U.S. patent application number 15/619613 was filed with the patent office on 2017-12-14 for training and rehabilitation involving physical activity and cognitive exercises.
The applicant listed for this patent is Action Faction, Ltd.. Invention is credited to Bogdan Von Rueckmann.
Application Number | 20170354846 15/619613 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 60572120 |
Filed Date | 2017-12-14 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170354846 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Von Rueckmann; Bogdan |
December 14, 2017 |
Training and Rehabilitation Involving Physical Activity and
Cognitive Exercises
Abstract
System, methods and electronic devices aimed at motivating users
to perform physical activity are disclosed herein. A user may be
presented with a series of physical and cognitive exercises. For
example, an exercise may be locked until completion of an unlocked
exercise. Performance in each exercise may be tracked to display
feedback to a user and track the user's improvement over time.
Physical exercises may comprise challenges to move a particular
distance or take a particular number of steps. Cognitive exercises
comprise techniques test or train the cognitive abilities of the
user in: attention, memory, processing speed, logical reasoning,
numerical reasoning, spatial reasoning, verbal reasoning, language,
and cognitive executive functions. Performance in one exercise may
modify the difficulty or parameters of a subsequent exercise. The
tracking of user improvement may comprise a progress or reward
system such as the increasing of a user's "level" or awarding of
"badges."
Inventors: |
Von Rueckmann; Bogdan;
(Kuesnacht, CH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Action Faction, Ltd. |
Dubai |
|
AE |
|
|
Family ID: |
60572120 |
Appl. No.: |
15/619613 |
Filed: |
June 12, 2017 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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62349311 |
Jun 13, 2016 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G09B 19/0038 20130101;
G16H 50/30 20180101; A61B 5/4088 20130101; A61B 5/486 20130101;
G09B 19/003 20130101; A61B 5/1112 20130101; G16H 20/30 20180101;
G06F 19/3481 20130101; A61B 5/6898 20130101; G16H 50/50 20180101;
A61B 5/112 20130101; A61B 5/1038 20130101; A61B 5/1118
20130101 |
International
Class: |
A63B 24/00 20060101
A63B024/00; A61B 5/00 20060101 A61B005/00; G06F 19/00 20110101
G06F019/00 |
Claims
1. A method of fitness testing and training, comprising: recording,
by a user device, data corresponding to a user performing a
physical exercise; locking, by the user device, a cognitive
exercise from being performed by the user; determining, by the user
device, that the physical exercise is complete; unlocking the
cognitive exercise, for display to the user, in response to the
determining that the physical exercise is complete; recording, by
the user device, data corresponding to the user performing the
cognitive exercise; and generating, based on the data corresponding
to the user performing the cognitive exercise, feedback for display
on the user device.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein default parameters of the
cognitive exercise are modified based on the data corresponding to
the user performing the physical exercise.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: selecting the
cognitive exercise from a plurality of cognitive exercises based on
the data corresponding to the user performing the physical
exercise.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the physical exercise comprises
walking a predetermined distance or a predetermined number of
steps, running the predetermined distance or the predetermined
number of steps, cycling the predetermined distance, burning a
predetermined number of calories, performing a predetermined number
of repetitions of a given physical activity workout, performing a
given type of physical activity for a predetermined amount of time,
or a combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the cognitive exercise comprises
an attention exercise, a memory exercise, a processing speed
exercise, a logical reasoning exercise, a numerical reasoning
exercise, a spatial reasoning exercise, a verbal reasoning
exercise, a language exercise, a cognitive executive functions
exercise, or a combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the data corresponding to the
user performing the physical exercise is recorded using a
multiple-axis accelerometer or a global positioning system (GPS)
sensor.
7. A method of fitness testing and training, comprising: recording,
by a user device, data corresponding to a user performing a
cognitive exercise; locking, by the user device, a physical
exercise from being performed by the user; determining, by the user
device, that the cognitive exercise is complete; unlocking the
physical exercise, for display to the user, in response to the
determining that the cognitive exercise is complete; recording, by
the user device, data corresponding to the user performing the
physical exercise; and generating, based on the data corresponding
to the user performing the physical exercise, feedback for display
on the user device.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein default parameters of the
physical exercise are modified based at least in part upon the data
corresponding to the user performing the cognitive exercise.
9. The method of claim 7, further comprising: selecting the
physical exercise from a plurality of physical exercises based on
the data corresponding to the user performing the cognitive
exercise.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the physical exercise comprises
walking a predetermined distance or a predetermined number of
steps, running the predetermined distance or the predetermined
number of steps, cycling the predetermined distance, burning a
predetermined number of calories, performing a predetermined number
of repetitions of a given physical activity workout, performing a
given type of physical activity for a predetermined amount of time,
or a combination thereof.
11. The method of claim 7, wherein the cognitive exercise comprises
an attention exercise, a memory exercise, a processing speed
exercise, a logical reasoning exercise, a numerical reasoning
exercise, a spatial reasoning exercise, a verbal reasoning
exercise, a language exercise, a cognitive executive functions
exercise, or a combination thereof.
12. The method of claim 7, wherein the data corresponding to the
user performing the physical exercise is recorded using a
multiple-axis accelerometer or a global positioning system (GPS)
sensor.
13. A method of fitness testing and training, comprising:
recording, by a user device, data corresponding to a user
performing one or more physical exercises and one or more cognitive
exercises; analyzing, by the user device, a physical performance of
the user performing the one or more physical exercises; analyzing,
by the user device, a cognitive performance of the user performing
the one or more cognitive exercises; and calculating, based on the
physical performance of the user and the cognitive performance of
the user, a composite physical-cognitive score of the user
performing the one or more physical exercises and the one or more
cognitive exercises.
14. The method of claim 13, further comprising: transmitting, by
the user device and to a server, the composite physical-cognitive
score of the user; and comparing the composite physical-cognitive
score of the user with similarly determined overall scores of other
users in a ranking system, a competitive setting, or a leaderboard
setting.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein the physical exercise comprises
walking a predetermined distance or a predetermined number of
steps, running the predetermined distance or the predetermined
number of steps, cycling the predetermined distance, burning a
predetermined number of calories, performing a predetermined number
of repetitions of a given physical activity workout, performing a
given type of physical activity for a predetermined amount of time,
or a combination thereof.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein the cognitive exercise
comprises an attention exercise, a memory exercise, a processing
speed exercise, a logical reasoning exercise, a numerical reasoning
exercise, a spatial reasoning exercise, a verbal reasoning
exercise, a language exercise, a cognitive executive functions
exercise, or a combination thereof.
17. The method of claim 13, wherein the data corresponding to the
user performing the physical exercise is recorded using a
multiple-axis accelerometer or a global positioning system (GPS)
sensor.
18. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising
instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause a
fitness testing and training device to: record data corresponding
to a user performing a physical exercise; provide feedback on a
performance of the user performing the physical exercise;
responsive to receiving an indication that the user completed the
physical exercise, generate, based on the data corresponding to the
user performing the physical exercise, a cognitive exercise for
display on the fitness testing and training device; record data
corresponding to the user performing the cognitive exercise; and
provide feedback on a performance of the user performing the
cognitive exercise.
19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18,
wherein default parameters of the cognitive exercise are modified
based at least in part on the data corresponding to the user
performing the physical exercise.
20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18,
further comprising: selecting the cognitive exercise from a
plurality of cognitive exercises based on the data corresponding to
the user performing the physical exercise.
21. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18,
wherein the physical exercise comprises walking a predetermined
distance or a predetermined number of steps, running the
predetermined distance or the predetermined number of steps,
cycling the predetermined distance, burning a predetermined number
of calories, performing a predetermined number of repetitions of a
given physical activity workout, performing a given type of
physical activity for a predetermined amount of time, or a
combination thereof.
22. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18,
wherein the cognitive exercise comprises an attention exercise, a
memory exercise, a processing speed exercise, a logical reasoning
exercise, a numerical reasoning exercise, a spatial reasoning
exercise, a verbal reasoning exercise, a language exercise, a
cognitive executive functions exercise, or a combination
thereof.
23. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising
instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause a
fitness testing and training device to: record data corresponding
to a user performing a cognitive exercise; provide feedback on a
performance of the user performing the cognitive exercise;
responsive to receiving an indication that the user completed the
cognitive exercise, generate, based on the data corresponding to
the user performing the cognitive exercise, a physical exercise for
display on the fitness testing and training device; record data
corresponding to the user performing the physical exercise; and
provide feedback on a performance of the user performing the
physical exercise.
24. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 23,
wherein default parameters of the physical exercise are modified
based at least in part on the data corresponding to the user
performing the cognitive exercise.
25. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 23,
further comprising: selecting the physical exercise from a
plurality of physical exercises based on the data corresponding to
the user performing the cognitive exercise.
26. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 23,
wherein the physical exercise comprises walking a predetermined
distance or a predetermined number of steps, running the
predetermined distance or the predetermined number of steps,
cycling the predetermined distance, burning a predetermined number
of calories, performing a predetermined number of repetitions of a
given physical activity workout, performing a given type of
physical activity for a predetermined amount of time, or a
combination thereof.
27. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 23,
wherein the cognitive exercise comprises an attention exercise, a
memory exercise, a processing speed exercise, a logical reasoning
exercise, a numerical reasoning exercise, a spatial reasoning
exercise, a verbal reasoning exercise, a language exercise, a
cognitive executive functions exercise, or a combination
thereof.
28. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising
instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause a
fitness testing and training device to: record data corresponding
to a user performing one or more physical exercises and one or more
cognitive exercises; analyze a physical performance of the user
performing the one or more physical exercises; analyze a cognitive
performance of the user performing the one or more cognitive
exercises; and calculate, based on the physical performance of the
user and the cognitive performance of the user, a composite
physical-cognitive score of the user performing the one or more
physical exercises and the one or more cognitive exercises.
29. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 28,
wherein the composite physical-cognitive score for the user is
compared with a plurality of similar scores for a plurality of
other users in a competitive setting or a leaderboard setting.
30. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 28,
wherein the physical exercise comprises walking a predetermined
distance or a predetermined number of steps, running the
predetermined distance or the predetermined number of steps,
cycling the predetermined distance, burning a predetermined number
of calories, performing a predetermined number of repetitions of a
given physical activity workout, performing a given type of
physical activity for a predetermined amount of time, or a
combination thereof.
31. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 28,
wherein the cognitive exercise comprises an attention exercise, a
memory exercise, a processing speed exercise, a logical reasoning
exercise, a numerical reasoning exercise, a spatial reasoning
exercise, a verbal reasoning exercise, a language exercise, a
cognitive executive functions exercise, or a combination thereof.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent
Application Ser. No. 62/349,311, filed Jun. 13, 2016, and entitled
"TRAINING AND REHABILITATION INVOLVING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND
COGNITIVE EXERCISES," the disclosure of which is incorporated by
reference herein in its entirety and made part hereof.
FIELD
[0002] Aspects of the invention relate to computerized training,
rehabilitation programs, and more specifically, to mobile device
applications aimed to increase the fitness level and/or cognitive
abilities of participants.
BACKGROUND
[0003] It is well-known that many people in the Western world do
not perform sufficient physical activity during their daily work or
leisure time, and that this leads to a multitude of chronic health
conditions like diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases.
Despite this knowledge, it is notoriously difficult for individuals
to change their lifestyle and avoid the negative long-term
consequences to their health.
[0004] Several factors are believed to be responsible for this
difficulty in changing from a sedentary lifestyle to a more active
one, which are mostly psychological in nature. Psychologists have
been dealing with the prevention and treatment of disorders caused
by physical inactivity by enrolling patients in behavioral
lifestyle interventions, which provide counselling and guidance to
individuals seeking to lead a healthier and more active life.
Although effective for the individuals who actively participate in
them, behavioral lifestyle interventions are plagued by the
inconvenience of visiting the psychologist on a regular basis, by
the lack of adherence to the protocol that participants need to
follow between visits, and ultimately by high dropout rates.
[0005] Since the advent of smartphones, a number of activity
tracking applications (apps) and associated wearables have been
developed that aim to increase the awareness of individuals of
their physical activity levels during the day and to point out
deficiencies in the number of steps taken (as determined by
pedometers) or in the number of calories burned (as determined by
accelerometer-based physical activity monitors). Several data
visualization tools have been developed that display individual
physical activity levels across time, or compare them to specific
benchmarks.
[0006] In order to make the user experience more enjoyable, in
recent years, activity tracking apps started to incorporate social
and gamification features. Initially employed as self-monitoring
tools, the individual users of these activity tracking apps may now
also communicate with each other in virtual communities, exchange
their fitness results and offer support and encouragement to each
other.
[0007] Further, in an effort aiming at increasing the engagement
with activity tracking applications, several industry players
started to implement gamification elements, and a few even
developed fitness-related apps that look more like games. However,
the game elements added to the fitness part of the programs so far
belong to two categories: rewards (e.g. points, levels, badges) and
social competition/cooperation (e.g. leaderboards).
[0008] Despite the wide adoption of activity tracking apps and
wearables in the last years, there are still serious limitations
regarding their efficacy to induce sustained lifestyle changes,
with the majority of users showing suboptimal results or abandoning
the usage after a few months. Although commercially successful,
current mobile fitness apps and games are not addressing adequately
the psychological factors involved in the behavioral change process
of sedentary people. Therefore, there is still a significant unmet
need in making these technologies more effective in their ability
to motivate people to increase their physical activity. The system
and methods described herein greatly reduce or eliminate the
shortcomings described above.
BRIEF SUMMARY
[0009] Systems, methods, and electronic devices aimed at motivating
users to perform physical activity are disclosed herein. These
entail combining physical activity with cognitive exercises in
specific ways, which may lead to increased user self-efficacy and
intrinsic motivation, and therefore, may ultimately lead to
increased levels of physical activity.
[0010] The approach disclosed herein involves compounding the
challenge of performing physical activity by adding cognitive
exercises in addition to a physical activity in a specific manner.
In the context of physical activity, the performance increase of a
sedentary user that is starting a physical activity program may be
quite slow, and the relative comparison to the average physical
activity levels of others might not be favorable at the beginning.
Thus, lack of "immediate gratification" in perceiving progress, or
even discouragement in the face of slow progress and poor
comparative performance, may be major hurdles in improving
self-efficacy. Due to the lack of self-efficacy, users may be less
motivated to improve their fitness with current physical activity
programs, apps and associated wearables.
[0011] Aspects of the present invention address the shortcomings
typically encountered with fitness programs, apps, and associated
wearables by incorporating cognitive exercises in the training
program in such a way that participants may improve their
self-efficacy along with other psychological factors, their
motivation to participate in these computerized programs, and
ultimately their level of physical activity. Aspects of the present
invention may involve the integration of physical activity with
cognitive exercises in such a manner that, although performed in an
alternating way and over a period of time, the exercises may be
perceived as a unitary behavior.
[0012] Initially, compounding physical activity with cognitive
exercises may appear motivationally detrimental, as it may be
increasing the difficulty of the tasks for the user rather than
providing encouragement and rewarding the user for performing
physical activity. However, the combined physical
activity/cognitive exercise may actually be linked to psychological
benefits that greatly outweigh the disadvantage of the increased
effort required from users. In a comparative field test evaluating
a conventional implementation of a program that rewarded users for
performing physical activity exercises versus an essentially
identical program that incorporated cognitive exercises on top of
physical activity exercises, the group that performed additional
cognitive exercises displayed far fewer dropout rates, and much
higher increases in physical activity (e.g., measured in daily
number of steps).
[0013] These effects may be attributed to increases in
self-efficacy of the users faced with both physical activity and
cognitive exercises. Self-efficacy stands out as a key construct in
the psychology of physical activity. It may be defined as people's
beliefs about their capabilities to complete tasks and reach goals
(Bandura A. Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral
Change. Psychol Rev 1977; 84: 191-215.). Self-efficacy may be
central to several theories applied in behavioral lifestyle
research, e.g. Social Cognitive Theory, Protection Motivation
Theory, Theory of Planned Behavior and Health Action Process
Approach. One recent review of these psychological theories may be
found in "Psychology of Physical Activity: Determinants, Well-Being
and Interventions" by Stuart J. H. Biddle, Nanette Mutrie and Trish
Gorely (third edition 2015 by Routledge).
[0014] In numerous studies, self-efficacy may be shown as a good
predictor of the adoption and maintenance of physical activity
behavior in healthy adults. Therefore, self-efficacy may be used in
order to increase a specific behavior. Self-efficacy techniques may
include providing feedback on past performance or providing
feedback in comparison to others' performance, as long as one's
performance is perceptibly increasing in time and comparing
favorably to the performance of others.
[0015] The integration of physical and cognitive exercises may be
crucial for the purpose of transferring psychologically motivating
factors from one component of the integrated behavior to another.
Specifically, the two components of the behavior, namely physical
activity and cognitive exercises, may be associated with different
feedback cycles: physical activity may include long feedback loops
of weeks, or even months, before a progress becomes visible and the
benefits associated with increased levels of physical fitness are
perceived. In contrast, improvements in cognitive exercises may be
much faster, such that improvements in performing cognitive tasks
may be evident within days, or even hours. The short feedback loops
of cognitive exercises may be linked with faster feelings of
achievement, a boost in confidence, and an increase in
self-efficacy. In order for this increase in self-efficacy to
extend to the physical activity component of the behavior as well,
the two component behaviors may need to be closely entangled in the
training program.
[0016] Aspects of the current invention provide several methods for
integrating physical exercises and cognitive exercises within a
training and rehabilitation system and apparatus with the purpose
of creating synergistic benefits between the two components. These
methods may involve one or more of the following: [0017] 1.
Including user tasks that comprise both physical activity and
cognitive exercises, [0018] 2. Unlockable cognitive exercises that
may be contingent upon the prior completion of a physical exercise,
[0019] 3. Unlockable physical exercises that may be contingent upon
the prior completion of a cognitive exercise, [0020] 4. Variable
cognitive exercise features/parameters that may be dependent upon
the prior completion of a physical exercise or upon the performance
attained in a prior physical exercise, [0021] 5. Variable physical
exercise features/parameters that may be dependent upon the prior
completion of a cognitive exercise or upon the performance attained
in a prior cognitive exercise, [0022] 6. Generation of a combined
score comprising a physical exercise sub-score and/or a cognitive
exercise sub-score, and [0023] 7. Generation of a combined progress
parameter or indicator (e.g. degree of program completion, level,
rank) that may depend both on the performance attained in physical
exercises and on the performance attained in cognitive
exercises.
[0024] In addition to the motivating effects on physical activity,
aspects of the present invention may also increase the efficacy of
cognitive exercises, as increased levels of physical activity may
improve people's brain plasticity, and therefore, cognitive
performance. Physical activity may lower dementia risk, cause the
release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which may
stimulate the growth of new neurons, and may cause the release of
irisin, a hormone linked to improved cognitive function.
[0025] Aspects of the present invention may describe a program that
combines physical activity with cognitive exercises in a
synergistic manner, such that users may be motivated to engage more
often and for longer periods of time in physical exercises, thereby
increasing their fitness levels. Conversely, the synergistic
effects of increased physical activity may benefit the cognitive
function and augment the efficacy of the performed cognitive
exercises. For example, the same dose of cognitive exercises,
linked with the physical activity component, may cause a greater
beneficial effect on cognition compared to a situation when the
cognitive exercises had been performed in an isolated manner,
without the linked physical activity component.
[0026] Aspects of the current invention may also be used in cases
of rehabilitation that may require physical and/or mental
recuperation. Several cardiovascular disorders, brain injuries, or
ailments of the locomotor system may benefit from the techniques,
methods and systems described herein.
[0027] Aspects of the invention describe a program that integrates
physical activity and cognitive exercises in a way that benefits
both the physical activity performance and the cognitive training
performance, much more than if physical activity and cognitive
exercises had been performed in isolation from each other.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0028] A more complete understanding of aspects described herein
and the advantages thereof may be acquired by referring to the
following description in consideration of the accompanying
drawings, in which like reference numbers indicate like features,
and wherein:
[0029] FIG. 1 illustrates a method, according to one embodiment, of
combining a series of physical and cognitive exercises provided to
a user, tracking the user's performance on those exercises, and
displaying results of those exercises to the user.
[0030] FIG. 2 illustrates general hardware elements that may be
used to implement any of the various systems or computing devices
discussed herein.
[0031] FIGS. 3A-B show illustrative output on a visual display
during initialization of a device according to aspects described
herein.
[0032] FIGS. 4A-B show illustrative output on a visual display
during selection of and performance of a physical exercise.
[0033] FIGS. 5A-B show illustrative output on a visual display
during selection of and performance of a cognitive exercise.
[0034] FIGS. 6A-B show illustrative output on a visual display
during selection of and performance of another cognitive
exercise.
[0035] FIGS. 7A-C show illustrative output on a visual display
recording or scoring a user's progress.
[0036] FIG. 8 shows illustrative output on a visual display for a
multiplayer feature.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0037] In the following description of the various embodiments,
reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part
hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration various
embodiments in which aspects described herein may be practiced. It
is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and
structural and functional modifications may be made without
departing from the scope of the described aspects and embodiments.
Aspects described herein are capable of other embodiments and of
being practiced or being carried out in various ways. Also, it is
to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein
are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as
limiting. Rather, the phrases and terms used herein are to be given
their broadest interpretation and meaning. The use of "including"
and "comprising" and variations thereof is meant to encompass the
items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as
additional items and equivalents thereof. The use of the terms
"mounted," "connected," "coupled," "positioned," "engaged" and
similar terms, is meant to include both direct and indirect
mounting, connecting, coupling, positioning and engaging.
[0038] FIG. 1 illustrates a method, according to one embodiment, of
combining a series of physical and cognitive exercises provided to
a user, tracking the user's performance on those exercises, and
displaying results of those exercises to the user.
[0039] In step 100, the system may use a user interface screen to
display a task involving a physical exercise and/or a cognitive
exercise. The system may receive physical exercises and/or
cognitive exercises from a server. After receiving the physical
exercises and/or cognitive exercises, a task may be displayed to
the user. The task may include a physical exercise and/or a
cognitive exercise. For example, the displayed task on the user
device may be: "Walk briskly for 30 minutes and then exercise your
memory for 5 minutes." Additionally, and/or alternatively, the
displayed task on the user device may be more generic, and hint
towards the underlying physical activity and/or cognitive exercise
rather than displaying the explicit parameters. For example, the
task may be: "Walk to the next waypoint and get the secret
password." In this case, "walk to the next waypoint" may imply 30
minutes of walking. Further, "get the password" may imply a 5
minute memory exercise that may be revealed at a later stage, such
as after completing the 30 minutes of walking. In some examples,
the physical exercise and/or cognitive exercise may automatically
commence without user input. In some embodiments, the physical
exercise and/or cognitive exercise may be designed to begin upon
receiving a user input indicating assent to the physical exercise
and/or cognitive exercise (e.g., by selecting a generated user
interface element indicating the exercise, clicking or tapping an
actual button or button of a generated user interface, pressing a
hotkey corresponding to the exercise, or issuing a verbal command
that may be detected by a microphone and interpreted by the
system).
[0040] In some instances, the system may be designed to alternate
between physical exercises and cognitive exercises. For example, an
"unlocked" and a "locked" exercise may be displayed on the user
device. The "unlocked" and "locked" exercises may be a multitude of
different physical exercises and/or cognitive exercises. For
example, a physical exercise or a cognitive exercise may be
"locked" until the "unlocked" exercise (e.g., another physical
exercise or cognitive exercise) has been completed, at which point
the "locked" physical exercise or the cognitive exercise may be
"unlocked." The locked status may be indicated, on the user device,
by a generated user interface that allows the user to see the
existence or details of the locked exercise, but marks the exercise
with an icon (e.g., a visual representation of a closed padlock or
a key), color (e.g., "graying out" the exercise), text, and/or
other visual effects. The system may also display future or
subsequent physical exercises and/or cognitive exercises, which may
remain locked until the current physical exercise and/or cognitive
exercise is completed.
[0041] The physical exercise may comprise the user taking a certain
number of steps (e.g., 1,000, 5,000, 6,000, or 10,000 steps),
travelling a predetermined distance (e.g., 1 mile, 2 miles, 5
kilometers, 5 miles, or a half-marathon [13.1 miles]), traversing a
certain number of vertical steps (e.g., 50, 100, or 200 steps of a
staircase), and/or burning an estimated number of calories through
physical activity (e.g., 100 calories, 200 calories, or 300
calories). The physical exercise may be performed by walking,
jogging, running, or other locomotion such as using a bicycle,
roller skates/blades, or skateboard. The user may have a time
period to perform the physical exercise. For example, the physical
exercise may be performed over a definite time period such as an
hour, a day, a two-day period, or a week. In some instances, the
user may have unlimited time to perform the physical exercise.
[0042] The cognitive exercise may comprise techniques used to test
and/or train the cognitive abilities of the user in one or more of
the following domains: attention, memory, processing speed, logical
reasoning, numerical reasoning, spatial reasoning, verbal
reasoning, language and cognitive executive functions. The
psychological techniques that are effective in testing and/or
training cognitive abilities have been investigated extensively in
clinical studies and described in the psychological literature. In
some examples, cognitive exercises may include: for attention
"Multiple Object Tracking" and "Useful Field of View"; for memory
"Complex Span" and "Dual N-Back"; and so forth. In some instances,
cognitive exercises may include a series of arithmetic problems,
extrapolating or interpolating patterns to identify missing
elements, matching exercises of examining a multitude of elements
and identifying common features, memorizing a series of numbers or
other elements, logic puzzles, and/or identifying synonyms,
antonyms, or translations of words.
[0043] In some embodiments, cognitive exercises may be untimed
(e.g., with a user goal of accurately answering as many questions
as possible), timed, but with a hard time limit (e.g., with a user
goal of answering as many correct answers as possible within a time
limit), or timed, but with no time limit (e.g., with a goal of
minimizing the time to answer exercises while maximizing
accuracy).
[0044] In some examples, the difficulty level of the physical
exercise and/or the cognitive exercise may be adjusted based on the
user. For example, the difficultly level may be based on the user's
previous accuracy and speed, such that a training effect occurs,
and the user improves and remains engaged with the exercises. In
some instances, the difficulty level of the physical exercise
and/or the cognitive exercise may be adjusted based on the
attributes for the user. For example, a user may input user
attributes, such as height, weight, and/or age. The system may
store the user attributes and change the difficulty level based on
the stored user attributes. In some embodiments, the difficulty
level of the physical exercise and/or the cognitive exercise may be
adjusted based on user input. For example, a user may input a
difficulty level (e.g., easy, medium, hard, extra hard) for the
physical exercise and/or the cognitive exercise. The system may
adjust the difficulty level based on the user input.
[0045] In step 105, the user may begin performing the unlocked
exercise. For example, the unlocked exercise may be the physical
exercise. The system may receive an indication to begin the
physical exercise. After receiving the indication, the system,
using one or more sensors of a user device and/or one or more
sensors connected to the user device, may detect and/or record the
user's physical activity. For example, a multiple-axis
accelerometer may be used as a pedometer to determine the number of
steps taken by the user since the physical exercise commenced. In
some examples, a global positioning system (GPS) receiver of the
device may track user's location over time to determine a total
distance traveled by the user since the physical exercise
commenced. The system may display determined statistics via a
generated user interface, such as a total number of steps taken
since the exercise commenced, a total number of steps taken by the
user in all exercises, a total distance traveled by the user since
the physical exercise commenced, a total distance traveled by the
user in all exercise, a total number of calories burned in the
current exercise, a current location of the user, and/or a
percentage or fraction of the current physical exercise that has
been completed.
[0046] In some examples, the unlocked exercise may be the cognitive
exercise. As explained in further detail below, the system may
detect and/or record the cognitive exercise performed by the user.
After the user completes the cognitive exercise, and the system
scores the cognitive exercise, the system may unlock the locked
physical exercise.
[0047] In step 110, the system may determine, periodically, whether
the unlocked exercise (e.g., the physical exercise) has been
completed. For example, the system may check multiple times per
second, once per second, multiple times per minute, once a minute,
or more rarely or frequently. The system may track the user's
progress and update any user interfaces displaying information to
the user until the requirements for the physical exercise is
met.
[0048] Once the system determines the user has completed the
unlocked exercise (e.g., the physical exercise), in step 115, the
system may analyze the recorded performance of the user and
determine a numerical and/or qualitative sub-score for the unlocked
exercise (e.g., the physical exercise). The sub-score may be based
on the amount of time taken to complete the exercise as compared to
a goal time, the amount and/or the intensity of the physical
exercise (e.g., taking 5,000 running steps), and/or the
distribution of the physical activity over time (e.g., whether the
user was active during many hours or only during a short period of
time). The sub-score may be a percentage (e.g., a percentage of the
total exercise completed within a goal time or a percentile ranking
of the user compared to other users), an integer (e.g., a certain
number of points per step or a certain number of points per minute
taken less than a goal time), a value indicating a ranking (e.g.,
"A", "B", or "C", or gold, silver, or bronze), and/or another
numerical representation.
[0049] The system, after determining the physical exercise
sub-score, may display the sub-score and/or other statistics
related to the performance of the physical exercise (e.g., time
taken, steps taken, distance traveled, calories burned, or a map
showing the user's path) on the user device. The system may
additionally display, on the user device, that the physical
exercise has been completed (e.g., displaying a message or
animation, causing a tactile vibration, and/or playing an audio
cue).
[0050] In some instances, the system may generate a reward for the
user. For example, the system, based on the sub-score for the
physical exercise, may generate a reward for the user. The reward
may assist the user in completing a later exercise, such as a
subsequent physical and/or cognitive exercise. For example, the
reward may allow a user more time to complete the exercise, allow a
user another attempt to complete the exercise, and/or allow a user
to skip or defer the exercise. In some instances, the reward may be
given to another player. For example, and explained in further
detail below, the system may include a multiplayer feature. The
multiplayer feature may include multiple players performing the
physical and/or cognitive exercises. Rewards from one player may be
transferred to another player to assist the other player in
performing the physical and/or cognitive exercises.
[0051] In step 120, after completing the unlocked exercise, the
system may notify the user that the locked exercise has been
unlocked. For example, after completing the physical exercise, the
system may indicate that the previously locked exercise (e.g., the
cognitive exercise) may be unlocked and ready to be performed. The
system may display a message or animation, play an audio cue, cause
a tactile vibration, change the color or text of the cognitive
exercise in the user interface, or remove a "locked" indicator icon
on the cognitive exercise in the user interface to indicate that
the user may begin. In some instances, the cognitive exercise may
be the unlocked exercise and the physical exercise may be the
locked exercise. After completing the cognitive exercise, the
system may unlock and/or display the "locked" physical
exercise.
[0052] In step 125, after "unlocking" the previously "locked"
exercise, the system and/or the user may determine whether to
proceed with default parameters for the previously locked exercise.
In some embodiments, the system may modify the default parameters
of the previously "locked" exercise. For example, the physical
exercise may be the unlocked exercise. After the user completes the
physical exercise, the cognitive exercise (e.g., the previously
locked exercise) may be unlocked. Certain characteristics of the
physical exercise may influence parameters of the subsequent
cognitive exercise. For instance, the physical exercise may be
completed within a predetermined time limit, and the system may
reward the user with an allocation of extra time in the subsequent
cognitive exercise. In some examples, the system may reward the
user based on the performance of the physical exercise with hints
to one or more subsequent exercises, fewer challenges to perform in
the given time, extending the choice of cognitive exercises to be
performed, giving the user greater flexibility in performing the
exercise, and/or other changes designed to make the cognitive
exercise more rewarding. Additionally, and/or alternatively, the
user may select parameters to make the exercise more challenging,
such as increasing the number or difficulty of the challenges to
perform, decreasing a time limit, or imposing other restrictions.
The rewards or options generated by the system in response to the
performance of the physical exercise may incentivize better
physical exercise performances in the future, and may also increase
the integration between the two exercise components of a training
program.
[0053] In some examples, the cognitive exercise may be the unlocked
exercise. After the user completes the cognitive exercise, the
physical exercise (e.g., the previously locked exercise) may be
unlocked. Certain characteristics of the cognitive exercise may
influence parameters of the subsequent physical exercise. For
instance, the cognitive exercise may be completed within a
predetermined time limit, and the system may reward the user with
an allocation of extra time in the subsequent physical exercise. In
some examples, the system may reward the user for a good cognitive
exercise performance with hints to one or more subsequent
exercises, fewer challenges to perform in the given time, extending
the choice of physical exercises to be performed, and/or other
changes designed to make the physical exercise more rewarding or
giving the user greater flexibility in performing the exercise.
Additionally, and/or alternatively, the user may select parameters
to make the exercise more challenging, such as increasing the
number or difficulty of the challenges to perform, decreasing a
time limit, or imposing other restrictions. The rewards or options
generated by the system in response to a good cognitive exercise
performance may incentivize better cognitive exercise performances
in the future and also increase the integration between the two
exercise components of a training program.
[0054] In step 130, after the parameters of the previously locked
exercise are determined, the system may receive a user indication
that the user may be ready to perform the previously locked
exercise. For example, similar to commencing with the unlocked
exercise, the system may receive user input indicating assent to
begin the exercise (e.g., by clicking or tapping an actual button
or button of a generated user interface, pressing a hotkey
corresponding to the exercise, or issuing a verbal command that may
be detected by a microphone and interpreted by the system). The
system may begin providing challenges for the user to perform,
according to the parameters determined in step 125. For example,
the previously locked exercise may be the cognitive exercise. The
system may record, using a timer, the challenge and/or for the set
of challenges, and may determine whether an input answer to the
cognitive exercise is correct. The system may display determined
statistics via a generated user interface, such as a total number
of correct answers, a total number of wrong answers, a percentage
of correct answers, a percentage of all challenge answered so far,
a time remaining or elapsed for the current challenge, or a total
time remaining or elapsed for the entire cognitive exercise.
[0055] In step 135, the system may periodically determine whether
the previously locked exercise (e.g., the cognitive exercise) has
been completed. For example, the system may check after each
cognitive challenge, of a set of challenges, if the cognitive
exercise has been completed. Additionally, and/or alternatively,
the cognitive exercise may include a time limit, and the system may
check a timer multiple times per second, once per second, multiple
times per minute, once a minute, or more rarely to determine
whether the time limit has elapsed. The system may track the user's
progress and update any user interfaces displaying information to
the user until the user completes the cognitive exercise (e.g.,
completion of all challenges or the timer elapses).
[0056] In step 140, the system may analyze the recorded performance
of the user and determine a numerical or qualitative sub-score for
the previously locked exercise (e.g., the cognitive exercise). For
example, the cognitive exercise sub-score may be based on the
amount of time taken to complete the exercise as compared to a goal
time, the average level of difficulty for all the challenges
comprising the cognitive exercise, the number of cognitive
challenges performed in the given time, or the number of errors
committed while performing the cognitive exercise. The sub-score
may be a percentage (such as a percentage of the total challenges
completed within a goal time, or a percentile ranking of the user
compared to other users), an integer (such as a certain number of
points per correct answer or a certain number of points per minute
taken less than a goal time), a value indicating a ranking (such as
"A", "B", or "C", or gold, silver, or bronze), or another numerical
representation.
[0057] In step 145, the physical exercise sub-score, as well as any
recorded data regarding performance in the physical exercise, and
the cognitive exercise sub-score, as well as any recorded data
regarding performance in the cognitive exercise, may be evaluated
by the system to determine an overall training score. The overall
training score may be a mathematical combination of the two
sub-scores (such as a sum or average of two numerical values), may
be based on the greater or lesser of the two sub-scores (such as
awarding a gold medal in the physical and a bronze medal in the
cognitive exercise an overall training score of gold, or bronze,
respectively), and/or may be converted from one type of sub-score
to a different type of overall training score (such as awarding an
overall training score of "A" if a user gets a physical sub-score
of 91% and a cognitive sub-score of 95%). The overall training
score may be purely a function of the two sub-scores, or may
incorporate other inputs such as the user's previous performances,
improvement of the user over time, or a scoring bonus earned from a
previous performance in a physical or cognitive exercise. The
overall training score may be displayed to the user, and may be
accompanied by the sub-scores of the two exercises, or data or
statistics regarding the performance in the two exercises. A graph,
table, or other visual representation may be generated to portray
the progress of the user in the training program over time.
[0058] In step 150, the system may also use the overall training
score or any other measure based on the performance attained in the
physical and cognitive exercises to calculate the progress of the
user in the training program. The progress may be portrayed as a
numerical parameter, such as the percentage completion of a part of
the training program, as part of a "leveling" system or other
reward system, whereby the program may provide rankings, badges,
additional content or other rewards for the progress. The overall
training score, or any other measure based on the performance
attained in the physical and cognitive exercises of the user, may
be also used as comparative measure with other users undergoing the
training program. For instance, the overall training score may be
used for ranking in a competition among several users or as basis
for a leaderboard.
[0059] After the user has completed both the physical exercise and
the cognitive exercise, the system may return to step 100, with a
newly unlocked exercise (e.g., physical exercise or cognitive
exercise) paired with a newly locked exercise (e.g., physical
exercise or cognitive exercise).
[0060] In some examples, the system may include a story mode
feature, such as displaying a mission on the user device. The
mission may include multiple cognitive exercises and multiple
physical exercises to be completed in succession, and the method,
as described in FIG. 1, may be completed multiple times. For
example, the story mode feature may include multiple unlocked and
locked exercises for a user to complete. The parameters of the
unlocked and locked exercises may be interdependent or related to
each other. For example, based on past recorded data of a user
performing physical and/or cognitive exercises, the system may
modify the default parameters of new unlocked or locked exercises
(e.g., the physical exercise and/or the cognitive exercise). The
modified default parameters may be based on the sub-score of the
cognitive exercise, the physical exercise, and/or the composite
score of the cognitive exercise and physical exercise. In some
instances, the system may modify the default parameters of the
cognitive exercise and/or physical exercise if a previous
iteration's physical exercise sub-score and/or cognitive exercise
sub-score is above a certain pre-defined threshold. In some
examples, the system may modify the default parameters of the
cognitive exercise and/or physical exercise if a previous
iteration's physical exercise sub-score and/or cognitive exercise
sub-score is below a certain pre-defined threshold. By modifying
the default parameters of the cognitive exercise and/or the
physical exercise, the system may make the next iteration of the
method described in FIG. 1 more or less challenging.
[0061] In some embodiments, the system may select new physical
exercises and/or new cognitive exercises based on past recorded
data (e.g., the sub-score of the cognitive exercise, the physical
exercise, and/or the composite score of the cognitive exercise and
physical exercise). For example, the system may select a more
challenging exercise if the composite score of the physical
exercise and the cognitive exercise, in the previous iteration, is
above a certain pre-defined threshold. In some examples, the system
may select a less challenging exercise if the composite score of
the physical exercise and the cognitive exercise, in the previous
iteration, is below a certain pre-defined threshold.
[0062] In some instances, the system may include a multiplayer
feature. The multiplayer feature may allow multiple users, in
various geographical areas, to perform the cognitive exercise
and/or physical exercise. The system may allow the user to compete
on cognitive and physical exercises with other users. For instance,
prior to starting the cognitive exercises, physical exercises,
and/or the story mode feature, the system may receive an indication
that the user would like to join a group of users. The group of
users may be friends of the user (e.g., social network application
friends) or may be based on a geographic area (e.g., within a
certain radius of the user device). After the user joins the group
of users, the user may perform cognitive exercises and/or physical
exercises. The exercises may be scored (e.g., sub-scores and/or
composite scores of the physical exercise and cognitive exercise).
These scores associated with the user may be compared with scores
from the group of users. For example, the system may receive the
scores, including the score associated with the user, from the
group users. After receiving the scores, the system may rank the
scores and display them in a leaderboard graphical interface. In
some embodiments, the system may give rewards and/or other
encouragement to entice the user to complete new cognitive
exercises and/or physical exercises (e.g., by giving the user
incentives).
[0063] FIG. 2 illustrates general hardware elements that may be
used to implement any of the various systems or computing devices
discussed herein. A mobile computing device 200 may include one or
more processors 201, which may execute instructions of a computer
program to perform any of the features described herein. The
instructions may be stored in any type of computer-readable medium
or memory, to configure the operation of the processor 201. For
example, instructions may be stored in a read-only memory (ROM)
202, random access memory (RAM) 203, removable media 204, such as a
secure digital (SD) card or any other desired storage medium.
Instructions may also be stored in an internal hard drive 205. The
mobile computing device 200 may include one or more output devices,
such as a display 206 or one or more speakers 207. There may also
be one or more user input devices 208, such as a number of buttons,
as well as a microphone 209, a touchscreen built into display 206,
a camera input 210 for user gestures. The mobile computing device
200 may comprise sensors, including a multiple-axis accelerometer
211 or a global positioning system (GPS) receiver 212.
[0064] The FIG. 2 example is only one possible hardware
configuration, and modifications may be made to add, remove,
combine, divide, etc. components of mobile computing device 200 as
desired. Multiple devices in communication with each other may be
used, such as a mobile device in communication with a server or
desktop computer over the Internet or another network, or a mobile
device communicating with multiple sensors in other physical
devices via Bluetooth, near field communications, or other wireless
or wired communications protocols. Mobile computing device 200 may
be a custom-built device comprising one or more of the features
described above, or may be a wearable device, such as a smart watch
or fitness tracking bracelet, with custom software installed, or
may be a smartphone or other commercially available mobile device
with a custom "app" or other software installed.
[0065] One or more aspects of the disclosure may be embodied in a
computer-usable data and/or computer-executable instructions, such
as in one or more program modules, executed by one or more
computers or other devices. Generally, program modules include
routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that
perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data
types when executed by a processor in a computer or other data
processing device. The computer executable instructions may be
stored on one or more computer readable media such as a hard disk,
optical disk, removable storage media, solid state memory, RAM,
etc. As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the
functionality of the program modules may be combined or distributed
as desired in various embodiments. In addition, the functionality
may be embodied in whole or in part in firmware or hardware
equivalents such as integrated circuits, field programmable gate
arrays (FPGA), and the like. Particular data structures may be used
to more effectively implement one or more aspects of the
disclosure, and such data structures are contemplated within the
scope of computer executable instructions and computer-usable data
described herein.
[0066] FIGS. 3A-B show illustrative output on a visual display
during initialization of a device according to aspects described
herein.
[0067] In FIG. 3A, a user may be prompted upon their first use of a
device to select their weight/mass 300, their birth year 301, and
their height 302, enabling estimations of calories burned,
estimation of overall health status, and potentially allowing
scoring a user in comparison to a cohort of other users with a
similar body type or age.
[0068] In FIG. 3B, a user may be prompted to select an avatar 310
that represents them in the series of exercises. A number of
possible avatars may be viewed using a slide show progression 311
controlled by the user, and the user may select a gender 312 for
the avatar as well. User engagement with the device may be
heightened if they feel a rapport with their avatar or feel more
immersed in the displays of the device.
[0069] FIGS. 4A-B show illustrative output on a visual display
during selection of and performance of a physical exercise.
[0070] In FIG. 4A, a user may be prompted to select a physical
exercise to perform when a physical exercise is unlocked, and may
be permitted to select a difficulty level 402 (which may influence
the amount of time permitted to complete the exercise, an amount of
physical activity/exertion required, or other aspects of the
difficulty) and an activity type 403, which may be, for example,
walking, jogging, or sprinting. After viewing the summary of the
exercise 401, which may include a total distance, total number of
steps, and/or duration of the exercise, as well as derived
statistics to help the user evaluate the exercise, such as the
number of necessary steps per minute to achieve the exercise, the
user may begin the exercise by selecting a start button 400.
[0071] In alternative embodiments, such as that illustrated by FIG.
4B, a user may immediately be presented with a new exercise after
completing a previous exercise, without options to customize the
exercise or its difficulty. The user may be presented simply with a
summary of the exercise 411 and a button to begin the exercise
410.
[0072] FIGS. 5A-B show illustrative output on a visual display
during selection of and performance of a cognitive exercise.
[0073] FIG. 5A depicts a display describing a cognitive exercise
that is about to begin. The display may comprise an icon 502
indicating the exercise type. For example, in some embodiments, the
exercise's type may be "speed," "memory," "attention," "reasoning,"
or "talking." The icon may use a first letter of the exercise type
to remind the user of what aspect of cognitive function will be
tested/trained. The display may comprise instructions 501 to
accompany an illustration of the exercise, and a button 500 to
begin the exercise when the user is ready.
[0074] FIG. 5B depicts a cognitive exercise underway. A timer 510
may be used to indicate an amount of time remaining before failing
the exercise, or an amount of time taken thus far. A progress bar
511 may use a series of checkmarks or other icons to indicate how
many total subparts the exercise comprises, and how many have been
completed or remain. The display may comprise a pause button 512 to
allow the user to pause the timer mid-exercise; in some
embodiments, a difficulty level may remove the pause button. Other
user interface elements 513 and 514 may allow the user to affect
the exercise, such as requesting a hint, skipping a current subpart
of the exercise, or changing the exercise to increase or decrease
its difficulty. The exercise itself may be performed by
manipulating screen area 515 in accordance with the instructions
501.
[0075] FIGS. 6A-B show illustrative output on a visual display
during selection of and performance of another cognitive
exercise.
[0076] FIG. 6A depicts a display describing another cognitive
exercise that is about to begin. The display may also comprise an
icon indicating the exercise type. The display may comprise
instructions 601 to accompany an illustration of the exercise, and
a button 600 to begin the exercise when the user is ready.
[0077] FIG. 6B depicts the other cognitive exercise underway. The
timer, progress bar, pause button, and other user interface
elements may be present as in the first example of a cognitive
exercise. The exercise itself may be performed by selecting hidden
objects listed in goal display 610 from the display in accordance
with the instructions 601 during a maximum allowable time.
[0078] FIGS. 7A-C show illustrative output on a visual display
recording or scoring a user's progress.
[0079] FIG. 7A depicts a scoring screen according to step 145,
wherein a number of points 700 have been assigned for performance
in the physical exercise, a number of points 701 have been assigned
for performance in the cognitive exercise, and a total number of
points have been credited to the user, as shown by progress bar
702, and level indicator 703. The progress bar may indicate a total
number of points received, a total number of points remaining until
the next level-up, or merely graphically display an increase in an
implicit value that is not displayed. As a user's level increases,
more options, difficulty levels, or exercise may be unlocked, and
other customization such as changes to an avatar may be
possible.
[0080] FIG. 7B depicts a progress screen for cognitive exercises. A
user may be assigned a level and score in each cognitive exercise
type, and a series of progress bars 710-714 may display those
levels and scores in each type. An overall level and score 715 may
be determined by averaging, adding, or otherwise incorporating the
type scores to give an overall measure of cognitive
performance.
[0081] FIG. 7C depicts a progress screen for physical progress. A
graph 720 may show total physical activity plotted over time, for
example, over the course of a day, week, month, or all time. Other
data displays 721 may include a distance traveled, a number of
steps taken, a total number of active minutes, or a number of
active calories (such as additional calories over a basal metabolic
rate) burned during the time period displayed. A daily step goal
722 may update in real time, showing progress towards completing a
particular physical exercise which is underway, or a general
progress even if no physical exercise is active.
[0082] FIG. 8 shows illustrative output on a visual display for a
multiplayer feature. For example, multiple users may be performing
the same mission (e.g., same story mode feature). The graphical
interface may display the current rankings 810 of multiple users.
Additionally, the graphical interface may display the mission
(e.g., London Mission) 811. The multiple users may be ranked 812 by
the completion progress of the mission, which may represent a
composite indicator for completing both physical exercises as well
as cognitive exercises. Additionally, and/or alternatively, the
rankings 812 may be based on the composite score of the cognitive
exercise and physical exercise, the sub-score of the physical
exercise, and/or the sub-score of the cognitive exercise. Further,
the name of the user and the information (e.g., the number of steps
per day for the user) may be displayed. The number of steps per day
for the user may be based on the average number of steps the user
takes in a given time period (e.g., the average number of steps per
day for the user in the past two weeks).
[0083] Although the subject matter has been described in language
specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is
to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended
claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts
described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described
above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the
claims.
* * * * *