gel column chromatography using ethyl
acetate/petroleum ether (1/6, v/v) to give the title compound.
LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 540.20 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta. 8.01 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.93 (d, J=8.0
Hz, 2H), 7.43 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.37 (m, 4H), 6.80 (dd, J=6.0
Hz, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.61 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 5.76 (t, J=2.8 Hz, 1H),
4.76 (dd, J=3.6 Hz, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 4.63-4.69 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.86
(m, 2H), 2.47, 2.45 (2s, 6H).
Step 2: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(hydrox-
ymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol
[0241] To a 250 mL steel bomb was added
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(2,4-dichloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(((4-methyl-
benzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate (5 g, 9.25
mmol). The medium was cooled to -40.degree. C. To this was added
isopropanolic ammonia (isopropanol/liquid ammonia=1/3, v/v, 150
mL). The medium was sealed, heated to 90.degree. C. and stirred for
16 hours. The resulting mixture was cooled to room temperature and
concentrated under vacuum. The residue was re-dissolved in MeOH
(100 mL), followed by the addition of sodium methoxide MeOH
solution (1.0 M, 16.89 mL, 16.89 mmol) dropwise at 0.degree. C. The
resulting mixture was warmed to 25.degree. C. and stirred for 2
hours. After the reaction achieved to complete, the mixture was
neutralized by the addition of acetic acid (0.01 mL) and
concentrated under vacuum. The residue was suspended in DCM/MeOH
(v/v, 100/1, 150 mL). After stirring for 20 minutes, a solid was
precipitated. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with
DCM and dried in vacuo to give the title compound. LC-MS: (ES,
m/z): 285.20 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, CD.sub.3OD, ppm):
.delta. 7.31 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 6.58 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (t,
J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.52-4.53 (m, 1H), 3.98-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.81 (dd,
J=2.4 Hz, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (dd, J=3.2 Hz, J=12.0 Hz, 1H),
2.63-2.70 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.34 (m, 1H).
Step 3: Synthesis of
7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsil-
yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4--
amine
[0242] To a stirred solution of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(hydrox-
ymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (3.2 g, 6.74 mmol) and imidazole
(1.836 g, 27.0 mmol) in dry DMF (10 mL) under argon atmosphere was
added TBS-Cl (3.05 g, 20.23 mmol) at ambient temperature. The
resulting mixture was stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was
diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with water (2.times.20
mL), aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 (saturated, 2.times.20 mL) and brine
(2.times.20 mL) successively. The organic layer was dried over
anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum.
The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using
ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (35% to 42% EA in PE) to give the
title compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 513.20 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR:
(400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta.7.32 (s, 1H), 6.61 (t, J=6.8 Hz,
1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 5.44 (br, 2H), 4.59-4.61 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.99 (m,
1H), 3.77-3.88 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.51 (m, 1H), 2.34-2.37 (m, 1H),
0.93-0.95 (m, 18H), 0.11-0.12 (m, 12H). .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz,
CD.sub.3OD, ppm): .delta. 7.31 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 6.58 (d, J=2.8
Hz, 1H), 6.45 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.52-4.53 (m, 1H), 3.98-4.01 (m,
1H), 3.81 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (dd, J=3.2 Hz, J=12.0
Hz, 1H), 2.63-2.70 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.34 (m, 1H).
Step 4: Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-
-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
[0243] To a stirred solution of
7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsil-
yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4--
amine (2.3 g, 4.48 mmol) in THF (40 mL) was added a pre-cooled
solution of trifluoroacetic acid/water (v/v, 1/1, 20 mL) dropwise
with stirring at 0.degree. C. in 10 minutes. The resulting mixture
was stirred for 2 hours at 0.degree. C. The reaction progress was
monitored by TLC. The resulting solution was co-evaporated with
toluene (3.times.60 mL) while maintain the inner temperature below
25.degree. C. give a pink syrup. The residue was purified by silica
gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate/dichloromethane (1/1)
to give the title compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 399.20 [M+H].sup.+.
.sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 7.53 (br, 2H),
7.35 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 6.35 (t, J=6.8 Hz,
1H), 4.95 (t, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 4.51-4.54 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.79 (m, 1H),
3.46-3.55 (m, 2H), 2.54-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.16-2.20 (m, 1H), 0.90 (s,
9H), 0.11 (s, 6H). .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm):
.delta. 7.53 (br, 2H), 7.35 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (d, J=3.2 Hz,
1H), 6.35 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.95 (t, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 4.51-4.54 (m,
1H), 3.73-3.79 (m, 1H), 3.46-3.55 (m, 2H), 2.54-2.59 (m, 1H),
2.16-2.20 (m, 1H), 0.90 (s, 9H), 0.11 (s, 6H).
Step 5: Synthesis of
(2S,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
[0244] To a stirred solution of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-
-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol (600 mg,
1.504 mmol) in anhydrous DMSO (3 mL) and acetonitrile (15 mL) under
argon atmosphere was added IBX (632 mg, 2.256 mmol). The mixture
was stirred at ambient temperature for 2.5 hours. The reaction
mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (20 mL), washed with brine
(2.times.10 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered.
The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title
compound, which was used to the next step directly without further
purification. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 415.40 [M+H.sub.2O].sup.+.
Step 6: Synthesis of
((3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-bu-
tyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol
[0245] To a stirred solution of
(2S,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde (700 mg,
crude) in 1,4-dioxane (28 mL) and water (7 mL) was added
formaldehyde solution (7 mL, 93 mmol), followed by addition a
aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (7 mL, 2 N, 14.00 mmol)
dropwise in 5 minutes. The resulting mixture was stirred at
25.degree. C. for 3 hours. Upon the started nucleoside-aldehyde was
all consumed, the reaction mixture was neutralized by the addition
of acetic acid (0.5 mL). The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate
(100 mL) and washed successively with water (2.times.20 mL),
saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 (20 mL) and brine (20 mL). The
organic layer was dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and
concentrated under vacuum. The residue was re-dissolved in
anhydrous EtOH (4 mL) and added sodium borohydride (133 mg, 3.53
mmol) under argon atmosphere in portions at 0.degree. C. After
stirring for 1 hour at 25.degree. C., the mixture was neutralized
by the addition of acetic acid (1.0 mL). The mixture was
concentrated under vacuum. The residue was diluted with CHCl.sub.3
(100 mL) and washed successively with water (2.times.20 mL) and
brine (1.times.20 mL). The organic layer was dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The
residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using
DCM/MeOH (30/1) to give the title compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z):
429.30 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm):
.delta. 7.51 (br, 2H), 7.38 (d, J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (d, J=3.6 Hz,
1H), 6.40 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 4.88 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (dd,
J=3.3 Hz, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.39 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.43-3.63 (m, 4H),
2.61-2.70 (m, 1H), 2.21-2.29 (m, 1H), 0.90 (s, 9H), 0.10 (s,
6H).
Step 7: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
[0246] To a stirred solution of
((3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-bu-
tyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol (150 mg,
0.350 mmol) in dry acetonitrile (15 mL) was added IBX (294 mg,
1.049 mmol) under argon atmosphere. The resulting mixture was
stirred at 30.degree. C. for 2 hours. The mixture was filtered,
washed with CHCl3 (3.times.15 mL). The filtrate was collected and
then concentrated under vacuum to give the title compound, which
was used to the next step directly without further purification.
LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 427.30 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 8: Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-
-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
[0247]
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-(-
(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldeh-
yde (200 mg, 0.468 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous MeOH (9 mL)
followed by the addition of potassium carbonate (162 mg, 1.171
mmol) at 0.degree. C. under argon atmosphere. To the suspension was
added a solution of dimethyl (1-diazo-2-oxopropyl)phosphonate (180
mg, 0.937 mmol) in MeOH (1 mL) dropwise with stirring in 1 minute.
The resulting mixture was warmed to 30.degree. C. and stirred for
16 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The
residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (30 mL) and water (10
mL). The organic layer was collected, washed with brine (2.times.10
mL), dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and
concentrated under vacuum. The residue was then purified by
preparative-TLC (MeOH/DCM=1/15) to afford the title compound.
LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 423.60 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz,
d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 7.55 (br, 2H), 7.34 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H),
6.61 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 5.32 (t, J=6.0 Hz,
1H), 4.67 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.58-3.61 (m, 1H), 3.48-3.52 (m, 1H),
3.47 (s, 1H), 2.60-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.35 (m, 1H), 0.91 (s, 9H),
0.11 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 6H).
Step 9: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol
[0248] To a stirred solution of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-
-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol (60
mg, 0.142 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was added TBAF THF solution (1 M,
0.28 mL, 0.284 mmol) dropwise with stirring at ambient temperature.
The resulting solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 2
hours. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was
then purified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions
(1#-Pre-HPLC-011 (Waters)): Column, SunFire Prep C18 OBD Column, 5
um, 19*150 mm; mobile phase, water (with 10 mmol ammonium
bicarbonate) and acetonitrile (8% acetonitrile up to 40% in 6 min,
up to 95% in 1.5 min, down to 5% in 1 min); Detector, uv
254&220 nm. The product-containing fractions were collected and
lyophilized to give compound 4 as a solid. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 309.00
[M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta.
7.54 (br, 2H), 7.33 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.41
(t, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 5.52-5.53 (m, 1H), 5.26 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H),
4.47-4.48 (m, 1H), 3.61 (dd, J=5.2 Hz, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 3.53 (dd,
J=6.2 Hz, J=11.8 Hz, 1H), 3.48 (s, 1H), 2.41-2.50 (m, 1H),
2.32-2.38 (m, 1H)
Example 5: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-bromo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl--
2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (5)
##STR00044## ##STR00045##
[0249] Step 1: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5S)-5-(5-bromo-4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(((4-me-
thylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate
[0250] Sodium hydride (0.479 g, 11.98 mmol) was added to a stirred
solution of 5-bromo-4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (2.32 g,
9.98 mmol, synthesis described in Example 3, Step 1) in
acetonitrile (30 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred for 30
minutes at 0.degree. C., and then
(2R,3S,5R)-5-chloro-2-(((4-methylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran--
3-yl 4-methylbenzoate (4.27 g, 10.98 mmol) was added. After the
resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, it
was diluted with 200 mL of ethyl acetate, washed with saturated
aqueous sodium bicarbonate (60 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium
chloride (60 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and
concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel
column chromatography with petroleum etherethyl acetate (1:2) to
give the title compound: .sup.1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) .delta. 8.65
(s, 1H), 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.84 (d, J=8.1 Hz,
2H), 7.24-7.39 (m, 4H), 6.76-6.79 (m, 1H), 5.74-5.76 (m, 1H),
4.51-4.68 (m, 3H), 3.05-3.15 (m, 1H), 2.74-2.79 (m, 1H), 2.37 (d,
J=1.8 Hz, 6H).
Step 2: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-bromo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(hydroxy-
methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol
[0251]
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(5-bromo-4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(-
((4-methylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate
(4.50 g, 7.69 mmol) was added to NH.sub.3 saturated i-PrOH (15 mL)
at -60.degree. C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 80.degree.
C. for 12 hours, and then cooled down to room temperature and
evaporated under vacuum to give
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-bromo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(((4-met-
hylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate (4.2 g,
7.43 mmol) as a solid. This crude compound was dissolved in 30 mL
MeOH, and then sodium methanolate (14.86 mL, 14.86 mmol) was added.
After the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 2
hours, it was quenched with acetic acid (0.1 mL) and concentrated
under vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column
chromatography by petroleum ether ethyl acetate (1:2) to give the
title compound: .sup.1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) .delta. 8.12 (s, 1H),
7.78 (s, 1H), 6.78 (s, 2H), 6.48-6.51 (m, 1H), 5.25 (s, 1H), 5.01
(s, 1H), 4.32 (s, 1H), 3.81 (s, 1H), 3.17 (s, 1H), 2.35-2.50 (m,
1H), 2.12-2.19 (m, 1H).
Step 3: Synthesis of
5-bromo-7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldim-
ethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-a-
mine
[0252] Tert-butylchlorodimethylsilane (1.786 g, 11.85 mmol) was
added to a stirred solution of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-bromo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(hydroxy-
methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (1.3 g, 3.95 mmol), 1H-imidazole (1.076
g, 15.80 mmol) in DMF (8 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at
room temperature for 4 hours, and then diluted with 400 mL of ethyl
acetate, washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (80 mL)
and saturated aqueous sodium chloride (80 mL), dried over anhydrous
sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified
by silica gel column chromatography with ethyl acetate/petroleum
ether (1:4) to give the title compound: .sup.1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO)
.delta. 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 6.79 (s, 2H), 6.48-6.53 (m,
1H), 4.50 (s, 1H), 3.62-3.76 (m, 3H), 2.43-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.16
(m, 1H), 0.88 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 18H), 0.10 (s, 6H), 0.05 (s, 6H).
Step 4: Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-bromo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)
[0253]
5-bromo-7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tertbutyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tertbuty-
ldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-
-4-amine (1.55 g, 2.78 mmol) was dissolved in THF (4 mL) and then
treated with a precooled solution of trifluoroacetic acid/water
(v/v=1/1, 4 mL) dropwise with stirring at 0.degree. C. in 10
minutes. After the resulting mixture was stirred at 0.degree. C.
for 2 hours, it was coevaporated with toluene below 25.degree. C.
to give a pink syrup. The residue was applied onto a silica gel
column, eluted with ethyl acetate/dichloromethane (1/1) to give the
title compound: .sup.1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) .delta. 8.19 (s, 1H),
7.74 (s, 1H), 7.28 (s, 2H), 6.50 (q, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.51 (q, J=2.7
Hz, 1H), 3.81 (s, 1H), 3.47-3.57 (m, 2H), 2.49-2.58 (m, 1H),
2.17-2.22 (m, 1H), 0.85 (s, 9H), 0.09 (s, 6H).
Step 5: Synthesis of
(2R,3S)-2-(((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-methoxy-2-phenyltetrah-
ydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate
[0254] 2-Iodoxybenzoic acid (839 mg, 3.00 mmol) was added to a
solution of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-bromo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol (443 mg, 0.999
mmol) in acetonitrile (45 mL). The resulting solution was stirred
at 80.degree. C. for 2 hours, then cooled down to 0.degree. C.,
filtered and concentrated under reducing pressure. This resulted in
the title compound, which was used to the next step directly
without further purification: MS(ES, m/z): 441.08[M+H].sup.+.
Step 6: Synthesis of
((2S,4R)-4-(4-amino-5-bromo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-((tert-but-
yldimethylsilyl)oxy)cyclopentane-1,1-diyl)dimethanol
[0255] Sodium hydroxide (4.03 mL, 8.07 mmol) was added to a stirred
solution of
(2S,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-bromo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-b-
utyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde (445 mg, 1.008
mmol) and formaldehyde (1009 mg, 10.08 mmol) in dioxane (6 mL). The
resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours, and
then diluted with 150 mL of ethyl acetate, washed with saturated
aqueous sodium bicarbonate (30 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium
chloride (30 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and
concentrated under vacuum to give a solid. Sodium borohydride (109
mg, 2.88 mmol) was added to the solution of the prior solid in
ethanol (15 mL) at 0.degree. C. The resulting solution was stirred
at room temperature for 2 hours, then quenched with acetic acid
(0.1 mL) and concentrated under reducing pressure. The crude
product was applied onto a silica gel column chromatography by
petroleum ether ethyl acetate (1:2) to give the title compound.
MS(ES, m/z): 473.43 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 7: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-bromo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-b-
utyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
[0256] 2-Iodoxybenzoic acid (302 mg, 1.077 mmol) was added to a
solution of
((3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-bromo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol (170 mg,
0.359 mmol) in acetonitrile (40 mL). After the resulting solution
was stirred at 0.degree. C. for 12 hours, it was cooled down to
0.degree. C. and then concentrated under reducing pressure to give
the title compound, which was used to the next step directly
without further purification. MS(ES, m/z): 471.43[M+H].sup.+.
Step 8: Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-bromo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
[0257] Dimethyl (1-diazo-2-oxopropyl)phosphonate (139 mg, 0.721
mmol) was added to a solution of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-bromo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-b-
utyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
(170 mg, 0.361 mmol), potassium carbonate (125 mg, 0.902 mmol) in
methanol (8 mL) at 0.degree. C. The resulting solution was stirred
at room temperature for 12 hours, then filtered and concentrated
under reducing pressure. The crude compound was purified by
Prep-TLC by petroleum etherethyl acetate (1:2) to give the title
compound. .sup.1H-NMR (300 MHz, CD.sub.3OD, ppm) .delta. 8.00 (s,
1H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 6.44-6.47 (m, 1H), 4.62-4.66 (m, 1H), 3.61-3.71
(m, 2H), 2.90 (s, 1H), 2.25-2.55 (m, 2H), 0.88 (s, 9H), 0.57 (d,
J=3 Hz, 6H).
Step 9: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-bromo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl--
2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol
[0258]
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-bromo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-(-
(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
(40 mg, 0.086 mmol) and TBAF (0.086 mL, 0.086 mmol) was dissolved
into THF (1 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 2 hours at
30.degree. C., then evaporated and purified as following condition:
Column: X Bridge C18, 19*150 mm, 5 um; Mobile Phase A:Water/0.05%
TFA, Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 20 mL/min; Gradient: 30% B to
70% B in 10 min; 254 nm. This resulted in compound 5 as a solid:
.sup.1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO, ppm) .delta. 8.11 (s, 1H), 7.59 (s,
1H), 6.52 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 4.48 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.53-3.64 (m,
2H), 3.44 (s, 1H), 2.33-2.52 (m, 2H); MS (ES, m/z): 353.17
[M+H].sup.+.
Example 6: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (6)
##STR00046## ##STR00047##
[0259] Step 1: Synthesis of
4,5-dichloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0260] To a mixture of 4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (2.5 g,
16.28 mmol) in dry DCM (100 mL) was added NCS (N-chlorosuccinimide)
(4.35 g, 32.6 mmol) at 25.degree. C. The resulting mixture was
stirred for 16 hours at 40.degree. C. under argon atmosphere. When
the 4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine was consumed, the mixture
was filtered directly without cooling. The solid was collected,
washed with DCM (20 mL), dried under vacuum to give
4,5-dichloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine as a solid. LC-MS: (ES,
m/z): 188.01 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO,
ppm): .delta. 12.90 (br, 1H), 8.65 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=2.7 Hz,
1H).
Step 2: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4,5-dichloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(((4-methyl-
benzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate
[0261] To a suspension of NaH (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 0.538
g, 13.46 mmol) in anhydrous ACN (100 mL) under argon atmosphere in
a 250 mL three necked round-bottom flask, was added
4,5-dichloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (2.3 g, 12.23 mmol) in
portions and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30
minutes. The cloudy mixture became clear and then
(2R,3S)-5-chloro-2-(((4-methylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl-4-m-
ethylbenzoate (Intermediate A, 4.76 g, 12.23 mmol) was added
portionwise with stirring in 5 minutes. The resulting mixture was
heated to 50.degree. C. and stirred for 2 hours. The reaction
progress was monitored by TLC. The volatile was removed under
vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column
chromatography using 10%-40% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether to
afford the title compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 540.39 [M+H].sup.+.
.sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta. 8.64 (s, 1H),
7.91-7.99 (m, 4H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.25-7.30 (m, 4H), 6.80 (t, J=6.9
Hz, 1H), 5.75 (dd, J=3.6 Hz, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.60-4.78 (m, 3H),
2.76-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.44 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 6H).
Step 3: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(hydrox-
ymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol
[0262] To a 150 mL steel bomb, was placed
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4,5-dichloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(((4-methyl-
benzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate (3.6 g,
6.66 mmol). The medium was cooled to -40.degree. C. To this was
added isopropanolic ammonia (isopropanol/liquid ammonia=1/3, v/v,
120 mL). The medium was sealed, heated to 90.degree. C. and stirred
for 16 hours. TLC indicated that the started nucleoside was all
consumed and target product was observed as a major product. The
resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The crude product
was purified by silica gel column chromatography using 2%-10%
methanol in dichloromethane to afford the title compound. LC-MS:
(ES, m/z): 284.70 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO,
ppm): .delta. 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 6.87 (br, 2H), 6.51 (dd,
J=6.3 Hz, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.25 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (t, J=5.6 Hz,
1H), 4.30-4.34 (m, 1H), 3.81 (dd, J=4.3 Hz, J=6.8 Hz, 1H),
3.46-3.60 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.48 (m, 1H), 2.13-2.20 (m, 1H).
Step 4. Synthesis of
7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsil-
yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4--
amine
[0263] To a stirred solution of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(hydrox-
ymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (1.7 g, 5.97 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was
added 1H-imidazole (1.423 g, 20.90 mmol) and TBDMS-Cl (2.70 g,
17.91 mmol) successively at 0.degree. C. under argon atmosphere.
The resulting mixture was warmed to 25.degree. C. and stirred for 2
hours. The resulting solution was diluted with ethyl acetate (100
mL), washed with water (100 mL). The aqueous layer was re-extracted
with ethyl acetate (2.times.100 mL). The organic layers were
combined, washed with saturated aq NaHCO.sub.3 (2.times.100 mL) and
brine (2.times.100 mL) successively, dried over anhydrous
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The
residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using
2%-10% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether to afford the title
compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 513.22 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300
MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta.8.10 (s, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 6.85
(br, 2H), 6.51 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.48-4.52 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.80 (m,
3H), 2.55-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.24 (m, 1H), 0.89 (s, 18H), 0.08 (d,
J=13.6 Hz, 12H).
Step 5. Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-
-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
[0264] To a stirred solution of
7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsil-
yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4--
amine (2.42 g, 4.72 mmol) in THF (48 mL) was added a pre-cooled
solution of trifluoroacetic acid/water (1/1, v/v, 24 mL) dropwise
with stirring at 0.degree. C. in 10 minutes. The resulting mixture
was stirred at 0.degree. C. for 4 hours. The reaction progress was
monitored by TLC. The resulting solution was co-evaporated with
toluene (3.times.100 mL) while maintain the inner temperature below
25.degree. C. The resulting crude material was purified by silica
gel column chromatography using 2%-10% methanol in dichloromethane
to afford the title compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 398.96 [M+H].sup.+.
.sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 8.28 (s, 1H),
7.86 (br, 2H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 6.52 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (t, J=2.6
Hz, 1H), 3.83 (dd, J=4.5 Hz, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.48-3.60 (m, 2H),
2.50-2.58 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.25 (m, 1H), 0.90 (s, 9H), 0.11 (s,
6H).
Step 6. Synthesis of
(2S,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert
butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
[0265] To a stirred solution of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-
-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol (300 mg,
0.752 mmol) in anhydrous ACN (30 mL) was added 2-Iodoxybenzoic acid
(632 mg, 2.256 mmol) under argon atmosphere. The mixture was heated
to 85.degree. C. and stirred for 20 minutes. The solid was filtered
out. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford the title
compound, which was used to the next reaction step directly without
further purification. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 396.94 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 7. Synthesis of
((3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-bu-
tyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol
[0266] To a stirred solution of
(2S,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde (434 mg,
0.820 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (25 mL) in a 100 mL round-bottom flask,
was added formaldehyde solution (5 mL), followed by the addition of
sodium hydroxide solution (2 N, 5 mL, 10.00 mmol) dropwise at
0.degree. C. in 5 minutes. The resulting mixture was warmed to
25.degree. C. and stirred for 3 hours. Upon the started
nucleoside-aldehyde was all consumed, the reaction mixture was
neutralized by the addition of AcOH. The mixture was diluted with
ethyl acetate (60 mL) and washed successively with water
(2.times.20 mL), saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 (2.times.20 mL) and
brine (2.times.20 mL). The organic layer was dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue
was re-dissolved in anhydrous EtOH (30 mL) and added sodium
tetrahydroborate (62.0 mg, 1.640 mmol) in portions at 0.degree. C.
under argon atmosphere. After stirring for 16 hour at 25.degree.
C., the reaction mixture was neutralized by the addition of AcOH.
The mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was
suspended in CHCl.sub.3 (40 mL) and washed successively with water
(2.times.15 mL) and brine (2.times.15 mL). The organic layer was
dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated under
vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel column
chromatography with dichloromethane/methanol (30/1) to give the
title compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 428.99 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR:
(300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.60 (s, 1H),
6.86 (br, 2H), 6.54 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 5.01 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 1H), 4.59
(dd, J=3.0 Hz, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 4.40 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.42-3.61 (m,
4H), 2.60-2.69 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.25 (m, 1H), 0.89 (s, 9H), 0.09 (s,
6H).
Step 8. Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
[0267]
((3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((t-
ert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol (166
mg, 0.387 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous ACN (20 mL) under argon
atmosphere and then IBX (325 mg, 1.161 mmol) was added. The
resulting mixture was warmed to 30.degree. C. and stirred for 20
hours. The solid was filtered out. The filtrate was concentrated in
vacuo to afford the title compound, which was used to the next
reaction step directly without further purification. LC-MS: (ES,
m/z): 426.97 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 9: Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-
-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
[0268] To a stirred solution of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
(160 mg, 0.375 mmol) in dry MeOH (8 mL) was added K.sub.2CO.sub.3
(129 mg, 0.937 mmol) followed by the addition of dimethyl
(1-diazo-2-oxopropyl)phosphonate (144 mg, 0.749 mmol) at 0.degree.
C. dropwise with stirring under argon atmosphere. The resulting
mixture was gradually warmed to 25.degree. C. and stirred for 16
hours. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The
residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using
30%-50% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether to afford the title
compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 422.98 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300
MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 6.90
(br, 2H), 6.52 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 5.42-5.46 (m, 1H), 4.64 (t, J=5.7
Hz, 1H), 3.59-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.54 (m, 1H), 3.48 (s, 1H),
2.59-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.27-2.31 (m, 1H), 0.91 (s, 9H), 0.12 (s,
6H).
Step 10: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (6)
[0269] To a stirred solution of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-
-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol (64
mg, 0.151 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added TBAF solution (1.0 M, 151
.mu.l, 0.151 mmol) dropwise with stirring under argon atmosphere.
The resulting solution was stirred for 1 hour at 25.degree. C. The
resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was
applied onto a silica gel column and eluted with DCM/MeOH (20/1 to
5/1) to give crude product. The crude product was further purified
by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions (1#-Pre-HPLC-011
(Waters)): Column, SunFire Prep C18 OBD (Optimum Bed Density)
Column, 5 um, 19*150 mm; mobile phase, water (with 10 mmol ammonium
bicarbonate) and acetonitrile (10% acetonitrile up to 45% in 5 min,
up to 95% in 1.5 min, down to 5% in 1 min); Detector, uv
254&220 nm. The product-containing fractions were collected and
lyophilized to give compound 6 as a solid. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 308.72
[M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta.
8.10 (s, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 6.88 (br, 2H), 6.52 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 1H),
5.39-5.52 (m, 2H), 4.48 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.59 (dd, J=12.0 Hz,
J=28.8 Hz, 2H), 3.48 (s, 1H), 2.47-2.54 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.37 (m,
1H).
Intermediate B
Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-b-
utyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
(Intermediate B)
##STR00048## ##STR00049##
[0270] Step 1: Synthesis of
4-chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0271] To a mixture of 4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (5 g,
32.6 mmol) in DMF (60 mL) under argon was added NIS
(N-iodosuccinimide) (7.33 g, 32.6 mmol) at 0.degree. C. The
resulting mixture was stirred for 15 hours at 25.degree. C. under a
atmosphere of argon in the darkness. The reaction mixture was
poured into cold water and the mixture was filtered, the solid was
washing with cold water (3.times.50 mL) and dried at 25.degree. C.
to give 4-chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine as a solid.
LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 279.9 [M+H].sup.+1. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz,
CD.sub.3SOCD.sub.3, ppm): 12.96 (brs, 1H), 8.62 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d,
J=1.8 Hz, 1H)
Step 2: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(((4-met-
hylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate
[0272] To a mixture of sodium hydride (0.845 g, 21.13 mmol) and
4-chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (5.37 g, 19.21 mmol) in
acetonitrile (150 mL) under argon was added
(2R,3S,5R)-5-chloro-2-(((4-methylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl
4-methylbenzoate (7.47 g, 19.21 mmol) at 20.degree. C. The
resulting mixture was stirred for 2 hours at 50.degree. C. under a
atmosphere of argon and then the solvent was evaporated under
reduce pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography
on silica gel 100-200, eluting with EA/PE (1/5) to give the title
compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): .delta.13.9 [M+H].sup.+1. .sup.1H-NMR:
(400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): 8.63 (s, 1H), 8.00 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H),
7.95 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.32-7.25 (m, 4H), 6.82 (t,
J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 5.77 (dd, J=6.4 Hz, 4 Hz, 1H), 4.80-4.76 (m, 1H),
4.71-4.62 (m, 2H), 2.46 (s, 6H), 1.66-1.31 (m, 2H)
Step 3: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(hydroxym-
ethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol
[0273]
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-((-
(4-methylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate
(12 g, 18.99 mmol) was added to a stirred, cooled -50.degree. C.
mixture of ammonia (120 mL, 240 mmol) in 2-Propanol (30 mL) and the
mixture was stirred at 90.degree. C. for 48 hours. The solvent was
evaporated under reduce pressure. The residue was purified by
column chromatography on silica gel 100-200, eluting with DCM/MeOH
(10/1) to give the title compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 377.0
[M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CD.sub.3SOCD.sub.3, ppm): 8.10
(s, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 6.79 (brs, 2H), 6.79-6.51 (dd, J=8.1 Hz, 3
Hz, 1H), 5.27 (d, J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 5.05 (t, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (brs,
1H), 3.81 (brs, 1H), 3.60-3.46 (m, 2H), 2.51-2.44 (m, 1H),
2.19-2.10 (m, 1H)
Step 4: Synthesis of
7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsil-
yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-am-
ine
[0274] To a mixture of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(hydroxym-
ethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (6 g, 15.95 mmol) and imidazole (4.34 g,
63.8 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) under argon was added TBS-Cl (44.7 mL,
44.7 mmol) at 0.degree. C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2
hours at 23.degree. C. under a atmosphere of argon. The reaction
progress was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was quenched
with water (150 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.200
mL). The combined organic layers was washed with brine (5.times.200
mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate
was concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified
by a silica gel column, eluting with EA/PE (3:7) to afford the
title compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): .delta.05.3 [M+H].sup.+1.
.sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, CD.sub.3SOCD.sub.3, ppm): 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.58
(s, 1H), 6.67 (brs, 2H), 6.49 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (t, J=2.4 Hz,
1H), 3.88-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.74 (dd, J=10.8 Hz, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.65 (dd,
J=10.8 Hz, 4 Hz, 1H), 2.50-2.49 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.14 (m, 1H), 0.89
(s, 18H), 0.10-0.07 (m, 12H).
Step 5: Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-b-
utyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
[0275] To a mixture of
7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsil-
yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-am-
ine (6.6 g, 10.92 mmol) in THF (66 mL) was added a solution of TFA
(16 mL, 208 mmol) in Water (16 mL) at 0.degree. C. The resulting
mixture was stirred for 4 hour at 0.degree. C. The reaction
progress was monitored by LCMS. The solvent was evaporated under
reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in DCM/MeOH (10/1, 150
mL) and the pH value of the solution was adjusted to 7 with sodium
hydrogen carbonate (5.0 g), filtered and the solvent was evaporated
under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column
chromatography on silica gel 100-200, eluting with 40-50% EA in PE
to give the title compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 491.1 [M+H].sup.+1.
.sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, CD.sub.3SOCD.sub.3, ppm): 8.14 (s, 1H), 7.71
(s, 1H), 6.88 (brs, 2H), 6.47 (dd, J=8.4 Hz, 6 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (t,
J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.80-3.79 (m, 1H), 3.54-3.50 (m, 2H), 2.57-2.53 (m,
1H), 2.18-2.13 (m, 1H), 0.89 (s, 9H), 0.10 (s, 6H).
Step 6: Synthesis of
(2S,3S,5R)-3-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-5-{4-[(dimethyl-Si{4}-sulfany-
lidene)amino]-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl}oxolane-2-carbaldehyd-
e
[0276] To a mixture of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-b-
utyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol (4.682 g, 9.55
mmol) and DCC (N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) (6.1 g, 29.6 mmol) in
DMSO (40 mL) under argon were added pyridine (0.850 mL, 10.51 mmol)
and TFA (0.515 mL, 6.68 mmol) at 0.degree. C. The resulting mixture
was stirred for 14 hours at 20.degree. C. under argon. The reaction
progress was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was quenched
with water (150 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.100
mL). The combined organic layers was washed with brine (120 mL),
dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was
concentrated under reduced pressure to afford crude title product
as a solid. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 567.0 [M+H.sub.2O+H].sup.+
Step 7: Synthesis of mixture of
[(3S,5R)-3-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-5-{4-[(dimethyl-Si{4}-sulfanyli-
dene)amino]-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl}-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxola-
n-2-yl]methanol
[0277] To a mixture of
(2S,3S,5R)-3-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-5-{4-[(dimethyl-Si
{4}-sulfanylidene)amino]-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl}oxolane-2-
-carbaldehyde (80 mg, 0.146 mmol) and formaldehyde (0.5 mL, 0.146
mmol) in 1,4-Dioxane (4 mL) was added 2 M sodium hydroxide (0.5 mL,
1.000 mmol) at 0.degree. C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 4
hours at 20.degree. C. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS.
The reaction mixture was quenched with acetic acid (0.2 mL) and
extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.40 mL). The combined organic
layers was washed with sat. NaHCO.sub.3 (30 mL) then brine (40 mL),
dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was
concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was dissolved in
Ethanol (4 mL). This mixture was added sodium tetrahydroborate (20
mg, 0.529 mmol) under argon. This mixture was stirred for 36 hours
at 20.degree. C. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The
reaction mixture was quenched with acetic acid (0.05 mL) and
extracted with CHCl.sub.3 (3.times.40 mL). The combined organic
layers was washed with sat. NaHCO.sub.3 (30 mL) then brine (40 mL),
dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was
concentrated under reduced pressure, purified by TLC, eluting with
DCM/MeOH (12:1) to afford the title compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z):
581.1 [M+H].sup.+1. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CD.sub.3SOCD.sub.3,
ppm): 8.09 (s, 0.6H), 7.97 (s, 0.4H), 7.69 (s, 0.6H), 7.46 (s,
0.4H), 6.66 (brs, 0.8H), 6.53-6.42 (m, 1H), 5.10 (t, J=5.4 Hz,
0.4H), 5.02 (t, J=5.4 Hz, 0.6H), 4.58 (brs, 1H), 4.42-4.37 (m, 1H),
3.58-3.49 (m, 4H), 2.78 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 3H), 2.68-2.61 (m, 1H),
2.23-2.16 (m, 1H), 0.90 (s, 9H), 0.10 (s, 6H).
Step 8: Synthesis of
((3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-buty-
ldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol
[0278] To a solution of
[(3S,5R)-3-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-5-{4-[(dimethyl-Si{4}-sulfanyli-
dene)amino]-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl}-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxola-
n-2-yl]methanol (230 mg, 0.396 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added TFA (2
mL, 26.0 mmol) at 0.degree. C. The resulting mixture was stirred
for 3 hours at 20.degree. C. under argon. The reaction progress was
monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was concentrated under
reduced pressure, the residue was purified by a silica gel column,
eluting with DCM/MeOH (95:5) to afford the title compound. LC-MS:
(ES, m/z): 521.2 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz,
CD.sub.3SOCD.sub.3, ppm): 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.10 (brs,
2H), 6.43 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (dd, J=6 Hz, 3.2 Hz, 1H),
3.50-3.37 (m, 4H), 2.59-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.11 (m, 1H), 0.80 (s,
9H), 0.00 (s, 6H).
Step 9: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-bu-
tyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
[0279] To a solution of
((3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-buty-
ldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol (960 mg,
1.845 mmol) in Acetonitrile (25 mL) under argon was added IBX (1550
mg, 5.53 mmol) at 18.degree. C. The resulting mixture was stirred
for 18 hours at 18.degree. C. under argon. The reaction progress
was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was filtered. The
filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, to afford the
crude product as a solid. This crude product was used for next step
directly without further purification. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 519.1
[M+H].sup.+
Step 10: Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-b-
utyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
(Intermediate B)
[0280] To a mixture of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-bu-
tyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
(190 mg, 0.366 mmol) and K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (127 mg, 0.916 mmol) in
MeOH (10 mL) under argon was added dimethyl
(1-diazo-2-oxopropyl)phosphonate (141 mg, 0.733 mmol) at 0.degree.
C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 16 hours at 18.degree. C.
under argon. The color of the mixture turned from yellow to blue.
The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS/TLC. The reaction
mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was
purified by a silica gel column, eluting with DCM/MeOH (97:3) to
afford the title compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 515.1 [M+H].sup.+1.
.sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.12 (s,
1H), 6.25 (dd, J=8.8 Hz, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 5.84 (brs, 2H), 4.71 (dd,
J=5.6 Hz, 2 Hz, 1H), 4.01 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (d, J=16 Hz,
1H), 3.17-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.59 (s, 1H), 2.27-2.21 (m, 1H), 0.91 (s,
9H), 0.11 (s, 6H)
Example 7: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-
-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (7)
##STR00050##
[0282] To a solution of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-b-
utyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
(Intermediate B, 20 mg, 0.039 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (3 mL) under
argon was added TBAF (0.05 mL, 0.050 mmol) at 18.degree. C. The
resulting mixture was stirred for 0.5 hours at 18.degree. C. under
argon. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC. The reaction
mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was
purified by a silica gel column, eluting with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2/MeOH
(7:1), to give crude product which was purified by Prep-HPLC with
the following conditions: Instrument, Water-1 (26); Column: Xbridge
RP 18, 5 um, 19.times.150 mm; mobile phase: water (0.05% Ammonium
bicarbonate+Carbon dioxide) and acetonitrile (10% acetonitrile up
to 40% in 8 min, hold 100% for 2 min, down to 10% in 2 min);
Detector, UV 220 and 254 nm. The collected fractions were combined
and concentrated under reducing pressure to give compound 7 as a
solid. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 401.0[M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz,
CD.sub.3OD): .delta.8.10 (s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 6.68 (s, 2H), 6.49
(t, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 5.52 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.48 (q, J=6.0 Hz, 1H),
3.64-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.57-3.52 (m, 1H), 3.48 (s, 1H), 2.53-2.47 (m,
1H), 2.35-2.29 (m, 1H).
Example 8: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(2,4-diamino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-(h-
ydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (8)
##STR00051## ##STR00052##
[0283] Step 1: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(2-amino-4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(((4-me-
thylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate
[0284] To a mixture of 4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine
(2.0 g, 11.86 mmol) and NaH (0.524 g, 13.09 mmol) in acetonitrile
(60 mL) under argon was stirred for 0.5 hours at room temperature
under a argon. The mixture was then added Intermediate A (4.628 g,
11.90 mmol), stirred for 10 minutes at room temperature then
50.degree. C. for 2 hours. The process was monitored by LCMS. The
reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, the
residue was purified by a silica gel column, eluting with
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2/MeOH (92:8) to afford the title compound. LC-MS:
(ES, m/z): 521.1[M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6):
.delta. 7.93 (dd, J=8.1 Hz, 4H), 7.68-7.21 (m, 5H), 6.78 (s, 2H),
6.57 (q, J=5.85 Hz, 1H), 6.39 (d, J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 5.69 (d, J=5.7 Hz,
1H), 4.63-4.43 (m, 3H), 3.04-2.94 (m, 1H), 2.66 (dd, J=4.95 Hz,
1H), 2.41 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 6H), 1.99 (s, 1H).
Step 2: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(2,4-diamino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(hydroxymeth-
yl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol
[0285] To a mixture of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(2-amino-4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(((4-me-
thylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate (1.0
g, 0.960 mmol) and ammonia (50 mL, 0.960 mmol) in 2-Propanol (5 mL)
was stirred for 20 hours at 100.degree. C. The reaction progress
was monitored by TLC. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to
ambient temperature, and concentrated under reduced pressure, the
residue was purified by a silica gel column, eluting with
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2/MeOH (82:18) to afford the title compound. LC-MS:
(ES, m/z): 266.0[M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6):
.delta. 6.93 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (s, 2H), 6.40 (d, J=3.6 Hz,
1H), 6.32 (q, J=5.85 Hz, 1H), 5.70 (s, 2H), 5.20 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H),
4.29 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.78-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.16
(s, 1H), 2.49-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.08-2.01 (m, 1H).
Step 3: Synthesis of
7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsil-
yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diamin-
e
[0286] To a mixture of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(2,4-diamino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(hydroxymeth-
yl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (1.39 g, 5.24 mmol) and TBDMS-Cl (2.369 g,
15.72 mmol) in DMF (6 mL) under argon was added imidazole (1.784 g,
26.2 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 16 hours at
20.degree. C. under a argon atmosphere. The reaction progress was
monitored by LCMS/TLC. The reaction mixture was concentrated under
reduced pressure, the residue was purified by a silica gel column,
eluting with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2/MeOH (92:8) to afford the title
compound as a solid. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 494.4 [M+H].sup.+,
.sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 7.58 (s, 2H), 7.04 (d,
J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (d, J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (s, 2H), 6.32 (dd,
J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.45 (t, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 3.68
(t, J=5.5 Hz, 2H), 3.17 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 2.49-2.42 (m, 1H),
2.17-2.10 (m, 1H), 0.89 (s, 18H), 0.10-0.09 (m, 12H).
Step 4: Synthesis of
N,N'-(7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimet-
hylsilyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4--
diyl)dibenzamide
[0287] To a mixture of
7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsil-
yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diamin-
e (138 mg, 0.279 mmol) and DMAP (5 mg, 0.041 mmol) in pyridine (5
mL) under argon was added benzoyl chloride (158 mg, 1.124 mmol).
The resulting mixture was stirred for 4 hours at 0.degree. C. under
argon. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS/TLC. The
reaction mixture was quenched by water (50 mL) and extracted with
ethyl acetate (3.times.30 mL). The combined organic layers was
washed with brine (40 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and
filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, the
residue was purified by a silica gel column, eluting with PE/EA
(2:1) to provide the title compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z):
702.3[M+H].sup.+, .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 11.11
(s, 1H), 10.80 (s, 1H), 8.09 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.73 (d, J=7.2 Hz,
2H), 7.66-7.43 (m, 8H), 6.62-6.54 (m, 2H), 4.56 (s, 1H), 3.84-3.64
(m, 4H), 2.81-2.72 (m, 1H), 2.26-2.22 (m, 1H), 0.90-0.83 (m, 18H),
0.11-0.01 (m, 12H).
Step 5: Synthesis of
N,N'-(7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tet-
rahydrofuran-2-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diyl)dibenzamide
[0288] To a mixture of
N,N'-(7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimet-
hylsilyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4--
diyl)dibenzamide (110 mg, 0.157 mmol) in THF (4 mL) was added a
solution of TFA (0.5 mL, 6.49 mmol) in Water (0.5 mL) at 0.degree.
C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 4 hours at 0.degree. C.
The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture
was concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified
by a silica gel column, eluting with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2/MeOH (95:5)
to afford the title compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 588.6[M+H].sup.+,
.sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 11.11 (s, 1H), 10.81
(s, 1H), 8.09 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.97 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.65-7.46
(m, 8H), 6.62-6.56 (m, 2H), 4.96 (t, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 4.58 (t, J=2.7
Hz, 1H), 3.82-3.77 (m, 2H), 3.56-3.51 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.67 (m, 1H),
2.27-2.21 (m, 1H), 0.88 (s, 9H), 0.09 (s, 6H).
Step 6: Synthesis of
N,N'-(7-((2R,4S,5S)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-formyltetrahydrofu-
ran-2-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diyl)dibenzamide
[0289] To a mixture of
N,N'-(7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tet-
rahydrofuran-2-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diyl)dibenzamide
(35 mg, 0.060 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) under argon was added
IBX (42 mg, 0.150 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 50
minutes at 50.degree. C. under a argon. The reaction progress was
monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to
ambient temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated
under reduced pressure, the crude product was used for next step
directly without further purification. LC-MS: (ES, m/z):
.delta.18.3 [M+CH.sub.3OH].sup.+
Step 7: Synthesis of
N,N'-(7-((2R,4S)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)t-
etrahydrofuran-2-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diyl)dibenzamide
[0290] To a solution of
N,N'-(7-((2R,4S,5S)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-formyltetrahydrofu-
ran-2-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diyl)dibenzamide (35 mg,
0.060 mmol) in 1,4-Dioxane (5 mL), was added formaldehyde (1 mL,
0.060 mmol), NaOH (1 mL, 2.000 mmol), the mixture was stirred for 4
hours at 20.degree. C., cooled to 0.degree. C., quenched with AcOH
to pH 6, added water (40 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate
(3.times.40 mL). The combined organic layers was washed with brine
(30 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The
filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was
dissolved in ethanol (5.00 mL), added NaBH.sub.4 (5.65 mg, 0.149
mmol) under argon. The resulting mixture was stirred for 16 hours
at 20.degree. C. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The
reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature,
quenched with AcOH to PH 6, added water (40 mL) and extracted with
ethyl acetate (3.times.40 mL). The organic layers were concentrated
and purified by a silica gel column, eluting with
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2/MeOH (20:1) to afford the title product as a
solid. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 618.2 [M+H]f, .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 11.11 (s, 1H), 10.80 (s, 1H), 8.09 (d, J=7.2
Hz, 2H), 7.73 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.66-7.43 (m, 8H), 6.62-6.54 (m,
2H), 4.56 (s, 1H), 3.84-3.64 (m, 4H), 2.81-2.72 (m, 1H), 2.26-2.22
(m, 1H), 0.90-0.83 (m, 18H), 0.11-0.01 (m, 12H).
Step 8: Synthesis of
N,N'-(7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-formyl-5-(hydroxym-
ethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diyl)dibenzami-
de
[0291] To a solution of
N,N'-(7-((2R,4S)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)t-
etrahydrofuran-2-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diyl)dibenzamide
(30 mg, 0.049 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) under argon was added
IBX (40 mg, 0.143 mmol) at 20.degree. C. The resulting mixture was
stirred for 3 hours at 25.degree. C. under argon. The reaction
progress was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was allowed to
cool to ambient temperature and filtered. The filtrate was
concentrated under reduced pressure to afford crude product as a
solid used for next step directly without further purification.
LC-MS: (ES, m/z): .delta.16.2 [M+H].sup.+
Step 9: Synthesis of
N,N'-(7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-ethynyl-5-(hydroxy-
methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diyl)dibenzam-
ide
[0292] To a mixture of
N,N'-(7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-formyl-5-(hydroxym-
ethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diyl)dibenzami-
de (70 mg, 0.114 mmol) and K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (39.3 mg, 0.284 mmol) in
MeOH (5 mL) under argon was added a solution of dimethyl
(2-diazo-3-oxobutanoyl)phosphonate (50.0 mg, 0.227 mmol) in MeOH
(0.25 mL) at 0.degree. C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 16
hours at 25.degree. C. under argon. The reaction progress was
monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was concentrated under
reduced pressure, the residue was purified by TLC, eluting with
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2/MeOH (20:1) to afford the title compound. LC-MS:
(ES, m/z): .delta.12.4[M+H].sup.+
Step 10: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(2,4-diamino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-(h-
ydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (8)
[0293] To a solution of
N,N'-(7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-ethynyl-5-(hydroxy-
methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diyl)dibenzam-
ide (40 mg, 0.065 mmol) in MeOH (4 mL) under argon was added a
solution of NaOCH.sub.3 in MeOH (0.065 mL, 0.065M) at 20.degree. C.
The resulting mixture was stirred for 48 hours at 40.degree. C.
under argon. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The
reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature, and
concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by
TLC, eluting with CH.sub.2C.sub.2/MeOH (20:1) to afford crude
intermediate (27 mg) as a solid which was diluted in THF (3 mL)
under argon. Added a solution of TBAF (1M, 0.040 mL, 0.04 mmol) at
20.degree. C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 0.5 hours at
20.degree. C. under argon. The reaction progress was monitored by
LCMS/TLC. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced
pressure, the residue was purified by TLC, eluting with
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2/MeOH (5:1) to afford crude product (15 mg) then
was purified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions:
Instrument, Waters-2767-Prep; Column: Xbridge RP18, 5 um,
19.times.150 mm; mobile phase: water (0.05% Ammonium bicarbonate
(carbon dioxide) and acetonitrile (5% acetonitrile up to 40% in 8
min); Detector, UV 220 and 254 nm. The collected fractions were
combined and concentrated under reducing pressure to give compound
8 as a solid. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): .delta.18.2 [M+H].sup.+,
.sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 6.85 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H),
6.55 (s, 2H), 6.36 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 2H), 5.56 (s, 2H), 5.48-5.43 (m,
2H), 4.42 (q, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.61-3.49 (m, 2H), 3.44 (s, 1H),
2.47-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.26-2.21 (m, 1H).
Example 9: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (9)
##STR00053## ##STR00054##
[0294] Step 1: Synthesis of
4-azido-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine
[0295] To a stirred solution of
4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine (3.5 g, 20.76 mmol) in
anhydrous DMSO (35 mL) under argon atmosphere, was added a solution
of sodium azide (2.025 g, 31.1 mmol) in water (3.50 mL). The
mixture was heated to 100.degree. C. and stirred overnight. The
reaction progress was monitored by TLC & LCMS. The resulting
mixture was cooled to ambient temperature. 250 g crushed ice was
added and the mixture was stirred at 0.degree. C. for 30 minutes. A
precipitate was formed. The precipitate was collected by
filtration, washed with cold water and dried over P.sub.2O.sub.5
under vacuum overnight to give
4-azido-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine as a solid, which was
used to the next reaction step directly without further
purification. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta.
11.91 (brs, 1H), 7.96 (brs, 2H), 7.13 (t, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (dd,
J=2.0 Hz, J=3.2 Hz, 1H). LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 176.00 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 2: Synthesis of
4-azido-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
[0296] Hydrogen fluoride-pyridine (70% HF in 30% Py) (12 mL, 133
mmol) was massed into a teflon bottle under argon atmosphere. To
this was added 4-azido-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine (3.1 g,
17.70 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature until
it became a clear solution, then cooled to -60.degree. C., followed
by the addition of tert-butyl nitrite (2.5 mL, 21.02 mmol)
drop-wised in 10 minutes. The resulting mixture was stirred between
-60.degree. C. to -40.degree. C. for 2 hours. The reaction progress
was monitored by TLC & LCMS. The mixture was poured into cold
aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 (150 mL, saturated). The crude product was
extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL.times.3), washed with brine
(100 mL.times.2), dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give a residue.
The residue was then purified by silica gel column chromatography
using ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1/4) to give
4-azido-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d] as a solid. .sup.1H-NMR: (300
MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 12.43 (brs, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=3.9
Hz, 1H), 6.50 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H). F-NMR: (282 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO,
ppm): .delta.-54.57 (s, 1F). LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 179.20
[M+H].sup.+.
Step 3: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-azido-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(((4-me-
thylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate
[0297] To a stirred suspension of sodium hydride 60% dispersion in
mineral oil (0.272 g, 6.79 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20 mL) under
argon atmosphere in a 50 mL two necked round-bottom flask, was
added 4-azido-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1.1 g, 6.18
mmol) in portions at 0.degree. C. and the mixture was stirred at
this temperature for 5 minutes. Intermediate A (2.4 g, 6.17 mmol)
was added with stirring. The reaction mixture was warmed to
25.degree. C. and stirred for 2 hours. The reaction progress was
monitored by TLC & LCMS. The mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (100 mL), washed with water (70 mL). The aqueous layer was
re-extracted with ethyl acetate (60 mL.times.2). The combined
organic layer was washed with brine (100 mL.times.3), dried over
anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum.
The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography
using ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1/10) to give the title
compound. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta. 8.00 (d,
J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.95 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.32-7.23 (m, 4H), 6.74 (dd,
J=6.4 Hz, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 5.75-5.74 (m, 1H),
4.75-4.54 (m, 3H), 2.85-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.43 (m, 6H). F-NMR:
(376 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta.-52.26 (s, 1F, .beta. isomer),
-52.48 (s, 1F, .alpha. isomer). LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 531.42
[M+H].sup.+.
Step 4: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(((4-me-
thylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate
[0298] To a stirred solution of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-azido-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(((4-me-
thylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate (2.0
g, 3.77 mmol) in a mixture of MeOH (10 mL) and DCM (15 mL) under
argon atmosphere, was added propane-1,3-dithiol (0.816 g, 7.54
mmol), followed by the addition of triethylamine (0.763 g, 7.54
mmol) dropwise with stirring in 10 minutes at 25.degree. C. The
mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 30 minutes. The reaction
progress was monitored by TLC. The resulting mixture was
concentrated under vacuum. The residue was then purified by silica
gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (42%
EA in PE) to give the title compound as a powder. .sup.1H-NMR: (400
MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta. 8.00 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.97 (d,
J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.33-7.26 (m, 4H), 7.12 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (dd,
J=6.2 Hz, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 5.75-5.72 (m, 1H),
5.36 (brs, 2H), 4.73-4.57 (m, 3H), 2.79-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.47 (s, 3H),
2.44 (s, 3H). F-NMR: (376 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta.-52.97 (s,
1F, .beta. isomer), -53.10 (s, 1F, .alpha. isomer). LC-MS: (ES,
m/z): 505.63 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 5: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(hydrox-
ymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol
[0299] To a stirred solution of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(((4-me-
thylbenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl 4-methylbenzoate (1.75
g, 3.47 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (10 mL) under argon atmosphere, was
injected sodium methoxide MeOH solution (1.0 M, 3.47 mL, 3.47 mmol)
with stirring at 0.degree. C. in 5 minutes. The resulting mixture
was allowed to stir at 0.degree. C. to 10.degree. C. for 4 hours.
The reaction progress was monitored by TLC & LCMS. The
resulting mixture was neutralized by the addition of AcOH, then
concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was then purified
by silica gel column chromatography using dichloromethane/methanol
(6% MeOH in DCM) to give the title compound. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz,
d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 7.55 (brs, 2H), 7.31 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H),
6.61 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.34 (dd, J=6.4 Hz, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.26 (d,
J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 4.92 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 4.32 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H),
3.82-3.79 (m, 1H), 3.58-3.46 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.41 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.13
(m, 1H). F-NMR: (376 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta.-53.77 (s, 1F,
.beta. isomer), -53.98 (s, 1F, .alpha. isomer). LC-MS: (ES, m/z):
269.20 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 6: Synthesis of
7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsil-
yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4--
amine
[0300]
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-(-
hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (850 mg, 3.17 mmol) and
imidazole (863 mg, 12.68 mmol) were massed into a 50 mL round
bottom flask under argon atmosphere. To the flask was injected
anhydrous DMF (10 mL), followed by the addition of TBS-Cl (1433 mg,
9.51 mmol) in portions. The mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C.
for 2 hours. After The reaction reached to complete, the mixture
was diluted with ethyl acetate (60 mL), washed with water (30
mL.times.2), aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 (saturated, 30 mL.times.2) and
brine (30 mL.times.2) respectively. The organic layer was collected
and dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and
concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude product. The
residue was then purified by silica gel column chromatography using
ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (20% EA in PE) to give the title
compound. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 7.55
(brs, 2H), 7.26 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (t,
J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 4.55-4.50 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.61 (m, 4H), 2.64-2.55 (m,
1H), 2.23-2.17 (m, 1H), 0.90-0.87 (m, 18H), 0.11-0.06 (m, 12H).
F-NMR: (282 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta.-53.64 (s, 1F, .beta.
isomer), -53.78 (s, 1F, .alpha. isomer). LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 497.58
[M+H].sup.+.
Step 7:
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-
-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
[0301] To a stirred solution of
7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsil-
yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4--
amine (1.4 g, 2.82 mmol) in THF (24 mL) was added aqueous TFA
(TFA/H.sub.2O=1/1, v/v, 12 mL) dropwise with stirring at 0.degree.
C. in 10 minutes. The resulting mixture was allowed to stir at
0.degree. C. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC. After
stirring for 5 hours, the started di-TBS protected nucleoside was
all consumed, then the reaction mixture was co-evaporated with
toluene (50 mL.times.3). The residue was re-dissolved in a mixture
of MeOH/DCM (15% MeOH in DCM, 50 mL). Solid NaHCO.sub.3 (2 g) was
added at 0.degree. C., followed by the addition of water (1 mL).
The resulting mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. After the pH
value was adjusted to 7, the solids were filtered out, the filtrate
was collected and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue
was purified by silica gel column chromatography using ethyl
acetate/petroleum ether (40% EA in PE) to give the title compound.
.sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 7.57 (brs, 2H),
7.32 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.61 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.32 (dd, J=6.0 Hz,
J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.99-4.96 (m, 1H), 4.52 (t, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (q,
J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.54-3.49 (m, 2H), 2.57-2.53 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.13 (m,
1H), 0.91-0.88 (m, 9H), 0.13-0.11 (m, 6H). F-NMR: (376 MHz,
d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta.-53.71 (s, 1F, .beta. isomer), -53.89
(s, 1F, .alpha. isomer). LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 383.36 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 8: Synthesis of
(2S,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
[0302] TFA (0.051 mL, 0.659 mmol) was injected to a stirred
solution of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-
-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol (360 mg,
0.941 mmol), DCC (N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) (602 mg, 2.92 mmol)
and pyridine (0.084 mL, 1.035 mmol) in anhydrous DMSO (2 mL) under
argon atmosphere at room temperature in 2 min, and the mixture was
stirred overnight. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC &
LCMS. The mixture was filtered to remove dicyclohexylurea, and the
filtrate was partitioned with ethyl acetate (30 mL) and H.sub.2O
(30 mL). The organic layer was collected and washed with brine (20
mL.times.2), dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and
the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to give the
title compound, which was used to the next reaction step directly
without further purification. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 381.20 [M+H].sup.+,
413.20 [M+MeOH+H].sup.+.
Step 9: Synthesis of
((3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-bu-
tyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol
[0303] To a stirred solution of
(2S,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde (400 mg,
1.051 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (8 mL) in a 50 mL round-bottom flask,
was added formaldehyde solution (1.2 mL, 16.01 mmol), followed by
the addition of sodium hydroxide solution (1.2 mL, 2.400 mmol)
dropwise in 2 minutes. The resulting mixture was stirred at
25.degree. C. for 7 hours. Upon the started nucleoside was all
consumed, the reaction mixture was neutralized by addition of AcOH.
The resulting mixture was diluted with AcOEt (100 mL) and washed
successively with water (2.times.40 mL), saturated aq NaHCO.sub.3
(2.times.40 mL) and brine (50 mL). The organic layer was dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue
was re-dissolved in EtOH (3 mL) and added sodium borohydride (199
mg, 5.26 mmol) in portions at 0.degree. C. After stirring for 5
hours at 25.degree. C., the reaction mixture was neutralized by
addition of AcOH. The mixture was concentrated under reduced
pressure, the residue was partitioned between CHCl.sub.3 (100 mL)
and water (50 mL). The organic layer was washed successively with
water and brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and evaporated under
reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column
chromatography using dichloromethane/methanol (30/1) to give the
title compound. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta.
7.55 (brs, 2H), 7.34 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H),
6.35 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.90 (t, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 4.60 (q, J=2.8 Hz,
1H), 4.41 (t, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 3.60-3.43 (m, 4H), 2.69-2.62 (m, 1H),
2.23-2.17 (m, 1H), 0.92 (s, 9H), 0.09 (s, 6H). F-NMR: (376 MHz,
d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta.-53.80 (s, 1F, .beta. isomer). LC-MS:
(ES, m/z): 413.32 [M+H].sup.+, 435.34 [M+Na].sup.+.
Step 10: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
[0304] To a stirred solution of
((3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-bu-
tyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol (180 mg,
0.436 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (15 mL) and dry DMSO (1.5 mL)
in a 50 mL round-bottom flask under argon atmosphere, was added IBX
(367 mg, 1.309 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at
20.degree. C. for 8 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered,
washed with dichloromethane. The filtrate was collected and
concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was re-dissolved
in ethyl acetate (40 mL), washed with water (3.times.15 mL) and
brine (2.times.20 mL) successively, dried over anhydrous
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under
reduced pressure to give the title compound, which was used to the
next reaction step directly without further purification.
.sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta. 9.65 (s, 1H), 7.60
(d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.43 (dd, J=5.6 Hz, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 6.39 (d,
J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 5.56-5.43 (m, 3H), 4.96 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.08 (d,
J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 3.27-3.19 (m, 1H), 2.25
(dd, J=5.4 Hz, J=13.0 Hz, 1H), 0.91 (s, 9H), 0.11 (d, J=5.2 Hz,
6H).
[0305] F-NMR: (376 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta.-53.14 (s, 1F).
LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 411.21 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 11: Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-
-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
[0306] To a stirred solution of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert--
butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
(190 mg, 0.463 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (8 mL) under argon
atmosphere, was added potassium carbonate (160 mg, 1.157 mmol). The
mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C., then was added dimethyl
(1-diazo-2-oxopropyl)phosphonate (178 mg, 0.926 mmol) dropwise in 1
minute. The resulting mixture was warmed to 25.degree. C. and
stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under
reduced pressure, and then purified by silica gel column
chromatography using methanol/dichloromethane (4.8% MeOH in DCM) to
give the title compound. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm):
.delta. 6.99 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.35 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.28 (dd,
J=6.0 Hz, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 5.45-5.33 (m, 3H), 4.76 (q, J=2.8 Hz, 1H),
4.03 (dd, J=2.0 Hz, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 8.16-3.79 (m, 1H), 3.12-3.06
(m, 1H), 2.70 (s, 1H), 2.33-2.27 (m, 1H), 0.94 (s, 9H), 0.16 (d,
J=8.0 Hz, 6H). F-NMR: (376 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta.-53.26 (s,
1F). LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 407.30 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 12: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (9)
[0307] To a stirred solution of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-
-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol (15
mg, 0.037 mmol) in anhydrous THF (1 mL) under argon atmosphere was
added TBAF THF solution (0.037 mL, 0.037 mmol) dropwise with
stirring in 1 minute at ambient temperature. The medium was stirred
at ambient temperature for 2 hours. The reaction progress was
monitored by TLC. Upon the started nucleoside was all consumed, the
mixture was concentrated under vacuum, the residue was then
purified by preparative-TLC (MeOH/DCM=1/15) to give a crude product
(10 mg). The crude product was further purified by preparative-HPLC
with the following conditions: (1#-Pre-HPLC-011 (Waters)): Column,
X-bridge C18 Column, 19*150 mm, 5 um; mobile phase, water with 10
mmol ammonium bicarbonate and acetonitrile (5% acetonitrile up to
30% in 5 min, up to 95% in 2 min); Detector, uv 254&220 nm. The
product-containing fractions were collected and lyophilized to give
compound 9 as a solid. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm):
.delta.7.57 (brs, 2H), 7.28 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.61 (d, J=3.6 Hz,
1H), 6.35 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 5.51 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 5.27 (t, J=6.0
Hz, 1H), 4.48 (dd, J=6.4 Hz, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 3.61 (dd, J=5.6 Hz,
J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 3.53 (dd, J=6.4 Hz, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 3.48 (s, 1H),
2.50-2.46 (m, 1H), 2.37-2.31 (m, 1H). F-NMR: (376 MHz,
d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta.-53.67 (s, 1F). LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 293.15
[M+H].sup.+, 315.15 [M+Na].sup.+.
Example 10: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-hydroxy-2-(hydro-
xymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile (10)
##STR00055##
[0308] Step 1: Synthesis of
5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)o-
xy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde oxime
[0309] To a stirred solution of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldime-
thylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
(Example 1, Intermediate C, 50 mg, 0.127 mmol, 1.0 eq) in dry
pyridine (2.5 mL) was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (26.6 mg,
0.382 mmol, 3.0 eq) under argon atmosphere. The resulting mixture
was stirred at 30.degree. C. for 2 hours. The reaction progress was
monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was concentrated under
vacuum, the residue then dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 mL), washed
with water (2.times.30 mL) and brine (35 mL) successively, dried
over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and the filtrate was
concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by
preparative-TLC (DCM/MeOH=10/1) to afford the title compound.
LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 408.20 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 2: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldime-
thylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile
[0310] To a stirred mixture of
5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)o-
xy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde oxime (40 mg,
0.098 mmol) and triethylamine (105 mg, 1.038 mmol) in dry DCM (5
mL) was added 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic anhydride (110 mg, 0.524 mmol)
dropwise with stirring at 20.degree. C. under argon atmosphere. The
resulting mixture was stirred at 20.degree. C. for 20 hours. The
reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. The reaction mixture was
diluted with DCM (30 mL), washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3
(25 mL) and brine (25 mL) successively, dried over anhydrous
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under
vacuum. The residue was purified by preparative-TLC (DCM/MeOH=10/1)
to afford the title compound. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 390.11 [M+H].sup.+.
.sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CD3OD, ppm): .delta. 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.30 (d,
J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 4.90
(t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (dd, J=12.0 Hz, J=21.6 Hz, 2H), 2.85-2.94
(m, 1H), 2.42-2.49 (m, 1H), 1.02 (s, 9H), 0.26 (d, J=9.0 Hz,
6H).
Step 3: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-hydroxy-2-(hydro-
xymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile (10)
[0311] To a stirred solution of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldime-
thylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile (35
mg, 0.090 mmol) in dry THF (5 mL) was added TBAF THF solution (1.0
M, 0.108 mL, 0.108 mmol) dropwise with stirring under argon
atmosphere at 15.degree. C. The resulting mixture was stirred at
15.degree. C. for 0.5 hours. The reaction progress was monitored by
LCMS and TLC. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum.
The residue was purified by preparative-TLC (DCM/MeOH=10/1) to give
a syrup. The crude product was further purified by Prep-HPLC with
the following conditions: (1#-Pre-HPLC-011 (Waters)): Column,
SunFire C18 reverse Column, 19*150 mm, 5 um; mobile phase, water
with 10 mmol ammonium bicarbonate and acetonitrile (5% acetonitrile
up to 20% in 7.5 min, up to 95% in 2 min, down to 5% in 1 min);
Detector, uv 254&220 nm. The product-containing fractions were
collected and lyophilized to give the title compound 10 as a solid.
LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 276.10 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz,
d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H),
7.33 (br, 2H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 6.64 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.61 (d, J=3.6
Hz, 1H), 6.27 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.82 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.61 (dd,
J=4.8 Hz, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 3.75 (dd, J=5.6 Hz, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 3.62
(dd, J=6.0 Hz, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 2.74-2.81 (m, 1H), 2.33-2.38 (m,
1H).
Example 11: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-(hydr-
oxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (11)
##STR00056## ##STR00057## ##STR00058##
[0312] Step 1: Synthesis of
4-(methylthio)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine
[0313] The synthesis of 4-chloropyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine is
described in WO2011/150356A1, 2011. Into a 500-mL round-bottom
flask, was placed a solution of
4-chloropyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine (17 g, 110.70 mmol) and
(methylsulfanyl)sodium (15 g, 214.01 mmol. in tetrahydrofuran (300
mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 1 overnight at room
temperature. The solids were filtered out. The resulting mixture
was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was applied onto a silica
gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1:10). This resulted
in the title compound. LC-MS (ES, m/z): 166 [M+H].sup.+
Step 2:
(3R,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)-2-(4-(methylth-
io)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-ol
[0314] To a solution of 4-(methylthio)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine
(1.650 g, 9.99 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added lithium
diisopropylamide (7.5 mL, 15.00 mmol) at -78.degree. C. under argon
atmosphere and the resulting mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at
-78.degree. C. After that,
(3R,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
(4.18 g, 9.99 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added at -78.degree. C.
under argon atmosphere and stirred 120 minutes at -78 to
-50.degree. C. The reaction was quenched by additional of ammonium
chloride (aq, 10 mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (300
mL). The organic layer was washed with (3.times.50 mL) brine, dried
over sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was
applied on a silica gel column, eluted with ethyl acetate/petroleum
ether (1:5) to give the title compound. LC-MS: 584.2
[M+H].sup.+
Step 3: Synthesis of
7-((2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran--
2-yl)-4-(methylthio)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine
[0315] To a solution of
3R,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)-2-(4-(methylthio)pyrro-
lo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-ol (3.00 g, 5.14
mmol) in DCM (30 mL) was added triethylsilane (2.390 g, 20.56 mmol)
and trifluoroborane (0.697 g, 10.28 mmol) at 0.degree. C. under
argon atmosphere. The resulting solution was stirred for 30 minutes
at 0.degree. C. and then quenched by additional of sodium
bicarbonate (aq, 20 mL), extracted by DCM (200 mL). The organic
layer was washed with 3.times.50 mL brine, dried over sodium
sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was applied on a
silica gel column, eluted with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1:10)
to give the title compound. LC-MS: 568.4 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR:
(300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta. 8.21 (s, 1H), 7.23-7.36 (m,
15H), 6.81 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 5.69 (d,
J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 4.37-4.62 (m, 7H), 4.22-4.26 (m, 1H), 4.10-4.13 (m,
1H), 3.66-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.63 (m, 1H), 2.75 (s, 3H).
Step 4: Synthesis of
7-((2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran--
2-yl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine
[0316] To a solution of
7-((2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran--
2-yl)-4-(methylthio)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine (4.6 g, 8.10
mmol) in 2-propanol (5 mL) was flushed ammonia (1350 mg, 79 mmol)
at -40.degree. C. for 60 minutes in sealed tube. After the
resulting mixture was stirred for 16 hours at 80.degree. C., it was
evaporated to give the title compound. LC-MS: 537.3 [M+H].sup.+.
.sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, DMSO, ppm): .delta. 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.69 (s,
2H), 7.24-7.36 (m, 15H), 6.88 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (d, J=4.2 Hz,
1H), 5.44 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 4.49-4.62 (m, 6H), 4.31 (t, J=5.1 Hz,
1H), 4.15-4.18 (m, 1H), 4.09-4.12 (m, 1H), 3.29-3.67 (m, 2H).
Step 5: Synthesis of
(2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymeth-
yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol
[0317] To a solution of
7-((2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran--
2-yl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine (100 mg, 0.186 mmol) in
acetic acid (2 mL) was added Pd(OH).sub.2 (10 mol %)/C (100 mg,
0.130 mmol) under hydrogen at 25.degree. C. for 4 hours. The
mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was
evaporated. The residue was applied on a silica gel column, eluted
with MeOH/DCM (1:8) to give the title compound. LC-MS: 267.2
[M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, DMSO, ppm): .delta. 7.79 (s,
1H), 7.77 (s, 2H), 6.84 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H),
5.10 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 4.95 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 4.84 (d, J=4.8 Hz,
1H), 4.76 (t, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 4.20-4.25 (m, 1H), 3.94 (d, J=4.8 Hz,
1H), 3.78 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 3.41-3.64 (m, 2H).
Step 6: Synthesis of
(6aR,8S,9S,9aS)-8-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2,2,4,4-tetr-
aisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3,5,2,4]trioxadisilocin-9-ol
[0318]
(2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-5-(hydro-
xymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (790 mg, 2.97 mmol) and
1H-imidazole (606 mg, 8.90 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (20 mL)
under argon. 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane (936 mg,
2.97 mmol) was added by dropwise at 0.degree. C. After the
resulting mixture was stirred for 5 hours at 25.degree. C. under
argon, water (10 mL) was added and the resulting mixture was
diluted with ethyl acetate (400 mL). The organic phase was washed
with (3.times.60 mL) of water and 60 mL of brine, dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was
applied on a silica gel, eluted with MeOH/DCM (1:20) to give the
title compound. LC-MS: 509.3 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz,
DMSO, ppm): .delta. 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.70 (s, 2H), 6.82 (d, J=4.8 Hz,
1H), 6.61 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 5.20 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (d, J=1.6
Hz, 1H), 4.31-4.35 (m, 1H), 4.12-4.15 (m, 1H), 4.00-4.03 (m, 1H),
3.88-3.91 (m, 1H), 0.96-1.05 (m, 28H)
Step 7: Synthesis of
O-((6aR,8S,9S,9aR)-8-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2,2,4,4-t-
etraisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3,5,2,4]trioxadisilocin-9-yl)O-ph-
enyl carbonothioate
[0319]
(6aR,8S,9S,9aS)-8-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2,2,4,-
4-tetraisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3,5,2,4]trioxadisilocin-9-ol
(210 mg, 0.413 mmol) and N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (202 mg, 1.651
mmol) were dissolved in DCM (10 mL) under argon. O-phenyl
carbonochloridothioate (143 mg, 0.826 mmol) were added by dropwise
at 0.degree. C. After the reaction was stirred at 25.degree. C.
under argon for 2 hours, the resulting mixture was diluted with DCM
(100 mL), and then washed with 3.times.30 mL of water and 30 mL of
brine. The organic layer was dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and
concentrated under vacuum. The residue was applied on a silica gel
column and eluted with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (3:1) to give
the title compound. LC-MS: 645.2 [M+H].sup.+, .sup.1H-NMR: (400
MHz, DMSO, ppm): .delta. 7.83 (s, 2H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.48 (t, J=8.0
Hz, 2H), 7.33 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.80 (d,
J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 6.16 (dd, J=2.4 Hz, J=5.6
Hz, 1H), 5.46 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.90 (dd, J=5.6 Hz, J=8.8 Hz, 1H),
3.95-4.06 (m, 2H), 3.85-3.87 (m, 1H), 0.96-1.06 (m, 28H).
Step 8: Synthesis of
7-((6aR,8R,9aS)-2,2,4,4-tetraisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3,5,2,4-
]trioxadisilocin-8-yl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine
[0320]
O-((6aR,8S,9S,9aR)-8-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2,2-
,4,4-tetraisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3,5,2,4]trioxadisilocin-9-y-
l)O-phenyl carbonothioate (1.45 g, 2.248 mmol), AIBN (0.738 g, 4.50
mmol) and tributylstannane (3.93 g, 13.49 mmol) were dissolved in
toluene (20 mL) under argon. After the reaction was stirred at
80.degree. C. under argon for 3 hours, the resulting solution was
concentrated under vacuum. The residue was applied on a silica gel
column and eluted with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (2.5:1) to
give the title compound. LC-MS: 493.4 [M+H].sup.+, .sup.1H-NMR:
(400 MHz, DMSO, ppm): .delta. 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.79 (s, 2H), 6.81 (d,
J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 5.46 (t, 1H), 4.58-4.62 (m,
1H), 3.90-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.80 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.30 (m, 1H),
2.30-2.40 (m, 1H), 0.98-1.06 (m, 28H).
Step 9: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-
tetrahydrofuran-3-ol
[0321]
7-((6aR,8R,9aS)-2,2,4,4-tetraisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3-
,5,2,4]trioxadisilocin-8-yl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine
(1.0 g, 2.029 mmol) was dissolved in THF (10 mL) under argon. TBAF
(0.531 g, 2.029 mmol) was added to the reaction solution by
dropwise at 20.degree. C. After the resulting solution was stirred
at 20.degree. C. under argon for 2 hours, it was concentrated under
vacuum. The residue was applied on a silica gel column and eluted
with DCM/MeOH (20:1) to give the title compound. LC-MS: 251.2
[M+H].sup.+, .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO, ppm): .delta.7.83 (s,
1H), 7.81 (s, 2H), 6.84 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H),
5.47-5.51 (m, 1H), 5.06 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 4.73 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H),
4.22 (m, 1H), 3.74-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.32-3.45 (m, 2H), 2.16-2.20 (m,
1H), 2.09-2.14 (m, 1H).
Step 10: Synthesis of
7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsil-
yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine
[0322]
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2-(hydroxym-
ethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (300 mg, 1.199 mmol), 1H-imidazole (490
mg, 7.19 mmol) and tert-butylchlorodimethylsilane (723 mg, 4.80
mmol) were dissolved in DMF (4.0 mL) under argon. After the
reaction mixture was stirred at 20.degree. C. under argon for 5
hours, the resulting mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (100
mL), washed with (3.times.30 mL) of water and 30 mL of brine. The
organic layer was dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated
under vacuum. The residue was applied on a silica gel column and
eluted with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (2:1) to give the title
compound. LC-MS: 479.3 [M+H].sup.+, .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, DMSO,
ppm): .delta. 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.75 (s, 2H), 6.82 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H),
6.61 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 5.48-5.53 (m, 1H), 4.42 (m, 1H), 3.78 (m,
1H), 3.48-3.62 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.27 (m, 1H), 2.04-2.10 (m, 1H),
0.78-0.89 (m, 18H), 0.00-0.10 (m, 12H)
Step 11: Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldi-
methylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
[0323]
7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimet-
hylsilyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrrolo[2,
1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine (500 mg, 1.044 mmol) was dissolved in
THF (8.0 mL), H.sub.2O (2.0 mL) and TFA (2.0 mL) and stirred at
0.degree. C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was adjusted to pH 7
with sodium bicarbonate and then extracted with ethyl acetate (30
mL.times.3), washed with (3.times.20 mL) of water and 20 mL of
brine. The organic layer was dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and
concentrated under vacuum. The residue was applied on a silica gel
column and eluted with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (2:1) to give
the title compound. LC-MS: 365.3 [M+H].sup.+, .sup.1H-NMR: (400
MHz, DMSO, ppm): .delta. 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.68 (s, 2H), 6.82 (d, J=4.4
Hz, 1H), 6.65 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 5.46-5.50 (m, 1H), 4.80 (t, J=5.6
Hz, 1H), 4.42 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 3.74-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.32-3.44 (m,
2H), 2.24-2.28 (m, 1H), 2.02-2.06 (m, 1H), 0.85-0.90 (m, 9H),
0.00-0.10 (m, 6H).
Step 12: Synthesis of
(2S,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldim-
ethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
[0324]
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-b-
utyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol (270 mg, 0.741
mmol) and IBX (270 mg, 0.963 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile
(20.0 mL) under argon. After the reaction mixture was stirred at
80.degree. C. under argon for 1 hour, the solid was filtered out
and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give the title
compound which was used for next step directly. LC-MS: 363.2
[M+H].sup.+, .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO, ppm): .delta. 9.59 (s,
1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.73 (s, 2H), 6.86 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (d,
J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 5.67-5.71 (m, 1H), 4.71 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (s,
1H), 2.25-2.32 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.17 (m, 2H), 0.84-0.91 (m, 9H),
0.00-0.13 (m, 6H).
Step 13: Synthesis of
((3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldimet-
hylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol
[0325] (2S,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,
1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran--
2-carbaldehyde (200 mg, 0.552 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane
(10 mL) at 20.degree. C. Then formaldehyde (2.0 mL, 0.552 mmol) and
sodium hydroxide (2.0 mL, 4.00 mmol) were added. After the
resulting mixture was stirred at 20.degree. C. for 4 hours, it was
adjusted to pH 7 with acetic acid. The mixture was diluted with
ethyl acetate (150 mL), then washed with 3.times.30 mL of water and
30 mL of brine. The organic layer was dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4,
and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in ethanol
(10 mL) at 0.degree. C., and then NaBH.sub.4 (41.7 mg, 1.103 mmol)
was added at 0.degree. C. After the resulting mixture was stirred
at 20.degree. C. for 16 hours, it was adjusted to pH=7 with acetic
acid and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (150 mL),
then washed with (3.times.30 mL) of water and 30 mL of brine. The
organic layer was dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated
under vacuum. The residue was applied to a silica gel column and
eluted with DCM/MeOH (10:1) to give the title compound. LC-MS:
395.2 [M+H].sup.+, .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO, ppm): .delta.7.82
(s, 1H), 7.70 (s, 2H), 6.82 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (d, J=4.4 Hz,
1H), 5.50-5.60 (m, 1H), 4.68 (t, 1H), 4.52 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.22
(t, 1H), 3.53-3.60 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.45 (m, 1H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 1H),
0.90 (s, 9H), 0.08-0.09 (m, 6H).
Step 14: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldim-
ethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
[0326]
((3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-buty-
ldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol (90 mg,
0.228 mmol) and IBX (256 mg, 0.912 mmol) were dissolved in
acetonitrile (15.0 mL) under argon. After the reaction mixture was
stirred at 30.degree. C. under argon for 48 hours, the solid was
filtered out. The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give
the title compound, which was used for next step directly.
Step 15: Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldi-
methylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
[0327]
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-bu-
tyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
(80 mg, 0.204 mmol) and K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (85 mg, 0.611 mmol) were
dissolved in methanol (10 mL) under argon. Dimethyl
(1-diazo-2-oxopropyl)phosphonate (78 mg, 0.408 mmol) was added to
the reaction mixture dropwise at 0.degree. C. After the reaction
mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. under argon for 16 hours, it
was filtrated and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was
applied to a silica gel column and eluted with DCM/MeOH (10:1) to
give the title compound. LC-MS: 389.3 [M+H].sup.+
Step 16: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-(hydr-
oxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (11)
[0328]
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-b-
utyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol (50
mg, 0.129 mmol) and TBAF (33.6 mg, 0.129 mmol) were dissolved in
THF (5.0 mL) under argon. After the resulting solution was stirred
at 25.degree. C. under argon for 2 hours, the reaction mixture was
concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by Prep-HPLC
with the following conditions (1#-Pre-HPLC-011 (Waters)): Column,
Xbridge Prep C18 Column, 19*150 mm; mobile phase, water (10 mmoL/L
NH.sub.4HCO.sub.3) and acetonitrile (5.0% acetonitrile up to 25.0%
in 8 min, up to 95.0% in 1.5 min, down to 5.0% in 1.5 min);
Detector, UV254 & 220 nm) to give the title compound 11 as a
solid. LC-MS: 275.1 [M+H].sup.+, .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO, ppm):
.delta.7.82 (s, 1H), 7.69 (s, 2H), 6.82 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (d,
J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 5.60 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 5.28 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 5.06
(d, J=6.8 Hz, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.30-4.34 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.56 (m, 2H),
3.38 (s, 1H), 2.30-2.37 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.13 (m, 1H).
Example 12: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-hydroxy-2-(hydr-
oxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile (12)
##STR00059##
[0329] Step 1: Synthesis of
5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-
oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde oxime
[0330] To a mixture of Intermediate D (see Example 11) (70 mg,
0.178 mmol) in pyridine (5 mL) under argon was added hydroxylamine
hydrochloride (37.17 mg, 0.543 mmol) at 25.degree. C. After the
resulting mixture was stirred for 2 hours at 25.degree. C., the
reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The
residue was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with water
(3.times.20 mL) and brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium
sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title
compound that was used without purification. LC-MS: 408.2
[M+H].sup.+
Step 2: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldim-
ethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile
[0331] To a mixture of
5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-
oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde oxime (70 mg,
0.172 mmol) in DCM (15 mL) under argon was added Et.sub.3N (69.5
mg, 0.687 mmol) and 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic anhydride (72.2 mg, 0.344
mmol) at 25.degree. C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 16
hours at 25.degree. C. and then the reaction mixture was diluted
with DCM (100 mL), washed with sat aqueous sodium bicarbonate
(3.times.20 mL) and brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium
sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was
purified by a silica gel column, eluting with DCM/MeOH (15:1) to
afford the title compound. LC-MS: 309.2 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 3: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-hydroxy-2-(hydr-
oxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile (12)
[0332] To a mixture of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldim-
ethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile (50
mg, 0.128 mmol) in THF (10 mL) under argon was added TBAF (33.6 mg,
0.128 mmol) at 25.degree. C. The resulting mixture was stirred for
2 hours at 25.degree. C. and then concentrated under reduced
pressure. The crude product was purified by Prep-HPLC with the
following conditions: Instrument, (1#-Pre-HPLC-011 (waters));
Column: Xbridge C18, 5 um, 19.times.150 mm; mobile phase: water
(0.05% NH.sub.4CO.sub.3) and ACN (5.0% ACN up to 40% in 10 min,
hold 95% for 2 minutes, down to 5% in 2 minutes); Detector, UV 220
and 254 nm. The collected fractions were combined and concentrated
under reducing pressure to give the title compound 12 as a solid.
LC-MS: 276.0 [M+H].sup.+, .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO, ppm):
.delta.7.86 (s, 1H), 7.74-7.84 (s, 2H), 6.88 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H),
6.84 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 6.10 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 5.72-5.79 (m, 1H),
5.62-5.63 (m, 1H), 4.44-4.61 (s, 1H), 3.53-3.62 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.49
(m, 1H), 2.19-2.24 (m, 1H).
Example 13: ammonium
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-3-hydro-
xytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl triphosphate (13)
##STR00060##
[0333] Step
1:2-((4,4,6,6-tetraoxido-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriphosphinan-2-yl)oxy)benzoat-
e (Intermediate E)
[0334] In a glove box under an argon atmosphere, dry tributylamine
(0.4 mL, 1.679 mmol) was added to the flask containing
tributylammonium pyrophosphate (112 mg, 0.205 mmol) dissolved in
0.4 mL dimethylformamide (DMF) to give a clear solution. The clear
solution was then injected into the flask containing dry
2-chloro-4H-benzo[d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphinin-4-one (27.6 mg, 0.136
mmol) in dimethylformamide (0.4 mL) under vigorous stirring. The
resulting mixture was stirred at 30.degree. C. for 30 minutes to
give a solution of Intermediate E which was used to the next
reaction directly without any work-up.
Step 2: Synthesis of ammonium
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-3-hydro-
xytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl triphosphate (13)
[0335]
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-2--
(hydroxymethyl) tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (Compound 1, 8 mg, 0.029 mmol)
was placed into a round-bottom flask (10 mL) and then dried over
P.sub.2O.sub.5 under high vacuum overnight. To this flask was added
activated molecular sieves 4A (100 mg). The medium was charged with
argon and then a solution of Intermediate E (2.0 eq, freshly
prepared) in dry DMF (0.15 mL) was transferred into the above flask
by syringes and the mixture was stirred at 25.degree. C. for 3
hours. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC (acetonitrile:0.1
M ammonium chloride=7:3). Upon most of the started nucleoside was
consumed, the mixture was cooled down to 0.degree. C., iodine
solution [3% in 0.1 mL of pyridine/water (9:1)] was then injected
into the reaction mixture. As the iodine was consumed, dropwise
addition of the iodine solution was continued until a permanent
brown color of iodine was maintained. After 15 minutes,
triethylammonium bicarbonate buffer (1.0 M, 2 mL) was added with
stirring at 10.degree. C. for another 15 minutes. The volatile was
removed under vacuum (inner temperature not exceed 25.degree. C.).
The residue was re-dissolved in water (2 mL) and extracted with
chloroform (2.times.2 mL). The collected aqueous layer which
containing crude product was then purified by preparative-HPLC with
the following conditions (1#-Pre-HPLC-011 (Waters)): Column,
XBridge.TM. Prep OBD (Optimum Bed Density) T3 Column, 19*150 mm, 5
um; mobile phase, water with 50 mmol ammonium bicarbonate and
acetonitrile (2% acetonitrile up to 5.2% in 5 min, up to 95% in 2
min, down to 5% in 1.5 min); Detector, UV 254 & 220 nm. The
product-containing fractions were collected and lyophilized to give
the title compound 13 as a solid. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 512.90
[M-H-4NH.sub.3].sup.-. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, D.sub.2O, ppm):
.delta. 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.63 (t, J=7.6 Hz,
1H), 6.58 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 4.06-4.14 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.72 (m, 1H),
2.54-2.59 (m, 1H). P-NMR: (161 MHz, D.sub.2O, ppm): .delta. -5.86
(s, 1P), -11.49-11.39 (d, J=15.13 Hz, 1P), -19.29 (s, 1P).
[0336] The following compounds 14-21 were synthesized using the
method described in Example 13:
Example 14: ammonium
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethyny-
l-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl triphosphate (14)
[0337] LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 530.85 [M-H-4NH.sub.3].sup.-. .sup.1H-NMR:
(400 MHz, D.sub.2O, ppm): .delta. 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 6.62
(dd, J=4.8 Hz, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.13 (dd, J=5.6 Hz, J=11.2 Hz, 1H),
4.06 (dd, J=5.0 Hz, J=11.4 Hz, 1H), 2.48-2.64 (m, 2H). P-NMR: (161
MHz, D.sub.2O, ppm): .delta.-5.97-5.89 (d, J=13.85 Hz, 1P),
-11.52-11.43 (d, J=14.81 Hz, 1P), -19.31 (s, 1P).
Example 15: ammonium
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl triphosphate (15)
[0338] LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 527.00 [M-H-4NH.sub.3].sup.-. .sup.1H-NMR:
(400 MHz, D.sub.2O, ppm): .delta. 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 6.55
(t, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (dd, J=6.2 Hz, J=11.4 Hz, 1H), 4.05 (dd,
J=5.8 Hz, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 2.59-2.66 (m, 1H), 2.48-2.53 (m, 1H),
2.78 (s, 3H). P-NMR: (161 MHz, D.sub.2O, ppm): .delta.-5.90 (s,
1P), -11.48-11.39 (d, J=14.49 Hz, 1P), -19.32 (s, 1P).
Example 16: bis-triethylammonium
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethyny-
l-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl triphosphate (16)
[0339] LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 546.95 [M-H-2TEA].sup.-. .sup.1H-NMR: (400
MHz, D.sub.2O, ppm): .delta. 7.31 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (d, J=4.0
Hz, 1H), 6.50 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (dd, J=5.8 Hz, J=10.6 Hz,
1H), 4.08 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 2.62-2.67 (m, 1H),
2.53-2.58 (m, 1H). P-NMR: (161 MHz, D.sub.2O, ppm):
.delta.-5.86-5.77 (d, J=14.81 Hz, 1P), -11.45-11.35 (d, J=15.13 Hz,
1P), -19.24 (s, 1P).
Example 17: ammonium
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethyny-
l-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl triphosphate (17)
[0340] LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 546.70 [M-H-4NH.sub.3].sup.-. .sup.1H-NMR:
(400 MHz, D.sub.2O, ppm): .delta. 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 6.54
(t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.01-4.13 (m, 2H), 2.52-2.62 (m, 2H). P-NMR:
(161 MHz, D.sub.2O, ppm): .delta.-5.81 (s, 1P), -11.42 (s, 1P),
-19.25 (s, 1P).
Example 18: bis-triethylammonium
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-cyano-3-hydroxy-
tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl triphosphate (18)
[0341] LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 514.35 [M-H-2TEA].sup.-. .sup.1H-NMR: (400
MHz, D.sub.2O, ppm): .delta. 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H),
6.70 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 6.55 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 4.87 (t, J=6.0 Hz,
1H), 4.21-4.16 (m, 2H), 2.99 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 15H), 2.80-2.76 (m, 1H),
2.58-2.54 (m, 1H), 1.12 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 26H). P-NMR: (161 MHz,
D.sub.2O, ppm): .delta.-5.85 (s, 1P), -11.84 (d, J=15.30 Hz, 1P),
-19.38 (s, 1P).
Example 19: ammonium
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-3-hydr-
oxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl triphosphate (19)
[0342] LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 512.90 [M-H-4NH.sub.3].sup.-. .sup.1H-NMR:
(400 MHz, D.sub.2O, ppm): .delta. 7.73 (s, 1H), 6.77 (dd, J=4.4 Hz,
J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 5.73 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 4.52-4.56 (m, 1H), 3.98-4.03
(m, 2H), 2.56-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.34-2.40 (m, 1H). P-NMR: (161 MHz,
D.sub.2O, ppm): .delta.-5.79 (s, 1P), -11.24 (s, 1P), -19.21 (s,
1P).
Example 20: ammonium
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-2-ethynyl-3-hyd-
roxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl triphosphate (20)
[0343] LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 513.95 [M-H-4 NH.sub.3].sup.-.
.sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, D.sub.2O, ppm): .delta. 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.99
(s, 1H), 5.53 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.60-4.57 (m, 1H), 4.12-4.03 (m,
2H), 2.56-2.49 (m, 1H), 2.35-2.29 (m, 1H). P-NMR: (161 MHz,
D.sub.2O, ppm): .delta.-5.82 (s, 1P), -11.32-11.23 (d, J=13.69 Hz,
1P), -19.24 (s, 1P).
Example 21: ammonium
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-3-hydr-
oxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl triphosphate (21)
[0344] LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 513.95 [M-H-4NH.sub.3].sup.-. .sup.1H-NMR:
(400 MHz, D.sub.2O, ppm): .delta. 8.23 (s, 1H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 5.66
(t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.61-4.58 (m, 1H), 4.05 (brs, 2H), 2.68-2.61 (m,
1H), 2.46-2.42 (m, 1H). P-NMR: (161 MHz, D.sub.2O, ppm):
.delta.-5.81 (s, 1P), -11.33-11.24 (d, J=13.85 Hz, 1P), -19.19 (s,
1P).
[0345] The names of the corresponding salt-free form of compounds
13-21 are, respectively: [0346] 13)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-3-hydro-
xytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate; [0347]
14)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethyny-
l-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate;
[0348] 15)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-et-
hynyl-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen
triphosphate; [0349] 16)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethyny-
l-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate;
[0350] 17)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-et-
hynyl-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen
triphosphate; [0351] 18)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-cyano-3-hydroxy-
tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate; [0352] 19)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,
1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl
tetrahydrogen triphosphate; [0353] 20)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-2-ethynyl-3-hyd-
roxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate; and
[0354] 21)
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-3-hydr-
oxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate.
Example 22: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-(hydr-
oxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (22)
##STR00061## ##STR00062## ##STR00063##
[0355] Step 1: Synthesis of (aminooxy)diphenylphosphine oxide
[0356] To a stirred solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (70 g,
1007 mmol) in a mixture of 1,4-dioxane (100 mL) and water (100 mL)
was added a solution of NaOH (38.3 g, 957 mmol) in water (400 mL)
dropwise with stirring at 0.degree. C. in 30 minutes. The resulting
solution was stirred at 0.degree. C. for 20 minutes. To the above
was injected a solution of diphenylphosphinic chloride (77 mL, 403
mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (100 mL) quickly at 0.degree. C. The resulting
mixture was stirred vigorously at ambient temperature for 10
minutes. A precipitate was formed and collected by filtration. The
solid was re-suspended in aq NaOH (0.25 N, 1000 mL) and stirred at
4.degree. C. for 1.5 hours. The mixture was filtered and the filter
cake was washed with water (3.times.1000 mL) and ether (2.times.500
mL) successively. The solid was dried under vacuum overnight to
give (aminooxy)diphenylphosphine oxide. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 233.9
[M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta.
7.82-7.69 (m, 4H), 7.58-7.40 (m, 6H) P-NMR: (121 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO,
ppm): .delta. 21.53 (s, 1P).
Step 2: Synthesis of ethyl 1-amino-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylate
[0357] To a stirred solution of ethyl 1H-imidazole-2-carboxylate (6
g, 30.9 mmol) in DMF (250 mL) under argon atmosphere was added
LiHMDS THF solution (93 mL, 93 mmol, 1 M) dropwise at -10.degree.
C. for 60 minutes. The resulting mixture was stirred at -10.degree.
C. for additional 30 min, and then (aminooxy)diphenylphosphine
oxide (21.63 g, 93 mmol) was added in portions for 30 minutes while
maintained the temperature between 0.degree. C. to 10.degree. C.
The resulting mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred
vigorously for 16 hours. The reaction was quenched with ice water
(600 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2.times.800 mL). The combined
organic layers was dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give
ethyl 1-amino-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylate which was used for the
next reaction step directly without further purification. LC-MS:
(ES, m/z): 156.1 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO,
ppm): .delta. 7.37 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 6.57
(br s, 2H), 4.33-4.27 (m, 2H), 1.31 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).
Step 3: Synthesis of imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(3H)-one
[0358] To a stirred mixture of ethyl
1-amino-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylate (6 g, 30.9 mmol) in EtOH (60 mL)
under argon atmosphere was added formamidine acetate (17.71 g, 170
mmol). The resulting mixture was heated to reflux and stirred
overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature
and filtered. The filter cake was washed with water (3.times.10 mL)
and EtOAc (2.times.10 mL) successively. The collected solid was
dried under high vacuum overnight to give
imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(3H)-one. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 136.9
[M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta.
12.31 (br s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.98 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d,
J=0.8 Hz, 1H).
Step 4: Synthesis of 4-chloroimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine
[0359] Imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(3H)-one (2.4 g, 17.63 mmol)
was massed into a 100 mL round-bottom flask under argon atmosphere
followed by the injection of POCl.sub.3 (20 mL) at room
temperature. The mixture was heated to reflux and stirred for 16 h.
The volatile was removed under reduce pressure. The residue was
partitioned between EtOAc (100 mL) and water (30 mL). The organic
layer was washed with cold aq NaHCO.sub.3 (saturated, 3.times.20
mL) and brine (20 mL) successively, dried over anhydrous
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under
reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column
chromatography using pet. ether/EtOAc (5/1) to afford
4-chloroimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 155.0
[M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta.
8.81 (s, 1H), 8.65 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H).
Step 5. Synthesis of
4-(methylthio)imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine
[0360] To a stirred solution of
4-chloroimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine (20 g, 129 mmol) in THF (500
mL) under argon atmosphere was added NaSMe (13.60 g, 194 mmol) at
room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 72 hours. The reaction mixture was quenched with
aqueous NH.sub.4Cl (saturated, 200 mL) and extracted with EtOAc
(2.times.500 mL). The combined organic layers was washed with brine
(2.times.200 mL), dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The
residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using pet.
ether/EtOAc (1/1) to afford
4-(methylthio)imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine. LC-MS: (ES, m/z):
167.2 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta.
8.47 (s, 1H), 7.90 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=0.4 Hz, 1H), 2.73
(s, 3H).
Step 6: Synthesis of
(3R,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)-2-(4-(methylthio)imid-
azo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-ol
[0361] To a stirred solution of
4-(methylthio)imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine (1 g, 6.02 mmol) in THF
(25 mL) under argon atmosphere was injected LDA THF solution (4.5
mL, 9.0 mmol, 2 M) at -78.degree. C. in 5 minutes. The resulting
mixture was maintained at -78.degree. C. for 30 minutes, and then a
solution of
(3R,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
(commercial, 3.27 g, 7.82 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was injected and the
resulting mixture was stirred between -78.degree. C. to -50.degree.
C. for 2 hours. The reaction was quenched with aqueous NH.sub.4Cl
(saturated, 20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2.times.50 mL). The
combined organic layers was washed with brine (2.times.20 mL),
dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and the filtrate
was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified
by silica gel column chromatography using pet. ether/EtOAc (5/1) to
give (3R,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)
methyl)-2-(4-(methylthio)imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)tetrahydrofura-
n-2-ol. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 585.1 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 7: Synthesis of
7-((2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran--
2-yl)-4-(methylthio)imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine
[0362] To a stirred solution of
(3R,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)-2-(4-(methylthio)imid-
azo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-ol (1.7 g, 2.91
mmol) in DCM (30 mL) under argon atmosphere were injected boron
trifluoride-diethyl etherate (825.3 mg, 5.82 mmol) and
triethylsilane (1.35 g, 11.63 mmol) at 0.degree. C. successively.
The resulting mixture was stirred at 0.degree. C. for additional 16
hours. The reaction was quenched with aqueous NaHCO.sub.3
(saturated, 20 mL) and extracted with DCM (2.times.30 mL). The
combined organic layers was washed with brine (30 mL), dried over
anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and the filtrate was
concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by
silica gel column chromatography using pet. ether/EtOAc (10/1) to
give
7-((2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran--
2-yl)-4-(methylthio)imidazo[2, 1-f][1,2,4]triazine. LC-MS: (ES,
m/z): 570.0 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm):
.delta. 8.38 (s, 1H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.37-7.26 (m, 15H), 5.56 (d,
J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 4.70-4.49 (m, 6H), 4.39 (q, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 4.34 (t,
J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (t, J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.70 (dd, J=3.6 Hz, J=10.5
Hz, 1H), 3.60 (dd, J=3.9 Hz, J=10.8 Hz, 1H), 2.70 (s, 3H).
Step 8: Synthesis of
7-((2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran--
2-yl)imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine
[0363] To a 80 mL steel bomb, was massed
7-((2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran--
2-yl)-4-(methylthio)imidazo[2, 1-f][1,2,4]triazine (1.4 g, 2.462
mmol). The medium was cooled to -60.degree. C. To this was added
isopropanolic ammonia (isopropanol/liquid ammonia=2/3, mixed at
-60.degree. C., 50 mL). The resulting mixture was heated to
90.degree. C. and stirred for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was
cooled to room temperature and then concentrated under reduced
pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column
chromatography using pet. ether/EtOAc (1/1) to give
7-((2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran--
2-yl)imidazo[2, 1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 538.3
[M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta.
8.24 (br s, 1H), 8.15 (br s, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.49 (s, 1H),
7.36-7.28 (m, 15H), 5.35 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (s, 2H), 4.56 (d,
J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 4.52 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 2H), 4.45 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 1H),
4.22-4.16 (m, 2H), 3.65 (dd, J=3.2 Hz, J=10.8 Hz, 1H), 3.58 (dd,
J=4.4 Hz, J=10.8 Hz, 1H).
Step 9: Synthesis of
(2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymeth-
yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol
[0364] To a stirred solution of
7-((2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran--
2-yl)imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine (1.2 g, 2.232 mmol) in
AcOH (10 mL) was added 20% Pd(OH).sub.2/C (1.2 g). The medium was
charged with hydrogen (2 atm) and stirred at 25.degree. C. for 24
hours. The solid was filtered out and washed with AcOH (2.times.15
mL). The combined filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using
DCM/MeOH (8/1) to afford (2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-aminoimidazo[2,
1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol.
LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 290.0 [M+Na].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz,
d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 8.22 (br s, 1H), 8.15 (br s, 1H), 8.07
(s, 1H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 5.13-5.09 (m, 2H), 5.03 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H),
4.78 (br s, 1H), 4.32 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.99 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 1H),
3.81 (q, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.56 (dd, J=3.2 Hz, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 3.46
(dd, J=3.6 Hz, J=11.2 Hz, 1H).
Step 10: Synthesis of
(6aR,8S,9S,9aS)-8-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2,2,4,4-tetr-
aisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3,5,2,4]trioxadisilocin-9-ol
[0365] To a stirred solution of (2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-aminoimidazo[2,
1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol
(3.2 g, 11.97 mmol) and 1H-imidazole (3.26 g, 47.9 mmol) in DMF (65
mL) under argon atmosphere was injected
1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane (3.97 g, 12.57 mmol)
at 0.degree. C. The resulting mixture was warmed to 30.degree. C.
and stirred for 5 hours. The reaction was quenched with water (70
mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3.times.100 mL). The combined organic
layer was washed with brine (3.times.100 mL), dried over anhydrous
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under
reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column
chromatography using pet. ether/EtOAc (3/1) to give
(6aR,8S,9S,9aS)-8-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2,2,4,4-tetr-
aisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3,5,2,4]trioxadisilocin-9-ol.
LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 510.4 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta. 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.03 (br s,
1H), 6.39 (br s, 1H), 5.31 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (dd, J=6.0 Hz,
J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (q, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.10-4.05 (m, 3H), 3.20 (br
s, 1H), 1.15-1.05 (m, 28H).
Step 11: Synthesis of
O-((6aR,8S,9S,9aR)-8-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2,2,4,4-t-
etraisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3,5,2,4]trioxadisilocin-9-yl)O-ph-
enyl carbonothioate
[0366] To a stirred solution of
(6aR,8S,9S,9aS)-8-(4-aminoimidazo[2,
1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2,2,4,4-tetraisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][-
1,3,5,2,4]trioxadisilocin-9-ol (4.0 g, 7.85 mmol) and DMAP (3.83 g,
31.4 mmol) in DCM (160 mL) under argon atmosphere was injected
O-phenyl carbonochloridothioate (2.71 g, 15.69 mmol) at 0.degree.
C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0.degree. C. for additional
3 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced
pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column
chromatography using pet. ether/EtOAc (1/3) to give
O-((6aR,8S,9S,9aR)-8-(4-aminoimidazo[2,
1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2,2,4,4-tetraisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][-
1,3,5,2,4]trioxadisilocin-9-yl)O-phenyl carbonothioate. LC-MS: (ES,
m/z): .delta.46.3 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO,
ppm): .delta. 8.37 (br s, 1H), 8.28 (br s, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.67
(s, 1H), 7.49 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d,
J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.22 (dd, J=2.0 Hz, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 5.49 (d, J=2.0
Hz, 1H), 4.95 (dd, J=5.2 Hz, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.07-3.96 (m, 2H),
3.91-3.88 (m, 1H), 1.07-1.04 (m, 28H).
Step 12: Synthesis of
7-((6aR,8R,9aS)-2,2,4,4-tetraisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3,5,2,4-
]trioxadisilocin-8-yl)imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine
[0367] To a stirred solution of
O-((6aR,8S,9S,9aR)-8-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2,2,4,4-t-
etraisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3,5,2,4]trioxadisilocin-9-yl)O-ph-
enyl carbonothioate (350 mg, 0.542 mmol) and AIBN (133 mg, 0.813
mmol) in degassed toluene (10 mL) under argon atmosphere was
injected tri-n-butyltin hydride (314 mg, 1.084 mmol) at room
temperature. The mixture was heated to 80.degree. C. and stirred
for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced
pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column
chromatography using pet. ether/EtOAc (1/3) to give
7-((6aR,8R,9aS)-2,2,4,4-tetraisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3,5,2,4-
]trioxadisilocin-8-yl)imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine. LC-MS:
(ES, m/z): 494.5 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO,
ppm): .delta. 8.23 (br s, 1H), 8.16 (br s, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.56
(s, 1H), 5.42 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (dd, J=5.8 Hz, J=13.0 Hz,
1H), 3.95 (dd, J=3.2 Hz, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 3.83 (dd, J=6.8 Hz, J=12.0
Hz, 1H), 3.78-3.75 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.51 (m, 1H), 2.37-2.32 (m, 1H),
1.07-1.01 (m, 28H).
Step 13: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-
tetrahydrofuran-3-ol
[0368] To a stirred solution of
7-((6aR,8R,9aS)-2,2,4,4-tetraisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3,5,2,4-
]trioxadisilocin-8-yl)imidazo[2, 1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine (2.7 g,
5.47 mmol) in THF (60 mL) was injected hydrogen fluoride-pyridine
(5.42 g, 54.7 mmol) at 0.degree. C. The mixture was warmed to
ambient temperature and stirred for 20 hours. The reaction mixture
was cooled to 0.degree. C., neutralized with solid NaHCO.sub.3 and
then diluted with MeOH (50 mL). The solid was filtered out and the
filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was
treated with DCM/MeOH (20 mL, 100/1, v/v) and stirred for 30
minutes. The white precipitate was collected and dried under vacuum
overnight to give
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-
tetrahydrofuran-3-ol. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm):
.delta. 8.20 (br s, 1H), 8.13 (br s, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.60 (s,
1H), 5.42 (dd, J=5.8 Hz, J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H),
4.74 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.28-4.25 (m, 1H), 3.81-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.42
(t, J=5.4 Hz, 2H), 2.33-2.26 (m, 1H), 2.13-2.09 (m, 1H).
Step 14: Synthesis of
7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsil-
yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine
[0369]
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2-(hydroxym-
ethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (200 mg, 0.796 mmol) and 1H-imidazole
(217 mg, 3.18 mmol) were massed into a 10 mL flask under argon
atmosphere. To the mixture was injected anhydrous DMF (2.5 mL),
followed by the addition of tert-butylchlorodimethylsilane (360 mg,
2.388 mmol) at 0.degree. C. The mixture was stirred at 25.degree.
C. for 3 h. The resulting mixture was diluted with EtOAc (50 mL),
washed with aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 (saturated, 2.times.15 mL) and
brine (20 mL) respectively. The organic layer was collected and
dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated
under reduced pressure.
[0370] The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography
using pet. ether/EtOAc (35%-52% EtOAc in pet. ether) to give
7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsil-
yl)
oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine.
LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 480.1 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz,
d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 8.20 (br s, 1H), 8.13 (br s, 1H), 8.06
(s, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 5.43 (dd, J=5.6 Hz, J=10.0 Hz, 1H),
4.46-4.44 (m, 1H), 3.81 (t, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 3.63-3.51 (m, 2H),
2.45-2.36 (m, 1H), 2.16-2.10 (m, 1H), 0.89 (s, 9H), 0.86 (s, 9H),
0.10 (s, 6H), 0.02 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 6H).
Step 15: Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldi-
methylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
[0371]
7-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimet-
hylsilyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-am-
ine (350 mg, 0.730 mmol) was massed into a 25 mL round-bottom
flask, followed by the injection of THF (4 mL). The medium was
cooled to 0.degree. C. To this was added a precooled solution of
trifluoroacetic acid/water (1/1, v/v, 2 mL) dropwise with stirring
at 0.degree. C. in 10 min. The resulting mixture was stirred at
0.degree. C. for 2 hours. The reaction progress was monitored by
TLC & LCMS. The resulting solution was co-evaporated with
toluene (3.times.20 mL) and the residue was re-suspended in aq
NaHCO.sub.3 (saturated, 4 mL) and then evaporated to dryness. The
residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography with
EtOAc/DCM (1/1) to give
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldi-
methylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol. LC-MS: (ES, m/z):
366.2 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm):
.delta. 8.09 (br s, 1H), 8.03 (br s, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.51 (s,
1H), 5.31 (q, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 4.34 (d, J=5.1
Hz, 1H), 3.69 (t, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 3.33-3.28 (m, 2H), 2.34-2.24 (m,
1H), 2.01-1.96 (m, 1H), 0.79 (s, 9H), 0.01 (s, 6H).
Step 16: Synthesis of
(2S,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldim-
ethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
[0372] To a stirred solution of ((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,
1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran--
2-yl)methanol (280 mg, 0.766 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (20
mL) under argon atmosphere was added IBX (644 mg, 2.298 mmol) at
room temperature. The mixture was heated to 80.degree. C. and
stirred for 25 minutes. LCMS indicated that the started nucleoside
was all consumed. The resulting mixture was cooled to room
temperature. The solids were filtered out and the filtrate was
concentrated under reduced pressure to give
(2S,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldim-
ethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde, which was used for
the next reaction step directly without further purification.
LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 363.7 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 17: Synthesis of
((3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldimet-
hylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol
[0373] To a stirred solution of
(2S,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldim-
ethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde (300 mg, crude) in
1,4-dioxane (4 mL) in a 25 mL round-bottom flask, was injected 37%
aq formaldehyde (1.0 mL), followed by aq NaOH (1.0 mL, 2.0 mmol, 2
N) at 0.degree. C. The resulting mixture was warmed to ambient
temperature and stirred for 16 hours. Upon the started nucleoside
was all consumed, the reaction mixture was neutralized with AcOH
(.about.0.2 mL). The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and
washed successively with water (2.times.25 mL), aqueous NaHCO.sub.3
(saturated, 25 mL) and brine (20 mL). The organic layer was dried
over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and the filtrate was
concentrated under reduced pressure give a crude product. The crude
product was re-dissolved in EtOH (5 mL) under argon atmosphere and
was added sodium borohydride (153 mg, 4.04 mmol) in portions at
0.degree. C. After stirring at ambient temperature for 16 hours,
the reaction mixture was neutralized with AcOH (.about.0.2 mL) and
evaporated to dryness. The residue was partitioned between
CHCl.sub.3 (50 mL) and water (25 mL). The aqueous layer was
re-extracted with CHCl.sub.3 (2.times.25 mL). The combined organic
layer was washed brine (40 mL), dried over anhydrous
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under
reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column
chromatography using DCM/MeOH (30/1) to give
((3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldimet-
hylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol. LC-MS: (ES, m/z):
395.8 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm):
.delta. 8.18 (br s, 1H), 8.12 (br s, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.62 (s,
1H), 5.47 (q, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (d, J=3.6
Hz, 1H), 4.27 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.60-3.55 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.51 (m,
2H), 3.34-3.31 (m, 1H), 2.56-2.53 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.07 (m, 1H), 0.90
(s, 9H), 0.09 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 6H).
Step 18: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldim-
ethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
[0374] To a stirred mixture of
((3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldimet-
hylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol (180 mg, 0.455
mmol) in acetonitrile (20 mL) and DMSO (2 mL) under argon
atmosphere was added IBX (382 mg, 1.365 mmol) at room temperature.
The resulting mixture was warmed to 30.degree. C. and stirred for 2
hours. The solid was filtered out, washed with CHCl.sub.3
(2.times.20 mL) and the combined filtrate was concentrated under
reduced pressure. The residue was re-dissolved in EtOAc (30 mL),
washed successively with aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 (saturated, 2.times.15
mL) and brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4,
filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure
to give
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldim-
ethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde,
which was used for the next reaction step directly without further
purification. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 393.8 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 19: Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7aH-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldi-
methylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
[0375] To a stirred mixture of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldim-
ethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
(250 mg, 0.286 mmol, crude) and K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (120 mg, 0.86 mmol)
in MeOH (10 mL) under argon atmosphere was injected a solution of
dimethyl (1-diazo-2-oxopropyl)phosphonate (110 mg, 0.58 mmol) in
MeOH (1 mL) at 0.degree. C. The resulting mixture was warmed to
30.degree. C. and stirred for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was
concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by
silica gel column chromatography using DCM/MeOH (30/1) to give
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-7aH-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldi-
methylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol. LC-MS:
(ES, m/z): 390.2 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO,
ppm): .delta. 8.23 (br s, 1H), 8.15 (br s, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.67
(s, 1H), 5.54 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (dd,
J=4.6 Hz, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 3.55 (dd, J=5.2 Hz, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 3.45
(dd, J=7.0 Hz, J=11.8 Hz, 1H), 3.42 (s, 1H), 2.56-2.53 (m, 1H),
2.23-2.17 (m, 1H), 0.91 (s, 9H), 0.10 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 6H).
Step 20. Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-(hydr-
oxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (22)
[0376] To a stirred solution of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminoimidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3-((tert-butyldi-
methylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol (150 mg,
0.385 mmol) in anhydrous THF (5 mL) under argon atmosphere was
injected TBAF THF solution (0.385 mL, 0.385 mmol, 1 M) at 0.degree.
C. The mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 16
hours. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC & LCMS. The
resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The
residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using
DCM/MeOH (24/1) to give the title compound 22. LC-MS: (ES, m/z):
309.00 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm):
.delta. 8.21 (br s, 1H), 8.14 (br s, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.64 (s,
1H), 5.53 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 5.34 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 5.07 (t, J=6.4
Hz, 1H), 4.35 (q, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.56 (dd, J=5.6 Hz, J=12.0 Hz,
1H), 3.48 (dd, J=7.0 Hz, J=11.8 Hz, 1H), 3.41 (s, 1H), 2.46-2.41
(m, 1H), 2.28-2.21 (m, 1H).
Example 23: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-(hyd-
roxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (23)
##STR00064## ##STR00065## ##STR00066##
[0377] Step 1: Synthesis of
(3R,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-ol
[0378] To a stirred suspension of NaH 60% dispersed in mineral oil
(1.878 g, 46.9 mmol) in anhydrous DME (dimethylether) (150 mL)
under argon atmosphere was injected diethyl
(cyanomethyl)phosphonate (11.88 g, 67.1 mmol) at 0.degree. C. over
10 minutes. The mixture was warmed to 25.degree. C. and maintained
for 0.5 h and then a solution of
(3R,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-ol
(14.1 g, 33.5 mmol) in dry DME (100 mL) was added drop-wise with
stirring at 0.degree. C. over 30 minutes. The resulting mixture was
warmed to 25.degree. C. again and maintained for 2 hours. The
resulting mixture was diluted with H.sub.2O (300 mL) and extracted
with Et.sub.2O (3.times.500 mL). The combined organic layers was
washed with brine (500 mL), dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4,
filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
The residue was purified by flash silica gel column chromatography
using EtOAc/pet. ether (5%-20% EtOAc in pet. ether) to afford
2-((3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-y-
l)acetonitrile. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 444.21 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR:
(300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta. 7.33-7.31 (m, 15H), 4.63-4.43
(m, 6H), 4.25-4.13 (m, 2H), 3.95 (dd, J=3.0 Hz, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.77
(dd, J=5.4 Hz, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.53-3.45 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.75 (m, 0.4
H), 2.66 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, J=16.8 Hz, 0.8 H), 2.50 (dd, J=4.8 Hz,
J=16.8 Hz, 0.8 H).
Step 2: Synthesis of
2-((3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-y-
l)-3-(dimethylamino)acrylonitrile
[0379] To a stirred solution of
2-((3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)
methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)acetonitrile (12.6 g, 28.4 mmol) in DCM
(90 mL) under argon atmosphere were injected dry DMF (2.54 mL, 32.8
mmol) followed by 1-tert-butoxy-N,N,N',N-tetramethylmethanediamine
(19.80 g, 114 mmol) at 0.degree. C. over 5 minutes. The resulting
mixture was warmed to 25.degree. C. and stirred for 16 hours. The
resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The
residue was purified by flash silica gel column chromatography
using EtOAc/pet. ether (15%-35% EtOAc in pet. ether) to afford
2-((3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-y-
l)-3-(dimethylamino)acrylonitrile. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 499.25
[M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta.
7.33-7.30 (m, 15H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 4.65-4.53 (m, 6H), 4.32 (d, J=7.2
Hz, 1H), 4.19-4.15 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.90 (m, 2H), 3.59-3.46 (m, 2H),
3.04 (s, 6H).
Step 3. Synthesis of
2-((3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-y-
l)-3-hydrazinylacrylonitrile
[0380] To a stirred solution of
2-((3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)
methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-3-(dimethylamino)acrylonitrile (12.9
g, 25.9 mmol) in MeOH (90 mL) were added hydrazine hydrate (21.15
g, 647 mmol), H.sub.2O (3.0 mL, 167 mmol) and hydrazine
hydrochloride (2.66 g, 38.8 mmol) successively at room temperature.
The resulting mixture was heated to 65.degree. C. and stirred for
16 hours. The final mixture was concentrated under reduced
pressure. The residue was diluted with H.sub.2O (500 mL) and
extracted with EtOAc (3.times.500 mL). The combined organic layers
was washed with brine (500 mL), dried over anhydrous
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under
reduced pressure to afford
2-((3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-y-
l)-3-hydrazinylacrylonitrile, which was used for the next reaction
step directly without further purification. LC-MS: (ES, m/z):
486.23 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 4: Synthesis of
4-[(2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-[(benzyloxy)methyl]oxolan-2-yl]-1H--
pyrazol-5-amine
[0381]
2-((3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofur-
an-2-yl)-3-hydrazinylacrylonitrile (18 g, 37.1 mmol) was put into a
1000-mL round-bottom flask followed by the injection of ACN (200
mL). The mixture was refluxed for 48 hours. The resulting mixture
was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified
by flash silica gel column chromatography using MeOH/DCM (2% to 10%
MeOH in DCM) to afford
4-[(2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-[(benzyloxy)methyl]oxolan-2-yl]-1H--
pyrazol-5-amine. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 486.23 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR:
(400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta. 7.40-7.24 (m, 16H), 4.97 (d,
J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 4.62-4.44 (m, 5H),
4.24-4.22 (m, 1H), 4.10-4.04 (m, 2H), 3.71 (dd, J=3.0 Hz, J=10.2
Hz, 1H), 3.63-3.50 (m, 1H).
Step 5. Synthesis of
8-((2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran--
2-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-4-amine
[0382] To a stirred mixture of cyanamide (50 g, 1189 mmol) was
added trimethoxymethane (505 g, 4757 mmol) and the mixture was
heated to 105.degree. C. and stirred for 5 minutes. To the above
was injected formic acid (4.38 g, 95 mmol) at 105.degree. C. over 5
minutes. After the resulting solution was stirred at 105.degree. C.
for 5 hours, the reaction mixture was cooled down to room
temperature. The solids were filtered out and the filtrate was
concentrated under reduced pressure. The product was collected by
distillation (0.1 mm Hg, 60.degree. C. to 70.degree. C.) to give
(E)-methyl N-cyanoformimidate (50 g, 0.595 mol).
[0383] To a stirred solution of (E)-methyl N-cyanoformimidate
(21.82 g, 259 mmol) in toluene (150 mL) under argon atmosphere was
added a solution of
4-((3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran--
2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine (21 g, 43.2 mmol) in toluene (30 mL) at
room temperature. The resulting mixture was heated to 90.degree. C.
and stirred for 20 hours. The resulting solution was concentrated
under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash silica
gel column chromatography using EtOAc/pet. ether (30% to 50% EtOAc
in pet. ether) to afford
8-((2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)
tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-4-amine. LC-MS:
(ES, m/z): 538.24 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3,
ppm): .delta. 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.31-7.23 (m, 15H), 6.67
(br s, 2H), 5.33 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 4.67-4.50 (m, 6H), 4.35-4.29
(m, 2H), 4.15-4.11 (m, 1H), 3.72 (dd, J=3.9 Hz, J=10.5 Hz, 1H),
3.62 (dd, J=4.2 Hz, J=10.8 Hz, 1H).
Step 6: Synthesis of
(2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-5-(hydroxymet-
hyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol
[0384] To a stirred mixture of
8-((2S,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-5-((benzyloxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran--
2-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-4-amine (10 g, 18.60 mmol) in
AcOH (250 mL) was added palladium hydroxide 20% on carbon. The
mixture was charged with hydrogen (1.5-2 atm) and stirred at
25.degree. C. for 14 hours. The solids were filtered out. The
filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was
triturated with DCM (150 mL) to form a white precipitate. The
precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with DCM and dried
in vacuo overnight to give
(2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-5-(hydroxymet-
hyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 268.10 [M+H].sup.+.
.sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 8.76 (br s, 1H),
8.41 (br s, 1H), 8.19 (s, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 4.96-4.91 (m, 2H),
4.86-4.81 (m, 2H), 4.20 (q, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.98 (q, J=4.5 Hz, 1H),
3.78 (q, J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 3.61-3.55 (m, 1H), 3.49-3.43 (m, 1H).
Step 7: Synthesis of
(6aR,8S,9S,9aS)-8-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-2,2,4,4-tet-
raisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3,5,2,4]trioxadisilocin-9-ol
[0385] To a stirred solution of
(2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-5-(hydroxymet-
hyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (2.2 g, 8.23 mmol) and 1H-imidazole
(1.681 g, 24.70 mmol) in dry DMF (100 mL) under argon atmosphere
was injected 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane (2.86 g,
9.06 mmol) at 0.degree. C. over 4 minutes. The resulting mixture
was warmed to 25.degree. C. and stirred for 3 hours. The residue
was diluted with H.sub.2O (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc
(3.times.50 mL). The combined organic layers was washed with brine
(2.times.50 mL), dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The
residue was purified by flash silica gel column chromatography
using EtOAc/pet. ether (30%-50% EtOAc in pet. ether) to afford
(6aR,8S,9S,9aS)-8-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-2,2,4,4-tet-
raisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3,5,2,4]trioxadisilocin-9-ol.
LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 510.25 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz,
d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 8.72 (br s, 1H), 8.42 (br s, 1H), 8.08
(s, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 5.08 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.91 (d, J=1.8 Hz,
1H), 4.41 (dd, J=5.4 Hz, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.30-4.28 (m, 1H),
3.99-3.86 (m, 3H), 1.04-1.00 (m, 28H).
Step 8: Synthesis of
8-((6aR,8R,9aS)-2,2,4,4-tetraisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3,5,2,4-
]trioxadisilocin-8-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-4-amine
[0386] To a stirred solution of
(6aR,8S,9S,9aS)-8-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-2,2,4,4-tet-
raisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3,5,2,4]trioxadisilocin-9-ol
(3.90 g, 7.65 mmol) in dry DCE (120 mL) under argon atmosphere was
added 1,1'-thiocarbonyldiimidazole (1.704 g, 9.56 mmol) at room
temperature. The resulting mixture was heated to 85.degree. C. and
stirred for 1.5 hours. TLC indicated the starting nucleoside was
all consumed. The resulting solution was concentrated under reduced
pressure to give crude imidazolyl intermediate which was
immediately re-dissolved in degassed toluene (120 mL) under argon
atmosphere. To the above was added AIBN (1.88 g, 11.48 mmol)
followed by the injection of tributylstannane (4.45 g, 15.30 mmol)
at 25.degree. C. over 2 minutes. The resulting mixture was heated
to 80.degree. C. and stirred for 3 hours. The resulting solution
was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was
purified by flash silica gel column chromatography using EtOAc/pet.
ether (30%-50% EtOAc in pet. ether) to afford
8-((6aR,8R,9aS)-2,2,4,4-tetraisopropyltetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3,5,2,4-
]trioxadisilocin-8-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-4-amine. LC-MS:
(ES, m/z): 494.25 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3,
ppm): .delta. 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 6.61 (br s, 2H), 5.40 (t,
J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.70-4.65 (m, 1H), 4.10 (dd, J=3.0 Hz, J=10.8 Hz,
1H), 3.95-3.81 (m, 2H), 2.52-2.38 (m, 2H), 1.08-1.05 (m, 28H).
Step 9: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl-
)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol
[0387] To a stirred solution of
8-((6aR,8R,9aS)-2,2,4,4-tetraisopropyl
tetrahydro-6H-furo[3,2-f][1,3,5,2,4]trioxadisilocin-8-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a][-
1,3,5]triazin-4-amine (1.5 g, 3.04 mmol) in anhydrous THF (35 mL)
under argon atmosphere was injected HF-Pyridine solution (1.5 mL,
11.65 mmol) at 0.degree. C. over 5 minutes. The mixture was warmed
to 25.degree. C. and stirred for 4 hours.
[0388] The resulting mixture was neutralized by the addition of
solid NaHCO.sub.3 and then diluted with MeOH (30 mL). The
un-dissolved solid was filtered out. The filtrate was concentrated
under reduced pressure and then triturated with EtOAc (20 mL). A
white precipitate was formed and collected by filtration then dried
in vacuo overnight to afford
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl-
)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 252.10 [M+H].sup.+.
.sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 8.71 (br s, 1H),
8.39 (br s, 1H), 8.19 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 5.25 (q, J=5.4 Hz,
1H), 5.03 (d, J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 4.87 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.26-4.24 (m,
1H), 3.76-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.22 (m, 1H),
2.04-1.98 (m, 1H)
Step 10: Synthesis of
8-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsil-
yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-4-amine
[0389] To a stirred solution of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl-
)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (540 mg, 2.149 mmol) and 1H-imidazole (512
mg, 7.52 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) under argon atmosphere was added
TBS-Cl (972 mg, 6.45 mmol) at 0.degree. C. over 1 minutes. The
resulting mixture was warmed to 25.degree. C. and stirred for 2
hours. The resulting solution was diluted with H.sub.2O (50 mL) and
extracted with EtOAc (3.times.50 mL). The combined organic layers
was washed with brine (2.times.50 mL), dried over anhydrous
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under
reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash silica gel
column chromatography using EtOAc/pet. ether (20% EtOAc in pet.
ether) to afford
8-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsil-
yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-4-amine.
LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 480.27 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3, ppm): .delta. 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 6.80 (br s,
2H), 5.49 (q, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.98 (t, J=4.0
Hz, 1H), 3.74 (dd, J=3.8 Hz, J=10.6 Hz, 1H), 3.63 (dd, J=6.4 Hz,
J=10.8 Hz, 1H), 2.39-2.32 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.17 (m, 1H), 0.93-0.92 (m,
18H), 0.11-0.05 (m, 12H).
Step 11: Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-3-((tert-butyld-
imethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
[0390] To a stirred solution of
8-((2R,4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldimethylsil-
yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-4-amine
(800 mg, 1.667 mmol) in THF (16 mL) was injected a pre-cooled
solution of TFA/H.sub.2O (8 mL, v/v, 1/1) at 0.degree. C. over 5
minutes. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0.degree. C. for 1.5
hours. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC. The resulting
solution was co-evaporated with toluene (3.times.50 mL) below
25.degree. C. and the residue was re-dissolved in MeOH/DCM (20 mL,
v/v, 1/2) and the mixture was neutralized with solid NaHCO.sub.3.
The solid was filtered out and the filtrate was concentrated under
reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash silica
gel column chromatography using MeOH/DCM (2% to 10% MeOH in DCM) to
afford
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-3-((tert-butyld-
imethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol. LC-MS: (ES, m/z):
366.19 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm):
.delta. 8.70 (br s, 1H), 8.38 (br s, 1H), 8.19 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s,
1H), 5.24 (q, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 4.92 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.42 (d, J=4.8
Hz, 1H), 3.75 (dd, J=3.6 Hz, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.46-3.43 (m, 2H),
2.39-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.00-1.94 (m, 1H), 0.90 (s, 9H), 0.11 (s,
6H).
Step 12: Synthesis of
(2S,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-3-((tert-butyldi-
methylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
[0391] To a stirred suspension of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-3-((tert-butyld-
imethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol (350 mg, 0.958 mmol)
in anhydrous ACN (40 mL) under argon atmosphere was added IBX (804
mg, 2.87 mmol) at 25.degree. C. The resulting mixture was heated to
80.degree. C. and stirred for 1 hour. The solid was filtered out.
The filtrate was concentrated under reducing pressure to afford
(2S,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-3-((tert-butyldi-
methylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde, which was used for
the next reaction step directly without further purification.
LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 364.17 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 13: Synthesis of
((3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-3-((tert-butyldime-
thylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol
[0392] To a stirred solution of
(2S,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-3-((tert-butyldi-
methylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde (349 mg, 0.960 mmol)
in 1,4-dioxane (25 mL) in a 100 mL round-bottom flask, was injected
formaldehyde 37% aqueous solution (5 mL), followed by the injection
of NaOH aqueous solution (5 mL, 2 N) at room temperature over 5
minutes. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for
5 hours. Upon the started nucleoside was all consumed, the reaction
mixture was neutralized with AcOH (.about.0.5 mL). The mixture was
diluted with EtOAc (50 mL) and washed successively with H.sub.2O
(2.times.20 mL), aq NaHCO.sub.3 (saturated, 2.times.20 mL) and
brine (20 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4,
filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
The residue was re-dissolved in anhydrous EtOH (40 mL) and added
sodium tetrahydroborate (72.6 mg, 1.920 mmol) in portions at
0.degree. C. under argon atmosphere. After stirring at 25.degree.
C. for 16 hours, the reaction mixture was neutralized with AcOH
(0.2 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was
partitioned between CHCl.sub.3 (30 mL) and H.sub.2O (15 mL). The
aqueous layer was re-extracted with CHCl.sub.3 (2.times.15 mL). The
combined organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL), dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under
reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash silica gel
column chromatography using MeOH/DCM (3.5% MeOH in DCM) to give
((3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-3-((tert-butyldime-
thylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol. LC-MS: (ES,
m/z): 396.20 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO,
ppm): .delta. 8.70 (br s, 1H), 8.38 (br s, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 8.05
(s, 1H), 5.30 (dd, J=5.1 Hz, J=11.1 Hz, 1H), 4.84 (t, J=6.0 Hz,
1H), 4.50 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (dd, J=5.1 Hz, J=6.3 Hz, 1H),
3.62-3.48 (m, 3H), 3.41-3.31 (m, 1H), 2.57-2.50 (m, 1H), 1.95 (dd,
J=5.1 Hz, J=12.6 Hz, 1H), 0.90 (s, 9H), 0.11 (s, 6H).
Step 14: Synthesis of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-3-((tert-butyldi-
methylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
[0393] To a stirred suspension of
((3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-3-((tert-butyldime-
thylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-2,2-diyl)dimethanol (190 mg, 0.480
mmol) in ACN/DMSO (8 mL, v/v, 10/1) under argon atmosphere was
added IBX (404 mg, 1.441 mmol) at 25.degree. C. The resulting
mixture was stirred at 30.degree. C. for 7 hours. The solid was
filtered out. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure
to give
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-3-((tert-butyldi-
methylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
which was used for the next reaction step directly without further
purification. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 394.18 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 15: Synthesis of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-3-((tert-butyld-
imethylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol
[0394] To a stirred solution of
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-3-((tert-butyldi-
methylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
(189 mg, 0.480 mmol) in dry MeOH (6 mL) under argon atmosphere was
added K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (199 mg, 1.441 mmol) followed by the
injection of a solution of dimethyl
(1-diazo-2-oxopropyl)phosphonate (185 mg, 0.961 mmol) in MeOH (1.5
mL) at 0.degree. C. over 3 minutes. The reaction mixture was warmed
slowly to 25.degree. C. and then stirred at 25.degree. C. for 16
hours. The resulted mixture was concentrated under reduced
pressure. The residue was purified by flash silica gel column
chromatography using MeOH/DCM (2% to 10% MeOH in DCM) to afford
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-3-((tert-butyld-
imethylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol. LC-MS:
(ES, m/z): 390.19 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3,
ppm): .delta. 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 6.43 (br s, 2H), 5.54
(dd, J=5.7 Hz, J=10.5 Hz, 1H), 4.61 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 3.97 (d,
J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 2.70-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.54
(s, 1H), 2.20-2.14 (m, 1H), 0.95 (s, 9H), 0.12 (d, J=6.0 Hz,
6H).
Step 16:
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-2-ethyny-
l-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (23)
[0395] To a stirred solution of
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-3-((tert-butyld-
imethylsilyl)oxy)-2-ethynyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanol (120 mg,
0.308 mmol) in THF (5 mL) under argon atmosphere was injected TBAF
THF solution (0.462 mL, 0.462 mmol, 1.0 M) at 0.degree. C. over 2
minutes. The mixture was stirred at 20.degree. C. for 26 hours. The
resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The
residue was purified by flash silica gel column chromatography
using MeOH/DCM (5% to 10% MeOH in DCM) to give crude product. The
crude product (90 mg) was further purified by Prep-HPLC with the
following conditions (1#-Pre-HPLC-011 (Waters)): Column, X-bridge
C18 19.times.150 mm; mobile phase, water with NH.sub.4HCO.sub.3 (10
mmol/L) and ACN (4% ACN up to 9% in 6 min, hold 95% for 2 minutes,
down to 5% in 2 minutes); Detector, UV 254 & 220 nm. The
product-containing fractions were collected and lyophilized
overnight to give
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-8-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-
-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol. LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 276.10
[M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta.
8.71 (br s, 1H), 8.43 (br s, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 5.36
(t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 5.26-5.22 (m, 2H), 4.34 (dd, J=4.8 Hz, J=11.2
Hz, 1H), 3.58 (dd, J=5.2 Hz, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 3.49 (dd, J=7.6 Hz,
J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 3.37 (s, 1H), 2.44-2.37 (m, 1H), 2.16-2.12 (m,
1H).
RT Polymerase Assay
[0396] Full-length wild-type and 2 mutant RT proteins were
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells and purified.
Briefly, the heterodimeric nucleic acid substrate used in the HIV-1
RT polymerase reactions was generated by annealing biotinylated DNA
primer to a 500 nucleotide RNA template. The HIV-1 RT enzyme (final
concentration of 50 .mu.M) was combined with an inhibitor compound
or DMSO (10% DMSO in the final reaction mixture) in assay buffer
(62.5 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.8, 1.25 mM dithiothreitol, 7.5 mM MgCl2,
100 mM KCl, 0.03% CHAPS, 0.125 mM EGTA). This mixture was
pre-incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature in microtiter
plates. The polymerization reaction was initiated by the addition
of template/primer substrate (final concentration: 16.6 nM) and
dNTPs (final concentration: 2 .mu.M dCTP, dGTP, dATP, and 66.6 nM
Ru-dUTP). After 90 min of incubation at 37.degree. C., reactions
were quenched by the addition of EDTA (25 mM). The resulting
mixture was incubated for an additional 5 minutes at room
temperature followed by transferring the solution (50 .mu.L) to
blocked avidin plate from Meso Scale Discovery (MSD). The mixtures
were incubated at room temperature for 60 min prior to the
quantification of the reaction product via an ECL 6000 imager
instrument. The resulting data is shown in Table 2.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Example No. Structure dNTP IC.sub.50 (nM) 13
##STR00067## 933 14 ##STR00068## 210 15 ##STR00069## 6237 16
##STR00070## 1820 17 ##STR00071## 842 18 ##STR00072## 4150 19
##STR00073## 3542 20 ##STR00074## 1292 21 ##STR00075## 905
Viking Assay/CTG
Viking Assay:
[0397] Assessing Antiviral Potency in a Multiple Round HIV-1
Infection Assay.
[0398] HIV-1 replication was monitored using MT4-gag-GFP clone D3
(hereafter designate MT4-GFP), which are MT-4 cells modified to
harbor a GFP reporter gene, the expression of which is dependent on
the HIV-1 expressed proteins tat and rev. Productive infection of
an MT4-GFP cell with HIV-1 results in GFP expression approximately
24 h post-infection.
[0399] MT4-GFP cells were maintained at 37.degree. C./5%
CO.sub.2/90% relative humidity in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10%
fetal bovine serum, 100 U/mL penicillin/streptomycin, and 400
.mu.g/mL G418 to maintain the reporter gene. For infections,
MT4-GFP cells were placed in the same medium lacking G418 and
infected overnight with H9IIIB virus at an approximate multiplicity
of infection of 0.01 in the same incubation conditions. Cells were
then washed and re-suspended in either RPMI 1640 containing 10% or
50% normal human serum at 1.6.times.10.sup.5 cells/mL (10% or 50%
NHS conditions) or in 100% normal human serum at 2.times.10.sup.5
cells/mL (100% NHS conditions). Compound plates were prepared by
dispensing compounds dissolved in DMSO into wells of 384 well poly
D lysine-coated plates (0.2 .mu.l/well) using an ECHO acoustic
dispenser. Each compound was tested in a 10 point serial 3-fold
dilution (typical final concentrations: 8.4 .mu.M-0.43 nM).
Controls included no inhibitor (DMSO only) and a combination of
three antiviral agents (efavirenz, indinavir, and an integrase
strand transfer inhibitor at final concentrations of 4 .mu.M each).
Cells were added (50 .mu.L/well) to compound plates and the
infected cells were maintained at 37.degree. C./5% CO.sub.2/90%
relative humidity.
[0400] Infected cells were quantified at two time points, .about.48
h and .about.72 h post-infection, by counting the number of green
cells in each well using an Acumen eX3 scanner. The increase in the
number of green cells over .about.24 h period gives the
reproductive ratio, R.sub.0, which is typically 5-15 and has been
shown experimentally to be in logarithmic phase (data not shown).
Inhibition of R.sub.0 is calculated for each well, and IC.sub.50s
determined by non-linear 4-parameter curve fitting.
CTG Assay:
Assessing Cytotoxicity in CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability
Assay (CTG).
[0401] MT4-GFP cells were seeded in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10%
fetal bovine serum, 100 U/mL penicillin/streptomycin overnight at
37.degree. C./5% CO.sub.2/90% relative humidity. Cells were then
washed and resuspended in RPMI 1640 containing 10% normal human
serum at a density of 0.8.times.10.sup.5 cells/mL. Compound plates
were prepared by dispensing compounds dissolved in DMSO into wells
of 384 well solid black plates (Corning 3571) using an ECHO
acoustic dispenser (0.2 .mu.l/well). Each compound was tested in a
10 point serial 3-fold dilution (final concentrations: 8.4
.mu.M-0.43 nM). Controls included DMSO. Cells were added (50
.mu.L/well) to compound plates and were maintained at 37.degree.
C./5% CO.sub.2/90% relative humidity. CTG reagent (Promega, G7573)
was added to the cell plates after 48 h incubation according to the
manufacturer's description. Luminescence signals were recorded on
EnVision plate reader (PerkinElmer). LD.sub.50s were determined by
non-linear 4-parameter curve fitting. The resulting data is shown
in Table 3 with the marketed HIV nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitor AZT (azidothymidine, zidovudine) included as a
control.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 3 Viking, IC.sub.50 Structure (10% NHS)(nM)
CTG (.mu.M) AZT ##STR00076## 37 >8.4 Example Viking, IC.sub.50
No. Structure (10% NHS)(nM) CTG (.mu.M) 1 ##STR00077## 1.3 >8.4
2 ##STR00078## 1.6 >8.4 3 ##STR00079## 485 >8.4 4
##STR00080## 4.0 >8.4 5 ##STR00081## 209 >8.4 6 ##STR00082##
128 >8.4 7 ##STR00083## 1030 >8.4 8 ##STR00084## 194 >8.4
9 ##STR00085## 10.2 >8.4 10 ##STR00086## 128 >8.4 11
##STR00087## 17.2 >8.4 12 ##STR00088## 735 >8.4 22
##STR00089## 38 >8.4 23 ##STR00090## 64 >8.4
Antiviral Persistence
[0402] HIV-1 replication was monitored using MT4-gag-GFP clone D3
(hereafter designate MT4-GFP), which are MT-4 cells modified to
harbor a GFP reporter gene, the expression of which is dependent on
the HIV-1 expressed proteins tat and rev. Productive infection of
an MT4-GFP cell with HIV-1 results in GFP expression approximately
24 h post-infection. MT4-GFP cells were maintained at 37.degree.
C./5% CO.sub.2/90% relative humidity in RPMI 1640 supplemented with
10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/mL penicillin/streptomycin, and 400
.mu.g/mL G418 to maintain the reporter gene. For 72 hour time point
persistence assay (72 h plate) and 24 hour time point control assay
(24 h plate), MT4-GFP cells were washed and re-suspended in RPMI
1640 containing 10% normal human serum at either 1.6.times.10.sup.5
or 2.4.times.10.sup.5 cells/mL (10% NHS). Compound plates were
prepared by dispensing compounds dissolved in DMSO into wells of
384 well cell culture plates (0.205 l/well) using an ECHO acoustic
dispenser. Each compound was tested in a 10 point serial 3-fold
dilution (typical final concentrations: 4.2 .mu.M-0.21 nM).
Controls included no inhibitor (DMSO only) and a combination of
three antiviral agents (efavirenz, indinavir, and an integrase
strand transfer inhibitor at final concentrations of 4 .mu.M each).
Cells were added (50 .mu.L/well) to compound plates and were
incubated at 37.degree. C./5% CO.sub.2/90% relative humidity for 24
hours. The cells were washed with 5.times.40 uL of RPMI 1640
supplemented with 10% NHS and 100 U/mL penicillin/streptomycin. 72
h plate was return back to 37.degree. C. incubator for additional
48 hour incubation. 40 uL of the cells from each well of the 24 h
plate or the 72 h plate (after 48 hour incubation post wash) were
transferred to a poly-D-lysine coated plate. The cells were then
infected with H9IIIB virus at an approximate multiplicity of
infection of 0.1 in the same incubation conditions.
[0403] Infected cells were quantified at .about.24 h
post-infection, by counting the number of green cells in each well
using an Acumen eX3 scanner. IC.sub.50s for the compounds in Table
4 were determined by non-linear 4-parameter curve fitting.
[0404] The antiviral persistence assay is meant to assess for the
persistence of antiviral activity upon removal of the nucleoside.
The data in Table 4 demonstrates the antiviral persistence of
compounds of this invention in comparison to the marketed
nucleoside AZT. The publication AIDS Research and Therapy, 2009,
6:5, highlights the value of antiviral persistence.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 4 IC.sub.50 24 h IC.sub.50 72 h Fold shift
IC.sub.50 Structure (nM) (nM) 72 h/24 h AZT ##STR00091## 37 4713
127 EXAMPLE IC.sub.50 24 h IC.sub.50 72 h Fold shift IC.sub.50 No.
Structure (nM) (nM) 72 h/24 h 1 ##STR00092## 0.8 36 45 2
##STR00093## 6.6 193 29 3 ##STR00094## 470 2500 5.3 4 ##STR00095##
9.6 360 37.5 5 ##STR00096## 22000 >42000 >1.9 6 ##STR00097##
99 970 9.8 7 ##STR00098## 17000 17000 1 8 ##STR00099## 840 29000
34.5 9 ##STR00100## 37 270 7.3 10 ##STR00101## 170 1800 10.5 11
##STR00102## 12.4 1950 157 12 ##STR00103## 880 25000 28 22
##STR00104## 38 350 9.2 23 ##STR00105## 64 700 10.9
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) Half-Life
[0405] The data in Table 5 was generated by reacting a substrate
compound with human ADA type 1 in the presence of Tris-HCl buffer
(pH 7.5) at 40.degree. C. and monitoring by LCMS for consumption of
starting material. The time necessary for 50% conversion to the
corresponding inosine product is noted as the T.sub.1/2 in Table 5.
It is known that deamination by adenosine deaminase decreases the
therapeutic potential of adenosine-like nucleoside inhibitors
especially in vivo (see references below). The compounds shown in
Table 5 have been shown to have varying degrees of stability to
adenosine deaminase when compared to EDA
((2R,3S,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-ethynyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahyd-
rofuran-3-ol) and natural deoxyadenosine. It is possible that
compounds that are more resistant to ADA will have better
pharmacokinetic properties.
REFERENCES
[0406] Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1996, 39, 19, 3847; Chemical
Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 1994, 42, 8, 1688-1690; Antimicrobial
Agents and Chemotherapy (2013), 57(12), 6254-6264; Collection of
Czechoslovak Chemical Communications (2006), 71(6), 769-787
Microbiologica (1995), 18(4), 359-70; J Antivir Antiretrovir S10.
doi: 10.4172/jaa.S10-002.
Conversion of Compound 2 to Inosine Product 2A
7-((2R,4S,5R)-5-ethynyl-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-
-fluoro-3H-pyrrolo [2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(7H)-one (2A)
##STR00106##
[0408] Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5, 5 mL) was injected into a 25-mL
round-bottom flask. The mixture was heated to reflux for 30
minutes. Then the mixture was cooled to 30.degree. C. and
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-5-fluoro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-ethynyl-
-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (Example compound 2, 7 mg,
0.024 mmol) was added, followed by the addition of adenosine
deaminase (3 mg, .about.33 units). The resulting mixture was
stirred at 40.degree. C. and stirred for 4 days. The reaction
mixture was concentrated under vacuum and the residue was purified
by preparative-HPLC with the following conditions: Column: X-Bridge
C18, 19*150 mm, 5 um; mobile phase, water with 10 mmol ammonium
bicarbonate and acetonitrile (6% acetonitrile up to 30% in 5 min,
hold 95% for 2 min, down to 40% in 2 min); Detector, uv 254&220
nm. The product-containing fractions were collected and lyophilized
to give the title compound 2A as a solid. .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz,
d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 11.58 (brs, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.22 (d,
J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.44 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 1H), 5.47 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H),
5.26-5.22 (m, 1H), 4.39-4.35 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.42 (s,
1H), 2.41-2.24 (m, 2H). .sup.19F-NMR: (376 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm):
.delta. -165.50 (s, 1F). LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 294.15 [M+H].sup.+.
[0409] The general procedures described above for conversion of
compound 2 to 2A were applied to each of the substrate compounds in
Table 5, and resulted in production of the inosine products shown
for Deoxy-adenosine and EDA, as well as inosine products 1A, 2A,
11A, 22A, and 23A.
[0410] Using the described procedures, conversion of compounds 4, 8
and 9 to 4A, 8A and 9A, respectively, was not detected
(NA=substrate insensitive to adenosine deaminase).
Compound 1A:
7-((2R,4S,5R)-5-ethynyl-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)--
3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(7H)-one
[0411] .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, CD.sub.3OD, ppm): .delta. 8.31 (s,
1H), 7.37 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.62 (t, J=6.4
Hz, 1H), 4.69 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (dd, J=12.0 Hz, J=30.0 Hz,
2H), 3.09 (s, 1H), 2.67-2.54 (m, 2H). LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 276.00
[M+H].sup.+.
Compound 11A:
7-((2R,4S,5R)-5-ethynyl-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)p-
yrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(3H)-one
[0412] .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 10.25
(brs, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 6.63 (d, J=4.2 Hz,
1H), 5.53 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.31-5.25 (m, 1H), 5.09-5.05 (m, 1H),
4.31-4.27 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.33 (s, 1H), 2.35-2.18 (m,
2H). LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 298.00 [M+Na].sup.+.
Compound 22A:
7-((2R,4S,5R)-5-ethynyl-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)i-
midazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(3H)-one
[0413] .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 8.12 (s,
1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 5.45 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 5.35 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H),
5.06 (brs, 1H), 4.33 (brs, 1H), 3.56-3.46 (m, 2H), 3.32 (s, 1H),
2.42-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.22 (m, 1H). LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 277.10
[M+H].sup.+.
Compound 23A:
8-((2R,4S,5R)-5-ethynyl-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)p-
yrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-4(3H)-one
[0414] .sup.1H-NMR: (400 MHz, d.sub.6-DMSO, ppm): .delta. 8.08 (s,
1H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 5.30 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 5.25 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H),
5.24-5.11 (m, 1H), 4.32 (q, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.53 (dd, J=11.6 Hz,
J.sub.2=32.0 Hz, 2H), 3.36 (s, 1H), 2.36-2.29 (m, 1H), 2.16-2.10
(m, 1H). LC-MS: (ES, m/z): 274.80 [M-H].sup.-.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 5 Structure (Substrate) Inosine Product
T.sub.1/2 Deoxy- adenosine ##STR00107## ##STR00108## <10 min EDA
##STR00109## ##STR00110## <60 min Example Inosine No. Structure
(Substrate) No. Inosine Product T.sub.1/2 1 ##STR00111## 1A
##STR00112## 12 days 2 ##STR00113## 2A ##STR00114## 16 h 4
##STR00115## 4A ##STR00116## NA 8 ##STR00117## 8A ##STR00118## NA 9
##STR00119## 9A ##STR00120## NA 11 ##STR00121## 11A ##STR00122## 3
h 22 ##STR00123## 22A ##STR00124## 10 min 23 ##STR00125## 23A
##STR00126## 10 min
[0415] While the foregoing specification teaches the principles of
the present invention, with examples provided for the purpose of
illustration, the practice of the invention encompasses all of the
usual variations, adaptations and/or modifications that come within
the scope of the following claims. Recitation or depiction of a
specific compound in the claims (i.e., a species) without a
specific stereoconfiguration designation, or with such a
designation for less than all chiral centers, is intended to
encompass the racemate, racemic mixtures, each individual
enantiomer, a diastereoisomeric mixture and each individual
diastereomer of the compound where such forms are possible due to
the presence of one or more asymmetric centers. All publications,
patents and patent applications cited herein are incorporated by
reference in their entirety into the disclosure.
* * * * *