U.S. patent application number 15/613379 was filed with the patent office on 2017-12-28 for triazolopyridines and triazolopyrazines as lsd1 inhibitors.
The applicant listed for this patent is Incyte Corporation. Invention is credited to Xiaozhao Wang, Liangxing Wu, Wenqing Yao, Colin Zhang.
Application Number | 20170369488 15/613379 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 53682875 |
Filed Date | 2017-12-28 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20170369488 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Wu; Liangxing ; et
al. |
December 28, 2017 |
TRIAZOLOPYRIDINES AND TRIAZOLOPYRAZINES AS LSD1 INHIBITORS
Abstract
The present invention is directed to
[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine and [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine
derivatives of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, which are LSD1 inhibitors useful in the treatment of
diseases such as cancer. ##STR00001##
Inventors: |
Wu; Liangxing; (Wilmington,
DE) ; Wang; Xiaozhao; (Mt. Laurel, NJ) ; Yao;
Wenqing; (Chadds Ford, PA) ; Zhang; Colin;
(Ambler, PA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Incyte Corporation |
Wilmington |
DE |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
53682875 |
Appl. No.: |
15/613379 |
Filed: |
June 5, 2017 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
14795499 |
Jul 9, 2015 |
9695167 |
|
|
15613379 |
|
|
|
|
62022929 |
Jul 10, 2014 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07D 471/04 20130101;
A61P 35/00 20180101; C07D 487/04 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C07D 471/04 20060101
C07D471/04; C07D 487/04 20060101 C07D487/04 |
Claims
1-45. (canceled)
46. A method of treating a cancer comprising administering to a
patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula
I: ##STR00039## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein: X is N or CR.sup.X; Ring A is C.sub.6-10 aryl or 5-10
membered heteroaryl comprising carbon and 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms
selected from N, O, and S, wherein said C.sub.6-10 aryl and 5-10
membered heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, or
4 substituents independently selected from R.sup.A; Ring B is
C.sub.6-10 aryl; 5-10 membered heteroaryl comprising carbon and 1,
2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S; C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl; or 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl comprising carbon and
1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S; wherein said
C.sub.6-10 aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl,
and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl are each optionally substituted
by 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents independently selected from R.sup.B;
R.sup.1 is halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6
alkynyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, Cy.sup.1, CN, OR.sup.a1, SR.sup.a1,
C(O)R.sup.b1, C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, C(O)OR.sup.a1, OC(O)R.sup.b1,
OC(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1C(O)R.sup.b1,
NR.sup.c1C(O)OR.sup.a1, NR.sup.c1C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)R.sup.b1, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
NR.sup.c1C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1S(O)R.sup.b1,
NR.sup.c1S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, NR.sup.c1S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
S(O)R.sup.b1, S(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, or
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1; wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each optionally
substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected
from Cy.sup.1, halo, CN, OR.sup.a1, SR.sup.a1, C(O)R.sup.b1,
C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, C(O)OR.sup.a1, OC(O)R.sup.b1,
OC(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1C(O)R.sup.b1,
NR.sup.c1C(O)OR.sup.a1, NR.sup.c1C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)R.sup.b1, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
NR.sup.c1C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1S(O)R.sup.b1,
NR.sup.c1S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, NR.sup.c1S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
S(O)R.sup.b1, S(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1; wherein when X is CR.sup.X, then
R.sup.1 is not CN; R.sup.2 is H, halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, Cy.sup.2, CN,
OR.sup.a2, SR.sup.a2, C(O)R.sup.b2, C(O)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2,
C(O)OR.sup.a2, OC(O)R.sup.b2, OC(O)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2,
NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, NR.sup.c2C(O)R.sup.b2, NR.sup.c2C(O)OR.sup.a2,
NR.sup.c2C(O)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e2)R.sup.b2,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e2)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2,
NR.sup.c2C(.dbd.NR.sup.e2)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, NR.sup.c2S(O)R.sup.b2,
NR.sup.c2S(O).sub.2R.sup.b2, NR.sup.c2S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2,
S(O)R.sup.b2, S(O)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b2, or
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2; wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each optionally
substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected
from Cy.sup.2, halo, CN, OR.sup.a2, SR.sup.a2, C(O)R.sup.b2,
C(O)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, C(O)OR.sup.a2, OC(O)R.sup.b2,
OC(O)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, NR.sup.c2C(O)R.sup.b2,
NR.sup.c2C(O)OR.sup.a2, NR.sup.c2C(O)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e2)R.sup.b2, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e2)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2,
NR.sup.c2C(.dbd.NR.sup.c2)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, NR.sup.c2S(O)R.sup.b2,
NR.sup.c2S(O).sub.2R.sup.b2, NR.sup.c2S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2,
S(O)R.sup.b2, S(O)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b2, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2; each R.sup.A is independently selected
from halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a4, SR.sup.a4,
C(O)R.sup.b4, C(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, C(O)OR.sup.a4, OC(O)R.sup.b4,
OC(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, NR.sup.c4C(O)R.sup.b4,
NR.sup.c4C(O)OR.sup.a4, NR.sup.c4C(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e4)R.sup.b4, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e4)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4,
NR.sup.c4C(.dbd.NR.sup.e4)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, NR.sup.c4S(O)R.sup.b4,
NR.sup.c4S(O).sub.2R.sup.b4, NR.sup.c4S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4,
S(O)R.sup.b4, S(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b4, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each optionally
substituted by 1, 2, or 3, substituents independently selected from
halo, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a4, SR.sup.a4,
C(O)R.sup.b4, C(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, C(O)OR.sup.a4, OC(O)R.sup.b4,
OC(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, NR.sup.c4C(O)R.sup.b4,
NR.sup.c4C(O)OR.sup.a4, NR.sup.c4C(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e4)R.sup.b4, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e4)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4,
NR.sup.c4C(.dbd.NR.sup.e4)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, NR.sup.c4S(O)R.sup.b4,
NR.sup.c4S(O).sub.2R.sup.b4, NR.sup.c4S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4,
S(O)R.sup.b4, S(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b4, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4; each R.sup.B is independently selected
from Cy.sup.3, halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6
alkynyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a5, SR.sup.a5,
C(O)R.sup.b5, C(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, C(O)OR.sup.a5, OC(O)R.sup.b5,
OC(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, NR.sup.c5C(O)R.sup.b5,
NR.sup.c5C(O)OR.sup.a5, NR.sup.c5C(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e5)R.sup.b5, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e5)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5,
NR.sup.c5C(.dbd.NR.sup.e5)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, NR.sup.c5S(O)R.sup.b5,
NR.sup.c5S(O).sub.2R.sup.b5, NR.sup.c5S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5,
S(O)R.sup.b5, S(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b5, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each optionally
substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from
Cy.sup.3, halo, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a5,
SR.sup.a5, C(O)R.sup.b5, C(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, C(O)OR.sup.a5,
OC(O)R.sup.b5, OC(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5,
NR.sup.c5C(O)R.sup.b5, NR.sup.c5C(O)OR.sup.a5,
NR.sup.c5C(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e5)R.sup.b5,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e5)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5,
NR.sup.c5C(.dbd.NR.sup.e5)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, NR.sup.c5S(O)R.sup.b5,
NR.sup.c5S(O).sub.2R.sup.b5, NR.sup.c5S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5,
S(O)R.sup.b5, S(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b5, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5; R.sup.X is independently selected from
H, halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7, NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)R.sup.b7, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7S(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sup.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
S(O)R.sup.b7, S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; each Cy.sup.1, Cy.sup.2, Cy.sup.3, and
Cy.sup.4 is independently selected from C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, and 4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1,
2, 3, or 4 substituents independently selected from R.sup.Cy; each
R.sup.Cy is independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, phenyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 5-6 membered
heteroaryl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-6 membered
heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a6,
SR.sup.a6, C(O)R.sup.b6, C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, C(O)OR.sup.a6,
OC(O)R.sup.b6, OC(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
(.dbd.NR.sup.e6)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
NR.sup.c6C(.dbd.NR.sup.e6)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
NR.sup.c6C(O)R.sup.b6, NR.sup.c6C(O)OR.sup.a6,
NR.sup.c6C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6S(O)R.sup.b6,
NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
S(O)R.sup.b6, S(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, wherein said C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, phenyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
5-6 membered heteroaryl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,
phenyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
(5-6 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are each optionally substituted
by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-4
alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo, CN,
NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a6, SR.sup.a6, C(O)R.sup.b6,
C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, C(O)OR.sup.a6, OC(O)R.sup.b6,
OC(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e6)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
NR.sup.c6C(.dbd.NR.sup.e6)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
NR.sup.c6C(O)R.sup.b6, NR.sup.c6C(O)OR.sup.a6,
NR.sup.c6C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6S(O)R.sup.b6,
NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
S(O)R.sup.b6, S(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6; each R.sup.a1 is independently
selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6
alkynyl, and Cy.sup.4; wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each optionally substituted with
1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from Cy.sup.4, halo,
CN, OR.sup.a3, SR.sup.a3, C(O)R.sup.b3, C(O)NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3,
C(O)OR.sup.a3, OC(O)R.sup.b3, OC(O)NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3,
NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, NR.sup.c3C(O)R.sup.b3, NR.sup.c3C(O)OR.sup.a3,
NR.sup.c3C(O)NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, (.dbd.NR.sup.e3)R.sup.b3,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e3)NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3,
NR.sup.c3C(.dbd.NR.sup.e3)NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, NR.sup.c3S(O)R.sup.b3,
NR.sup.c3S(O).sub.2R.sup.b3, NR.sup.c3S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3,
S(O)R.sup.b3, S(O)NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b3, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3; each R.sup.b1, R.sup.c1, and R.sup.d1
is independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4
alkyl-, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl,
4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered
heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are each optionally substituted
with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo,
CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; or any R.sup.c1 and R.sup.d1
together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-,
6-, or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted
with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,
C.sub.6-10 aryl, 5-6 membered heteroaryl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl,
halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10
aryl, and 5-6 membered heteroaryl are each optionally substituted
by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from halo,
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN,
OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; each R.sup.a2, R.sup.b2, R.sup.c2,
and R.sup.d2 is independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl,
4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered
heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4
alkyl-, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are
each optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents
independently selected from C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl,
C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; or any R.sup.c2 and R.sup.d2
together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-,
6-, or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted
with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl,
5-6 membered heteroaryl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7,
SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7,
OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, and
5-6 membered heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by 1, 2, or
3 substituents independently selected from halo, C
.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN,
OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; each R.sup.a3, R.sup.b3, R.sup.c3,
and R.sup.d3 is independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl,
4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered
heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4
alkyl-, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are
each optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents
independently selected from C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl,
C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; or any R.sup.c3 and R.sup.d3
together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-,
6-, or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted
with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl,
5-6 membered heteroaryl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7,
SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7,
OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sup.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, and
5-6 membered heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by 1, 2, or
3 substituents independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN, OR.sup.a7,
SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7,
OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; each R.sup.a4, R.sup.b4, R.sup.c4,
and R.sup.d4 is independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6
alkynyl are each optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5
substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7,
C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; or any R.sup.c4 and R.sup.d4
together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-,
6-, or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted
with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7,
C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; each R.sup.a5, R.sup.b5, R.sup.c5,
and R.sup.a5 is independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl,
4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered
heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4
alkyl-, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are
each optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents
independently selected from C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl,
C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; or any R.sup.c5 and R.sup.d5
together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-,
6-, or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted
with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,
C.sub.6-10 aryl, 5-6 membered heteroaryl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl,
halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10
aryl, and 5-6 membered heteroaryl are each optionally substituted
by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from halo,
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN,
OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; each R.sup.a6, R.sup.b6, R.sup.c6,
and R.sup.d6 is independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6
alkynyl are each optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5
substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7,
C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; or any R.sup.c6 and R.sup.d6
together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-,
6-, or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted
with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7,
C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; each R.sup.a7, R.sup.b7, R.sup.c7,
and R.sup.d7 is independently selected from H, C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-4 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-4 alkynyl,
wherein said C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.2-4 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-4
alkynyl are each optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from OH, CN, amino, halo,
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, C.sub.1-4 alkylthio, C.sub.1-4
alkylamino, di(C.sub.1-4 alkyl)amino, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, and
C.sub.1-4 haloalkoxy; and each R.sup.c1, R.sup.c2, R.sup.c3,
R.sup.c4, R.sup.c5, R.sup.c6, and R.sup.c7 is independently
selected from H, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, and CN.
47. The method of claim 46, wherein said cancer is a hematological
cancer.
48. The method of claim 47, wherein said hematological cancer is
selected from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myelogenous
leukemia (AML), acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), chronic
lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML),
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), mantle cell lymphoma,
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (including relapsed or refractory NHL and
recurrent follicular), Hodgkin lymphoma, primary myelofibrosis
(PMF), polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET)),
myelodysplasia syndrome (MDS), and multiple myeloma.
49. The method of claim 46, wherein said cancer is a sarcoma, lung
cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, genitourinary tract cancer, liver
cancer, bone cancer, nervous system cancer, gynecological cancer,
or skin cancer.
50. A method of treating a disease comprising administering to a
patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim
46, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said
disease is a viral disease or a beta-globinopathy.
51. The method of claim 46, wherein: X is N or CR.sup.X; Ring A is
phenyl or 5-10 membered heteroaryl comprising carbon and 1, 2, 3,
or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, wherein said C.sub.6-10
aryl and 5-10 membered heteroaryl are each optionally substituted
by 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents independently selected from R.sup.A;
Ring B is phenyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl comprising carbon and
1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S; wherein said
phenyl and 5-6 membered heteroaryl are each optionally substituted
by 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents independently selected from R.sup.B;
R.sup.1 is halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6
alkynyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, Cy.sup.1, CN, OR.sup.a1, SR.sup.a1,
C(O)R.sup.b1, C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, C(O)OR.sup.a1, OC(O)R.sup.b1,
OC(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1C(O)R.sup.b1,
NR.sup.c1C(O)OR.sup.a1, NR.sup.c1C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)R.sup.b1, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
NR.sup.c1C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1S(O)R.sup.b1,
NR.sup.c1S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, NR.sup.c1S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
S(O)R.sup.b1, S(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, or
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1; wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each optionally
substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected
from Cy.sup.1, halo, CN, OR.sup.a1, SR.sup.a1, C(O)R.sup.b1,
C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, C(O)OR.sup.a1, OC(O)R.sup.b1,
OC(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1C(O)R.sup.b1,
NR.sup.c1C(O)OR.sup.a1, NR.sup.c1C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)R.sup.b1, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
NR.sup.c1C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1S(O)R.sup.b1,
NR.sup.c1S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, NR.sup.c1S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
S(O)R.sup.b1, S(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1; wherein when X is CR.sup.X, then
R.sup.1 is not CN; R.sup.2 is H, halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, CN,
OR.sup.a2, C(O)R.sup.b2, C(O)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2,
NR.sup.c2C(O)R.sup.b2, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b2, or
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2; wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl is
optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently
selected from halo, CN, OR.sup.a2, C(O)R.sup.b2,
C(O)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, NR.sup.c2C(O)R.sup.b2,
S(O).sub.2R.sup.b2, and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2; each R.sup.A
is independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6
haloalkyl, CN, OR.sup.a4, C(O)R.sup.b4, C(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4,
C(O)OR.sup.a4, NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, NR.sup.c4C(O)R.sup.b4,
S(O).sub.2R.sup.b4, and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, wherein said
C.sub.1-6 alkyl is optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3,
substituents independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, OR.sup.a4, C(O)R.sup.b4,
C(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, C(O)OR.sup.a4, NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4,
NR.sup.c4C(O)R.sup.b4, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b4, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4; each R.sup.B is independently selected
from Cy.sup.3, halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6
alkynyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a5,
C(O)R.sup.b5, C(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, C(O)OR.sup.a5,
NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, NR.sup.c5C(O)R.sup.b5, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b5, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each optionally
substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from
Cy.sup.3, halo, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a5,
C(O)R.sup.b5, C(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, C(O)OR.sup.a5,
NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, NR.sup.c5C(O)R.sup.b5, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b5, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5; R.sup.X is independently selected from
H, halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, OR.sup.a7,
C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; each Cy.sup.1, Cy.sup.3, and Cy.sup.4
is independently selected from C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, and 4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1,
2, 3, or 4 substituents independently selected from R.sup.Cy; each
R.sup.Cy is independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, phenyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 5-6 membered
heteroaryl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-6 membered
heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a6,
SR.sup.a6, C(O)R.sup.b6, C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, C(O)OR.sup.a6,
OC(O)R.sup.b6, OC(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e6)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
NR.sup.c6C(.dbd.NR.sup.e6)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
NR.sup.c6C(O)R.sup.b6, NR.sup.c6C(O)OR.sup.a6,
NR.sup.c6C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6S(O)R.sup.b6,
NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
S(O)R.sup.b6, S(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, wherein said C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, phenyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
5-6 membered heteroaryl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,
phenyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl-C1-4 alkyl-, (5-6
membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are each optionally substituted
by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-4
alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo, CN,
NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a6, SR.sup.a6, C(O)R.sup.b6,
C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, C(O)OR.sup.a6, OC(O)R.sup.b6,
OC(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e6)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
NR.sup.c6C(.dbd.NR.sup.e6)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
NR.sup.c6C(O)R.sup.b6, NR.sup.c6C(O)OR.sup.a6,
NR.sup.c6C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6S(O)R.sup.b6,
NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
S(O)R.sup.b6, S(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6; each R.sup.a1 is independently
selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, and Cy.sup.4; wherein said
C.sub.1-6 alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from Cy.sup.4, halo, CN,
OR.sup.a3, C(O)R.sup.b3, C(O)NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, C(O)OR.sup.a3,
NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, NR.sup.c3C(O)R.sup.b3, S(O).sup.2R.sup.b3, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3; each R.sup.b1, R.sup.c1, and R.sup.d1
is independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4
alkyl-, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl,
4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered
heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are each optionally substituted
with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo,
CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; or any R.sup.c1 and R.sup.d1
together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-,
6-, or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted
with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,
C.sub.6-10 aryl, 5-6 membered heteroaryl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl,
halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10
aryl, and 5-6 membered heteroaryl are each optionally substituted
by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from halo,
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN,
OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.a7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; each R.sup.a2, R.sup.b2, R.sup.c2,
and R.sup.d2 is independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl,
4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered
heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4
alkyl-, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are
each optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents
independently selected from C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl,
C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; or any R.sup.c2 and R.sup.d2
together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-,
6-, or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted
with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl,
5-6 membered heteroaryl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7,
SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7,
OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7, C(.dbd.NR.sup.c7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.c7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, and
5-6 membered heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by 1, 2, or
3 substituents independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN, OR.sup.a7,
SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7,
OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; each R.sup.a3, R.sup.b3, R.sup.c3,
and R.sup.d3 is independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl,
4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered
heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4
alkyl-, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are
each optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents
independently selected from C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl,
C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; or any R.sup.c3 and R.sup.d3
together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-,
6-, or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted
with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl,
5-6 membered heteroaryl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7,
SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7,
OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7, C(.dbd.NR.sup.c7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.c7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, and
5-6 membered heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by 1, 2, or
3 substituents independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN, OR.sup.a7,
SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7,
OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.c7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O)
.sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; each R.sup.a4, R.sup.b4, R.sup.c4, and
R.sup.d4 is independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6
alkynyl are each optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5
substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7,
C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; or any R.sup.c4 and R.sup.d4
together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-,
6-, or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted
with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7,
C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; each R.sup.a5, R.sup.b5, R.sup.c5,
and R.sup.d5 is independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl,
4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered
heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4
alkyl-, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are
each optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents
independently selected from C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl,
C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; or any R.sup.c5 and R.sup.d5
together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-,
6-, or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted
with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,
C.sub.6-10 aryl, 5-6 membered heteroaryl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl,
halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10
aryl, and 5-6 membered heteroaryl are each optionally substituted
by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from halo,
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN,
OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; each R.sup.a6, R.sup.b6, R.sup.c6,
and R.sup.d6 is independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6
alkynyl are each optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5
substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7,
C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; or any R.sup.c6 and R.sup.d6
together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-,
6-, or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted
with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7,
C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; each R.sup.a7, R.sup.b7, R.sup.c7,
and R.sup.d7 is independently selected from H, C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-4 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-4 alkynyl,
wherein said C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.2-4 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-4
alkynyl are each optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from OH, CN, amino, halo,
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, C.sub.1-4 alkylthio, C.sub.1-4
alkylamino, di(C.sub.1-4 alkyl)amino, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, and
C.sub.1-4 haloalkoxy; and each R.sup.e1, R.sup.e6, and R.sup.e7 is
independently selected from H, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, and CN.
52. The method of claim 46, wherein: X is N or CR.sup.X; Ring A is
phenyl optionally substituted by 1 or 2 substituents independently
selected from R.sup.A; Ring B is phenyl optionally substituted by 1
or 2 substituents independently selected from R.sup.B; R.sup.1 is
halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, Cy.sup.1, OR.sup.a1, C(O)R.sup.b1,
C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, C(O)OR.sup.a1, NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
NR.sup.c1C(O)R.sup.b1, NR.sup.c1C(O)OR.sup.a1, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1,
or S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1; wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each optionally
substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected
from Cy.sup.1, halo, CN, OR.sup.a1, C(O)R.sup.b1,
C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, C(O)OR.sup.a1, NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
NR.sup.c1C(O)R.sup.b1, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1; R.sup.2 is H; each R.sup.A is
independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6
haloalkyl, CN, and OR.sup.a4, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl is
optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3, substituents independently
selected from CN and OR.sup.a4; each R.sup.B is independently
selected from halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6
alkynyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, and OR.sup.a5; R.sup.X is H; each
Cy.sup.1 and Cy.sup.4 is independently selected from phenyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 5-6 membered heteroaryl, and 4-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1,
2, 3, or 4 substituents independently selected from R.sup.Cy; each
R.sup.Cy is independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a6, SR.sup.a6,
C(O)R.sup.b6, C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, C(O)OR.sup.a6, OC(O)R.sup.b6,
OC(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6C(O)R.sup.b6,
NR.sup.c6C(O)OR.sup.a6, NR.sup.c6C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
NR.sup.c6S(O)R.sup.b6, NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6,
NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, S(O)R.sup.b6,
S(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, wherein said C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, are each optionally
substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo,
CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a6, SR.sup.a6, C(O)R.sup.b6,
C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, C(O)OR.sup.a6, OC(O)R.sup.b6,
OC(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6C(O)R.sup.b6,
NR.sup.c6C(O)OR.sup.a6, NR.sup.c6C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
NR.sup.c6S(O)R.sup.b6, NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6,
NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, S(O)R.sup.b6,
S(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6; each R.sup.a1 is independently
selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, and 4-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl; wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl is optionally
substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected
from Cy.sup.4, halo, CN, OR.sup.a3, C(O)R.sup.b3,
C(O)NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, C(O)OR.sup.a3, NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3,
NR.sup.c3C(O)R.sup.b3, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b3, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, and wherein said 4-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a6,
C(O)R.sup.b6, C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, C(O)OR.sup.a6,
NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6C(O)R.sup.b6, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6; each R.sup.b1, R.sup.c1, and R.sup.d1
is independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, phenyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, 5-6 membered heteroaryl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,
phenyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
(5-6 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, phenyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
5-6 membered heteroaryl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,
phenyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
(5-6 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are each optionally substituted
with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo,
CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
S(O)R.sup.b7, S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sup.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; or any R.sup.c1 and R.sup.d1
together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-,
6-, or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted
with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,
C.sub.6-10 aryl, 5-6 membered heteroaryl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl,
halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
S(O)R.sup.b7, S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10
aryl, and 5-6 membered heteroaryl are each optionally substituted
by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from halo,
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN,
OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
S(O)R.sup.b7, S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7; each R.sup.a3, R.sup.b3, R.sup.c3,
and R.sup.d3 is independently selected from H and C.sub.1-6 alkyl;
each R.sup.a4 is independently selected from H and C.sub.1-6 alkyl;
each R.sup.a5 is independently selected from H and C.sub.1-6 alkyl;
each R.sup.a6, R.sup.b6, R.sup.c6, and R.sup.d6 is independently
selected from H and C.sub.1-6 alkyl; and each R.sup.a7, R.sup.b7,
R.sup.c7, and R.sup.d7 is independently selected from H and
C.sub.1-4 alkyl.
53. The method of claim 46, wherein X is N.
54. The method of claim 46, wherein X is CR.sup.X.
55. The method of claim 46, wherein Ring A is phenyl or 5-10
membered heteroaryl comprising carbon and 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms
selected from N, O, and S, wherein said phenyl and 5-10 membered
heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, or 4
substituents independently selected from R.sup.A.
56. The method of claim 46, wherein Ring A is phenyl optionally
substituted by 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from
R.sup.A.
57. The method of claim 46, wherein Ring A is phenyl substituted by
one R.sup.A.
58. The method of claim 46, wherein Ring A is phenyl substituted by
CN.
59. The method of claim 46, wherein Ring B is phenyl or 5-6
membered heteroaryl comprising carbon and 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms
selected from N, O, and S; wherein said phenyl and 5-6 membered
heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, or 4
substituents independently selected from R.sup.B.
60. The method of claim 46, wherein Ring B is phenyl optionally
substituted by 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from
R.sup.B.
61. The method of claim 46, wherein Ring B is phenyl substituted by
one R.sup.B.
62. The method of claim 46, wherein Ring B is phenyl substituted by
CH.sub.3.
63. The method of claim 46, wherein R.sup.1 is halo, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl,
Cy.sup.1, OR.sup.a1, C(O)R.sup.b1, C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
C(O)OR.sup.a1, NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1C(O)R.sup.b1,
NR.sup.c1C(O)OR.sup.a1, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, or
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1; wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each optionally
substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected
from Cy.sup.1, halo, CN, OR.sup.a1, C(O)R.sup.b1,
C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, C(O)OR.sup.a1, NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
NR.sup.c1C(O)R.sup.b1, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1.
64. The method of claim 46, wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
Cy.sup.1, or OR.sup.a1, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl is substituted
by one Cy.sup.1.
65. The method of claim 46, wherein R.sup.1 is
pyrrolidin-3-ylmethoxy, 2-pyrrolidin-3-ylethyl,
(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)ethyl, 3-[(methylamino)methyl]phenyl,
3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl, piperazin-1-ylmethyl,
4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl, 3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl,
3-(methylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl, or
(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methoxy.
66. The method of claim 46, wherein R.sup.2 is H.
67. The method of claim 46, wherein each R.sup.A is independently
selected from halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN,
OR.sup.a4, C(O)R.sup.b4, C(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, C(O)OR.sup.a4,
NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, NR.sup.c4C(O)R.sup.b4, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b4, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl is
optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3, substituents independently
selected from halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN,
OR.sup.a4, C(O)R.sup.b4, C(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, C(O)OR.sup.a4,
NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, NR.sup.c4C(O)R.sup.b4, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b4, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4.
68. The method of claim 46, wherein each R.sup.A is independently
selected from halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, and
OR.sup.a4, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl is optionally substituted
by 1, 2, or 3, substituents independently selected from CN and
OR.sup.a4.
69. The method of claim 46, wherein R.sup.A is CN.
70. The method of claim 46, wherein each R.sup.B is independently
selected from Cy.sup.3, halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a5,
C(O)R.sup.b5, C(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, C(O)OR.sup.a5,
NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, NR.sup.c5C(O)R.sup.b5, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b5, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each optionally
substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from
Cy.sup.3, halo, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a5,
C(O)R.sup.b5, C(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, C(O)OR.sup.a5,
NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, NR.sup.c5C(O)R.sup.b5, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b5, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5.
71. The method of claim 46, wherein each R.sup.B is independently
selected from halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6
alkynyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, and OR.sup.a5.
72. The method of claim 46, wherein R.sup.B is C.sub.1-6 alkyl.
73. The method of claim 46, wherein R.sup.B is CH.sub.3.
74. The method of claim 46, wherein R.sup.X is H.
75. The method of claim 46, wherein each Cy.sup.1 is independently
selected from phenyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 5-6 membered
heteroaryl, and 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, each of which is
optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents
independently selected from R.sup.Cy.
76. The method of claim 46, wherein each Cy.sup.1 is phenyl or 4-7
membered heterocycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with 1 or 2
substituents independently selected from R.sup.Cy.
77. The method of claim 46, wherein each Cy.sup.1 is phenyl,
pyrrolidinyl, or piperazinyl, each optionally substituted with 1 or
2 substituents independently selected from R.sup.Cy.
78. The method of claim 46, wherein each Cy.sup.1 is phenyl,
pyrrolidinyl, or piperazinyl, each optionally substituted with 1 or
2 substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-4 alkyl and
NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, wherein said C.sub.1-4 alkyl is optionally
substituted with NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6.
79. The method of claim 46, wherein R.sup.Cy is C.sub.1-4 alkyl and
NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, wherein said C.sub.1-4 alkyl is optionally
substituted with NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6.
80. The method of claim 46, wherein each R.sup.a1 is independently
selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, and Cy.sup.4; wherein said
C.sub.1-6 alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from Cy.sup.4, halo, CN,
OR.sup.a3, C(O)R.sup.b3, C(O)NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, C(O)OR.sup.a3,
NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, NR.sup.c3C(O)R.sup.b3, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b3, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3.
81. The method of claim 46, wherein each R.sup.a1 is independently
selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, and 4-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl; wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl is optionally
substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected
from Cy.sup.4, halo, CN, OR.sup.a3, C(O)R.sup.b3,
C(O)NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, C(O)OR.sup.a3, NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3,
NR.sup.c3C(O)R.sup.b3, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b3, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, and wherein said 4-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a6,
C(O)R.sup.b6, C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, C(O)OR.sup.a6,
NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6C(O)R.sup.b6, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6.
82. The method of claim 46, wherein each R.sup.a1 is C.sub.1-4
alkyl substituted by 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein said
4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2
substituents independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a6,
C(O)R.sup.b6, C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, C(O)OR.sup.a6,
NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6C(O)R.sup.b6, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6.
83. The method of claim 46, wherein each R.sup.a1 is
pyrrolidinylmethyl optionally substituted by one C.sub.1-4
alkyl.
84. The method of claim 46, wherein the compound is a compound
having Formula IIa: ##STR00040## or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof.
85. The method of claim 46, wherein the compound is a compound
having Formula IIb: ##STR00041## or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof.
86. The method of claim 46, wherein the compound is a compound
having Formula IIIa: ##STR00042## or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof.
87. The method of claim 46, wherein the compound is a compound
having Formula IIIb: ##STR00043## or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof.
88. The method of claim 46, wherein the compound is selected from:
4-{5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-[(3R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethoxy][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5--
a]pyridin-6-yl}benzonitrile;
4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-(2-pyrrolidin-3-ylethyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyr-
idin-6-yl]benzonitrile;
4-{5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)ethyl][1,2,4]triazolo-
[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl}benzonitrile;
4-[8-{3-[(methylamino)methyl]phenyl}-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,-
5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonitrile;
4-[8-{3-[(3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,4]-
triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonitrile;
4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-
in-6-yl]benzonitrile;
4-{5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl][1,2,4]triazolo[1-
,5-a]pyridin-6-yl}benzonitrile;
4-[8-{[(3S)-3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl}-5-(4-methylphenyl)-[-
1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonitrile;
4-[8-{[(3R)-3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl}-5-(4-methylphenyl)-[-
1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonitrile;
4-[8-{[(3S)-3-(methylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl}-5-(4-methylphenyl)-[1,-
2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonitrile;
4-[8-{[(3R)-3-(methylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl}-5-(4-methylphenyl)-[1,-
2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonitrile;
4-{5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-[(3R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethoxy][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5--
a]pyrazin-6-yl}benzonitrile; and
4-(5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-{[(3R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl]methoxy}[1,2,4]tri-
azolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-6-yl)benzonitrile, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt of any of the aforementioned.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention is directed to
[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine and [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine
derivatives which are LSD1 inhibitors useful in the treatment of
diseases such as cancer.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Epigenetic modifications can impact genetic variation but,
when dysregulated, can also contribute to the development of
various diseases (Portela, A. and M. Esteller, Epigenetic
modifications and human disease. Nat Biotechnol, 2010. 28(10): p.
1057-68; Lund, A. H. and M. van Lohuizen, Epigenetics and cancer.
Genes Dev, 2004. 18(19): p. 2315-35). Recently, in depth cancer
genomics studies have discovered many epigenetic regulatory genes
are often mutated or their own expression is abnormal in a variety
of cancers (Dawson, M. A. and T. Kouzarides, Cancer epigenetics:
from mechanism to therapy. Cell, 2012. 150(1): p. 12-27; Waldmann,
T. and R. Schneider, Targeting histone modifications--epigenetics
in cancer. Curr Opin Cell Biol, 2013. 25(2): p. 184-9; Shen, H. and
P. W. Laird, Interplay between the cancer genome and epigenome.
Cell, 2013. 153(1): p. 38-55). This implies epigenetic regulators
function as cancer drivers or are permissive for tumorigenesis or
disease progression. Therefore, deregulated epigenetic regulators
are attractive therapeutic targets.
[0003] One particular enzyme which is associated with human
diseases is lysine specific demethylase-1 (LSD1), the first
discovered histone demethylase (Shi, Y., et al., Histone
demethylation mediated by the nuclear amine oxidase homolog LSD1.
Cell, 2004. 119(7): p. 941-53). It consists of three major domains:
the N-terminal SWIRM which functions in nucleosome targeting, the
tower domain which is involved in protein-protein interaction, such
as transcriptional co-repressor, co-repressor of RE1-silencing
transcription factor (CoREST), and lastly the C terminal catalytic
domain whose sequence and structure share homology with the flavin
adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent monoamine oxidases (i.e.,
MAO-A and MAO-B) (Forneris, F., et al., Structural basis of
LSD1-CoREST selectivity in histone H3 recognition. J Biol Chem,
2007. 282(28): p. 20070-4; Anand, R. and R. Marmorstein, Structure
and mechanism of lysine-specific demethylase enzymes. J Biol Chem,
2007. 282(49): p. 35425-9; Stavropoulos, P., G. Blobel, and A.
Hoelz, Crystal structure and mechanism of human lysine-specific
demethylas-1. Nat Struct Mol Biol, 2006. 13(7): p. 626-32; Chen,
Y., et al., Crystal structure of human histone lysine-specific
demethylase 1 (LSD1). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2006. 103(38): p.
13956-61). LSD1 also shares a fair degree of homology with another
lysine specific demethylase (LSD2) (Karytinos, A., et al., A novel
mammalian flavin-dependent histone demethylase. J Biol Chem, 2009.
284(26): p. 17775-82). Although the biochemical mechanism of action
is conserved in two isoforms, the substrate specificities are
thought to be distinct with relatively small overlap. The enzymatic
reactions of LSD1 and LSD2 are dependent on the redox process of
FAD and the requirement of a protonated nitrogen in the methylated
lysine is thought to limit the activity of LSD1/2 to mono- and
di-methylated lysines at the position of 4 or 9 of histone 3 (H3K4
or H3K9). These mechanisms make LSD1/2 distinct from other histone
demethylase families (i.e. Jumonji domain containing family) that
can demethylate mono-, di-, and tri-methylated lysines through
alpha-ketoglutarate dependent reactions (Kooistra, S. M. and K.
Helin, Molecular mechanisms and potential functions of histone
demethylases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2012. 13(5): p. 297-311;
Mosammaparast, N. and Y. Shi, Reversal of histone methylation:
biochemical and molecular mechanisms of histone demethylases. Annu
Rev Biochem, 2010. 79: p. 155-79).
[0004] Methylated histone marks on H3K4 and H3K9 are generally
coupled with transcriptional activation and repression,
respectively. As part of corepressor complexes (e.g., CoREST), LSD1
has been reported to demethylate H3K4 and repress transcription,
whereas LSD1, in nuclear hormone receptor complex (e.g., androgen
receptor), may demethylate H3K9 to activate gene expression
(Metzger, E., et al., LSD1 demethylates repressive histone marks to
promote androgen-receptor-dependent transcription. Nature, 2005.
437(7057): p. 436-9; Kahl, P., et al., Androgen receptor
coactivators lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 and four and a
half LIM domain protein 2 predict risk of prostate cancer
recurrence. Cancer Res, 2006. 66(23): p. 11341-7). This suggests
the substrate specificity of LSD1 can be determined by associated
factors, thereby regulating alternative gene expressions in a
context dependent manner. In addition to histone proteins, LSD1 may
demethylate non-histone proteins. These include p53 (Huang, J., et
al., p53 is regulated by the lysine demethylase LSD1. Nature, 2007.
449(7158): p. 105-8.), E2F (Kontaki, H. and I. Talianidis, Lysine
methylation regulates E2F1-induced cell death. Mol Cell, 2010.
39(1): p. 152-60), STAT3 (Yang, J., et al., Reversible methylation
of promoter-bound STAT3 by histone-modifying enzymes. Proc Natl
Acad Sci USA, 2010. 107(50): p. 21499-504), Tat (Sakane, N., et
al., Activation of HIV transcription by the viral Tat protein
requires a demethylation step mediated by lysine-specific
demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1). PLoS Pathog, 2011. 7(8): p. e1002184),
and myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1) (Cho, H. S., et
al., Demethylation of RB regulator MYPT1 by histone demethylase
LSD1 promotes cell cycle progression in cancer cells. Cancer Res,
2011. 71(3): p. 655-60). The lists of non-histone substrates are
growing with technical advances in functional proteomics studies.
These suggest additional oncogenic roles of LSD1 beyond regulating
chromatin remodeling. LSD1 also associates with other epigenetic
regulators, such as DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) (Wang, J., et
al., The lysine demethylase LSD1 (KDM1) is required for maintenance
of global DNA methylation. Nat Genet, 2009. 41(1): p. 125-9) and
histone deacetylases (HDACs) complexes (Hakimi, M. A., et al., A
core-BRAF35 complex containing histone deacetylase mediates
repression of neuronal-specific genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,
2002. 99(11): p. 7420-5; Lee, M. G., et al., Functional interplay
between histone demethylase and deacetylase enzymes. Mol Cell Biol,
2006. 26(17): p. 6395-402; You, A., et al., CoREST is an integral
component of the CoREST-human histone deacetylase complex. Proc
Natl Acad Sci USA, 2001. 98(4): p. 1454-8). These associations
augment the activities of DNMT or HDACs. LSD1 inhibitors may
therefore potentiate the effects of HDAC or DNMT inhibitors.
Indeed, preclinical studies have shown such potential already
(Singh, M. M., et al., Inhibition of LSD1 sensitizes glioblastoma
cells to histone deacetylase inhibitors. Neuro Oncol, 2011. 13(8):
p. 894-903; Han, H., et al., Synergistic re-activation of
epigenetically silenced genes by combinatorial inhibition of DNMTs
and LSD1 in cancer cells. PLoS One, 2013. 8(9): p. e75136).
[0005] LSD1 has been reported to contribute to a variety of
biological processes, including cell proliferation,
epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and stem cell biology
(both embryonic stem cells and cancer stem cells) or self-renewal
and cellular transformation of somatic cells (Chen, Y., et al.,
Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1): A potential molecular
target for tumor therapy. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr, 2012. 22(1):
p. 53-9; Sun, G., et al., Histone demethylase LSD1 regulates neural
stem cell proliferation. Mol Cell Biol, 2010. 30(8): p. 1997-2005;
Adamo, A., M. J. Barrero, and J. C. Izpisua Belmonte, LSD1 and
pluripotency: a new player in the network. Cell Cycle, 2011.
10(19): p. 3215-6; Adamo, A., et al., LSD1 regulates the balance
between self-renewal and differentiation in human embryonic stem
cells. Nat Cell Biol, 2011. 13(6): p. 652-9). In particular, cancer
stem cells or cancer initiating cells have some pluripotent stem
cell properties that contribute to the heterogeneity of cancer
cells. This feature may render cancer cells more resistant to
conventional therapies, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and
then develop recurrence after treatment (Clevers, H., The cancer
stem cell: premises, promises and challenges. Nat Med, 2011. 17(3):
p. 313-9; Beck, B. and C. Blanpain, Unravelling cancer stem cell
potential. Nat Rev Cancer, 2013. 13(10): p. 727-38). LSD1 was
reported to maintain an undifferentiated tumor initiating or cancer
stem cell phenotype in a spectrum of cancers (Zhang, X., et al.,
Pluripotent Stem Cell Protein Sox2 Confers Sensitivity to LSD1
Inhibition in Cancer Cells. Cell Rep, 2013. 5(2): p. 445-57; Wang,
J., et al., Novel histone demethylase LSD1 inhibitors selectively
target cancer cells with pluripotent stem cell properties. Cancer
Res, 2011. 71(23): p. 7238-49). Acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) are
an example of neoplastic cells that retain some of their less
differentiated stem cell like phenotype or leukemia stem cell (LSC)
potential. Analysis of AML cells including gene expression arrays
and chromatin immunoprecipitation with next generation sequencing
(ChIP-Seq) revealed that LSD1 may regulate a subset of genes
involved in multiple oncogenic programs to maintain LSC (Harris, W.
J., et al., The histone demethylase KDM1A sustains the oncogenic
potential of MLL-AF9 leukemia stem cells. Cancer Cell, 2012. 21(4):
p. 473-87; Schenk, T., et al., Inhibition of the LSD1 (KDM1A)
demethylase reactivates the all-trans-retinoic acid differentiation
pathway in acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Med, 2012. 18(4): p.
605-11). These findings suggest potential therapeutic benefit of
LSD1 inhibitors targeting cancers having stem cell properties, such
as AMLs.
[0006] Overexpression of LSD1 is frequently observed in many types
of cancers, including bladder cancer, NSCLC, breast carcinomas,
ovary cancer, glioma, colorectal cancer, sarcoma including
chondrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and
rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, prostate cancer, esophageal
squamous cell carcinoma, and papillary thyroid carcinoma. Notably,
studies found over-expression of LSD1 was significantly associated
with clinically aggressive cancers, for example, recurrent prostate
cancer, NSCLC, glioma, breast, colon cancer, ovary cancer,
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and neuroblastoma. In these
studies, either knockdown of LSD1expression or treatment with small
molecular inhibitors of LSD1 resulted in decreased cancer cell
proliferation and/or induction of apoptosis. See, e.g., Hayami, S.,
et al., Overexpression of LSD1 contributes to human carcinogenesis
through chromatin regulation in various cancers. Int J Cancer,
2011. 128(3): p. 574-86; Lv, T., et al., Over-expression of LSD1
promotes proliferation, migration and invasion in non-small cell
lung cancer. PLoS One, 2012. 7(4): p. e35065; Serce, N., et al.,
Elevated expression of LSD1 (Lysine-specific demethylase 1) during
tumour progression from pre-invasive to invasive ductal carcinoma
of the breast. BMC Clin Pathol, 2012. 12: p. 13; Lim, S., et al.,
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is highly expressed in
ER-negative breast cancers and a biomarker predicting aggressive
biology. Carcinogenesis, 2010. 31(3): p. 512-20; Konovalov, S. and
I. Garcia-Bassets, Analysis of the levels of lysine-specific
demethylase 1 (LSD1) mRNA in human ovarian tumors and the effects
of chemical LSD1 inhibitors in ovarian cancer cell lines. J Ovarian
Res, 2013. 6(1): p. 75; Sareddy, G. R., et al., KDM1 is a novel
therapeutic target for the treatment of gliomas. Oncotarget, 2013.
4(1): p. 18-28; Ding, J., et al., LSD1-mediated epigenetic
modification contributes to proliferation and metastasis of colon
cancer. Br J Cancer, 2013. 109(4): p. 994-1003; Bennani-Baiti, I.
M., et al., Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A/AOF2/BHC110)
is expressed and is an epigenetic drug target in chondrosarcoma,
Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. Hum Pathol,
2012. 43(8): p. 1300-7; Schulte, J. H., et al., Lysine-specific
demethylase 1 is strongly expressed in poorly differentiated
neuroblastoma: implications for therapy. Cancer Res, 2009. 69(5):
p. 2065-71; Crea, F., et al., The emerging role of histone lysine
demethylases in prostate cancer. Mol Cancer, 2012. 11: p. 52;
Suikki, H. E., et al., Genetic alterations and changes in
expression of histone demethylases in prostate cancer. Prostate,
2010. 70(8): p. 889-98; Yu, Y., et al., High expression of
lysine-specific demethylase 1 correlates with poor prognosis of
patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys
Res Commun, 2013. 437(2): p. 192-8; Kong, L., et al.,
Immunohistochemical expression of RBP2 and LSD1 in papillary
thyroid carcinoma. Rom J Morphol Embryol, 2013. 54(3): p.
499-503.
[0007] Recently, the induction of CD86 expression by inhibiting
LSD1 activity was reported (Lynch, J. T., et al., CD86 expression
as a surrogate cellular biomarker for pharmacological inhibition of
the histone demethylase lysine-specific demethylase 1. Anal
Biochem, 2013. 442(1): p. 104-6). CD86 expression is a marker of
maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) which are involved in antitumor
immune response. Notably, CD86 functions as a co-stimulatory factor
to activate T cell proliferation (Greaves, P. and J. G. Gribben,
The role of B7 family molecules in hematologic malignancy. Blood,
2013. 121(5): p. 734-44; Chen, L. and D. B. Flies, Molecular
mechanisms of T cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition. Nat Rev
Immunol, 2013. 13(4): p. 227-42).
[0008] In addition to playing a role in cancer, LSD1 activity has
also been associated with viral pathogenesis. Particularly, LSD1
activity appears to be linked with viral replications and
expressions of viral genes. For example, LSD1 functions as a
co-activator to induce gene expression from the viral immediate
early genes of various type of herpes virus including herpes
simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and
.beta.-herpesvirus human cytomegalovirus (Liang, Y., et al.,
Targeting the JMJD2 histone demethylases to epigenetically control
herpesvirus infection and reactivation from latency. Sci Transl
Med, 2013. 5(167): p. 167ra5; Liang, Y., et al., Inhibition of the
histone demethylase LSD1 blocks alpha-herpesvirus lytic replication
and reactivation from latency. Nat Med, 2009. 15(11): p. 1312-7).
In this setting, a LSD1 inhibitor showed antiviral activity by
blocking viral replication and altering virus associated gene
expression.
[0009] Recent studies have also shown that the inhibition of LSD1
by either genetic depletion or pharmacological intervention
increased fetal globin gene expression in erythroid cells (Shi, L.,
et al., Lysine-specific demethylase 1 is a therapeutic target for
fetal hemoglobin induction. Nat Med, 2013. 19(3): p. 291-4; Xu, J.,
et al., Corepressor-dependent silencing of fetal hemoglobin
expression by BCL11A. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2013. 110(16): p.
6518-23). Inducing fetal globin gene would be potentially
therapeutically beneficial for the disease of
.beta.-globinopathies, including .beta.-thalassemia and sickle cell
disease where the production of normal .beta.-globin, a component
of adult hemoglobin, is impaired (Sankaran, V. G. and S. H. Orkin,
The switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin. Cold Spring Harb
Perspect Med, 2013. 3(1): p. a011643; Bauer, D. E., S. C. Kamran,
and S. H. Orkin, Reawakening fetal hemoglobin: prospects for new
therapies for the beta-globin disorders. Blood, 2012. 120(15): p.
2945-53). Moreover, LSD1 inhibition may potentiate other clinically
used therapies, such as hydroxyurea or azacitidine. These agents
may act, at least in part, by increasing .gamma.-globin gene
expression through different mechanisms.
[0010] In summary, LSD1 contributes to tumor development by
altering epigenetic marks on histones and non-histone proteins.
Accumulating data have validated that either genetic depletion or
pharmacological intervention of LSD1 normalizes altered gene
expressions, thereby inducing differentiation programs into mature
cell types, decreasing cell proliferation, and promoting apoptosis
in cancer cells. Therefore, LSD1 inhibitors alone or in combination
with established therapeutic drugs would be effective to treat the
diseases associated with LSD1 activity.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] The present invention is directed to, inter alia, a compound
of Formula I:
##STR00002##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein constituent
variables are defined herein.
[0012] The present invention is further directed to a
pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula I and
at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0013] The present invention is further directed to a method of
inhibiting LSD1 comprising contacting the LSD1 with a compound of
Formula I.
[0014] The present invention is further directed to a method of
treating an LSD1-mediated disease in a patient comprising
administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of
a compound of Formula I.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0015] The present invention provides, inter alia, LSD1-inhibiting
compounds such as a compound of Formula I:
##STR00003##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
[0016] X is N or CR.sup.X;
[0017] Ring A is C.sub.6-10 aryl or 5-10 membered heteroaryl
comprising carbon and 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O,
and S, wherein said C.sub.6-10 aryl and 5-10 membered heteroaryl
are each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents
independently selected from R.sup.A;
[0018] Ring B is C.sub.6-10 aryl; 5-10 membered heteroaryl
comprising carbon and 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O,
and S; C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl; or 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl
comprising carbon and 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O,
and S; wherein said C.sub.6-10 aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl are each
optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents independently
selected from R.sup.B;
[0019] R.sup.1 is halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, Cy.sup.1, CN, OR.sup.a1,
SR.sup.a1, C(O)R.sup.b1, C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, C(O)OR.sup.a1,
OC(O)R.sup.b1, OC(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
NR.sup.c1C(O)R.sup.b1, NR.sup.c1C(O)OR.sup.a1,
NR.sup.c1C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)R.sup.b1,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
NR.sup.c1C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1S(O)R.sup.b1,
NR.sup.c1S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, NR.sup.c1S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
S(O)R.sup.b1, S(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, or
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1; wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each optionally
substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected
from Cy.sup.1, halo, CN, OR.sup.a1, SR.sup.a1, C(O)R.sup.b1,
C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, C(O)OR.sup.a1, OC(O)R.sup.b1,
OC(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1C(O)R.sup.b1,
NR.sup.c1C(O)OR.sup.a1, NR.sup.c1C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)R.sup.b1, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
NR.sup.c1C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1S(O)R.sup.b1,
NR.sup.c1S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, NR.sup.c1S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
S(O)R.sup.b1, S(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1;
[0020] wherein when X is CR.sup.X, then R.sup.1 is not CN;
[0021] R.sup.2 is H, halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, Cy.sup.2, CN, OR.sup.a2,
SR.sup.a2, C(O)R.sup.b2, C(O)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, C(O)OR.sup.a2,
OC(O)R.sup.b2, OC(O)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2,
NR.sup.c2C(O)R.sup.b2, NR.sup.c2C(O)OR.sup.a2,
NR.sup.c2C(O)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e2)R.sup.b2,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e2)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2,
NR.sup.c2C(.dbd.NR.sup.e2)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, NR.sup.c2S(O)R.sup.b2,
NR.sup.c2S(O).sub.2R.sup.b2, NR.sup.c2S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2,
S(O)R.sup.b2, S(O)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b2, or
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2; wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each optionally
substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected
from Cy.sup.2, halo, CN, OR.sup.a2, SR.sup.a2, C(O)R.sup.b2,
C(O)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, C(O)OR.sup.a2, OC(O)R.sup.b2,
OC(O)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, NR.sup.c2C(O)R.sup.b2,
NR.sup.c2C(O)OR.sup.a2, NR.sup.c2C(O)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e2)R.sup.b2, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e2)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2,
NR.sup.c2C(.dbd.NR.sup.e2)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, NR.sup.c2S(O)R.sup.b2,
NR.sup.c2S(O).sub.2R.sup.b2, NR.sup.c2S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2,
S(O)R.sup.b2, S(O)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b2, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2;
[0022] each R.sup.A is independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl,
CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a4, SR.sup.a4, C(O)R.sup.b4,
C(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, C(O)OR.sup.a4, OC(O)R.sup.b4,
OC(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, NR.sup.c4C(O)R.sup.b4,
NR.sup.c4C(O)OR.sup.a4, NR.sup.c4C(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e4)R.sup.b4, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e4)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4,
NR.sup.c4C(.dbd.NR.sup.e4)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, NR.sup.c4S(O)R.sup.b4,
NR.sup.c4S(O).sub.2R.sup.b4, NR.sup.c4S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4,
S(O)R.sup.b4, S(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b4, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each optionally
substituted by 1, 2, or 3, substituents independently selected from
halo, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a4, SR.sup.a4,
C(O)R.sup.b4, C(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, C(O)OR.sup.a4, OC(O)R.sup.b4,
OC(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, NR.sup.c4C(O)R.sup.b4,
NR.sup.c4C(O)OR.sup.a4, NR.sup.c4C(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e4)R.sup.b4, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e4)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4,
NR.sup.c4C(.dbd.NR.sup.e4)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, NR.sup.c4S(O)R.sup.b4,
NR.sup.c4S(O).sub.2R.sup.b4, NR.sup.c4S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4,
S(O)R.sup.b4, S(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b4, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4;
[0023] each R.sup.B is independently selected from Cy.sup.3, halo,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.1-6
haloalkyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a5, SR.sup.a5, C(O)R.sup.b5,
C(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, C(O)OR.sup.a5, OC(O)R.sup.b5,
OC(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, NR.sup.c5C(O)R.sup.b5,
NR.sup.c5C(O)OR.sup.a5, NR.sup.c5C(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e5)R.sup.b5, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e5)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5,
NR.sup.c5C(.dbd.NR.sup.e5)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, NR.sup.c5S(O)R.sup.b5,
NR.sup.c5S(O).sub.2R.sup.b5, NR.sup.c5S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5,
S(O)R.sup.b5, S(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b5, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each optionally
substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from
Cy.sup.3, halo, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a5,
SR.sup.a5, C(O)R.sup.b5, C(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, C(O)OR.sup.a5,
OC(O)R.sup.b5, OC(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5,
NR.sup.c5C(O)R.sup.b5, NR.sup.c5C(O)OR.sup.a5,
NR.sup.c5C(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e5)R.sup.b5,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e5)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5,
NR.sup.c5C(.dbd.NR.sup.e5)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, NR.sup.c5S(O)R.sup.b5,
NR.sup.c5S(O).sub.2R.sup.b5, NR.sup.c5S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5,
S(O)R.sup.b5, S(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b5, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5;
[0024] R.sup.X is independently selected from H, halo, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl,
CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)R.sup.b7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7S(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
S(O)R.sup.b7, S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0025] each Cy.sup.1, Cy.sup.2, Cy.sup.3, and Cy.sup.4 is
independently selected from C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl,
5-10 membered heteroaryl, and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, each
of which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents
independently selected from R.sup.Cy;
[0026] each R.sup.Cy is independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-4
alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, phenyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 5-6
membered heteroaryl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,
phenyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
(5-6 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a6,
SR.sup.a6, C(O)R.sup.b6, C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, C(O)OR.sup.a6,
OC(O)R.sup.b6, OC(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e6)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
NR.sup.c6C(.dbd.NR.sup.e6)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
NR.sup.c6C(O)R.sup.b6, NR.sup.c6C(O)OR.sup.a6,
NR.sup.c6C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6S(O)R.sup.b6,
NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, S(O)R.sup.b6,
S(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, wherein said C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, phenyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
5-6 membered heteroaryl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,
phenyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
(5-6 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are each optionally substituted
by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-4
alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo, CN,
NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a6, SR.sup.a6, C(O)R.sup.b6,
C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, C(O)OR.sup.a6, OC(O)R.sup.b6,
OC(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e6)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
NR.sup.c6C(.dbd.NR.sup.e6)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
NR.sup.c6C(O)R.sup.b6, NR.sup.c6C(O)OR.sup.a6,
NR.sup.c6C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6S(O)R.sup.b6,
NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
S(O)R.sup.b6, S(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6;
[0027] each R.sup.a1 is independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, and Cy.sup.4; wherein
said C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are
each optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents
independently selected from Cy.sup.4, halo, CN, OR.sup.a3,
SR.sup.a3, C(O)R.sup.b3, C(O)NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, C(O)OR.sup.a3,
OC(O)R.sup.b3, OC(O)NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3,
NR.sup.c3C(O)R.sup.b3, NR.sup.c3C(O)OR.sup.a3,
NR.sup.c3C(O)NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e3)R.sup.b3,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e3)NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3,
NR.sup.c3C(.dbd.NR.sup.e3)NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, NR.sup.c3S(O)R.sup.b3,
NR.sup.c3S(O).sub.2R.sup.b3, NR.sup.c3S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3,
S(O)R.sup.b3, S(O)NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b3, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3;
[0028] each R.sup.b1, R.sup.c1, and R.sup.d1 is independently
selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl,
5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl,
C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4
alkyl-, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-10
membered heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, wherein said C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4
alkyl-, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are
each optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents
independently selected from C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl,
C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.e7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0029] or any R.sup.c1 and R.sup.d1 together with the N atom to
which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered
heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl, 5-6
membered heteroaryl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7,
SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7,
OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10
aryl, and 5-6 membered heteroaryl are each optionally substituted
by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from halo,
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN,
OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0030] each R.sup.a2, R.sup.b2, R.sup.c2, and R.sup.d2 is
independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4
alkyl-, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl,
4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered
heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are each optionally substituted
with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo,
CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0031] or any R.sup.c2 and R.sup.d2 together with the N atom to
which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered
heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, 5-6 membered
heteroaryl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7,
C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, and
5-6 membered heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by 1, 2, or
3 substituents independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN, OR.sup.a7,
SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7,
OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0032] each R.sup.a3, R.sup.b3, R.sup.c3, and R.sup.d3 is
independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4
alkyl-, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl,
4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered
heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are each optionally substituted
with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo,
CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0033] or any R.sup.c3 and R.sup.d3 together with the N atom to
which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered
heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, 5-6 membered
heteroaryl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7,
C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, and
5-6 membered heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by 1, 2, or
3 substituents independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN, OR.sup.a7,
SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7,
OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0034] each R.sup.a4, R.sup.b4, R.sup.c4, and R.sup.d4 is
independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, wherein said
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each
optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents
independently selected from C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl,
C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.e7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0035] or any R.sup.c4 and R.sup.d4 together with the N atom to
which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered
heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6
haloalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0036] each R.sup.a5, R.sup.b5, R.sup.c5, and R.sup.d5 is
independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4
alkyl-, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl,
4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered
heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are each optionally substituted
with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo,
CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0037] or any R.sup.c5 and R.sup.d5 together with the N atom to
which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered
heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl, 5-6
membered heteroaryl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7,
SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7,
OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10
aryl, and 5-6 membered heteroaryl are each optionally substituted
by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from halo,
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN,
OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0038] each R.sup.a6, R.sup.b6, R.sup.c6, and R.sup.d6 is
independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, wherein said
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each
optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents
independently selected from C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl,
C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0039] or any R.sup.c6 and R.sup.d6 together with the N atom to
which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered
heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6
haloalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0040] each R.sup.a7, R.sup.b7, R.sup.c7, and R.sup.d7 is
independently selected from H, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
haloalkyl, C.sub.2-4 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-4 alkynyl, wherein said
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.2-4 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-4 alkynyl are each
optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently
selected from OH, CN, amino, halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
alkoxy, C.sub.1-4 alkylthio, C.sub.1-4 alkylamino, di(C.sub.1-4
alkyl)amino, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, and C.sub.1-4 haloalkoxy; and
[0041] each R.sup.c1, R.sup.c2, R.sup.c3, R.sup.c4, R.sup.c5,
R.sup.c6, and R.sup.c7 is independently selected from H, C.sub.1-4
alkyl, and CN.
[0042] In some embodiments:
[0043] X is N or CR.sup.X;
[0044] Ring A is phenyl or 5-10 membered heteroaryl comprising
carbon and 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S,
wherein said C.sub.6-10 aryl and 5-10 membered heteroaryl are each
optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents independently
selected from R.sup.A;
[0045] Ring B is phenyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl comprising
carbon and 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S;
wherein said phenyl and 5-6 membered heteroaryl are each optionally
substituted by 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents independently selected
from R.sup.B;
[0046] R.sup.1 is halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, Cy.sup.1, CN, OR.sup.a1,
SR.sup.a1, C(O)R.sup.b1, C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, C(O)OR.sup.a1,
OC(O)R.sup.b1, OC(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
NR.sup.c1C(O)R.sup.b1, NR.sup.c1C(O)OR.sup.a1,
NR.sup.c1C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)R.sup.b1,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
NR.sup.c1C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1S(O)R.sup.b1,
NR.sup.c1S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, NR.sup.c1S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
S(O)R.sup.b1, S(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, or
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1; wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each optionally
substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected
from Cy.sup.1, halo, CN, OR.sup.a1, SR.sup.a1, C(O)R.sup.b1,
C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, C(O)OR.sup.a1, OC(O)R.sup.b1,
OC(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1C(O)R.sup.b1,
NR.sup.c1C(O)OR.sup.a1, NR.sup.c1C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)R.sup.b1, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
NR.sup.c1C(.dbd.NR.sup.e1)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1S(O)R.sup.b1,
NR.sup.c1S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, NR.sup.c1S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
S(O)R.sup.b1, S(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1;
[0047] wherein when X is CR.sup.X, then R.sup.1 is not CN;
[0048] R.sup.2 is H, halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, CN, OR.sup.a2,
C(O)R.sup.b2, C(O)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2,
NR.sup.c2C(O)R.sup.b2, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b2, or
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2; wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl is
optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently
selected from halo, CN, OR.sup.a2, C(O)R.sup.b2,
C(O)NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2, NR.sup.c2C(O)R.sup.b2,
S(O).sub.2R.sup.b2, and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c2R.sup.d2;
[0049] each R.sup.A is independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, OR.sup.a4, C(O)R.sup.b4,
C(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, C(O)OR.sup.a4, NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4,
NR.sup.c4C(O)R.sup.b4, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b4, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl is
optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3, substituents independently
selected from halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN,
OR.sup.a4, C(O)R.sup.b4, C(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, C(O)OR.sup.a4,
NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, NR.sup.c4C(O)R.sup.b4, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b4, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4;
[0050] each R.sup.B is independently selected from Cy.sup.3, halo,
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.1-6
haloalkyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a5, C(O)R.sup.b5,
C(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, C(O)OR.sup.a5, NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5,
NR.sup.c5C(O)R.sup.b5, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b5, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each optionally
substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from
Cy.sup.3, halo, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a5,
C(O)R.sup.b5, C(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, C(O)OR.sup.a5,
NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, NR.sup.c5C(O)R.sup.b5, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b5, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5;
[0051] R.sup.X is independently selected from H, halo, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, OR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0052] each Cy.sup.1, Cy.sup.3, and Cy.sup.4 is independently
selected from C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered
heteroaryl, and 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, each of which is
optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents
independently selected from R.sup.Cy;
[0053] each R.sup.Cy is independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-4
alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, phenyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 5-6
membered heteroaryl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,
phenyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
(5-6 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a6,
SR.sup.a6, C(O)R.sup.b6, C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, C(O)OR.sup.a6,
OC(O)R.sup.b6, OC(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e6)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
NR.sup.c6C(.dbd.NR.sup.e6)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
NR.sup.c6C(O)R.sup.b6, NR.sup.c6C(O)OR.sup.a6,
NR.sup.c6C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6S(O)R.sup.b6,
NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
S(O)R.sup.b6, S(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, wherein said C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, phenyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
5-6 membered heteroaryl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,
phenyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
(5-6 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are each optionally substituted
by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-4
alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo, CN,
NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a6, SR.sup.a6, C(O).sub.R.sup.b6,
C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, OC(O)R.sup.b6, OC(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e6)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
NR.sup.c6C(.dbd.NR.sup.e6)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
NR.sup.c6C(O)R.sup.b6, NR.sup.c6C(O).sub.OR.sup.a6,
NR.sup.c6C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6S(O)R.sup.b6,
NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
S(O)R.sup.b6, S(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6;
[0054] each R.sup.a1 is independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, and Cy.sup.4; wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl is optionally
substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected
from Cy.sup.4, halo, CN, OR.sup.a3, C(O)R.sup.b3,
C(O)NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, C(O)OR.sup.a3, NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3,
NR.sup.c3C(O)R.sup.b3, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b3, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3;
[0055] each R.sup.b1, R.sup.c1, and R.sup.d1 is independently
selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl,
5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl,
C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4
alkyl-, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-10
membered heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, wherein said C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4
alkyl-, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are
each optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents
independently selected from C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl,
C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0056] or any R.sup.c1 and R.sup.d1 together with the N atom to
which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered
heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl, 5-6
membered heteroaryl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7,
SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7,
OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10
aryl, and 5-6 membered heteroaryl are each optionally substituted
by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from halo,
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN,
OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0057] each R.sup.a2, R.sup.b2, R.sup.c2, and R.sup.d2 is
independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4
alkyl-, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl,
4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered
heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are each optionally substituted
with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo,
CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.c7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.c7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0058] or any R.sup.c2 and R.sup.d2 together with the N atom to
which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered
heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, 5-6 membered
heteroaryl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7,
C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, and
5-6 membered heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by 1, 2, or
3 substituents independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN, OR.sup.a7,
SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7,
OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0059] each R.sup.a3, R.sup.b3, R.sup.c3, and R.sup.d3 is
independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4
alkyl-, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl,
4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered
heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are each optionally substituted
with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo,
CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0060] or any R.sup.c3 and R.sup.d3 together with the N atom to
which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered
heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, 5-6 membered
heteroaryl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7,
C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, phenyl, and
5-6 membered heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by 1, 2, or
3 substituents independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN, OR.sup.a7,
SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7,
OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.c7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0061] each R.sup.a4, R.sup.b4, R.sup.c4, and R.sup.d4 is
independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, wherein said
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each
optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents
independently selected from C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl,
C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0062] or any R.sup.c4 and R.sup.d4 together with the N atom to
which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered
heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6
haloalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0063] each R.sup.a5, R.sup.b5, R.sup.c5, and R.sup.d5 is
independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-10
cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4
alkyl-, and (4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl,
4-10 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, (5-10 membered
heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-10 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are each optionally substituted
with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo,
CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.c7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.c7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0064] or any R.sup.c5 and R.sup.d5 together with the N atom to
which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered
heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl, 5-6
membered heteroaryl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7,
SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7,
OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7, C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10
aryl, and 5-6 membered heteroaryl are each optionally substituted
by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from halo,
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN,
OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0065] each R.sup.a6, R.sup.b6, R.sup.c6, and R.sup.d6 is
independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, wherein said
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each
optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents
independently selected from C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl,
C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0066] or any R.sup.c6 and R.sup.d6 together with the N atom to
which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered
heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6
haloalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7,
C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7,
OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(.dbd.NR.sup.e7)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O)R.sup.b7,
S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0067] each R.sup.a7, R.sup.b7, R.sup.c7, and R.sup.d7 is
independently selected from H, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
haloalkyl, C.sub.2-4 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-4 alkynyl, wherein said
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.2-4 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-4 alkynyl are each
optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently
selected from OH, CN, amino, halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4
alkoxy, C.sub.1-4 alkylthio, C.sub.1-4 alkylamino, di(C.sub.1-4
alkyl)amino, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, and C.sub.1-4 haloalkoxy; and
[0068] each R.sup.e1, R.sup.e6, and R.sup.e7 is independently
selected from H, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, and CN.
[0069] In some embodiments:
[0070] X is N or CR.sup.X;
[0071] Ring A is phenyl optionally substituted by 1 or 2
substituents independently selected from R.sup.A;
[0072] Ring B is phenyl optionally substituted by 1 or 2
substituents independently selected from R.sup.B;
[0073] R.sup.1 is halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, Cy.sup.1, OR.sup.a1,
C(O)R.sup.b1, C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, C(O)OR.sup.a1,
NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1C(O)R.sup.b1, NR.sup.c1C(O)OR.sup.a1,
S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, or S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1; wherein said
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each
optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently
selected from Cy.sup.1, halo, CN, OR.sup.a1, C(O)R.sup.b1,
C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, C(O)OR.sup.a1, NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
NR.sup.c1C(O)R.sup.b1, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1;
[0074] R.sup.2 is H;
[0075] each R.sup.A is independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, and OR.sup.a4, wherein said
C.sub.1-6 alkyl is optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3,
substituents independently selected from CN and OR.sup.a4;
[0076] each R.sup.B is independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl,
CN, and OR.sup.a5;
[0077] R.sup.X is H;
[0078] each Cy.sup.1 and Cy.sup.4 is independently selected from
phenyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 5-6 membered heteroaryl, and 4-7
membered heterocycloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted
with 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents independently selected from
R.sup.Cy;
[0079] each R.sup.Cy is independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-4
alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a6, SR.sup.a6,
C(O)R.sup.b6, C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, C(O)OR.sup.a6, OC(O)R.sup.b6,
OC(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6C(O)R.sup.b6,
NR.sup.c6C(O)OR.sup.a6, NR.sup.c6C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
NR.sup.c6S(O)R.sup.b6, NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6,
NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, S(O)R.sup.b6,
S(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, wherein said C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, are each optionally
substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo,
CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a6, SR.sup.a6, C(O)R.sup.b6,
C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, C(O)OR.sup.a6, OC(O)R.sup.b6,
OC(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6C(O)R.sup.b6,
NR.sup.c6C(O)OR.sup.a6, NR.sup.c6C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6,
NR.sup.c6S(O)R.sup.b6, NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6,
NR.sup.c6S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, S(O)R.sup.b6,
S(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6;
[0080] each R.sup.a1 is independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, and 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl; wherein said C.sub.1-6
alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents
independently selected from Cy.sup.4, halo, CN, OR.sup.a3,
C(O)R.sup.b3, C(O)NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, C(O)OR.sup.a3,
NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, NR.sup.c3C(O)R.sup.b3, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b3, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, and wherein said 4-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a6,
C(O)R.sup.b6, C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, C(O)OR.sup.a6,
NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6C(O)R.sup.b6, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6;
[0081] each R.sup.b1, R.sup.c1, and R.sup.d1 is independently
selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, phenyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 5-6
membered heteroaryl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,
phenyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
(5-6 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, phenyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl,
5-6 membered heteroaryl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl,
phenyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-,
(5-6 membered heteroaryl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl-, and (4-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-4 alkyl- are each optionally substituted
with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, halo,
CN, OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
S(O)R.sup.b7, S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0082] or any R.sup.c1 and R.sup.d1 together with the N atom to
which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered
heterocycloalkyl group optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7
cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl, 5-6
membered heteroaryl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, halo, CN, OR.sup.a7,
SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, C(O)OR.sup.a7,
OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7, S(O)R.sup.b7, S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10
aryl, and 5-6 membered heteroaryl are each optionally substituted
by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from halo,
C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN,
OR.sup.a7, SR.sup.a7, C(O)R.sup.b7, C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
C(O)OR.sup.a7, OC(O)R.sup.b7, OC(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7C(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, NR.sup.c7C(O)OR.sup.a7,
S(O)R.sup.b7, S(O)NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7,
NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2R.sup.b7, NR.sup.c7S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7,
and S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c7R.sup.d7;
[0083] each R.sup.a3, R.sup.b3, R.sup.c3, and R.sup.d3 is
independently selected from H and C.sub.1-6 alkyl;
[0084] each R.sup.a4 is independently selected from H and C.sub.1-6
alkyl;
[0085] each R.sup.a5 is independently selected from H and C.sub.1-6
alkyl;
[0086] each R.sup.a6, R.sup.b6, R.sup.c6, and R.sup.d6 is
independently selected from H and C.sub.1-6 alkyl; and
[0087] each R.sup.a7, R.sup.b7, R.sup.c7, and R.sup.d7 is
independently selected from H and C.sub.1-4 alkyl.
[0088] In some embodiments, X is N.
[0089] In some embodiments, X is CR.sup.X.
[0090] In some embodiments, Ring A is phenyl or 5-10 membered
heteroaryl comprising carbon and 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms selected
from N, O, and S, wherein said C.sub.6-10 aryl and 5-10 membered
heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, or 4
substituents independently selected from R.sup.A.
[0091] In some embodiments, Ring A is phenyl optionally substituted
by 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from R.sup.A.
[0092] In some embodiments, Ring A is phenyl substituted by one
R.sup.A.
[0093] In some embodiments, Ring A is phenyl substituted by CN.
[0094] In some embodiments, Ring B is phenyl or 5-6 membered
heteroaryl comprising carbon and 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected
from N, O, and S; wherein said phenyl and 5-6 membered heteroaryl
are each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents
independently selected from R.sup.B.
[0095] In some embodiments, Ring B is phenyl optionally substituted
by 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from R.sup.B.
[0096] In some embodiments, Ring B is phenyl substituted by one
R.sup.B.
[0097] In some embodiments, Ring B is phenyl substituted by
methyl.
[0098] In some embodiments, R.sup.1 is halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl,
Cy.sup.1, OR.sup.a1, C(O)R.sup.b1, C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
C(O)OR.sup.a1, NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, NR.sup.c1C(O)R.sup.b1,
NR.sup.c1C(O)OR.sup.a1, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, or
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1; wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each optionally
substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected
from Cy.sup.1, halo, CN, OR.sup.a1, C(O)R.sup.b1,
C(O)NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1, C(O)OR.sup.a1, NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1,
NR.sup.c1C(O)R.sup.b1, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b1, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c1R.sup.d1.
[0099] In some embodiments, R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl, Cy.sup.1,
or OR.sup.a1, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl is substituted with one
Cy.sup.1.
[0100] In some embodiments, R.sup.1 is pyrrolidin-3-ylmethoxy,
2-pyrrolidin-3-ylethyl, (1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)ethyl,
3-[(methylamino)methyl]phenyl,
3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl, piperazin-1-ylmethyl,
4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl, 3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl,
3-(methylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl, or
(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methoxy.
[0101] In some embodiments, R.sup.2 is H.
[0102] In some embodiments, each R.sup.A is independently selected
from halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, OR.sup.a4,
C(O)R.sup.b4, C(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, C(O)OR.sup.a4,
NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, NR.sup.c4C(O)R.sup.b4, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b4, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl is
optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3, substituents independently
selected from halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN,
OR.sup.a4, C(O)R.sup.b4, C(O)NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, C(O)OR.sup.a4,
NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4, NR.sup.c4C(O)R.sup.b4, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b4, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c4R.sup.d4.
[0103] In some embodiments, each R.sup.A is independently selected
from halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, and OR.sup.a4,
wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl is optionally substituted by 1, 2, or
3, substituents independently selected from CN and OR.sup.a4.
[0104] In some embodiments, R.sup.A is CN.
[0105] In some embodiments, each R.sup.B is independently selected
from Cy.sup.3, halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6
alkynyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a5,
C(O)R.sup.b5, C(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, C(O)OR.sup.a5,
NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, NR.sup.c5C(O)R.sup.b5, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b5, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, and C.sub.2-6 alkynyl are each optionally
substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from
Cy.sup.3, halo, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a5,
C(O)R.sup.b5, C(O)NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, C(O)OR.sup.a5,
NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5, NR.sup.c5C(O)R.sup.b5, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b5, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c5R.sup.d5.
[0106] In some embodiments, each R.sup.B is independently selected
from halo, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl,
C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, CN, and OR.sup.a5.
[0107] In some embodiments, R.sup.B is C.sub.1-6 alkyl.
[0108] In some embodiments, R.sup.B is methyl.
[0109] In some embodiments, R.sup.X is H.
[0110] In some embodiments, each Cy.sup.1 is independently selected
from phenyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, 5-6 membered heteroaryl, and 4-7
membered heterocycloalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted
with 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents independently selected from
R.sup.Cy.
[0111] In some embodiments, each Cy.sup.1 is phenyl or 4-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with 1 or 2
substituents independently selected from R.sup.Cy.
[0112] In some embodiments, each Cy.sup.1 is phenyl, pyrrolidinyl,
or piperazinyl, each optionally substituted with 1 or 2
substituents independently selected from R.sup.Cy.
[0113] In some embodiments, each Cy.sup.1 is phenyl, pyrrolidinyl,
or piperazinyl, each optionally substituted with 1 or 2
substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-4 alkyl and
NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, wherein said C.sub.1-4 alkyl is optionally
substituted with NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6.
[0114] In some embodiments, each R.sup.Cy is C.sub.1-4 alkyl and
NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, wherein said C.sub.1-4 alkyl is optionally
substituted with NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6.
[0115] In some embodiments, each R.sup.a1 is independently selected
from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, and Cy.sup.4; wherein said C.sub.1-6 alkyl
is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents
independently selected from Cy.sup.4, halo, CN, OR.sup.a3,
C(O)R.sup.b3, C(O)NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, C(O)OR.sup.a3,
NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, NR.sup.c3C(O)R.sup.b3, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b3, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3.
[0116] In some embodiments, each R.sup.a1 is independently selected
from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, and 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl; wherein
said C.sub.1-6 alkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from Cy.sup.4, halo, CN,
OR.sup.a3, C(O)R.sup.b3, C(O)NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, C(O)OR.sup.a3,
NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, NR.sup.c3C(O)R.sup.b3, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b3, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c3R.sup.d3, and wherein said 4-7 membered
heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a6,
C(O)R.sup.b6, C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, C(O)OR.sup.a6,
NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6C(O)R.sup.b6, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6.
[0117] In some embodiments, each R.sup.a1 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl
substituted by 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein said 4-7
membered heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1 or 2
substituents independently selected from halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl,
C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 cyanoalkyl, CN, NO.sub.2, OR.sup.a6,
C(O)R.sup.b6, C(O)NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, C(O)OR.sup.a6,
NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6, NR.sup.c6C(O)R.sup.b6, S(O).sub.2R.sup.b6, and
S(O).sub.2NR.sup.c6R.sup.d6.
[0118] In some embodiments, each R.sup.a1 is pyrrolidinylmethyl
optionally substituted with one C.sub.1-4 alkyl.
[0119] In some embodiments, the compounds of the invention have
Formula IIa:
##STR00004##
[0120] In some embodiments, the compounds of the invention have
Formula IIb:
##STR00005##
[0121] In some embodiments, the compounds of the invention have
Formula IIIa:
##STR00006##
[0122] In some embodiments, the compounds of the invention have
Formula IIIb:
##STR00007##
[0123] It is appreciated that certain features of the invention,
which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate
embodiments, can also be provided in combination in a single
embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention which
are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment,
can also be provided separately or in any suitable
subcombination.
[0124] As used herein, the phrase "optionally substituted" means
unsubstituted or substituted. As used herein, the term
"substituted" means that a hydrogen atom is removed and replaced by
a monovalent substituent, or two hydrogen atoms are replaced with a
divalent substituent like a terminal oxo group. It is to be
understood that substitution at a given atom is limited by
valency.
[0125] Throughout the definitions, the term "C.sub.i-j" indicates a
range which includes the endpoints, wherein i and j are integers
and indicate the number of carbons. Examples include C.sub.1-4,
C.sub.1-6, and the like.
[0126] The term "z-membered" (where z is an integer) typically
describes the number of ring-forming atoms in a moiety where the
number of ring-forming atoms is z. For example, piperidinyl is an
example of a 6-membered heterocycloalkyl ring, pyrazolyl is an
example of a 5-membered heteroaryl ring, pyridyl is an example of a
6-membered heteroaryl ring, and 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-naphthalene
is an example of a 10-membered cycloalkyl group.
[0127] As used herein, the term "C.sub.i-j alkyl," employed alone
or in combination with other terms, refers to a saturated
hydrocarbon group that may be straight-chain or branched, having i
to j carbons. In some embodiments, the alkyl group contains from 1
to 6 carbon atoms or from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or from 1 to 3
carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl moieties include, but are not
limited to, chemical groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,
isopropyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, and t-butyl.
[0128] As used herein, the term "C.sub.i-j alkoxy," employed alone
or in combination with other terms, refers to a group of formula
--O-alkyl, wherein the alkyl group has i to j carbons. Example
alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, and propoxy (e.g., n-propoxy
and isopropoxy). In some embodiments, the alkyl group has 1 to 3
carbon atoms.
[0129] As used herein, "C.sub.i-j alkenyl," employed alone or in
combination with other terms, refers to an unsaturated hydrocarbon
group having one or more double carbon-carbon bonds and having i to
j carbons. In some embodiments, the alkenyl moiety contains 2 to 6
or 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Example alkenyl groups include, but are not
limited to, ethenyl, n-propenyl, isopropenyl, n-butenyl,
sec-butenyl, and the like.
[0130] As used herein, "C.sub.i-j alkynyl," employed alone or in
combination with other terms, refers to an unsaturated hydrocarbon
group having one or more triple carbon-carbon bonds and having i to
j carbons. Example alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to,
ethynyl, propyn-1-yl, propyn-2-yl, and the like. In some
embodiments, the alkynyl moiety contains 2 to 6 or 2 to 4 carbon
atoms.
[0131] As used herein, the term "C.sub.i-j alkylamino," employed
alone or in combination with other terms, refers to a group of
formula --NH(alkyl), wherein the alkyl group has i to j carbon
atoms. In some embodiments, the alkyl group has 1 to 6 or 1 to 4
carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the alkylamino group is
--NH(C.sub.1-4 alkyl) such as, for example, methylamino, ethylamino
or propylamino.
[0132] As used herein, the term "di-C.sub.i-j-alkylamino," employed
alone or in combination with other terms, refers to a group of
formula --N(alkyl).sub.2, wherein each of the two alkyl groups has,
independently, i to j carbon atoms. In some embodiments, each alkyl
group independently has 1 to 6 or 1 to 4 carbon atoms. In some
embodiments, the dialkylamino group is --N(C.sub.1-4 alkyl).sub.2
such as, for example, dimethylamino or diethylamino.
[0133] As used herein, the term "C.sub.i-j alkylthio," employed
alone or in combination with other terms, refers to a group of
formula --S-alkyl, wherein the alkyl group has i to j carbon atoms.
In some embodiments, the alkyl group has 1 to 6 or 1 to 4 carbon
atoms. In some embodiments, the alkylthio group is C.sub.1-4
alkylthio such as, for example, methylthio or ethylthio.
[0134] As used herein, the term "amino," employed alone or in
combination with other terms, refers to a group of formula
--NH.sub.2.
[0135] As used herein, the term "aryl," employed alone or in
combination with other terms, refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic
(e.g., having 2, 3 or 4 fused rings) aromatic hydrocarbon, such as,
but not limited to, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, anthracenyl,
phenanthrenyl, and the like. In some embodiments, aryl is
C.sub.6-10 aryl. In some embodiments, the aryl group is a
naphthalene ring or phenyl ring. In some embodiments, the aryl
group is phenyl.
[0136] As used herein, the term "aryl-C.sub.i-j alkyl," employed
alone or in combination with other terms, refers to an alkyl group
substituted by an aryl group. An example of a aryl-C.sub.i-j alkyl
group is benzyl.
[0137] As used herein, the term "carbonyl", employed alone or in
combination with other terms, refers to a --C(O)-- group.
[0138] As used herein, the term "C.sub.i-j cycloalkyl," employed
alone or in combination with other terms, refers to a non-aromatic
cyclic hydrocarbon moiety having i to j ring-forming carbon atoms,
which may optionally contain one or more alkenylene groups as part
of the ring structure. Cycloalkyl groups can include mono- or
polycyclic (e.g., having 2, 3 or 4 fused rings) ring systems. Also
included in the definition of cycloalkyl are moieties that have one
or more aromatic rings fused (i.e., having a bond in common with)
to the cycloalkyl ring, for example, benzo derivatives of
cyclopentane, cyclopentene, cyclohexane, and the like. One or more
ring-forming carbon atoms of a cycloalkyl group can be oxidized to
form carbonyl linkages. In some embodiments, cycloalkyl is
C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.5-6
cycloalkyl. Exemplary cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl,
cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl,
cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptatrienyl, norbornyl,
norpinyl, norcarnyl, and the like. Further exemplary cycloalkyl
groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and
cyclohexyl.
[0139] As used herein, the term "C.sub.i-j cycloalkyl-C.sub.i-j
alkyl," employed alone or in combination with other terms, refers
to an alkyl group substituted by a cycloalkyl group. An example of
a C.sub.i-j cycloalkyl-C.sub.i-j alkyl group is
cyclopropylmethyl.
[0140] As used herein, "C.sub.i-j haloalkoxy," employed alone or in
combination with other terms, refers to a group of formula
--O-haloalkyl having i to j carbon atoms. An example haloalkoxy
group is OCF.sub.3. An additional example haloalkoxy group is
OCHF.sub.2. In some embodiments, the haloalkoxy group is
fluorinated only. In some embodiments, the alkyl group has 1 to 6
or 1 to 4 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the haloalkoxy group
is C.sub.1-4 haloalkoxy.
[0141] As used herein, the term "halo," employed alone or in
combination with other terms, refers to a halogen atom selected
from F, Cl, I or Br. In some embodiments, "halo" refers to a
halogen atom selected from F, Cl, or Br. In some embodiments, the
halo substituent is F.
[0142] As used herein, the term "C.sub.i-j haloalkyl," employed
alone or in combination with other terms, refers to an alkyl group
having from one halogen atom to 2s+1 halogen atoms which may be the
same or different, where "s" is the number of carbon atoms in the
alkyl group, wherein the alkyl group has i to j carbon atoms. In
some embodiments, the haloalkyl group is fluorinated only. In some
embodiments, the haloalkyl group is fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl,
or trifluoromethyl. In some embodiments, the haloalkyl group is
trifluoromethyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl group has 1 to 6 or
1 to 4 carbon atoms.
[0143] As used herein, the term "heteroaryl," employed alone or in
combination with other terms, refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic
(e.g., having 2, 3 or 4 fused rings) aromatic heterocylic moiety,
having one or more heteroatom ring members selected from nitrogen,
sulfur and oxygen. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl group has 1,
2, 3, or 4 heteroatom ring members. In some embodiments, the
heteroaryl group has 1, 2, or 3 heteroatom ring members. In some
embodiments, the heteroaryl group has 1 or 2 heteroatom ring
members. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl group has 1 heteroatom
ring member. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl group is 5- to
10-membered or 5- to 6-membered. In some embodiments, the
heteroaryl group is 5-membered. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl
group is 6-membered. When the heteroaryl group contains more than
one heteroatom ring member, the heteroatoms may be the same or
different. The nitrogen atoms in the ring(s) of the heteroaryl
group can be oxidized to form N-oxides. Example heteroaryl groups
include, but are not limited to, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine,
pyridazine, pyrrole, pyrazole, azolyl, oxazole, isoxazole,
thiazole, isothiazole, imidazole, furan, thiophene, triazole,
tetrazole, thiadiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, indole,
benzothiophene, benzofuran, benzisoxazole, imidazo[1, 2-b]thiazole,
purine, triazine, and the like.
[0144] A 5-membered heteroaryl is a heteroaryl group having five
ring-forming atoms comprising wherein one or more of the
ring-forming atoms are independently selected from N, O, and S. In
some embodiments, the 5-membered heteroaryl group has 1, 2, or 3
heteroatom ring members. In some embodiments, the 5-membered
heteroaryl group has 1 or 2 heteroatom ring members. In some
embodiments, the 5-membered heteroaryl group has 1 heteroatom ring
member. Example ring-forming members include CH, N, NH, O, and S.
Example five-membered ring heteroaryls are thienyl, furyl,
pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl,
isoxazolyl, 1, 2, 3-triazolyl, tetrazolyl, 1, 2, 3-thiadiazolyl, 1,
2, 3-oxadiazolyl, 1, 2, 4-triazolyl, 1, 2, 4-thiadiazolyl, 1, 2,
4-oxadiazolyl, 1, 3, 4-triazolyl, 1, 3, 4-thiadiazolyl, and 1, 3,
4-oxadiazolyl.
[0145] A 6-membered heteroaryl is a heteroaryl group having six
ring-forming atoms wherein one or more of the ring-forming atoms is
N. In some embodiments, the 6-membered heteroaryl group has 1, 2,
or 3 heteroatom ring members. In some embodiments, the 6-membered
heteroaryl group has 1 or 2 heteroatom ring members. In some
embodiments, the 6-membered heteroaryl group has 1 heteroatom ring
member. Example ring-forming members include CH and N. Example
six-membered ring heteroaryls are pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl,
triazinyl, and pyridazinyl.
[0146] As used herein, the term "heteroaryl-C.sub.i-j alkyl,"
employed alone or in combination with other terms, refers to an
alkyl group substituted by a heteroaryl group. An example of a
heteroaryl-C.sub.i-j alkyl group is pyridylmethyl.
[0147] As used herein, the term "heterocycloalkyl," employed alone
or in combination with other terms, refers to non-aromatic
heterocyclic ring system, which may optionally contain one or more
unsaturations as part of the ring structure, and which has at least
one heteroatom ring member independently selected from nitrogen,
sulfur and oxygen. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl group
has 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatom ring members. In some embodiments, the
heterocycloalkyl group has 1, 2, or 3 heteroatom ring members. In
some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl group has 1 or 2 heteroatom
ring members. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl group has 1
heteroatom ring member. When the heterocycloalkyl group contains
more than one heteroatom in the ring, the heteroatoms may be the
same or different. Example ring-forming members include CH,
CH.sub.2, C(O), N, NH, O, S, S(O), and S(O).sub.2. Heterocycloalkyl
groups can include mono- or polycyclic (e.g., having 2, 3 or 4
fused rings) ring systems, including spiro systems. Also included
in the definition of heterocycloalkyl are moieties that have one or
more aromatic rings fused (i.e., having a bond in common with) to
the non-aromatic ring, for example, 1, 2, 3,
4-tetrahydro-quinoline, dihydrobenzofuran and the like. The carbon
atoms or heteroatoms in the ring(s) of the heterocycloalkyl group
can be oxidized to form a carbonyl, sulfinyl, or sulfonyl group (or
other oxidized linkage) or a nitrogen atom can be quaternized. In
some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is 5- to 10-membered, 4- to
10-membered, 4- to 7-membered, 5-membered, or 6-membered. Examples
of heterocycloalkyl groups include 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-quinoline,
dihydrobenzofuran, azetidine, azepane, pyrrolidine, piperidine,
piperazine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, and pyran.
[0148] As used herein, the term "heterocycloalkyl-C.sub.i-j alkyl,"
employed alone or in combination with other terms, refers to an
alkyl group substituted by a heterocycloalkyl group. An example of
a heterocycloalkyl-C.sub.i-j alkyl group is pyrrolidinylmethyl.
[0149] The compounds described herein can be asymmetric (e.g.,
having one or more stereocenters). All stereoisomers, such as
enantiomers and diastereoisomers, are intended unless otherwise
indicated. Compounds of the present invention that contain
asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms can be isolated in
optically active or racemic forms. Methods on how to prepare
optically active forms from optically inactive starting materials
are known in the art, such as by resolution of racemic mixtures or
by stereoselective synthesis. Many geometric isomers of olefins,
C.dbd.N double bonds, and the like can also be present in the
compounds described herein, and all such stable isomers are
contemplated in the present invention. Cis and trans geometric
isomers of the compounds of the present invention are described and
may be isolated as a mixture of isomers or as separated isomeric
forms.
[0150] When the compounds of the invention contain a chiral center,
the compounds can be any of the possible stereoisomers. In
compounds with a single chiral center, the stereochemistry of the
chiral center can be (R) or (S). In compounds with two chiral
centers, the stereochemistry of the chiral centers can each be
independently (R) or (S) so the configuration of the chiral centers
can be (R) and (R), (R) and (S); (S) and (R), or (S) and (S). In
compounds with three chiral centers, the stereochemistry each of
the three chiral centers can each be independently (R) or (S) so
the configuration of the chiral centers can be (R), (R) and (R);
(R), (R) and (S); (R), (S) and (R); (R), (S) and (S); (S), (R) and
(R); (S), (R) and (S); (S), (S) and (R); or (S), (S) and (S).
[0151] Resolution of racemic mixtures of compounds can be carried
out by any of numerous methods known in the art. An example method
includes fractional recrystallization using a chiral resolving acid
which is an optically active, salt-forming organic acid. Suitable
resolving agents for fractional recrystallization methods are, for
example, optically active acids, such as the D and L forms of
tartaric acid, diacetyltartaric acid, dibenzoyltartaric acid,
mandelic acid, malic acid, lactic acid or the various optically
active camphorsulfonic acids such as .beta.-camphorsulfonic acid.
Other resolving agents suitable for fractional crystallization
methods include stereoisomerically pure forms of
a-methylbenzylamine (e.g., S and R forms, or diastereoisomerically
pure forms), 2-phenylglycinol, norephedrine, ephedrine,
N-methylephedrine, cyclohexylethylamine, 1, 2-diaminocyclohexane,
and the like.
[0152] Resolution of racemic mixtures can also be carried out by
elution on a column packed with an optically active resolving agent
(e.g., dinitrobenzoylphenylglycine). Suitable elution solvent
composition can be determined by one skilled in the art.
[0153] Compounds of the invention also include tautomeric forms.
Tautomeric forms result from the swapping of a single bond with an
adjacent double bond together with the concomitant migration of a
proton. Tautomeric forms include prototropic tautomers which are
isomeric protonation states having the same empirical formula and
total charge. Example prototropic tautomers include ketone-enol
pairs, amide-imidic acid pairs, lactam-lactim pairs, amide-imidic
acid pairs, enamine-imine pairs, and annular forms where a proton
can occupy two or more positions of a heterocyclic system, for
example, 1H- and 3H-imidazole, 1H-, 2H- and 4H-1, 2, 4-triazole,
1H- and 2H-isoindole, and 1H- and 2H-pyrazole. Tautomeric forms can
be in equilibrium or sterically locked into one form by appropriate
substitution.
[0154] Compounds of the invention can also include all isotopes of
atoms occurring in the intermediates or final compounds. Isotopes
include those atoms having the same atomic number but different
mass numbers.
[0155] The term "compound" as used herein is meant to include all
stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, and isotopes of the
structures depicted. Compounds herein identified by name or
structure as one particular tautomeric form are intended to include
other tautomeric forms unless otherwise specified.
[0156] All compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts
thereof, can be found together with other substances such as water
and solvents (e.g., hydrates and solvates) or can be isolated.
[0157] In some embodiments, the compounds of the invention, or
salts thereof, are substantially isolated. By "substantially
isolated" is meant that the compound is at least partially or
substantially separated from the environment in which it was formed
or detected. Partial separation can include, for example, a
composition enriched in a compound of the invention. Substantial
separation can include compositions containing at least about 50%,
at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at
least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 97%, or at
least about 99% by weight of the compounds of the invention, or
salt thereof. Methods for isolating compounds and their salts are
routine in the art.
[0158] The phrase "pharmaceutically acceptable" is employed herein
to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage
forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment,
suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and
animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response,
or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable
benefit/risk ratio.
[0159] The expressions, "ambient temperature" and "room
temperature," as used herein, are understood in the art, and refer
generally to a temperature, e.g., a reaction temperature, that is
about the temperature of the room in which the reaction is carried
out, for example, a temperature from about 20.degree. C. to about
30.degree. C.
[0160] The present invention also includes pharmaceutically
acceptable salts of the compounds described herein. As used herein,
"pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refers to derivatives of the
disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by
converting an existing acid or base moiety to its salt form.
Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not
limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as
amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as
carboxylic acids; and the like. The pharmaceutically acceptable
salts of the present invention include the conventional non-toxic
salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic
inorganic or organic acids. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts
of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent
compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional
chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting
the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a
stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or
in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two; generally,
non-aqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, alcohols (e.g.,
methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, or butanol) or acetonitrile (MeCN)
are preferred. Lists of suitable salts are found in Remington's
Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17.sup.th Ed., (Mack Publishing Company,
Easton, 1985), p. 1418, Berge et al., J. Pharm. Sci., 1977, 66(1),
1-19, and in Stahl et al., Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts:
Properties, Selection, and Use, (Wiley, 2002).
[0161] The following abbreviations may be used herein: AcOH (acetic
acid); Ac.sub.2O (acetic anhydride); aq. (aqueous); atm.
(atmosphere(s)); Boc (t-butoxycarbonyl); BOP
((benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium
hexafluorophosphate); br (broad); Cbz (carboxybenzyl); calc.
(calculated); d (doublet); dd (doublet of doublets); DBU
(1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene); DCM (dichloromethane); DIAD
(N, N'-diisopropyl azidodicarboxylate); DIEA
(N,N-diisopropylethylamine); DIPEA (N, N-diisopropylethylamine);
DMF (N, N-dimethylformamide); Et (ethyl); EtOAc (ethyl acetate); g
(gram(s)); h (hour(s)); HATU (N, N, N',
N'-tetramethyl-O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)uronium
hexafluorophosphate); HCl (hydrochloric acid); HPLC (high
performance liquid chromatography); Hz (hertz); IPA (isopropyl
alcohol); J (coupling constant); LCMS (liquid chromatography mass
spectrometry); m (multiplet); M (molar); mCPBA
(3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid); MS (Mass spectrometry); Me (methyl);
MeCN (acetonitrile); MeOH (methanol); mg (milligram(s)); min.
(minutes(s)); mL (milliliter(s)); mmol (millimole(s)); N (normal);
nM (nanomolar); NMP (N-methylpyrrolidinone); NMR (nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy); OTf (trifluoromethanesulfonate); Ph
(phenyl); pM (picomolar); RP-HPLC (reverse phase high performance
liquid chromatography); s (singlet); t (triplet or tertiary); TBS
(tert-butyldimethylsilyl); tert (tertiary); tt (triplet of
triplets); TFA (trifluoroacetic acid); THF (tetrahydrofuran); .mu.g
(microgram(s)); .mu.L (microliter(s)); .mu.M (micromolar); wt %
(weight percent).
Synthesis
[0162] Compounds of the invention, including salts thereof, can be
prepared using known organic synthesis techniques and can be
synthesized according to any of numerous possible synthetic
routes.
[0163] The reactions for preparing compounds of the invention can
be carried out in suitable solvents which can be readily selected
by one of skill in the art of organic synthesis. Suitable solvents
can be substantially non-reactive with the starting materials
(reactants), the intermediates, or products at the temperatures at
which the reactions are carried out, e.g., temperatures which can
range from the solvent's freezing temperature to the solvent's
boiling temperature. A given reaction can be carried out in one
solvent or a mixture of more than one solvent. Depending on the
particular reaction step, suitable solvents for a particular
reaction step can be selected by the skilled artisan.
[0164] Preparation of compounds of the invention can involve the
protection and deprotection of various chemical groups. The need
for protection and deprotection, and the selection of appropriate
protecting groups, can be readily determined by one skilled in the
art. The chemistry of protecting groups can be found, for example,
in P. G. M. Wuts and T. W. Greene, Protective Groups in Organic
Synthesis, 4.sup.th Ed., Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (2006),
which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0165] Reactions can be monitored according to any suitable method
known in the art. For example, product formation can be monitored
by spectroscopic means, such as nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy (e.g., .sup.1H or .sup.13C), infrared spectroscopy,
spectrophotometry (e.g., UV-visible), mass spectrometry, or by
chromatographic methods such as high performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy
(LCMS), or thin layer chromatography (TLC). Compounds can be
purified by those skilled in the art by a variety of methods,
including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
("Preparative LC-MS Purification: Improved Compound Specific Method
Optimization" Karl F. Blom, Brian Glass, Richard Sparks, Andrew P.
Combs J. Combi. Chem. 2004, 6(6), 874-883, which is incorporated
herein by reference in its entirety) and normal phase silica
chromatography.
[0166] Compounds of formula 9 can be synthesized as shown in Scheme
1. Compound 1 can undergo Suzuki reaction with an appropriate
boronic acid or ester of formula 2 in the presence of a palladium
catalyst and a suitable base such as K.sub.2CO.sub.3 to provide
compound of formula 3. Installation of ring B to give compound of
formula 5 can be achieved by coupling of compound 3 with compound
of formula 4 under standard Suzuki coupling conditions (M is a
boronic acid or ester, with palladium catalysis), or standard
Negishi coupling conditions (M is Zn-halo, in the presence of a
palladium catalyst), or standard Buchwald amination conditions (M
is H attached to a ring-forming N atom in ring B, in the presence
of a palladium catalyst and a suitable base). Halogenation of
compound 5 using N-chlorosuccinimide, N-bromosuccinimide or
N-iodosuccinimide can provide a compound of formula 6 (Hal is Cl,
Br or I). Compound 6 can be converted to a formamidoxime derivative
of formula 7 by reacting with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl
acetal, followed by treatment with hydroxylamine. The formamidoxime
derivative 7 can undergo cyclization upon treating with
trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) to afford a triazole compound of
formula 8. Finally, the aryl halide 8 can react with R.sup.1-M to
give a compound of formula 9 under standard cross coupling
conditions, such as Suzuki coupling conditions (M is a boronic acid
or ester, with palladium catalysis), Sonogashira coupling
conditions (M is a terminal alkynyl, with palladium catalysis),
Negishi coupling conditions (M is ZnCl, ZnBr or ZnI, with palladium
catalysis), Buchwald amination conditions (R.sup.1-M is an amine (M
is H), with palladium catalysis) or Ullmann coupling conditions
(R.sup.1-M is an alcohol (M is H), with palladium or copper
catalysis).
##STR00008## ##STR00009##
[0167] Compounds of formula 11, wherein R.sup.2 is a non-hydrogen
substituent, can be synthesized as shown in Scheme 2. Compound 6,
which can be prepared as described in Scheme 1, can react with a
nitrile R.sup.2--CN to deliver a triazole compound of formula 10
via a copper-catalyzed tandem addition-oxidative cyclization. This
tandem reaction is described in Nagasawa et. al. in J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 2009, 131, 42, 15080. Finally, the aryl halide 10 can react
with R.sup.1-M under standard cross coupling conditions as
described in Scheme 1 (e.g., Suzuki coupling, Negishi coupling,
Sonogashira coupling, Buchwald amination or Ullmann coupling) to
give compounds of formula 11.
##STR00010##
[0168] Alternatively, compounds of formula 11 can be prepared as
shown in Scheme 3. Aryl halide 6 can react with R.sup.1-M under
standard cross coupling conditions as described in Scheme 1 (e.g.,
Suzuki coupling, Negishi coupling, Sonogashira coupling, Buchwald
amination or Ullmann coupling) to give compounds of formula 12.
Condensation of amino-pyridine derivative 12 with ethoxycarbonyl
isothiocyanate, followed by treatment with hydroxylamine can give
the aminotriazole of formula 13. Transformation of the amino group
in compound 13 to bromide can be achieved under standard Sandmeyer
reaction conditions (e.g., NaNO.sub.2, HBr then CuBr) to give
compounds of formula 14. Functionalization of aryl bromide 14 with
an R.sup.2 substituent to give compound 11 can be performed under
standard cross coupling reaction conditions (e.g., Suzuki coupling,
Negishi coupling, Sonogashira coupling, Buchwald amination or
Ullmann coupling) as described in the previous Schemes.
##STR00011##
Methods of Use
[0169] Compounds of the invention are LSD1 inhibitors and, thus,
are useful in treating diseases and disorders associated with
activity of LSD1. For the uses described herein, any of the
compounds of the invention, including any of the embodiments
thereof, may be used.
[0170] In some embodiments, the compounds of the invention are
selective for LSD1 over LSD2, meaning that the compounds bind to or
inhibit LSD1 with greater affinity or potency, compared to LSD2. In
general, selectivity can be at least about 5-fold, at least about
10-fold, at least about 20-fold, at least about 50-fold, at least
about 100-fold, at least about 200-fold, at least about 500-fold or
at least about 1000-fold.
[0171] As inhibitors of LSD1, the compounds of the invention are
useful in treating LSD1-mediated diseases and disorders. The term
"LSD1-mediated disease" or "LSD1-mediated disorder" refers to any
disease or condition in which LSD1 plays a role, or where the
disease or condition is associated with expression or activity of
LSD1. The compounds of the invention can therefore be used to treat
or lessen the severity of diseases and conditions where LSD1 is
known to play a role.
[0172] Diseases and conditions treatable using the compounds of the
invention include generally cancers, inflammation, autoimmune
diseases, viral induced pathogenesis, beta-globinopathies, and
other diseases linked to LSD1 activity.
[0173] Cancers treatable using compounds according to the present
invention include, for example, hematological cancers, sarcomas,
lung cancers, gastrointestinal cancers, genitourinary tract
cancers, liver cancers, bone cancers, nervous system cancers,
gynecological cancers, and skin cancers.
[0174] Example hematological cancers include, for example,
lymphomas and leukemias such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL),
acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), acute promyelocytic leukemia
(APL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myelogenous
leukemia (CML), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), mantle cell
lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (including relapsed or refractory
NHL and recurrent follicular), Hodgkin lymphoma, myeloproliferative
diseases (e.g., primary myelofibrosis (PMF), polycythemia vera
(PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET)), myelodysplasia syndrome
(MDS), and multiple myeloma.
[0175] Example sarcomas include, for example, chondrosarcoma,
Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma,
fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, myxoma, rhabdomyoma, fibroma, lipoma,
harmatoma, and teratoma.
[0176] Example lung cancers include, for example, non-small cell
lung cancer (NSCLC), bronchogenic carcinoma (squamous cell,
undifferentiated small cell, undifferentiated large cell,
adenocarcinoma), alveolar (bronchiolar) carcinoma, bronchial
adenoma, chondromatous hamartoma, and mesothelioma.
[0177] Example gastrointestinal cancers include, for example,
cancers of the esophagus (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma,
leiomyosarcoma, lymphoma), stomach (carcinoma, lymphoma,
leiomyosarcoma), pancreas (ductal adenocarcinoma, insulinoma,
glucagonoma, gastrinoma, carcinoid tumors, vipoma), small bowel
(adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, carcinoid tumors, Kaposi's sarcoma,
leiomyoma, hemangioma, lipoma, neurofibroma, fibroma), large bowel
(adenocarcinoma, tubular adenoma, villous adenoma, hamartoma,
leiomyoma), and colorectal cancer.
[0178] Example genitourinary tract cancers include, for example,
cancers of the kidney (adenocarcinoma, Wilm's tumor
[nephroblastoma]), bladder and urethra (squamous cell carcinoma,
transitional cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma), prostate
(adenocarcinoma, sarcoma), and testis (seminoma, teratoma,
embryonal carcinoma, teratocarcinoma, choriocarcinoma, sarcoma,
interstitial cell carcinoma, fibroma, fibroadenoma, adenomatoid
tumors, lipoma).
[0179] Example liver cancers include, for example, hepatoma
(hepatocellular carcinoma), cholangiocarcinoma, hepatoblastoma,
angiosarcoma, hepatocellular adenoma, and hemangioma.
[0180] Example bone cancers include, for example, osteogenic
sarcoma (osteosarcoma), fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous
histiocytoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, malignant lymphoma
(reticulum cell sarcoma), multiple myeloma, malignant giant cell
tumor chordoma, osteochronfroma (osteocartilaginous exostoses),
benign chondroma, chondroblastoma, chondromyxofibroma, osteoid
osteoma, and giant cell tumors
[0181] Example nervous system cancers include, for example, cancers
of the skull (osteoma, hemangioma, granuloma, xanthoma, osteitis
deformans), meninges (meningioma, meningiosarcoma, gliomatosis),
brain (astrocytoma, meduoblastoma, glioma, ependymoma, germinoma
(pinealoma), glioblastoma multiform, oligodendroglioma, schwannoma,
retinoblastoma, congenital tumors), and spinal cord (neurofibroma,
meningioma, glioma, sarcoma), as well as neuroblastoma and
Lhermitte-Duclos disease.
[0182] Example gynecological cancers include, for example, cancers
of the uterus (endometrial carcinoma), cervix (cervical carcinoma,
pre -tumor cervical dysplasia), ovaries (ovarian carcinoma (serous
cystadenocarcinoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, unclassified
carcinoma), granulosa-thecal cell tumors, Sertoli-Leydig cell
tumors, dysgerminoma, malignant teratoma), vulva (squamous cell
carcinoma, intraepithelial carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, fibrosarcoma,
melanoma), vagina (clear cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma,
botryoid sarcoma (embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma), and fallopian tubes
(carcinoma).
[0183] Example skin cancers include, for example, melanoma, basal
cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, moles
dysplastic nevi, lipoma, angioma, dermatofibroma, and keloids.
[0184] The compounds of the invention can further be used to treat
cancer types where LSD1 may be overexpressed including, for
example, breast, prostate, head and neck, laryngeal, oral, and
thyroid cancers (e.g., papillary thyroid carcinoma).
[0185] The compounds of the invention can further be used to treat
genetic disorders such as Cowden syndrome and Bannayan-Zonana
syndrome.
[0186] The compounds of the invention can further be used to treat
viral diseases such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster
virus (VZV), human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and
adenovirus.
[0187] The compounds of the invention can further be used to treat
beta-globinopathies including, for example, beta-thalassemia and
sickle cell anemia.
[0188] As used herein, the term "contacting" refers to the bringing
together of indicated moieties in an in vitro system or an in vivo
system. For example, "contacting" a LSD1 protein with a compound of
the invention includes the administration of a compound of the
present invention to an individual or patient, such as a human,
having a LSD1 protein, as well as, for example, introducing a
compound of the invention into a sample containing a cellular or
purified preparation containing the LSD1 protein.
[0189] As used herein, the term "individual" or "patient, " used
interchangeably, refers to any animal, including mammals,
preferably mice, rats, other rodents, rabbits, dogs, cats, swine,
cattle, sheep, horses, or primates, and most preferably humans.
[0190] As used herein, the phrase "therapeutically effective
amount" refers to the amount of active compound or pharmaceutical
agent that elicits the biological or medicinal response that is
being sought in a tissue, system, animal, individual or human by a
researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician.
[0191] As used herein, the term "treating" or "treatment" refers to
inhibiting the disease; for example, inhibiting a disease,
condition or disorder in an individual who is experiencing or
displaying the pathology or symptomatology of the disease,
condition or disorder (i.e. arresting further development of the
pathology and/or symptomatology) or ameliorating the disease; for
example, ameliorating a disease, condition or disorder in an
individual who is experiencing or displaying the pathology or
symptomatology of the disease, condition or disorder (i.e.
reversing the pathology and/or symptomatology) such as decreasing
the severity of disease.
[0192] As used herein, the term "preventing" or "prevention" refers
to preventing the disease; for example, preventing a disease,
condition or disorder in an individual who may be predisposed to
the disease, condition or disorder but does not yet experience or
display the pathology or symptomatology of the disease.
Combination Therapies
[0193] The compounds of the invention can be used in combination
treatments where the compound of the invention is administered in
conjunction with other treatments such as the administration of one
or more additional therapeutic agents. The additional therapeutic
agents are typically those which are normally used to treat the
particular condition to be treated. The additional therapeutic
agents can include, e.g., chemotherapeutics, anti-inflammatory
agents, steroids, immunosuppressants, as well as Bcr-Abl, Flt-3,
RAF, FAK, JAK, PIM, PI3K inhibitors for treatment of LSD1-mediated
diseases, disorders or conditions. The one or more additional
pharmaceutical agents can be administered to a patient
simultaneously or sequentially.
[0194] In some embodiments, the compounds of the invention can be
used in combination with a therapeutic agent that targets an
epigenetic regulator. Examples of epigenetic regulators include the
histone lysine methyltransferases, histone arginine methyl
transferases, histone demethylases, histone deacetylases, histone
acetylases, and DNA methyltransferases. Histone deacetylase
inhibitors include, e.g., vorinostat.
[0195] For treating cancer and other proliferative diseases, the
compounds of the invention can be used in combination with
chemotherapeutic agents, agonists or antagonists of nuclear
receptors, or other anti-proliferative agents. The compounds of the
invention can also be used in combination with medical therapy such
as surgery or radiotherapy, e.g., gamma-radiation, neutron beam
radiotherapy, electron beam radiotherapy, proton therapy,
brachytherapy, and systemic radioactive isotopes. Examples of
suitable chemotherapeutic agents include any of: abarelix,
aldesleukin, alemtuzumab, alitretinoin, allopurinol, altretamine,
anastrozole, arsenic trioxide, asparaginase, azacitidine,
bevacizumab, bexarotene, bleomycin, bortezombi, bortezomib,
busulfan intravenous, busulfan oral, calusterone, capecitabine,
carboplatin, carmustine, cetuximab, chlorambucil, cisplatin,
cladribine, clofarabine, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dacarbazine,
dactinomycin, dalteparin sodium, dasatinib, daunorubicin,
decitabine, denileukin, denileukin diftitox, dexrazoxane,
docetaxel, doxorubicin, dromostanolone propionate, eculizumab,
epirubicin, erlotinib, estramustine, etoposide phosphate,
etoposide, exemestane, fentanyl citrate, filgrastim, floxuridine,
fludarabine, fluorouracil, fulvestrant, gefitinib, gemcitabine,
gemtuzumab ozogamicin, goserelin acetate, histrelin acetate,
ibritumomab tiuxetan, idarubicin, ifosfamide, imatinib mesylate,
interferon alfa 2a, irinotecan, lapatinib ditosylate, lenalidomide,
letrozole, leucovorin, leuprolide acetate, levamisole, lomustine,
meclorethamine, megestrol acetate, melphalan, mercaptopurine,
methotrexate, methoxsalen, mitomycin C, mitotane, mitoxantrone,
nandrolone phenpropionate, nelarabine, nofetumomab, oxaliplatin,
paclitaxel, pamidronate, panitumumab, pegaspargase, pegfilgrastim,
pemetrexed disodium, pentostatin, pipobroman, plicamycin,
procarbazine, quinacrine, rasburicase, rituximab, ruxolitinib,
sorafenib, streptozocin, sunitinib, sunitinib maleate, tamoxifen,
temozolomide, teniposide, testolactone, thalidomide, thioguanine,
thiotepa, topotecan, toremifene, tositumomab, trastuzumab,
tretinoin, uracil mustard, valrubicin, vinblastine, vincristine,
vinorelbine, vorinostat, and zoledronate.
[0196] For treating cancer and other proliferative diseases, the
compounds of the invention can be used in combination with
ruxolitinib.
[0197] For treating autoimmune or inflammatory conditions, the
compound of the invention can be administered in combination with a
corticosteroid such as triamcinolone, dexamethasone, fluocinolone,
cortisone, prednisolone, or flumetholone.
[0198] For treating autoimmune or inflammatory conditions, the
compound of the invention can be administered in combination with
an immune suppressant such as fluocinolone acetonide
(Retisert.RTM.), rimexolone (AL-2178, Vexol, Alcon), or
cyclosporine (Restasis.RTM.).
[0199] For treating autoimmune or inflammatory conditions, the
compound of the invention can be administered in combination with
one or more additional agents selected from Dehydrex.TM. (Holles
Labs), Civamide (Opko), sodium hyaluronate (Vismed, Lantibio/TRB
Chemedia), cyclosporine (ST-603, Sirion Therapeutics), ARG101(T)
(testosterone, Argentis), AGR1012(P) (Argentis), ecabet sodium
(Senju-Ista), gefarnate (Santen), 15-(s)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic
acid (15(S)-HETE), cevilemine, doxycycline (ALTY-0501, Alacrity),
minocycline, iDestrin.TM. (NP50301, Nascent Pharmaceuticals),
cyclosporine A (Nova22007, Novagali), oxytetracycline (Duramycin,
MOLI1901, Lantibio), CF101 (2S, 3S, 4R, 5R)-3,
4-dihydroxy-5-[6-[(3-iodophenyl)methylamino]purin-9-yl]-N-methyl-oxolane--
2-carbamyl, Can-Fite Biopharma), voclosporin (LX212 or LX214, Lux
Biosciences), ARG103 (Agentis), RX-10045 (synthetic resolvin
analog, Resolvyx), DYN15 (Dyanmis Therapeutics), rivoglitazone
(DE011, Daiichi Sanko), TB4 (RegeneRx), OPH-01 (Ophtalmis Monaco),
PCS101 (Pericor Science), REV1-31 (Evolutec), Lacritin (Senju),
rebamipide (Otsuka-Novartis), OT-551 (Othera), PAI-2 (University of
Pennsylvania and Temple University), pilocarpine, tacrolimus,
pimecrolimus (AMS981, Novartis), loteprednol etabonate, rituximab,
diquafosol tetrasodium (INS365, Inspire), KLS-0611 (Kissei
Pharmaceuticals), dehydroepiandrosterone, anakinra, efalizumab,
mycophenolate sodium, etanercept (Embrel.RTM.), hydroxychloroquine,
NGX267 (TorreyPines Therapeutics), or thalidomide.
[0200] For treating beta-thalassemia or sickle cell disease, the
compound of the invention can be administered in combination with
one or more additional agents such as Hydrea.RTM.
(hydroxyurea).
[0201] In some embodiments, the compound of the invention can be
administered in combination with one or more agents selected from
an antibiotic, antiviral, antifungal, anesthetic, anti-inflammatory
agents including steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories,
and anti-allergic agents. Examples of suitable medicaments include
aminoglycosides such as amikacin, gentamycin, tobramycin,
streptomycin, netilmycin, and kanamycin; fluoroquinolones such as
ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, trovafloxacin, lomefloxacin,
levofloxacin, and enoxacin; naphthyridine; sulfonamides; polymyxin;
chloramphenicol; neomycin; paramomycin; colistimethate; bacitracin;
vancomycin; tetracyclines; rifampin and its derivatives
("rifampins"); cycloserine; beta-lactams; cephalosporins;
amphotericins; fluconazole; flucytosine; natamycin; miconazole;
ketoconazole; corticosteroids; diclofenac; flurbiprofen; ketorolac;
suprofen; cromolyn; lodoxamide; levocabastin; naphazoline;
antazoline; pheniramine; or azalide antibiotic.
[0202] Other examples of agents, one or more of which a provided
compound may also be combined with include: a treatment for
Alzheimer's Disease such as donepezil and rivastigmine; a treatment
for Parkinson's Disease such as L-DOPA/carbidopa, entacapone,
ropinirole, pramipexole, bromocriptine, pergolide, trihexyphenidyl,
and amantadine; an agent for treating multiple sclerosis (MS) such
as beta interferon (e.g., Avonex.RTM. and Rebif.RTM.), glatiramer
acetate, and mitoxantrone; a treatment for asthma such as albuterol
and montelukast; an agent for treating schizophrenia such as
zyprexa, risperdal, seroquel, and haloperidol; an anti-inflammatory
agent such as a corticosteroid, such as dexamethasone or
prednisone, a TNF blocker, IL-1 RA, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide,
and sulfasalazine; an immunomodulatory agent, including
immunosuppressive agents, such as cyclosporin, tacrolimus,
rapamycin, mycophenolate mofetil, an interferon, a corticosteroid,
cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and sulfasalazine; a neurotrophic
factor such as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, an MAO inhibitor,
an interferon, an anti-convulsant, an ion channel blocker,
riluzole, or an anti-Parkinson's agent; an agent for treating
cardiovascular disease such as a beta-blocker, an ACE inhibitor, a
diuretic, a nitrate, a calcium channel blocker, or a statin; an
agent for treating liver disease such as a corticosteroid,
cholestyramine, an interferon, and an anti-viral agent; an agent
for treating blood disorders such as a corticosteroid, an
anti-leukemic agent, or a growth factor; or an agent for treating
immunodeficiency disorders such as gamma globulin.
Formulation, Dosage Forms and Administration
[0203] When employed as pharmaceuticals, the compounds of the
invention can be administered in the form of pharmaceutical
compositions. These compositions can be prepared in a manner well
known in the pharmaceutical art, and can be administered by a
variety of routes, depending upon whether local or systemic
treatment is desired and upon the area to be treated.
Administration may be topical (including transdermal, epidermal,
ophthalmic and to mucous membranes including intranasal, vaginal
and rectal delivery), pulmonary (e.g., by inhalation or
insufflation of powders or aerosols, including by nebulizer;
intratracheal or intranasal), oral or parenteral. Parenteral
administration includes intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous,
intraperitoneal intramuscular or injection or infusion; or
intracranial, e.g., intrathecal or intraventricular,
administration. Parenteral administration can be in the form of a
single bolus dose, or may be, for example, by a continuous
perfusion pump. Pharmaceutical compositions and formulations for
topical administration may include transdermal patches, ointments,
lotions, creams, gels, drops, suppositories, sprays, liquids and
powders. Conventional pharmaceutical carriers, aqueous, powder or
oily bases, thickeners and the like may be necessary or
desirable.
[0204] This invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions
which contain, as the active ingredient, the compound of the
invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in
combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers
(excipients). In some embodiments, the composition is suitable for
topical administration. In making the compositions of the
invention, the active ingredient is typically mixed with an
excipient, diluted by an excipient or enclosed within such a
carrier in the form of, for example, a capsule, sachet, paper, or
other container. When the excipient serves as a diluent, it can be
a solid, semi-solid, or liquid material, which acts as a vehicle,
carrier or medium for the active ingredient. Thus, the compositions
can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, sachets,
cachets, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups,
aerosols (as a solid or in a liquid medium), ointments containing,
for example, up to 10% by weight of the active compound, soft and
hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions,
and sterile packaged powders.
[0205] In preparing a formulation, the active compound can be
milled to provide the appropriate particle size prior to combining
with the other ingredients. If the active compound is substantially
insoluble, it can be milled to a particle size of less than 200
mesh. If the active compound is substantially water soluble, the
particle size can be adjusted by milling to provide a substantially
uniform distribution in the formulation, e.g., about 40 mesh.
[0206] The compounds of the invention may be milled using known
milling procedures such as wet milling to obtain a particle size
appropriate for tablet formation and for other formulation types.
Finely divided (nanoparticulate) preparations of the compounds of
the invention can be prepared by processes known in the art, e.g.,
see International App. No. WO 2002/000196.
[0207] Some examples of suitable excipients include lactose,
dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starches, gum acacia,
calcium phosphate, alginates, tragacanth, gelatin, calcium
silicate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone,
cellulose, water, syrup, and methyl cellulose. The formulations can
additionally include: lubricating agents such as talc, magnesium
stearate, and mineral oil; wetting agents; emulsifying and
suspending agents; preserving agents such as methyl- and
propylhydroxy-benzoates; sweetening agents; and flavoring agents.
The compositions of the invention can be formulated so as to
provide quick, sustained or delayed release of the active
ingredient after administration to the patient by employing
procedures known in the art.
[0208] The compositions can be formulated in a unit dosage form,
each dosage containing from about 5 to about 1,000 mg (1 g), more
usually about 100 mg to about 500 mg, of the active ingredient. The
term "unit dosage forms" refers to physically discrete units
suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals,
each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material
calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in
association with a suitable pharmaceutical excipient.
[0209] The active compound may be effective over a wide dosage
range and is generally administered in a pharmaceutically effective
amount. It will be understood, however, that the amount of the
compound actually administered will usually be determined by a
physician, according to the relevant circumstances, including the
condition to be treated, the chosen route of administration, the
actual compound administered, the age, weight, and response of the
individual patient, the severity of the patient's symptoms, and the
like.
[0210] For preparing solid compositions such as tablets, the
principal active ingredient is mixed with a pharmaceutical
excipient to form a solid preformulation composition containing a
homogeneous mixture of a compound of the present invention. When
referring to these preformulation compositions as homogeneous, the
active ingredient is typically dispersed evenly throughout the
composition so that the composition can be readily subdivided into
equally effective unit dosage forms such as tablets, pills and
capsules. This solid preformulation is then subdivided into unit
dosage forms of the type described above containing from, for
example, about 0.1 to about 1000 mg of the active ingredient of the
present invention.
[0211] The tablets or pills of the present invention can be coated
or otherwise compounded to provide a dosage form affording the
advantage of prolonged action. For example, the tablet or pill can
comprise an inner dosage and an outer dosage component, the latter
being in the form of an envelope over the former. The two
components can be separated by an enteric layer which serves to
resist disintegration in the stomach and permit the inner component
to pass intact into the duodenum or to be delayed in release. A
variety of materials can be used for such enteric layers or
coatings, such materials including a number of polymeric acids and
mixtures of polymeric acids with such materials as shellac, cetyl
alcohol, and cellulose acetate.
[0212] The liquid forms in which the compounds and compositions of
the present invention can be incorporated for administration orally
or by injection include aqueous solutions, suitably flavored
syrups, aqueous or oil suspensions, and flavored emulsions with
edible oils such as cottonseed oil, sesame oil, coconut oil, or
peanut oil, as well as elixirs and similar pharmaceutical
vehicles.
[0213] Compositions for inhalation or insufflation include
solutions and suspensions in pharmaceutically acceptable, aqueous
or organic solvents, or mixtures thereof, and powders. The liquid
or solid compositions may contain suitable pharmaceutically
acceptable excipients as described supra. In some embodiments, the
compositions are administered by the oral or nasal respiratory
route for local or systemic effect. Compositions can be nebulized
by use of inert gases. Nebulized solutions may be breathed directly
from the nebulizing device or the nebulizing device can be attached
to a face masks tent, or intermittent positive pressure breathing
machine. Solution, suspension, or powder compositions can be
administered orally or nasally from devices which deliver the
formulation in an appropriate manner.
[0214] Topical formulations can contain one or more conventional
carriers. In some embodiments, ointments can contain water and one
or more hydrophobic carriers selected from, for example, liquid
paraffin, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, propylene glycol, white
vaseline, and the like. Carrier compositions of creams can be based
on water in combination with glycerol and one or more other
components, e.g., glycerinemonostearate, PEG-glycerinemonostearate
and cetylstearyl alcohol. Gels can be formulated using isopropyl
alcohol and water, suitably in combination with other components
such as, for example, glycerol, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and the
like. In some embodiments, topical formulations contain at least
about 0.1, at least about 0.25, at least about 0.5, at least about
1, at least about 2, or at least about 5 wt % of the compound of
the invention. The topical formulations can be suitably packaged in
tubes of, for example, 100 g which are optionally associated with
instructions for the treatment of the select indication, e.g.,
psoriasis or other skin condition.
[0215] The amount of compound or composition administered to a
patient will vary depending upon what is being administered, the
purpose of the administration, such as prophylaxis or therapy, the
state of the patient, the manner of administration, and the like.
In therapeutic applications, compositions can be administered to a
patient already suffering from a disease in an amount sufficient to
cure or at least partially arrest the symptoms of the disease and
its complications. Effective doses will depend on the disease
condition being treated as well as by the judgment of the attending
clinician depending upon factors such as the severity of the
disease, the age, weight and general condition of the patient, and
the like.
[0216] The compositions administered to a patient can be in the
form of pharmaceutical compositions described above. These
compositions can be sterilized by conventional sterilization
techniques, or may be sterile filtered. Aqueous solutions can be
packaged for use as is, or lyophilized, the lyophilized preparation
being combined with a sterile aqueous carrier prior to
administration. The pH of the compound preparations typically will
be between 3 and 11, more preferably from 5 to 9 and most
preferably from 7 to 8. It will be understood that use of certain
of the foregoing excipients, carriers, or stabilizers will result
in the formation of pharmaceutical salts.
[0217] The therapeutic dosage of a compound of the present
invention can vary according to, for example, the particular use
for which the treatment is made, the manner of administration of
the compound, the health and condition of the patient, and the
judgment of the prescribing physician. The proportion or
concentration of a compound of the invention in a pharmaceutical
composition can vary depending upon a number of factors including
dosage, chemical characteristics (e.g., hydrophobicity), and the
route of administration. For example, the compounds of the
invention can be provided in an aqueous physiological buffer
solution containing about 0.1 to about 10% w/v of the compound for
parenteral administration. Some typical dose ranges are from about
1 .mu.g/kg to about 1 g/kg of body weight per day. In some
embodiments, the dose range is from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100
mg/kg of body weight per day. The dosage is likely to depend on
such variables as the type and extent of progression of the disease
or disorder, the overall health status of the particular patient,
the relative biological efficacy of the compound selected,
formulation of the excipient, and its route of administration.
Effective doses can be extrapolated from dose-response curves
derived from in vitro or animal model test systems.
[0218] The compositions of the invention can further include one or
more additional pharmaceutical agents such as a chemotherapeutic,
steroid, anti-inflammatory compound, or immunosuppressant, examples
of which are listed hereinabove.
Labeled Compounds and Assay Methods
[0219] Another aspect of the present invention relates to labeled
compounds of the invention (radio-labeled, fluorescent-labeled,
etc.) that would be useful not only in imaging techniques but also
in assays, both in vitro and in vivo, for localizing and
quantitating LSD1 in tissue samples, including human, and for
identifying LSD1 ligands by inhibition binding of a labeled
compound. Accordingly, the present invention includes LSD1 assays
that contain such labeled compounds.
[0220] The present invention further includes isotopically-labeled
compounds of the invention. An "isotopically" or "radio-labeled"
compound is a compound of the invention where one or more atoms are
replaced or substituted by an atom having an atomic mass or mass
number different from the atomic mass or mass number typically
found in nature (i.e., naturally occurring). Suitable radionuclides
that may be incorporated in compounds of the present invention
include but are not limited to .sup.3H (also written as T for
tritium), .sup.11C, .sup.13C, .sup.14C, .sup.13N, .sup.15N,
.sup.15O, .sup.17O, .sup.18O, .sup.18F, .sup.35S, .sup.36Cl,
.sup.82Br, .sup.75Br, .sup.76Br, .sup.77Br, .sup.123I, .sup.124I,
.sup.125I and .sup.131I. The radionuclide that is incorporated in
the instant radio-labeled compounds will depend on the specific
application of that radio-labeled compound.
[0221] It is to be understood that a "radio-labeled " or "labeled
compound" is a compound that has incorporated at least one
radionuclide. In some embodiments the radionuclide is selected from
the group consisting of 3H, .sup.14C, .sup.125I, .sup.35S and
.sup.82Br. In some embodiments, the compound incorporates 1, 2, or
3 deuterium atoms.
[0222] The present invention can further include synthetic methods
for incorporating radio-isotopes into compounds of the invention.
Synthetic methods for incorporating radio-isotopes into organic
compounds are well known in the art, and an ordinary skill in the
art will readily recognize the methods applicable for the compounds
of invention.
[0223] A labeled compound of the invention can be used in a
screening assay to identify/evaluate compounds. For example, a
newly synthesized or identified compound (i.e., test compound)
which is labeled can be evaluated for its ability to bind LSD1 by
monitoring its concentration variation when contacting with LSD1,
through tracking of the labeling. For example, a test compound
(labeled) can be evaluated for its ability to reduce binding of
another compound which is known to bind to LSD1 (i.e., standard
compound). Accordingly, the ability of a test compound to compete
with the standard compound for binding to LSD1 directly correlates
to its binding affinity. Conversely, in some other screening
assays, the standard compound is labeled and test compounds are
unlabeled. Accordingly, the concentration of the labeled standard
compound is monitored in order to evaluate the competition between
the standard compound and the test compound, and the relative
binding affinity of the test compound is thus ascertained.
[0224] The invention will be described in greater detail by way of
specific examples. The following examples are offered for
illustrative purposes, and are not intended to limit the invention
in any manner. Those of skill in the art will readily recognize a
variety of non-critical parameters which can be changed or modified
to yield essentially the same results. The compounds of the
Examples were found to be inhibitors of LSD1 as described
below.
EXAMPLES
[0225] Experimental procedures for compounds of the invention are
provided below. Preparatory LC-MS purifications of some of the
compounds prepared were performed on Waters mass directed
fractionation systems. The basic equipment setup, protocols, and
control software for the operation of these systems have been
described in detail in the literature. See e.g. "Two-Pump At Column
Dilution Configuration for Preparative LC-MS", K. Blom, J. Combi.
Chem., 4, 295 (2002); "Optimizing Preparative LC-MS Configurations
and Methods for Parallel Synthesis Purification", K. Blom, R.
Sparks, J. Doughty, G. Everlof, T. Hague, A. Combs, J. Combi.
Chem., 5, 670 (2003); and "Preparative LC-MS Purification: Improved
Compound Specific Method Optimization", K. Blom, B. Glass, R.
Sparks, A. Combs, J. Combi. Chem., 6, 874-883 (2004). The compounds
separated were typically subjected to analytical liquid
chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) for purity check under the
following conditions: Instrument; Agilent 1100 series, LC/MSD,
Column: Waters Sunfire.TM. C.sub.18 5 .mu.m particle size,
2.1.times.5.0 mm, Buffers: mobile phase A: 0.025% TFA in water and
mobile phase B: acetonitrile; gradient 2% to 80% of B in 3 minutes
with flow rate 2.0 mL/minute.
[0226] Some of the compounds prepared were also separated on a
preparative scale by reverse-phase high performance liquid
chromatography (RP-HPLC) with MS detector or flash chromatography
(silica gel) as indicated in the Examples. Typical preparative
reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC)
column conditions are as follows:
[0227] pH=2 purifications: Waters Sunfire.TM. C.sub.18 5 .mu.m
particle size, 19.times.100 mm column, eluting with mobile phase A:
0.1% TFA (trifluoroacetic acid) in water and mobile phase B:
acetonitrile; the flow rate was 30 mL/minute, the separating
gradient was optimized for each compound using the Compound
Specific Method Optimization protocol as described in the
literature [see "Preparative LCMS Purification: Improved Compound
Specific Method Optimization", K. Blom, B. Glass, R. Sparks, A.
Combs, J. Comb. Chem., 6, 874-883 (2004)]. Typically, the flow rate
used with the 30.times.100 mm column was 60 mL/minute.
[0228] pH=10 purifications: Waters XBridge C.sub.18 5 .mu.m
particle size, 19.times.100 mm column, eluting with mobile phase A:
0.15% NH.sub.4OH in water and mobile phase B: acetonitrile; the
flow rate was 30 mL/minute, the separating gradient was optimized
for each compound using the Compound Specific Method Optimization
protocol as described in the literature [See "Preparative LCMS
Purification: Improved Compound Specific Method Optimization", K.
Blom, B. Glass, R. Sparks, A. Combs, J. Comb. Chem., 6, 874-883
(2004)]. Typically, the flow rate used with 30.times.100 mm column
was 60 mL/minute.
Example 1
4-{5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-[(3R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethoxy][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a-
]pyridin-6-yl}benzonitrile
##STR00012##
[0229] Step 1: 4-(6-amino-2-chloropyridin-3-yl)benzonitrile
##STR00013##
[0231] A reaction vessel containing a mixture of
5-bromo-6-chloropyridin-2-amine (415 mg, 2.00 mmol),
(4-cyanophenyl)boronic acid (353 mg, 2.40 mmol),
[1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]-dichloropalladium(II)
complexed with dichloromethane (1:1) (80 mg, 0.1 mmol) and
potassium carbonate (550 mg, 4.0 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (6 mL) and
water (1 mL) was evacuated then refilled with nitrogen. The
resulting mixture was heated to 80.degree. C. and stirred for 3 h.
The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature then diluted
with methylene chloride, washed with water, brine, dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was
purified on a silica gel column eluting with 0 to 30% EtOAc/DCM to
give the desired product as a white solid (320 mg, 71%). LC-MS
calculated for C.sub.12H.sub.9ClN.sub.3 (M+H).sup.+: m/z=230.0;
found 230.0.
Step 2: 4-[6-amino-2-(4-methylphenyl)pyridin-3-yl]benzonitrile
##STR00014##
[0233] A reaction vessel containing a mixture of
4-(6-amino-2-chloropyridin-3-yl)benzonitrile (320 mg, 1.39 mmol),
4-methyl-8-(4-methylphenyl)-2,6-dioxotetrahydro[1,3,2]oxazaborolo[2,3-b][-
1,3,2]oxazaborol-4-ium-8-uide (413 mg, 1.67 mmol),
[1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)
complexed with dichloromethane (1:1) (60 mg, 0.07 mmol), and
potassium carbonate (380 mg, 2.8 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (5 mL) and
water (1 mL) was evacuated then filled with nitrogen. The resulting
mixture was heated to 110.degree. C. and stirred overnight. The
mixture was cooled to room temperature then diluted with methylene
chloride, washed with saturated NaHCO.sub.3 aqueous solution,
water, brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and
concentrated. The residue was purified on a silica gel column
eluting with 0 to 30% EtOAc/DCM to give the desired product as a
light yellow solid (335 mg, 84%). LC-MS calculated for
C.sub.19H.sub.16N.sub.3 (M+H).sup.+: m/z=286.1; found 286.1.
Step 3:
4-[6-amino-5-bromo-2-(4-methylphenyl)pyridin-3-yl]benzonitrile
##STR00015##
[0235] To a mixture of
4-[6-amino-2-(4-methylphenyl)pyridin-3-yl]benzonitrile (335 mg,
1.17 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) at 0.degree. C. was added a
solution of N-bromosuccinimide (230 mg, 1.3 mmol) in
tetrahydrofuran (4 mL). The resulting yellow solution was stirred
at 0.degree. C. for 1.5 h then diluted with methylene chloride,
washed with saturated NaHCO.sub.3 aqueous solution, water, brine,
dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated. The residue
was purified on a silica gel column eluting with 0 to 30% EtOAc/DCM
to give the desired product as a yellow solid (432 mg, quant.).
LC-MS calculated for C.sub.19H.sub.15BrN.sub.3 (M+H).sup.+:
m/z=364.0; found 364.0.
Step 4:
N-[3-bromo-5-(4-cyanophenyl)-6-(4-methylphenyl)pyridin-2-yl]-N'-hy-
droxyimidoformamide
##STR00016##
[0237] To a mixture of
4-[6-amino-5-bromo-2-(4-methylphenyl)pyridin-3-yl]benzonitrile (275
mg, 0.755 mmol) in isopropyl alcohol (4 mL) was added
1,1-dimethoxy-N,N-dimethylmethanamine (0.20 mL, 1.5 mmol). The
mixture was heated to 95.degree. C. and stirred for 5 h. The
resulting yellow solution was cooled to 50.degree. C. then
hydroxylamine hydrochloride (160 mg, 2.3 mmol) was added. The
reaction mixture was stirred at 50.degree. C. overnight then cooled
to room temperature and concentrated. The residue was purified on a
silica gel column eluting with 0 to 10% MeOH/DCM to give the
desired product as a yellow solid. LC-MS calculated for
C.sub.20H.sub.16BrN.sub.4O (M+H).sup.+: m/z=407.1; found 407.0.
Step 5:
4-[8-bromo-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]be-
nzonitrile
##STR00017##
[0239] To a solution of
N-[3-bromo-5-(4-cyanophenyl)-6-(4-methylphenyl)pyridin-2-yl]-N'-hydroxyim-
idoformamide (307 mg, 0.754 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) at
0.degree. C. was added trifluoroacetic anhydride (180 .mu.L, 1.2
mmol). The resulting yellow solution was warmed to room temperature
and stirred overnight. The reaction was quenched with saturated
NaHCO.sub.3 aqueous solution then extracted with methylene
chloride. The combined extracts were washed with water and brine.
The organic layer was dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 then
concentrated. The residue was purified on a silica gel column
eluting with 0 to 20% EtOAc/DCM to give the desired product as a
yellow solid. LC-MS calculated for C.sub.20H.sub.14BrN.sub.4
(M+H).sup.+: m/z=389.0; found 389.1.
Step 6:
4-{5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-[(3R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethoxy][1,2,4]triazo-
lo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl}benzonitrile
[0240] A mixture of
4-[8-bromo-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonitr-
ile (176 mg, 0.452 mmol), tert-butyl
(3R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (182 mg, 0.904
mmol), .pi.-allylpalladium chloride dimer (8 mg, 0.02 mmol),
di-tert-butyl(2',4',6'-triisopropyl-3,6-dimethoxybiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine
(22 mg, 0.045 mmol) and cesium carbonate (221 mg, 0.678 mmol) in
toluene (6 mL) was evacuated then filled with nitrogen. The
resulting mixture was heated to 110.degree. C. and stirred
overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature then
diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined extracts
were washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 then concentrated. The residue was purified on a
silica gel column eluted with 0 to 50% EtOAc/DCM to give a yellow
solid, which was dissolved in methylene chloride (1.5 mL) then
trifluoroacetic acid (0.5 mL) was added. The resulting yellow
solution was stirred at room temperature for 30 min then
concentrated. The residue was dissolved in acetonitrile then
purified by prep HPLC (pH=2, acetonitrile/water+TFA) to give the
desired product as the TFA salt. LC-MS calculated for
C.sub.25H.sub.24N.sub.5O (M+H).sup.+: m/z=410.2; found 410.2.
Example 2
4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-(2-pyrrolidin-3-ylethyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyri-
din-6-yl]benzonitrile
##STR00018##
[0241] Step 1: tert-butyl 3-ethynylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
##STR00019##
[0243] To a solution of tert-butyl
3-formylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (580 mg, 2.91 mmol) in methanol
(15 mL) at room temperature was added potassium carbonate (1.00 g,
7.28 mmol) and dimethyl (1-diazo-2-oxopropyl)phosphonate (839 mg,
4.37 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature
for 3 h then passed through a short pad of celite and concentrated.
The residue was purified on a silica gel column eluting with 0 to
50% EtOAc/Hexanes to give the product as a colorless oil which
solidified upon standing in fridge to give a white solid (374 mg,
66%).
[0244] Step 2: tert-butyl
3-{[6-(4-cyanophenyl)-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-8-y-
l]ethynyl}pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
##STR00020##
[0245] A mixture of
4-[8-bromo-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonitr-
ile (Example 1, Step 5, 70. mg, 0.18 mmol), tert-butyl
3-ethynylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (53 mg, 0.27 mmol),
tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (21 mg, 0.018 mmol), and
copper(I) iodide (6.8 mg, 0.036 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (2
mL) was evacuated then filled with nitrogen. Then
N,N-diisopropylethylamine (94 .mu.L, 0.54 mmol) was added. The
resulting mixture was heated to 85.degree. C. and stirred for 4 h.
The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature then diluted
with EtOAc and washed with water and brine. The organic layer was
dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 then concentrated. The residue was
purified on a silica gel column eluting with 0 to 50% EtOAc/DCM to
give the desired product (62 mg, 68%). LC-MS calculated for
C.sub.31H.sub.30N.sub.5O.sub.2 (M+H).sup.+: m/z=504.2; found
504.2.
Step 3:
4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-(2-pyrrolidin-3-ylethyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,-
5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonitrile
[0246] To a solution of tert-butyl
3-{[6-(4-cyanophenyl)-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-8-y-
l]ethynyl}pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (62 mg, 0.12 mmol) in
tetrahydrofuran (3 mL) and methanol (3 mL) was added palladium (10
wt % on activated carbon, 26 mg, 0.025 mmol). The resulting mixture
was stirred under a balloon of hydrogen overnight. The mixture was
filtered through a short pad of celite then washed with THF. The
filtrate was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in 3 mL of
DCM then 1 mL of TFA was added. The resulting yellow solution was
stirred at room temperature for 1 h then concentrated. The residue
was dissolved in acetonitrile then purified by prep HPLC (pH=2,
acetonitrile/water+TFA) to give the desired product as the TFA
salt. LC-MS calculated for C.sub.26H.sub.26N.sub.5 (M+H).sup.+:
m/z=408.2; found 408.2.
Example 3
4-{5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)ethyl][1,2,4]triazolo[-
1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl}benzonitrile
##STR00021##
[0248] To a solution of
4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-(2-pyrrolidin-3-ylethyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyr-
idin-6-yl]benzonitrile (Example 2, Step 3, 14 mg, 0.034 mmol) in
tetrahydrofuran (2 mL) was added formaldehyde (37 wt % in water, 13
.mu.L, 0.17 mmol), followed by acetic acid (5.8 .mu.L, 0.10 mmol).
The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 h,
then sodium triacetoxyborohydride (22 mg, 0.10 mmol) was added. The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight then
filtered and purified by prep HPLC (pH=2, acetonitrile/water+TFA)
to give the desired product as the TFA salt. LC-MS calculated for
C.sub.27H.sub.28N.sub.5 (M+H).sup.+: m/z=422.2; found 422.3.
Example 4
4-[8-{3-[(methylamino)methyl]phenyl}-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-
-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonitrile
##STR00022##
[0249] Step 1:
4-[8-(3-formylphenyl)-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-y-
l]benzonitrile
##STR00023##
[0251] A mixture of
4-[8-bromo-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonitr-
ile (Example 1, Step 5, 53 mg, 0.14 mmol), (3-formylphenyl)boronic
acid (41 mg, 0.27 mmol),
[1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)
complexed with dichloromethane (1:1) (10 mg, 0.01 mmol), and
potassium carbonate (38 mg, 0.27 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) and
water (0.2 mL) was evacuated then filled with nitrogen. The
resulting mixture was heated to 90.degree. C. and stirred for 6 h.
The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature then diluted
with DCM, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified on a
silica gel column eluting with 0 to 20% EtOAc/DCM to give the
desired product as a yellow solid (45 mg, 80%). LC-MS calculated
for C.sub.27H.sub.19N.sub.4O (M+H).sup.+: m/z=415.2; found
415.2.
Step 2:
4-[8-{3-[(methylamino)methyl]phenyl}-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,4]tria-
zolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonitrile
[0252] To a solution of
4-[8-(3-formylphenyl)-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-y-
l]benzonitrile (15 mg, 0.036 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (2 mL) was
added methylamine (2M in THF, 90. .mu.L, 0.18 mmol), followed by
acetic acid (10. .mu.L, 0.18 mmol). The resulting mixture was
stirred at room temperature for 2 h, then sodium
triacetoxyborohydride (23 mg, 0.11 mmol) was added. The reaction
mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight then diluted with
THF, filtered and purified by prep HPLC (pH=2,
acetonitrile/water+TFA) to give the desired product as the TFA
salt. LC-MS calculated for C.sub.28H.sub.24N.sub.5 (M+H).sup.+:
m/z=430.2; found 430.2.
Example 5
4-[8-{3-[(3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,4]t-
riazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonitrile
##STR00024##
[0254] To a solution of
4-[8-(3-formylphenyl)-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-y-
l]benzonitrile (Example 4, Step 1, 15 mg, 0.036 mmol) in
tetrahydrofuran (2 mL) was added tert-butyl
pyrrolidin-3-ylcarbamate (20 mg, 0.11 mmol), followed by acetic
acid (10. .mu.L, 0.18 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at
room temperature for 2 h, then sodium triacetoxyborohydride (23 mg,
0.11 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room
temperature overnight. The mixture was diluted with DCM then washed
with saturated NaHCO.sub.3 aqueous solution. The organic layer was
dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 then concentrated. The residue was
dissolved in methylene chloride (1 mL) then trifluoroacetic acid (1
mL) was added. The resulting yellow solution was stirred at room
temperature for 1 h then concentrated. The residue was dissolved in
acetonitrile then purified by prep HPLC (pH=2,
acetonitrile/water+TFA) to give the desired product as the TFA
salt. LC-MS calculated for C.sub.31H.sub.29N.sub.6 (M+H).sup.+:
m/z=485.2; found 485.3.
Example 6
4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridi-
n-6-yl]benzonitrile
##STR00025##
[0255] Step 1:
4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-vinyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonitr-
ile
##STR00026##
[0257] A reaction vessel containing a mixture of
4-[8-bromo-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonitr-
ile (Example 1, Step 5, 338 mg, 0.868 mmol),
4-methyl-2,6-dioxo-8-vinyltetrahydro[1,3,2]oxazaborolo[2,3-b][1,3,2]oxaza-
borol-4-ium-8-uide (206 mg, 1.13 mmol),
[1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)
complexed with dichloromethane (1:1) (42 mg, 0.052 mmol), and
potassium carbonate (240 mg, 1.7 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (6 mL) and
water (2 mL) was evacuated then filled with nitrogen. The resulting
mixture was heated to 95.degree. C. and stirred for 2 h. The
mixture was cooled to room temperature then diluted with methylene
chloride, washed with saturated NaHCO.sub.3 aqueous solution, dried
over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was
purified on a silica gel column eluting with 0 to 30% EtOAc/DCM to
give the desired product as a yellow solid (225 mg, 77%). LC-MS
calculated for C.sub.22H.sub.17N.sub.4 (M+H).sup.+: m/z=337.1;
found 337.1.
Step 2:
4-[8-formyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]b-
enzonitrile
##STR00027##
[0259] To a solution of
4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-vinyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonitr-
ile (225 mg, 0.669 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) and water (3 mL)
was added osmium tetraoxide (4 wt % in water, 420 .mu.L, 0.067
mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10
min then sodium periodate (429 mg, 2.01 mmol) was added. The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The
reaction mixture was quenched with water then extracted with DCM.
The combined extracts were washed with water and brine then dried
over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated. The residue was purified on
a silica gel column eluting with 0 to 30% EtOAc/DCM to give the
desired product as a yellow solid (159 mg, 70%). LC-MS calculated
for C.sub.21H.sub.15N.sub.4O (M+H).sup.+: m/z=339.1; found
339.2.
Step 3:
4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5--
a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonitrile
[0260] To a solution of
4-[8-formyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonit-
rile (14 mg, 0.041 mmol) in methylene chloride (2 mL) was added
tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate (23 mg, 0.12 mmol), followed by
acetic acid (12 .mu.L, 0.21 mmol). The resulting mixture was
stirred at room temperature overnight then sodium
triacetoxyborohydride (26 mg, 0.12 mmol) was added. The reaction
mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h then diluted with
DCM and washed with saturated NaHCO.sub.3 aqueous solution. The
organic layer was dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 then concentrated.
The residue was dissolved in methylene chloride (1 mL) then
trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL) was added. The resulting yellow
solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 h then concentrated.
The residue was dissolved in acetonitrile then purified by prep
HPLC (pH=2, acetonitrile/water+TFA) to give the desired product as
the TFA salt. LC-MS calculated for C.sub.25H.sub.25N.sub.6
(M+H).sup.+: m/z=409.2; found 409.2.
Example 7
4-{5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl][1,2,4]triazolo[1,-
5-a]pyridin-6-yl}benzonitrile
##STR00028##
[0262] To a solution of
4-[8-formyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonit-
rile (Example 6, Step 2, 14 mg, 0.041 mmol) in methylene chloride
(2 mL) was added 1-methyl-piperazine (14 .mu.L, 0. 12 mmol),
followed by acetic acid (12 .mu.L, 0.21 mmol). The resulting
mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight then sodium
triacetoxyborohydride (26 mg, 0.12 mmol) was added. The reaction
mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h then diluted with
DCM and washed with saturated NaHCO.sub.3 aqueous solution. The
organic layer was dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 then concentrated.
The residue was dissolved in acetonitrile then purified by prep
HPLC (pH=2, acetonitrile/water+TFA) to give the desired product as
the TFA salt. LC-MS calculated for C.sub.26H.sub.27N.sub.6
(M+H).sup.+: m/z=423.2; found 423.3.
Example 8
4-[8-{[(3S)-3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl}-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,-
2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonitrile
##STR00029##
[0264] To a solution of
4-[8-formyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonit-
rile (Example 6, Step 2, 57 mg, 0.17 mmol) in methylene chloride
(3.0 mL) was added (3S)-N,N-dimethylpyrrolidin-3-amine (TCI, Cat
#D2193: 64 .mu.L, 0.50 mmol), followed by acetic acid (28 .mu.L,
0.50 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature
for 1 h, then sodium triacetoxyborohydride (71 mg, 0.34 mmol) was
added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h
then diluted with DCM and washed with saturated NaHCO.sub.3 aqueous
solution. The organic layer was dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 then
concentrated. The residue was dissolved in acetonitrile then
purified by prep HPLC (pH=2, acetonitrile/water+TFA) to give the
desired product as the TFA salt. LCMS calculated for
C.sub.27H.sub.29N.sub.6 (M+H).sup.+: m/z=437.2; Found: 437.2.
.sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) .delta.8.53 (s, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.79
(d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H),
7.22 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.97 (br, 1H), 3.38 (br, 2H),
3.27 (br, 1H), 3.09 (br, 1H), 2.78 (s, 6H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.29 (br,
1H), 2.19-2.08 (m, 1H).
Example 9
4-[8-{[(3R)-3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl}-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,-
2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonitrile
##STR00030##
[0266] This compound was prepared using procedures analogous to
those described for Example 8 with
(3R)-N,N-dimethylpyrrolidin-3-amine replacing
(3S)-N,N-dimethylpyrrolidin-3-amine. The compound was purified by
prep HPLC (pH=2, acetonitrile/water+TFA) to give the desired
product as the TFA salt. LCMS calculated for
C.sub.27H.sub.29N.sub.6 (M+H).sup.+: m/z=437.2; Found: 436.7.
Example 10
4-[8-{[(3S)-3-(methylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl}-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,-
4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonitrile
##STR00031##
[0268] To a solution of
4-[8-formyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonit-
rile (Example 6, Step 2, 6.0 mg, 0.018 mmol) in methylene chloride
(1.0 mL) was added tert-butyl methyl[(3S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl]carbamate
(18 mg, 0.089 mmol), followed by acetic acid (10 .mu.L, 0.18 mmol).
The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight,
then sodium triacetoxyborohydride (11 mg, 0.053 mmol) was added.
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h then
diluted with DCM and washed with saturated NaHCO.sub.3 aqueous
solution. The organic layer was dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 then
concentrated. The residue was dissolved in methylene chloride (1
mL) then trifluoroacetic acid (0.5 mL) was added. The resulting
yellow solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 h then
concentrated. The residue was dissolved in acetonitrile then
purified by prep HPLC (pH=2, acetonitrile/water+TFA) to give the
desired product as the TFA salt. LCMS calculated for
C.sub.26H.sub.27N.sub.6 (M+H).sup.+: m/z=423.2; Found: 423.2.
Example 11
4-[8-{[(3R)-3-(methylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl}-5-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,-
4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl]benzonitrile
##STR00032##
[0270] This compound was prepared using procedures analogous to
those described for Example 10 with tert-butyl
methyl[(3R)-pyrrolidin-3-yl]carbamate replacing tert-butyl
methyl[(3S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl]carbamate. The compound was purified by
prep HPLC (pH=2, acetonitrile/water+TFA) to give the desired
product as the TFA salt. LCMS calculated for
C.sub.26H.sub.27N.sub.6 (M+H).sup.+: m/z=423.2; Found: 423.1.
Example 12
4-{5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-[(3R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethoxy][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a-
]pyrazin-6-yl}benzonitrile
##STR00033##
[0271] Step 1: 4-(5-amino-3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)benzonitrile
##STR00034##
[0273] A mixture of 5-bromo-6-chloropyrazin-2-amine (1.04 g, 5.00
mmol), (4-cyanophenyl)boronic acid (0.882 g, 6.00 mmol),
dichloro(bis{di-tert-butyl[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]phosphoranyl})palladiu-
m (110 mg, 0.15 mmol), sodium carbonate (1.06 g, 10.0 mmol) in
1,4-dioxane (12.0 mL) and water (2.0 mL) was evacuated then filled
with nitrogen. The resulting mixture was stirred at 90.degree. C.
for 4 h then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was diluted
with methylene chloride (15 mL) and water (5 mL). The precipitates
were collected by filtration and washed with methyl t-butyl ether
then dried to afford the desired product (1.05 g, 91%). LC-MS
calculated for C.sub.11H.sub.8ClN.sub.4 (M+H).sup.+: m/z=231.0;
found 231.1.
Step 2: 4-[5-amino-3-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazin-2-yl]benzonitrile
##STR00035##
[0275] A reaction vessel containing a mixture of
4-(5-amino-3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)benzonitrile (1.15 g, 5.00 mmol),
(4-methylphenyl)boronic acid (0.86 g, 6.4 mmol), sodium carbonate
(1.06 g, 10.0 mmol), and
[1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)
complexed with dichloromethane (1:1) (0.20 g, 0.25 mmol) in
1,4-dioxane (20.0 mL) and water (4.0 mL) was evacuated then
refilled with nitrogen. The resulting mixture was stirred at
110.degree. C. for 3 h then cooled to room temperature. The mixture
was diluted with methylene chloride, washed with saturated
NaHCO.sub.3 aqueous solution, water and brine. The organic layer
was dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and concentrated under
reduced pressure. The residue was treated with DCM/diethyl-ether
(1:1). The precipitate was collected by filtration to afford the
desired product (0.61 g). The filtrate was concentrated and the
residue was purified by flash chromatography on a silica gel column
eluting with 0 to 100% EtOAc/DCM to afford another batch of the
product (0.60 g). LC-MS calculated for C.sub.18H.sub.15N.sub.4
(M+H).sup.+: m/z=287.1; found 287.1.
Step 3:
4-[5-amino-6-bromo-3-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazin-2-yl]benzonitrile
##STR00036##
[0277] To a solution of
4-[5-amino-3-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazin-2-yl]benzonitrile (2.40 g,
8.38 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (36 mL) at 0.degree. C. was added
N-bromosuccinimide (1.64 g, 9.22 mmol). The resulting mixture was
stirred at 0.degree. C. for 1 h then warmed to room temperature.
The mixture was diluted with methylene chloride, washed with
saturated NaHCO.sub.3 aqueous solution, water, and brine. The
organic layer was dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and
concentrated. The residue was purified on a silica gel column
eluting with 0 to 60% EtOAc/DCM to give the desired product (2.8 g,
92%). LC-MS calculated for C.sub.18H.sub.14BrN.sub.4 (M+H).sup.+:
m/z=365.0; found 365.0.
Step 4: tert-butyl
(3R)-3-({[3-amino-6-(4-cyanophenyl)-5-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazin-2-yl]oxy}me-
thyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
##STR00037##
[0279] To a solution of tert-butyl
(3R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (2.06 g, 10.2 mmol)
in tetrahydrofuran (25 mL) at room temperature was added NaH (60
wt. % in mineral oil, 413 mg, 17.2 mmol). The resulting mixture was
stirred at room temperature for 30 min then
4-[5-amino-6-bromo-3-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazin-2-yl]benzonitrile
(1.50 g, 4.10 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at
85.degree. C. for 15 h then cooled to room temperature. The mixture
was quenched with saturated NaHCO.sub.3 aqueous solution and
extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified on a
silica gel column eluting with 10 to 40% EtOAc/DCM to give the
product as a yellow solid. LC-MS calculated for
C.sub.24H.sub.24N.sub.5O.sub.3 (M-tBu+2H).sup.-: m/z=430.2; found
430.1.
Step 5:
4-{5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-[(3R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethoxy][1,2,4]triazo-
lo[1,5-a]pyrazin-6-yl}benzonitrile
[0280] A mixture of tert-butyl
(3R)-3-({[3-amino-6-(4-cyanophenyl)-5-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazin-2-yl]oxy}me-
thyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.2 mmol) and
1,1-dimethoxy-N,N-dimethylmethanamine (137 .mu.L, 1.03 mmol) in
isopropyl alcohol (1.5 mL) was heated to 95.degree. C. and stirred
for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature then
concentrated. The residue was dissolved in methanol (1.5 mL) and
cooled to 0.degree. C. then pyridine (50. .mu.L, 0.62 mmol) was
added, followed by hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (58 mg, 0.51
mmol). The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and
stirred overnight. The mixture was then quenched with saturated
NaHCO.sub.3 solution and extracted with EtOAc. The combined
extracts were dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and then concentrated.
The residue was purified on a silica gel column to give the desired
intermediate, which was then dissolved in methylene chloride (1.5
mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (0.5 mL) was added. The mixture was
stirred at room temperature for 1 h and then concentrated. The
crude material was then purified by prep-HPLC (pH=2,
acetonitrile/water+TFA) to give the desired product as the TFA
salt. LC-MS calculated for C.sub.24H.sub.23N.sub.6O (M+H).sup.+:
m/z=411.2; found 411.2. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) .delta.8.86
(br, 2H), 8.61 (s, 1H), 7.80-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.57-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.31
(d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 4.69-4.56 (m, 2H),
3.48-3.38 (m, 1H), 3.38-3.18 (m, 2H), 3.16-3.06 (m, 1H), 2.98-2.87
(m, 1H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.22-2.12 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.80 (m, 1H).
Example 13
4-(5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-{[(3R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl]methoxy}[1,2,4]tria-
zolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-6-yl)benzonitrile
##STR00038##
[0282] To a solution of
4-{5-(4-methylphenyl)-8-[(3R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethoxy][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5--
a]pyrazin-6-yl}benzonitrile (Example 12: 10 mg, 0.02 mmol) in
methylene chloride (1.5 mL) was added formaldehyde (37 wt. % in
water, 18.1 .mu.L, 0.244 mmol), followed by acetic acid (6.9 .mu.L,
0.12 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature
for 3 h then sodium triacetoxyborohydride (26 mg, 0.12 mmol) was
added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for
another 2 h then concentrated. The resulting residue was then
purified by prep HPLC (pH=2, acetonitrile/water+TFA) to give the
desired product as the TFA salt. LC-MS calculated for
C.sub.25H.sub.25N.sub.6O (M+H).sup.+: m/z=425.2; found 425.2.
Example A
LSD1 Histone Demethylase Biochemical Assay
[0283] LANCE LSD1/KDM1A demethylase assay--10 .mu.L of 1 nM LSD-1
enzyme (ENZO BML-SE544-0050) in the assay buffer (50 mM Tris, pH
7.5, 0.01% Tween-20, 25 mM NaCl, 5 mM DTT) were preincubated for 1
hour at 25.degree. C. with 0.8 .mu.L compound/DMSO dotted in black
384 well polystyrene plates. Reactions were started by addition of
10 .mu.L of assay buffer containing 0.4 .mu.M Biotin-labeled
Histone H3 peptide substrate:
ART-K(Me1)-QTARKSTGGKAPRKQLA-GGK(Biotin) SEQ ID NO:1 (AnaSpec
64355) and incubated for 1 hour at 25.degree. C. Reactions were
stopped by addition of 10 .mu.L 1.times. LANCE Detection Buffer
(PerkinElmer CR97-100) supplemented with 1.5 nM Eu-anti-unmodified
H3K4 Antibody (PerkinElmer TRF0404), and 225 nM LANCE Ultra
Streptavidin (PerkinElmer TRF102) along with 0.9 mM
Tranylcypromine-HCl (Millipore 616431). After stopping the
reactions plates were incubated for 30 minutes and read on a
PHERAstar FS plate reader (BMG Labtech). IC.sub.50 data for the
example compounds is provided in Table 1 (+ refers to
IC.sub.50.ltoreq.50 nM; ++ refers to IC.sub.50>50 nM and
.ltoreq.100 nM; +++ refers to IC.sub.50>50 nM and .ltoreq.100
nM; ++++ refers to IC.sub.50>500 nM and .ltoreq.1000 nM).
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Example No. IC.sub.50 (nM) 1 + 2 + 3 ++ 4
+++ 5 ++ 6 +++ 7 +++ 8 + 9 ++ 10 + 11 + 12 + 13 +++
[0284] Various modifications of the invention, in addition to those
described herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from
the foregoing description. Such modifications are also intended to
fall within the scope of the appended claims. Each reference,
including all patent, patent applications, and publications, cited
in the present application is incorporated herein by reference in
its entirety.
Sequence CWU 1
1
1120PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic peptide 1Gln Thr Ala Arg Lys
Ser Thr Gly Gly Lys Ala Pro Arg Lys Gln Leu1 5 10 15 Ala Gly Gly
Lys 20
* * * * *