Tal-mediated Transfer Dna Insertion

Abstract

The invention relates to methods for stably integrating a desired polynucleotide into a plant genome, comprising transforming plant material with a first vector comprising nucleotide sequences encoding TAL proteins designed to recognize a target sequence; transforming the plant material with a second vector comprising (i) a marker gene that is not operably linked to a promoter ("promoter-free marker cassette") and which comprises a sequence homologous to the target sequence; and (ii) a desired polynucleotide; and identifying transformed plant material in which the desired polynucleotide is stably integrated.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. provisional application No. 61/790,434, filed Mar. 15, 2013, and U.S. provisional application No. 61/728,466, filed Nov. 20, 2012, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

SEQUENCE LISTING

[0002] The instant application contains a Sequence Listing which has been submitted electronically in ASCH format and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said ASCH copy, created on Jan. 30, 2014, is named 058951-0450_SL.txt and is 100,363 bytes in size.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The present invention relates to the field of plant biotechnology and provides methods for targeted transfer DNA insertion for the production of plants and plant products with desirable traits.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0004] A plant can be modified through insertion of a DNA segment into its genome. The added DNA comprises genetic elements rearranged to produce RNA that either encodes a protein or triggers the degradation of specific native RNA. The prior art teaches a variety of sub-optimal methods that result in non-targeted (unpredictable and random) insertion.

[0005] These is a need in the art for an efficient and reproducible production of genetically engineered plants and plant products with desirable traits. The challenges associated with the employment of transgenic traits are disconcerting, especially because important quality issues have not effectively been addressed through conventional breeding.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] One aspect of the present invention is a method for stably integrating a desired polynucleotide into a plant genome, comprising:

(A) transforming plant material with a first vector comprising sequences encoding TAL proteins designed to recognize a target sequence; (B) transforming the plant material with a second vector comprising (i) a marker gene that is not operably linked to a promoter ("promoter-free marker cassette") and which comprises a sequence homologous to the target sequence; and (ii) a desired polynucleotide; and (C) identifying transformed plant material in which the desired polynucleotide is stably integrated.

[0007] In one embodiment, the transformed plant material is exposed to conditions that reflect the presence or absence of the marker gene in the transformed plant. In another embodiment, the marker gene is a herbicide resistance gene and the transformed plant material is exposed to herbicide. In one embodiment, the herbicide resistance gene is the ALS gene. In another embodiment, the promoter-free marker cassette is stably integrated into the plant genome.

[0008] In another embodiment, the invention provides a method for the targeted insertion of exogenous DNA into a plant comprising the steps of (i) transforming isolated plant cells with (A) a first binary vector comprising a promoter-less cassette comprising (a) a right border sequence linked to (b) a partial sequence of the Ubi7 intron 5'-untranslated region; (c) an Ubi7 monomer-encoding sequence fused to a mutated acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene; (d) a desired nuelcotide sequence; and (e) a terminator sequence, wherein the desired nucleotide sequence is not operably linked to a promoter; and (B) a second binary vector comprising (a) a right border; (b) a forward expression cassette and a reverse expression cassette, each comprising a modified TAL effector operably linked to a strong constitutive promoter, and a terminator sequence; and (c) a sequence encoding an enzyme involved in cytokinin production, such as isopentenyl transferase (ipt), wherein the modified TAL effector is designed to bind the desired nucleotide sequence within an intron of potato's ubiquitin-7 (Ubi7) gene; and (ii) culturing the isolated plant cells under conditions that promote growth of plants that express the desired nucleotide sequence; wherein no vector backbone DNA is permanently inserted into the plant genome.

[0009] In a preferred aspect of the invention, the modified TAL effector comprises (a) a truncated C-terminal activation domain comprising a Fok1 endonuclease catalytic domain; (b) a codon-optimized target sequence binding domain comprising 16.5 repeat variable diresidues corresponding to the Ubi7 5'-untranslated intron sequence; and (c) an N-terminal region comprising a SV40 nuclear localizaton sequence.

[0010] In an additional preferred aspect of the invention, the desired nucleotide sequence is a silencing cassette targeting one or more genes selected from the group consisting of asparagine synthase 1 (Asn1), polyphenol oxidase (Ppo), and vacuolar invertase (Inv) genes. In an even more preferred aspect of the invention, the first binary vector further comprises a late blight resistance gene Vnt1 operably linked to its native promoter and terminator sequences.

[0011] In a different embodiment, the invention provides a transformed plant comprising in its genome an endogenous Ubi7 promoter operably linked to a desired exogenous nucleotide sequence operably linked to an exogenous terminator sequence. In one aspect of the invention, the expression of one or more genes selected from the group consisting of asparagine synthase 1 (Asn1), polyphenol oxidase (Ppo), and vacuolar invertase (Inv) genes in the transformed plant is down-regulated. In a preferred aspect of the invention, the plant further expresses a late blight resistance gene Vnt 1.

[0012] In one embodiment, the transformed plant is a tuber-bearing plant. In a preferred embodiment, the tuber-bearing plant is a potato plant. Preferably, the transformed plant has a phenotype characterized by one or more of late blight resistance, black spot bruise tolerance, reduced cold-induced sweetening and reduced asparagine levels in its tubers.

[0013] In yet another embodiment, the invention provides a heat-processed product of the transformed plant of the invention. Preferably, the heat-processed product is a French fry, chip, crisp, potato, dehydrated potato or baked potato. In a preferred aspect of the invention, the heat-processed product has a lower level of acrylamide than a heat-processed product of a non-transformed plant of the same species.

[0014] In a different embodiment, the invention provides a modified TAL effector designed to bind to a desired sequence comprising (a) a truncated C-terminal activation domain comprising a catalytic domain: (b) a codon-optimized target sequence binding domain; and (c) an N-terminal region comprising a nuclear localization sequence. In a preferred aspect of the invention, the modified TAL effector is designed to bind the desired sequence within an intron of potato's ubiquitin-7 (Ubi7) gene. As such, the modified TAL effector comprises (a) a catalytic domain in the C-terminal activation domain comprising a Fok 1 endonuclease; (b) a target sequence binding domain comprising 16.5 repeat variable diresidues corresponding to the Ubi7 5'-untranslated intron sequence; and (c) a SV40 nuclear localization sequence in the N-terminal region.

[0015] In yet another embodiment, the invention provides a binary vector comprising (a) a right border; (b) a forward expression cassette and a reverse expression cassette, each comprising a modified TAL effector according to claim 16 operably linked to a strong constitutive promoter and a terminator sequence: and (c) a sequence encoding an enzyme invoked in cytokinine production, such as isopentenyl transferase (ipt).

[0016] In yet another embodiment, the invention provides a DNA construct comprising a promoter-less cassette comprising (a) a right border sequence inked to (b) a partial Ubi7 5'-untranslated intron sequence: (c) an Ubi7 monomer-encoding sequence fused to a mutated acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene: (d) a desired nuelcotide sequence; (e) a terminator sequence; and (f) a left border, wherein the desired nucleotide sequence is not operably linked to a promoter. In a preferred aspect of the invention, the desired nuelcotide sequence in the DNA construct is a silencing cassette targeting one or more genes selected from the group consisting of asparagine synthase 1 (Asn1), polyphenol oxidase (Ppo), and vacuolar invertase (Inv) genes. In an even more preferred aspect, the DNA construct further comprises a late blight resistance gene Vnt1 operably linked to its native promoter and terminator sequences.

[0017] In a different embodiment, the invention provides a kit for targeted insertion of exogenous DNA into a plant comprising: (A) a first binary vector comprising a promoter-less cassette comprising (a) a right border sequence linked to (b) a partial sequence of the Ubi7 intron 5'-untranslated region; (c) an Ubi7 monomer-encoding sequence fused to a mutated acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene: (d) a desired nucleotide sequence; and (e) a terminator sequence, wherein the desired nucleotide sequence is not operably linked to a promoter; and B) a second binary vector comprising (a) a right border; (b) a forward expression cassette and a reverse expression cassette, each comprising a modified TAL effector operably linked to a strong constitutive promoter, and a terminator sequence; and (c) a sequence encoding isopentenyl transferase (ipt). In a preferred aspect of the invention, the modified TAL effector is designed to bind the desired nucleotide sequence within an intron of potato's ubiquitin-7 (Ubi7) gene, and comprises (a) a truncated C-terminal activation domain comprising a Fok1 endonuclease catalytic domain; (b) a codon-optimized target sequence binding domain comprising 16.5 repeat variable diresidues corresponding to the Ubi7 5'-untranslated intron sequence; and (c) an N-terminal region comprising a SV40 nuclear localization sequence. In another preferred aspect of the invention, the desired nucleotide sequence is a silencing cassette targeting one or more genes selected from the group consisting of asparagine synthase 1 (Asn1), polyphenol oxidase (Ppo), and vacuolar invertase (Inv) genes. In an even more preferred aspect of the invention, the first binary vector further comprises a late blight resistance gene Vnt1 operably linked to its native promoter and terminator sequences.

[0018] The foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Other objects, advantages and novel features will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] This application contains at least one drawing executed in color.

[0020] FIG. 1 illustrates the transfer DNA organization of the plasmid pSIM2168. Sequence shown in the bottom panel starts from the 25 bp unhighlighted right border. The light gray highlighted sequence is part of the Ubi7 intron, the dark gray highlighted sequence is the Ubi7 monomer and the remaining unhighlighted sequence is part of the potato ALS gene coding. The Ubi7In segment of pSIM 2168 comprises a homologous arm which is homologous to the endogenous intron sequence selectively cut by TAL. FIG. 1 discloses SEQ ID NO: 22.

[0021] FIG. 2 illustrates the forward (E3) and reverse (E4) TAL effector cassettes in the vector pSIM2170.

[0022] FIG. 3 shows the right border testing cassette described in Example 9.

[0023] FIG. 4 illustrates the DNA organization of the plasmid pSIM2162 carrying the Ubi7::ALS cassette.

[0024] FIG. 5 shows the organization of the forward (5A) and reverse (5B) effector proteins (SEQ ID NOS 7 and 9, respectively).

[0025] FIG. 6 illustrates the organization of the plasmid pSIM216 carrying the target sequence containing the forward and reverse recognition sites positioned immediately downstream from the start codon of the GUS reporter gene. FIG. 6 discloses SEQ ID NO: 23.

[0026] FIG. 7 shows GUS staining of Nicothiana benthamiana leaves following Agrobacterium infiltration. Left panel: infiltration with target vector pSIM2167 alone. Right panel; infiltration with target vector pSIM2167 and TAL effector vector pSIM2170.

[0027] FIG. 8 shows the sequence of PCR-amplified target region of the plasmid pSIM2167 after co-infiltration with the TAL effector vector pSIM2170. Effector recognition site is gray highlighted. Modifications on target sequence are small deletion (majority form) and substitutions (dark gray highlighted). FIG. 8 discloses SEQ ID NOS 24-37, respectively, in order of appearance.

[0028] FIG. 9 shows the sequences of fragments from targeted insertion-specific PCR. The first non-highlighted sequence and the first light gray highlighted sequence are potato genome sequences, non highlighted sequence: part of Uni7-like promoter; light gray highlighted sequence; Uni7-like intron. The remaining sequences are from the pSIM2168 vector. Dark gray sequence: part of Ubi7 intron; non-highlighted sequence: Ubi7 monomer; light gray highlighted sequence: part of the ALS coding sequence. FIG. 9 discloses SEQ ID NOS 38-40, respectively, in order of appearance.

[0029] FIG. 10 shows inter-node explants grown in hormone-free medium containing timentin and 0.0 mg/l imazamox (left panel) or 2.0 mg/l imazamox (right panel). No fully developed normal shoots were visible when the inter-node explants were grown in a medium containing imazamox.

[0030] FIG. 11 shows Ranger Russet control (RR-C) lines and herbicide-resistant Ranger Russet lines co-transformed with the pSIM2170 and pSIM2168 plasmids for targeted insertion, challenged with P. infestans late blight strain US8 BF6 for the development of disease symptoms, at seven days after infection.

[0031] FIG. 12 depicts the southern blot gels for selected herbicide-resistant Ranger Russet lines co-transformed with the pSIM2170 and pSIM2168 plasmids for targeted insertion. Left panel: invertase probe; right panel: Vnt1 promoter probe. Each additional band in the transformed lines, as compared to the Ranger Russet control (RR) lines, indicates a single copy trasgene for lines RR-36 (36) and RR-39 (39). Transformed lines RR-26 and RR-32 are not shown.

[0032] FIG. 13 shows uniform silencing of asparagine in potato tubers. Snowden lines 2, 15, 55 and 83 were transformed with pSIM2168 and pSM2170.

[0033] FIG. 14 shows uniform silencing of polyphenol oxidase in potato tuber. Snowden lines 2, 15, 55 and 83 were transformed with pSIM2168 and pSIM2170.

[0034] FIG. 15 shows uniform silencing of asparagine in potato tubers. Ranger lines 26, 32, 38 and 39 were transformed with pSIM2168 and pSIM2170.

[0035] FIG. 16 shows uniform silencing of polyphenol oxidase in potato tubers. Ranger lines 26, 32, 38 and 39 were transformed with pSIM2168 and pSIM2170.

[0036] FIG. 17 shows yields of transformed potato lines.

[0037] FIG. 18 shows FMV-CAS9-OCS and 35s-gRNA-Nos cassettes in pSIM4187. The sequence of gRNA is shown and the 20 bp target specific sequence is highlighted. FIG. 18 discloses SEQ ID NOS 41-42, respectively, in order of appearance.

[0038] FIG. 19 shows GUS staining of N. benthamiana leaf after Agrobacterium infiltration, pSIM2167; Target-GUS vector: pSIM4187: Cas9 and gRNA vector.

[0039] FIG. 20 shows sequence of PCR amplified target region of plasmid pSIM2167 after co-infiltrated with pSIM4187. Target specific sequence in gRNA is dark green highlighted. Modifications on target sequence are small deletion and substitutions. FIG. 20 discloses SEQ ID NOS 43-51, respectively, in order of appearance.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0040] One aspect of the present invention is the transient expression of transcription activator-like effector proteins designed to bind to, and consequently cut, a desired genomic target locus, thereby facilitating the insertion of a desired polynucleotide at that particular target locus. Accordingly, the present invention encompasses the transformation of plant material with a sector that contains an expression cassette encoding peptides or proteins that form appropriate TAL dimers that recognize and cleave a target locus, and a second vector that comprises one or more desired expression cassettes. Such desired expression cassettes may encode a particular protein or gene silencing transcript. In one embodiment, the second vector may comprise a cassette referred to herein as a "promoter-free" cassette, which comprises (i) a marker gene or gene that encodes a desired phenotype, and appropriate other regulatory elements that would facilitate appropriate expression of that marker gene if it was operably linked to a promoter; and (ii) a nucleotide region homologous to the endogenous target locus site destination. Said homologous nucleotide region can comprise, for example, 10-20, 20-50, or 20-100 nucleotides, that share 100%, or at least 99%, or at least 98%, or at least 97%, or at least 96%, or at least 95%, or at least 94%, or at least 93%, or at least 92%, or at least 91%, or at least 90%, or at least 89%, or at least 88%, or at least 87%, or at least 86%, or at least 83%, or at least 84%, or at least 83%, or at least 82%, or at least 81 %. or at least 80%, or at least 79%, or at least 78%, or at least 77%. or at least 76%. or at least 75%, or at least 74%, or at least 73%, or at least 72%, or at least 71%, or at least 70%, or at least 69%, or at least 68%, or at least 67%, or at least 66%, or at least 65%, or at least 64%, or at least 63%, or at least 62%, or at least 61%, or at least 60%, or at least 59%, or at least 58%, or at least 57%, or at least 56%, or at least 55%, or at least 54%, or at least 53%. or at least 52%, or at least 31%, or at least 50% nucleotide sequence identity with the corresponding sequence of the endogenous target locus.

[0041] Thus, in one embodiment, the second vector comprises at least (i) an expression cassette encoding a desired polynucleotide (such as one that encodes a protein or untranslatable RNA transcript, which RNA transcript may comprise a sense, an antisense, and/or an inverted repeat of a sequence of a target gene to be downregulated, and (ii) a promoter-free marker cassette that comprises a marker gene operably linked to a regulatory element such as a terminator or 3-untranslated region, along with the homologous target site region.

[0042] The promoter-free marker cassette and the expression cassettes(s) of the second vector ideally travel together so that both become integrated into the target locus as a consequence of TAL-mediated activity (brought about by the other TAL-encoding, vector). Ideally, the promoter-free cassette and the expression cassette(s) are integrated into a desired site at the target locus suitably near, e.g., downstream or upstream as the case may be, of one or more functional endogenous promoters or endogenous regulatory elements, such that the endogenous promoter or regulatory element expresses the marker gene of the promoter-free marker cassette in the second vector. The appropriate design of the TAL sequences to recognize such a target sequence downstream or upstream of an endogenous gene promoter or regulatory element that initiates gene expression, such as an enhancer element, is therefore important in helping to ensure that the expression cassette(s) and promoter-free marker cassette are integrated at a particularly chosen genomic location time and again between different transformation events.

[0043] Therefore, the present invention permits site-specific insertion of a desired polynucleotide such as one the cassettes disclosed herein and as described elsewhere, which ensures consistency in the expression or downregulation level of a particular target gene between different transformation events. For example, the site-specific insertion of the desired polynucleotide could function to express de novo or overexpress a target gene. In some embodiments, the levels of de novo expression or overexpression of the target gene might vary among different transformation events for no more than 200%, or no more than 100%, or no more than 50%, or no more than 30%. Alternatively, the site-specific insertion of the desired polynucleotide could function to produce an RNA transcript to downregulate a target gene. In some embodiments, the levels of downregulation of the target gene might vary among different transformation events for no more than 200%, or no more than 100%, or no more than 50%, or no more than 30%.

[0044] The marker gene is important because if the promoter-free marker cassette is appropriately integrated, the marker gene will be expressed by the endogenous regulatory element, and depending on the type of marker will (a) effectively identity successful transformants, and (b) give a preliminary indication of the successful insertion of the co-joined expression cassette(s) at the desired target location. Thus, if the marker gene is a herbicide resistant gene, the transformed plant cells may be cultured on the relevant herbicide and cells that survive reflect those that are transformed with the herbicide resistance gene at the desired target locus near a functional endogenous promoter.

[0045] Thus, the ability to routinely insert an expression cassette at the same genomic locus between different transformation events is highly desirable and advantageous and cost-effective because this reduces the magnitude of screens needed to identify integration events that would otherwise occur randomly in different genomic environments. See, e.g., Example 14. Those differences in random integration loci can often disrupt the local genomic environment detrimentally, knock-out essential genes, or place the desired expression cassettes in loci that fail to express the integrated DNA.

[0046] Accordingly, the homologous target site region present in the promoter-free marker cassette of the second vector is specifically designed to match up with the endogenous target site sequence that the TAL protein dimer of the first vector is also designed to recognize, bind to, and cut. The second vector may comprises one homologous target site region upstream or downstream of the polynucleotide sequences to be inserted, or two homologous target site regions flanking of the polynucleotide sequences to be inserted. Thus, both the promoter-free marker cassette and the TAL expression cassette contain sequences unique to the endogenous genorme target locus, such that the promoter-free marker cassette and its co-joined desired expression cassettes, is inserted into the precise target locus site cut by the TALs.

[0047] The present invention is not limited to the insertion of promoter-free marker cassettes and expression cassettes into a genomic locus or nearby an endogenous promoter or regulatory element. Rather, the present invention encompasses the use of the inventive method to stack cassettes in a modular fashion based upon the design of TAL sequences and homologous regions that recognize polynucleotide sequences from prior transformation events. That is, in one embodiment a plant may have already been stably transformed with Expression Cassette A that, with or without the use of TAL, expresses Gene X at a particular or random site in the plant genome. The present TAL-mediated integration method allows for the design of TAL sequences that recognize a sequence perhaps downstream of Gene X in Expression Cassette A, such that the TAL dimer effectively cleaves the plant genome at that Gene X site. If the promoter-free marker cassette--or any expression cassette--comprises a homologous region to that Gene X site, then it is possible to introduce that cassette immediately downstream of Gene X. As mentioned, it is not necessary that in all cases the present invention must utilize a promoter-free marker system for it may be the case that the gene-of-interest integrated downstream of the pre-transformed Gene X plant produces a detectable and desired trait in and of itself. Furthermore, the additional expression cassette may contain its own promoter or may be promoter-tree such that the gene-of-interest is expressed from the promoter or regulatory element of Expression Cassette A.

[0048] Accordingly, in one embodiment, the present invention encompasses the de novo insertion of a desired expression cassette into a target locus using the promoter-free marker design to identity successful and appropriate transformants. In another embodiment, the present invention encompasses the subsequent insertion of one or more additional expression cassettes, which may or may not include a promoter-free marker cassette, downstream or upstream of a prior integration event. Thus, in the latter approach, the present invention permits the ability to stack genes at precise and defined locations within a plant genome by effectively linking together different expression cassettes even though this is done via different transformations, using TAL-mediated site-specific insertion technology described herein.

[0049] In one embodiment, it is desirable to only transiently express the TAL proteins such that the only DNA that becomes stably integrated into the plant genome belongs to the desired expression cassette(s) and promoter-free marker cassette, if used.

[0050] Accordingly, one aspect of the present invention encompasses (1) identifying in the genome of a plant a desired target locus sequence; (2) designing corresponding TAL sequences that specifically recognize that target locus sequence; and, optionally (3) assaying the designed TAL sequences in an infiltration assay, for instance, to test if the corresponding TAL dimer, when formed, cuts appropriately. TALs that work can then be subcloned into a transient expression transformation vector, such as shown in FIG. 2. Such steps are described in detail herein. See for instance Examples 10 and 11.

[0051] A second vector can then be designed comprising one or more desired expression cassettes along with the promoter-free marker cassette, and both the TAL vector and the second vector subsequently transformed into one or two strains of Agrobacteria.

[0052] Plant material, such as explants, calli, cells, leaves, or stems, can then be transformed using these Agrobacteria. In one embodiment, the transformed plant material can be grown into calli on media that does not contain any selection component. That is, for the ease of illustration, if the second sector comprises a herbicide resistance marker gene that is not operably linked to a promoter, then the transformed plant material would initially be cultured on media that does not contain herbicide for a certain period of time. After that period of time, the plant material may be placed on callus induction media that does contain herbicide. Those materials that survive can then be placed on shoot induction media that also contains the same herbicide until shoots develop and survive for a period of time. The shoots that grow on herbicide media are therefore likely to contain the stably integrated herbicide resistance gene in then genomes along with the actual desired expression cassettes. Those herbicide-resistant shoots or leaves that grow from those shoots can then be subjected to PCR and other molecular analyses to determine if they contain the marker and also the desired expression cassette(s) in the correct and expected genomic target location. This method is described herein in detail, see for instance Example 4. When the ALS gene was used as the marker gene in the promoter-free arrangement, as discussed herein, 80% of the analyzed transformed shoots/leaves contained the desired insert stably integrated in the desired genomic locus.

[0053] In one embodiment, the second vector comprises the gene expression cassette for late blight and a gene silencing cassette for silencing PPO, ASNI, and invertase, in addition to a promoter-free ALS herbicide marker gene, as shown in pSIM2168 (FIG. 1). In this case, the ALS gene is not operably linked to a promoter but it is operably linked to a terminator and includes, upstream, a sequence homologous to a region of the endogenous plant Ubi7 gene intron and part of the Ubi1 exon #1. FIG. 2 depicts the corresponding vector (pSIM2170) that expresses the E4Rep and E3 repeat TAL sequences that are also designed to recognize a naturally-occurring sequence within the Ubi7 gene intron. Both pSIM2168 and pSIM2170 are transformed into potato stem explants and subjected to the method described above and as described in methodological detail in the Examples provided herein. The results show that the inventive approach was successful in using TAL-mediated integration to stably integrate the cassettes of pSIM2168 into the precise target location desired in the endogenous Ubi7 gene intron.

[0054] The present inventive methods are not limited to the introduction of such vectors using transfer-DNAs or Agrobacterium. It is possible to use particle bombardment, for instance, without any Agrobacterium or T-DNA components. In one embodiment, for instance, it is possible to coat particle bombardment particles with DNA encoding the desired expression cassette(s) and promoter-free marker cassette, and also coat the same particles with TAL proteins or TAL protein dimers. In this fashion therefore a particle may comprise both encoding DNA and TAL proteins, or some particles may be coated with either the encoding DNA or the TAL proteins. In any event, plant material can be bombarded with such coated particles whereupon when the particles enter the plant cell, the TAL proteins function as intended to cut the genomic sequence at a desired site and integrate the co-delivered DNA. See for instance Martin-Ortigosa et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 32, 3576-3582 (2012), which is incorporated herein by reference, for examples of how to use particle bombardment to co-deliver proteins and DNA into plants.

[0055] As used herein, a "desired polynucleotide" is essentially any polynucleotide or series of DNA sequences within an expression cassette or gene silencing cassette that the user desires to be integrated into the plant genome. Accordingly, "desired polynucleotide" may be used interchangeably with "cassette" "expression cassette" or "silencing cassette" herein. A desired polynucleotide in any expression cassette can be operably linked to any kind or strength of promoter and its expression is not necessarily therefore dependent on the expression of an endogenous plant genomic promoter.

[0056] While it is desirable to stably transform plant genomes according to the present TAL-mediated integration technology, another embodiment of the inventive methods encompasses the integration of a desired polynucleotide into any form or sample of nucleic acid, not

[0057] TALs

[0058] Transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors are plant pathogenic bacterial proteins that contain modular DNA binding domains that facilitate site-specific integration of DNAs into a particularly desired target site, such as in a plant genome. These domains comprise tandem, polymorphic amino acid repeats that individually specify contiguous nucleotides in DNA that are useful for directing the targeted site-specific integration approach.

[0059] A central repeat domain may comprise between 1.5 and 33.5 repeats typically 34 residues in length. An example of a repeat sequence is:

TABLE-US-00001 (SEQ ID NO: 21) LTPEQVVAIASHDGGKQALETVQRLLPVLCQAHG.

[0060] The residues at the 12th and 13th positions can be hypervariable known as the "repeat variable diresidue" or RVD. There is a relationship between the identity of these two residues in sequential repeats and sequential DNA bases in the TAL effector's target site. The code between RVD sequence and target DNA base can be expressed as:

[0061] NI=A

[0062] HD=C

[0063] NG=T

[0064] NN=R (G or A), and

[0065] NS=N (A, C, G, or T).

[0066] RVD NK can target G, but TAL effector nucleases (TALENs) that exclusively use NK instead of NN to target G can be less active.

[0067] Target sites of TAL effectors may include a T flanking the 5'-base targeted by the first repeat perhaps due to a contact between this T nucleotide and a conserved tryptophan in the region N-terminal of the central repeat domain.

[0068] See also the following publications which are all incorporated herein by reference in their entirety: Boch J. Bonas U (September 2010). "XanthomonasAvrBs3 Family-Type III effectors: Discovery and Function". Annual Review of Phytopathology 48: 419-36; Voytas D F, Joung J K (December 2009). "Plant science. DNA binding made easy". Science 326 (5959). 1491-2. Bibcode 2009; Moscou M J, Bogdanove A J (December 2009). "A simple cipher governs DNA recognition by TAL effectors". Science 326 (5959); 1501; Boch J, Scholze H, Schornack S et al. (December 2009); "Breaking the code of DNA binding specificity of TAL-type III effectors". Science 326(5959); 1509-12: Morbitzer, R; Romer, P.; Boch. J.; Lahaye, T. (2010). "Regulation of selected genome loci using de novo-engineered transcription activator-like effector (TALE)-type transcription factors". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 (50): 21617-21622; Miller, J. C.; Tan S.; Qiao, G.; Barlow, K. A.; Wang, J.; Xia, D. F.; Meng, X.; Paschon, D. E. et al. (2010). "A TALE nuclease architecture for efficient genome editing". Nature Biotechnology 29 (2): 14; Huang. P.; Xiao, A.; Zhou, M.; Zhu, Z.; Lin, S.; Zhang, B. (2011). "Heritable gene targeting in zebrafish using customized TALENs". Nature Biotechnology 29 (8): 699; and Mak, A. N.-S.; Bradley, P.; Cernadas, R. A.; Bogdanove, A. J.; Stoddard, B. L. (2012). "The Crystal Structure of TAL Effector PthXol Bound to its DNA Target", Science. doi:10.1126/science.1216211.

[0069] Markers

[0070] Examples of the categories of marker genes that can be used as disclosed herein in the promoter-free marker gene cassette include, but are not limited to, herbicide tolerance, pesticide tolerance insect resistance, tolerance to stress, enhanced flavor or stability of the fruit or seed, or the ability to synthesize useful, non-plant proteins, e.g., medically valuable proteins or the ability to generate altered concentrations of plant proteins, and related impacts on the plant, e.g., altered levels of plant proteins catalyzing production of plant metabolites including secondary plant metabolites.

[0071] This invention provides methods and kits for the targeted insertion of desired nucleotide sequences into plants, by inserting promoter-less desired nucleotide sequences into the intron sequence of the ubiquitin-7 (Ubi7) gene, such that the expression of exogenous nucleotide sequences in the plants is driven by the endogenous Ubi7 promoter. In particular, the inventors were able to create binary vectors for the transient expression of transcription activator-like effector nucleases specifically designed to bind desired nucleotide sequences within the intron sequence of the Ubi7gene, such that when these vectors are introduced into plant cells together with binary vectors carrying the targeted promoter-less nucleotide sequences, the desired nucleotide sequences are inserted into the intron sequence of the Ubi7 gene with proper orientation and spacing, and their expression is driven by the endogenous Ubi7 promoter. The transformed plants regenerating from the transformed explants thus obtained carry only the targeted sequences.

[0072] The invention further provides plants transformed by the methods of the invention, as well as the binary vectors for transient and permanent transformation.

[0073] The technology strategy of the present invention addresses the need to efficiently produce genetically engineered plants and plant products with desirable traits by targeted transformation, such that the nutritional value and agronomic characteristics of plant crops, and in particular tuber-bearing plants, such as potato plants, may be improved. Desirable traits include, but are not limited to, high tolerance to impact-induced black spot bruise, reduced formation of the acrylamide precursor asparagine, reduced accumulation of reducing sugars and reduced accumulation of toxic Maillard products, including acrylamide. Thus, the present invention allows the targeted insertion of these desirable traits into a plant genome by reducing the expression of enzymes, such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO), which is responsible for black spot bruise, and asparagine synthetase-1 (Asn-1), which is responsible for the accumulation of asparagine, a precursor in acrylamide formation, and by increasing the expression of the late blight resistance gene Vnt1.

[0074] The present invention uses terms and phrases that are well known to those practicing the art. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Generally, the nomenclature used herein and the laboratory procedures in cell culture, molecular genetics, and nucleic acid chemistry and hybridization described herein are those well known and commonly employed in the art. Standard techniques are used for recombinant nucleic acid methods, polynucleotide synthesis, microbial culture, cell culture, tissue culture, transformation, transfection, transduction, analytical chemistry, organic synthetic chemistry, chemical syntheses, chemical analysis, and pharmaceutical formulation and delivery. Generally, enzymatic reactions and purification and/or isolation steps are performed according to the manufacturers' specifications. The techniques and procedures are generally performed according to conventional methodology (Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 3rd. edition, edited by Sambrook & Russel Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 2001).

[0075] Agrobacterium or bacterial transformation: as is well known in the field. Agrobacteria that are used for transforming plant cells are disarmed and virulent derivatives of, usually, Agrobacterium tumefaciens or Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Upon infection of plants, explants, cells, or protoplasts, a single Agrobacterium strain containing a binary vector comprising a TAL effector cassette and a binary vector comprising the gene of interest, or two separate Agrobacterium strains, one containing a binary vector comprising a TAL effector cassette, and the other containing a binary vector comprising the gene of interest, transfer a desired DNA segment from a plasmid vector to the plant cell nucleus. The vector typically contains a desired polynucleotide that is located between the borders of a T-DNA. However, any bacteria capable of transforming a plant cell may be used, such as, Rhizobium trifolii, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum, SinoRhizobium meliloti, and MesoRhizobium loti. The present invention is not limited to the use of bacterial transformation systems. Any organism however that contains the appropriate cellular machinery and proteins to accomplish plant cell transformation.

[0076] Angiosperm: vascular plants having seeds enclosed in an ovary. Angiosperms are seed plants that produce flowers that bear fruits. Angiosperms are divided into dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant.

[0077] Antibiotic Resistance: ability of a cell to survive in the presence of an antibiotic. Antibiotic resistance, as used herein, results from the expression of an antibiotic resistance gene in a host cell. A cell may have resistance to any antibiotic. Examples of commonly used antibiotics include kanamycin and hygromycin.

[0078] Dicotyledonous plant (dicot); a flowering plant whose embryos have two seed halves or cotyledons, branching leaf veins, and flower parts in multiples of four or five. Examples of dicots include but are not limited to, potato, sugar beet broccoli, cassava, sweet potato, pepper, poinsettia, bean, alfalfa, soybean, and avocado.

[0079] Endogenous: nucleic acid, gene, polynucleotide, DNA, RNA, mRNA, or cDNA molecule that is isolated either from the genome of a plant or plant species that is to be transformed or is isolated from a plant or species that is sexually compatible or interfertile with the plaint species that is to be transformed, is "native" to, i.e., indigenous to, the plant species.

[0080] Expression cassette: polynucleotide that may comprise, from 5' to 3', (a) a first promoter, (b) a sequence comprising (i) at least one copy of a gene or gene fragment, or (ii) at least one copy of a fragment of the promoter of a gene, and (c) either a terminator or a second promoter that is positioned in the opposite orientation as the first promoter.

[0081] Foreign: "foreign," with respect to a nucleic acid, means that the nucleic acid is derived from non-plant organisms, or derived from a plant that is not the same species as the plant to be transformed or is not derived from a plant that is not interfertile with the plant to be transformed, does not belong to the species of the target plant. According to the present invention, foreign DNA or RNA represents nucleic acids that are naturally occurring in the genetic makeup of fungi, bacteria, viruses, mammals, fish or birds, but are not naturally occurring in the plant that is to be transformed. Thus, a foreign nucleic acid is one that encodes, for instance, a polypeptide that is not naturally produced by the transformed plant. A foreign nucleic acid does not have to encode a protein product.

[0082] Gene: A gene is a segment of a DNA molecule that contains all the information required for synthesis of a product, polypeptide chain or RNA molecule that includes both coding and non-coding sequences. A gene can also represent multiple sequences, each of which may be expressed independently, and may encode slightly different proteins that display the same functional activity. For instance, the asparagine synthetase 1 and 2 genes can, together, be referred to as a gene.

[0083] Genetic element: a "genetic element" is any discreet nucleotide sequence such as, but not limited to, a promoter, gene, terminator, intron, enhancer, spacer, 5'-untranslated region, 3'-untranslated region, or recombinase recognition site.

[0084] Genectic modification: stable introduction of DNA into the genome of certain organisms by applying methods in molecular and cell biology.

[0085] Gymnosperm: as used herein, refers to a seed plant that bears seed without ovaries. Examples of gymnosperms include conifers, cycads, ginkgos, and ephedras.

[0086] Introduction: as used herein, refers to the insertion of a nucleic acid sequence into a cell, by methods including infection, transfection, transformation or transduction.

[0087] Monocotyledonous plant (monocot): a flowering plant having embryos with one cotyledon or seed leaf, parallel leaf veins, and flower parts in multiples of three. Examples of monocots include, but are not limited to maize, rice, oat, wheat, barley, and sorghum.

[0088] Native: nucleic acid, gene, polynucleotide, DNA, RNA, mRNA, or cDNA molecule that is isolated either from the genome of a plant or plant species that is to be transformed or is isolated from a plant or species that is sexually compatible or interfertile with the plant species that is to be transformed, is "native" to, i.e., indigenous to, the plant species.

[0089] Native DNA: any nucleic acid, gene, polynucleotide, DNA, RNA, mRNA, or cDNA molecule that is isolated either from the genome of a plant or plant species that is to be transformed or is isolated from a plant or species that is sexually compatible or interfertile with the plant species that is to be transformed, is "native" to, i.e., indigenous to, the plant species. In other words, a native genetic element represents all genetic material that is accessible to plant breeders for the improvement of plants through classical plant breeding. Any variants of a native nucleic acid also are considered "native" in accordance with the present invention. For instance, a native DNA may comprise a point mutation since such point mutations occur naturally. It is also possible to link two different native DNAs by employing restriction sites because such sites are ubiquitous in plant genomes.

[0090] Native Nucleic Acid Construct: a polynucleotide comprising at least one native DNA.

[0091] Operably linked: combining two or more molecules in such a fashion that in combination they function properly in a plant cell. For instance, a promoter is operably linked to a structural gene when the promoter controls transcription of the structural gene.

[0092] Overexpression: expression of a gene to levels that are higher than those in control plants.

[0093] P-DNA: a plant-derived transfer-DNA ("P-DNA") border sequence of the present invention is not identical in nucleotide sequence to any known bacterium-derived T-DNA border sequence, but it functions for essentially the same purpose. That is, the P-DNA can be used to transfer and integrate one polynucleotide into another. A P-DNA can be inserted into a tumor-inducing plasmid, such as a Ti-plasmid from Agrobacterium in place of a conventional T-DNA, and maintained in a bacterium strain, just like conventional transformation plasmids. The P-DNA can be manipulated so as to contain a desired polynucleotide, which is destined for integration into a plant genome via bacteria-mediated plant transformation. The P-DNA comprises at least one border sequence. See Rommens et al. 2005 Plant Physiology 139: 1338-1349, which is incorporated herein by reference. In certain embodiments of the invention, the T-DNA is replaced by the P-DNA.

[0094] Phenotype: phenotype is a distinguishing feature or characteristic of a plant, which may be altered according to the present invention by integrating one or more "desired polynucleotides" and/or screenable/selectable markers into the genome of at least one plant cell of a transformed plant. The "desired polynucleotide(s)" and/or markers may confer a change in the phenotype of a transformed plant, by modifying any one of a number of genetic, molecular, biochemical, physiological morphological, or agronomic characteristics or properties of the transformed plant cell or plant as a whole.

[0095] Plant tissue: a "plant" is any of various photosynthetic, eukaryotic, multicellular organisms of the kingdom Plantae characteristically producing embryos, containing chloroplasts, and having cellulose cell walls. A part of a plant, i.e., a "plant tissue" may be treated according to the methods of the present invention to produce a transgenic plant. Many suitable plant tissues can be transformed according to the present invention and include, but are not limited to, somatic embryos, pollen, leaves, stems, calli, stolons, microtubers, and shoots. Thus, the present invention envisions the transformation of angiosperm and gymnosperm plants such as wheat, maize, rice, barley, oat, sugar beet, potato, tomato, alfalfa, cassava, sweet potato, and soybean. According to the present invention "plant tissue" also encompasses plant cells. Plant cells include suspension cultures, callus, embryos, meristematic regions, callus tissue, leaves, roots, shoots, gametophytes, sporophytes, pollen, seeds and microspores. Plant tissues may be at various stages of maturity and may be grown in liquid or solid culture, or in soil or suitable media in pots, greenhouses or fields. A plant tissue also refers to any clone of such a plant, seed, progeny, propagule whether generated sexually or asexually, and descendents of any of these, such as cuttings or seed. Of particular interest are potato, maize, and wheat.

[0096] Plant transformation and cell culture: broadly refers to the process by which plant cells are genetically modified and transferred to an appropriate plant culture medium for maintenance, further growth, and/or further development. Such methods are well known to the skilled artisan.

[0097] Processing: the process of producing a food from (1) the seed of, for instance, wheat, corn, coffee, plant, or cocoa tree, (2) the tuber of, for instance, potato, or (3) the root of for instance, sweet potato and yam comprising heating to at least 120.degree. C. Examples of processed foods include bread, breakfast cereal, pies, cakes, toast, biscuits, cookies, pizza, pretzels, tortilla, French fries, oven-baked fries, potato chips, hash browns. roasted coffee, and cocoa.

[0098] Progeny: a "progeny" of the present invention, such as the progeny of a transgenic plant, is one that is born of, begotten by, or derived from a plant or the transgenic plant. Thus, a "progeny" plant, i.e., an "FI" generation plant is an offspring, or a descendant of the transgenic plant produced by the inventive methods. A progeny of a transgenic plant may contain in at least one, some, or all of its cell genomes, the desired polynucleotide that was integrated into a cell of the parent transgenic plant by the methods described herein. Thus, the desired polynucleotide is "transmitted" or "inherited" by the progeny plant. The desired polynucleotide that is so inherited in the progeny plant may reside within a T-DNA or P-DNA construct, which also is inherited by the progeny plant from its parent. The term "progeny" as used herein, also may be considered to be the offspring or descendants of a group of plants.

[0099] Promoter: promoter is intended to mean a nucleic acid, preferably DNA that binds RNA polymerase and/or other transcription regulatory elements. A promoter is a nucleic acid sequence that enables a gene with which it is associated to be transcribed. A regulatory region refers to nucleic acid sequences that influence anchor promote initiation of transcription. Promoters are typically considered to include regulatory regions, such as enhancer or inducer elements.

[0100] Eukaryotic promoters typically lie upstream of the gene to which they are most immediately associated. Promoters can have regulatory elements located several kilobases away from their transcriptional start site, although certain tertiary structural formations by the transcriptional complex can cause DNA to fold, which brings those regulatory elements closer to the actual site of transcription. Many eukaryotic promoters contain a "TATA box" sequence, typically denoted by the nucleotide sequence, TATAAA. This element binds a TATA binding protein, which aids formation of the RNA polymerase transcriptional complex. The TATA box typically lies within 50 bases of the transcriptional start site.

[0101] Eukaryotic promoters also are characterized by the presence of certain regulatory sequences that bind transcription factors involved in the formation of the transcriptional complex. An example is the E-box denoted by the sequence CACGTG, which binds transcription factors in the basic-helix-loop-helix family. There also are regions that are high in GC nucleotide content.

[0102] A polynucleotide may be linked in two different orientations to the promoter. In one orientation, e.g., "sense", at least the 5'-part of the resultant RNA transcript will share sequence identity with at least part of at least one target transcript. In the other orientation designated as "antisense" at least the 5'-part of the predicted transcript will be identical or homologous to at least part of the inverse complement of at least one target transcript.

[0103] A plant promoter is a promoter capable of initiating transcription in plant cells whether or not its origin is a plant cell. Exemplary plant promoters include, but are not limited to, those that are obtained from plants, plant viruses, and bacteria such as Agrobacterium or Rhizobium which comprise genes expressed in plant cells. Examples of promoters under developmental control include promoters that preferentially initiate transcription in certain tissues, such as xylem, leaves, roots, or seeds. Such promoters are referred to as tissue-preferred promoters. Promoters which initiate transcription only in certain tissues are referred to as tissue-specific promoters. A cell type-specific promoter primarily drives expression in certain cell types in one or more organs, for example, vascular cells in roots or leaves. An inducible or repressible promoter is a promoter which is under environmental control. Examples of environmental conditions that may effect transcription by inducible promoters include anaerobic conditions or the presence of light. Tissue specific, tissue preferred, cell type specific, and inducible promoters constitute the class of non-constitutive promoters. A constitutive promoter is a promoter which is active under most environmental conditions, and in most plant parts.

[0104] Polynucleotide is a nucleotide sequence, comprising a gene coding sequence or a fragment thereof, (comprising at least 15 consecutive nucleotides, preferably at least 30 consecutive nucleotides, and more preferably at least 50 consecutive nucleotides), a promoter, an intron, an enhancer region, a pulyadenylation site, a translation initiation site, 5' or 3' untranslated regions, a reporter gene, a selectable marker or the like. The polynucleotide may comprise single stranded or double stranded DNA or RNA. The polynucleotide may comprise modified bases or a modified backbone. The polynucleotide may be genomic, an RNA transcript (such as an mRNA) or a processed nucleotide sequence (such as a cDNA). The polynucleotide may comprise a sequence in either sense or antisense orientations.

[0105] An isolated polynucleotide is a polynucleotide sequence that is not in its native state, e.g., the polynucleotide is comprised of a nucleotide sequence not found in nature or the polynucleotide is separated from nucleotide sequences with which it typically is in proximity or is next to nucleotide sequences with which it typically is not in proximity.

[0106] Seed: a "seed" may be regarded as a ripened plant ovule containing an embryo, and a propagative part of a plant, as a tuber or spore. Seed may be incubated prior to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, in the dark, for instance, to facilitate germination. Seed also may be sterilized prior to incubation, such as by brief treatment with bleach. The resultant seedling can then he exposed to a desired strain of Agrobacterium.

[0107] Selectable/screenable marker: a gene that, if expressed in plants or plant tissues, makes it possible to distinguish them from other plants or plant tissues that do not express that gene. Screening procedures may require assays for expression of proteins encoded by the screenable marker gene. Examples of selectable markers include herbicide resistance genes, such as acetolactate synthase (ALS), the neomycin phosphotransferase (Nptll) gene encoding kanamycin and geneticin resistance, the hygromycin phosphotransferase (Hptll) gene encoding resistance to hygromycin, or other similar genes known in the art.

[0108] Sensory characteristics: panels of professionally trained individuals can rate food products for sensory characteristics such as appearance, flavor, aroma, and texture. Thus, the present invention contemplates improving the sensory characteristics of a plant product obtained from a plant that has been modified according to the present invention to manipulate its tuber yield production.

[0109] Sequence identity: as used herein, "sequence identity" or "identity" in the context of two nucleic acid or polypeptide sequences includes reference to the residues in the two sequences which are the same when aligned for maximum correspondence over a specified region. A homologous region or sequence as used herein, therefore describes a sequence that shares some degree of sequence identity with a target genomic loci. When percentage of sequence identity is used in reference to proteins it is recognized that residue positions which are not identical often differ by conservative amino acid substitutions, where amino acid residues are substituted for other amino acid residues with similar chemical properties (e.g. charge or hydrophobicity) and therefore do not change the functional properties of the molecule. Where sequences differ in conservative substitutions, the percent sequence identity may be adjusted upwards to correct for the conservative nature of the substitution. Sequences which differ by such conservative substitutions are said to have "sequence similarity" or "similarity," Means for making this adjustment are well-known to those of skill in the art. Typically this involves scoring a conservative substitution as a partial rather than a foil mismatch, thereby increasing the percentage sequence identity. Thus, for example, where an identical amino acid is given a score of 1 and a non conservative substitution is given a score of zero, a conservative substitution is given a score between zero and 1. The scoring of conservative substitutions is calculated, e.g., according to the algorithm of Meyers and Miller, Computer Applic. Biol. Sci., 4: 11 17 (1988) e.g., as implemented in the program PC/GENE (Intelligenetics, Mountain View, Calif., USA).

[0110] As used herein, percentage of sequence identity means the value determined by comparing two optimally aligned sequences over a comparison window, wherein the portion of the polynucleotide sequence in the comparison window may comprise additions or deletions (i.e., gaps) as compared to the reference sequence (which does not comprise additions or deletions) for optimal alignment of the two sequences. The percentage is calculated by determining the number of positions at which the identical nucleic acid base or amino acid residue occurs in both sequences to yield the number of matched positions, dividing the number of matched positions by the total number of positions in the window of comparison and multiplying the result by 100 to yield the percentage of sequence identity.

[0111] "Sequence identity" has an art-recognized meaning and can be calculated using published techniques. See COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Lesk, ed. (Oxford University Press, 1988), BIOCOMPUTING: INFORMATICS AND GENOME PROJECTS, Smith, ed. (Academic Press. 1993). COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF SEQUENCE DATA, PART 1, Griffin & Griffin, eds., (Humana Press, 1994), SEQUENCE ANALYSIS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Von Heinje ed., Academic Press (1987), SEQUENCE ANALYSIS PRIMER, (Gribskov & Devereus:, eds. (Macmillan Stockton Press, 1991), and Carillo & Lipton, SIAM J. Applied Math. 48; 1073 (1988). Methods commonly employed to determine identity or similarity between two sequences include but are not limited to those disclosed in GUIDE TO HUGE COMPUTERS, Bishop, ed., (Academic Press, 1994) and Carillo & Lipton, supra. Methods to determine identity and similarity are codified in computer programs. Preferred computer program methods to determine identity and similarity between two sequences include but are not limited to the GCG program package (Devereux et al., Nucleic Acids Research 12: 387 (1984)), BLASTP, BLASTN, FASTA (Atschul et al., J. Mol. Biol. 215: 403 (1990), and FASTDB (Brutlag et al., Comp. App. Biosci. 6: 237 (1990)).

[0112] Silencing: The unidirectional and unperturbed transcription of either genes or gene fragments from promoter to terminator can trigger post-transcriptional silencing of target genes. Initial expression cassettes for post-transcriptional gene silencing in plants comprised a single gene fragment positioned in either the antisense (McCormick et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,617,496; Shewmaker et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,107,065) or sense (van der Krol et al., Plant Cell 2:291-299, 1990) orientation between regulatory sequences for transcript initiation and termination. In Arabidopsis, recognition of the resulting transcripts by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase leads to the production of double-stranded (ds) RNA. Cleavage of the dsRNA by Dicer-like (Dcl) proteins such as Dcl4 yields 21-nucleotide (nt) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). These siRNAs complex with proteins including members of the Argonaute (Ago) family to produce RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs). The RISCs then target homologous RNAs for endonucleolytic cleavage.

[0113] More effecting silencing constructs contain both a sense and antisense component, producing RNA molecules that fold back into hairpin structures (Waterhouse et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95: 13959-13964. 1998). The high dsRNA levels produced by expression of inverted repeat transgenes were hypothesized to promote the activity of multiple Dcls. Analyses of combinatorial Dcl knockouts in Arabidopsis supported this idea, and also identified Dcl4 as one of the proteins involved in RNA cleavage.

[0114] One component of conventional sense, antisense, and double-strand (ds) RNA-based gene silencing constructs is the transcriptional terminator. WO 2006/036739, which is incorporated in its entirety by reference, shows that this regulatory element becomes obsolete when gene fragments are positioned between two oppositely oriented and functionally active promoters. The resulting convergent transcription triggers gene silencing that is at least as effective as unidirectional `promoter-to-terminator` transcription. In addition to short variably-sized and non-polyadenylated RNAs, terminator-free cassette produced rare longer transcripts that reach into the flanking promoter. Replacement of gene fragments by promoter-derived sequences further increased the extent of gene silencing.

[0115] TAL effectors (TALE) are proteins secreted by Xanthomonas bacteria characterized by the presence of a DNA binding domain that contains a repeated highly conserved 33-34 amino acid sequence, except for the highly variable 12th and 13th amino acids, which show a strong correlation with specific nucleotide recognition. These proteins can bind promoter sequences in the host plant and activate the expression of plant genes. This application makes use of engineered TAL effectors that are fused to the cleavage domain of Fok1 endonucleases for the targeted insertion of desirable genes into plants.

[0116] Tissue: any part of a plant that is used to produce a food. A tissue can be a tuber of a potato, a root of a sweet potato, or a seed of a maize plant.

[0117] Transcriptional terminators: The expression DNA constructs of the present indention typically have a transcriptional termination region at the opposite end from the transcription initiation regulatory region. The transcriptional termination region may be selected, for stability of the mRNA to enhance expression and or for the addition of polyadenylation tails added to the gene transcription product. Translation of a nascent polypeptide undergoes termination when any of the three chain-termination codons enters the A site on the ribosome. Translation termination codons are UAA, UAG, and UGA. In the instant invention, transcription terminators are derived from either a gene or, more preferably, from a sequence that does not represent a gene but intergenic DNA. For example, the terminator sequence from the potato ubiquitin gene may be used.

[0118] Transfer DNA (T-DNA): a transfer DNA is a DNA segment delineated by either T-DNA borders or P-DNA borders to create a T-DNA or P-DNA, respectively. A T-DNA is a genetic element that is well-known as an element capable of integrating a nucleotide sequence contained within its borders into another genome. In this respect, a T-DNA is flanked, typically, by two "border" sequences. A desired polynucleotide of the present invention and a selectable marker may be positioned between the left border-like sequence and the right border-like sequence of a T-DNA. The desired polynucleotide and selectable marker contained within the T-DNA may be operably linked to a variety of different, plant-specific (i.e., native), or foreign nucleic acids, like promoter and terminator regulatory elements that facilitate its expression, i.e., transcription and/or translation of the DNA sequence encoded by the desired polynucleotide or selectable marker.

[0119] Transformation of plant cells: A process by which a nucleic acid is stably inserted into the genome of a plant cell. Transformation may occur under natural or artificial conditions using various methods well known in the art. Transformation may rely on any known method for the insertion of nucleic acid sequences into a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cell, including Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols such as `refined transformation` or `precise breeding`, viral infection, whiskers, electroporation, microinjection, polyethylene glycol-treatment, heat shock, lipofection and particle bombardment.

[0120] Transgenic plant: a transgenic plant of the present invention is one that comprises at least one cell genome in which an exogenous nucleic acid has been stably integrated. According to the present invention, a transgenic plant is a plant that comprises only one genetically modified cell and cell genome, or is a plant that comprises some genetically modified cells, or is a plant in which all of the cells are genetically modified. A transgenic plant of the present invention may be one that comprises expression of the desired polynucleotide, i.e., the exogenous nucleic acid, in only certain parts of the plant. Thus, a transgenic plant may contain only genetically modified cells in certain parts of its structure.

[0121] Variant: a "variant," as used herein, is understood to mean a nucleotide or amino acid sequence that deviates from the standard, or given, nucleotide or amino acid sequence of a particular gene or protein. The terms, "isoform," "isotype," and "analog" also refer to "variant" forms of a nucleotide or an amino acid sequence. An amino acid sequence that is altered by the addition, removal or substitution of one or more ammo acids, or a change in nucleotide sequence, may be considered a "variant" sequence. The variant may have "conservative" changes, wherein a substituted amino acid has similar structural or chemical properties, e.g., replacement of leucine with isoleucine. A variant may have "nonconservative" changes, e.g., replacement of a glycine with a tryptophan. Analogous minor variations may also include amino acid deletions or insertions, or both. Guidance in determining which amino acid residues may be substituted, inserted, or deleted may be found using computer programs well known in the art such as Vector NTI Suite (InforMax, MD) software. "Variant" may also refer to a "shuffled gene" such as those described in Maxygen-assigned patents.

[0122] Although the present application primarily uses TAL to illustrate the targeted transfer DNA insertion technology, it is understood that other endonuclease based genome editing enzymes can also be used, including meganuclease (Epinat et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (11):2952-2963 (2003)), Zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) (Porteus, et al., Science 300 (5260):763 (2003); Bogdanove et al., Science 333 (6051):1843-6 (2011)), and CRISPR-associated (Cas) endonuclease (Jinek et al., Science 337(6096):816-21 (2012); Mussolino et al., Nat Methods 8(9):725-6 (2013)). In this regard, Example 15 illustrates the successful use of Cas9 for the targeted transfer DNA insertion technology described herein.

[0123] It is understood that the present invention is not limited to the particular methodology, protocols, vectors, and reagents, etc., described herein, as these may vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is used tor the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, a reference to "a gene" is a reference to one or more genes and includes equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art and so forth. Indeed, one skilled in the art can use the methods described herein to express any native gene (known presently or subsequently) in plant host systems.

[0124] The following examples are set forth as representative of specific and preferred embodiments of the present invention. These examples are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner. It should be understood that many variations and modifications can be made while remaining within the spirit and scope of the invention

Additional Embodiments

Embodiment 1

[0125] A method for stably integrating a desired polynucleotide into a plant genome, comprising:

(A) transforming plant material with a first vector comprising nucleotide sequences encoding TAL or CRISPR proteins designed to recognize a target sequence; (B) transforming the plant material with a second vector comprising (i) a marker gene that is not operably linked to a promoter ("promoter-free marker cassette") and which comprises a sequence homologous to the target sequence; and (ii) a desired polynucleotide; and (C) identifying transformed plant material in which the desired polynucleotide is stably integrated.

Embodiment 2

[0126] The method of Embodiment 1, wherein the transformed plant material is exposed to conditions that reflect the presence or absence of the marker gene in the transformed plant.

Embodiment 3

[0127] The method of any of Embodiments 1-2, wherein the marker gene is a herbicide resistance gene and the transformed plant material is exposed to herbicide.

Embodiment 4

[0128] The method of any of Embodiments 1-3, wherein the herbicide resistance gene is the ALS gene.

Embodiment 5

[0129] The method of any of Embodiments 1-4, wherein the promoter-free marker cassette is stably integrated into the plant genome.

Embodiment 6

[0130] A method for the targeted insertion of exogenous DNA into a plant comprising the steps of

[0131] (i) transforming isolated plant cells with [0132] (A) a first binary vector comprising a promoter-less cassette comprising (a) a right border sequence linked to (b) a partial sequence of the Ubi7 intron 5'-translated region; (c) an Ubi7 monomer-encoding sequence fused to a mutated acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene; (d) a desired nucleotide sequence; and (e) a terminator sequence, wherein the desired nucleotide sequence is not operably linked to a promoter; and [0133] (B) a second binary vector comprising (a) a right border; (b) a forward expression cassette and a reverse expression cassette, each comprising a modified TAL effector or Cas9 operably linked to a strong constitutive promoter, and a terminator sequence; and (c) a sequence encoding isopentenyl transferase (ipt), wherein the modified TAL effector or Cas9 is designed to bind the desired nucleotide sequence within an intron of potato's ubiquitin-7 (Ubi7) gene; and

[0134] (ii) culturing the isolated plant cells under conditions that promote growth of plants that express the desired nucleotide sequence; wherein no vector backbone DNA is permanently inserted into the plant genome.

Embodiment 7

[0135] The method of Embodiment 6, wherein the modified TAL effector comprises (a) a truncated C-terminal activation domain comprising a Fok1 endonuclease catalytic domain; (b) a codon-optimized target sequence binding domain comprising 16.5 repeat variable diresidues corresponding to the Ubi7 5'-untranslated intron sequence; and (c) an N-terminal region comprising a SV40 nuclear localization sequence.

Embodiment 8

[0136] The method of any of Embodiments 6-7, wherein the desired nucleotide sequence is a silencing cassette targeting one or more genes selected from the group consisting of asparagine synthase 1 (Asn1), polyphenol oxidase (Ppo), and vacuolar invertase (Inv) genes.

Embodiment 9

[0137] The method of any of Embodiments 6-8, wherein the first binary vector further comprises a late blight resistance gene Vnt1 operably linked to its native promoter and terminator sequences.

Embodiment 10

[0138] A transformed plant comprising in its genome an endogenous Ubi7 promoter operably linked to a desired exogenous nucleotide sequence operably linked to an exogenous terminator sequence.

Embodiment 11

[0139] The transformed plant of Embodiment 10, wherein the expression of one or more genes selected from the group consisting of asparagine synthase 1 (Asn1), polyphenol oxidase (Ppo), and vacular invertase (Inv) genes is down-regulated.

Embodiment 12

[0140] The transformed plant of any of Embodiments 10-11, wherein the plant further expresses a late blight resistance gene Vnt1.

Embodiment 13

[0141] The transformed plant of any of Embodiments 10-12, wherein the plant is a tuber-bearing plant.

Embodiment 14

[0142] The transformed plant of any of Embodiments 10-13, wherein the tuber-bearing plant is a potato plant.

Embodiment 15

[0143] The transformed plant of any of Embodiments 10-14, wherein the plant has a phenotype characterized by one or more of late blight resistance, black spot bruise tolerance, reduced cold-induced sweetening and reduced asparagine levels in its tubers.

Embodiment 16

[0144] A heat-processed product of the transformed plant of any of Embodiments 10-15.

Embodiment 17

[0145] The heat-processed product of Embodiment 16, wherein the product is a French fry, chip, crisp, potato, dehydrated potato or baked potato.

Embodiment 18

[0146] The heat-processed product of Embodiments 16 or 17, wherein the heat-processed product has a lower level of acrylamide than a heat-processed product of a non-transformed plant of the same species.

Embodiment 19

[0147] A modified TAL effector designed to bind to a desired sequence comprising (a) a truncated C-terminal activation domain comprising a catalytic domain; (b) a codon-optimized target sequence binding domain designed to bind a 5'-untranslated intron sequence; and (c) an N-terminal region comprising a nuclear localization sequence.

Embodiment 20

[0148] The modified TAL effector of Embodiment 19, wherein the modified TAL effector is designed to bind the desired sequence within an intron of potato's ubiquitin-7 (Ubi7) gene.

Embodiment 21

[0149] The modified TAL effector of Embodiment 19 or 20, wherein (a) the catalytic domain in the C-terminal activation domain comprises a Fok1 endonuclease; (b) the target sequence binding domain comprises 16.5 repeat variable diresidues corresponding to the Ubi7 5'-untranslated intron sequence; and (c) the nuclear localization sequence in the N-terminal region is a SV40 nuclear localization sequence.

Embodiment 22

[0150] A binary vector comprising (a) a right border; (b) a forward expression cassette and a reverse expression cassette, each encoding a modified TAL effector according to any of Embodiments 19-21 operably linked to a strong constitutive promoter and a terminator sequence; and (c) a sequence encoding isopentenyl transferase (ipt).

Embodiment 23

[0151] A DNA construct comprising a promoter-less cassette comprising (a) a right border sequence linked to (b) a partial Ubi 7 5'-untranslated intron sequence; (c) an Ubi7 monomer-encoding sequence fused to a mutated acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene; (d) a desired nucleotide sequence; (e) a terminator sequence; and (f) a left border, wherein the desired nucleotide sequence is not operably linked to a promoter.

Embodiment 24

[0152] The DMA construct of Embodiment 23, wherein the desired nucleotide sequence is a silencing cassette targeting one or more genes selected from the group consisting of asparagine synthase 1 (Asn1), polyphenol oxidase (Ppo), and vacuolar invertase (Inv) genes.

Embodiment 25

[0153] The DNA construct of Embodiment 23 or 24, wherein the DNA construct further comprises a late blight resistance gene Vnt1 operably linked to its native promoter and terminator sequences.

Embodiment 26

[0154] A kit for targeted insertion of exogenous DNA into a plant comprising:

[0155] (A) a first binary vector comprising a promoter-less cassette comprising (a) a right border sequence linked to (b) a partial sequence of the Ubi7 intron 5'-untranslated region; (c) an Ubi7 monomer-encoding sequence fused to a mutated acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene; (d) a desired nucleotide sequence; and (e) a terminator sequence, wherein the desired nucleotide sequence is not operably finked to a promoter; and

[0156] (B) a second binary vector comprising (a) a right border; (b) a forward expression cassette and a reverse expression cassette, each comprising a modified TAL effector or Cas9operably linked to a strong constitutive promoter, and a terminator sequence; and (e) a sequence encoding isopentenyl transferase (ipt), wherein the modified TAL effector or Cas9 is designed to bind the desired nucleotide sequence within an intron of potato's ubiquitin-7 (Ubi7) gene.

Embodiment 27

[0157] The kit of Embodiment 26, wherein the modified TAL effector comprises (a) a truncated C-terminal activation domain comprising a Fok1 endonuclease catalytic domain; (b) a codon-optimized target sequence binding domain comprising 16.5 repeat variable diresidues corresponding to the Ubi7 5'-untranslated intron sequence; and (c) an N-terminal region comprising a SV40 nuclear localization sequence.

Embodiment 28

[0158] The kit of Embodiment 26 or 27, wherein the desired nucleotide sequence is a silencing cassette targeting one or more genes selected from the group consisting of asparagine synthase 1 (Asn1), polyphenol oxidase (Ppo), and vacuolar invertase (Inv) genes.

Embodiment 29

[0159] The kit of any of Embodiments 26-28, wherein the first binary vector further comprises a late blight resistance gene Vnt1 operably linked to its native promoter and terminator sequences.

Embodiment 30

[0160] A method for targeted insertion of a transfer DNA into a plant genome, comprising: transforming plant material with one or more vectors, which comprise:

[0161] a first genetic cassette encoding an endonuclease-based enzyme that selectively introduces a double-stranded DNA break within a 5' untranslated intron sequence of a targeted gene locus of the plant genome, and

[0162] a second genetic cassette which (a) does not comprise a promoter, (b) comprises a desired gene sequence, and (c) comprises a homologous sequence that mediates homologous recombination-based repair of the double-stranded DNA break introduced by the endonuclease-based enzyme, and

[0163] wherein the transformed plant material comprises the desired gene sequence selectively inserted in the targeted gene locus and operable linked to a promoter associated with the 5' untranslated intron sequence.

Embodiment 33

[0164] The method of Embodiment 30, wherein the endonuclease-based enzyme is TAL effector.

Embodiment 32

[0165] The method of Embodiment 30, wherein the endonuclease-based enzyme is Cas9.

Embodiment 33

[0166] The method of any of Embodiments 30-32, wherein the targeted gene locus is potato's ubiquitin-7 (Ubi7) gene.

Embodiment 34

[0167] The method of any of Embodiments 30-33, further comprising selecting the transformed plant based on a phenotype conferred by the expression of the desired gene sequence inserted in targeted gene locus.

Embodiment 35

[0168] A transformed plant obtained by the method of any of Embodiments 30-34, comprising a modified plant genome which comprises, form 5' to 3', an endogenous promoter operably linked to an exogenous gene sequence operably linked to an exogenous terminator.

Embodiment 36

[0169] A vector suitable for the method of any of Embodiments 30-34, encoding a transfer DNA comprising a right border sequence linked to a promoter-less genetic cassette, wherein the promoter-less genetic cassette expresses a protein, of an RNA transcript when inserted in the targeted gene locus and operably linked to a promoter associated with the 5' untranslated intron sequence.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

Method for Targeted Insertion

[0170] A preferred target site for gene insertion is within an intron positioned in the untranslated 5'-leader region of the potato's ubiquitin-7 (Ubi7) gene. Potato is tetraploid and contains four copies of this gene; the copies are identical or near-identical. The Ubi7 genes are expressed at high levels in a near-constitutive manner, which suggests that they are located in regions that promote transcriptional activity. Sequences positioned within a transfer DNA are therefore expected to be effectively expressed. Furthermore, insertional inactivation of one of the Ubi7 genes is not expected to cause any quality or agronomic issues because potato still contains three functionally-active copies of the gene.

[0171] DNA segments were inserted into the intron sequence of the ubiquitin-7 gene according to the following steps:

[0172] (1) TAL effectors were designed to bind to sequences within the intron, which is (a) more than about 25-bp upstream from the region comprising branch site (consensus=CU(A/G)A(C/U)), pyrimidine-rich (=AT-rich) sequence, and intron/exon junction (consensus=CAGG), and (b) more than about 50-bp downstream from the splice donor site at the exon/intron junction (consensus=AGGT).

[0173] (2) A binary vector was created for transient expression of the TAL effectors in plant cells. This sector contains (a) a single right border but no left border; (b) two TAL effector genes operably linked to strong constitutive promoters: and (c) an expression cassette for the isopentyl transferase (ipt) gene involved in cytokinin production. Stable transformation can be selected against because it would result in integration of the entire vector and, consequently, produce stunted shoots that overexpress cytokinins and are unable to produce roots.

[0174] (3) A second binary vector was created for stable transformation with a transfer DNA comprising genetic elements from potato delineated by borders: (a) right border; (b) part of the intron of the Ubi7 promoter, starting from the sequence between targeted TAL binding sites; (c) Ubi7 monomer-encoding sequence: (d) modified acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene that is insensitive to as least one ALS inhibitor selected from the group including sulfonylureas, imidazolinones, triazolopyrimidines, pyrimidinyl oxybenzoates, and sulfonylamino carbonyl triazolinones; (e) terminator of the ubiquitin-3 gene; (f) silencing cassette targeting the asparagine synthase 1 (Asn1), polyphenol oxidase (Ppo), and vacuolar invertase (Inv) genes; (g) late blight resistance gene Vnt1 operably linked to its native promoter and terminator sequences; and (h) left border. The vector backbone contains, apart from sequences required for maintenance and selection in E. coli and A. tumefaciens, an expression cassette or the ipt gene.

[0175] (4) The two binary vectors were separately introduced into the A. tumefaciens AGL-1 strain.

[0176] (5) Potato stem explants were co-infected with the two strains from step (4) and then co-cultivated for two days.

[0177] (6) Explants were transferred to media containing selection agents that kill Agrobacterium.

[0178] (7) Two weeks after transformation, the explants were again transferred to media also containing an ALS inhibitor.

[0179] (8) Herbicide resistant shoots arising from the explants within the next three months were transferred to root-inducing media and analyzed by PCR for the presence of a junction between the Ubi7 promoter and the modified ALS gene. At least 80% of regenerated plants contained such a junction.

[0180] (9) PCR-positive plants were regenerated, propagated, and evaluated for late blight resistance, reduced asparagine levels in tubers, black spot bruise tolerance, and reduced cold-induced sweetening.

[0181] The next examples describe aspects of the method.

Example 2

Imazamox Kill-Curve Essay

[0182] To determine the concentration of imazamox needed to kill untransformed potato cells, Ranger Russet internode stem explants were transformed with the binary vector pSIM1331. This vector contains (a) an expression cassette for the selectable marker gene nptII inserted between borders and (b) an expression cassette for the ipt gene in the backbone. The strain used to mediate transformation was Agrobacterium strain LBA4404, grown to an OD600 of 0.2. Following a 10 minute inoculation period, the explants were transferred to co-culture medium and placed in a Percival growth chamber at 24.degree. C. under filtered light for 48 hours. Inter-node explants were transferred to hormone-free medium (HFM) containing the antibiotic timentin but lacking imazamox. Petri plates were place in Percival growth chamber at 24.degree. C. and a 16 h photoperiod.

[0183] After two weeks, the inter-node explants were transferred to HFM containing timentin and five treatment concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 & 2.0 mg/l) of the plant selection herbicide imazamox. Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates with each replicate containing .about.20 inter-node explants per Petri plate. Petri plates were placed in Percival growth chamber at 24.degree. C. and a 16 h photoperiod. Inter-node explants were subcultured every 2 weeks to fresh HFM containing the respective treatment concentration of imazamox to encourage any regeneration of shoots and reduce any Agrobacterium over-growth.

[0184] Results indicated that a small number of inter-node explants in all imazamox treatment concentrations exhibited some Ipt meristamatic callus growth and primary shoot formation. However, no fully developed normal shoots arose in any of the imazamox treatment concentrations. Based upon these results, it was determined that 2.0 mg/l imazamox is the optimal concentration for in vitro selection. Optimal concentration is defined as the concentration of a selective agent that allows cell growth to some degree but does not allow regeneration of fully developed shoots.

[0185] The co-culture medium included 0.444 g/l Murashige & Skoog modified basal medium with Gamborg vitamins (M404; PhytoTechnology Laboratories), 30 g/l sucrose (S24060; Research Products International Corp.) and 6.0 g/l agar (S20400; Research Products International Corp.) and had pH 5.7.

[0186] The hormone-free medium (HFM) included 4.44 g/l Murashige & Skoog modified basal medium with Gamborg vitamins (404; PhytoTechnology Laboratories), 30 g/l sucrose (S24060; Research Products International Corp.), 300 mg/l timentin and 2.0g/l Gelzan (G024; Caisson), and had pH 5.7

Example 3

Transformation and Regeneration of Potato Plants from Stem Explains Single Strain Approach

[0187] (1) 3-4-week old in vitro Ranger Russet potato plants growing on stock medium comprising 2.22 g/l Murashige & Skoog modified basal medium with Gamborg vitamins (M404; PhytoTechnology Laboratories), 15 g/l sucrose (S24060; Research Products International Corp.) and 2.0 g/l Gelzan (G024; Caisson) at pH 5.7, were used.

[0188] (2) The leaves and node sections were removed and inter-node stem portions were isolated. The inter-node stem portions were cut into 3-5 mm explants sections and placed in 15 ml of MS liquid medium containing 4.44 g/l Murashige & Skoog modified basal medium with Gamborg vitamins (M404; PhytoTechnology Laboratories), and 30 g/l sucrose (S24060; Research Products International Corp.) at pH 5.7.

[0189] (3) Agrobacterium (LBA440) derived from a single colony containing a binary vector TAL effector cassette and a binary vector gene-of-interest cassette was grown overnight in Luria Broth at 28.degree. C. in a shaking incubator. The next day the bacterial solution was pelleted and resuspended to 0.2 OD600 in MS liquid medium.

[0190] (4) Stem explants were incubated in the bacterial solution for 10 minutes at room temperature and blotted dry on sterile filter paper to remove excels of bacteria.

[0191] (5) The inoculated stem explains were placed on co-culture medium without selection in a Percival growth chamber for 48 h under filtered light. The co-culture medium contained 0.444 g/l Murashige & Skoog modified basal medium with Gamborg vitamins (M404; PhytoTechnology Laboratories), 30 g/l sucrose (S24060; Research Products International Corp.) and 6.0 g/l agar (S20400; Research Products International Corp.) at pH 5.7

[0192] (6) The stem explains were transferred to either callus induction hormone medium (CIHM) or hormone-free medium (HFM) containing antibiotics (timentin) and without plant selection. Petri plates were placed in a Percival growth chamber at 24.degree. C. with a 16 h photoperiod. The CIHM contained 4.44 g/l Murashige & Skoog modified basal medium with Gamborg vitamins (M404; Phytotechnology Laboratories), 30 g/l sucrose(S24060; Research Products International Corp.), 2.5 mg/l zeatin riboside, 0.1 mg/l NAA, 300 mg/l timentin and 6.0 g/l agar (S20400; Research Products International Corp.) at pH 5.7. The HFM contained 4.44 g/l Murashige & Skoog modified basal medium with Gamborg vitamins (M404; PhytoTechnology Laboratories), 30 g/l sucrose (S24060; Research Products International Corp.), 300 mg/l timentin and 2.0 g/l Gelzan (G024; Caisson) at pH 5.7

[0193] (7) After two weeks, the stem explants were transferred to either callus induction hormone medium (CIHM) or hormone-free medium (HFM) containing antibiotics (timentin) and plant selection. Petri plates were placed in a Percival growth chamber at 24.degree. C. with a 16 h photoperiod. The CIHM contained 4.44 g/l Murashige & Skoog modified basal medium with Gamborg vitamins (M404; PhytoTechnology Laboratories), 10 g/l sucrose (S24060; Research Products International Corp.), 2.5 mg/l zeatin riboside, 0.1 mg/l NAA, 300 mg/l timentin, 2.0 mg/l imazamox and 6.0 g/l agar (S20400; Research Products International Corp.) at pH 5.7. The HFM contained 4.44 g/l Murashige & Skoog modified basal medium with Gamborg vitamins (M404; PhytoTechnology Laboratories), 30 g/l sucrose (S24060; Research Products International Corp.), 300 mg/l timentin, 2.0 mg/l imazamox and 2.0 g/l Gelzan (OD24; Caisson) at pH 5.7.

[0194] (8) Four weeks post-transformation, the stem explants were transferred to either Shoot induction hormone medium (SIHM) or hormone-free medium (HFM) containing antibiotics (timentin) and plant selection. Petri plates were placed in a Percival growth chamber at 24.degree. C. with a 16 h photoperiod. Stem explants were sub-cultured every 2-4 weeks to fresh SIHM or HFM to encourage full regeneration of shoots. The SIHM contained 4.44 g/l Murashige & Skoog modified basal medium with Gamborg vitamins (M404; PhytoTechnology Laboratories), 30 g/l sucrose (S24060: Research Products International Corp.), 2,5 mg/l zeatin riboside, 0.3 mg/l GA3, 300 mg/l timentin, 2.0 mg/l imazamox and 6.0 g/l agar (S20400; Research Products International Corp.) at pH 5.7. The HFM contained 4.44 g/l Murashige & Skoog modified basal medium with Gamborg vitamins (M404; PhytoTechnology Laboratories), 30 g/l sucrose (S24060; Research Products International Corp.), 300 mg/l timentin, 2.0 mg/l imazamox and 2.0 g/l Gelzan (G024; Caisson) at pH 5.7.

[0195] (9) Fully developed shoots were propagated for future testing and analysis.

Example 4

Transformation and Regeneration of Potato Plants from Stem Explants Double Strain Approach

[0196] (1) 3-4 week-old in vitro Ranger Russet potato plants growing on stock medium containing 2.22 g/l Murashige & Skoog modified basal medium with Gamborg vitamins (M404; Phytotechnology Laboratories), 15 g/l sucrose (S24060; Research Products International Corp.) and 2.0 g/l Gelzan (G024; Caisson) at pH 5.7 were used.

[0197] The leaves and node sections were removed and inter-node stem portions were isolated. The inter-node stem portions were cut into 3-5 mm explants sections and placed in 15 ml of MS liquid medium containing 4.44 g/l Murashige & Skoog modified basal medium with Gamborg vitamins (M404; PhytoTechnology Laboratories), and 30 g/l sucrose (S24060; Research Products International Corp.) at pH 5.7

[0198] (3) Two separate Agrobacterium strains (LBA4404), each derived from a single colony, one containing a binary vector comprising a TAL effector cassette and the other containing a binary vector comprising a gene-of-interest cassette, were grown overnight in Luria Broth at 28.degree. C. in a shaking incubator. The next day, each separate bacterial solution was pelleted and re-suspended to 0.2 OD600 in MS liquid medium.

[0199] (4) Stem explants were incubated in a single combined bacterial solution that consisted of equal volumes from each individual bacterial solution (co-transformation) for 10 minutes at room temperature and blotted dry on sterile fiber paper to remove excess of bacteria.

[0200] (5) The inoculated stem explants were placed on co-culture medium without selection in a Percival growth chamber for 48 h under filtered light. The co-culture medium contained 0.444 g/l Murashige & Skoog modified basal medium with Gamborg vitamins (M404; PhytoTechnology Laboratories), 30 g/l sucrose (S24060; Research Products International Corp.) and 6.0 g/l agar (S20400; Research Products International Corp.) at pH 5.7.

[0201] (6) The stem explants were transferred to either callus induction hormone medium (CIHM) or hormone-free medium (HFM) containing antibiotics (Timentin) and without plant selection. The Petri plates were placed in a Percival growth chamber at 24.degree. C. with a 16 h photoperiod. The CIHM contained 4.44 g/l Murashige & Skoog modified basal medium with Gamborg vitamins (M404; PhytoTechnology Laboratories), 30 g/l sucrose (S24060; Research Products International Corp.), 2.5 mg/l Zeatin Riboside, 0.1 mg/l NAA, 300 mg/l Timentin and 6.0 g/l agar (S20400; Research Products International Corp.) at pH 5.7. The HFM contained 4.44 g/l Murashige & Skoog modified basal medium with Gamborg vitamins (M404; PhytoTechnology Laboratories), 30 g/l sucrose (S24060; Research Products International Corp.), 300 mg/l Timentin and 2.0 g/l Gelzan (G024; Caisson) at pH 5.7.

[0202] (7) After two weeks, the stem explants were transferred to either callus induction hormone medium (CIHM) or hormone-free medium (HFM) containing antibiotics (Timentin) and plant selection. The Petri plates were placed in a Percival growth chamber at 24.degree. C. with a 16 h photoperiod. The CIHM contained 4.44 g/l Murashige & Skoog modified basal medium with Gamborg vitamins (M404; PhytoTechnology Laboratories), 30 g/l sucrose (S24060; Research Products International Corp.). 2.5 mg/l Zeatin Riboside, 0.1 mg/l NAA, 3.00 mg/l Timentin, 2.0 mg/l imazamox and 6.0 g/l agar (S20400; Research Products International Corp.) at pH 5.7. The HFM contained 4.44 g/l Murashige & Skoog modified basal medium with Gamborg vitamins (M404; PhytoTechnology Laboratories), 30 g/l sucrose (S24060; Research Products International Corp.), 300 mg/l Timentin, 2.0 mg/l imazamox and 2.0 g/l Gelzan (G024; Caisson) at pH 5.7.

[0203] (8) Four weeks post-transformation, the stem explants were transferred to either Shoot induction hormone medium (SIHM) or hormone-free medium (HFM) containing antibiotics (Timentin) and plant selection. The Petri plates were placed in a Percival growth chamber at 24.degree. C. with a 16 h photoperiod. Stem explants were subcultured every 2-4 weeks to fresh SIHM or HFM to encourage full regeneration of shoots. The SIHM contained 4.44 g/l Murashige & Skoog modified basal medium with Gamborg vitamins (M404; PhytoTechnology Laboratories), 30 g/l sucrose (S24060; Research Products International Corp.), 2.5 mg/l Zeatin Riboside, 0.3 mg/l GA3, 300 mg/l Timentin, 2.0 mg/l imazamox and 6.0 g/l agar (S20400; Research Products International Corp.) at pH 5.7. The HFM contained 4.44 g/l Murashige & Skoog modified basal medium with Gamborg vitamins (M404; PhytoTechnology Laboratories), 30 g/l sucrose (S24060; Research Products International Corp.), 300 mg/l Timentin, 2.0 mg/l imazamox and 2.0 g/l Gelzan (G024; Caisson) at pH 5.7

[0204] (9) Fully developed shoots were propagated for future testing and analysis.

Example 5

Target Site Sequence in Potato Ranger, Burbank and Atlantic Cultivars

[0205] To determine if the target region (5' region of Ubi7 promoter intron) is conserved across different potato cultivars, primer pair HD175F1 and HD175R1 (SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2) were designed and used to amplify target region from the potato varieties Ranger, Burbank, and Atlantic. The amplified fragments were cloned into pGEMT-easy vector and sequenced. Sequence result showed that the target regions is identical for all varieties tested. The ubi7 promoter intron sequence is represented by SEQ ID NO: 3.

Example 6

Design of TAL Effectors

[0206] A pair of TAL effectors was designed to target the selected region. Forward and reverse TALE recognition sites are listed as SEQ ID NO: 4 and SEQ ID NO: 5, respectively. The TALE scaffold was Hax3, a member of the AvrBs3 family that was identified in Brassicaceae pathogen X. campestris pv. Armoraciae strain 5. The modification made on this scaffold included: (a) the C-terminal activation domain of original Hax3 was truncated; (b) a nuclear localization sequence from SV0 virus was added at the N terminal of truncated Hax3 protein; (c) a codon optimization was performed on original Hax3 DNA sequence; (d) original 11.5 repeat variable diresidues (RVD) were replaced by 16.5 RVDs corresponding to the targeting sites; (e) a catalytic domain of Fok1 nuclease was added at the C-terminal of modified Hax3 scaffold.

Example 7

Vector for DNA Transfer

[0207] The transfer DNA consisted of potato-derived genetic elements and was delineated by T-DNA-like borders. It included three cassettes from left border to right border; (a) a late blight resistant cassette; (b) a tuber-specific silencing cassette targeting three genes: the ASN1 gene involved in asparagine formation; the acidic invertase (INV) gene associated with hydrolysis of sucrose; and the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) gene that encodes the enzyme oxidizing polyphenols upon impact braise; and (c) a promoter-less mutated potato acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene (with W563L AND S642I substitutions) that was hypothesized to confer resistance to ALS inhibiting herbicides when over-expressed.

[0208] The transfer DNA was designed to be inserted into the intron region positioned within the leader of one of potato's four Ubi7 genes, so that the associated Ubi7 promoter would drive expression of the ALS gene and confer resistance against ALS inhibitor-type herbicides.

[0209] Since the Ubi7 monomer plays an important role in protein stabilization, the coding sequence, preceded by part of the intron, was fused in frame to the ALS gene. Insertion of the transfer DNA into a binary vector created the plasmid pSIM2168. The organization of the transfer DNA is illustrated in FIG. 1. The DNA and protein sequences of wild type and mutated ALS gene are represented by SEQ ID NOS: 10, 11, 12 and 13. The whole transfer DNA sequence in pSIM2168 is represented by SEQ ID NO: 14.

Example 8

Vector for TAL Effectors

[0210] Each TAL effector, forward or reverse, was driven by a constitutive (35s or FMV) promoter and followed by a terminator (Nos or Ocs), to form two separate plant expression cassettes. The two cassettes were cloned into a binary vector to form the pSIM2170 as shown in FIG. 2. This binary vector had only one border and contained an ipt gene expression cassette so that it was possible to select against stable integration of the effector genes.

Example 9

The Right Border Upstream the Ubi7 Intron 5' Region Supports DNA Transfer

[0211] Because efficacy of the border as primary cleavage site is dependent, in part, on flanking DNA sequences, a right border upstream the Ubi7 intron 5' region was tested for its ability to support DNA transfer. For this purpose, a DNA fragment comprising the right border/intron sequence upstream from the Ubi7 monomer and modified ALS gene was cloned into the binary vector pSIM123-F to for pSIM2164. Vector pSIM123-F contained an expression cassette for the selectable marker gene nptII, but lacked the borders needed to transfer this cassette into plant cells (see FIG. 3). Nevertheless, infection of explants with an Agrobacterium strain carrying the pSIM2164 generated the same number of kanamycin resistant shoots per explant as a positive control (infection with a strain carrying the nptII gene positioned within T-DNA borders).

[0212] To test the efficiency of the mutated ALS gene in conferring imazamox resistance to potato, a vector carrying a Ubi7::ALS cassette (pSIM2162, see FIG. 4) was created. Transformation with this vector yielded herbicide resistant plants that were confirmed by PCR to contain the Ubi7::ALS cassette.

Example 10

Vector Design for Transient Transformation in N. benthamiana

[0213] To test the efficiency of the specifically designed TALEs in vivo, a vector with the target sequence (part of the Ubi7 intron) was designed. This vector, pSIM2167, was co-transformed with the vector carrying the effectors into N. benthamiana. As shown in FIG. 6, the target sequence contained the forward and reverse recognition sites positioned immediately downstream from the start codon of the GUS reporter gene. A stop codon between the two recognition sequences and in frame wish the GUS coding sequence rendered the GUS coding sequence inactive. If the TALEs bind their designed recognition sites and cleave in the intermediary sequence, subsequent repair would be expected to occasionally eliminate the stop codon without altering the reading frame, thus restoring GUS function. Such events, could be visualized by histochemically staining the N. benthamiana leaves, about 4 days after infiltration.

[0214] The target sequence region can also be PCR amplified and sequenced to identify TALE mediated mutations. However, direct PCR and cloning of the target sequence would yield an un-modified target sequence because of the possible low efficiency of transformation. Therefore, the isolated DNA was first digested with the AluI enzyme, which cleaves the AGCT restriction site located between the two TALE recognition sites. After amplification, the PCR products were again digested with Alul to further enrich the mutated target sequence for downstream cloning and sequencing analyses. The entire sequence of FMV-target-GUS-Nos cassette is represented by SEQ ID N: 15. The PCR primers used for amplifying the target sequence are represented by SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17.

Example 11

Agrobacterium Transformation and N. benthamiana Infiltration

[0215] The designed sectors were transformed into Agrobacterium strain AGL1 and tested for vector stability. Four to six days after infiltration, leaf discs from infiltrated tissue were collected for GUS staining assay and DNA isolation. Isolated DNA was digested with the AluI enzyme and used as template for target region amplification and further cloning and sequencing. As shown in FIG. 7, GUS staining was observed in co-infiltrated tissue (right panel) but not in the tissue infiltrated by target vector alone (left panel). Further sequence analyses showed in FIG. 8 also confirmed that the target sequence was modified by TALEs.

Example 12

Genotyping of Stable Transformants

[0216] Primer pairs HD208 F1 and R1 were designed to genotype herbicide resistant transformants. The forward primer is located in the promoter region of Ubi7 gene, and the reverse primer is located in ALS coding region. The primer pair is targeted-insertion specific primer because only if the transfer DNA is inserted into the designed position, the primer pair will amplify a fragment. PCR analysis of the independent herbicide resistant lines from the co-transformation of pSIM2170 and pSIM2168 did amplify fragments. These fragments were cloned and sequenced. As shown in FIG. 9, in one line, TALE1, the fragment contained part of the transfer DNA cassette, including the partial Ubi7 intron, the Ubi7 monomer and part of the ALS coding region, flanked by potato genome sequence. Sequence blast showed that the flanked potato genome is the promoter region of an Ubi7 like gene located on chromosome 7 which also contains very similar recognition sites of the designed TALE. In another two lines, TALE2 and TALE3, the transfer DNA cassettes were inserted into the same genomic loci as in TALE1, except that intron portions of the transfer DNA cassette were largely deleted. The TALE2 and TALE3 lines were very similar, except that in TALE2 there was a 9 bp deletion in the Ubi7 monomer.

Example 13

Characterization of Stable Transformed Lines for Targeted Insertion

[0217] The data and results described above indicated that the targeted insertion of an intended DNA segment was successful. Herbicide resistant Ranger Russet (RR) lines from the co-transformation of pSIM2170 and pSIM2168 were propagated and transferred to soil for following tests/analyses. Specifically, the transformed lines were tested for resistance to Late blight diseases challenge, by determining the activity of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase, and running southern analyses for copy number of both silencing and Vnt1 cassettes. For diseases assay, plantlets in soil for three weeks were inoculated with P. infestans late blight strain US8 BF6 for the development of disease symptom. For Southern blot analyses, 3 .mu.g DNA isloated from leaf tissues were digested by HindIII restriction enzyme, run on 0.7% agarose gel, transferred to positive charged nylon membrane and hybridized with Dig labeled probes either for invertase fragment in silencing cassette or for Vnt1 promoter in Vnt1 expression cassette. Four lines were identified and summarized in Table 1 below. These lines were late blight resistant (see FIG. 11) and had a single copy for both cassettes (see FIG. 12). Each extra band in line RR-36 and RR-39, as compared to RR control lines, indicated the presence of a single copy of the transgene. (Data for line RR-26 and RR-32 are not shown).

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 Line Characterization for Targeted Insertion. Line number Late Blight Invertase Copy No. Vnt1 Copy No. Ranger control susceptible 0 0 RR-26 resistant 1 1 RR-32 resistant 1 1 RR-36 resistant 1 1 RR-38 resistant 1 1

Example 14

Field Trial Evaluation of Transformed Lines for Targeted Insertion

[0218] Plantlets of Ranger Russet (RR) and Snowden (SN) that were co-transformed with pSIM2170 and pSIM2168 were planted in a replicated field trial . Plant lines were evaluated for trait efficacy and yield. Snowden lines 2, 15, 55 <& 83 (see FIG. 13) as well as Ranger lines 26, 32, 38 & 39 (see FIG. 15) were very uniform for the silencing of asparagine in potato tubers. In addition, the same SN lines (see FIG. 14) and RR lines (see FIG. 16) also had very uniform silencing of polyphenol oxidase (PPO). These results indicate that the target site allows for uniform and high expression of the silencing cassette. Yield from the above mention SN and RR lines (sec FIG. 17) were not significantly different when compared to the wild type (WT) and empty vector controls (2162, 2320). This result suggest that the targeted insertion site does not have a negative impact on yield potential.

Example 15

CAS9-Mediated Targeted Transfer DNA Insertion

[0219] Besides Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) there are other endonuclease based genome editing enzymes such as meganuclease (Epinat et al., 2003), Zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) (Porteus and Baltimore, 2003), (Bogdanove and Voytas, 2011) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) endonuclease (Jinek et al., 2012; Mussolino, C. & Cathomen 2013) that could introduce DSB in the target DNA sequence. Once DSB was generated, plant DNA repair machinery will either repair the break through a non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway, which is imprecise and creates mutations to achieve gene knock out, or through a homologous recombination (HR) pathway to achieve gene targeting (gene replacement or insertions (Symington and Gautier 2011). Therefore, the similar strategy used in our TALEN based DNA integration is transferable into other nuclease based genome editing tools. As an example, here we show an engineered CAS9 endonuclease can modify on our Ubi7 intron DNA target.

[0220] Cas9 genome editing technology uses a small chimeric RNA which contains a 20 bp target specific sequence and a small RNA scaffold to guide Cas9 nucleases to cleave the target. Construct pSIM4187 was designed to contain two expression cassettes (FIG. 18). The first is a CAS9 nuclease expression cassette. Plant codon-optimized Cas9 was driven by a constitutive FMV promoter and a nuclear localization sequence from SV40 virus was added at the N terminal of protein. The DNA and amino acid sequences of engineered Cas9 are listed as SEQ ID No: 18 and SEQ ID No: 19, respectively. The second cassette produces guide RNA upon transcription in the plant cell under the control of a constitutive 35S promoter. The sequence of guide RNA is listed as SEQ ID NO: 20. The designed vectors pSIM4187 was transformed into Agrobacterium strain AGL1 and checked for vector stability. Then agrobacteria containing pSIM4187 were used to co-infiltrate N. benthamina with agrobacteria containing plasmid pSIM2167, which is the construct containing the Ubi7 intron target described in previous examples. Two to four days after infiltration, leaf discs from the infiltrated tissues were collected for GUS staining assay and DNA isolation. Isolated DNA was digested with AluI enzyme and used as template for target region amplification and further cloning and sequencing. As shown in FIG. 19, GUS staining was observed in co-infiltrated tissue (right panel) but not in the tissue infiltrated by target vector alone (left panel). Further sequence analyses showed in FIG. 20 confirmed the target sequence was modified by Cas9. The modification is very similar to that induced by designed TALEN.

Sequence CWU 1

1

51120DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic primer 1tcctaatttt ccccaccaca 20220DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic primer 2aacagccgga gaaactcaaa 203568DNASolanum tuberosum 3gttagaaatc ttctctattt ttggtttttg tctgtttaga ttctcgaatt agctaatcag 60gtgctgttat agcccttaat tttgagtttt ttttcggttg tcttgatgga aaaggcctaa 120aatttgagtt tttttacgtt ggtttgatgg aaaaggccta caattggagt tttccccgtt 180gttttgatga aaaagcccct agtttgagat tttttttctg tcgattcgat tctaaaggtt 240taaaattaga gtttttacat ttgtttgatg aaaaaggcct taaatttgag tttttccggt 300tgatttgatg aaaaagccct agaatttgtg ttttttcgtc ggtttgattc tgaaggccta 360aaatttgagt ttctccggct gttttgatga aaaagcccta aatttgagtt tctccggctg 420ttttgatgaa aaagccctaa atttgagttt tttccccgtg ttttagattg tttggtttta 480attctcgaat cagctaatca gggagtgtga aaagccctaa atttgagttt ttttcgttgt 540tctgattgtt gtttttatga atttgcag 568418DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 4ttttgtctgt ttagattc 18518DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 5ttaagggcta taacagca 1863396DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic polynucleotide 6atggctccca aaaagaagag aaaggtagaa ccaggatcac ctggtggaca atcacttatg 60gacccaatac gaagcagaac gccatcacca gctagggaac ttctctctgg accacagcct 120gatggagttc agccaactgc agatcgaggt gtttctccgc cagccggtgg ccctttagat 180ggactcccag caagaagaac aatgtcccgt accagactcc caagtccccc tgccccgtcg 240ccagcctttt cagctgactc cttctctgat cttcttaggc aatttgaccc ttctcttttc 300aatacatccc ttttcgattc acttcctcct ttcggcgcac atcatactga ggcagccacc 360ggcgaatggg acgaagtcca aagtggttta agggcagctg atgctccacc accgacgatg 420agagtcgctg ttaccgccgc acgtcctcct agagccaagc cagcccctag aagacgagct 480gcgcaaccct ccgatgcaag ccctgcagct caagtagacc ttcgaacact aggttactcc 540cagcaacaac aagaaaaaat aaagccaaag gttagatcaa cagttgcaca acatcacgaa 600gccctagtcg gacacggatt tacacatgct catatcgtgg ctctttcaca acatcctgca 660gctcttggaa cagtcgctgt caaatatcag gatatgattg ctgcattgcc agaagctact 720cacgaagcta tcgtcggagt tgggaaacaa tggtcaggcg caagagcatt agaggcgctt 780ctcaccgtag ctggtgaatt acgaggtcct ccactccaat tggatactgg gcaattatta 840aaaatcgcta aacgaggtgg agtcactgct gtcgaagccg ttcatgcatg gcgtaacgct 900ctcacggggg ccccactaaa ccttacccca caacaagttg tggcaatagc ttctaatggt 960ggtggtaaac aagcccttga gacggttcaa agacttctac cagttctttg tcaggcacat 1020ggattgaccc cacaacaggt cgtagcaatc gcatctaacg gaggtggtaa gcaagctctt 1080gaaacggtac aaagattact tcccgtgctt tgtcaagctc atggactcac tcctcaacaa 1140gtggtcgcta ttgcaagtaa cggtggtgga aagcaagcac tagaaaccgt ccaacgactc 1200cttcctgttc tctgtcaagc acatggtttg actcctcagc aggtcgtcgc aattgcatca 1260aacaatggag gcaaacaagc tttagaaaca gtacaaagac tattgcccgt tctttgccaa 1320gcgcatgggt taactcccga acaagtcgtt gccattgcaa gtaacggagg aggtaaacaa 1380gctctcgaaa cggttcaagc acttttaccc gttctctgtc aagcacatgg actcacacct 1440gaacaagtag ttgctatcgc atcgcatgat ggtggaaaac aagcactgga aactgtacaa 1500agacttttgc cagttttatg tcaagcgcac ggtcttactc ctcaacaagt tgtcgccatt 1560gcctctaatg gaggtggaaa acaagctctt gaaactgtcc agagacttct gcccgttcta 1620tgtcaggctc atgggctaac ccctcaacag gttgttgcaa tcgcatctaa taatggagga 1680aaacaagctt tagaaactgt ccaacgacta ctgcccgttc tctgccaagc acacggactt 1740acaccacaac aggttgtagc tatagctagc aatggtggcg gtaaacaggc tttggaaaca 1800gtacagcggc ttctaccagt cttatgccaa gcccacgggc ttactcctca acaagttgtc 1860gccattgcct ctaatggagg tggaaaacaa gctcttgaaa ctgtccagag acttctgccc 1920gttctatgtc aggctcatgg gcttactcct gaacaggttg tcgcaatagc ttcaaacggt 1980ggcggaaaac aagctcttga aacagtgcaa cgtctccttc ccgtcctctg tcaggctcac 2040ggacttacgc ccgaacaagt tgttgctata gcttcgaata ttggtggaaa acaagctctc 2100gaaaccgtcc aaaggctcct cccagtactt tgccaagcac atggattaac ccctgagcaa 2160gtagttgcaa ttgcctcgaa caatggagga aagcaagcat tagaaactgt tcagagactt 2220ttgcctgtcc tgtgtcaagc ccacggtctt acaccagagc aggttgtcgc tatagcttct 2280aacattggtg gaaagcaagc tcttgagact gtgcaacgtt tgcttccagt cctctgtcaa 2340gcacacggac tcactccaca acaggtggtt gcaattgctt caaatggcgg tggcaaacaa 2400gcattagaga ctgtacagag actacttcct gttctttgtc aagcacaagg gctcacccct 2460gagcaggtag tcgctatcgc ctcaaatggt ggcgggaagc aggccctgga gactgttcag 2520agactactgc ccgtcctatg tcaggctcac ggtctaacac cacaacaagt cgtcgcaatc 2580gctagtcatg acggaggtcg acctgctcta gagtcgatag tcgcacaact atcacgacct 2640gatcccgctc ttgcagcatt gacaaacgat catttagtcg cacttgcatg tttaggagga 2700cgaccagcac ttgatgccgt taagaaagga ctaccgcacg cccctgcatt gattaaaaga 2760acaaacagac gaatcccgga gagaacttca catcgtgtag ccaagcaact tgtcaaaagt 2820gaactggagg agaagaaatc tgaacttcgt cataaattga aatatgtgcc tcatgaatat 2880attgaattaa ttgaaattgc cagaaattcc actcaggata gaattcttga aatgaaggta 2940atggaatttt ttatgaaagt ttatggatat agaggtaaac atttgggtgg atcaaggaaa 3000ccggacggag caatttatac tgtcggatct cctattgatt acggtgtgat cgtggatact 3060aaagcttata gcggaggtta taatctgcca attggccaag cagatgaaat gcaacgatat 3120gtcgaagaaa atcaaacacg aaacaaacat atcaacccta atgaatggtg gaaagtctat 3180ccatcttctg taacggaatt taagttttta tttgtgagtg gtcactttaa aggaaactac 3240aaagctcagc ttacacgatt aaatcatatc actaattgta atggagctgt tcttagtgta 3300gaagagcttt taattggtgg agaaatgatt aaagccggca cattaacctt agaggaagtg 3360agacggaaat ttaataacgg cgagataaac ttttga 339671131PRTArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic polypeptide 7Met Ala Pro Lys Lys Lys Arg Lys Val Glu Pro Gly Ser Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Gln Ser Leu Met Asp Pro Ile Arg Ser Arg Thr Pro Ser Pro Ala Arg 20 25 30 Glu Leu Leu Ser Gly Pro Gln Pro Asp Gly Val Gln Pro Thr Ala Asp 35 40 45 Arg Gly Val Ser Pro Pro Ala Gly Gly Pro Leu Asp Gly Leu Pro Ala 50 55 60 Arg Arg Thr Met Ser Arg Thr Arg Leu Pro Ser Pro Pro Ala Pro Ser 65 70 75 80 Pro Ala Phe Ser Ala Asp Ser Phe Ser Asp Leu Leu Arg Gln Phe Asp 85 90 95 Pro Ser Leu Phe Asn Thr Ser Leu Phe Asp Ser Leu Pro Pro Phe Gly 100 105 110 Ala His His Thr Glu Ala Ala Thr Gly Glu Trp Asp Glu Val Gln Ser 115 120 125 Gly Leu Arg Ala Ala Asp Ala Pro Pro Pro Thr Met Arg Val Ala Val 130 135 140 Thr Ala Ala Arg Pro Pro Arg Ala Lys Pro Ala Pro Arg Arg Arg Ala 145 150 155 160 Ala Gln Pro Ser Asp Ala Ser Pro Ala Ala Gln Val Asp Leu Arg Thr 165 170 175 Leu Gly Tyr Ser Gln Gln Gln Gln Glu Lys Ile Lys Pro Lys Val Arg 180 185 190 Ser Thr Val Ala Gln His His Glu Ala Leu Val Gly His Gly Phe Thr 195 200 205 His Ala His Ile Val Ala Leu Ser Gln His Pro Ala Ala Leu Gly Thr 210 215 220 Val Ala Val Lys Tyr Gln Asp Met Ile Ala Ala Leu Pro Glu Ala Thr 225 230 235 240 His Glu Ala Ile Val Gly Val Gly Lys Gln Trp Ser Gly Ala Arg Ala 245 250 255 Leu Glu Ala Leu Leu Thr Val Ala Gly Glu Leu Arg Gly Pro Pro Leu 260 265 270 Gln Leu Asp Thr Gly Gln Leu Leu Lys Ile Ala Lys Arg Gly Gly Val 275 280 285 Thr Ala Val Glu Ala Val His Ala Trp Arg Asn Ala Leu Thr Gly Ala 290 295 300 Pro Leu Asn Leu Thr Pro Gln Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser Asn Gly 305 310 315 320 Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu 325 330 335 Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro Gln Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser 340 345 350 Asn Gly Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro 355 360 365 Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro Gln Gln Val Val Ala Ile 370 375 380 Ala Ser Asn Gly Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu 385 390 395 400 Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro Gln Gln Val Val 405 410 415 Ala Ile Ala Ser Asn Asn Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln 420 425 430 Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln 435 440 445 Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser Asn Gly Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr 450 455 460 Val Gln Ala Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro 465 470 475 480 Glu Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser His Asp Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu 485 490 495 Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu 500 505 510 Thr Pro Gln Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser Asn Gly Gly Gly Lys Gln 515 520 525 Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His 530 535 540 Gly Leu Thr Pro Gln Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser Asn Asn Gly Gly 545 550 555 560 Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln 565 570 575 Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro Gln Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser Asn Gly 580 585 590 Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu 595 600 605 Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro Gln Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser 610 615 620 Asn Gly Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro 625 630 635 640 Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Val Val Ala Ile 645 650 655 Ala Ser Asn Gly Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu 660 665 670 Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Val Val 675 680 685 Ala Ile Ala Ser Asn Ile Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln 690 695 700 Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln 705 710 715 720 Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser Asn Asn Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr 725 730 735 Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro 740 745 750 Glu Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser Asn Ile Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu 755 760 765 Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu 770 775 780 Thr Pro Gln Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser Asn Gly Gly Gly Lys Gln 785 790 795 800 Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln Ala Gln 805 810 815 Gly Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser Asn Gly Gly Gly 820 825 830 Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln 835 840 845 Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro Gln Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser His Asp 850 855 860 Gly Gly Arg Pro Ala Leu Glu Ser Ile Val Ala Gln Leu Ser Arg Pro 865 870 875 880 Asp Pro Ala Leu Ala Ala Leu Thr Asn Asp His Leu Val Ala Leu Ala 885 890 895 Cys Leu Gly Gly Arg Pro Ala Leu Asp Ala Val Lys Lys Gly Leu Pro 900 905 910 His Ala Pro Ala Leu Ile Lys Arg Thr Asn Arg Arg Ile Pro Glu Arg 915 920 925 Thr Ser His Arg Val Ala Lys Gln Leu Val Lys Ser Glu Leu Glu Glu 930 935 940 Lys Lys Ser Glu Leu Arg His Lys Leu Lys Tyr Val Pro His Glu Tyr 945 950 955 960 Ile Glu Leu Ile Glu Ile Ala Arg Asn Ser Thr Gln Asp Arg Ile Leu 965 970 975 Glu Met Lys Val Met Glu Phe Phe Met Lys Val Tyr Gly Tyr Arg Gly 980 985 990 Lys His Leu Gly Gly Ser Arg Lys Pro Asp Gly Ala Ile Tyr Thr Val 995 1000 1005 Gly Ser Pro Ile Asp Tyr Gly Val Ile Val Asp Thr Lys Ala Tyr 1010 1015 1020 Ser Gly Gly Tyr Asn Leu Pro Ile Gly Gln Ala Asp Glu Met Gln 1025 1030 1035 Arg Tyr Val Glu Glu Asn Gln Thr Arg Asn Lys His Ile Asn Pro 1040 1045 1050 Asn Glu Trp Trp Lys Val Tyr Pro Ser Ser Val Thr Glu Phe Lys 1055 1060 1065 Phe Leu Phe Val Ser Gly His Phe Lys Gly Asn Tyr Lys Ala Gln 1070 1075 1080 Leu Thr Arg Leu Asn His Ile Thr Asn Cys Asn Gly Ala Val Leu 1085 1090 1095 Ser Val Glu Glu Leu Leu Ile Gly Gly Glu Met Ile Lys Ala Gly 1100 1105 1110 Thr Leu Thr Leu Glu Glu Val Arg Arg Lys Phe Asn Asn Gly Glu 1115 1120 1125 Ile Asn Phe 1130 83396DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic polynucleotide 8atggctccca aaaagaagag aaaggtagaa ccaggatcac ctggtggaca atcacttatg 60gacccaatac gaagcagaac gccatcacca gctagggaac ttctctctgg accacagcct 120gatggagttc agccaactgc agatcgaggt gtttctccgc cagccggtgg ccctttagat 180ggactcccag caagaagaac aatgtcccgt accagactcc caagtccccc tgccccgtcg 240ccagcctttt cagctgactc cttctctgat cttcttaggc aatttgaccc ttctcttttc 300aatacatccc ttttcgattc acttcctcct ttcggcgcac atcatactga ggcagccacc 360ggcgaatggg acgaagtcca aagtggttta agggcagctg atgctccacc accgacgatg 420agagtcgctg ttaccgccgc acgtcctcct agagccaagc cagcccctag aagacgagct 480gcgcaaccct ccgatgcaag ccctgcagct caagtagacc ttcgaacact aggttactcc 540cagcaacaac aagaaaaaat aaagccaaag gttagatcaa cagttgcaca acatcacgaa 600gccctagtcg gacacggatt tacacatgct catatcgtgg ctctttcaca acatcctgca 660gctcttggaa cagtcgctgt caaatatcag gatatgattg ctgcattgcc agaagctact 720cacgaagcta tcgtcggagt tgggaaacaa tggtcaggcg caagagcatt agaggcgctt 780ctcaccgtag ctggtgaatt acgaggtcct ccactccaat tggatactgg gcaattatta 840aaaatcgcta aacgaggtgg agtcactgct gtcgaagccg ttcatgcatg gcgtaacgct 900ctcacggggg ccccactaaa ccttacccca caacaagttg tggcaatagc ttctaatgga 960ggtggtaaac aagcccttga gacggttcaa agacttctac cagttctttg tcaggcacat 1020ggattgaccc cacaacaggt cgtagcaatc gcatctaaca ttggtggtaa gcaagctctt 1080gaaacggtac aaagattact tcccgtgctt tgtcaagctc atggactcac tcctcaacaa 1140gtggtcgcta ttgcaagtaa tattggtgga aagcaagcac tagaaaccgt ccaacgactc 1200cttcctgttc tctgtcaagc acatggtttg actcctcagc aggtcgtcgc aattgcatca 1260aataacggag gcaaacaagc tttagaaaca gtacaaagac tattgcccgt tctttgccaa 1320gcgcatgggt taactcccga acaagtcgtt gccattgcaa gtaacaatgg aggtaaacaa 1380gctctcgaaa cggttcaagc acttttaccc gttctctgtc aagcacatgg actcacacct 1440gaacaagtag ttgctatcgc atcgaataat ggtggaaaac aagcactgga aactgtacaa 1500agacttttgc cagttttatg tcaagcgcac ggtcttactc ctcaacaagt tgtcgccatt 1560gcctctcatg atggtggaaa acaagctctt gaaactgtcc agagacttct gcccgttcta 1620tgtcaggctc atgggctaac ccctcaacag gttgttgcaa tcgcatctaa tggtggagga 1680aaacaagctt tagaaactgt ccaacgacta ctgcccgttc tctgccaagc acacggactt 1740acaccacaac aggttgtagc tatagctagc aatattggcg gtaaacaggc tttggaaaca 1800gtacagcggc ttctaccagt cttatgccaa gcccacgggc ttactcctca acaagttgtc 1860gccattgcct ctaacggagg tggaaaacaa gctcttgaaa ctgtccagag acttctgccc 1920gttctatgtc aggctcatgg gcttactcct gaacaggttg tcgcaatagc ttcaaacatt 1980ggcggaaaac aagctcttga aacagtgcaa cgtctccttc ccgtcctctg tcaggctcac 2040ggacttacgc ccgaacaagt tgttgctata gcttcgaata ttggtggaaa acaagctctc 2100gaaaccgtcc aaaggctcct cccagtactt tgccaagcac atggattaac ccctgagcaa 2160gtagttgcaa ttgcctcgca cgatggagga aagcaagcat tagaaactgt tcagagactt 2220ttgcctgtcc tgtgtcaagc ccacggtctt acaccagagc aggttgtcgc tatagcttct 2280aatatcggtg gaaagcaagc tcttgagact gtgcaacgtt tgcttccagt cctctgtcaa 2340gcacacggac tcactccaca acaggtggtt gcaattgctt caaataatgg tggcaaacaa 2400gcattagaga ctgtacagag actacttcct gttctttgtc aagcacaagg gctcacccct 2460gagcaggtag tcgctatcgc ctcacacgac ggcgggaagc aggccctgga gactgttcag 2520agactactgc ccgtcctatg tcaggctcac ggtctaacac cacaacaagt cgtcgcaatc 2580gctagtaata ttggaggtcg acctgctcta gagtcgatag tcgcacaact atcacgacct 2640gatcccgctc ttgcagcatt gacaaacgat catttagtcg cacttgcatg tttaggagga 2700cgaccagcac ttgatgccgt taagaaagga ctaccgcacg cccctgcatt gattaaaaga 2760acaaacagac gaatcccgga gagaacttca catcgtgtag ccaagcaact

tgtcaaaagt 2820gaactggagg agaagaaatc tgaacttcgt cataaattga aatatgtgcc tcatgaatat 2880attgaattaa ttgaaattgc cagaaattcc actcaggata gaattcttga aatgaaggta 2940atggaatttt ttatgaaagt ttatggatat agaggtaaac atttgggtgg atcaaggaaa 3000ccggacggag caatttatac tgtcggatct cctattgatt acggtgtgat cgtggatact 3060aaagcttata gcggaggtta taatctgcca attggccaag cagatgaaat gcaacgatat 3120gtcgaagaaa atcaaacacg aaacaaacat atcaacccta atgaatggtg gaaagtctat 3180ccatcttctg taacggaatt taagttttta tttgtgagtg gtcactttaa aggaaactac 3240aaagctcagc ttacacgatt aaatcatatc actaattgta atggagctgt tcttagtgta 3300gaagagcttt taattggtgg agaaatgatt aaagccggca cattaacctt agaggaagtg 3360agacggaaat ttaataacgg cgagataaac ttttga 339691131PRTArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic polypeptide 9Met Ala Pro Lys Lys Lys Arg Lys Val Glu Pro Gly Ser Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Gln Ser Leu Met Asp Pro Ile Arg Ser Arg Thr Pro Ser Pro Ala Arg 20 25 30 Glu Leu Leu Ser Gly Pro Gln Pro Asp Gly Val Gln Pro Thr Ala Asp 35 40 45 Arg Gly Val Ser Pro Pro Ala Gly Gly Pro Leu Asp Gly Leu Pro Ala 50 55 60 Arg Arg Thr Met Ser Arg Thr Arg Leu Pro Ser Pro Pro Ala Pro Ser 65 70 75 80 Pro Ala Phe Ser Ala Asp Ser Phe Ser Asp Leu Leu Arg Gln Phe Asp 85 90 95 Pro Ser Leu Phe Asn Thr Ser Leu Phe Asp Ser Leu Pro Pro Phe Gly 100 105 110 Ala His His Thr Glu Ala Ala Thr Gly Glu Trp Asp Glu Val Gln Ser 115 120 125 Gly Leu Arg Ala Ala Asp Ala Pro Pro Pro Thr Met Arg Val Ala Val 130 135 140 Thr Ala Ala Arg Pro Pro Arg Ala Lys Pro Ala Pro Arg Arg Arg Ala 145 150 155 160 Ala Gln Pro Ser Asp Ala Ser Pro Ala Ala Gln Val Asp Leu Arg Thr 165 170 175 Leu Gly Tyr Ser Gln Gln Gln Gln Glu Lys Ile Lys Pro Lys Val Arg 180 185 190 Ser Thr Val Ala Gln His His Glu Ala Leu Val Gly His Gly Phe Thr 195 200 205 His Ala His Ile Val Ala Leu Ser Gln His Pro Ala Ala Leu Gly Thr 210 215 220 Val Ala Val Lys Tyr Gln Asp Met Ile Ala Ala Leu Pro Glu Ala Thr 225 230 235 240 His Glu Ala Ile Val Gly Val Gly Lys Gln Trp Ser Gly Ala Arg Ala 245 250 255 Leu Glu Ala Leu Leu Thr Val Ala Gly Glu Leu Arg Gly Pro Pro Leu 260 265 270 Gln Leu Asp Thr Gly Gln Leu Leu Lys Ile Ala Lys Arg Gly Gly Val 275 280 285 Thr Ala Val Glu Ala Val His Ala Trp Arg Asn Ala Leu Thr Gly Ala 290 295 300 Pro Leu Asn Leu Thr Pro Gln Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser Asn Gly 305 310 315 320 Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu 325 330 335 Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro Gln Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser 340 345 350 Asn Ile Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro 355 360 365 Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro Gln Gln Val Val Ala Ile 370 375 380 Ala Ser Asn Ile Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu 385 390 395 400 Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro Gln Gln Val Val 405 410 415 Ala Ile Ala Ser Asn Asn Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln 420 425 430 Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln 435 440 445 Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser Asn Asn Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr 450 455 460 Val Gln Ala Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro 465 470 475 480 Glu Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser Asn Asn Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu 485 490 495 Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu 500 505 510 Thr Pro Gln Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser His Asp Gly Gly Lys Gln 515 520 525 Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His 530 535 540 Gly Leu Thr Pro Gln Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser Asn Gly Gly Gly 545 550 555 560 Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln 565 570 575 Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro Gln Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser Asn Ile 580 585 590 Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu 595 600 605 Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro Gln Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser 610 615 620 Asn Gly Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro 625 630 635 640 Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Val Val Ala Ile 645 650 655 Ala Ser Asn Ile Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu 660 665 670 Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Val Val 675 680 685 Ala Ile Ala Ser Asn Ile Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln 690 695 700 Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln 705 710 715 720 Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser His Asp Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr 725 730 735 Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro 740 745 750 Glu Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser Asn Ile Gly Gly Lys Gln Ala Leu 755 760 765 Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln Ala His Gly Leu 770 775 780 Thr Pro Gln Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser Asn Asn Gly Gly Lys Gln 785 790 795 800 Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln Ala Gln 805 810 815 Gly Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser His Asp Gly Gly 820 825 830 Lys Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln 835 840 845 Ala His Gly Leu Thr Pro Gln Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser Asn Ile 850 855 860 Gly Gly Arg Pro Ala Leu Glu Ser Ile Val Ala Gln Leu Ser Arg Pro 865 870 875 880 Asp Pro Ala Leu Ala Ala Leu Thr Asn Asp His Leu Val Ala Leu Ala 885 890 895 Cys Leu Gly Gly Arg Pro Ala Leu Asp Ala Val Lys Lys Gly Leu Pro 900 905 910 His Ala Pro Ala Leu Ile Lys Arg Thr Asn Arg Arg Ile Pro Glu Arg 915 920 925 Thr Ser His Arg Val Ala Lys Gln Leu Val Lys Ser Glu Leu Glu Glu 930 935 940 Lys Lys Ser Glu Leu Arg His Lys Leu Lys Tyr Val Pro His Glu Tyr 945 950 955 960 Ile Glu Leu Ile Glu Ile Ala Arg Asn Ser Thr Gln Asp Arg Ile Leu 965 970 975 Glu Met Lys Val Met Glu Phe Phe Met Lys Val Tyr Gly Tyr Arg Gly 980 985 990 Lys His Leu Gly Gly Ser Arg Lys Pro Asp Gly Ala Ile Tyr Thr Val 995 1000 1005 Gly Ser Pro Ile Asp Tyr Gly Val Ile Val Asp Thr Lys Ala Tyr 1010 1015 1020 Ser Gly Gly Tyr Asn Leu Pro Ile Gly Gln Ala Asp Glu Met Gln 1025 1030 1035 Arg Tyr Val Glu Glu Asn Gln Thr Arg Asn Lys His Ile Asn Pro 1040 1045 1050 Asn Glu Trp Trp Lys Val Tyr Pro Ser Ser Val Thr Glu Phe Lys 1055 1060 1065 Phe Leu Phe Val Ser Gly His Phe Lys Gly Asn Tyr Lys Ala Gln 1070 1075 1080 Leu Thr Arg Leu Asn His Ile Thr Asn Cys Asn Gly Ala Val Leu 1085 1090 1095 Ser Val Glu Glu Leu Leu Ile Gly Gly Glu Met Ile Lys Ala Gly 1100 1105 1110 Thr Leu Thr Leu Glu Glu Val Arg Arg Lys Phe Asn Asn Gly Glu 1115 1120 1125 Ile Asn Phe 1130 101980DNASolanum tuberosum 10atggcggctg ctgcctcacc atctccatgt ttctccaaaa ccctacctcc atcttcctcc 60aaatcttcca ccattcttcc tagatctacc ttccctttcc acaatcaccc tcaaaaagcc 120tcaccccttc atctcaccca cacccatcat catcgtcgtg gtttcgccgt ttccaatgtc 180gtcatatcca ctaccaccca taacgacgtt tctgaacctg aaacattcgt ttcccgtttc 240gcccctgacg aacccagaaa gggttgtgat gttcttgtgg aggcacttga aagggagggg 300gttacggatg tatttgcgta cccaggaggt gcttctatgg agattcatca ggctttgaca 360cgttcgaata ttattcgtaa tgtgctgcca cgtcatgagc aaggtggtgt gtttgctgca 420gagggttacg cacgggcgac tgggttccct ggtgtttgca ttgctacctc tggtccggga 480gctacgaatc ttgttagtgg tcttgcggat gctttgttgg atagtattcc gattgttgct 540attacgggtc aagtgccgag gaggatgatt ggtactgatg cgtttcagga aacgcctatt 600gttgaggtaa cgagatctat tacgaagcat aattatcttg ttatggatgt agaggatatt 660cctagggttg ttcgtgaagc gttttttcta gcgaaatcgg gacggcctgg gccggttttg 720attgatgtac ctaaggatat tcagcaacaa ttggtgatac ctaattggga tcagccaatg 780aggttgcctg gttacatgtc taggttacct aaattgccta atgagatgct tttggaacaa 840attattaggc tgatttcgga gtcgaagaag cctgttttgt atgtgggtgg tgggtgtttg 900caatcaagtg aggagctgag acgatttgtg gagcttacgg gtattcctgt ggcgagtact 960ttgatgggtc ttggagcttt tccaactggg gatgagcttt cccttcaaat gttgggtatg 1020catgggactg tgtatgctaa ttatgctgtg gatggtagtg atttgttgct tgcatttggg 1080gtgaggtttg atgatcgagt tactggtaaa ttggaagctt ttgctagccg agcgaaaatt 1140gtccacattg atattgattc ggctgagatt ggaaagaaca agcaacctca tgtttccatt 1200tgtgcagata tcaagttggc attacagggt ttgaattcca tattggaggg taaagaaggt 1260aagctgaagt tggacttttc tgcttggaga caggagttaa cggaacagaa ggtgaagtac 1320ccattgagtt ttaagacttt tggtgaagcc atccctccac aatatgctat tcaggttctt 1380gatgagttaa ctaacggaaa tgccattatt agtactggtg tggggcaaca ccagatgtgg 1440gctgcccaat actataagta caaaaagcca caccaatggt tgacatctgg tggattagga 1500gcaatgggat ttggtttgcc tgctgcaata ggtgcggctg ttggaagacc gggtgagatt 1560gtggttgaca ttgatggtga cgggagtttt atcatgaatg tgcaggagtt agcaacaatt 1620aaggtggaga atctcccagt taagattatg ttgctgaata atcaacactt gggaatggtg 1680gttcaatggg aggatcgatt ctataaggct aacagagcac acacttactt gggtgatcct 1740gctaatgagg aagagatctt ccctaatatg ttgaaattcg cagaggcttg tggcgtacct 1800gctgcaagag tgtcacacag ggatgatctt agagctgcca ttcaaaagat gttagacact 1860cctgggccat acttgttgga tgtgattgta cctcatcagg agcacgttct acctatgatt 1920cccagtggcg gtgctttcaa agatgtgatc acagagggtg atgggagacg ttcatattga 198011659PRTSolanum tuberosum 11Met Ala Ala Ala Ala Ser Pro Ser Pro Cys Phe Ser Lys Thr Leu Pro 1 5 10 15 Pro Ser Ser Ser Lys Ser Ser Thr Ile Leu Pro Arg Ser Thr Phe Pro 20 25 30 Phe His Asn His Pro Gln Lys Ala Ser Pro Leu His Leu Thr His Thr 35 40 45 His His His Arg Arg Gly Phe Ala Val Ser Asn Val Val Ile Ser Thr 50 55 60 Thr Thr His Asn Asp Val Ser Glu Pro Glu Thr Phe Val Ser Arg Phe 65 70 75 80 Ala Pro Asp Glu Pro Arg Lys Gly Cys Asp Val Leu Val Glu Ala Leu 85 90 95 Glu Arg Glu Gly Val Thr Asp Val Phe Ala Tyr Pro Gly Gly Ala Ser 100 105 110 Met Glu Ile His Gln Ala Leu Thr Arg Ser Asn Ile Ile Arg Asn Val 115 120 125 Leu Pro Arg His Glu Gln Gly Gly Val Phe Ala Ala Glu Gly Tyr Ala 130 135 140 Arg Ala Thr Gly Phe Pro Gly Val Cys Ile Ala Thr Ser Gly Pro Gly 145 150 155 160 Ala Thr Asn Leu Val Ser Gly Leu Ala Asp Ala Leu Leu Asp Ser Ile 165 170 175 Pro Ile Val Ala Ile Thr Gly Gln Val Pro Arg Arg Met Ile Gly Thr 180 185 190 Asp Ala Phe Gln Glu Thr Pro Ile Val Glu Val Thr Arg Ser Ile Thr 195 200 205 Lys His Asn Tyr Leu Val Met Asp Val Glu Asp Ile Pro Arg Val Val 210 215 220 Arg Glu Ala Phe Phe Leu Ala Lys Ser Gly Arg Pro Gly Pro Val Leu 225 230 235 240 Ile Asp Val Pro Lys Asp Ile Gln Gln Gln Leu Val Ile Pro Asn Trp 245 250 255 Asp Gln Pro Met Arg Leu Pro Gly Tyr Met Ser Arg Leu Pro Lys Leu 260 265 270 Pro Asn Glu Met Leu Leu Glu Gln Ile Ile Arg Leu Ile Ser Glu Ser 275 280 285 Lys Lys Pro Val Leu Tyr Val Gly Gly Gly Cys Leu Gln Ser Ser Glu 290 295 300 Glu Leu Arg Arg Phe Val Glu Leu Thr Gly Ile Pro Val Ala Ser Thr 305 310 315 320 Leu Met Gly Leu Gly Ala Phe Pro Thr Gly Asp Glu Leu Ser Leu Gln 325 330 335 Met Leu Gly Met His Gly Thr Val Tyr Ala Asn Tyr Ala Val Asp Gly 340 345 350 Ser Asp Leu Leu Leu Ala Phe Gly Val Arg Phe Asp Asp Arg Val Thr 355 360 365 Gly Lys Leu Glu Ala Phe Ala Ser Arg Ala Lys Ile Val His Ile Asp 370 375 380 Ile Asp Ser Ala Glu Ile Gly Lys Asn Lys Gln Pro His Val Ser Ile 385 390 395 400 Cys Ala Asp Ile Lys Leu Ala Leu Gln Gly Leu Asn Ser Ile Leu Glu 405 410 415 Gly Lys Glu Gly Lys Leu Lys Leu Asp Phe Ser Ala Trp Arg Gln Glu 420 425 430 Leu Thr Glu Gln Lys Val Lys Tyr Pro Leu Ser Phe Lys Thr Phe Gly 435 440 445 Glu Ala Ile Pro Pro Gln Tyr Ala Ile Gln Val Leu Asp Glu Leu Thr 450 455 460 Asn Gly Asn Ala Ile Ile Ser Thr Gly Val Gly Gln His Gln Met Trp 465 470 475 480 Ala Ala Gln Tyr Tyr Lys Tyr Lys Lys Pro His Gln Trp Leu Thr Ser 485 490 495 Gly Gly Leu Gly Ala Met Gly Phe Gly Leu Pro Ala Ala Ile Gly Ala 500 505 510 Ala Val Gly Arg Pro Gly Glu Ile Val Val Asp Ile Asp Gly Asp Gly 515 520 525 Ser Phe Ile Met Asn Val Gln Glu Leu Ala Thr Ile Lys Val Glu Asn 530 535 540 Leu Pro Val Lys Ile Met Leu Leu Asn Asn Gln His Leu Gly Met Val 545 550 555 560 Val Gln Trp Glu Asp Arg Phe Tyr Lys Ala Asn Arg Ala His Thr Tyr 565 570 575 Leu Gly Asp Pro Ala Asn Glu Glu Glu Ile Phe Pro Asn Met Leu Lys 580 585 590 Phe Ala Glu Ala Cys Gly Val Pro Ala Ala Arg Val Ser His Arg Asp 595 600 605 Asp Leu Arg Ala Ala Ile Gln Lys Met Leu Asp Thr Pro Gly Pro Tyr 610 615 620 Leu Leu Asp Val Ile Val Pro His Gln Glu His Val Leu Pro Met Ile 625 630 635 640 Pro Ser Gly Gly Ala Phe Lys Asp Val Ile Thr Glu Gly Asp Gly Arg 645 650 655 Arg Ser Tyr 121980DNASolanum tuberosum 12atggcggctg ctgcctcacc atctccatgt ttctccaaaa ccctacctcc atcttcctcc 60aaatcttcca ccattcttcc tagatctacc ttccctttcc acaatcaccc tcaaaaagcc 120tcaccccttc atctcaccca cacccatcat catcgtcgtg gtttcgccgt ttccaatgtc 180gtcatatcca ctaccaccca taacgacgtt tctgaacctg aaacattcgt ttcccgtttc 240gcccctgacg aacccagaaa gggttgtgat gttcttgtgg aggcacttga aagggagggg 300gttacggatg tatttgcgta cccaggaggt gcttctatgg agattcatca ggctttgaca 360cgttcgaata ttattcgtaa tgtgctgcca cgtcatgagc aaggtggtgt gtttgctgca 420gagggttacg cacgggcgac tgggttccct ggtgtttgca ttgctacctc tggtccggga 480gctacgaatc ttgttagtgg tcttgcggat gctttgttgg atagtattcc gattgttgct 540attacgggtc aagtgccgag gaggatgatt ggtactgatg

cgtttcagga aacgcctatt 600gttgaggtaa cgagatctat tacgaagcat aattatcttg ttatggatgt agaggatatt 660cctagggttg ttcgtgaagc gttttttcta gcgaaatcgg gacggcctgg gccggttttg 720attgatgtac ctaaggatat tcagcaacaa ttggtgatac ctaattggga tcagccaatg 780aggttgcctg gttacatgtc tagattacct aaattgccta atgagatgct tttggaacaa 840attattaggc tgatttcgga gtcgaagaag cctgttttgt atgtgggtgg tgggtgtttg 900caatcaagtg aggagctgag acgatttgtg gagcttacgg gtattcctgt ggcgagtact 960ttgatgggtc ttggagcttt tccaactggg gatgagcttt cccttcaaat gttgggtatg 1020catgggactg tgtatgctaa ttatgctgtg gatggtagtg atttgttgct tgcatttggg 1080gtgaggtttg atgatcgagt tactggtaaa ttggaagctt ttgctagccg agcgaaaatt 1140gtccacattg atattgattc ggctgagatt ggaaagaaca agcaacctca tgtttccatt 1200tgtgcagata tcaagttggc attacagggt ttgaattcca tattggaggg taaagaaggt 1260aagctgaagt tggacttttc tgcttggaga caggagttaa cggaacagaa ggtgaagtac 1320ccattgagtt ttaagacttt tggtgaagcc atccctccac aatatgctat tcaggttctt 1380gatgagttaa ctaacggaaa tgccattatt agtactggtg tggggcaaca ccagatgtgg 1440gctgcccaat actataagta caaaaagcca caccaatggt tgacatctgg tggattagga 1500gcaatgggat ttggtttgcc tgctgcaata ggtgcggctg ttggaagacc gggtgagatt 1560gtggttgaca ttgatggtga cgggagtttt atcatgaatg tgcaggagtt agcaacaatt 1620aaggtggaga atctcccagt taagattatg ttgctgaata atcaacactt gggaatggtg 1680gttcaactgg aggatcgatt ctataaggct aacagagcac acacttactt gggtgatcct 1740gctaatgagg aagagatctt ccctaatatg ttgaaattcg cagaggcttg tggcgtacct 1800gctgcaagag tgtcacacag ggatgatctt agagctgcca ttcaaaagat gttagacact 1860cctgggccat acttgttgga tgtgattgta cctcatcagg agcacgttct acctatgatt 1920cccattggcg gtgctttcaa agatgtgatc acagagggtg atgggagacg ttcatattga 198013659PRTSolanum tuberosum 13Met Ala Ala Ala Ala Ser Pro Ser Pro Cys Phe Ser Lys Thr Leu Pro 1 5 10 15 Pro Ser Ser Ser Lys Ser Ser Thr Ile Leu Pro Arg Ser Thr Phe Pro 20 25 30 Phe His Asn His Pro Gln Lys Ala Ser Pro Leu His Leu Thr His Thr 35 40 45 His His His Arg Arg Gly Phe Ala Val Ser Asn Val Val Ile Ser Thr 50 55 60 Thr Thr His Asn Asp Val Ser Glu Pro Glu Thr Phe Val Ser Arg Phe 65 70 75 80 Ala Pro Asp Glu Pro Arg Lys Gly Cys Asp Val Leu Val Glu Ala Leu 85 90 95 Glu Arg Glu Gly Val Thr Asp Val Phe Ala Tyr Pro Gly Gly Ala Ser 100 105 110 Met Glu Ile His Gln Ala Leu Thr Arg Ser Asn Ile Ile Arg Asn Val 115 120 125 Leu Pro Arg His Glu Gln Gly Gly Val Phe Ala Ala Glu Gly Tyr Ala 130 135 140 Arg Ala Thr Gly Phe Pro Gly Val Cys Ile Ala Thr Ser Gly Pro Gly 145 150 155 160 Ala Thr Asn Leu Val Ser Gly Leu Ala Asp Ala Leu Leu Asp Ser Ile 165 170 175 Pro Ile Val Ala Ile Thr Gly Gln Val Pro Arg Arg Met Ile Gly Thr 180 185 190 Asp Ala Phe Gln Glu Thr Pro Ile Val Glu Val Thr Arg Ser Ile Thr 195 200 205 Lys His Asn Tyr Leu Val Met Asp Val Glu Asp Ile Pro Arg Val Val 210 215 220 Arg Glu Ala Phe Phe Leu Ala Lys Ser Gly Arg Pro Gly Pro Val Leu 225 230 235 240 Ile Asp Val Pro Lys Asp Ile Gln Gln Gln Leu Val Ile Pro Asn Trp 245 250 255 Asp Gln Pro Met Arg Leu Pro Gly Tyr Met Ser Arg Leu Pro Lys Leu 260 265 270 Pro Asn Glu Met Leu Leu Glu Gln Ile Ile Arg Leu Ile Ser Glu Ser 275 280 285 Lys Lys Pro Val Leu Tyr Val Gly Gly Gly Cys Leu Gln Ser Ser Glu 290 295 300 Glu Leu Arg Arg Phe Val Glu Leu Thr Gly Ile Pro Val Ala Ser Thr 305 310 315 320 Leu Met Gly Leu Gly Ala Phe Pro Thr Gly Asp Glu Leu Ser Leu Gln 325 330 335 Met Leu Gly Met His Gly Thr Val Tyr Ala Asn Tyr Ala Val Asp Gly 340 345 350 Ser Asp Leu Leu Leu Ala Phe Gly Val Arg Phe Asp Asp Arg Val Thr 355 360 365 Gly Lys Leu Glu Ala Phe Ala Ser Arg Ala Lys Ile Val His Ile Asp 370 375 380 Ile Asp Ser Ala Glu Ile Gly Lys Asn Lys Gln Pro His Val Ser Ile 385 390 395 400 Cys Ala Asp Ile Lys Leu Ala Leu Gln Gly Leu Asn Ser Ile Leu Glu 405 410 415 Gly Lys Glu Gly Lys Leu Lys Leu Asp Phe Ser Ala Trp Arg Gln Glu 420 425 430 Leu Thr Glu Gln Lys Val Lys Tyr Pro Leu Ser Phe Lys Thr Phe Gly 435 440 445 Glu Ala Ile Pro Pro Gln Tyr Ala Ile Gln Val Leu Asp Glu Leu Thr 450 455 460 Asn Gly Asn Ala Ile Ile Ser Thr Gly Val Gly Gln His Gln Met Trp 465 470 475 480 Ala Ala Gln Tyr Tyr Lys Tyr Lys Lys Pro His Gln Trp Leu Thr Ser 485 490 495 Gly Gly Leu Gly Ala Met Gly Phe Gly Leu Pro Ala Ala Ile Gly Ala 500 505 510 Ala Val Gly Arg Pro Gly Glu Ile Val Val Asp Ile Asp Gly Asp Gly 515 520 525 Ser Phe Ile Met Asn Val Gln Glu Leu Ala Thr Ile Lys Val Glu Asn 530 535 540 Leu Pro Val Lys Ile Met Leu Leu Asn Asn Gln His Leu Gly Met Val 545 550 555 560 Val Gln Leu Glu Asp Arg Phe Tyr Lys Ala Asn Arg Ala His Thr Tyr 565 570 575 Leu Gly Asp Pro Ala Asn Glu Glu Glu Ile Phe Pro Asn Met Leu Lys 580 585 590 Phe Ala Glu Ala Cys Gly Val Pro Ala Ala Arg Val Ser His Arg Asp 595 600 605 Asp Leu Arg Ala Ala Ile Gln Lys Met Leu Asp Thr Pro Gly Pro Tyr 610 615 620 Leu Leu Asp Val Ile Val Pro His Gln Glu His Val Leu Pro Met Ile 625 630 635 640 Pro Ile Gly Gly Ala Phe Lys Asp Val Ile Thr Glu Gly Asp Gly Arg 645 650 655 Arg Ser Tyr 1413057DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic polynucleotide 14tggcaggata tataccggtg taaacgaagt gtgtgtggtt gatccaaaat ctatcgtacc 60tttagaaagt gtagctatga aggatagtct cacttatgaa gaactaccta ttgagattct 120tgatcgtcag gtccgaaggt tgagaaaaat agaagtcgct tcagttacgg ctttgtggag 180gagtaagggt accagttata caccctacat tctactcgag tcattatgat gatgtctcac 240gaccaaatca aatcaaagtt aaataaatat cgaaccgaac gcccactctg tatgagtatg 300gcaaaagatt ttgagagaat caagttgcat aaaagcctaa ttttcatgga acatacaaat 360tgagtctcat aatagcccaa actcacagcc atgaacccaa attgggtaaa gttttgcaag 420acgttcatca aacagttagg aaacataaaa tggcgctaga tatataataa atttttttaa 480catatggtgt gattgatagt tatatactaa agatgtttgc ttagttacgt aattttttca 540aaaaaaaaag gtacattatc aatcatcagt cacaaaatat taaaagttac tgtttgtttt 600ttaaattcca tgtcgaattt aattgaatga cacttaaatt gggacgaacg gtgtaatttc 660ttttgactat tctactagta tctatccaca gcacgtgttg ttcctttctt ctttcgtttt 720tcatttactt gacattatta ggagacttgg ccctgaactc caactattct aagctgacct 780ttcttttcct ttaccaatta tcttcttctt tctaatttcg ttttacgcgt agtactgcct 840gaattttctg actttcaacg tttgttattc atgcttgaaa acgaaatacc agctaacaaa 900agatgaatta ttgtgtttac aagacttggg ccgttgactc ttactttccc ttcctcatcc 960tcacatttag aaaaaagaaa tttaacgaaa aattaaagga gatggctgaa attcttctca 1020cagcagtcat caataaatca atagaaatag ctggaaatgt actctttcaa gaaggtacgc 1080gtttatattg gttgaaagag gacatcgatt ggctccagag agaaatgaga cacattcgat 1140catatgtaga caatgcaaag gcaaaggaag ttggaggcga ttcaagggtg aaaaacttat 1200taaaagatat tcaacaactg gcaggtgatg tggaggatct attagatgag tttcttccaa 1260aaattcaaca atccaataag ttcatttgtt gccttaagac ggtttctttt gccgatgagt 1320ttgctatgga gattgagaag ataaaaagaa gagttgctga tattgaccgt gtaaggacaa 1380cttacagcat cacagataca agtaacaata atgatgattg cattccattg gaccggagaa 1440gattgttcct tcatgctgat gaaacagagg tcatcggtct ggaagatgac ttcaatacac 1500tacaagccaa attacttgat catgatttgc cttatggagt tgtttcaata gttggcatgc 1560ccggtttggg aaaaacaact cttgccaaga aactttatag gcatgtctgt catcaatttg 1620agtgttcggg actggtctat gtttcacaac agccaagggc gggagaaatc ttacatgaca 1680tagccaaaca agttggactg acggaagagg aaaggaaaga aaacttggag aacaacctac 1740gatcactctt gaaaataaaa aggtatgtta ttctcttaga tgacatttgg gatgttgaaa 1800tttgggatga tctaaaactt gtccttcctg aatgtgattc aaaaattggc agtaggataa 1860ttataacctc tcgaaatagt aatgtaggca gatacatagg aggggatttc tcaatccacg 1920tgttgcaacc cctagattca gagaaaagct ttgaactctt taccaagaaa atctttaatt 1980ttgttaatga taattgggcc aatgcttcac cagacttggt aaatattggt agatgtatag 2040ttgagagatg tggaggtata ccgctagcaa ttgtggtgac tgcaggcatg ttaagggcaa 2100gaggaagaac agaacatgca tggaacagag tacttgagag tatggctcat aaaattcaag 2160atggatgtgg taaggtattg gctctgagtt acaatgattt gcccattgca ttaaggccat 2220gtttcttgta ctttggtctt taccccgagg accatgaaat tcgtgctttt gatttgacaa 2280atatgtggat tgctgagaag ctgatagttg taaatactgg caatgggcga gaggctgaaa 2340gtttggcgga tgatgtccta aatgatttgg tttcaagaaa cttgattcaa gttgccaaaa 2400ggacatatga tggaagaatt tcaagttgtc gcatacatga cttgttacat agtttgtgtg 2460tggacttggc taaggaaagt aacttctttc acacggagca caatgcattt ggtgatccta 2520gcaatgttgc tagggtgcga aggattacat tctactctga tgataatgcc atgaatgagt 2580tcttccattt aaatcctaag cctatgaagc ttcgttcact tttctgtttc acaaaagacc 2640gttgcatatt ttctcaaatg gctcatctta acttcaaatt attgcaagtg ttggttgtag 2700tcatgtctca aaagggttat cagcatgtta ctttccccaa aaaaattggg aacatgagtt 2760gcctacgtta tgtgcgattg gagggggcaa ttagagtaaa attgccaaat agtattgtca 2820agctcaaatg tctagagacc ctggatatat ttcatagctc tagtaaactt ccttttggtg 2880tttgggagtc taaaatattg agacatcttt gttacacaga agaatgttac tgtgtctctt 2940ttgcaagtcc attttgccga atcatgcctc ctaataatct acaaactttg atgtgggtgg 3000atgataaatt ttgtgaacca agattgttgc accgattgat aaatttaaga acattgtgta 3060taatggatgt atccggttct accattaaga tattatcagc attgagccct gtgcctagag 3120cgttggaggt tctgaagctc agatttttca agaacacgag tgagcaaata aacttgtcgt 3180cccatccaaa tattgtcgag ttgggtttgg ttggtttctc agcaatgctc ttgaacattg 3240aagcattccc tccaaatctt gtcaagctta atcttgtcgg cttgatggta gacggtcatc 3300tattggcagt gcttaagaaa ttgcccaaat taaggatact tatattgctt tggtgcagac 3360atgatgcaga aaaaatggat ctctctggtg atagctttcc gcaacttgaa gttttgtata 3420ttgaggatgc acaagggttg tctgaagtaa cgtgcatgga tgatatgagt atgcctaaat 3480tgaaaaagct atttcttgta caaggcccaa acatttcccc aattagtctc agggtctcgg 3540aacggcttgc aaagttgaga atatcacagg tactataaat aattatttac gtttaatatc 3600catgattttt ttaaatttgt atttagttca tcaactaaat attccatgtc taataaattg 3660cagggatgcc tttgaaaatg attctgtgtt ggagagaatc ttctgatgcc tgttggtatt 3720ataatactaa taataagaga aaaagtttga ttactgtttc aagttaattg cttgtgattt 3780gtaaaaacaa attactttta tatttctctt tgttttattt tatgtttatt tatctttaat 3840taatggagta ataaaataaa aatcttattt tcaatagaaa aaagtagacc ttatttgtgg 3900tgcatgtatg gtatcttttt gaaatttttg atatatttgc tctttgattc gaatttcttg 3960cttatatgat gatttgcata aatataaaat attatacaaa tacctatggg ttggaaaata 4020tagaaatatg ccaatcaaat gtatacaaaa atcattaata gatagaatcg taaaagatat 4080acaaatgaga aatgcttgac taagaagctt cgtgcaacct ctcacactga gcacaatgca 4140tttggtgatc tcggcactat tgctgttact tgtaagacta cgttccccaa taagtctttc 4200caaacggctt gcaaagctga gaatatgaaa atctcatagg ttagtttgct gcgttaatta 4260tttacattta atatgctcga taaggtgatt ttaaaaaaat ttgtactagt taattcatga 4320actaaatatt tcatttaata ctccataatt ctgaatatgg aaaataaata atatttaata 4380acaagaataa aatgataaat tattcattga ttttataaat tggataaata ttattaaata 4440ttcttaaata atataatgaa caagtgaaga tgaacggagg gagtatgaag cctcttttca 4500aaggggcccc aagtgtctga gacaaccaaa actgaaagtg ggaaaccaaa ctctaagtca 4560aagactttat atacaaaatg gtataaatat aattatttaa tttactatcg ggttatcgat 4620taacccgtta agaaaaaact tcaaaccgtt aagaaccgat aacccgataa caaaaaaaat 4680ctaaatcgtt atcaaaaccg ctaaactaat aacccaatat tgataaacca ataacttttt 4740ttattcgggt tatcggtttc agttctgttt ggaacaatcc tagtgtccta attattgttt 4800tgagaaccaa gaaaacaaaa acttacgtcg caaatatttc agtaaatact tgtatatctc 4860agtgataatt gatttccaac atgtataatt atcatttacg taataataga tggtttccga 4920aacttacgct tccctttttt cttttgcagt cgtatggaat aaaagttgga tatggaggca 4980ttcccgggcc ttcaggtgga agagacggag ctgcttcaca aggagggggt tgttgtactt 5040gaaaatgggc atttattgtt cgcaaaccta tcatgttcct atggttgttt atttgtagtt 5100tggtgttctt aatatcgagt gttctttagt ttgttccttt taatgaaagg ataatatctg 5160tgcaaaaata agtaaattcg gtacataaag acattttttt ttgcattttc tgtttatgga 5220gttgtcaaat gtgaatttat ttcatagcat gtgagtttcc tctccttttt catgtgccct 5280tgggccttgc atgtttcttg caccgcagtg tgccagggct gtcggcagat ggacataaat 5340ggcacaccgc tcggctcgtg gaaagagtat ggtcagtttc attgataagt atttactcgt 5400attcggtgtt tacatcaagt taatatgttc aaacacatgt gatatcatac atccattagt 5460taagtataaa tgccaacttt ttacttgaat cgccgaataa atttacttac gtccaatatt 5520tagttttgtg tgtcaaacat atcatgcact atttgattaa gaataaataa acgatgtgta 5580atttgaaaac caattagaaa agaagtatga cgggattgat gttctgtgaa atcactggta 5640aattggacgg acgatgaaat ttgatcgtcc atttaagcat agcaacatgg gtctttagtc 5700atcatcatta tgttataatt attttcttga aacttgatac accaactttc attgggaaag 5760tgacagcata gtataaacta taatatcaat tctggcaatt tcgaattatt ccaaatctct 5820tttgtcattt catttcctcc cctatgtctg caagtaccaa ttatttaagt acaaaaaatc 5880ttgattaaac aatttatttt ctcactaata atcacattta atcatcaacg gttcatacac 5940gtctgtcact ctttttttat tctctcaagc gcatgtgatc ataccaatta tttaaataca 6000aaaaatcttg attaaacaat tcagtttctc actaataatc acatttaatc atcaacggtt 6060catacacatc cgtcactctt tttttattct ctcaagcgca tgtgatcata ccaattattt 6120aaatacaaaa aatcttgatt aaacaattca ttttctcact aataatcaca tttaatcatc 6180aacggtttat acacgtccgc cactcttttt ttattctctc aagcgtatgt gatcatatct 6240aactctcgtg caaacaagtg aaatgacgtt cactaataaa taatcttttg aatactttgt 6300tcagtttaat ttatttaatt tgataagaat ttttttatta ttgaattttt attgttttaa 6360attaaaaata agttaaatat atcaaaatat cttttaattt tatttttgaa aaataacgta 6420gttcaaacaa attaaaattg agtaactgtt tttcgaaaaa taatgattct aatagtatat 6480tctttttcat cattagatat tttttttaag ctaagtacaa aagtcatatt tcaatcccca 6540aaatagcctc aatcacaaga aatgcttaaa tccccaaaat accctcaatc acaagacgtg 6600tgtaccaatc atacctatgg tcctctcgta aattccgaca aaatcaggtc tataaagtta 6660cccttgatat cagtattata aaactaaaaa tctcagctgt aattcaagtg caatcacact 6720ctaccacaca ctctctagta gagagatcag ttgataacaa gcttgttaac ggatccataa 6780ttgtaactga tttattcttg aataacaact tcaatgaaat caagcaacaa agctgatttc 6840aacataaaaa aacagaacaa gaaaacaaaa acagagcatc atccatcaaa gtgtaatctc 6900agcagattca atagagacta caagattttg cacttgtaca taatcatcag tgtcaccggt 6960ataaagcatc atgatctgac catcgggtag gatggtagcg gacccagtcc agacaccgtt 7020aatatcgtac cattgatcag gaaccatggc aaaaggcaag tagagccagt ggatcaagtc 7080cttggatacg gcatggcccc atgtgatatt tccccaaata gctgaatctg gattgtattg 7140ataaaaaaga tgataccatc ccttgtggta caatggacca ttaggatcgt tcatccaatt 7200tttttgaggt tgaaaatggt aagcagttct ttgccagcta agcatagcat tggaccacgc 7260ataagaaacg tgactagcat tgacgacatc tcgaaaagtc ttatcggaga ctccctgaga 7320aacacctctt gacggcggcg ccggcgaacg ggagttactc tgcaagtccg gtgactggtt 7380gttgaggatc ggaaagaagg ctacagaaag caaaaggaaa gaggagagga aaatgccgga 7440gatgatttta agggacttcc ggtggccgga atcgggttga tccgggagga atgtgtaatg 7500ggaggcggag ttttccgggt cataactgga atggtactgc gtggccatac tcgtgcctaa 7560aatggcgaat aagtagagta taacactaca tattctccct ctcttccctt tcttgatggg 7620acatcggtga aataaccttc aaatgaaaaa aagaatgaag aagatatggc ttgatgaaga 7680actctttatc cagaaatggt actctagctt ctaagcccca cgcggatgta gccttgtttg 7740ctcttaaaca gtcatactgg tgaagcgctt ttatcttgcg acatgtttcc gtgtggaact 7800cttccttgtt tggagccttg tggaagtaca agtagccacc aaaaatttcg tcagcacctt 7860cccctgatat gaccatcttc actcctagtg atttaatctt acgtgacata aggaacatag 7920gagtgctggc tcttattgtt gttacatcat acgtctcgat atgatatata acatcttcaa 7980tagcatcaat cccgtcctga acagtaaagt gaaactcgtg gtgaacggtt cctaaaaagt 8040cagcaacttc ttttgcagcc ttgagatctg gtgagccctc gagaacattt tgaagttttc 8100cctccggggc acttgtactc tagcaagaac ggagggctta ggagatggta caatcccgct 8160tggttctctg aagcaattcc ttccactcct tatgacactt tggttctgag gcgtgccttc 8220gaaaatgctg ttatcaaacg gttgatgact gatgtcccct ttggcgttct gctctcgggg 8280ggacttgatt cgtctttggt tgcttctgtc actactcgat acttggctgg aacaaaagct 8340gctaagcaat ggggagcaca acttcattcc ttctgtgttg gtctcgaggg ctcaccagat 8400ctcaaggctg caaaagaagt tgctgacttt ttaggaaccg ttcaccacga gtttcacttt 8460actgttcagg acgggattga tgctattgaa gatgttatat atcatatcga gacgtatgat 8520gtaacaacaa taagagccag cactcctatg ttccttatgt cacgtaagat taaatcacta 8580ggagtgaaga tggtcatatc aggggaaggt gctgacgaaa tttttggtgg ctacttgtac 8640ttccacaagg ctccaaacaa ggaagagttc cacacggaaa catgtcgcaa gataaaagcg 8700cttcaccagt atgactgttt aagagcaaac aaggctacat ccgcgtgggg cttagaagct 8760agagtaccat ttctggataa agagttcttc atcaagccat atcttcttca ttcttttttt 8820catttgaagg ttatttcacc gatgtcccat caagaaaggg aagagaggga gaatatgtag 8880tgttatactc tacttattcg ccattttagg cacgagtatg gccacgcagt accattccag 8940ttatgacccg gaaaactccg cctcccatta cacattcctc ccggatcaac ccgattccgg 9000ccaccggaag tcccttaaaa tcatctccgg cattttcctc tcctctttcc ttttgctttc 9060tgtagccttc tttccgatcc tcaacaacca gtcaccggac ttgcagagta actcccgttc 9120gccggcgccg ccgtcaagag gtgtttctca gggagtctcc gataagactt ttcgagatgt 9180cgtcaatgct agtcacgttt cttatgcgtg gtccaatgct atgcttagct ggcaaagaac 9240tgcttaccat tttcaacctc

aaaaaaattg gatgaacgat cctaatggtc cattgtacca 9300caagggatgg tatcatcttt tttatcaata caatccagat tcagctattt ggggaaatat 9360cacatggggc catgccgtat ccaaggactt gatccactgg ctctacttgc cttttgccat 9420ggttcctgat caatggtacg atattaacgg tgtctggact gggtccgcta ccatcctacc 9480cgatggtcag atcatgatgc tttataccgg tgacactgat gattatgtac aagtgcaaaa 9540tcttgtagtc tctattgaat ctgctgagat tacactttga tggatgatgc tctgtttttg 9600ttttcttgtt ctgttttttt atgttgaaat cagctttgtt gcttgatttc attgaagttg 9660ttattcaaga ataaatcagt tacaattata ctagtcccta gacttgtcca tcttctggat 9720tggccaactt aattaatgta tgaaataaaa ggatgcacac atagtgacat gctaatcact 9780ataatgtggg catcaaagtt gtgtgttatg tgtaattact aattatctga ataagagaaa 9840gagatcatcc atatttctta tcctaaatga atgtcacgtg tctttataat tctttgatga 9900accagatgca ttttattaac caattccata tacgagctcc ctattttttt actatattat 9960actcaaccca atgagcataa agactgtaaa atctcaaatt cctgagaagc atatttatcg 10020atcccacaga cttgatagtt ccataatcca tacgctgcag ccaaattgct agtgtgttga 10080acatttaaca cgtagagaac tagaaaagat ataaaactaa gattgatatc caaaatagac 10140gagaacaata agcaaaaact cttagttttg aaataaatca acaatcccga gggttgtcac 10200atacatcaaa aacgaaaatc catatagcaa aaaaaactct aaattaccgt tcgacaaaaa 10260gagaaaactg ataggacatt tgctaaacat taaaatcaat atgaacgtct cccatcaccc 10320tctgtgatca catctttgaa agcaccgcca atgggaatca taggtagaac gtgctcctga 10380tgaggtacaa tcacatccaa caagtatggc ccaggagtgt ctaacatctt ttgaatggca 10440gctctaagat catccctgtg tgacactctt gcagcaggta cgccacaagc ctctgcgaat 10500ttcaacatat tagggaagat ctcttcctca ttagcaggat cacccaagta agtgtgtgct 10560ctgttagcct tatagaatcg atcctccagt tgaaccacca ttcccaagtg ttgattattc 10620agcaacataa tcttaactgg gagattctcc accttaattg ttgctaactc ctgcacattc 10680atgataaaac tcccgtcacc atcaatgtca accacaatct cacccggtct tccaacagcc 10740gcacctattg cagcaggcaa accaaatccc attgctccta atccaccaga tgtcaaccat 10800tggtgtggct ttttgtactt atagtattgg gcagcccaca tctggtgttg ccccacacca 10860gtactaataa tggcatttcc gttagttaac tcatcaagaa cctgaatagc atattgtgga 10920gggatggctt caccaaaagt cttaaaactc aatgggtact tcaccttctg ttccgttaac 10980tcctgtctcc aagcagaaaa gtccaacttc agcttacctt ctttaccctc caatatggaa 11040ttcaaaccct gtaatgccaa cttgatatct gcacaaatgg aaacatgagg ttgcttgttc 11100tttccaatct cagccgaatc aatatcaatg tggacaattt tcgctcggct agcaaaagct 11160tccaatttac cagtaactcg atcatcaaac ctcaccccaa atgcaagcaa caaatcacta 11220ccatccacag cataattagc atacacagtc ccatgcatac ccaacatttg aagggaaagc 11280tcatccccag ttggaaaagc tccaagaccc atcaaagtac tcgccacagg aatacccgta 11340agctccacaa atcgtctcag ctcctcactt gattgcaaac acccaccacc cacatacaaa 11400acaggcttct tcgactccga aatcagccta ataatttgtt ccaaaagcat ctcattaggc 11460aatttaggta atctagacat gtaaccaggc aacctcattg gctgatccca attaggtatc 11520accaattgtt gctgaatatc cttaggtaca tcaatcaaaa ccggcccagg ccgtcccgat 11580ttcgctagaa aaaacgcttc acgaacaacc ctaggaatat cctctacatc cataacaaga 11640taattatgct tcgtaataga tctcgttacc tcaacaatag gcgtttcctg aaacgcatca 11700gtaccaatca tcctcctcgg cacttgaccc gtaatagcaa caatcggaat actatccaac 11760aaagcatccg caagaccact aacaagattc gtagctcccg gaccagaggt agcaatgcaa 11820acaccaggga acccagtcgc ccgtgcgtaa ccctctgcag caaacacacc accttgctca 11880tgacgtggca gcacattacg aataatattc gaacgtgtca aagcctgatg aatctccata 11940gaagcacctc ctgggtacgc aaatacatcc gtaaccccct ccctttcaag tgcctccaca 12000agaacatcac aaccctttct gggttcgtca ggggcgaaac gggaaacgaa tgtttcaggt 12060tcagaaacgt cgttatgggt ggtagtggat atgacgacat tggaaacggc gaaaccacga 12120cgatgatgat gggtgtgggt gagatgaagg ggtgaggctt tttgagggtg attgtggaaa 12180gggaaggtag atctaggaag aatggtggaa gatttggagg aagatggagg tagggttttg 12240gagaaacatg gagatggtga ggcagcagcc gccatacctc cacgtagacg gagcaccaaa 12300tggagggtag actccttctg gatgttgtaa tcagctagag tacgtccgtc ctccaactgc 12360tttccggcga agataagcct ttgctgatcc gggggaattc cttccttatc ctggatctta 12420gccttaacgt tgtcgattgt atcagaactt tccacctcta gggtgatagt ctttccggtg 12480agagttttca caaagatctg catctgcaaa ttcataaaaa caacaatcag aacaacgaaa 12540aaaactcaaa tttagggctt ttcacactcc ctgattagct gattcgagaa ttaaaaccaa 12600acaatctaaa acacggggaa aaaactcaaa tttagggctt tttcatcaaa acagccggag 12660aaactcaaat ttagggcttt ttcatcaaaa cagccggaga aactcaaatt ttaggccttc 12720agaatcaaac cgacgaaaaa acacaaattc tagggctttt tcatcaaatc aaccggaaaa 12780actcaaattt aaggcctttt tcatcaaaca aatgtaaaaa ctctaatttt aaacctttag 12840aatcgaatcg acagaaaaaa aatctcaaac taggggcttt ttcatcaaaa caacggggaa 12900aactccaatt gtaggccttt tccatcaaac caacgtaaaa aaactcaaat tttaggcctt 12960ttccatcaag acaaccgaaa aaaaactcaa aattaagggc tataacagca cctgattagc 13020taattcgaga attgacagga tatatggtac tgtaaac 13057153014DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic polynucleotide 15atttagcagc attccagatt gggttcaatc aacaaggtac gagccatatc actttattca 60aattggtatc gccaaaacca agaaggaact cccatcctca aaggtttgta aggaagaatt 120ctcagtccaa agcctcaaca aggtcagggt acagagtctc caaaccatta gccaaaagct 180acaggagatc aatgaagaat cttcaatcaa agtaaactac tgttccagca catgcatcat 240ggtcagtaag tttcagaaaa agacatccac cgaagactta aagttagtgg gcatctttga 300aagtaatctt gtcaacatcg agcagctggc ttgtggggac cagacaaaaa aggaatggtg 360cagaattgtt aggcgcacct accaaaagca tctttgcctt tattgcaaag ataaagcaga 420ttcctctagt acaagtgggg aacaaaataa cgtggaaaag agctgtcctg acagcccact 480cactaatgcg tatgacgaac gcagtgacga ccacaaaaga attccctcta tataagaagg 540cattcattcc catttgaagg atcatcagat actcaaccaa tactagtatg ttaagggcta 600taacagcacc tgattagcta attcgagaat ctaaacagac aaaaaccaaa gtccgtcctg 660tagaaacccc aacccgtgaa atcaaaaaac tcgacggcct gtgggcattc agtctggatc 720gcgaaaactg tggaattgat cagcgttggt gggaaagcgc gttacaagaa agccgggcaa 780ttgctgtgcc aggcagtttt aacgatcagt tcgccgatgc agatattcgt aattatgcgg 840gcaacgtctg gtatcagcgc gaagtcttta taccgaaagg ttgggcaggc cagcgtatcg 900tgctgcgttt cgatgcggtc actcattacg gcaaagtgtg ggtcaataat caggaagtga 960tggagcatca gggcggctat acgccatttg aagccgatgt cacgccgtat gttattgccg 1020ggaaaagtgt acgtaagttt ctgcttctac ctttgatata tatataataa ttatcattaa 1080ttagtagtaa tataatattt caaatatttt tttcaaaata aaagaatgta gtatatagca 1140attgcttttc tgtagtttat aagtgtgtat attttaattt ataacttttc taatatatga 1200ccaaaatttg ttgatgtgca ggtatcaccg tttgtgtgaa caacgaactg aactggcaga 1260ctatcccgcc gggaatggtg attaccgacg aaaacggcaa gaaaaagcag tcttacttcc 1320atgatttctt taactatgcc ggaatccatc gcagcgtaat gctctacacc acgccgaaca 1380cctgggtgga cgatatcacc gtggtgacgc atgtcgcgca agactgtaac cacgcgtctg 1440ttgactggca ggtggtggcc aatggtgatg tcagcgttga actgcgtgat gcggatcaac 1500aggtggttgc aactggacaa ggcactagcg ggactttgca agtggtgaat ccgcacctct 1560ggcaaccggg tgaaggttat ctctatgaac tgtgcgtcac agccaaaagc cagacagagt 1620gtgatatcta cccgcttcgc gtcggcatcc ggtcagtggc agtgaagggc gaacagttcc 1680tgattaacca caaaccgttc tactttactg gctttggtcg tcatgaagat gcggacttgc 1740gtggcaaagg attcgataac gtgctgatgg tgcacgacca cgcattaatg gactggattg 1800gggccaactc ctaccgtacc tcgcattacc cttacgctga agagatgctc gactgggcag 1860atgaacatgg catcgtggtg attgatgaaa ctgctgctgt cggctttaac ctctctttag 1920gcattggttt cgaagcgggc aacaagccga aagaactgta cagcgaagag gcagtcaacg 1980gggaaactca gcaagcgcac ttacaggcga ttaaagagct gatagcgcgt gacaaaaacc 2040acccaagcgt ggtgatgtgg agtattgcca acgaaccgga tacccgtccg caaggtgcac 2100gggaatattt cgcgccactg gcggaagcaa cgcgtaaact cgacccgacg cgtccgatca 2160cctgcgtcaa tgtaatgttc tgcgacgctc acaccgatac catcagcgat ctctttgatg 2220tgctgtgcct gaaccgttat tacggatggt atgtccaaag cggcgatttg gaaacggcag 2280agaaggtact ggaaaaagaa cttctggcct ggcaggagaa actgcatcag ccgattatca 2340tcaccgaata cggcgtggat acgttagccg ggctgcactc aatgtacacc gacatgtgga 2400gtgaagagta tcagtgtgca tggctggata tgtatcaccg cgtctttgat cgcgtcagcg 2460ccgtcgtcgg tgaacaggta tggaatttcg ccgattttgc gacctcgcaa ggcatattgc 2520gcgttggcgg taacaagaaa gggatcttca ctcgcgaccg caaaccgaag tcggcggctt 2580ttctgctgca aaaacgctgg actggcatga acttcggtga aaaaccgcag cagggaggca 2640aacaatgaaa gcttttgatt ttaatgttta gcaaatgtcc tatcagtttt ctctttttgt 2700cgaacggtaa tttagagttt tttttgctat atggattttc gtttttgatg tatgtgacaa 2760ccctcgggat tgttgattta tttcaaaact aagagttttt gcttattgtt ctcgtctatt 2820ttggatatca atcttagttt tatatctttt ctagttctct acgtgttaaa tgttcaacac 2880actagcaatt tggctgcagc gtatggatta tggaactatc aagtctgtgg gatcgataaa 2940tatgcttctc aggaatttga gattttacag tctttatgct cattgggttg agtataatat 3000agtaaaaaaa tagg 30141620DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic primer 16aaggcattca ttcccatttg 201720DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic primer 17gacccacact ttgccgtaat 20184164DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic polynucleotide 18atggctccta agaagaagag gaaggttgag ccaggatctc caggtggaca gtctctcatg 60gataagaagt actccatcgg cctcgatatc ggcactaact ctgttggatg ggctgtgatc 120actgatgagt acaaggtgcc atccaagaag ttcaaggttc tcggcaacac tgataggcac 180tccatcaaga agaaccttat cggcgctctc ctcttcgatt ccggtgaaac tgctgaggct 240actaggctta agaggactgc tagaaggcgt tacactaggc gtaagaacag gatctgctac 300ctccaagaga tcttctccaa cgagatggct aaagtggatg attcattctt ccacaggctc 360gaagagtcct tcttggtgga agaagataag aagcacgaga ggcacccaat cttcggcaac 420attgtggatg aagtggctta ccacgagaag tacccaacta tctaccacct ccgtaagaag 480ctcgttgatt ccactgataa ggctgatctc aggctcatct accttgctct cgctcacatg 540atcaagttca ggggacactt cctcatcgag ggtgatctca acccagataa ctccgatgtg 600gataagttgt tcatccagct cgtgcagact tacaaccagc ttttcgaaga gaacccaatc 660aacgcttccg gtgtggatgc taaggctatt ctttctgcta ggctctccaa gtccaggcgt 720cttgagaatc ttattgctca gctcccaggc gagaagaaga acggactttt cggaaacttg 780atcgctctct cccttggcct cactccaaac ttcaagtcca acttcgatct cgctgaggat 840gcaaagctcc agctctctaa ggatacttac gatgatgatc tcgataacct cctcgctcag 900atcggagatc agtacgctga tttgttcctc gctgctaaga acctctccga tgctatcctc 960ctctctgata tcctccgtgt gaacactgag atcactaagg ctccactctc cgcttccatg 1020attaagaggt acgatgagca ccaccaggat cttacacttc tcaaggctct tgtgaggcag 1080cagcttcctg agaagtacaa agagattttc ttcgatcagt ccaagaacgg ctacgctggt 1140tacattgatg gtggcgcttc tcaagaagag ttctacaagt tcatcaagcc aatcctcgaa 1200aagatggatg gaactgagga actcctcgtg aagctcaaca gagaggatct ccttaggaag 1260cagaggactt tcgataacgg ctccattcca caccagattc accttggtga gttgcacgct 1320attctcaggc gtcaagagga tttctaccca ttcctcaagg ataaccgtga gaagatcgag 1380aagattctta ctttccgtat cccttactac gtgggaccac ttgctagggg aaattctagg 1440ttcgcttgga tgactaggaa gtccgaagag actatcactc catggaactt cgaagaggtg 1500gtggataagg gtgctagtgc tcagtctttc atcgagagga tgactaactt cgataagaac 1560cttccaaacg agaaggtgct cccaaagcac tctttgctct acgagtactt cactgtgtac 1620aacgagttga ctaaggtgaa gtacgtgaca gagggcatga ggaagccagc ttttttgtct 1680ggtgagcaga agaaggctat cgttgatctc ttgttcaaga ctaaccgtaa ggtgacagtg 1740aagcagctca aagaggatta cttcaagaaa atcgagtgct tcgattctgt tgagatctcc 1800ggcgttgagg ataggttcaa tgcttccctt ggcacatacc acgatttgct caagatcatt 1860aaggataagg atttcttgga taacgaggaa aacgaggata ttcttgagga tatcgtgctt 1920actctcactc tcttcgagga tcgtgagatg attgaggaaa ggctcaagac ttacgctcac 1980cttttcgatg ataaggtgat gaagcagttg aagaggcgta ggtacactgg atggggaagg 2040ctttctagga agctcatcaa cggcatcagg gataagcagt ccggtaagac tattctcgat 2100ttcctcaagt ccgatggctt cgcaaaccgt aacttcatgc agctcatcca cgatgattcc 2160ctcactttta aagaggatat ccagaaggct caggtttccg gacaaggcga ttctcttcat 2220gagcacattg ctaacctcgc tggctcccca gctattaaga agggaattct ccagactgtg 2280aaagtggtgg atgagttggt gaaggtgatg ggaaggcata agccagagaa catcgtgatc 2340gagatggcac gtgagaacca gactactcag aagggccaga agaactccag ggaaaggatg 2400aagaggatcg aggaaggcat caaagagctt ggctcccaga tccttaaaga gcacccagtt 2460gagaacactc agctccagaa tgagaagctc tacctctact acctccagaa cggcagggat 2520atgtatgtgg atcaagagtt ggatatcaac aggctctccg attatgatgt tgatcacatc 2580gtgccacagt cattcttgaa ggatgattcc atcgataaca aggtgctcac taggtccgat 2640aagaataggg gcaagtctga taacgtgcca agtgaagagg ttgtgaagaa aatgaagaac 2700tactggcgtc agcttctcaa cgctaagctc attactcagc gtaagttcga taacttgaca 2760aaggctgaga ggggaggcct ctctgaattg gataaggcag gattcatcaa gaggcagctc 2820gtggaaacta ggcagatcac aaagcacgtg gcacagatcc tcgattccag gatgaacact 2880aagtatgatg agaacgataa gttgatccgt gaggttaagg tgatcactct caagtctaag 2940ctcgtgtccg attttaggaa ggatttccaa ttctacaagg tgagggaaat caacaactac 3000caccacgctc acgatgctta ccttaacgct gttgtgggaa cagctcttat caagaagtat 3060ccaaagttgg agtccgagtt cgtgtacggc gattacaagg tttacgatgt gaggaagatg 3120atcgctaagt ccgagcaaga gatcggcaag gctactgcta agtacttttt ctactccaac 3180atcatgaatt tcttcaagac agagatcaca ctcgctaacg gcgagattag gaagaggcca 3240ctcattgaga ctaacggtga gactggtgag atcgtgtggg ataagggaag ggatttcgct 3300actgtgcgta aggtgctctc tatgccacag gtgaacattg tgaaaaagac agaggtgcag 3360actggcggct tctccaaaga gtctattctc ccaaagagga actccgataa gctcattgct 3420aggaagaagg attgggaccc aaagaagtac ggcggcttcg atagtcctac tgtggcttac 3480tctgttcttg tggtggctaa ggttgagaag ggcaagtcaa agaagctcaa gtctgttaag 3540gaattgctcg gcatcactat catggaaagg tcctcattcg agaagaaccc tattgatttc 3600cttgaggcta agggctacaa agaggttaag aaggatctca tcatcaagct ccctaagtac 3660tccttgttcg agcttgagaa cggccgtaag aggatgcttg cttctgctgg tgaactccag 3720aagggaaacg aacttgctct cccatccaag tacgttaact ttctctacct cgcttcccac 3780tacgagaagt tgaagggatc accagaggat aacgaacaga agcaactttt cgttgagcag 3840cacaagcact atctcgatga gattatcgag cagatctccg agttctccaa gcgtgtgatt 3900ctcgctgatg caaacctcga taaggtgttg tccgcttaca acaagcaccg tgataagcct 3960attcgtgagc aggctgagaa catcatccac cttttcactc tcactaacct cggtgctcca 4020gctgctttca agtacttcga tacaacaatc gataggaagc gttacacatc cacaaaagag 4080gtgctcgatg ctactctcat tcaccagtcc atcactggcc tttacgagac taggatcgat 4140ctttctcagc tcggaggcga ttga 4164191387PRTArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic polypeptide 19Met Ala Pro Lys Lys Lys Arg Lys Val Glu Pro Gly Ser Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Gln Ser Leu Met Asp Lys Lys Tyr Ser Ile Gly Leu Asp Ile Gly Thr 20 25 30 Asn Ser Val Gly Trp Ala Val Ile Thr Asp Glu Tyr Lys Val Pro Ser 35 40 45 Lys Lys Phe Lys Val Leu Gly Asn Thr Asp Arg His Ser Ile Lys Lys 50 55 60 Asn Leu Ile Gly Ala Leu Leu Phe Asp Ser Gly Glu Thr Ala Glu Ala 65 70 75 80 Thr Arg Leu Lys Arg Thr Ala Arg Arg Arg Tyr Thr Arg Arg Lys Asn 85 90 95 Arg Ile Cys Tyr Leu Gln Glu Ile Phe Ser Asn Glu Met Ala Lys Val 100 105 110 Asp Asp Ser Phe Phe His Arg Leu Glu Glu Ser Phe Leu Val Glu Glu 115 120 125 Asp Lys Lys His Glu Arg His Pro Ile Phe Gly Asn Ile Val Asp Glu 130 135 140 Val Ala Tyr His Glu Lys Tyr Pro Thr Ile Tyr His Leu Arg Lys Lys 145 150 155 160 Leu Val Asp Ser Thr Asp Lys Ala Asp Leu Arg Leu Ile Tyr Leu Ala 165 170 175 Leu Ala His Met Ile Lys Phe Arg Gly His Phe Leu Ile Glu Gly Asp 180 185 190 Leu Asn Pro Asp Asn Ser Asp Val Asp Lys Leu Phe Ile Gln Leu Val 195 200 205 Gln Thr Tyr Asn Gln Leu Phe Glu Glu Asn Pro Ile Asn Ala Ser Gly 210 215 220 Val Asp Ala Lys Ala Ile Leu Ser Ala Arg Leu Ser Lys Ser Arg Arg 225 230 235 240 Leu Glu Asn Leu Ile Ala Gln Leu Pro Gly Glu Lys Lys Asn Gly Leu 245 250 255 Phe Gly Asn Leu Ile Ala Leu Ser Leu Gly Leu Thr Pro Asn Phe Lys 260 265 270 Ser Asn Phe Asp Leu Ala Glu Asp Ala Lys Leu Gln Leu Ser Lys Asp 275 280 285 Thr Tyr Asp Asp Asp Leu Asp Asn Leu Leu Ala Gln Ile Gly Asp Gln 290 295 300 Tyr Ala Asp Leu Phe Leu Ala Ala Lys Asn Leu Ser Asp Ala Ile Leu 305 310 315 320 Leu Ser Asp Ile Leu Arg Val Asn Thr Glu Ile Thr Lys Ala Pro Leu 325 330 335 Ser Ala Ser Met Ile Lys Arg Tyr Asp Glu His His Gln Asp Leu Thr 340 345 350 Leu Leu Lys Ala Leu Val Arg Gln Gln Leu Pro Glu Lys Tyr Lys Glu 355 360 365 Ile Phe Phe Asp Gln Ser Lys Asn Gly Tyr Ala Gly Tyr Ile Asp Gly 370 375 380 Gly Ala Ser Gln Glu Glu Phe Tyr Lys Phe Ile Lys Pro Ile Leu Glu 385 390 395 400 Lys Met Asp Gly Thr Glu Glu Leu Leu Val Lys Leu Asn Arg Glu Asp 405 410 415 Leu Leu Arg Lys Gln Arg Thr Phe Asp Asn Gly Ser Ile Pro His Gln 420 425 430 Ile His Leu Gly Glu Leu His Ala Ile Leu Arg Arg Gln Glu Asp Phe 435 440 445 Tyr Pro Phe Leu Lys Asp Asn Arg Glu Lys Ile Glu Lys Ile Leu Thr 450 455 460 Phe Arg Ile Pro Tyr Tyr Val Gly Pro Leu Ala Arg Gly Asn Ser Arg 465 470 475 480 Phe Ala Trp Met Thr Arg Lys Ser Glu Glu Thr Ile Thr Pro Trp Asn 485 490 495 Phe Glu Glu Val Val Asp Lys Gly Ala Ser Ala Gln Ser Phe Ile Glu 500 505 510 Arg Met Thr Asn Phe Asp Lys Asn Leu Pro Asn Glu Lys Val Leu Pro 515 520 525 Lys His Ser Leu Leu Tyr Glu Tyr Phe Thr Val Tyr

Asn Glu Leu Thr 530 535 540 Lys Val Lys Tyr Val Thr Glu Gly Met Arg Lys Pro Ala Phe Leu Ser 545 550 555 560 Gly Glu Gln Lys Lys Ala Ile Val Asp Leu Leu Phe Lys Thr Asn Arg 565 570 575 Lys Val Thr Val Lys Gln Leu Lys Glu Asp Tyr Phe Lys Lys Ile Glu 580 585 590 Cys Phe Asp Ser Val Glu Ile Ser Gly Val Glu Asp Arg Phe Asn Ala 595 600 605 Ser Leu Gly Thr Tyr His Asp Leu Leu Lys Ile Ile Lys Asp Lys Asp 610 615 620 Phe Leu Asp Asn Glu Glu Asn Glu Asp Ile Leu Glu Asp Ile Val Leu 625 630 635 640 Thr Leu Thr Leu Phe Glu Asp Arg Glu Met Ile Glu Glu Arg Leu Lys 645 650 655 Thr Tyr Ala His Leu Phe Asp Asp Lys Val Met Lys Gln Leu Lys Arg 660 665 670 Arg Arg Tyr Thr Gly Trp Gly Arg Leu Ser Arg Lys Leu Ile Asn Gly 675 680 685 Ile Arg Asp Lys Gln Ser Gly Lys Thr Ile Leu Asp Phe Leu Lys Ser 690 695 700 Asp Gly Phe Ala Asn Arg Asn Phe Met Gln Leu Ile His Asp Asp Ser 705 710 715 720 Leu Thr Phe Lys Glu Asp Ile Gln Lys Ala Gln Val Ser Gly Gln Gly 725 730 735 Asp Ser Leu His Glu His Ile Ala Asn Leu Ala Gly Ser Pro Ala Ile 740 745 750 Lys Lys Gly Ile Leu Gln Thr Val Lys Val Val Asp Glu Leu Val Lys 755 760 765 Val Met Gly Arg His Lys Pro Glu Asn Ile Val Ile Glu Met Ala Arg 770 775 780 Glu Asn Gln Thr Thr Gln Lys Gly Gln Lys Asn Ser Arg Glu Arg Met 785 790 795 800 Lys Arg Ile Glu Glu Gly Ile Lys Glu Leu Gly Ser Gln Ile Leu Lys 805 810 815 Glu His Pro Val Glu Asn Thr Gln Leu Gln Asn Glu Lys Leu Tyr Leu 820 825 830 Tyr Tyr Leu Gln Asn Gly Arg Asp Met Tyr Val Asp Gln Glu Leu Asp 835 840 845 Ile Asn Arg Leu Ser Asp Tyr Asp Val Asp His Ile Val Pro Gln Ser 850 855 860 Phe Leu Lys Asp Asp Ser Ile Asp Asn Lys Val Leu Thr Arg Ser Asp 865 870 875 880 Lys Asn Arg Gly Lys Ser Asp Asn Val Pro Ser Glu Glu Val Val Lys 885 890 895 Lys Met Lys Asn Tyr Trp Arg Gln Leu Leu Asn Ala Lys Leu Ile Thr 900 905 910 Gln Arg Lys Phe Asp Asn Leu Thr Lys Ala Glu Arg Gly Gly Leu Ser 915 920 925 Glu Leu Asp Lys Ala Gly Phe Ile Lys Arg Gln Leu Val Glu Thr Arg 930 935 940 Gln Ile Thr Lys His Val Ala Gln Ile Leu Asp Ser Arg Met Asn Thr 945 950 955 960 Lys Tyr Asp Glu Asn Asp Lys Leu Ile Arg Glu Val Lys Val Ile Thr 965 970 975 Leu Lys Ser Lys Leu Val Ser Asp Phe Arg Lys Asp Phe Gln Phe Tyr 980 985 990 Lys Val Arg Glu Ile Asn Asn Tyr His His Ala His Asp Ala Tyr Leu 995 1000 1005 Asn Ala Val Val Gly Thr Ala Leu Ile Lys Lys Tyr Pro Lys Leu 1010 1015 1020 Glu Ser Glu Phe Val Tyr Gly Asp Tyr Lys Val Tyr Asp Val Arg 1025 1030 1035 Lys Met Ile Ala Lys Ser Glu Gln Glu Ile Gly Lys Ala Thr Ala 1040 1045 1050 Lys Tyr Phe Phe Tyr Ser Asn Ile Met Asn Phe Phe Lys Thr Glu 1055 1060 1065 Ile Thr Leu Ala Asn Gly Glu Ile Arg Lys Arg Pro Leu Ile Glu 1070 1075 1080 Thr Asn Gly Glu Thr Gly Glu Ile Val Trp Asp Lys Gly Arg Asp 1085 1090 1095 Phe Ala Thr Val Arg Lys Val Leu Ser Met Pro Gln Val Asn Ile 1100 1105 1110 Val Lys Lys Thr Glu Val Gln Thr Gly Gly Phe Ser Lys Glu Ser 1115 1120 1125 Ile Leu Pro Lys Arg Asn Ser Asp Lys Leu Ile Ala Arg Lys Lys 1130 1135 1140 Asp Trp Asp Pro Lys Lys Tyr Gly Gly Phe Asp Ser Pro Thr Val 1145 1150 1155 Ala Tyr Ser Val Leu Val Val Ala Lys Val Glu Lys Gly Lys Ser 1160 1165 1170 Lys Lys Leu Lys Ser Val Lys Glu Leu Leu Gly Ile Thr Ile Met 1175 1180 1185 Glu Arg Ser Ser Phe Glu Lys Asn Pro Ile Asp Phe Leu Glu Ala 1190 1195 1200 Lys Gly Tyr Lys Glu Val Lys Lys Asp Leu Ile Ile Lys Leu Pro 1205 1210 1215 Lys Tyr Ser Leu Phe Glu Leu Glu Asn Gly Arg Lys Arg Met Leu 1220 1225 1230 Ala Ser Ala Gly Glu Leu Gln Lys Gly Asn Glu Leu Ala Leu Pro 1235 1240 1245 Ser Lys Tyr Val Asn Phe Leu Tyr Leu Ala Ser His Tyr Glu Lys 1250 1255 1260 Leu Lys Gly Ser Pro Glu Asp Asn Glu Gln Lys Gln Leu Phe Val 1265 1270 1275 Glu Gln His Lys His Tyr Leu Asp Glu Ile Ile Glu Gln Ile Ser 1280 1285 1290 Glu Phe Ser Lys Arg Val Ile Leu Ala Asp Ala Asn Leu Asp Lys 1295 1300 1305 Val Leu Ser Ala Tyr Asn Lys His Arg Asp Lys Pro Ile Arg Glu 1310 1315 1320 Gln Ala Glu Asn Ile Ile His Leu Phe Thr Leu Thr Asn Leu Gly 1325 1330 1335 Ala Pro Ala Ala Phe Lys Tyr Phe Asp Thr Thr Ile Asp Arg Lys 1340 1345 1350 Arg Tyr Thr Ser Thr Lys Glu Val Leu Asp Ala Thr Leu Ile His 1355 1360 1365 Gln Ser Ile Thr Gly Leu Tyr Glu Thr Arg Ile Asp Leu Ser Gln 1370 1375 1380 Leu Gly Gly Asp 1385 20103DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic polynucleotide 20gattctcgaa ttagctaatc gttttagagc tagaaatagc aagttaaaat aaggctagtc 60cgttatcaac ttgaaaaagt ggcaccgagt cggtgctttt ttt 1032134PRTUnknownDescription of Unknown Central repeat domain polypeptide 21Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Val Val Ala Ile Ala Ser His Asp Gly Gly Lys 1 5 10 15 Gln Ala Leu Glu Thr Val Gln Arg Leu Leu Pro Val Leu Cys Gln Ala 20 25 30 His Gly 221018DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic polynucleotide 22gtttacagta ccatatatcc tgtcaattct cgaattagct aatcaggtgc tgttatagcc 60cttaattttg agtttttttt cggttgtctt gatggaaaag gcctaaaatt tgagtttttt 120tacgttggtt tgatggaaaa ggcctacaat tggagttttc cccgttgttt tgatgaaaaa 180gcccctagtt tgagattttt tttctgtcga ttcgattcta aaggtttaaa attagagttt 240ttacatttgt ttgatgaaaa aggccttaaa tttgagtttt tccggttgat ttgatgaaaa 300agccctagaa tttgtgtttt ttcgtcggtt tgattctgaa ggcctaaaat ttgagtttct 360ccggctgttt tgatgaaaaa gccctaaatt tgagtttctc cggctgtttt gatgaaaaag 420ccctaaattt gagttttttc cccgtgtttt agattgtttg gttttaattc tcgaatcagc 480taatcaggga gtgtgaaaag ccctaaattt gagttttttt cgttgttctg attgttgttt 540ttatgaattt gcagatgcag atctttgtga aaactctcac cggaaagact atcaccctag 600aggtggaaag ttctgataca atcgacaacg ttaaggctaa gatccaggat aaggaaggaa 660ttcccccgga tcagcaaagg cttatcttcg ccggaaagca gttggaggac ggacgtactc 720tagctgatta caacatccag aaggagtcta ccctccattt ggtgctccgt ctacgtggag 780gtatggcggc tgctgcctca ccatctccat gtttctccaa aaccctacct ccatcttcct 840ccaaatcttc caccattctt cctagatcta ccttcccttt ccacaatcac cctcaaaaag 900cctcacccct tcatctcacc cacacccatc atcatcgtcg tggtttcgcc gtttccaatg 960tcgtcatatc cactaccacc cataacgacg tttctgaacc tgaaacattc gtttcccg 10182366DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 23atgttaaggg ctataacagc acctgattag ctaattcgag aatctaaaca gacaaaaacc 60aaagtc 662460DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 24tttggttttt gtctgtttag attctcgaat tagctaatca ggtgctgtta tagcccttaa 602560DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 25tttggttttt gtctgtttag attctcgaat tagctaatca ggtgctgtta tagcccttaa 602660DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 26tttggttttt gtctgtttag attctcgaat tagttaatca ggtgctgtta tagcccttaa 602755DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 27tttggttttt gtctgtttag attctcgaat aatcaggtgc tgttatagcc cttaa 552853DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 28tttggttttt gtctgtttag attctcgaaa tcaggtgctg ttatagccct taa 532945DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 29tttggttttt gtctgtttag attctcgaac tgttatagcc cttaa 453052DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 30tttggttttt gtctgtttag attctcgaat caggtgctgt tatagccctt aa 523156DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 31tttggttttt gtctgtttag attctcgaat taatcaggtg ctgttatagc ccttaa 563252DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 32tttggttttt gtctgcttag attctcgaat taggtgctgt tatagccctt aa 523353DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 33tttggttttt gtctgtttag attctcgaat tcaggtgctg ttatagccct taa 533455DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 34tttggttttt gtctgtttag attctcgaat tatcaggtgc tgttatagcc cttaa 553556DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 35tttggttttt gtctgtttag attctcgaat taatcaggtg ctgttatagc ccttaa 563658DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 36tttggttttt gtctgtttag attctcgaat tataatcagg tgctgttata gcccttaa 583761DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 37tttggttttt gtctgtttag attctcgaat tagcctaatc aggtgctgtt atagccctta 60a 61381450DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic polynucleotide 38ctgatttcta ttataatttc tattaattgc cttcaaattt ctctttcaag gttagaaatc 60ttctctattt tttggttttt gtctgtttag attctcgaat tagctaatca ggtgctgtta 120aagccctaaa atttgagttt tttttccgtc gaattgatgc taaaggctta aaattagagt 180tttttcgtcg gtttgactct gaaggcctaa aatttggggt tttccgggtg atttgatgat 240aaagccctag aatttgagtt tttttatttg tcggtttgat gaaaaaggcc ttaaatttaa 300tttttttccc ggttgatttg atgaaaaagc cctagaattt gtgttttttc gtcggtttga 360ttctaaaggc ctaaaatttg agtttttccg gttgttttga tgaaaaagcc ctaaaatttg 420agttttttcc ccgtgtttta gattgtttgg ttttaattct tgaatcagat aatcagggag 480tgtgaaaagc cctaaaattt gagttttttt cgttgttctg attgttgttt ttatgaattt 540gattctcgaa ttagctaatc aggtgctgtt atagccctta attttgagtt ttttttcggt 600tgtcttgatg gaaaaggcct aaaatttgag tttttttacg ttggtttgat ggaaaaggcc 660tacaattgga gttttccccg ttgttttgat gaaaaagccc ctagtttgag attttttttc 720tgtcgattcg attctaaagg tttaaaatta gagtttttac atttgtttga tgaaaaaggc 780cttaaatttg agtttttccg gttgatttga tgaaaaagcc ctagaatttg tgtttttcgt 840cggtttgatt ctgaaggttt gattctgaag gcctaaaatt tgagtttctc cggctgtttt 900gatgaaaaag ccctaaattt gagtttctcc ggctgttttg atgaaaaagc cctaaatttg 960agttttttcc ccgtgtttta gattgtttgg ttttaattct cgaatcagct aatcagggag 1020tgtgaaaagc cctaaatttg agtttttttc gttgttctga ttgttgtttt tatgaatttg 1080cagatgcaga tctttgtgaa aactctcacc ggaaagacta tcaccctaga ggtggaaagt 1140tctgatacaa tcgacaacgt taaggctaag atccaggata aggaaggaat tcccccggat 1200cagcaaaggc ttatcttcgc cggaaagcag ttggaggacg gacgtactct agctgattac 1260aacatccaga aggagtctac cctccatttg gtgctccgtc tacgtggagg tatggcggct 1320gctgcctcac catctccatg tttctccaaa accctacctc catcttcctc caaatcttcc 1380accattcttc ctagatctac cttccctttc cacaatcacc ctcaaaaagc ctcacccctt 1440catctcaccc 145039891DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic polynucleotide 39ttttcatctt ctatctgatt tctattataa tttctattaa ttgccttcaa atttctcttt 60caaggttaga aatcttctct attttttggt ttttgtctgt ttagattctc gaattagcta 120atcaggtgct gttaaagccc taaaatttga gttttttttc cgccgaattg atgctaaagg 180cttaaaatta gggttttttc gtcggtttga ctctgaaggc ctaaaatttg gggttttccg 240ggtgatttga tgataaagcc ctagaatttg agttttttta tttgtcggtt tgatgaaaaa 300ggccttaaat ttaatttttt tcccggttga tttgatgaaa aagccctaga atttgtgttt 360tttcgtcggt ttgattctaa aggcctaaaa tttgagtttt tccggttgtt ttgatgaaaa 420agccctaaaa tttgagtttt ttccccgtgt tttagattgt ttggttttaa ttcttgaatc 480agataatcag ggagtgtgaa aagccctaaa tttgagtttt tttcgttgtt ctgattgttg 540tttttatgaa tttgcagatg cagatctttg tgaaaactct caccggaaag actatcaccc 600tagaggtgga aacaatcgac aacgttaagg ctaagatcca ggataaggaa ggaattcccc 660cggatcagca aaggcttatc ttcgccggaa agcagttgga ggacggacgt actctagctg 720attacaacat ccagaaggag tctaccctcc atttggtgct ccgtctacgt ggaggtatgg 780cggctgctgc ctcaccatct ccatgcttct ccaaaaccct acctccatct tcctccaaat 840cttccaccat tcttcctaga tctaccttcc ctttccacaa tcaccctcaa a 89140900DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic polynucleotide 40ttttcatctt ctatctgatt tctattataa tttctattaa ttgccttcaa atttctcttt 60caaggttaga aatcttctct attttttggt ttttgtctgt ttagattctc gaattagcta 120atcaggtgct gttaaagccc taaaatttga gttttttttc cgccgaattg atgctaaagg 180cttaaaatta gggttttttc gtcggtttga ctctgaaggc ctaaaatttg gggttttccg 240ggtgatttga tgataaagcc ctagaatttg agttttttta tttgtcggtt tgatgaaaaa 300ggccttaaat ttaatttttt tcccggttga tttgatgaaa aagccctaga atttgtgttt 360tttcgtcggt ttgattctaa aggcctaaaa tttgagtttt tccggttgtt ttgatgaaaa 420agccctaaaa tttgagtttt ttccccgtgt tttagattgt ttggttttaa ttcttgaatc 480agataatcag ggagtgtgaa aagccctaaa tttgagtttt tttcgttgtt ctgattgttg 540tttttatgaa tttgcagatg cagatctttg tgaaaactct caccggaaag actatcaccc 600tagaggtgga aagttctgat acaatcgaca acgttaaggc taagatccag gataaggaag 660gaattccccc ggatcagcaa aggcttatct tcgccggaaa gcagttggag gacggacgta 720ctctagctga ttacaacatc cagaaggagt ctaccctcca tttggtgctc cgtctacgtg 780gaggtatggc ggctgctgcc tcaccatctc catgcttctc caaaacccta cctccatctt 840cctccaaatc ttccaccatt cttcctagat ctaccttccc tttccacaat caccctcaaa 9004129DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 41gattctcgaa ttagctaatc gttttagag 294221DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 42caccgagtcg gtgctttttt t 214360DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 43ttaagggcta taacagcacc tgattagcta attcgagaat ctaaacagac aaaaaccaaa 604456DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 44ttaagggcta taacagcacc tgattaattc gagaatctaa acagacaaaa accaaa 564555DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 45ttaagggcta taacagcacc tgataattcg agaatctaaa cagacaaaaa ccaaa 554653DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 46ttaagggcta taacagcacc tgatttcgag aatctaaaca gacaaaaacc aaa 534752DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 47ttaaggggca caacagcacc tgattcgaga atctaaacag acaaaaacca aa 524852DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 48ttaagggcta taacagcacc tgattcgaga atctaaacag acaaaaacca aa 524946DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 49ttaagggcta taacagcatc gagaatctaa acagacaaaa accaaa 465060DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 50ttaagggcta taacagcacc tgattagata attcgagaat ctaaacagac aaaaaccaaa 605160DNAArtificial SequenceDescription of Artificial Sequence Synthetic oligonucleotide 51ttaagggaaa gaacagcaca gcactagata attcgagaat ctaaacagac aaaaaccaaa 60

Claims

1. A transformed potato plant comprising in its genome a sequence exogenous to the untransformed plant, said sequence comprising: (i) a promoter-free marker cassette; and (ii) a desired polynucleotide; wherein the promoter-free marker cassette and the desired polynucleotide are positioned downstream of one of the plant's genomic endogenous gene promoters, and wherein the promoter-free marker cassette is expressed by said genomic endogenous gene promoter.

2. The transformed potato plant of claim 1, wherein the desired polynucleotide comprises a silencing cassette targeting one or more genes selected from the group consisting of asparagine synthase 1 (Asn1), polyphenol oxidase (Ppo), and vacuolar invertase (Inv) genes.

3. The transformed potato plant of claim 2, wherein the desired polynucleotide further expresses a late blight resistance gene Vnt1.

4. The transformed potato plant of claim 3, wherein said transformed potato plant is capable of producing tubers wherein the plant has a phenotype characterized by one or more of black spot bruise tolerance, reduced cold-induced sweetening and reduced asparagine levels in its tubers as a result of the expression of the desired polynucleotide.

5. A heat-processed product, wherein said heat processed product comprises cells from the transformed potato plant of claim 4.

6. The heat-processed product of claim 5, wherein the product is a French fry, chip, crisp, potato, dehydrated potato or baked potato.

7. The heat-processed product of claim 5, wherein the heat-processed product has a lower level of acrylamide than a heat-processed product of an otherwise identical plant lacking the desired polynucleotide.

8. The transformed potato plant of claim 1, wherein the promoter-free marker cassette encodes a mutated acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene, and wherein said mutated ALS gene confers the plant with resistance to at least one ALS inhibitor selected from the group consisting of sulfonylureas, imidazolinones, triazolopyrimidines, pyrimidinyl oxybenzoates, and sulfonylamino carbonyl triazolinones.

9. The transformed potato plant of claim 8, wherein the mutated ALS gene encodes for a peptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID Nos: 11 and 13.

10. A heat-processed product, wherein said heat processed product comprises cells from the tuber grown from the transformed potato plant of claim 9.

11. A method for stably integrating a desired polynucleotide downstream of a potato plant's endogenous gene promoter, said method comprising: (A) transforming potato plant material with a first vector comprising nucleotide sequences encoding Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nuclease (TAL) proteins designed to recognize a target sequence, wherein the target sequence is downstream of one of the potato plant's endogenous gene promoters; (B) transforming the potato plant material with a second vector comprising (i) a marker gene that is not operably linked to a promoter, referred to as a "promoter-free marker cassette", and which comprises a sequence homologous to the target sequence, and (ii) a desired polynucleotide; and (C) identifying transformed potato plant material in which the desired polynucleotide is stably integrated downstream of the potato plant's gene promoter.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the transformed plant material is exposed to conditions that reflect the presence or absence of the marker gene in the transformed plant.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the marker gene is an herbicide resistance gene and the transformed plant material is exposed to herbicide.

14. The method of claims 13, wherein the herbicide resistance gene is a mutated ALS gene, and wherein said mutated ALS gene confers the potato plant with resistance to at least one ALS inhibitor selected from the group consisting of sulfonylureas, imidazolinones, triazolopyrimidines, pyrimidinyl oxybenzoates, and sulfonylamino carbonyl triazolinones.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the promoter-free marker cassette is stably integrated into the potato plant's genome.

16. A method for the targeted insertion of exogenous DNA downstream of a potato plant's endogenous gene promoter, said method comprising the steps of (i) transforming isolated potato plant cells with (A) a first binary vector comprising a promoter-less cassette comprising (a) a right border sequence linked to (b) a partial sequence of a target sequence located downstream of the endogenous gene promoter, said partial sequence being fused to a mutated ALS gene; (c) a desired nucleotide sequence, wherein the desired nucleotide sequence is not operably linked to a promoter; and (d) a terminator sequence; and (B) a second binary vector comprising (a) a forward expression cassette and a reverse expression cassette, wherein each expression cassette comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding a modified TAL operably linked to a strong constitutive promoter, and a terminator sequence; and (b) a sequence encoding isopentenyl transferase (ipt), wherein the modified TAL is designed to bind the target sequence; and (ii) culturing the transformed potato plant cells under conditions that promote growth of edited potato plants that express the desired nucleotide sequence; wherein no vector backbone DNA is permanently inserted into the edited potato plant's genome.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the modified TAL comprises (a) a truncated C-terminal activation domain comprising a Fok1 endonuclease catalytic domain; (b) a codon-optimized target sequence binding domain comprising 16.5 repeat variable diresidues corresponding to the endogenous Ubi7 5'-untranslated intron sequence; and (c) an N-terminal region comprising a SV40 nuclear localization sequence.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the desired nucleotide sequence is a silencing cassette targeting one or more genes selected from the group consisting of Asn1, Ppo, and Inv genes.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the first binary vector further comprises a late blight resistance gene Vnt1 operably linked to its native promoter and terminator sequences.