U.S. patent application number 15/229692 was filed with the patent office on 2017-12-07 for hybrid air conditioning apparatus.
The applicant listed for this patent is Delta Electronics, Inc.. Invention is credited to Chao-Hsien CHAN, Chih-Hsiang CHANG, Yuan-Ping HSIEH, Chen-Yu HUNG, Tung-Hung SHIH.
Application Number | 20170350607 15/229692 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 60482760 |
Filed Date | 2017-12-07 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170350607 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
CHANG; Chih-Hsiang ; et
al. |
December 7, 2017 |
HYBRID AIR CONDITIONING APPARATUS
Abstract
A hybrid air conditioning apparatus includes a first air
conditioning device and a second air conditioning device. The first
air conditioning device is a cooling and heating air conditioner,
and the second air conditioning device communicates with the first
air conditioning device. Air modulated by the second air
conditioning device is sent to the first air conditioning device
for cooling and heating air adjustment. Accordingly, the air
discharged from the first air conditioning device has enhanced
quality and all kinds of properties in the air are provided
uniformly.
Inventors: |
CHANG; Chih-Hsiang; (Taoyuan
City, TW) ; CHAN; Chao-Hsien; (Taoyuan City, TW)
; HUNG; Chen-Yu; (Taoyuan City, TW) ; SHIH;
Tung-Hung; (Taoyuan City, TW) ; HSIEH; Yuan-Ping;
(Taoyuan City, TW) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Delta Electronics, Inc. |
Taoyuan City |
|
TW |
|
|
Family ID: |
60482760 |
Appl. No.: |
15/229692 |
Filed: |
August 5, 2016 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24F 12/001 20130101;
Y02B 30/563 20130101; F24F 2003/1617 20130101; F24F 3/14 20130101;
F24F 5/001 20130101; Y02B 30/56 20130101; F24F 3/16 20130101; F24F
3/044 20130101; F24F 13/20 20130101 |
International
Class: |
F24F 3/044 20060101
F24F003/044; F24F 3/16 20060101 F24F003/16; F24F 3/14 20060101
F24F003/14; F24F 5/00 20060101 F24F005/00; F24F 12/00 20060101
F24F012/00; F24F 13/20 20060101 F24F013/20 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jun 6, 2016 |
TW |
105117791 |
Claims
1. A hybrid air conditioning apparatus, comprising: a first air
conditioning device, the first air conditioning device being a
cooling and heating air conditioner, and a second air conditioning
device, the second air conditioning device communicating with the
first air conditioning device, air modulated by the second air
conditioning device being sent to the first air conditioning device
for cooling and heating air adjustment to enhance quality of the
air discharged from the first air conditioning device.
2. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 1, wherein the
second air conditioning device is an air purifier, and the second
air conditioning device sends the purified air to the first air
conditioning device for the cooling and heating air adjustment.
3. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 2, wherein the
first air conditioning device includes a first wind blowing power,
the second air conditioning device includes a second wind blowing
power, the second air conditioning device sends the purified air to
the first air conditioning device by the second wind blowing power,
and the first wind blowing power of the first air conditioning
device decreases by means of the second wind blowing power.
4. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 2, wherein the
first air conditioning device includes an evaporator, and the first
air conditioning device makes a substance in the air attached by
means of moisture formed on a surface of the evaporator, so that
concentration of the substance is reduced to further purify the air
sent to the first air conditioning device.
5. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 2, wherein the
first air conditioning device includes an evaporator and a
humidifier, and the first air conditioning device humidifies the
incoming clean air from the second air conditioning device by means
of the evaporator or/and the humidifier.
6. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 5, wherein the
first air conditioning device heats the incoming clean air from the
second air conditioning device by means of the evaporator.
7. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 2, further
comprising a third air conditioning device, the third air
conditioning device being an energy recovery ventilator, the second
air conditioning device and the third air conditioning device being
connected in parallel and each being in communication with the
first air conditioning device, or alternatively the second air
conditioning device communicating between the first air
conditioning device and the third air conditioning device to be
connected in series with each other.
8. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 7, wherein the
third air conditioning device performs extra adjustment in
temperature or/and humidity according to operations of the first
air conditioning device, and the third air conditioning device
sends the air adjusted in the temperature or/and the humidity to
the first air conditioning device for the cooling and heating air
adjustment.
9. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 8, wherein the
first air conditioning device includes an evaporator and a
humidifier, and the first air conditioning device humidifies the
air adjusted in the temperature or/and the humidity and coming in
from the third air conditioning device by means of the evaporator
or/and the humidifier.
10. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 8, wherein the
first air conditioning device includes an evaporator and a
humidifier, and the first air conditioning device heats the air
adjusted in the temperature or/and the humidity and coming in from
the third air conditioning device by means of the evaporator.
11. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 8, wherein the
third air conditioning device introduces in fresh air having a low
carbon dioxide content from outside, the third air conditioning
device sends the incoming fresh air to the first air conditioning
device, and the first air conditioning device effects second
adjustment in the temperature or/and the humidity for the fresh
air.
12. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 8, wherein the
first air conditioning device includes an evaporator, and the first
air conditioning device makes a substance in the air attached by
means of moisture formed on a surface of the evaporator, so that
concentration of the substance is reduced to further purify the air
sent to the first air conditioning device.
13. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 7, wherein the
third air conditioning device effects precooling and preheating and
sends the precooled or preheated air to the first air conditioning
device, and the first air conditioning devices performs the cooling
and heating air adjustment for the precooled or preheated air to
thereby reduce power consumption.
14. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 1, wherein the
second air conditioning device is an energy recovery ventilator,
the second air conditioning device performs extra adjustment in
temperature or/and humidity according to operations of the first
air conditioning device, and the second air conditioning device
sends the air adjusted in the temperature or/and the humidity to
the first air conditioning device for the cooling and heating air
adjustment.
15. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 14, wherein the
first air conditioning device includes an evaporator and a
humidifier, and the first air conditioning device humidifies the
air adjusted in the temperature or/and the humidity and coming in
from the second air conditioning device by means of the evaporator
or/and the humidifier.
16. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 14, wherein the
first air conditioning device includes an evaporator and a
humidifier, and the first air conditioning device heats the air
adjusted in the temperature or/and the humidity and coming in from
the second air conditioning device by means of the evaporator.
17. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 14, wherein the
second air conditioning device introduces in fresh air having a low
carbon dioxide content from outside, the second air conditioning
device sends the incoming fresh air to the first air conditioning
device, and the first air conditioning device effects adjustment in
the temperature or/and the humidity again for the fresh air.
18. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 14, wherein the
first air conditioning device includes an evaporator, and the first
air conditioning device makes a substance in the air attached by
means of moisture formed on a surface of the evaporator, so that
concentration of the substance is reduced to purify the air sent to
the first air conditioning device.
19. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 14, wherein the
second air conditioning device effects precooling and preheating
and sends the precooled or preheated air to the first air
conditioning device, and the first air conditioning device performs
the cooling and heating air adjustment for the precooled or
preheated air to thereby reduce power consumption.
20. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 15, wherein the
second air conditioning device effects precooling and preheating
and sends the precooled or preheated air to the first air
conditioning device, and the first air conditioning device performs
the cooling and heating air adjustment for the precooled or
preheated air to thereby reduce power consumption.
21. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 16, wherein the
second air conditioning device effects precooling and preheating
and sends the precooled or preheated air to the first air
conditioning device, and the first air conditioning device performs
the cooling and heating air adjustment for the precooled or
preheated air to thereby reduce power consumption.
22. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 17, wherein the
second air conditioning device effects precooling and preheating
and sends the precooled or preheated air to the first air
conditioning device, and the first air conditioning device performs
the cooling and heating air adjustment for the precooled or
preheated air to thereby reduce power consumption.
23. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 18, wherein the
second air conditioning device effects precooling and preheating
and sends the precooled or preheated air to the first air
conditioning device, and the first air conditioning device performs
the cooling and heating air adjustment for the precooled or
preheated air to thereby reduce power consumption.
24. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 1, further
comprising a housing, all the air conditioning devices being
disposed inside the housing.
25. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 2, further
comprising a housing, all the air conditioning devices being
disposed inside the housing.
26. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 7, further
comprising a housing, all the air conditioning devices being
disposed inside the housing.
27. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus of claim 14, further
comprising a housing, all the air conditioning devices being
disposed inside the housing.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to an air conditioning
apparatus and, in particular, to a hybrid air conditioning
apparatus mainly including a cooling and heating air
conditioner.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Regarding air conditioners, at present there are an air
conditioner (AC), an air cleaner (CLR), and an energy recovery
ventilator (ERV). The cooling and heating air conditioner can
adjust temperature of air, the air purifier can purify the air, and
the energy recovery ventilator can carry out temperature or/and
humidity adjustment according to operations of other air
conditioners.
[0003] However, each of the above-mentioned air conditioners
operates independently, so each air conditioner provides its
functions independently, which leading to an additional increase in
power consumption and a waste in space. Moreover, a variety of air
properties, such as temperature, moisture, and carbon dioxide
concentration, can only be controlled separately, so it is unable
to achieve uniformity of the air properties.
[0004] Accordingly, the inventor aims to solve the above problems,
on the basis of which the present invention is accomplished.
SUMMARY
[0005] It is an object of the present invention to provide a hybrid
air conditioning apparatus, wherein the final discharge air quality
output from the first air conditioning device is enhanced by using
a second air conditioning device (e.g. an air purifier or an energy
recovery ventilator) in communication with a first air conditioning
device (i.e. a cooling and heating air conditioner).
[0006] Accordingly, the present invention provides a hybrid air
conditioning apparatus, comprising: a first air conditioning
device, the first air conditioning device being a cooling and
heating air conditioner; a second air conditioning device in
communication with the first air conditioning device, air modulated
by the second air conditioning device being sent to the first air
conditioning device for cooling and heating air adjustment, so that
the air quality output from the first air conditioning device is
enhanced.
[0007] Compared with conventional techniques, the present invention
enhances the final discharge air quality output from the first air
conditioning device, and a variety of air properties are provided
uniformly.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] The disclosure will become more fully understood from the
detailed description, and the drawings given herein below is for
illustration only, and thus does not limit the disclosure,
wherein:
[0009] FIG. 1 is a schematic planar view according to the first
embodiment of the present invention;
[0010] FIG. 2 is a schematic planar view according to the second
embodiment of the present invention;
[0011] FIG. 3 is a schematic planar view according to the third
embodiment of the present invention; and
[0012] FIG. 4 is a schematic planar view according to the fourth
embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] Detailed descriptions and technical contents of the present
invention are illustrated below in conjunction with the accompany
drawings. However, it is to be understood that the descriptions and
the accompany drawings disclosed herein are merely illustrative and
exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the present
invention.
[0014] The present invention provides a hybrid air conditioning
apparatus mainly includes a cooling and heating air conditioner,
and further includes one other air conditioning device
communicating with the cooling and heating air conditioner so as to
enhance air quality output therefrom, reduce power consumption,
reduce waste in space, make all kinds of air properties (e.g.
temperature, moisture and carbon dioxide concentration) provided
uniformly. FIGS. 1 to 4 are schematic planar views according to the
first to the fourth embodiments of the present invention.
[0015] Please refer to FIG. 1, showing a hybrid air conditioning
apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present
invention. The hybrid air conditioning apparatus includes a first
air conditioning device and a second air conditioning device. The
first air conditioning device is a cooling and heating air
conditioner 1 (alternatively called: air conditioner), and the
second air conditioning device is an air purifier 2 (alternatively
called: air cleaner).
[0016] The air purifier 2 is in communication with the cooling and
heating air conditioner 1. In other words, an outlet end 22 of the
air purifier 2 communicates with an intake end 11 of the cooling
and heating air conditioner 1. As a result, outside fresh air is
purified by the air purifier 2 first, and then the purified clean
air is sent to the cooling and heating air conditioner 1 for
cooling and heating air adjustment. To be specific, the outside
fresh air is introduced into the air purifier 2 from an intake end
21 thereof After the incoming fresh air is purified, it is sent to
the cooling and heating air conditioner 1 via the outlet end 22 of
the air purifier 2 and the intake end 11 of the cooling and heating
air conditioner 1, so that the purified air from the air purifier 2
is converted to cooled air or heated air, and the cooled air or the
heated air is then discharged from an outlet end 12.
[0017] The cooling and heating air conditioner 1 includes a first
wind blowing power 15, and the air purifier 2 includes a second
wind blowing power 25. The cooling and heating air conditioner 1
and the air purifier 2 communicate with each other in series by
means of the intake end 21 and the outlet end 22 of the air
purifier 2, and the intake end 11 and the outlet end 12 of the
cooling and heating air conditioner 1. The air purifier 2 sends the
purified clean air to the cooling and heating air conditioner 1 by
the second wind blowing power 25, and besides this, the first wind
blowing power 15 of the cooling and heating air conditioner 1 can
decrease by means of the second wind blowing power 25. In other
words, under the premise of the same lift (i.e. the longest
distance which the air can be sent to by the hybrid air
conditioning apparatus), since the second wind blowing power 25
imparts a force to the first wind blowing power 15, the first wind
blowing power 15 of the first air conditioning device 1 can
decrease, or alternatively the second wind blowing power 25 of the
air purifier 2 can decrease--it depends on which wind blowing power
15, 25 consumes larger power. That is to say, the wind blowing
power consuming larger power is selected to decrease so as to
reduce power consumption.
[0018] By combining the cooling and heating air conditioner 1 and
the air purifier 2 into one and communicating them with each other,
the present invention further provides the following functions:
[0019] 1. The air sent to the cooling and heating air conditioner 1
is the clean air passing through and purified by the air purifier
2, and concentration of a substance in the air can be reduced via
the air purifier 2. Therefore, the cooling and heating air
conditioner 1 can operate in the clean air for a long time, and as
a result, a lot of filters of the cooling and heating air
conditioner 1 can be saved to lower costs. The substance can be,
for example, a total volatile organic compound (TVOC),
Formaldehyde, and particulate matters. [0020] 2. Furthermore, the
cooling and heating air conditioner 1 includes an evaporator 16 and
a humidifier 17, wherein the evaporator 16 can adjust temperature
and humidity, and the humidifier 17 can adjust humidity. Therefore,
the cooling and heating air conditioner 1 can perform second
adjustment for the incoming clean air from the air purifier 2 by
means of the evaporator 16 or/and the humidifier 17, detailed as
follows: [0021] a) The cooling and heating air conditioner 1 can
humidify the incoming clean air from the air purifier 2 by means of
the evaporator 16 or/and the humidifier 17, so as to increase the
humidity of the air finally discharged. [0022] b) The cooling and
heating air conditioner 1 can heat the incoming clean air from the
air purifier 2 by means of the evaporator 16, thus resulting in an
increase in the temperature of the air finally discharged.
Certainly, the temperature and the humidity of the air finally
discharged can both increase at the same time by the hybrid air
conditioning apparatus of the present invention. [0023] 3. The
cooling and heating air conditioner 1 can make the substance
attached by means of moisture on a surface of the evaporator 16,
thereby resulting in second air filtering (i.e. second air
purification) and lowering the concentration of the substance in
the air, consequently further purifying the air sent to the cooling
and heating air conditioner 1 to enhance the final discharge air
quality.
[0024] Please refer to FIG. 2, showing a hybrid air conditioning
apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present
invention. The second embodiment is similar to the first embodiment
with the difference that the second air conditioning device is not
the air purifier 2 in the first embodiment, detailed as
follows.
[0025] The hybrid air conditioning apparatus in the second
embodiment of the present invention also includes a first air
conditioning device and a second air conditioning device. The first
air conditioning device is also a cooling and heating air
conditioner 1, and the second air conditioning device is an energy
recovery ventilator 3 instead.
[0026] The energy recovery ventilator 3 performs extra adjustment
in temperature or/and humidity according to operations of the
cooling and heating air conditioner 1. Therefore, the energy
recovery ventilator 3 can send the air adjusted in the temperature
or/and the humidity to the cooling and heating air conditioner 1
for the cooling and heating air adjustment.
[0027] The energy recovery ventilator 3 is in communication with
the cooling and heating air conditioner 1. That is to say, the
intake end 11 of the cooling and heating air conditioner 1
communicates with an outlet end 32 of the energy recovery
ventilator 3. Accordingly, the outside fresh air can be modulated
by the energy recovery ventilator 3 first, and the modulated air is
then sent to the cooling and heating air conditioner 1 for the
cooling and heating air adjustment. To be specific, the outside
fresh air is introduced into the energy recovery ventilator 3 from
an intake end 31 thereof, and after the incoming fresh air is
adjusted in the temperature or/and the humidity by the energy
recovery ventilator 3, the air is then sent to the cooling and
heating air conditioner 1 via the outlet end 32 of the energy
recovery ventilator 3 and the intake end 11 of the cooling and
heating air conditioner 1. Thus, the air adjusted in the
temperature and the humidity from the energy recovery ventilator 3
is converted into cooled air or heated air to be discharged from
the outlet end 12.
[0028] By combining the cooling and heating air conditioner 1 and
the energy recovery ventilator 3 into one and communicating them
with each other, the present invention further provides the
following functions. [0029] 1. The energy recovery ventilator 3
introduces in fresh air with a low carbon dioxide content from
outside, the energy recovery ventilator 3 sends the incoming fresh
air to the cooling and heating air conditioner 1, and the cooling
and heating air conditioner 1 adjusts the fresh air in the
temperature or/and the humidity, so it is efficient and quick to
enhance the air quality. [0030] 2. Since the energy recovery
ventilator 3 can effect precooling and preheating and send the
precooled or preheated air to the first air conditioner 1, the
first cooling and heating air conditioner 1 correspondingly
performs the cooling and heating air adjustment for the precooled
or preheated air. In other words, in all of the above-mentioned
modulation methods of the second embodiment, the energy recovery
ventilator 3 is employed to effect precooling or preheating of the
air to be sent to the cooling and heating air conditioner 1. As a
result, good air quality is provided, and besides this, there is a
great saving in power consumption when the cooling and heating air
conditioner 1 adjusts temperature for the final discharge air.
[0031] 3. Furthermore, the cooling and heating air conditioner 1
can further include an evaporator 16 and a humidifier 17. The
evaporator 16 can adjust the temperature and the humidity, and the
humidifier 17 can adjust the humidity. Therefore, the cooling and
heating air conditioner 1 can perform extra, second adjustment for
the incoming air from the energy recovery ventilator 3 via the
evaporator 16 or/and the humidifier 17, detailed as follows. [0032]
a) The cooling and heating air conditioner 1 can humidify the
incoming air adjusted in the temperature or/and the humidity from
the energy recovery ventilator 3 via the evaporator 16 or/and the
humidifier 17, thereby causing the extra, second adjustment in the
humidity for the final discharge air. [0033] b) The cooling and
heating air conditioner 1 can heat the incoming air adjusted in the
temperature or/and the humidity from the energy recovery ventilator
3 via the evaporator 16, thereby causing second adjustment in the
temperature for the final discharge air. Certainly, the hybrid air
conditioning apparatus of the present invention can make second
adjustment of the final discharge air in the temperature and the
humidity at the same time. [0034] 4. The energy recovery ventilator
3 can filter the incoming air, and the cooling and heating air
conditioner 1 can make a substance in the air attached by means of
moisture formed on a surface of the evaporator 16, thereby causing
second filtering of the air (i.e. second air purification) and
reducing concentration of the substance in the air, so that the air
sent to the cooling and heating air conditioner 1 is further
purified, and the final discharge air quality is enhanced.
[0035] Please refer to FIG. 3 which shows the hybrid air
conditioning apparatus according to the third embodiment of the
present invention. The third embodiment is similar to the first
embodiment with the difference that the third embodiment further
includes a third air conditioning device, detailed as follows.
[0036] The hybrid air conditioning apparatus according to the third
embodiment of the present invention includes: a first air
conditioning device, a second air conditioning device and a third
air conditioning device. The first air conditioning device is also
a cooling and heating air conditioner 1, the second air
conditioning device is an air purifier 2, and the third air
conditioning device is an energy recovery ventilator 3.
[0037] In the third embodiment, the air purifier 2 communicates
between the cooling and heating air conditioner 1 and the energy
recovery ventilator 3 to be connected in series with each other.
Therefore, the outside fresh air is introduced in from an intake
end 31 of the energy recovery ventilator 3, the incoming fresh air
is adjusted in the temperature or/and the humidity by the energy
recovery ventilator 3, and then is sent to the air purifier 2 via
the outlet end 32 of the energy recovery ventilator 3 and the
intake end 21 of the air purifier 2. The air adjusted in the
temperature or/and the humidity sent to the air purifier 2 is
purified by the air purifier 2, and then is sent to the cooling and
heating air conditioning device 1 via the outlet end 22 of the air
purifier 2 and the intake end 11 of the cooling and heating air
conditioning device 1, so that the air adjusted in the temperature
or/and the humidity and purified is converted into cooled air or
heated air to be discharged from the outlet end 12.
[0038] By combining the cooling and heating air conditioner 1, the
air purifier 2, and the energy recovery ventilator 3 into one, and
making them connected in series with each other, the third
embodiment provides all of the functions mentioned in the first
embodiment and the second embodiment, and a detailed description of
the functions is omitted herein for brevity.
[0039] Please refer to FIG. 4, showing the hybrid air conditioning
apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present
invention. The fourth embodiment is similar to the third embodiment
but has different connection configuration, detailed as
follows.
[0040] The hybrid air conditioning apparatus according to the
fourth embodiment of the present invention also includes: a first
air conditioning device, a second air conditioning device, and a
third air conditioning device. The first air conditioning device is
also a cooling and heating air conditioner 1, the second air
conditioning device is also an air purifier 2, and the third air
conditioning device is also an energy recovery ventilator 3.
[0041] In the fourth embodiment, the air purifier 2 and the energy
recovery ventilator 3 are connected in parallel and each are in
communication with the cooling and heating air conditioner 1.
Therefore, among the intake end 11 and the outlet end 12 of the
cooling and heating air conditioner 1, and the intake end 21 and
the outlet end 22 of the air purifier 2, the connection
configuration is the same and achieves the same functions as the
first embodiment, so a detailed description in this regard is
omitted herein for brevity. Moreover, among the intake end 11 and
the outlet end 12 of the cooling and heating air conditioner 1, and
the intake end 31 and the outlet end 32 of the energy recovery
ventilator 3, the connection configuration is the same and achieves
the same functions as the second embodiment, so a detailed
description in this regard is omitted therein for brevity.
[0042] Furthermore, according to the first to fourth embodiments
mentioned above, the hybrid air conditioning apparatus can further
include a housing 100. The first air conditioning device (the
cooling and heating air conditioner 1) and the second air
conditioning device (the air purifier 2 or the energy recovery
ventilator 3) are both disposed in the housing 100, or
alternatively the three devices--the first air conditioning device
(the cooling and heating air conditioner 1), the second air
conditioning device (the air purifier 2), and the third air
conditioning device (the energy recovery ventilator 3)--are all
disposed in the housing 100; however, the present invention is not
limited to having the housing 100 as a must, as the present
invention can be carried out when all foregoing conditioning
devices 1, 2, 3 are in communication with each other.
[0043] It is to be understood that the above descriptions are
merely the preferable embodiment of the present invention and are
not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Equivalent changes and modifications made in the spirit of the
present invention are regarded as falling within the scope of the
present invention.
* * * * *