U.S. patent application number 15/272996 was filed with the patent office on 2017-12-21 for main stage in-line pressure control cartridge with optional reverse flow function.
The applicant listed for this patent is David E. Albrecht, David E. Albrecht, JR.. Invention is credited to David E. Albrecht, David E. Albrecht, JR..
Application Number | 20170363217 15/272996 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51521970 |
Filed Date | 2017-12-21 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170363217 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Albrecht; David E. ; et
al. |
December 21, 2017 |
Main Stage In-Line Pressure Control Cartridge with Optional Reverse
Flow Function
Abstract
A main stage in-line pressure control cartridge. The cartridge
selectively controls flow in-line in the same direction as opposed
to directing flow at a 90 degree angle like other cartridges. A
tubular poppet can be mounted into a body and has a sliding control
sleeve that can expose radial holes in the poppet to an open
position and to seal the radial holes in a closed position. The
cartridge can be configured in numerous ways in order to serve many
functions, such as a pressure relief valve, a counterbalance valve,
and a flow control valve. The cartridge can also be configured to
allow or prevent reverse flow.
Inventors: |
Albrecht; David E.; (Blue
Bell, PA) ; Albrecht, JR.; David E.; (Schwenksville,
PA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Albrecht; David E.
Albrecht, JR.; David E. |
Blue Bell
Schwenksville |
PA
PA |
US
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
51521970 |
Appl. No.: |
15/272996 |
Filed: |
September 22, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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14670870 |
Mar 27, 2015 |
9482355 |
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15272996 |
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13841558 |
Mar 15, 2013 |
9091355 |
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14670870 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
Y10T 137/7738 20150401;
F16K 17/10 20130101; Y10T 137/0379 20150401; F16K 17/04 20130101;
F16K 17/046 20130101; G05D 7/005 20130101; F16K 17/26 20130101;
G05D 7/0133 20130101; F16K 17/196 20130101; G05D 7/014 20130101;
Y10T 137/0396 20150401 |
International
Class: |
F16K 17/10 20060101
F16K017/10; F16K 17/04 20060101 F16K017/04; F16K 17/26 20060101
F16K017/26; F16K 17/196 20060101 F16K017/196; G05D 7/01 20060101
G05D007/01; G05D 7/00 20060101 G05D007/00 |
Claims
1. An apparatus, comprising: tubular poppet means comprising a
first end and a second end; a hole set means in the tubular poppet;
a control sleeve means attached to the second end, the control
sleeve configured to slide from the second end to a control sleeve
stopping point on the tubular poppet towards the first end in open
position; and a spring means positioned around the tubular poppet
and configured such that the spring naturally pushes the control
sleeve towards the second end in a closed position.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a divisional application of Ser. No.
13/841,558, filed on Mar. 15, 2013, which is incorporated by
reference herein in its entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
[0002] The present general inventive concept is directed to a
method and apparatus, and directed to a main stage cartridge.
Description of the Related Art
[0003] One trend in modern hydraulics is towards higher operating
pressures in order to provide more work with a smaller actuator.
There is also a desire to minimize energy consumption.
[0004] Currently, there is widespread use of hydraulic cartridge
valve technology. Hydraulic cartridge valves do have high insertion
losses due to small fluid passages coupled with multiple fluid
directional changes
[0005] Hydraulic cartridge valves in present use are either of
screw-in or slip-in construction. Screw-in cartridges are threaded
into a cavity. The torque required to pre-load the cartridge in its
cavity can be substantial in a larger valve. For example, a
screw-in cartridge valve rated for a nominal flow of 200 gpm can
have a pre-load torque requirement of 375 foot-pounds.
[0006] Slip-in cartridge valves, known as 2/2 valves or logic
valves, are generally held in a cavity by a cover plate retained
with socket head cap screws. The pre-load torques are much lower
for a given nominal flow size. Most are designed to be used within
cavities defined by standards DIN 24342 and ISO 7368.
[0007] For both screw-in and slip-in cartridge valves, the typical
axis of fluid discharge is offset 90 degrees from the axis of fluid
inlet.
[0008] Hydraulic cartridge valves currently utilize either a poppet
or spool construction. Spool type hydraulic valves have
disadvantages at higher pressures due to leakage between the valve
sleeve and spool. Close fits are desired to minimize (but not
eliminate) leakage. Despite this leakage may be unacceptably high
as system working pressures increase. This results in wasted energy
and heat as high-pressure hydraulic fluid is discharged to lower
pressure without doing any useful work.
[0009] Silting is also a problem. Spool valves are vulnerable to
fine fluid contamination. Debris deposited between the spool and
the sleeve may result in erratic valve shifting, or the valve not
shifting at all. Continuous leakage is present in spool type
valves, even when the valve is closed, representing a continuous
loss of energy.
[0010] Therefore, what is needed is a cartridge valve that can
improve upon the deficiencies of the prior art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] It is an aspect of the present invention to provide an
improved in-line cartridge valve.
[0012] These together with other aspects and advantages which will
be subsequently apparent, reside in the details of construction and
operation as more fully hereinafter described and claimed,
reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming a part
hereof, wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] Further features and advantages of the present invention, as
well as the structure and operation of various embodiments of the
present invention, will become apparent and more readily
appreciated from the following description of the preferred
embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of
which:
[0014] FIG. 1A shows an end view of the body with a control or
pilot module, the body which receives any cartridge of the present
invention, according to an embodiment;
[0015] FIG. 1B shows a top view of the body with a control module,
according to an embodiment;
[0016] FIG. 1C shows a cross section of the body with a cartridge
inserted, according to an embodiment;
[0017] FIG. 2A shows a thread-in valve assembly, according to an
embodiment;
[0018] FIG. 2B shows a cross section of a body used to house a
thread-in valve assembly, according to an embodiment;
[0019] FIG. 3A shows a slip-in valve assembly, according to an
embodiment;
[0020] FIG. 3B shows a cross section of a body used to house a
slip-in valve assembly, according to an embodiment;
[0021] FIG. 4 shows a tubular poppet of a thread-in assembly,
according to an embodiment;
[0022] FIG. 5A shows a slip-in tubular poppet without a retainer
collar control sleeve, or spring, according to an embodiment;
[0023] FIG. 5B shows a cross section of a tubular poppet, according
to an embodiment;
[0024] FIG. 5C shows a cross section of a tubular poppet showing
radial holes at an angle, according to an embodiment;
[0025] FIG. 6 shows a slip-in tubular poppet without a retainer
collar, control sleeve, spring or seal, with a cone-shaped nose,
according to an embodiment;
[0026] FIG. 7A shows a top view of the control sleeve, according to
an embodiment;
[0027] FIG. 7B shows a side view of the control sleeve, according
to an embodiment;
[0028] FIG. 7C shows a cross section of the control sleeve,
according to an embodiment;
[0029] FIG. 8A shows a side view of a retainer collar, according to
an embodiment;
[0030] FIG. 8B shows a top view of the retainer collar, according
to an embodiment;
[0031] FIG. 8C shows a cross section of the retainer collar,
according to an embodiment;
[0032] FIG. 9 shows a cross section of the tubular poppet with the
retainer collar, control sleeve, and spring, according to an
embodiment;
[0033] FIG. 10 shows a cross section of a slip-in valve assembly
inside a body with forward flow, according to an embodiment;
[0034] FIG. 11 shows a cross section of a slip-in valve assembly
inside a body in a neutral position, according to an
embodiment;
[0035] FIG. 12 shows a cross section of a slip-in valve assembly
inside a body with reverse flow, according to an embodiment;
[0036] FIG. 13A is an orthographic view illustrating a front view
of a slip-in valve assembly in a closed position, according to an
embodiment;
[0037] FIG. 13B is an orthographic view illustrating a front view
of a slip-in valve assembly in assembly in open position, according
to an embodiment;
[0038] FIG. 13C is an orthographic view illustrating the tubular
poppet opening of a slip-in valve assembly, according to an
embodiment;
[0039] FIG. 13D is an orthographic side view illustrating a slip-in
valve assembly, according to an embodiment;
[0040] FIG. 14A is an orthographic view illustrating a front of a
body and control module, according to an embodiment;
[0041] FIG. 14B is an orthographic view illustrating a back of a
body and control module, according to an embodiment;
[0042] FIG. 15 is a cross section showing a thread-in assembly
installed within a valve body, according to an embodiment;
[0043] FIG. 16 is a cross section showing the alternate slip in
assembly (with the retainer collar) installed within a valve body,
according to an embodiment;
[0044] FIG. 17 is a cross section illustration an example of a
check valve configuration with control sleeve seals, according to
an embodiment;
[0045] FIG. 18 is a cross section illustration of the check valve
configuration with control sleeve seals in an open position,
according to an embodiment;
[0046] FIG. 19 is a cross section illustration of the check valve
configuration with control sleeve seals with an external drain,
according to an embodiment;
[0047] FIG. 20 is a cross section illustration of a valve assembly
with an external pilot signal, according to an embodiment;
[0048] FIG. 21 is a cross section illustration of a valve assembly
with an internal pilot signal, according to an embodiment;
[0049] FIG. 22 is a cross section illustrating an internally
piloted, internally drained relief valve with the reverse flow
option, according to an embodiment;
[0050] FIG. 23 is a cross section illustration of a valve assembly
with a remote control, according to an embodiment;
[0051] FIG. 24 is a cross section illustration of a valve assembly
with a remote control connected to a 2-position, 2-way valve
configured as a vented relief valve, according to an
embodiment;
[0052] FIG. 25A is a cross section illustration illustrating a
slip-in insert and valve body configured to provide flow control
function, according to an embodiment; and
[0053] FIG. 25B is a cross section illustration of a slip in
assembly including a tubular poppet configured to provide flow
control function, according to an embodiment.
[0054] Note that any portion of any part not explicitly shown in
the drawings can be assumed to have a same structure as the visible
corresponding/symmetrical portions of the part (unless such
assumption would render the invention inoperative). Some figures
illustrate cross-section views and (unless otherwise stated) other
slices of the part(s) follow the same structure/pattern as the
illustrated cross-section (unless such assumption would render the
invention inoperative). Common sense can also be used to augment
the figures knowing that the structure of the figures (and hence
the invention) must be consistent with the stated operation(s)
described herein. Thus, the figures can be augmented with any
feature (described herein or not) which would be needed to render
the invention operative.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0055] Reference will now be made in detail to the presently
preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are
illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference
numerals refer to like elements throughout.
[0056] This invention is of a new pilot controlled two port
straight flow thru hydraulic poppet valve with and without reverse
flow capabilities. Control of the internal and external pilot flow
together with control of the internal and external drain flow
determines the function of the main poppet.
[0057] Note that fluid as used herein refers to any type of
hydraulic fluid typically used in the art, including a fluid based
on any kind of oil, mineral oil, water, and any commercially
available hydraulic fluid such as SKYDROL, etc.
[0058] Existing hydraulic cartridge technology may be used to pilot
or control the new main stage valve design. As the size and flow
requirements of the pilot stage are small compared to the main
stage, lost energy resulting from leakage and pressure drop may be
minimized.
[0059] The new valve design has a positive metal-to-metal seal, and
does not rely on very close clearance to minimize leakage and
energy loss across the main flow stage. Larger clearances make the
new valve design more resistant to the effects of dirt and
contamination. The metal sealing minimizes or eliminates leakage
associated with the valve in the closed position.
[0060] Socket head cap screws may be used to secure the valve in
place, with relatively low pre-load torque requirements, when
compared to a similarly sized screw-in cartridge.
[0061] The in-line orientation of the valve of the current
invention is conducive to `sandwiching` the main valve element
between two components. Orientation of the fluid flow at the valve
inlet and discharge is the same, as opposed to the 90 degree
discharge offset associated with existing hydraulic cartridge
designs.
[0062] Although the invention can be made to a variety of sizes,
those depicted are optimized for use with the proprietary Unified
Code 61 4-bolt flange standard disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,715,798
(which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). Valves
made for use with nominal port sizes 08, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 32 are
made to the Unified Code 61 4-bolt standard. Sizes 40 and 48 are
made to an industry Code 62 standard.
[0063] There are many advantages of putting valve and piping
elements in line as stackable modular components using this
standard, including but not limited to the use of high strength
socket head cap screws as opposed to hex head cap screws in order
to obtain higher working pressures in the same or smaller pressure
containing envelope, the use of O-ring face sealing as a superior
method to threaded connections, and how the use of this standard
reduces leakage, labor costs, and system volume.
[0064] The valves illustrated in this patent are designed for
hydraulic applications with operating pressures up to 5000 psi (350
bar). The valve assemblies described herein can be customized to
further improve hydraulic systems that require other specific
maximum hydraulic system pressures.
[0065] FIG. 1A shows an end view of the body 0001 which receives
(in a channel 0002 which passes through the entire body, although
the bore is stepped so the diameter shown does not pass through the
entire body) any cartridge of the present invention. The bolt
mounting pattern shown can be a typical SAE 4-bolt mounting pattern
that is common in the industry, and for which the slip in
cartridges are designed for use with. FIG. 1B shows a top view of
the body 0001 with a control module 0010.
[0066] The sizes of straight flow through valves made to the
teaching of this invention are favorable when compared to that of
90-degree discharge slip in cartridges in common use today. FIGS.
0A and 0B show end and side view of the envelopes of valves made to
the teachings of this invention, including a pilot control valve.
Dimensions (in inches) corresponding to the overall valve envelope,
mounting pattern, bore diameter to receive the valve cartridge, and
nominal flow rating at 40 psi pressure drop, are listed in Table 1
as follows:
TABLE-US-00001 NOMINAL NOMINAL RATED SIZE B W H E C L FLOW (GPM) 8
0.939 1.75 2.00 1.500 0.688 2.88 20.8 12 1.251 2.06 2.56 1.875
0.875 3.42 38.5 16 1.345 2.25 2.75 2.062 1.031 3.38 51 20 1.501
2.75 3.00 2.312 1.188 3.38 65 24 1.626 3.00 3.50 2.750 1.406 4.13
89 32 1.876 3.00 4.00 3.062 1.688 4.88 110 40 2.126 4.38 6.00 3.500
2.000 5.25 150 48 2.439 5.38 7.50 4.188 2.438 5.75 200
[0067] Valves made to the teachings of this invention have a higher
`power density`, or a better ability to transmit horsepower for a
given unit of size. This is important given the trend in the
hydraulic industry, particularly the mobile hydraulic industry, to
provide more power with less weight.
[0068] FIG. 1C shows a cross section of the body with a cartridge
inserted. A cartridge 0015 is inserted into the channel in the body
0001. FIG. 1C also show various nominal flow areas of slip-in
cartridges made to the teachings of this invention for different
nominal sizes. Table 2 is a tabular list of these areas:
TABLE-US-00002 NOMINAL AREA (SQUARE INCHES) SIZE A B C D E F 8
0.221 0.130 0.353 0.148 0.109 0.221 12 0.442 0.249 0.627 0.259
0.300 0.442 16 0.518 0.338 0.681 0.344 0.392 0.690 20 0.519 0.442
0.883 0.443 0.491 0.887 24 0.785 0.601 0.969 0.616 0.614 1.108 32
1.108 0.887 1.141 0.742 0.748 1.623 40 1.485 1.227 1.476 1.118
1.010 2.159 48 2.074 1.623 1.909 1.571 1.360 2.761
[0069] In one embodiment a thread-in valve assembly is used (see
FIGS. 1A and 1B), while in another embodiment a slip-in valve
assembly can be used (see FIGS. 2A and 2B). Regardless of whether
the thread-in valve assembly or the slip-in valve assembly is used,
many of the components described herein can be used interchangeably
with each version. The thread-in valve assembly and slip-in valve
assembly can each be used for different purposes, for example the
slip-in valve assembly can be used to allow for two-way flow.
[0070] FIG. 2A shows a thread-in valve assembly, according to an
embodiment.
[0071] A tubular poppet 0101 is integrally connecting to a threaded
end 0102. The threaded end 0102 and the tubular poppet 0101 have a
hollow central region for fluid flow. The threaded end 0102 is
configured for threaded engagement within a cooperating thread in a
valve body. Alternatively, the tubular poppet 0101 can be engaged
into the valve body through an interference fit or the like. A seal
can be used adjacent the threaded end 0102.
[0072] The tubular poppet 0101 has an expanded end that forms a
conical seat 0105 for mating opposition to the control sleeve 0103.
The seat 0105 can also have a spherical or other geometry. The seat
0105 prevents any fluid inside the central region from escaping out
the side opposite the side with the threaded end 102, or vice versa
thus in the closed position (shown) fluid can only enter/leave the
valve assembly through the threaded end 0102. Adjacent to the seat
0105 are radially oriented holes (not shown in FIG. 2A) that extend
from the outer diameter of the tubular poppet 0101 to the inner
diameter of the tubular poppet 0101. The radially oriented holes
can also be angled forward from inside to outside to improve flow
characteristics. The outer diameter of the tubular poppet 0101 has
limit rings (control sleeve limit ring 403, first retainer collar
limit ring 401, and second retainer collar limit ring 402) to limit
the movement of the control sleeve (and the retainer collar in the
embodiment that uses the retainer collar, see FIG. 3A).
[0073] A control sleeve 0103 abuts to a spring 0104 which wraps
around the tubular poppet 0101. Oil grooves 0106 are present on the
control sleeve 0103 that serve to center the control sleeve within
its corresponding bore in the valve body. The control sleeve 0103
is configured to slide along the length of the tubular poppet 0101
between the seat and the limit ring 403 (see FIG. 5B). The spring
0104 is configured to naturally push the control sleeve 0103 closed
(to the right in FIG. 2A). Fluid pressure coming from right to left
(in FIG. 2A) pressing against a forward face 0107 of the control
sleeve 0103 will urge the control sleeve 0103 to slide to the left
towards the threaded end (when the pressure overcomes the force of
the spring 0104 as well as any pressure induced force acting on
face 108 of the control sleeve) and hence into an open position
(not shown in FIG. 2A). In the threaded embodiment, the spring is
sandwiched between the control sleeve and the bottom of a control
cavity in the body that the tubular poppet is located in. If the
tubular poppet is removed from the body, the spring can be removed
from the poppet.
[0074] The control sleeve 0103 and the tubular poppet 0101 can be
hardened for wear resistance. The control sleeve 0103 is annular.
The inner diameter of the control sleeve 0103 is slightly greater
than the outer diameter of the tubular poppet 0101 so that the
control sleeve 0103 can move axially on the tubular poppet 0101.
The control sleeve 0103 has the forward face 0107, and a control
face 0108. In the closed position, the internal diameter of forward
face 0107 contacts a region of the tubular poppet 0101, forming a
metal to metal seal, in order to prevent the flow of high-pressure
fluid into the central region of the tubular poppet 0101. Note that
when the control sleeve is in the closed position, the inner
diameter of the control sleeve makes a tight seal with the seat
105, 205 of the poppet thereby obstructing the main channel of
fluid flow from the central region through the holes and out past
the control sleeve. The control sleeve 0103 can have a
communication between forward face 0107 and control face 0108 (not
pictured in FIG. 2A). At least a portion of this communication
should be a passage to throttle the flow of fluid between the two
faces. The inner diameter of the control face 0108 has a limit ring
stop 631 which is formed for mating abutment against a
corresponding control sleeve limit ring 0403 (see FIG. 5B).
[0075] FIG. 2B shows a cross section of a body used to house a
thread-in valve assembly, according to an embodiment. The channel
(or cavity) 0130 in the body can be used to house the thread-in
valve assembly illustrated in FIG. 2A or other variation.
[0076] Body threading 0131 can be used to screw the threaded end
0102 onto, thus the threaded end 0102 would always be pinned into
the body and cannot move. Thus, when the valve assembly illustrated
in FIG. 2A is inserted into the body shown in FIG. 2B (and the
threaded end 0102 is screwed into the body threading 0131), the
valve can operate as a check valve. Fluid would typically flow in
the direction from right to left as illustrated in FIG. 2B, but
typically fluid would not be able to flow from left to right
because there would be no mechanism to open the control sleeve this
way. More details about how this operates are provided below.
[0077] FIG. 3A shows a slip-in valve assembly, according to an
embodiment.
[0078] The slip-in valve assembly is similar to the thread-in valve
assembly but for the replacement of the threaded end 0102 with a
retainer collar 0202. In addition, the spring 0204 has a modified
functionality than the thread-in valve due to the presence of the
retainer collar 0202. Thus, unlike the threaded end embodiment (in
which the threaded end is always pinned in place), this embodiment
uses the retainer collar 0202 which is capable of sliding.
[0079] The tubular poppet 0201 has an expanded end that forms a
conical seat 0205 for mating opposition to a control sleeve 0203.
The seat 0205 can also have a spherical or other geometry. The seat
0205 prevents any fluid inside the central region from escaping out
the end opposite the end with the retainer collar 0202, thus in the
closed position (shown) fluid can only enter/leave the valve
assembly through the end with the retainer collar 0202. Adjacent to
the seat 0205 are radially oriented holes (not shown in FIG. 3A)
that extend from the outer diameter of the tubular poppet 0201 to
the inner diameter of the tubular poppet 0201. The outer diameter
of the tubular poppet 0201 has limit rings (control sleeve limit
ring 403, first retainer collar limit ring 401, and second retainer
collar limit ring 402) to limit the movement of the control sleeve
(and the retainer collar in the embodiment that uses the retainer
collar).
[0080] A control sleeve 0203 abuts a spring 0204 which wraps around
the tubular poppet 0201. Oil grooves 0206 are present on the
control sleeve 0203 that serve to center the control sleeve within
its corresponding bore in the valve body. The control sleeve 0203
is configured to slide along a length of the tubular poppet
0201.
[0081] The tubular poppet 0201 has a sliding retaining collar 0202
on a first end of the tubular poppet 0201 that can slide along a
portion of the outer body of the tubular poppet 0201. Movement of
the retainer collar is not necessary for proper valve operation,
however it can be required for valve assembly. The retainer collar
202 should be moved a distance against the spring toward the poppet
seat in order to install the first retainer collar limit ring 401
(see FIG. 5B). Whether or not the retainer collar actually moves
along the poppet during use depends on the spring rate. To install
the first retainer collar limit ring 401 requires that the retainer
collar be pushed against the spring to expose the groove for first
retainer collar limit ring 401. After the ring is installed, the
retainer collar can be released, and will rest opposed to first
retainer collar limit ring 401 by being pushed by the spring. The
first retainer collar limit ring is not visible, nor accessible,
when in this position. Thus, the retainer collar should be moved
out of the way.
[0082] The spring 0204 is interposed between the control sleeve
0203 and the retainer collar 0202 and is configured to naturally
push the control sleeve 0203 closed (to the right in FIG. 2A) and
also push the retainer collar 0202 to the end opposite the control
sleeve 0203 (to the left in FIG. 3A). Any movement of the control
sleeve 0203 and the retainer collar 0202 has to overcome the force
of the spring 0204.
[0083] Assuming the poppet is secured such that it cannot itself
move in the left direction (in FIG. 3A), pressure coming from right
to left (in FIG. 3A) pressing against a forward face 0207 of the
control sleeve 0203 would urge the control sleeve 0203 to slide to
the left (when the pressure overcomes the force of the spring 0204
and any force resulting from pressure applied to control face 0208)
and hence into an open position (exposing the radial holes, not
shown in FIG. 3A) while the position of the retainer collar cannot
move further to the left (see FIG. 10). When pressure is applied to
the outward retainer face 0209 and to the inside diameter and left
end (in FIG. 3A) of the tubular poppet (from left to right in FIG.
3A), the retainer collar 0202 (and hence the poppet) will be urged
towards the control sleeve 0203 (to the right in FIG. 2A). In
addition, pressure on the inside and end of the poppet will push
the seat and thus the tubular poppet to the right direction which
will also bring the retainer collar 0202 along in the right
direction as well (since the first retainer collar limit ring 0401
will force the retainer collar 0202 to move along with the poppet)
and compress the spring. Pressure acting from the left to right
direction (in FIG. 3A) will also act on outward retainer face 209
urging it to the right (towards the control sleeve). Whether or not
the retainer collar is "dragged" along by the tubular poppet is a
function of the sum of the forces on the retainer (pressure forces
and spring force).
[0084] Shown on the outside perimeter of the tubular poppet 0201 is
control sleeve limit ring 0403 (prevents the control face 0208 of
the control sleeve 0203 from moving too far along the tubular
poppet 0201 past the control sleeve limit ring 0403). The second
retainer collar limit ring 0402 prevents the retainer collar 0202
from moving further along the poppet past the second retainer
collar limit ring 0402). First retainer collar limit ring 0401 is
not shown in FIG. 3A because it is blocked by the retainer collar
0202, but serves the purpose to prevent the retainer collar 0202
from sliding off the tubular poppet 0201.
[0085] The control sleeve 0203 is annular. The inner diameter of
the control sleeve 0203 is slightly greater than the outer diameter
of the tubular poppet 0201 so that the control sleeve 0203 can move
axially on the tubular poppet 0201. The control sleeve 0203 has a
forward face 0207, and a control face 0208. The internal diameter
of forward face 0207 contacts the expanded region of the tubular
poppet 0201 thereby forming a metal to metal circular sealing
interface. There should be some clearance necessary between the
inner diameter of the control sleeve and the outer diameter of the
tubular poppet in order to allow them relative movement. This same
clearance is also a leakage path. Although covering the holes 300
in the tubular poppet by the control sleeve will impede flow, the
true sealing (flow obstruction) occurs between the circular edge of
the inner diameter of the control sleeve where it contacts the
sealing surface of the tubular poppet (the closed position). This
contact between the forward face 0107, 0207 of the control sleeve
and the seat 0105, 0205, of the tubular poppet is completely sealed
thereby preventing all fluid flow there between. The control sleeve
0203 can have a communication (passage) between forward face 0207
and control face 0208 (not pictured in FIG. 3A) to throttle the
flow of fluid between the two faces. The inner diameter of the
control face 0208 has a limit ring stop 0631 which is actually
recessed from control face 0208 which is formed for mating abutment
against a corresponding control sleeve limit ring 0403.
[0086] Note in some embodiments there can be leakage between the
outer diameter of the poppet 0201 and the inner diameter of the
control sleeve 0203. This is because in order to allow for there to
be room for the control sleeve 0203 to slide along the poppet 0201,
there must be a slight space there between. This type of space is a
"leakage path" and it is possible that (without the user of a
poppet seal 820) a relative small volume of fluid can pass between
one end of the control sleeve 0203 between the retainer collar and
the poppet 0201 through this leakage path and out the other end of
the control sleeve 0203. However, the amount of fluid that can
navigate this leakage path is relatively miniscule (and at very low
pressure) as there is only a tiny space between the control sleeve
0203 and the poppet 0201. An optional poppet seal 820 can be used
to completely block this leakage path, see FIG. 9. Any leakage path
is a restrained path because the space the fluid has to flow
through is so slight compared with the main flow path (this will be
discussed below in more detail).
[0087] FIG. 3B shows a cross section of a body used to house a
slip-in valve assembly, according to an embodiment. The channel (or
cavity) 0230 in the body can be used to house the slip-in valve
assembly illustrated in FIG. 3A or other variation.
[0088] Note that when the poppet is placed (housed) in the body,
they are both configured such that the poppet has room in the body
to slide through the control sleeve (in the right direction in
FIGS. 2A, 2B) (thereby moving the seat rightward and away from
contact on the inner diameter of forward face 0207 of the control
sleeve) when the spring is compressed (see FIG. 12) but the poppet
cannot move in the left direction (in FIGS. 2A, 2B) relative to the
retainer collar (see FIG. 10).
[0089] Note that all parts shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B and all other
figures (including but not limited to the tubular poppet 0101,0201,
retainer collar 0103, 0203, oil grooves 0106, 0206, seat 0105,
0205, control face 0108, 0208, forward face 0107, 0207) can be
identical with the same function and can be used interchangeably
herein. In fact all parts shown or described for the slip-in
assembly can be used for the thread-in assembly (and vice-versa)
without limitation, but for the threaded end 0102 (which is used
for the thread-in assembly) and the retainer collar 0202 (which is
used for the slip-in assembly) which are the main differences
between the two versions. All features described herein can be used
with any type of assembly (threaded, slip-in, or any other).
[0090] FIG. 4 shows a tubular poppet for use with a thread-in
assembly, according to an embodiment.
[0091] The threaded end 102 is formed on the tubular poppet 0101
which has radial holes 0300 at an end of the tubular poppet 0101
closest to the seat 0105. Note that there can be any number of
holes (one or more) in any shape or configuration and are also
referred to herein as a "hole set." When the control sleeve (not
pictured in FIG. 4) is in the closed position (all the way to the
right in FIG. 4), the radial holes 0300 are covered by the control
sleeve and thus fluid cannot flow through the radial holes 0300
because of a fluid-tight seal between the forward face 107, 207 of
the control sleeve and the seat of the poppet (in which outward
force from the spring helps form and maintain this seal). When the
control sleeve is in the open position (wherein at least some of
the radial holes 0300 are exposed) then fluid can flow through the
radial holes 0300 and out of the entire assembly. Second poppet
seal groove 0309 is used in the embodiment where a second poppet
seal 0820 is used in order to hold the second poppet seal 0820. In
the embodiment where the second poppet seal 0820 is not used, then
instead of the second poppet seal groove 0309 there can be poppet
oil groove 0419 (see FIG. 5B).
[0092] FIG. 5A shows a slip-in tubular poppet without a control
sleeve, retainer collar, or a spring, according to an
embodiment.
[0093] Retainer collar (not shown in FIG. 5A) would slidably attach
to tubular poppet 0201 which has radial holes 0300 at an end of the
tubular poppet closet to the seat 0205. When the control sleeve
(not shown in FIG. 5A) is in the closed position (all the way to
the right in FIG. 5A), the radial holes 0300 are covered by the
control sleeve and thus fluid cannot flow through the radial holes
0300 because of the tight seal between the control sleeve and the
poppet which prevents fluid from flowing there between. Leakage
from the control chamber into the hole set, and vice versa, may be
prevented by seal 820 (not shown in FIG. 5A). When the control
sleeve is in the open position (wherein at least some of the radial
holes 0300 are exposed and the seal is broken) then fluid can
continue to flow through the radial holes 0300 (in either
direction) and continue flowing. Second poppet seal groove 0409 is
used in the embodiment where a second poppet seal 0820 is used in
order to hold the second poppet seal 0820. In the embodiment where
the second poppet seal 0820 is not used, then instead of the second
poppet seal groove 0409 there can be poppet oil groove 0419 (see
FIG. 5B).
[0094] FIG. 5B shows a cross section of a tubular poppet, according
to an embodiment. Note that this is a cross section (like most
figures herein) and the parts shown all "wrap around" in a circular
fashion. Thus, for example a first poppet seal 0400 is actually
circular (e.g., a ring). The first retainer collar limit ring 0401,
the second retainer collar limit ring 0402, and the control sleeve
limit ring 0403 are also all rings. A central region 0405 is used
for flow of fluid.
[0095] The first poppet seal 0400 abuts the retainer collar and is
used to seal a control chamber (not shown in FIG. 5B) from fluid
entering between the inner diameter of the retainer collar and the
outer diameter of the poppet and can be made out of rubber,
silicone, or any other material that can be used as a sealant.
[0096] A first retainer collar limit ring 0401 is used to stop a
retainer collar (not shown in FIG. 6) from sliding (in the left
direction in FIG. 6) past the first retainer collar limit ring
0401. A second retainer collar limit ring 0402 is used to stop a
retainer collar from sliding (in the right direction in FIG. 6)
past the second retainer collar limit ring 0402 (a retainer collar
stopping point). A control sleeve limit ring 0403 is used to stop a
control sleeve (not shown in FIG. 6) from sliding past the control
sleeve limit ring 0403 (in the left direction in FIG. 6). The
control sleeve would be stopped from sliding (in the right
direction in FIG. 6) by the seat. Also shown is poppet oil groove
0419.
[0097] FIG. 5C shows a cross section of a tubular poppet showing
radial holes at an angle, according to an embodiment.
[0098] Two radial holes 0420 are shown. Also shown on the bottom
are the nose and the view of the cross section shown.
[0099] FIG. 6 shows a slip-in tubular poppet without a retainer
collar or a control sleeve with a cone-shaped nose, according to an
embodiment.
[0100] A cone-shaped nose 0530 has radii 0531. This construction
can be preferable from a fluid dynamics perspective.
[0101] FIG. 7A shows a top view of the control sleeve, according to
an embodiment.
[0102] Forward face 0600 of the control sleeve (same as control
sleeve 0103, 0203) is typically positioned on the tubular poppet
facing the seat (opposite the threaded end or the retainer collar)
and contains a passage 0606. The passage 0606 extends between the
two faces of the control sleeve (the forward face 0600 and the
control face 0602) and allows fluid to flow there between (in
either direction).
[0103] FIG. 7B shows a side view of the control sleeve, according
to an embodiment.
[0104] Forward face 0600 (same as 0107, 0207) is opposite control
face 0602 (same as 0108, 0208). Oil grooves 610 are the same as oil
grooves 0106, 0206.
[0105] FIG. 7C shows a cross section of the control sleeve,
according to an embodiment.
[0106] Cross section diagram 620 shows the actual cross section of
the control sleeve illustrated in FIG. 7C. The passage 0606
comprises an aperture 0601, an orifice 0604, and an expanded area
0605. The aperture 0601 allows fluid to flow in from the forward
face 0600 and allows fluid to flow through the aperture 0601 to the
orifice 0604. The orifice 0604 can have a reduced diameter (in
comparison to the diameter of the aperture 0601) in order to
throttle the flow of fluid. The orifice 0604 connects to the
conical opening 0605 which is an expanded area with a chamfered
conical opening which can prevent the spring 0104 from obstructing
flow out of the orifice 0604. Thus fluid can flow from the forward
face 0600 through the aperture 0601 through the orifice 0604 and
out the conical opening 0605, or it can flow in the reverse
direction as well. While FIG. 7C illustrates the aperture 0601
having a constant diameter, this is not required and the aperture
0601 can have a varying diameter. Control sleeve opening 0603 is an
opening which fits onto the tubular poppet. It is noted that the
passage 0606 can take many forms and the orifice 0604 and/or the
conical opening 0605 can be optional, as long as fluid is enabled
to flow through the passage 0606 from one side of the control
sleeve to the other. Control sleeve opening 0603 is an opening
which fits onto the tubular poppet.
[0107] Aperture 601 is part of the passage 0606 which runs
throughout the entire control sleeve so that fluid can flow in one
side and out the other (typically in the aperture 0601 on the
forward face 0600 and out the conical opening 605 in the control
face 0602 into the control chamber, although fluid can flow in the
reverse direction as well). The passage 0606 is open at both sides
so that fluid can travel through the control sleeve in either
direction.
[0108] It is noted that the passage 0606 in the control sleeve can
be optional, and any embodiment described herein can have the
passage 0606 or not have one (which means where the passage 0606 is
illustrated would be solid so as not to allow flow therein).
[0109] Limit ring stop 0631 cooperates with the control sleeve
limit ring 0403 to stop the control sleeve from sliding further
along the tubular poppet in the direction opposite the seat.
Control sleeve opening 0603 is an opening with a slightly larger
diameter than the outer diameter of the tubular poppet so it can
fit over the tubular poppet and slide as described herein.
[0110] While the drawing in FIG. 7C is a cross section and "wraps
around" the circular control sleeve, note that the passage 0606
(comprising the aperture 0601, orifice 0604, and conical opening
0605) does not "wrap around" and exists as a hole going through the
control sleeve (as illustrated in FIG. 7A).
[0111] The diameter of the conical opening 0605 on control face
0602 should preferably be greater than the wire size of the spring
0104 so that the spring 0104 does not block flow through the
orifice. A chamfer can be used to accomplish this.
[0112] FIG. 8A shows a side view of a retainer collar, according to
an embodiment.
[0113] Retainer collar 0700 (same as retainer collar 0202) has
forward face 0209 which faces away from the control sleeve (thus
fluid flowing against the retainer collar 0700 coming from outside
of the body but not from the central region would exert pressure
against the forward face 0209). Retainer collar seal 0707 is used
to seal the control chamber so that fluid does not leak in and out
of the control chamber between the outer diameter of the retainer
collar 700 and the inner diameter of the corresponding bore in the
valve body (cavity). All seals used herein can be made of a
material such as rubber, silicone, etc. and are used to seal
potential leakage paths.
[0114] FIG. 8B shows a top view of the retainer collar, according
to an embodiment.
[0115] Retainer opening 0706 is a hollow section inside the
retainer collar 0700 adapted to fit over the tubular poppet so the
retainer collar 0700 can slide along a portion of the length of the
tubular poppet.
[0116] FIG. 8C shows a cross section of the retainer collar,
according to an embodiment. A first limit ring stop 0709 cooperates
with the first retainer collar limit ring 0401 (see FIG. 6) to
prevent the retainer collar 0700 from sliding off the tubular
poppet. A second limit ring stop 0708 cooperates with the second
retainer collar limit ring 0402 (see FIG. 5B) to prevent the
retainer collar 0700 from sliding too far along the tubular poppet
towards the control sleeve. The retainer opening 0706 is an opening
with a diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the
tubular poppet so that the retainer collar 0700 can fit onto the
tubular poppet and slide.
[0117] FIG. 9 shows a cross section of the tubular poppet with the
retainer collar and the control sleeve, according to an
embodiment.
[0118] The retainer collar 202, control sleeve 203 and spring 204
(and other parts such as the radial holes, etc.) as described
herein are shown. Note how the first limit ring stop 0709 (see FIG.
8) cooperates with the first retainer collar limit ring 0401 (see
FIG. 5B) to prevent the retainer collar 0700 from sliding off the
tubular poppet. A second limit ring stop 0708 (see FIG. 8)
cooperates with the second retainer collar limit ring 0402 (see
FIG. 5B) to prevent the retainer collar 0700 from sliding too far
along the tubular poppet towards the control sleeve. Limit ring
stop 0631 cooperates with the control sleeve limit ring 0403 to
stop the control sleeve from sliding further along the tubular
poppet in the direction opposite the seat.
[0119] Note that the control sleeve 0203 is currently in the closed
position and thereby the radial holes are covered by the control
sleeve 0203 and sealed by interaction between the control sleeve
0203 and the seat of the poppet. When the control sleeve 0203
slides into the open position (to the left in FIG. 9) from the
closed (sealed) position, the inner diameter of the control sleeve
comes off of the seat on the poppet, and the radial holes are
exposed (in their entirety or at least a portion) and the seal is
opened/broken permitting fluid to flow from the side of the forward
face through the central region 0803 of the poppet and out a
tubular poppet opening 0804 wherein the fluid would then flow
through the body onto the next part of a hydraulic circuit.
[0120] Without any pressure against the forward face 0107, the
spring 0204 naturally urges the control sleeve 0203 into the closed
position. The spring 0204 will also naturally urge the retainer
collar 0202 in a direction opposite the control sleeve.
[0121] The dashed line 0801 shows the diameter of the channel in
the body that the valve assembly is inserted into (see FIG. 1A,
channel 0002 which is also labeled as dia `B` in FIG. 1A). A
control chamber 0802 is a hollow volume that surrounds the tubular
poppet. In other words, the control chamber 0802 exists in the
region between the tubular poppet and the channel (which would have
a toroid with a square cross section shape). The control chamber
0802 is a volume which is sealed on one end by the retainer collar
(including retainer collar seal 707) and is closed on the other end
by the control sleeve. Aside from potential leakage between the
outer diameter of the control sleeve and the inner diameter of the
valve body bore, the only path for fluid in/out of the control
chamber (not including any pilot paths which are not shown in FIG.
9) is the passage (which comprises the aperture 0601, orifice 0604,
and conical opening 0605). Note that there is a potential leakage
path between the outer diameter of the control sleeve and the inner
diameter of the valve body bore when the control sleeve does not
have an outside diameter seal like the retainer collar. Note that
in an embodiment control sleeve seals 1601 can be used on the
control sleeve to prevent this leakage (see FIG. 17). In any
embodiment described herein, seals on the control sleeve may or may
not be used.
[0122] The purpose of the control chamber is to receive pressure
that is against the forward face 0107 by receiving the pressurized
fluid through the passage 0606. The pressure inside the control
chamber when the valve is in the closed position should
approximately equal the pressure exerted onto the forward face 0107
therefore making it difficult if not impossible for the control
sleeve to open (without any other external forces). Therefore, the
fluid in the control chamber can be used in numerous ways depending
on the function of the cartridge. For example, a pressure relief
pilot valve can be connected to the control chamber so that only
when the pressure inside the control chamber exceeds a certain
amount, the control chamber would be drained thereby lowering the
pressure in the control chamber thus permitting the control sleeve
to slide to the open position. Or the control chamber can be
connected to an externally piloted valve so that upon a signal the
externally piloted valve can open (or close) thus draining the
control chamber and causing the control sleeve to open.
[0123] Second poppet seal 0820 (which is actually a ring like the
other seals) can be used to seal any leakage between the outer
diameter of the poppet and the inner diameter of the control sleeve
0203. If the second poppet seal 820 is not used then the poppet
would not have the second poppet seal groove 0409 (see FIG. 5A) but
instead would have the poppet oil groove 0419 (see FIG. 5B). Any of
the seals described herein can be used or omitted in any embodiment
described herein in any combination. Seals are typically used to
control leakage paths, and may be desirable (will prevent leakage)
or less desirable (can cause more friction and wear) based on the
valve function.
[0124] FIG. 10 shows a cross section of a slip-in valve assembly
inside a body with forward flow, according to an embodiment.
[0125] In FIG. 10, the fluid flows from right to left in the
forward direction (from face 0 to face 1). In this example, the
fluid enters the tubular poppet from an outside of the tubular
poppet 900 (near the control sleeve end), flows through the hole
set, through the central region, and exits out the end of the
tubular poppet opposite the control sleeve (at face 1). The fluid
exerts enough pressure onto the forward face which overcomes the
resistance of the spring and pushes the control sleeve into the
open position, thereby exposing the radial holes. Note that the
retainer collar does not move even though the control sleeve is
pushed open. The fluid then freely flows into the radial holes and
through the central region of the tubular poppet and out the
tubular poppet opening. Thus, the opening of the control sleeve
creates an unrestrained main channel of fluid flow between the
central region and an outside of the poppet through the hole set.
This is considered an unrestrained main channel because there is a
relatively good amount of clearance for the fluid to freely flow as
intended so the fluid can effectuate its purpose in the hydraulic
circuit. Note that there are a number of potential leakage paths in
the valve assembly. All potential leakage paths can be sealed by
using optional seals. In some embodiments, no seals (or some but
not all) are used thereby enabling fluid to flow through available
leakage paths. For example, leakage paths can potentially exist: i)
between the inner diameter of the retainer collar and the outer
diameter of the poppet; ii) between the outer diameter of the
retainer collar and the inner diameter of the bore in the body used
to house the valve assembly; iii) between the inner diameter of the
control sleeve and the outer diameter of the poppet; iv) between
the outer diameter of the control sleeve and the inner diameter of
the bore in the body used to house the valve assembly. Note that
all such leakage paths are restrained. That is, the clearance
between the two adjacent parts in any leakage path is extremely
slight and does not allow for significant fluid flow there between
when compared with the main flow path of the valve.
[0126] FIG. 11 shows a cross section of a slip-in valve assembly
inside a body in a neutral position, according to an embodiment.
The control sleeve is in the closed position.
[0127] Either no fluid enters from the control sleeve end or fluid
does enter from the control sleeve end (from face 0 flowing towards
face 1) but not with enough pressure to open the control sleeve
(e.g., the closing force of the spring is greater than the fluid
pressure on the forward face). In either case, the control sleeve
remains in the closed position and the retainer collar also does
not move (stays in its position at the end of the tubular poppet
opposite the control sleeve). This is the neutral position.
[0128] Also shown in FIG. 11 (and other figures) is end cap 1000.
The end cap 1000 is the plate of steel or other suitable material
that mates with the valve body and is retained by screws. It holds
the slip-in assembly within its cavity in the valve body. There is
a face sealing O-ring 1001 around the perimeter of a bore in the
valve body that contacts an opposing face of the end cap to prevent
leakage. An O-ring groove 1002 is a groove where the O-ring is
located. Annular space 1003 is an annular space defined on the
outer diameter by the end cap and the inner diameter by that
portion of the poppet that extends beyond the outward face of the
limit collar (also referred to as retainer collar).
[0129] FIG. 12 shows a cross section of a slip-in valve assembly
inside a body with reverse flow, according to an embodiment.
[0130] The slip-in valve assembly can also be configured for
reverse flow (from left to right in FIG. 12) as well. This would
operate as follows. Fluid would enter into the tubular poppet
opening (the end opposite the control sleeve or from face 1). The
central region would initially fill with the fluid but because it
would not initially be able to exit out face 0 because the radial
holes would initially be blocked by the control sleeve,
particularly the metal-to-metal seal formed by the ID of the
control sleeve against the poppet seat. The fluid would exert
pressure on the inside diameter and left face of the tubular poppet
and on retainer face 0209 which would push the entire tubular
poppet towards face 0 (the poppet and retainer collar can move
together as a unit). Note that the control sleeve might shift in
position a little in the direction of face 0 (to the right in FIG.
12). A shoulder 1100 prevents the control sleeve from continuing to
move towards face 0. As the fluid pressure forces the seat of the
tubular poppet to move to the right (towards face 0 in the
"reverse" direction), the retainer collar will also move along with
the seat/tubular poppet towards face 0 (or to the right in FIG.
12). This compresses the spring as shown in FIG. 12. The radial
holes (also referred to as hole set) in the tubular poppet are now
exposed and even though it is the tubular poppet, not the control
sleeve that has moved relative to the valve body, this is still
considered the "open position" of the control sleeve.
[0131] Once the control sleeve is open, then the fluid inside the
central region can exit the central region through the radial holes
and out of the cartridge in a same (reverse) direction (from left
to right in FIG. 12 or from face 1 to face 0). Thus, in this
configuration, the fluid is able to flow in the reverse direction
(the "forward" or "normal" direction being from face 0 to face 1 in
FIG. 12).
[0132] FIG. 13A is an orthographic view illustrating a front view
of a slip-in valve assembly in a closed position, according to an
embodiment.
[0133] A notch 1200 is shown on an end of the valve assembly near
the control sleeve 203. The notch 1200 is merely a slight recess
with no ability for fluid or anything to pass through and serves no
purpose other than allowing processing (grinding) operations of the
poppet. Also shown are the aperture 0601, retainer collar 0202, and
first poppet seal 0400.
[0134] FIG. 13B is an orthographic view illustrating a front view
of a slip-in valve assembly in assembly in open position, according
to an embodiment.
[0135] Radial holes 0300 (also referred to as a hole set) are
exposed in the open position. Also shown is the seat 0205.
[0136] FIG. 13C is an orthographic view illustrating the tubular
poppet opening of a slip-in valve assembly, according to an
embodiment.
[0137] Tubular poppet opening 0804 is a hollow area which allows
fluid to fill a central region inside the valve assembly.
[0138] FIG. 13D is an orthographic side view illustrating a slip-in
valve assembly, according to an embodiment. The tapered end of the
seat 0205 is shown. The seat can be shaped as a toroid with a
rectangular trapezoidal cross section (as shown), and the control
sleeve in the closed position abuts a tapered part of the region,
thereby forming a fluid-tight (and air-tight) seal thereby
preventing flow of fluid through/out the control sleeve. When the
control sleeve is in the closed position, any fluid inside the
central region would typically have no passage out of the valve
assembly except through the tubular poppet opening 0804.
[0139] FIG. 14A is an orthographic view illustrating a front of a
body and control module, according to an embodiment.
[0140] Body 0001 houses the valve assembly which is placed in the
channel (also referred to as cavity) 230 in the body 0001. A
control module 0010 as affixed to the body 0001 and can be
configured as described herein to configure the valve assembly for
different operations.
[0141] FIG. 14B is an orthographic view illustrating a back of a
body and control module, according to an embodiment.
[0142] As known in the art, multiple bodies can be bolted together
in an enclosed hydraulic circuit (which would also typically
include a pump and a reservoir) which can be utilized in any manner
(e.g., drive machinery, etc.)
[0143] FIG. 15 is a cross section showing a thread-in assembly
installed within a valve body, according to an embodiment. The
control chamber 0802 stores fluid in between the outer diameter of
the tubular poppet and the diameter of the channel in the body 1400
which houses the valve assembly. If there is no passage in the
control sleeve (as illustrated in FIG. 15) then the control chamber
802 should typically be initially empty since there would be no way
for fluid to enter/exit the control chamber 802 in this example
(except for the potential for leakage around a small annular
clearance around the outer diameter of the control sleeve as
discussed above).
[0144] The assembly in FIG. 15 can allow fluid flow from face 0 to
face 1 but not from face 1 to face 0. Flow from face 1 to face 0
would not urge the spring to open the control sleeve, while flow
from face 0 to face 1 would put pressure on the forward face and
thus urge the control sleeve open breaking the seal between the
control sleeve and the seat of the poppet thereby allowing fluid to
flow from outside the poppet through the hole set and hence through
the poppet. Note that if fluid attempts to flow from face 1 to face
0 the fluid would pass up the drain path 1401 in the control module
1402) and into the control chamber 0802 which would provide more
force to urge the control sleeve closed (to the right in FIG.
15).
[0145] FIG. 16 is a cross section showing the alternate slip in
assembly (with the retainer collar) installed within a valve body,
according to an embodiment.
[0146] The control chamber 0802 stores fluid in between the outer
diameter of the tubular poppet and the diameter of the channel in
the body 1500 which houses the valve assembly. If there is no
passage 0606 in the control sleeve (as shown in FIG. 16) and seals
are used on the control sleeve (no seals are used on the control
sleeve in FIG. 16) then the control chamber 802 should typically be
empty since there would be no way for fluid to enter/exit the
control chamber 802 in this example. If there is no passage in the
control sleeve and seals are not used on the control sleeve (as
illustrated in FIG. 16) then the control chamber 802 may eventually
fill due to the slight leakage path between the outer diameter of
the control sleeve and the inner diameter of the valve body bore).
In order for the valve to operate as shown in FIG. 16, any air or
fluid in the control chamber would need to be compressed in order
to allow the control sleeve to open, unless the air or fluid is
somehow allowed to exit the chamber. The only way this may happen
as shown in FIG. 16 is for the air or fluid to follow the leakage
path around the outer diameter of the control sleeve. In the other
embodiments shown with a drain, once the valve has been opened to
flow, and then closes, the chamber will then at least partially
fill with fluid. The action of the control sleeve closing will
result in the control chamber drawing a partial vacuum. Fluid will
be drawn into the control chamber from the region of face 1 through
the drain. The chamber may initially be empty, but will at least
partially fill after the first cycle. The embodiment shown in FIG.
16 is not, from a practical perspective, an ideal embodiment.
[0147] The slip in assembly illustrated in FIG. 16 can also be used
with the control module configured as illustrated in FIG. 15 (with
the drain path as illustrated).
[0148] FIG. 17 is a cross section illustration an example of a
check valve configuration according to an embodiment. This is a
simple embodiment of the inventive concept. No pilot or passage in
the control sleeve is used in this embodiment. Note that the cross
section illustrated is shown in the legend in FIG. 17 (in fact all
cross sections illustrated herein can be based on the same legend).
FIG. 17 illustrates a closed valve (closed control sleeve). Flow is
allowed from face 0 to face 1 but prevented from face 1 to face
0.
[0149] FIG. 17 is similar to the configuration in FIG. 15, but note
that in FIG. 17, the control sleeve has two control sleeve seals
1601 (although other numbers of control sleeve seals can be used
from 1 to 4). Not using control sleeve seals 1601 may be adequate
at lower system pressures, but it may not be ideal for use with
higher system pressures due to the leakage around the control
sleeve. Control sleeve seals 1601 are located around the outer
diameter of the control sleeve to eliminate any flow from the
control cavity outward to face 0 (and vice versa). This can occur
because there is a slight clearance between the outer diameter of
the control sleeve and the inner diameter of the bore used to house
the assembly in order to provide room for the control sleeve to
slide. The control sleeve seals 1601 can be made of any sealing
material (e.g., rubber, silicone, etc.) and prevent fluid from
passing through the clearance between the control sleeve and the
bore of the body. Thus, in FIG. 17, by virtue of the control sleeve
seals 1601, the control chamber 0802 should be empty unless there
is any reverse flow. FIGS. 17 and 18 also illustrate control sleeve
seals on the control collar.
[0150] Note that in any embodiment described or illustrated herein,
control sleeve seals 1601 (and in fact any of the seals described
herein such as the first poppet seal 400, second poppet seal 820,
the retainer collar seal 0707) may or may not be used at the user's
option. For example, any embodiment described or illustrated herein
that uses control sleeve seals (or other type of seal) can also be
implemented without control sleeve seals. Any embodiment described
or illustrated herein that does not use control sleeve seal(s) (or
other type of seal) can also be implemented using one or more
control sleeve seal. Any seals described herein can also be used in
any combination. For some embodiments of the invention,
particularly where the control sleeve is provided with a passage
0606, and the valve response time must be relatively fast to
modulate pressure, the control sleeve seals shown in FIG. 17 may
not be advantageous due to issues of stiction, longer response
time, and possible premature seal wear.
[0151] In a further embodiment, a control module orifice 1600 may
be added to the control module to slow the response time of the
valve opening and closing. This may be advantageous in certain
applications, particularly where valve chatter is a problem. The
control module orifice 1600 is entirely optional and may or may not
be used in any embodiment described or depicted herein as per the
user's preferences.
[0152] In this embodiment, the poppet is threaded into the flanged
body. Pressure coming from the side opposite the threaded end (the
right side in FIG. 17) acts on the forward face 0107 of the control
sleeve, which urges the control sleeve open. This is opposed by the
spring force acting in the opposite direction. The control sleeve
opens when the force urging the control sleeve open (pressure on
the forward face 0107 multiplied by the area of the forward face
107) is greater than the spring force. This is the valve cracking
pressure. Selecting various spring attributes such as K factor and
spring compression in the closed state may vary the cracking
pressure. FIG. 18 is an illustration of this embodiment after the
control sleeve opens.
[0153] FIG. 18 is a cross section illustration of the check valve
configuration in an open position, according to an embodiment.
[0154] After the pressure urges the control sleeve open from FIG.
17, the control sleeve will be open as illustrated in FIG. 18. The
fluid can now flow from the control sleeve side to the threaded
side (from right to left in FIG. 18). The fluid comes from the
right side, enters the radial holes (which were blocked in FIG. 17
when the control sleeve is in the closed position), travels through
the central region inside the poppet and out through the threaded
end. When the pressure on the forward face is not great enough to
continue to maintain the control sleeve in the open position (e.g.,
the spring force becomes greater than the force on the control
sleeve (pressure on the forward face 0107 multiplied by the area of
the forward face 107), then the spring will force the control
sleeve back into the closed position again and stop further fluid
flow through the poppet.
[0155] Reverse flow is prevented. The spring naturally urges the
control sleeve closed, and thus fluid entering through the threaded
end would not escape through the radial holes since the control
sleeve would be closed. Reverse flow fluid could also enter the
drain 1700 and into the control chamber, further serving to urge
the control sleeve in the closed position.
[0156] Thus, when pressure on the line is greater than a particular
amount, the valve will open and thus provide pressure relief to the
line. If the K factor of the spring is small enough to allow easy
opening of the control sleeve, then this valve assembly would
operate as a simple check valve permitting flow in only one
direction. Note that the control chamber would typically be empty
in this embodiment, unless there is reverse flow from the threaded
end which would fill the control chamber via drain 1700 but the
fluid would not pass through the control sleeve (and hence would
not exit the check valve except for a small amount of leakage
through the annular clearance around the outer diameter of the
control sleeve) but would provide additional resistance to the
control sleeve opening. When there is forward flow, the forward
flow would open the control sleeve and release some of the fluid in
the control chamber through the drain 1700. This embodiment could
also function as a direct operating relief valve or direct
operating sequence valve, by selecting a spring appropriate for the
application.
[0157] In the simplest embodiment, the control module merely serves
to vent the control chamber to allow movement of the control
sleeve. Note that the control module may be either internally
drained such as internal drain 1700, or externally drained (the
drainage path would be independent of the discharge flow path of
the valve as in FIG. 19).
[0158] FIG. 19 is a cross section illustration of the check valve
configuration with an external drain, according to an
embodiment.
[0159] Backpressure on the valve may affect the valve cracking
pressure. Backpressure on the valve will affect the fluid pressure
in the control chamber. This will tend to assist the spring force
in urging the control sleeve closed (control chamber pressure
multiplied by control sleeve area 2). In those circumstances where
this is not desirable, then external drainage of the control module
is preferred using an external drain 1801 which leads to a fluid
reservoir 1800.
[0160] Reverse flow through the valve (flow from face 1 to face 0)
is prevented by the seat at the control sleeve/poppet interface.
Flow from face 1 to face 0 would be induced by a pressure gradient
higher at face 1, and lower at face 0. The net forces on the
control sleeve in this instance will urge the control sleeve closed
and prevent flow from face 1 to face 0).
[0161] As the sleeve is guided over the poppet, this design has
advantages over unguided disc or ball type check valves in
applications where turbulence induced premature wear may be a
concern.
[0162] The control module can be changed to affect the operation of
the valve. For example, instead of a simple direct operating check
valve as noted above, the control module may be enhanced to make
the valve a pilot to open a check valve.
[0163] FIG. 20 is a cross section illustration of a valve assembly
with an external pilot signal, according to an embodiment.
[0164] In this example, a normally closed pilot valve 1900 is in a
control module 1901 and replaces the simple drain in the control
module as described above. This pilot valve 1900 allows flow from
the threaded end to the control chamber, but prevents flow from the
control chamber to the drain unless the pilot valve 1900 is acted
upon by a pilot signal. In this example, an external pilot signal
1902 is used to open the pilot valve 1900, and permit the control
chamber to drain. The control sleeve may then open providing that
the inlet pressure at face 0 acting on the forward face of the
control sleeve exceeds the spring force. If the control chamber is
full of fluid, then the valve would not allow flow in either
direction until the signal is received to open the pilot valve 1900
in which flow is then enabled from face 0 to face 1.
[0165] Any pilot valve used and the main valve (the valve assembly
that enables or disables flow from face 0 to face 1 via
opening/closing the control sleeve) interact in a master-slave
relationship. Thus, the pilot valve can be altered to result in any
number of functions for the main valve element.
[0166] FIG. 21 is a cross section illustration of a valve assembly
with an internal pilot signal, according to an embodiment. This
configuration can be used as a pressure relief valve.
[0167] This is the same valve assembly (main valve) from FIG. 20
but controlled with a direct operating pilot relief valve 2000
(which opens only when its incoming pressure is greater than a
preset pressure otherwise it remains closed) in the control module.
In this example, the control sleeve is provided with a
communication between the fluid entering from face 0 and the
control chamber (e.g., from the forward face 2002 to the control
face 2003), which is passage 0606 (which can comprise an aperture,
orifice, and conical area) which provides a controlled leakage
between the upstream control face and the control chamber. In some
embodiments, this can enable piloted versions of the valve assembly
to operate based on a pressure in the control chamber.
[0168] Pressurized fluid coming from face 0 onto the forward face
2002 will urge the control sleeve to open as described above. Due
to the flow of fluid through the passage 0606 across the control
sleeve, pressurized fluid will fill the control chamber. This will
act on the control face 2003, tending to urge it closed. The spring
force will also tend to urge the control sleeve closed. Thus,
absent another exit path for the fluid from the control chamber,
the control sleeve will typically remain closed regardless of how
much pressure is exerted on the control face from face 0 (coming
from right to left).
[0169] Fluid is prevented from exiting the control chamber due to
the direct acting pilot relief valve 2000 in the control module,
which is blocking the path from the control chamber to the drain.
Fluid can travel up pilot path 2004 and stops at relief face 2005
of the relief valve 2000.
[0170] When the pressure at relief face 2005 of the pilot relief
valve 2000, and thus the pressure in the control chamber, exceeds
the setting of the pilot relief valve 2000, the pilot relief valve
2000 will open, allowing the fluid in the control chamber to drain
(through the pilot relief valve 2000 and into the drain exit 2006).
As there is an orifice in the passage 0606 in the control sleeve,
fluid is drained from the control chamber faster than it can be
replenished. The hydraulic forces on the control sleeve will become
unbalanced and tend to urge the control sleeve open. The valve will
open when the net hydraulic force on the control sleeve exceeds the
spring force. The control sleeve will attempt to maintain a steady
state position such that the pressure drop across the control
sleeve, resulting in a net hydraulic force on the control sleeve,
balances the spring force on the control sleeve.
[0171] This type of valve is said to be internally piloted. The
pilot relieve valve 2000 receives its pilot signal from the same
source as the main pressure source acting upstream on the
valve.
[0172] FIG. 22 is a cross section illustrating an internally
piloted, internally drained relief valve with the reverse flow
option, according to an embodiment.
[0173] The valve assembly shown in FIG. 22 is similar to the valve
assembly shown in FIG. 20 but for instead of the threaded end, the
retainer collar is used (as described herein). This would
accommodate reverse flow, as described herein.
[0174] FIG. 23 is a cross section illustration of a valve assembly
with a remote control, according to an embodiment
[0175] In this example, the remote control 2201 is connected to a
fluid tank 2204 and can adjust the pressure setting below the
maximum pressure setting of the pilot valve 2200 in the control
module. This configuration can also be used with the retainer
collar embodiment as well.
[0176] In an embodiment, a remote control can be used where the
state of the remote control (set by an operator) is infinitely
variable between fully open and fully closed, rather than having
discrete positions. This type of valve can be controlled with a
proportional electrical signal or the like. Thus, the pilot valve
controlled by the remote control is not limited to discrete open
and closed position but also is capable of having continuous
degrees of open/close based on the signal. Thus the rate of flow
through the pilot valve can be controlled by the remote control (in
addition to just on/off).
[0177] FIG. 24 is a cross section illustration of a valve assembly
with an external pilot 2300 connected to a 2-position, 2-way valve
2302 configured as a vented relief valve with a fluid tank 2204,
according to an embodiment.
[0178] When the 2-way valve 2302 is closed (as shown) the pilot
valve 2300 behaves as an internally piloted valve (will open
automatically when the pressure inside the control chamber 0802
reaches a certain level). When a signal is sent to the solenoid of
the 2-way valve 2302 causing it to shift (the second control
envelop with an arrow), the control chamber is vented to the tank
2204 at very low pressure, removing the hydraulic resistance on the
control face of the control sleeve, and allowing it to shift.
[0179] This configuration can also be used with the retainer collar
embodiment as well.
[0180] Different valve elements in the control module can make the
main valve behave in a number of ways. For example, the main valve
can be made to perform as a counterbalance valve, pressure reducing
valve, sequence valve, unloading valve, etc. The valve and body may
be configured in other ways to provide still more functions.
[0181] FIG. 25A is a cross section illustration illustrating a
slip-in insert and valve body configured to provide flow control
function, according to an embodiment.
[0182] In this embodiment, the passage in the control sleeve is
replaced with a poppet orifice (not shown in FIG. 25A but see FIG.
25B) in the body of the tubular poppet. By selecting a pilot valve
in the control module to maintain a constant pressure drop across
the orifice in the poppet, the main valve can be made to provide a
constant rate of flow.
[0183] FIG. 25B is a cross section illustration of a valve assembly
with a tubular poppet configured to provide flow control function,
according to an embodiment.
[0184] A poppet aperture 2411 is in communication with a poppet
orifice and opening 2410 permitting flow between the central region
0405 inside the tubular poppet and the control chamber 0802. FIG.
25B is illustrated as a cross section and note that this poppet
aperture 2411 and poppet orifice 2410 and opening do not exist as a
ring (for example like the seals) but exists only as a small
passage/opening.
[0185] Unlike the passage 060 in the control sleeve 0103, the
poppet aperture 2411 and poppet orifice 2410 permit flow directly
between the central region 0405 and the control chamber 0802. Since
the control chamber 0802 can be piloted (using an internal,
external, or any other type of pilot) this enables additional
functionality to be used for flow control.
[0186] All features described and/or illustrated herein (or the
absence of any such feature) can be combined with each other in any
combination without limitation. For example, any embodiment
described herein may or may not have a threaded end, may or may not
have a retainer collar, may or may not have a passage in the
control sleeve, etc. Any combination of feature(s) can be used
without limitation with any other combination of feature(s). Any
feature described herein can also be optional. The illustrations
shown herein are exemplary but any illustration can be augmented
with any feature described herein or any feature shown can also be
removed without limitation.
[0187] The many features and advantages of the invention are
apparent from the detailed specification and, thus, it is intended
by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of
the invention that fall within the true spirit and scope of the
invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will
readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to
limit the invention to the exact construction and operation
illustrated and described, and accordingly all suitable
modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within
the scope of the invention.
* * * * *