U.S. patent application number 15/662110 was filed with the patent office on 2017-11-09 for device for reducing head and neck injury for helmet wearer.
This patent application is currently assigned to Scott W. Nagely. The applicant listed for this patent is Scott W. Nagely. Invention is credited to Ian D. Kovacevich, Scott W. Nagely.
Application Number | 20170318889 15/662110 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 60242480 |
Filed Date | 2017-11-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170318889 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Nagely; Scott W. ; et
al. |
November 9, 2017 |
DEVICE FOR REDUCING HEAD AND NECK INJURY FOR HELMET WEARER
Abstract
A motion restrictor device is wearable with a helmet to reduce
the risk of head or spine injury caused by injurious movement of
the helmet. The device includes a harness wearable by a user of the
helmet and a helmet-engaging component supported on the harness.
The helmet-engaging component presents laterally spaced apart,
fore-and-aft extending helmet-engagement surfaces positioned on
opposite sides of the neck of the user when the device is worn.
Inventors: |
Nagely; Scott W.; (Denver,
CO) ; Kovacevich; Ian D.; (Carlsbad, CA) |
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Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Nagely; Scott W. |
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US |
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|
Assignee: |
Nagely; Scott W.
Denver
CO
|
Family ID: |
60242480 |
Appl. No.: |
15/662110 |
Filed: |
July 27, 2017 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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15007001 |
Jan 26, 2016 |
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15662110 |
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62451534 |
Jan 27, 2017 |
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62107867 |
Jan 26, 2015 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A42B 3/046 20130101;
A41D 13/0512 20130101; A41D 2400/70 20130101; A41D 2400/44
20130101; A42B 3/222 20130101; A42B 3/0473 20130101; A41D 13/0531
20130101 |
International
Class: |
A42B 3/04 20060101
A42B003/04; A42B 3/22 20060101 A42B003/22; A41D 13/05 20060101
A41D013/05; A41D 13/05 20060101 A41D013/05; A42B 3/04 20060101
A42B003/04 |
Claims
1. A motion restrictor system for reducing the risk of head or
spine injury, said system comprising: a protective helmet
presenting a helmet lower margin that defines a lower helmet
opening, with the opening receiving a neck of the user when the
helmet is worn, said helmet swinging between forward and rearward
helmet positions spaced angularly relative to one another along a
fore-and-aft bisecting plane to define therebetween a helmet range
of swinging movement, wherein the forward and rearward helmet
positions are associated with corresponding flexion and extension
spine positions of the user and the helmet range of swinging
movement is at least about forty-five degrees; and a motion
restrictor device wearable with the helmet to reduce the risk of
head or spine injury caused by injurious movement of the helmet,
said motion restrictor device including-- a harness wearable by the
user of the helmet, and a helmet-engaging component supported on
the harness, said helmet-engaging component presenting laterally
spaced apart, fore-and-aft extending helmet-engagement surfaces
positioned on opposite sides of the neck of the user when the
device is worn, each of said helmet-engagement surfaces being
configured to shift while in contact with the helmet lower margin
as the helmet moves along the helmet range of swinging movement,
said helmet-engaging component being operable to yieldably bias the
helmet-engagement surfaces toward the lower margin when the device
and helmet are worn, such that contact with the helmet is
maintained with at least one of the helmet-engagement surfaces
through at least substantially the entire helmet range of swinging
movement.
2. The motion restrictor system as claimed in claim 1, said harness
presenting laterally spaced apart shoulder-engagement sections that
extend fore-and-aft along opposite sides of the helmet opening,
with each shoulder-engagement section being configured for
placement on top of a respective shoulder of the user when the
harness is worn, said helmet-engagement surfaces being positioned
over the shoulder-engagement sections when the harness is worn.
3. The motion restrictor system as claimed in claim 2, said
helmet-engagement surfaces being upwardly convex to maintain
contact with the helmet as the helmet moves fore-and-aft.
4. The motion restrictor system as claimed in claim 1, said harness
presenting laterally spaced apart shoulder-engagement sections that
extend in a fore-and-aft direction along opposite sides of the
helmet opening, with each shoulder-engagement section being
configured for placement on top of a respective shoulder of the
user when the harness is worn, said helmet-engaging component
including a pair of swingable helmet-engaging levers pivotally
mounted relative to the harness at a pivot, each of said levers
extending along the fore-and-aft direction from the pivot to
present a corresponding one of the helmet-engagement surfaces.
5. The motion restrictor system as claimed in claim 4, said
helmet-engagement surfaces being upwardly convex to maintain
contact with the helmet as the helmet moves fore-and-aft and the
levers swing about the pivot.
6. The motion restrictor system as claimed in claim 4, said harness
presenting a central neck opening which receives the neck of the
user when the harness is worn, said neck opening extending in the
fore-and-aft direction to present opposite fore and aft neck
opening ends; said pivot located closer to a first one of the neck
opening ends than a second one of the neck opening ends, said
levers extending in the fore-and-aft direction from the pivot
toward the second one of the neck opening ends, such that the
helmet-engagement surfaces are positioned over the
shoulder-engagement sections on opposite sides of the neck of the
user when the harness is worn.
7. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 6, said pivot
being located adjacent the aft neck opening end, with the
helmet-engaging levers extending forwardly to position the
helmet-engagement surfaces over the shoulder-engagement
sections.
8. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 7, said levers
extending forwardly beyond the shoulder-engagement sections.
9. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 7, each of said
helmet-engaging levers being detached from each other so that the
helmet-engagement surfaces are shiftable independently of one
another.
10. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 9, said
helmet-engaging component including a pair of pivots coupled to the
harness, with the pair of pivots including the first-mentioned
pivot.
11. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 10, each of
said levers presenting a main body portion extending forwardly from
a respective one of the pivots to define the corresponding one of
the helmet-engagement surfaces, each of said levers including a
stop-arm portion extending rearwardly from the respective one of
the pivots, each of said stop-arm portions being configured to
contact the harness and thereby limit swinging of the lever.
12. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 11, said main
body portion swinging generally up and down to define a range of
motion of the corresponding one of the helmet-engagement surfaces,
with contact between the stop-arm portion and the harness serving
to limit upward swinging of the main body portion.
13. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 12, each of
said levers swinging at least in part generally up and down to
define the range of motion of the corresponding one of the
helmet-engagement surfaces, said helmet-engaging component
including a biasing member coupled to the levers to yieldably bias
the helmet-engagement surfaces upwardly.
14. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 13, said
biasing member including a pair of resilient bands, each of which
is coupled between the harness and a corresponding one of the stop
arm portions to resiliently stretch as the helmet-engagement
surface shifts downwardly along the range of motion.
15. The motion restrictor system as claimed in claim 1, further
comprising: a brake assembly operable to restrict shifting of at
least one of the helmet-engagement surfaces in response to
injurious movement of the helmet.
16. The motion restrictor system as claimed in claim 1, said helmet
opening extending in a fore-and-aft direction to present opposite
fore and aft helmet opening ends, said helmet lower margin
presenting a primary contact region spaced between the helmet
opening ends, said helmet-engaging component including a pair of
laterally spaced apart, fore-and-aft extending helmet-engaging
levers positioned on opposite sides of the neck of the user when
the device is worn, each of said levers presenting a corresponding
one of the helmet-engagement surfaces, said helmet-engaging
component being operable to yieldably bias each of the
helmet-engaging levers toward the lower margin such that contact
with the helmet within the primary contact region is maintained
with at least one of the helmet-engaging levers as the helmet moves
fore-and-aft.
17. The motion restrictor system as claimed in claim 1, said
harness including a back panel dimensioned and configured to be
placed against the back of the user, said harness further including
a breastplate dimensioned and configured to be placed against the
chest of the user, said harness including a pair of flexible
shoulder straps, each of which is attached relative to the back
panel and the breastplate and extends therebetween for placement on
top of a corresponding one of the shoulders of the user.
18. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 17, further
comprising: a pair of flexible below-arm straps interconnecting the
back panel and the breastplate and located below the shoulder
straps to extend below the shoulders of the user.
19. A motion restrictor system wearable by a user, said system
comprising: a protective helmet presenting a helmet lower margin
that defines a lower helmet opening, with the opening receiving a
neck of the user when the helmet is worn, said helmet opening
extending in a fore-and-aft direction to present opposite fore and
aft helmet opening ends, said helmet lower margin presenting a
primary contact region spaced between the helmet opening ends; and
a motion restrictor device wearable with the helmet to reduce the
risk of head or spine injury caused by injurious movement of the
helmet, said motion restrictor device including-- a harness
wearable by the user of the helmet, a helmet-engaging component
supported on the harness, said helmet-engaging component including
a pair of laterally spaced apart, fore-and-aft extending
helmet-engaging levers positioned on opposite sides of the neck of
the user when the device is worn, each of said helmet-engaging
levers being swingable while in contact with the helmet lower
margin as the helmet moves fore-and-aft, said helmet-engaging
component being operable to yieldably bias each of the
helmet-engaging levers toward the lower margin when the device and
helmet are worn, such that contact with the helmet within the
primary contact region is maintained with at least one of the
helmet-engaging levers as the helmet moves fore-and-aft.
20. The motion restrictor system as claimed in claim 19, said
harness presenting laterally spaced apart shoulder-engagement
sections that extend in a fore-and-aft direction along opposite
sides of the helmet opening, with each shoulder-engagement section
being configured for placement on top of a respective shoulder of
the user when the harness is worn, said helmet-engaging levers
pivotally mounted relative to the harness at a pivot and presenting
corresponding laterally spaced apart, fore-and-aft extending
helmet-engagement surfaces, said levers extending along the
fore-and-aft direction from the pivot to present the
helmet-engagement surfaces and to maintain contact with the helmet
as the helmet moves fore-and-aft.
21. The motion restrictor system as claimed in claim 20, said
helmet-engagement surfaces being upwardly convex to maintain
contact with the helmet as the helmet moves fore-and-aft and the
levers swing about the pivot.
22. The motion restrictor system as claimed in claim 20, said
harness presenting a central neck opening which receives the neck
of the user when the harness is worn, said neck opening extending
in the fore-and-aft direction to present opposite fore and aft neck
opening ends; said pivot located closer to a first one of the neck
opening ends than a second one of the neck opening ends, said
levers extending in the fore-and-aft direction from the pivot
toward the second one of the neck opening ends, such that the
helmet-engagement surfaces are positioned over the
shoulder-engagement sections on opposite sides of the neck of the
user when the harness is worn.
23. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 22, said pivot
being located adjacent the aft neck opening end, with the
helmet-engaging levers extending forwardly to position the
helmet-engagement surfaces over the shoulder-engagement
sections.
24. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 23, said
levers extending forwardly beyond the shoulder-engagement
sections.
25. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 23, each of
said helmet-engaging levers being detached from each other so that
the helmet-engagement surfaces are shiftable independently of one
another.
26. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 25, said
helmet-engaging component including a pair of pivots coupled to the
harness, with the pair of pivots including the first-mentioned
pivot.
27. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 26, each of
said levers presenting a main body portion extending forwardly from
a respective one of the pivots to define the corresponding one of
the helmet-engagement surfaces, each of said levers including a
stop-arm portion extending rearwardly from the respective one of
the pivots, each of said stop-arm portions being configured to
contact the harness and thereby limit swinging of the lever.
28. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 27, said main
body portion swinging generally up and down to define a range of
motion of the corresponding one of the helmet-engagement surfaces,
with contact between the stop-arm portion and the harness serving
to limit upward swinging of the main body portion.
29. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 28, each of
said levers swinging at least in part generally up and down to
define the range of motion of the corresponding one of the
helmet-engagement surfaces, said helmet-engaging component
including a biasing member coupled to the levers to yieldably bias
the helmet-engagement surfaces upwardly.
30. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 29, said
biasing member including a pair of resilient bands, each of which
is coupled between the harness and a corresponding one of the stop
arm portions to resiliently stretch as the helmet-engagement
surface shifts downwardly along the range of motion.
31. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 22, said
helmet being positioned relative to the harness so that the primary
contact region at least partly overlaps the neck opening along the
fore-and-aft direction.
32. The motion restrictor system as claimed in claim 19, further
comprising: a brake assembly operable to restrict shifting of at
least one of the helmet-engaging levers in response to injurious
movement of the helmet.
33. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 32, said brake
assembly being activated to stop substantially all shifting of said
at least one of the helmet-engaging levers; and a controller
operable to selectively activate the brake assembly.
34. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 33, said
controller including a sensor operable to generate a signal
representative of an operational parameter, with the signal
exceeding a threshold value when the operational parameter
corresponds to injurious movement of the helmet, said controller
including a processor operably coupled with the sensor and
configured to determine when the signal exceeds the threshold
value.
35. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 34, said brake
assembly including a shiftable brake element that shifts into a
braking position when the brake assembly is activated, said brake
element being coupled to said at least one of the helmet-engaging
levers so that activation of the brake assembly shifts the brake
element into the braking position and thereby stops substantially
all shifting of said at least one of the helmet-engaging levers,
said controller including an actuator operably coupled to the
processor and selectively powered to shift the brake element into
the braking position when the processor determines the signal
exceeds the threshold value, said actuator including a
electromagnet that is energized when the actuator is powered, with
shifting of the brake element being magnetically induced.
36. The motion restrictor system as claimed in claim 19, said
harness including a back panel dimensioned and configured to be
placed against the back of the user, said harness further including
a breastplate dimensioned and configured to be placed against the
chest of the user, said harness including a pair of flexible
shoulder straps, each of which is attached relative to the back
panel and the breastplate and extends therebetween for placement on
top of a corresponding one of the shoulders of the user.
37. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 36, further
comprising: a pair of flexible below-arm straps interconnecting the
back panel and the breastplate and located below the shoulder
straps to extend below the shoulders of the user.
38. The motion restrictor system as claimed in claim 19, said
helmet being positioned relative to the harness so that the primary
contact region at least partly overlaps the harness along the
fore-and-aft direction.
39. A motion restrictor device to be worn with a protective helmet
so as to reduce the risk of head or spine injury caused by
injurious movement of the helmet, said motion restrictor device
comprising: a harness wearable by a user of the helmet; and a
helmet-engaging component supported on the harness, said
helmet-engaging component presenting laterally spaced apart,
fore-and-aft extending helmet-engagement surfaces positioned on
opposite sides of the neck of the user when the device is worn,
said helmet-engaging component being operable to yieldably bias
each of the helmet-engagement surfaces toward the helmet when the
device is worn, such that contact with the helmet is maintained as
the helmet-engagement surface shifts through the range of motion,
said harness including a back panel dimensioned and configured to
be placed against the back of the user, said harness further
including a breastplate dimensioned and configured to be placed
against the chest of the user, said harness including a pair of
flexible shoulder straps, each of which is attached relative to the
back panel and the breastplate and extends therebetween for
placement on top of a corresponding one of the shoulders of the
user.
40. The motion restrictor device as claimed in claim 39, further
comprising: a pair of flexible below-arm straps interconnecting the
back panel and the breastplate and located below the shoulder
straps to extend below the shoulders of the user.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This is a continuation-in-part of prior application Ser. No.
15/007,001, filed Jan. 26, 2016, entitled DEVICE FOR REDUCING HEAD
AND NECK INJURY FOR HELMET WEARER, which claims the benefit of U.S.
Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/107,867, filed Jan. 26, 2015,
entitled DEVICE FOR REDUCING HEAD AND NECK INJURY FOR HELMET
WEARER, both of which are hereby incorporated in their entireties
by reference herein. This application also claims the benefit of
U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/451,534, filed Jan. 27,
2017, entitled DEVICE FOR REDUCING HEAD AND NECK INJURY FOR HELMET
WEARER, which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference
herein.
BACKGROUND
1. Field
[0002] The present invention relates generally to a device operable
to restrict motion of a protective helmet. More specifically,
embodiments of the present invention concern a motion restrictor
device that is designed to reduce the risk of injury caused by
excessive or overly rapid movement of a helmet.
2. Discussion of Prior Art
[0003] Personal protective safety gear has long been used in
connection with various types of physical activity to provide
cushioning and to protect the user from injurious movement as a
result of the activity. For instance, participants in various
vehicular sporting activities have long used safety helmets to
protect the user's head from injurious contact with an exterior
object. Similarly, participants also use protective gear when
taking part in physical sports activities that do not involve a
vehicle (e.g., snow skiing, ice hockey, or football) but can cause
bodily injury to the participant.
[0004] Although helmets provide effective protection against some
injuries, it is also well known for the helmet wearer to don
additional protective gear to limit head and neck injuries. For
instance, it is known for an off-road motorcycle operator to wear a
collar structure that fits on top of the operator's shoulder and
around the operator's neck. This conventional collar is configured
to engage the helmet as the neck flexes and limit the amount of
flexing movement.
[0005] However, this conventional safety gear has various
deficiencies. For instance, conventional helmets and collars lack
sufficient protection when the operator experiences a head-first
collision with an external object. More particularly, conventional
safety gear inadequately restricts compression of the operator's
neck and spine during a head-first collision. Additionally, to the
extent that any prior art safety gear provides some nominal
restriction to compression of the operator's neck and spine, such
equipment excessively restricts the helmet's free range of movement
during normal operation.
SUMMARY
[0006] The following brief summary is provided to indicate the
nature of the subject matter disclosed herein. While certain
aspects of the present invention are described below, the summary
is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0007] Embodiments of the present invention provide a motion
restrictor that does not suffer from the problems and limitations
of prior art safety devices used with helmets.
[0008] A first aspect of the present invention concerns a motion
restrictor device to be worn with a protective helmet so as to
reduce the risk of head or spine injury caused by injurious
movement of the helmet. The motion restrictor device broadly
includes a harness, a helmet-engaging component, and a brake
assembly. The harness is wearable by a user of the helmet. The
helmet-engaging component is supported on the harness. The
helmet-engaging component presents laterally spaced apart,
fore-and-aft extending helmet-engagement surfaces positioned on
opposite sides of the neck of the user when the device is worn.
Each of the helmet-engagement surfaces is configured to shift along
a range of motion while in contact with the helmet as the helmet
moves. The helmet-engaging component is operable to yieldably bias
each of the helmet-engagement surfaces toward the helmet when the
device is worn, such that contact with the helmet is maintained as
the helmet-engagement surface shifts through the range of motion.
The brake assembly is operable to restrict shifting of at least one
of the helmet-engagement surfaces in response to injurious movement
of the helmet.
[0009] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of
concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in
the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify
key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter,
nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed
subject matter. Other aspects and advantages of the present
invention will be apparent from the following detailed description
of the embodiments and the accompanying drawing figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES
[0010] Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in
detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures,
wherein:
[0011] FIG. 1 is a front perspective of a helmet and a motion
restrictor, with the motion restrictor being constructed in
accordance with a first preferred embodiment of the present
invention;
[0012] FIG. 2 is a side elevation of the helmet and motion
restrictor shown in FIG. 1, showing the helmet and motion
restrictor donned by a user in a normally upper position;
[0013] FIG. 3 is an upper rear perspective of the motion restrictor
shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, showing a harness, a helmet-engaging
component, and centrifugal brake assemblies of the motion
restrictor, with the helmet-engaging component including a pair of
levers in an uppermost position adjacent and above the normally
upper position;
[0014] FIG. 4 is a lower rear perspective of the motion restrictor
shown in FIGS. 1-3;
[0015] FIG. 5 is another lower rear perspective of the motion
restrictor shown in FIGS. 1-4;
[0016] FIG. 6 is a fragmentary perspective of the motion restrictor
shown in FIGS. 1-5, showing a spool, connecting strap, and axle of
the centrifugal brake assembly mounted within a brake housing of
the harness, with the centrifugal brake assembly being in a first
position associated with the uppermost position of the levers;
[0017] FIG. 7 is a fragmentary perspective of the motion restrictor
similar to FIG. 6, but taken from the opposite side of the
centrifugal brake assembly to show a brake member assembly mounted
within the housing, with the brake member assembly including a
rotatable frame, pawls, springs, and an annular body, and with the
pawls being in a retracted position;
[0018] FIG. 8 is a side elevation of the centrifugal brake assembly
and brake housing shown in FIGS. 1-7;
[0019] FIG. 9 is a side elevation of the centrifugal brake assembly
and brake housing similar to FIG. 8, but taken from the opposite
side of the centrifugal brake assembly to show the brake member
assembly mounted within the housing;
[0020] FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective of the centrifugal brake
assembly and brake housing shown in FIGS. 1-9;
[0021] FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective of the centrifugal brake
assembly and brake housing similar to FIG. 10, but taken from the
opposite side of the centrifugal brake assembly and brake
housing;
[0022] FIG. 12 is a side elevation of the helmet and motion
restrictor similar to FIG. 2, but showing the helmet shifted
downwardly so that the levers are shifted downwardly from the upper
position to an intermediate position;
[0023] FIG. 13 is a side elevation of the centrifugal brake
assembly and brake housing similar to FIG. 8, but showing the
centrifugal brake assembly in a second position associated with the
intermediate position of the levers, with the connecting strap
being drawn out of the brake housing so that the spool is rotated
in an unwinding direction to a second position;
[0024] FIG. 14 is a side elevation of the centrifugal brake
assembly and brake housing similar to FIG. 9, but showing the brake
member assembly in the second position and the pawls shifted into a
braking position where the pawls engage stops of the annular
body;
[0025] FIG. 15 is a side elevation of the helmet and motion
restrictor similar to FIG. 12, but showing the helmet shifted
downwardly so that the levers are shifted downwardly from the
intermediate position to a lowermost position;
[0026] FIG. 16 is a side elevation of the centrifugal brake
assembly and brake housing similar to FIG. 13, but showing the
centrifugal brake assembly in a third position associated with the
lowermost position of the levers, with the connecting strap being
drawn out of the brake housing so that the spool is rotated in an
unwinding direction from the second position to the third
position;
[0027] FIG. 17 is a side elevation of the centrifugal brake
assembly and brake housing similar to FIG. 14, but showing the
brake member assembly in the third position and the pawls in the
retracted position;
[0028] FIG. 18 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevation of the
motion restrictor shown in FIGS. 1-17, showing the levers in a
stored position adjacent the lowermost position, with a catch of
the levers projecting downwardly into shoulder plates of the
harness;
[0029] FIG. 19 is a cross section of the motion restrictor taken
along line 19-19 in FIG. 18, showing a latch of the harness that
engages the catch and thereby secures the lever in the stored
position;
[0030] FIG. 20 is a cross section of the motion restrictor taken
along line 20-20 in FIG. 18, showing the latch received by a slot
of the catch;
[0031] FIG. 21 is a fragmentary schematic view of the motion
restrictor shown in FIGS. 1-20, showing a computing device operably
coupled to a sensor and to electromagnets of the brake member
assembly;
[0032] FIG. 22 is a side elevation of a helmet and motion
restrictor constructed in accordance with a second preferred
embodiment of the present invention, showing a harness,
helmet-engaging component, and centrifugal brake assemblies of the
motion restrictor, with the helmet-engaging component including a
pair of flexible leaf spring elements in an upper position; and
[0033] FIG. 23 is a side elevation of the helmet and motion
restrictor similar to FIG. 22, but showing the leaf spring elements
flexed downwardly by the helmet, with a strap of one of the
centrifugal brake assemblies being unwound from the spool;
[0034] FIG. 24 is a fragmentary side elevation of the helmet and
motion restrictor shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, showing the helmet and
motion restrictor donned by a wearer and the helmet in a reference
helmet orientation, where the spine assumes a normal unflexed
curvature;
[0035] FIG. 25 is a fragmentary side elevation of the helmet and
motion restrictor similar to FIG. 24, but showing the wearer's neck
in flexion and the helmet rotated forwardly to define a helmet
angle relative to the reference helmet orientation;
[0036] FIG. 26 is a fragmentary side elevation of the helmet and
motion restrictor similar to FIG. 24, but showing the wearer's neck
in extension and the helmet rotated rearwardly to define a helmet
angle relative to the reference helmet orientation;
[0037] FIG. 27 is a bottom view of the helmet shown in FIGS. 1, 2,
and 24-26;
[0038] FIG. 28 is a fragmentary side elevation of a helmet and
motion restrictor constructed in accordance with a third preferred
embodiment of the present invention, with the helmet being
identical to the helmet shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 24-27, and showing
the helmet and motion restrictor donned by a wearer and the helmet
in a reference helmet orientation, where the spine assumes a normal
unflexed curvature;
[0039] FIG. 29 is a fragmentary side elevation of the helmet and
motion restrictor similar to FIG. 28, but showing the wearer's neck
in flexion and the helmet rotated forwardly to define a helmet
angle relative to the reference helmet orientation;
[0040] FIG. 30 is a fragmentary side elevation of the helmet and
motion restrictor similar to FIG. 28, but showing the wearer's neck
in extension and the helmet rotated rearwardly to define a helmet
angle relative to the reference helmet orientation,
[0041] FIG. 31 is a front perspective of a helmet and motion
restrictor constructed in accordance with a fourth preferred
embodiment of the present invention, showing a harness with forward
and aft sections connected by shoulder straps and below-arm straps;
and
[0042] FIG. 32 is a rear perspective of the helmet and motion
restrictor shown in FIG. 31.
[0043] The drawing figures do not limit the present invention to
the specific embodiments disclosed and described herein. The
drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being
placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the preferred
embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0044] Turning initially to FIGS. 1 and 2, a motion restrictor 30
is constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the
present invention. The motion restrictor 30 is configured to be
worn by a user P to control the movement of a helmet H when the
helmet H is exposed to excessive acceleration and/or external
force. More particularly, the motion restrictor 30 is configured to
decelerate and stop the helmet H in response to excessive
acceleration and/or external force, particularly when the
acceleration or force could lead to injury of the user. For
instance, the motion restrictor 30 is configured to be worn by the
user P when the user P wears the helmet H while riding a vehicle
(e.g., an off-road vehicle such as a bicycle, motorcycle, all
terrain vehicle (ATV), automobile, etc.). It will be appreciated by
those of ordinary skill in the art that the user P can be exposed
to excessive acceleration and/or external forces when the vehicle
(not shown) travels over terrain that is undulating or rough, or
includes various obstacles (such as a ridge, gulley, terrace, rock,
brush, snow, mud, etc.), or during a crash of the vehicle.
[0045] However, the principles of the present invention are
applicable for a user P who participates in an another type of
physical activity while wearing a helmet, particularly where the
activity involves some risk of bodily injury to the user P. For
instance, various features of the present invention are applicable
where the user P wears a helmet and participates in a sporting
activity other than riding a vehicle, such as snow skiing, ice
hockey, or football.
[0046] As will be discussed, the motion restrictor 30 is preferably
configured to decelerate and stop the helmet H and control helmet
motion without being a continuous or permanent connection to the
helmet H. The motion restrictor 30 preferably includes a harness
32, a helmet-engaging component 34, centrifugal brake assemblies
36, and an electronic controller 38.
[0047] The helmet H comprises a conventional motorcycle safety
helmet that is donned by the user P to cover and protect the user's
head (not shown). In the usual manner, the helmet H serves to
restrict an external object from directly contacting the user's
head. Furthermore, the helmet H generally distributes and dampens
an external force applied to the helmet H.
[0048] The helmet H includes a continuous shell 40 that presents a
face opening (not shown), a lowermost margin 42 at the bottom of
the shell 40, and a lower helmet opening 43 defined by the
lowermost margin 42 (see FIGS. 2, 24, and 27). The helmet H also
includes an adjustable visor 44 that is shiftable into and out of a
covering position (see FIG. 1) where the visor 44 covers the face
opening.
[0049] However, it is within the scope of the present invention
where an alternative helmet is worn by the user P and used in
connection with the motion restrictor 30.
[0050] Turning to FIGS. 1-5, the harness 32 is configured to
support and position the motion restrictor 30 relative to the
user's head when the motion restrictor 30 is donned by the user P.
The harness 32 also preferably serves to limit at least some
movement of the helmet H. For instance, the harness 32 is
preferably configured to engage the helmet H during excessive neck
extension. The harness 32 preferably includes forward and aft
sections 46 and 48, respectively, that are removably connected to
one another. In the illustrated embodiment, the sections 46,48
cooperatively form a relatively rigid and substantially continuous
collar 50 to surround the neck of the user P. The harness 32 also
preferably includes a centrifugal brake housing 51 and a locking
retainer assembly 52.
[0051] The illustrated aft section 48 preferably includes a back
panel 54 and a shoulder support 56 that are integrally formed with
one another to define a unitary and generally rigid structure. The
back panel 54 presents upper and lower margins 58 and 60 (see FIG.
2) and has a generally upright structure that extends between the
upper and lower margins 58 and 60. The back panel 54 presents a
generally upright and forward-facing back positioning surface 62
(see FIG. 1) that is configured to contact and extend vertically
along the user's back B. However, it will be appreciated that the
harness 32 could include an alternative structure to engage and
position the harness 32 relative to the back B.
[0052] The shoulder support 56 is unitary and preferably includes
an aft plate 64 and shoulder plates 66a,b (see FIG. 3). The aft
plate 64 projects generally rearwardly from the upper margin 58 of
the back panel 54. The shoulder plates 66 project forwardly from
the aft plate 64 and the upper margin 58 of the back panel 54 and
are configured for placement on top of the user's shoulders S.
[0053] The aft plate 64 is preferably curved to define a generally
concave shaped upper stop surface 68 (see FIG. 3). When the harness
32 is donned by the user P, the stop surface 68 is operable engage
the helmet H during excessive neck extension by the user P. That
is, the stop surface 68 preferably serves to limit the amount of
neck extension by the user P.
[0054] However, it will be appreciated that the aft plate 64 could
be alternatively configured without departing from the scope of the
present invention.
[0055] Turning to FIGS. 1-5 and 18, the shoulder plates 66a,b are
each elongated and include female connectors 70 that define
forwardmost ends of the aft plate 64. The female connectors 70 each
include tabs 72 that cooperatively define a slot 74 and present
holes 76 (see FIGS. 3 and 18). Each shoulder plate 66 presents
upper and lower surfaces 78 and 80 (see FIG. 18). Each shoulder
plate 66 also presents a lateral socket 82 and an upright slot 84
that intersect one another (see FIGS. 18-20). As will be discussed,
the socket 82 is configured to operably receive the retainer
assembly 52.
[0056] When the harness 32 is donned by the user P, the shoulder
plates 66 are configured to rest on the user's shoulders S so that
the lower surfaces 80 are engaged with the shoulders S. However,
the harness 32 could include an alternative structure to engage and
position the harness 32 relative to the shoulders S.
[0057] Turning to FIGS. 18-20, each retainer assembly 52 preferably
includes a latch 86 and a pair of springs 88 mounted alongside one
another in the socket 82. The latch 86 includes a latch body 90, a
tab 92, and a tooth 94. The latch body 90 and tooth 94
cooperatively define a downward-facing slot 96.
[0058] The latch 86 is removably retained in the socket 82 with
threaded fasteners 98. The latch 86 is slidable within the socket
82 along a lateral direction between a latched position (see FIGS.
19 and 20) and an unlatched position (see FIGS. 3-5). The springs
88 are configured and positioned to bias the latch 86 into the
unlatched position. The springs 88 also permit the latch 86 to be
shifted toward the latched position by pushing the tab 92 in an
inboard direction. As will be discussed, the retainer assemblies 52
are configured to removably engage the helmet-engaging component
34.
[0059] The back panel 54 and shoulder support 56 of the aft section
48 preferably include a synthetic resin material. More preferably,
the back panel 54 and shoulder support 56 include a carbon fiber
composite material having carbon fiber. While not shown, the aft
section 48 also preferably includes a metal framework around which
the composite material is formed. Such metal components can include
carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, and/or titanium. It is
within the ambit of the present invention for the aft section 48 to
alternatively include one or more types of synthetic resin
materials and/or one or more types of metal materials.
[0060] Turning again to FIGS. 1-5 and 18, the forward section 46
preferably comprises a unitary structure that includes a
breastplate 100 and male connectors 102. The forward section 46
presents a chest positioning surface 104 that is configured to
contact and extend vertically along the user's chest C. The male
connectors 102 define aft ends of the forward section 46. Each male
connector 102 includes tabs 106 that are positioned adjacent to one
another and cooperatively define a slot 108. The male connector 102
also includes studs 110 (see FIG. 18) integrally formed with the
tabs 106. Although the forward section 46 preferably has a unitary
frame construction suitable to engage the user's chest C, the
forward section could have a segmented construction that is
relatively more flexible. For instance, an alternative breastplate
could include a pair of breastplate segments positioned on opposite
lateral sides of the chest C and connected by one or more flexible
webbing straps that permit the segments to flex relative to one
another (e.g., about a vertical axis).
[0061] The forward section 46 preferably includes a synthetic resin
material. More preferably, the forward section 46 includes a carbon
fiber composite material having carbon fiber. While not shown, the
forward section 46 also preferably includes a metal framework
around which the composite material is formed. Such metal
components can include carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum,
and/or titanium. It is within the ambit of the present invention
where the forward section 46 includes one or more types of
synthetic resin materials and/or one or more types of metal
materials.
[0062] The forward section 46 is removably attached to the aft
section 48 by inserting the male connectors 102 within the slots 74
presented by the female connectors 70. The male connectors 102 are
removably attached by fitting the studs 110 within corresponding
ones of the holes 76 to form a joint 112 (see FIGS. 1 and 2). In
particular, the tabs 106 of male connectors 102 can be yieldably
flexed toward each other, into a flexed position (see FIG. 18), to
permit insertion of the male connector 102 within the female
connector 70. Once the studs 110 are aligned with holes 76, the
tabs 106 are permitted to move away from each other, and out of the
flexed position, so that the studs 110 engage the holes 76.
Specifically, the yieldable flexing of the tabs 106 in the flexed
position urges the tabs 106 to move out of the flexed position.
[0063] When attached to one another, the back panel 54, shoulder
plates 66, and breastplate 100 cooperatively define the collar 50.
The collar 50 presents a central neck opening 114 configured to
receive the neck N of the user P. The neck opening extends in the
fore-and-aft direction to present opposite fore and aft neck
opening ends 114a,114b (see FIG. 3). The collar 50 preferably
extends endlessly about the neck opening 114. However, the harness
32 could be alternatively configured to define the neck opening 114
without departing from the scope of the present invention. For
example, in regard to some aspects of the present invention, the
collar need not be continuous, with one or more of the panel and
plates including spaced apart sections or being wholly removed.
[0064] The harness 32 also preferably includes a pair of webbing
straps (not shown) to interconnect the sections 46,48.
Specifically, the straps are attached to corresponding side margins
116 of the back panel 54. When secured, the straps extend generally
horizontally and in a forward direction from the back panel 54 for
removable attachment to corresponding side margins 118 of the
forward section 46.
[0065] The straps are sized and configured to snugly secure the
harness 32 on the user P while restricting harness movement
relative to the user P. For instance, the straps serve to restrict
upward movement of the harness 32. In particular, the straps are
sized and configured to flex the forward section 46 and/or aft
section 48 so that the forward section 46 moves toward the back
panel 54. Generally, each strap passes between a corresponding arm
of the user P and the user's torso so that the strap passes below
the user's armpit. However, it will be appreciated that the harness
32 could have alternative structure to restrict the harness 32 from
moving relative to the user P. In addition, the harness 32 may
alternatively be devoid of any stops or other tie-down structure,
such that the collar simply rests on the user P.
[0066] The harness 32 is preferably configured for convenient and
efficient donning and removal by the user P. To don the harness 32,
the sections 46,48 can be entirely detached from each other to
permit free movement of the sections 46,48 independently of each
other. With the sections 46,48 detached, the user P can position
the sections 46,48 adjacent to one another and along opposite sides
of the neck N. Each male connector 102 of the forward section 46
can then be brought into engagement with a corresponding one of the
female connectors 70 of the aft section 48. The male connectors 102
can be engaged with the female connectors 70 simultaneously or one
at a time.
[0067] The harness 32 can be alternatively donned by initially
engaging one of the male connectors 102 with the corresponding one
of the female connectors 70. With one pair of male and female
connectors 102,70 attached to each other, the joint 112 preferably
acts as a hinge that permits relative rotational movement between
the male and female connectors 102,70 and, consequently, the
forward and aft sections 46,48. With the one pair of male and
female connectors 102,70 attached to each other, the sections 46,48
cooperatively define an open passage (not shown) that provides
access to the neck opening 114. The sections 46,48 can be swung
relative to each other to selectively increase or decrease the size
of the open passage.
[0068] To don the harness 32 with one pair of connectors attached,
the sections 46,48 are swung so that the neck N of user P can move
through the open passage. With the neck N received in the neck
opening 114, the other pair of male and female connectors 102,70
can be swung toward each other to close the open passage. The male
and female connectors 102,70 can then be engaged to secure the
harness 32 around the user's neck N.
[0069] The principles of the present invention are equally
applicable for use with an alternative harness construction. For
instance, the harness 32 could be configured to for mounting in an
alternative position on the user's torso (e.g., where harness
components other than the straps extend about the torso below the
shoulders S).
[0070] Turning to FIGS. 1-5 and 18-20, the helmet-engaging
component 34 of the motion restrictor 30 is configured to engage
the helmet H and to decelerate and stop the helmet H in response to
an injurious level of helmet movement. As will be discussed, the
component 34 preferably presents laterally spaced apart,
fore-and-aft extending helmet-engagement surfaces 120 positioned on
opposite sides of the neck N of the user P when the motion
restrictor 30 is donned. Furthermore, the component 34 is
configured so that the helmet-engagement surfaces 120 can shift
along a range of motion while in contact with the helmet H as the
helmet H moves. To keep the surfaces 120 in contact with the helmet
H, the component 34 is configured to yieldably bias each of the
helmet-engagement surfaces 120 toward the helmet when the motion
restrictor 30 is donned. As a result, the surfaces 120 are
maintained in contact with the helmet H as they shift through the
range of motion.
[0071] Importantly, the motion restrictor 30 preferably contacts
the helmet H and decelerates the helmet H without being permanently
or continuously connected to the helmet H. More particularly, the
component 34 contacts the helmet H and controls helmet movement
while being otherwise disconnected from the helmet H. The
illustrated component 34 preferably includes a pair of levers 122,
resilient bands 124, and pins 126 (see FIGS. 6-8).
[0072] The illustrated levers 122 and other components related to
the levers 122 (such as components associated with the brake
assemblies 36) are provided in pairs, which are generally a mirror
image of one another and include similar features. Thus, when
referring to the pair of levers 122 and the pairs of related
components, only one of the pair of components will generally be
described in detail, with the understanding that the other one of
the components is similarly constructed.
[0073] The lever 122 is configured to be brought into abutting
engagement with the helmet H, with the corresponding surface being
yieldably biased toward the helmet H. Each lever 122 has a unitary
construction and preferably includes a lever body 128 and a
stop-arm 130.
[0074] The lever body 128 preferably includes a helmet-contacting
upstanding wall 132, a helmet-contacting lateral wall 134 that
projects inwardly from upstanding wall, and a depending wall 136
that projects downwardly from the lateral wall 134 (see FIGS. 19
and 20).
[0075] The upstanding wall 132 and lateral wall 134 present,
respectively, an upstanding surface portion 138 of the
helmet-engagement surface 120 and a lateral surface portion 140 of
the helmet-engagement surface 120 (see FIGS. 19 and 20). The
depending wall 136 presents a depending surface portion 142 (see
FIGS. 19 and 20). The surface 120 is configured to slidably contact
the helmet H. Preferably, the surface 120 includes a low friction
coating 144 (see FIGS. 19 and 20), which enhances relative sliding
between the surface 120 and helmet H. The coating 144 may be formed
of any suitable material, such as Teflon.RTM.. The depending
surface portion 142 also preferably includes the low friction
coating 144.
[0076] The lateral wall 134 is preferably curved so that the
lateral surface portion 140 has a curvilinear upwardly convex
shape. The lateral wall 134 is elongated and presents a
longitudinal axis that extends generally fore and aft. The lateral
wall 134 presents a forwardmost anterior margin 146 and a rearmost
posterior margin 148 (see FIG. 18). The lateral wall 134 extends
laterally to present a medial (i.e., innermost) edge 150 and a
lateral (i.e., outermost) edge 152 (see FIGS. 19 and 20).
[0077] The upstanding wall 132 projects upwardly from the lateral
edge 152 and presents a variable wall height dimension D1 (see FIG.
18). More preferably, the wall height dimension D1 along a
forwardmost portion of the upstanding wall 132 tapers toward the
anterior margin 146. The tapered shape of the forwardmost portion
permits the user P to rotate the user's head and helmet H about the
upright axis of the neck N and restricts interference between the
helmet H and the lever 122 during such rotation. Moreover, the
forwardmost portion acts as a cam as the head is turned. More
particularly, as the user's head turns to the side, the lower
margin of the helmet H slidably engages the forwardmost portion of
the upstanding wall 132 and moves the lever 122 downwardly.
However, it is within the ambit of the present invention where the
upstanding wall 132 is alternatively shaped (e.g., to permit a free
range of sliding and/or rotational helmet movement). Yet further,
as will be shown in a subsequent embodiment, the helmet-engaging
component could be devoid of an upstanding wall.
[0078] The depending wall 136 projects downwardly from the medial
edge 150. The depending wall 136 preferably allows the user's neck
N to contact the lever 122 and restricts neck discomfort and/or
injury during such contact. While not being preferred, the
depending wall 136 could possibly come into contact with the helmet
H if the lowermost margin 42 slips below the lateral wall 134. In
such an event, the low friction coating 144 permits the helmet H to
easily slide upwardly relative to the lever body 128 for
repositioning in sliding engagement with the lateral surface
portion 140 and/or upstanding surface portion 138.
[0079] The lever body 128 also preferably includes a catch 154 that
depends from the lateral wall 134 and presents a catch opening 156
(see FIGS. 18 and 20). As will be explained, the retainer assembly
52 is configured to removably engage the catch 154 and thereby
releasably retain the lever 122 in a stored position.
[0080] In the preferred embodiment, the stop-arm 130 is integrally
formed with the lever body 128 and connects the lever body 128 to
the respective centrifugal brake assembly 36 and control lever
movement. The stop-arms 130 each preferably include a pair of plate
sections 130a (see FIGS. 4 and 5) that are positioned alongside
each other in a generally parallel relationship. The stop-arms 130
also include a connection pin 160 (see FIGS. 4-9) that connects the
plate sections 130a to each other. As will be discussed, the
connection pin 160 is preferably drivingly coupled to the
centrifugal brake assembly 36.
[0081] The illustrated levers 122 are pivotally mounted to the
harness 32 at pivots 162 to swing through a range of positions. As
a result, each lever 122 permits the respective helmet-engagement
surface 120 to swing through a corresponding range of motion in
which the helmet H remains in contact with the surface 120.
[0082] The harness 32 preferably includes lugs 164 that are formed
with and project upwardly adjacent to an aft margin 166 of the
shoulder support 56 (see FIGS. 3 and 18). The lugs 164 are
positioned on opposite sides of the neck opening 114. The lugs 164
are pivotally connected to the lever 122 with a pivot pin 168 (see
FIGS. 3 and 18). When mounted to the harness 32, the lever body 128
projects forwardly from the pivot 162 and is generally positioned
above the shoulder plate 66 of the harness 32. The stop-arms 130
project rearwardly and downwardly from the pivot 162 and extend
through slots 170 presented by the aft section 48 (see FIG. 3).
[0083] The pivots 162 are preferably located adjacent to the aft
margin 166 of the harness 32. However, the pivots 162 could be
positioned at a forward margin 174 (see FIG. 2) of the harness 32
or at a location between the forward and aft margins 174,166.
[0084] Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the pivots 162 are preferably
located adjacent the aft neck opening end 114b. The levers 122
generally extend from the pivots 162 toward the fore neck opening
end 114a. The pivots could also be spaced from the aft neck opening
end 114b in an alternative position where the pivots are closer to
the aft neck opening end 114b than the fore neck opening end 114a.
Furthermore, it is also within the ambit of the present invention
where the pivots are located closer to the fore neck opening end
114a and extend from the pivots toward the aft neck opening end
114b.
[0085] The illustrated helmet-engagement surfaces 120, are
preferably located on opposite sides of the neck opening 114.
Furthermore, the preferred helmet-engagement surfaces 120 are each
positioned outboard from the neck opening 114 in opposite lateral
directions. However, the surfaces 120 could be alternatively
positioned without departing from the scope of the present
invention.
[0086] As will be discussed, the levers 122 each present a
corresponding surface 120. The levers 122 are preferably configured
to operate independently of one another so that one lever 122 can
move and decelerate the helmet H independently of the other lever
122. However, the motion restrictor 30 could have an alternative
structure to engage the helmet H.
[0087] For instance, the motion restrictor 30 could have a single
helmet-engaging component that extends along both sides of the neck
opening 114 to present the helmet-engagement surfaces. More
particularly, it is within the ambit of certain aspects of the
present invention to utilize a single lever pivotally mounted at
the forward or aft margin of the harness. Also, for an alternative
single lever configuration, the lever body could be variously
shaped to provide oppositely spaced helmet-engagement surfaces. For
instance, the lever body could have a generally U-shaped structure
or could have a generally endless structure with a neck opening
(e.g., an elliptically-shaped lever body).
[0088] The lever 122 is configured to swing so that the lever body
128 moves into and out of an uppermost position (see FIGS. 3-5)
where the lever body 128 and helmet-engagement surface 120 are
swung to an uppermost limit of the range of motion. In the
uppermost position, the connection pin 160 preferably engages the
housing 51 of the harness 32 to restrict further upward swinging of
the lever body 128 and the corresponding surface 120. As will be
discussed, the band 124 is preferably configured to interconnect
the lever 122 and the brake assembly 36 and to urge the lever 122
into the uppermost position.
[0089] When the helmet H and motion restrictor 30 are donned by the
user P and the user's neck is in a normally relaxed and upright
position, the lever body 128 preferably engages the helmet H and is
shifted downwardly into a normal upper position (see FIGS. 1 and 2)
immediately adjacent to and below the uppermost position.
[0090] Similarly, the lever 122 is configured to swing so that the
lever body 128 moves into and out of a lowermost position (see FIG.
15) where the lever body 128 and helmet-engagement surface 120 are
swung to a lowermost limit of the range of motion. In the lowermost
position, the lever body 128 preferably engages the shoulder plate
66 to restrict further downward swinging of the lever body 128 and
the corresponding surface 120.
[0091] While the lever 122 is preferably mounted to pivot between
the uppermost and lowermost positions, the lever 122 could be
shiftably mounted in an alternative manner without departing from
the spirit of the present invention. For instance, the
helmet-engaging component 34 could include a helmet-engaging body
that is slidably connected to the harness 32 with a nonpivoting
connection (so that the helmet-engaging body slides along an
upright direction). As will be shown in a subsequent embodiment,
the helmet-engaging component 34 could also flex to permit the
desired movement of the helmet-engagement surfaces 120.
[0092] The levers 122 preferably include a synthetic resin
material. More preferably, the levers 122 include a carbon fiber
composite material having carbon fiber. While not shown, the levers
122 also preferably include a metal framework around which the
composite material is formed. Such metal components can include
carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, and/or titanium. It is
within the ambit of the present invention where the lever includes
one or more alternative types of synthetic resin materials and/or
one or more alternative types of metal materials.
[0093] The lever 122 is preferably configured so that the lever
body 128 and stop-arm 130 can flex slightly relative to one another
about the lateral axis of the pivot 162. The lever 122 is
configured to have some limited flexibility or "give" when the
brake assembly 36 is engaged and a load is applied to the
helmet-engagement surface 120. The limited flexibility of the lever
122 enables the lever 122 to absorb at least some of the load
applied to the helmet-engagement surface 120.
[0094] Again, the lever 122 permits the helmet-engagement surface
120 to swing through a range of motion where the helmet H can
remain in contact with the surface 120. The motion restrictor 30 is
preferably configured so that the helmet H can remain in contact
with the helmet-engagement surface 120 and slide along the lateral
surface portion 140 and/or the upright surface portion 138
throughout the entire range of motion of the surface 120. However,
for some aspects of the present invention, the full extent of
surface motion may be greater than the range of motion through
which the helmet H can contact the lateral surface portion 140.
[0095] Again, while the levers 122 are in contact with the helmet
H, the motion restrictor 30 is preferably configured to decelerate
the helmet H and control helmet motion without requiring a
permanent or continuous connection with the helmet H. That is,
other than the sliding contact, the levers 122 are preferably
disconnected from the helmet H.
[0096] Each lever 122 is preferably configured to be removably
secured in a stored position (see FIGS. 18-20) adjacent to the
lowermost position. In the illustrated embodiment, this is
accomplished by a corresponding one of the retainer assemblies 52.
More particularly, in the stored position, the catch 154 of each
lever 122 extends downwardly through the slot 84 in the shoulder
plate 66. At the same time, the latch 86 extends through the catch
opening 156 and engages the catch 154 (see FIGS. 19 and 20).
[0097] The lever 122 is secured in the stored position by initially
shifting the lever 122 into the lowermost position. While the lever
122 is held downwardly in the lowermost position, the tab 92 of the
latch 86 can be pressed (e.g., by user P) to shift the latch 86
laterally. Specifically, the latch 86 is shifted so that the tooth
94 is inserted through the catch opening 156 and the latch 86 is
moved laterally into the latched position (see FIGS. 19 and 20).
The lever 122 is then released so that the lever body 128 moves
slightly upwardly. As a result, the catch 154 moves upwardly into
engagement with the slot 96 by the lever 122 so that the lever 122
assumes the stored position (see FIGS. 19 and 20).
[0098] Engagement between the latch 86 and the catch 154 restricts
the lever body 128 from shifting upwardly relative to the harness
32 and restricts the catch 154 from shifting laterally out of the
latched position. Consequently, the lever 122 is removably retained
in the stored position adjacent the harness 32 by removable
engagement between the latch 86 and the catch 154.
[0099] The lever 122 can be released from the stored position by
shifting the lever body 128 downwardly toward the lowermost
position until the catch 154 is disengaged from the slot 96 of the
latch 86. With the catch 154 disengaged, the springs 88 urge the
latch 86 to shift laterally out of the catch opening 156 and into
the unlatched position.
[0100] While the illustrated helmet-engaging component 34 is
preferred, various aspects of the component 34 could be altered
without departing from the scope of the present invention (e.g.,
while providing helmet-engagement surfaces similar to surfaces
120). For instance, as will be disclosed in a subsequent
embodiment, the helmet-engaging component could have a yieldably
flexible structure that presents a pair of helmet-engagement
surfaces on opposite sides of the neck opening.
[0101] Turning to FIGS. 6-11, in the illustrated embodiment, each
centrifugal brake assembly 36 provides a preferred braking
mechanism that restricts shifting a corresponding one of the
helmet-engagement surfaces 120 along the range of motion in
response to injurious movement of the helmet H. Each illustrated
brake assembly 36 is operably received by the housing 51 and
preferably includes an axle 176, spool 178, connecting strap 180,
and brake member assembly 182.
[0102] The centrifugal brake housing 51 preferably comprises a
generally rigid structure that supports and encloses the brake
assembly 36. The housing 51 is preferably fixed to a rear surface
184 (see FIG. 3) of the back panel 54.
[0103] The illustrated housing 51 preferably includes an
intermediate body 186 and opposite end covers 188 secured to the
body 186 with fasteners 189 (see FIGS. 10 and 11). The body 186
presents an interior surface 190 that extends continuously through
the body 186 to define a receiver 192. The body 186 also presents
opposed margins 194 that define a slotted opening 196 (see FIGS. 6
and 8). As will be discussed, the slotted opening 196 permits the
strap 180 and band 124 to extend into and out of the receiver 192.
The body 186 also presents exterior slots 198 (see FIG. 8) located
adjacent to the slotted opening 196.
[0104] The end covers 188 are each unitary and present a central
axle opening 200. The end covers 188 support bushings 202 that are
removably received by the axle openings 200 (see FIGS. 10 and
11).
[0105] The housing 51 further includes a strap roller 204 that is
rotatably supported by an elongated roller pin 206.
[0106] The axle 176 is rotatably mounted in the housing 51 to
support the brake member assembly 182 and the spool 178 for
rotational movement. The axle 176 is unitary and includes opposite
axle ends 208a,b (see FIGS. 6, 7, 10, and 11) and a splined portion
210 between the ends 208. The splined portion 210 (see FIG. 11) has
a generally square cross-sectional shape and is configured to
engage the brake member assembly 182. The axle end 208b presents a
relief slot 212 (see FIGS. 7 and 11) operable to receive electrical
wires, as will be discussed.
[0107] The spool 178 preferably includes a hub 214 and a disc-like
flange 216 fixed to one another. The spool 178 also includes a
keeper 218 removably attached to the hub 214 with threaded
fasteners 220 (see FIGS. 6, 8, 10, and 11).
[0108] The spool 178 is mounted on and fixed to the axle 176 so
that the spool 178 and axle 176 rotate as a single component within
the housing 51. The spool 178 is located with the flange 216
adjacent to the splined portion 210. As will be discussed, the
spool 178 is operable to rotate in a strap winding direction W and
a strap unwinding direction U (see FIG. 8).
[0109] The connecting strap 180 serves to drivingly connect the
lever 122 and the spool 178 to one another. The illustrated strap
180 comprises a unitary piece of flexible webbing material and
presents a lever end 180a and a spool end 180b. The strap 180 is
wrapped around the keeper 218 so that the spool end 180b is
captured between the hub 214 and the keeper 218. The lever end 180a
is attached to the lever 122 by the connection pin 160.
[0110] When mounted to the spool 178 and the lever 122, the strap
180 passes through the slotted opening 196 and extends partly
around the roller 204 (see FIGS. 6 and 8).
[0111] As the surface 120 moves downwardly from the uppermost
position, the lever 122 pivots so as to pull the strap 180
rearwardly. This movement causes the strap 180 to move out of the
receiver 192 and unwind from the spool 178. As a result, the spool
178 rotates in the unwinding direction U. The unwinding of the
spool 178 produces a rotational spool velocity.
[0112] Similarly, as the spool 178 is spun in the winding direction
W to wind the strap 180 onto the hub 214, the spool 178 generally
draws the lever end 180a forwardly. This movement causes the lever
122 to pivot so that the surface 120 moves upwardly toward the
uppermost position.
[0113] Although the spool 178 and lever 122 are preferably
interconnected by the flexible webbing material, the brake assembly
36 could have an alternative flexible element. For instance, the
brake assembly 36 could use a flexible wire, rope, cable, or chain
in place of the connecting strap 180.
[0114] Each brake member assembly 182 preferably operates as a
braking mechanism for the motion restrictor 30. As will be
explained, according to one aspect of the invention, the brake
member assembly 182 is configured to be engaged when a brake
element thereof exceeds a predetermined threshold value of
rotational velocity. Engagement of the brake member assembly 182
preferably serves to stop spool rotation. However, as will be
discussed, the brake member assembly 182 could alternatively or
additionally be configured to decelerate the rotational velocity of
the spool 178. The brake member assembly 182 preferably includes a
removable annular body 222, a rotatable frame 224, pawls 226,
keepers 228, and springs 230 (see FIGS. 7 and 9-11).
[0115] The annular body 222 is configured to be engaged by the
pawls 226 and preferably comprises a unitary structure. The annular
body 222 preferably includes an endless ring portion 232 and
oppositely spaced male protrusions 234 that extend outwardly from
the ring portion 232 (see FIG. 9). The annular body 222 also
preferably includes a plurality of stops 236 that are arranged in a
circular pattern and circumferentially spaced apart from one
another. The stops 236 extend radially inwardly from the ring
portion 232, with each pair of adjacent stops 236 defining a notch
238 therebetween (see FIG. 9).
[0116] The notches 238 are configured to receive one of the pawls
226 when the brake member assembly 182 is engaged. As will be
discussed, the pawls 226 can engage one or more of the stops 236 to
provide braking of the brake member assembly 182. In the
illustrated embodiment, the stops 236 are preferably engaged by the
pawls 226 to stop rotation of the spool 178 without being fractured
or severed by the pawls 226.
[0117] However, the annular body 222 could be alternatively
configured to provide load absorption structure. For instance, an
alternative annular body could include multiple alternative stops
spaced along the ring portion and configured as breakaway elements.
That is, the alternative stops could be configured to be fractured
and severed by pawls to decelerate the spool by absorbing the load
applied to the surfaces 120. Preferred features of several
alternative annular bodies with breakaway elements are disclosed in
detail in in U.S. Publication No. 2013/0205480, published Aug. 15,
2013, entitled ENERGY DISSIPATING BREAKAWAY ASSEMBLY FOR PROTECTIVE
HELMET, which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference
herein.
[0118] The annular body 222 preferably includes a metallic material
that restricts the stops 236 from being fractured or severed by the
pawl 226. However, the annular body 222 could include an
alternative material (e.g., for providing suitable braking
performance).
[0119] The annular body 222 is removably positioned in the receiver
192. The annular body 222 is inserted by aligning the protrusions
234 with corresponding female slots 240 in the housing 51. The
annular body 222 can then be moved to a position adjacent the spool
178. Engagement between the protrusions 234 and the slots 240
restricts the annular body 222 from rotating within the housing
51.
[0120] The annular body 222 is preferably removable from the
housing 51. However, the principles of the present invention are
applicable where the annular body 222 is fixed to the housing 51
(e.g., where the stops 236 are integrally formed with the housing
51).
[0121] Additional features of alternative annular bodies, including
removable and nonremovable bodies, are disclosed in the
above-incorporated '480 publication.
[0122] The rotatable frame 224 is operable to be rotatably received
by the housing 51 and is configured to spin relative to the annular
body 222. The frame 224 preferably includes a frame body 242 that
receives a pair of electromagnets 244 (see FIGS. 9-11). The
electromagnets 244 are secured in chambers 245 presented by the
frame body 242 with keepers 228 (see FIGS. 9-11). The
electromagnets 244 each include a wire coil that surrounds a core
and is integrally formed with wire leads 244a. As will be
discussed, the electromagnets 244 comprise part of the electronic
controller 38, which provides an alternative and/or additional
means for actuating the brake assembly 36.
[0123] The frame body 242 is unitary and presents a central opening
246 to receive the axle 176. The central opening 246 includes a
square socket that is sized and configured to receive the splined
portion 210 of the axle 176. The frame body 242 also includes a
pair of lugs 248, each of which presents a pawl seat 250 (see FIGS.
10 and 11).
[0124] The illustrated pawls 226 are generally identical to one
another and each preferably includes an arm 252 and a permanent
magnet 254 fixed within the arm 252 (see FIGS. 10 and 11). The
pawls 226 are pivotally mounted to the pawl seats 250 with pivot
pins 256 (see FIG. 9). The pawls 226 are operable to swing radially
outwardly from a retracted position (see FIGS. 7 and 9) to a
braking position (see FIG. 14) to engage one of the stops 236 when
the brake assembly 36 is activated.
[0125] The rotatable frame 224 and pawls 226 cooperatively provide
a shiftable brake element 257 (see FIGS. 7 and 9) that shifts into
braking engagement with at least one of the stops 236 when the
brake assembly 36 is engaged. Thus, as the brake assembly 36 is
engaged, the brake element 257 moves rotationally (i.e., the frame
224 and pawls 226 rotate within the housing 51) and also preferably
moves radially (i.e., the pawls 226 shift radially to engage the
stops 236). As will be explained, the shiftable brake element 257
is coupled to the corresponding helmet-engagement surface 120 so
that activation of the brake assembly 36 stops substantially all
shifting of the helmet-engagement surface 120 along the range of
motion.
[0126] The brake element 257 also preferably includes the
illustrated springs 230. The springs 230 each preferably comprise a
coil spring that interconnects the pawl 226 with the opposite lug
248. The springs 230 are preferably configured to rotate with the
frame 224 and pawls 226 and to apply a spring force to the pawls
226 that urges the pawls 226 into the retracted position.
[0127] When the pawls 226 are located in the retracted position,
each of the permanent magnets 254 is positioned adjacent to a
corresponding one of the electromagnets 244. As will be discussed,
the electromagnets 244 and permanent magnets 254 can be used to
deploy the pawls 226 to the braking positions and thereby engage
the brake member assembly 182.
[0128] While the illustrated configuration of pawls 226 and springs
230 is preferred for the brake element 257, the brake element 257
could include alternative pawls and/or springs. Additional features
of alternative pawl and spring components are disclosed in the
above-incorporated '480 publication.
[0129] As the brake element 257 and the spool 178 both spin within
the housing 51, the pawls 226 generally move with the frame 224.
When the brake element 257 and spool 178 rotate at a velocity below
the threshold rotational velocity, the springs 230 retain the pawls
226 in the retracted position (see FIG. 9). When the brake element
257 and spool 178 rotate at a velocity above the threshold
rotational velocity, the centrifugal force applied to the pawls 226
is greater than the spring force and, consequently, overcomes the
spring force to shift the pawls 226 into the braking position (see
FIG. 14).
[0130] The threshold rotational velocity value of the brake element
257 preferably corresponds with a condition of the user P, helmet
H, and/or motion restrictor 30. For instance, the threshold
rotational velocity value of the brake element 257 could correspond
with a predetermined threshold velocity of the helmet engagement
surface 120 and/or a predetermined threshold load applied to the
helmet engagement surface 120. However, the threshold rotational
velocity value could correspond to a predetermined value of another
condition associated with the helmet engagement surface 120,
another part of the lever 122, or another part of the motion
restrictor 30. Furthermore, the threshold rotational velocity value
could correspond to a predetermined value of a condition associated
with the user P and/or the helmet H.
[0131] Again, the brake element 257 is configured to be engaged
when the rotational velocity of the brake element 257 exceeds the
threshold value of rotational velocity. When a condition of the
user P, helmet H, and/or motion restrictor 30 is below the
predetermined threshold value of the condition, the rotational
velocity of the brake element 257 preferably operates below the
threshold velocity value. For instance, when the actual velocity of
the helmet engagement surface 120 is below the predetermined
threshold velocity (e.g., during normal, non-injurious movement of
the helmet H), the rotational velocity of the brake element 257
preferably operates below the threshold velocity value.
[0132] When a condition of the user P, helmet H, and/or motion
restrictor 30 is above the predetermined threshold value of the
condition, the rotational velocity of the brake element 257
preferably operates above the threshold velocity value. For
instance, when the actual velocity of the helmet engagement surface
120 is above the predetermined threshold velocity (e.g., when the
helmet H is impacted by a potentially injurious load), the
rotational velocity of the brake element 257 preferably operates
above the threshold velocity value.
[0133] The electromagnets 244 and permanent magnets 254 can also be
used to shift the pawls 226 from the retracted position to the
braking position. The electromagnets 244 are normally not energized
so that the electromagnets 244 and permanent magnets 254 permit the
pawls 226 to remain in the retracted position. When the
electromagnets 244 are energized, the polarity of the
electromagnets 244 opposes the polarity of the permanent magnets.
The opposing polarity creates a magnetic force that magnetically
induces the electromagnets 244 and the permanent magnets 254 away
from one another. The electromagnets 244 and permanent magnets 254
are sized and configured so that the magnetic force is greater than
the spring force and, consequently, overcomes the spring force to
shift the pawls 226 into the braking position.
[0134] Importantly, the brake element 257 is preferably configured
to be engaged solely due to centrifugal force associated with a
rotational velocity that exceeds the threshold rotational velocity
value. However, the brake member assembly 182 of the present
invention could be engaged solely by the magnetic force produced by
the electromagnets 244 and permanent magnets 254. Furthermore, the
brake member assembly 182 could be engaged by a combination of the
centrifugal force due to spool rotation and the magnetic force
produced by the electromagnets 244 and permanent magnets 254.
[0135] Again, the notches 238 are configured to receive one of the
pawls 226 when the brake member assembly 182 is engaged. As the
frame 224 rotates with the pawls 226 in the braking position, one
of the pawls 226 comes into braking engagement one of the stops 236
to provide a stopping mechanism (see FIG. 14). As the pawl 226
engages the stop 236 in the braking position, the pawl 226 stops
rotation of the spool 178 without fracturing or severing the stop
236. Although only one of the pawls 226 engage a corresponding one
of the stops 236 in the braking position, the brake assembly 36
could be alternatively configured. For instance, the stops 236
could be sized and configured so that both pawls 226 simultaneously
engage corresponding stops 236 in the braking position.
[0136] The principles of the present invention are applicable where
the brake member assembly 182 is alternatively configured to
provide rotational braking of the spool 178 and corresponding
deceleration of the surfaces 120. For instance, the size, shape,
and/or configuration of the annular body 222, rotatable frame 224,
stops 236, electromagnets 244, permanent magnets 254, and/or pawls
226 could be altered without departing from the scope of the
present invention. Additional features of several suitable
alternative brake member assemblies 182 are disclosed in the
above-incorporated '480 publication.
[0137] Each brake assembly 36 preferably operates as a braking
mechanism to restrict shifting of a corresponding one of the
helmet-engagement surfaces 120 along the range of motion in
response to injurious movement of the helmet H. With the lever 122
located in the uppermost position, the brake assembly 36 is located
in a corresponding position (see FIGS. 6-9).
[0138] Initially, when the helmet H and motion restrictor 30 are
donned by the user P and the user's neck is in a normally relaxed
and upright position, each lever body 128 preferably engages the
helmet H and is shifted downwardly by the helmet from the uppermost
position (see FIGS. 3-5) to the normal upper position (see FIGS. 1
and 2). This movement of the lever 122 causes movement of the
respective brake assembly 36 to a corresponding position (not
shown). During normal, non-injurious head movement, the lever 122
moves as does the respective brake assembly 36.
[0139] The brake assembly 36 is configured to be engaged when the
velocity of the brake element 257 exceeds the threshold rotational
velocity value. For instance, as the lever 122 is forced downwardly
in excess of the threshold velocity, the pawls 226 are caused to
shift into the braking position (see FIGS. 12-14).
[0140] In the event that the threshold velocity is not exceeded by
downward shifting of the lever 122, the lever 122 freely moves to
the lowermost position without activating the respective brake
assembly 36 (see FIGS. 15-20).
[0141] The brake member assembly 182, including the annular body
222, is preferably configured to stop substantially all rotational
spool movement for injurious loads encountered by the
helmet-engagement surfaces 120. However, an alternative brake
member assembly could provide an alternative braking operation. For
instance, when using an alternative annular body with breakaway
elements, as described above, the alternative brake member assembly
could be configured to stop substantially all rotational spool
movement below a threshold load experienced by the
helmet-engagement surface. As a result, the alternative brake
member assembly stops downward movement of the lever body for loads
applied to the lever body below the threshold load. Above the
threshold load, the alternative brake member assembly with
breakaway elements is configured to absorb loads to decelerate the
spool rotational velocity. Consequently, the alternative brake
member assembly decelerates downward movement of the lever body for
loads applied to the lever body above the threshold load.
[0142] Returning to the illustrated embodiment, the brake assembly
36 is configured to be engaged when the lever body 128 moves
downwardly to draw the strap 180 out of the housing 51, thereby
unwinding the strap 180 from the spool 178 and causing the brake
element to rotate at a velocity in excess of the threshold velocity
value. It will be appreciated that the brake assembly 36 provides
braking when at least one of the pawls 226 engages a corresponding
stop 236, with the lever 122 generally positioned above the
lowermost position.
[0143] The illustrated brake assemblies 36 are preferably operably
disconnected from each other so that each brake assembly 36 can
provide braking independently of the other brake assembly 36.
Because the levers 122 are operably connected to corresponding
brake assemblies 36 and shiftable relative to each other, the
levers 122 are operable to pivot independently of one another and
are configured to decelerate the helmet H independently of one
another. However, for some aspects of the present invention, the
brake assemblies 36 could be operably connected to cooperatively
provide braking of the levers 122. Furthermore, the motion
restrictor 30 could include a single brake assembly 36 to provide
helmet deceleration.
[0144] When the brake assembly 36 is engaged to stop spool
rotation, the lever 122 is preferably configured to flex slightly
about the lateral axis of the pivot 162. When a load, particularly
a relatively large load, is applied during brake engagement, the
limited flexibility or "give" of the lever 122 enables the lever
122 to absorb at least some of the load applied to the
helmet-engagement surface 120.
[0145] It is within the ambit of the present invention for the
brake assembly 36 to be variously configured to decelerate movement
of the levers 122. As previously noted, the size, shape, and/or
configuration of the housing 51, axle 176, spool 178, brake member
assembly 182, and/or strap 180 could be altered without departing
from the scope of the present invention. Additional features of
several suitable alternative rotatable brake member assemblies are
disclosed in the above-incorporated '480 publication.
[0146] The brake element 257 of the brake assembly 36 is preferably
rotatable and radially shiftable to provide suitable braking for
the motion restrictor 30. However, the motion restrictor 30 could
have a brake mechanism with alternative braking movement, such as a
braking mechanism that moves linearly. Additional features of
braking mechanisms with an alternative braking movement are
disclosed in the above-incorporated '480 publication.
[0147] Turning to FIG. 21, the motion restrictor 30 also preferably
includes the electronic controller 38 to selectively engage the
brake member assembly 182. More particularly, the electronic
controller 38 is configured to selectively magnetically induce
shifting of the pawls 226 into the braking position. The electronic
controller 38 preferably includes a computing device 258, a sensor
260 that communicates with the computing device 258 via a lead
260a, and the electromagnets 244.
[0148] The sensor 260 preferably comprises a transducer that
directly or indirectly senses motion of the surfaces 120. The
sensor 260 generates a corresponding electrical signal that is
representative of an operational parameter and communicates the
signal to the computing device 258. For instance, the transducer
can be configured to sense the motion of the helmet-engagement
surface 120 (or the lever 122 defining same), the spool 178, the
brake element, or another moving component of the motion restrictor
30. Furthermore, the transducer can be configured to sense any load
applied to the helmet-engagement surface 120, another portion of
the lever 122, the spool 178, the brake element, or another
component of the motion restrictor 30. Yet further, the transducer
can be configured to sense other conditions of the helmet H and/or
the user P.
[0149] Preferably, the sensor 260 comprises a transducer that
senses velocity or acceleration of a component of the motion
restrictor 30. For instance, the sensor 260 could include an
accelerometer attached to the lever 122 at a location adjacent to
one of the surfaces 120 to sense acceleration of the corresponding
surface 120. It will be appreciated that various types of
accelerometers, such as a piezoelectric accelerometer or a MEMS
accelerometer, could be used to suitably sense movement of the
surfaces 120. Also, the sensor 260 could include a rotational
sensor (such as a Hall effect sensor) to sense the rotational speed
and acceleration of the axle 176. Yet further, when the sensor 260
is configured to sense a load applied to a component of the motion
restrictor 30, the sensor 260 could include any of various
force-sensing transducers, such as a strain gauge.
[0150] The computing device 258 is operable to selectively activate
the brake assembly 36. The computing device 258 preferably includes
a processor element 262, a memory element 264, and a power source
in the form of a battery 266.
[0151] The electromagnets 244 are configured to actuate the brake
assembly 36. The leads 244a of the electromagnets 244 are
electrically coupled to the processor element 262. The computing
device 258 is configured so that the electromagnets 244 are
normally not energized (i.e., a normally de-energized condition).
Thus, the computing device 258 and electromagnets 244 cooperatively
permit the pawls 226 to remain in the retracted position. When the
electromagnets 244 are energized by the computing device 258, the
polarity of the electromagnets 244 opposes the polarity of the
permanent magnets, which creates a magnetic force that urges the
electromagnets 244 away from the permanent magnets 254 (i.e., an
energized condition). Again, the electromagnets 244 and permanent
magnets 254 are sized and configured so that the magnetic force is
greater than the spring force of the spring 230 and, consequently,
overcomes the spring force to shift the pawls 226 into the braking
position.
[0152] Based upon the parameter or condition sensed by the sensor
260, the computing device 258 preferably determines whether to
engage the brake element 257. For instance, when the sensed
condition of the user P, helmet H, and/or motion restrictor 30 is
below the predetermined threshold value of the condition, the
computing device 258 preferably keeps the electromagnets 244 in the
de-energized condition so that the pawls 226 are retracted. The
threshold value of the sensed condition may, but is not required
to, correspond with the threshold velocity value of the brake
element 257.
[0153] When the sensed parameter or condition of the user P, helmet
H, and/or motion restrictor 30 is above the predetermined threshold
value of the condition, the computing device 258 preferably
operates the electromagnets 244 in the energized condition to shift
the pawls 226 into the braking position (to engage the brake
assembly 36).
[0154] The electronic controller 38 preferably includes the
electromagnets 244 to provide actuation of the brake element 257
and shift the pawls 226 into and out of the braking position.
However, the electronic controller 38 could include an alternative
actuator to shift the brake element 257, such as an electric
motor.
[0155] The processor element 262 may include microprocessors,
microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs),
field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), analog and/or digital
application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and the like, or
combinations thereof. The processor element 262 may generally
execute, process, or run instructions, code, software, firmware,
programs, applications, apps, or the like, or may step through
states of a finite-state machine.
[0156] The memory element 264 may include data storage components
such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM),
hard-disk drives, optical disk drives, flash memory drives, and the
like, or combinations thereof. The memory element 264 may include,
or may constitute, a "computer-readable medium". The memory element
264 may store the instructions, code, software, firmware, programs,
applications, apps, or the like that are executed by the processor
element 262. The memory element 264 may also store settings or
data.
[0157] The computing device 258 may specifically include mobile
communication devices (including wireless devices), work stations,
desktop computers, laptop computers, palmtop computers, tablet
computers, portable digital assistants (PDA), smart phones, and the
like, or combinations thereof. Various embodiments of the computing
device 258 may also include voice communication devices, such as
cell phones or landline phones. In preferred embodiments, the
computing device 258 will have an electronic display, such as a
liquid crystal display, plasma, or touch screen that is operable to
display visual graphics, images, text, etc. In certain embodiments,
the computer program of the present invention facilitates
interaction and communication through a graphical user interface
(GUI) that is displayed via the electronic display. The GUI enables
the user to interact with the electronic display by touching or
pointing at display areas to provide information to the user
control interface, which is discussed in more detail below. In
additional preferred embodiments, the computing device 258 may
include an optical device such as a digital camera, video camera,
optical canner, or the like, such that the computing device 258 can
capture, store, and transmit digital images and/or videos.
[0158] The computing device 258 may include a user control
interface that enables one or more users to share information and
commands with the computing device 258. The user interface may
facilitate interaction through the GUI described above or may
additionally comprise one or more functionable inputs such as
buttons, keyboard, switches, scrolls wheels, voice recognition
elements such as a microphone, pointing devices such as mice,
touchpads, tracking balls, styluses. The user control interface may
also include a speaker for providing audible instructions and
feedback. Further, the user control interface may comprise wired or
wireless data transfer elements, such as a communication component,
removable memory, data transceivers, and/or transmitters, to enable
the user and/or other computing devices to remotely interface with
the computing device.
[0159] Although not illustrated as such, the computing device 258
is preferably mounted on the harness 32 in a location where the
computing device 258 is protected from contact with external
objects. For instance, the computing device 258 could be removably
mounted in a housing (not shown) on the back panel 54 between the
centrifugal brake assemblies 36.
[0160] It will be appreciated that the controller 38 could be
variously configured to provide selective actuation of the brake
assembly 36. However, for at least some aspects of the present
invention, the motion restrictor 30 could be devoid of an
electronic controller.
[0161] Turning again to FIGS. 6-11, the helmet-engaging component
34 preferably includes resilient bands 124. The resilient band 124
provides a preferred biasing member configured to yieldably bias
the helmet-engagement surfaces 120 upwardly toward the uppermost
position. The band 124 comprises a unitary and endless strip of
material. The band 124 preferably includes an elastic material,
such as an elastomeric resin.
[0162] The illustrated band 124 removably interconnects the spool
178 and the lever 122. More particularly, the band 124 is elongated
to form opposite ends 268,270, with the end 268 being removably
attached to the hub 214 by one of the pins 126 (see FIG. 8). The
other end 270 of the band 124 is removably attached to the housing
51 by inserting another one of the pins 126 and the end 270 into
one of the exterior slots 198. The slotted opening 196 permits the
band 124 to extend into and out of the receiver 192.
[0163] The end 270 can be selectively secured in any one of the
exterior slots 198. It will be understood that insertion of the end
270 into the slot 198 closest to the slotted opening 196 will
result in relatively minimal stretching of the band 124. On the
other hand, insertion of the end 270 into the slot 198 farthest
from the slotted opening 196 will result in a relatively larger
amount of stretching of the band 124. This arrangement provides
adjustability in the spring force exerted on the lever 122 by the
band 124.
[0164] With the lever 122 in the uppermost position, the band 124
is preferably resiliently stretched and urges the spool 178 to
rotate in the winding direction W. In turn, the tension force
applied by the band 124 to the spool 178 serves to tension the
strap 180 so that the lever 122 and the corresponding
helmet-engagement surface 120 are yieldably biased toward the
uppermost position.
[0165] As the lever 122 is shifted downwardly away from the
uppermost position, the spool 178 is rotated in the unwinding
direction U, which preferably increases the amount of stretch
experienced by the resilient band 124 and increases the tension in
the band 124. As a result, the tension in the strap 180 generally
increases as the lever 122 moves toward the lowermost position.
While this increasing tension in the band 124 and the strap 180 is
preferred to urge the lever 122 to return to the uppermost
position, the tension in these components could be varied while
still yieldably biasing the helmet-engagement surfaces 120 toward
the uppermost position.
[0166] Furthermore, various alternative mechanisms could be
provided to yieldably bias the surfaces 120 into the uppermost
position without departing from the scope of the present invention.
For instance, the motion restrictor 30 could include a linear
spring (not shown) that interconnects the stop-arm 130 and the
harness 32 to urge the surfaces 120 upwardly.
[0167] The illustrated bands 124 are preferably operably
disconnected from each other so that each band 124 can operate
independently of the other band 124. Because the levers 122 are
operably connected to corresponding brake assemblies 36 and
shiftable relative to each other, the levers 122 are operable to
pivot independently of one another and are configured to be biased
independently of one another by the corresponding band 124 toward
the uppermost position. However, for some aspects of the present
invention, the bands 124 could be operably connected to
cooperatively provide yieldable upward biasing of the levers 122.
Furthermore, the motion restrictor 30 could include a single band
or alternative biasing member to provide yieldable upward biasing
of the levers 122.
[0168] In the illustrated embodiment, the bands 124 urge the levers
122 in a direction opposite the downward direction of injurious
movement, although the resistance provided by the bands 124 is
generally negligible. That is, the resistance to downward injurious
movement provided by the bands 124 is unlikely to have a
significant impact on the injurious movement.
[0169] In use, the motion restrictor 30 can be donned by the user P
to decelerate and stop the helmet H in response to excessive
acceleration and/or external force, particularly when the
acceleration or force could lead to injury of the user. The user
can don the helmet H prior to donning the motion restrictor 30.
However, the user could alternatively don the helmet H after
donning the motion restrictor 30.
[0170] Prior to donning the motion restrictor 30, the levers 122
are preferably moved to the stored position (see FIGS. 18-20) to
restrict the levers 122 from interfering with the donning process.
Once the motion restrictor 30 and helmet H are both donned, the
levers 122 can then be released from the stored position. However,
the motion restrictor 30 could be donned with the levers 122 out of
the stored position (e.g., with the levers 122 in the uppermost
position). If the user dons the helmet H prior to donning the
motion restrictor 30, the helmet H could interfere with donning of
the motion restrictor 30, particularly if the levers 122 are not
secured in the stored position.
[0171] The motion restrictor 30 can be donned by first entirely
detaching the sections 46,48 from one another. The detached
sections 46,48 can then be positioned on opposite sides of the neck
N and then attached to one another.
[0172] Alternatively, the motion restrictor 30 can be donned by
first having one of the male connectors 102 attached to a
corresponding one of the female connectors 70. The sections 46,48
can then be swung so that the neck N of user P can move through the
open passage defined between the sections 46,48. With the neck N
received in the neck opening 114, the other pair of male and female
connectors 102,70 can be swung toward each other to close the open
passage. The male and female connectors 102,70 can then be engaged
to secure the harness 32 around the user's neck N.
[0173] With the motion restrictor 30 and helmet H donned, the
motion restrictor 30 permits the user to comfortably and easily
slide the helmet fore-and-aft, slide the helmet laterally to a
limited extent, rotate the helmet from side-to-side, and tilt the
helmet in a fore-and-aft direction and/or in a lateral direction.
In this manner, the user's head and the helmet are permitted to
freely move relative to the user's torso as if the user was not
wearing the motion restrictor 30.
[0174] The motion restrictor 30 can be selectively removed by the
user by detaching either one or both pairs of male and female
connectors 102,70 from each other so that the sections 46,48 can be
moved apart from each other. The user can move the levers 122 to
the stored position prior to removing the motion restrictor 30,
although such a step is optional.
[0175] Turning to FIGS. 22 and 23, an alternative motion restrictor
300 is depicted. For the sake of brevity, the following description
will focus primarily on the differences of this embodiment from the
first preferred embodiment described above. The alternative motion
restrictor 300 generally includes a harness 302, an alternative
helmet-engaging component 304, and centrifugal brake assemblies
306.
[0176] Each brake assembly 306 is mounted in a housing 308 of the
harness 302. The brake assembly 306 includes, among other things, a
spool 310, and an alternative connecting strap 312.
[0177] The alternative helmet-engaging component 304 preferably
includes a pair of elongated leaf spring elements 314. The
helmet-engaging component 304 also preferably includes resilient
bands (not shown) similar to band 124 to urge the respective spool
310 to rotate in a winding direction to wind up the corresponding
strap 312.
[0178] The leaf spring elements 314 each present a
helmet-engagement surface 316. Each leaf spring element 314 flexes
as the corresponding one of the helmet-engagement surfaces 316
shifts along the range of motion.
[0179] The leaf spring element 314 presents opposite front and rear
ends 318,320. The rear end 320 is preferably fixed relative to the
harness 302, while the front end 318 is preferably shiftable along
the harness 302. More particularly, the front end 318 is preferably
shiftable forwardly and downwardly along the harness 302 to
accommodate downward flexing of the leaf spring element 314. In a
similar manner, the front end 318 is preferably shiftable
rearwardly and upwardly along the harness 302 to accommodate upward
flexing of the leaf spring element 314.
[0180] The leaf spring element 314 is preferably configured to flex
between an uppermost unflexed position (not shown) and a plurality
of flexed positions. In the unflexed position, the
helmet-engagement surface 316 presents a generally convex
shape.
[0181] For instance, when the helmet H and motion restrictor 300
are donned by the user and the user's neck is in a normally relaxed
and upright position, the leaf spring elements 314 preferably
engage the helmet H and are flexed downwardly into a normal flexed
position (see FIG. 22). In the normal flexed position, the front
end 318 moves forwardly and downwardly from the unflexed position.
Furthermore, the convex shape of at least part of the
helmet-engagement surface 316 is generally flattened when compared
to the unflexed position.
[0182] When the helmet H and motion restrictor 300 are donned by
the user and the user's neck and head are moved relative to the
harness 302, the leaf spring elements 314 preferably engage the
helmet H and are flexed downwardly to a greater degree into a lower
flexed position. In the lower flexed position, the front end 318
moves forwardly and downwardly from the normal flexed position.
Furthermore, the convex shape of at least part of the
helmet-engagement surface 316 is generally flattened when compared
to the normal flexed position. The brake assembly 306 operates to
halt flexing of the leaf spring element 314 in response to
injurious movement of the helmet H.
[0183] Turning again to the motion restrictor 30 shown in FIGS.
1-21, the motion restrictor 30 preferably presents a fore-and-aft
restrictor axis A1 (see FIG. 3). The axis A1 extends in a
fore-and-aft direction to bisect the harness 32, with the levers
122 being spaced laterally in opposite lateral directions from the
axis A1. The restrictor axis A1 preferably lies in a restrictor
sagittal plane (not shown), where the sagittal plane extends
vertically and in the forward-facing direction F (see FIGS. 24-30).
Similarly, the helmet H presents a fore-and-aft helmet axis A2 (see
FIG. 27). The axis A2 extends fore-and-aft to bisect the helmet
H.
[0184] When the helmet H and motion restrictor 30 are donned by the
wearer and the helmet H faces in the forward-facing direction F,
the axes A1,A2 are preferably coplanar. In particular, the axes
A1,A2 both lie in the restrictor sagittal plane. The forward-facing
direction F corresponds to a reference helmet orientation where the
helmet visor faces forwardly relative to the harness 32 (see FIGS.
1 and 24).
[0185] Furthermore, when the helmet H and motion restrictor 30 are
donned by the wearer and the helmet H faces in the forward-facing
direction F, the axes A1,A2 both preferably lie in a median
sagittal plane (not shown) of the wearer. As used herein, a median
sagittal plane refers to a plane that extends vertically and
fore-and-aft to divide the wearer's body down the middle into equal
left and right sides. Preferably, the restrictor sagittal plane is
substantially coplanar with the median sagittal plane of the
wearer, although the planes could be laterally offset relative to
one another.
[0186] Turning to FIG. 27, the helmet H includes a lower rim that
defines the lower helmet opening 43. The lower rim extends
endlessly about the lower helmet opening 43. The lower rim also
forms the lowermost margin 42 of the helmet H. The helmet opening
43 presents fore and aft helmet opening ends 43a,43b (see FIGS. 2,
24, and 27).
[0187] The helmet H preferably comprises a full face helmet that
surrounds the wearer's face and generally crosses over the wearer's
mouth. However, the restrictor 30 could be used in connection with
at least some open face helmets (not shown) that do not cross over
the wearer's mouth. For some open face helmets, the lower rim
extends around the back and sides of the wearer's head and
neck.
[0188] The levers 122 are configured to engage the rim at a contact
location CL (see FIGS. 24-26) to restrict helmet movement. As will
be shown, the contact location CL shifts fore and aft as the helmet
H moves (primarily as rotational motion) generally along the
fore-and-aft direction. In the illustrated embodiment, the rim
preferably includes forward and aft rim sections and intermediate
rim sections. The intermediate rim sections provide a primary
contact region PCR of the lower rim (see FIG. 27).
[0189] For some open face helmets (not shown) that are compatible
with the motion restrictor 30, the lower rim includes intermediate
rim sections and aft rim sections, while including little or no
part of a forward rim section. It will be appreciated that some
helmets are not compatible with the motion restrictor 30.
[0190] When the motion restrictor 30 and helmet H are donned by the
wearer, any contact made by the levers 122 against the helmet H
preferably occurs in the primary contact region PCR while the
helmet H is within a predetermined range of helmet angle .alpha.
associated with normal flexion and extension of the spine S (as
will be discussed below) and while the axis A2 of helmet H extends
at least generally in the sagittal plane. Also when the motion
restrictor 30 and helmet H are donned, the helmet H is preferably
positioned relative to the harness 32 so that the primary contact
region PCR at least partly overlaps the harness 32 along the
fore-and-aft direction. Furthermore, the primary contact region PCR
preferably at least partly overlaps the neck opening 114 along the
fore-and-aft direction. As will be discussed below, the primary
contact region PCR is preferably spaced between the fore and aft
helmet opening ends 43a,43b.
[0191] The helmet angle .alpha. is a measure of helmet rotation
associated with flexion and extension of the spine, where the
helmet H rotates fore and aft along the sagittal plane. The helmet
angle .alpha. is measured relative to the reference helmet
orientation (see FIG. 24), where the spine S assumes a normal
unflexed spine condition with normal spine curvature. As used
herein, a helmet flexion angle is measured relative to the
reference helmet orientation and is associated with corresponding
flexion of the spine S (i.e., flexing of the spine S forwardly out
of the normal unflexed spine condition). A helmet extension angle
is measured relative to the reference helmet orientation and is
associated with corresponding extension of the spine S (i.e.,
extending or dorsally flexing the spine S rearwardly out of the
normal unextended/unflexed spine condition). These measurements of
helmet angle .alpha. generally correspond to measurements of
flexion and extension taken using a goniometer (not shown).
[0192] Because the helmet H fits snugly on the wearer's head, the
helmet angle .alpha. generally corresponds to the angle of flexion
or extension associated with the wearer's head, particularly during
normal operating conditions where the shell of the helmet H is not
experiencing an external impact force. However, it will be
appreciated that the head could rotate to a slightly (and
preferably generally insignificant) greater or lesser degree than
the helmet under some conditions (e.g., where the helmet H does not
fit snugly on the wearer's head).
[0193] Helmet rotation is generally produced by flexion and
extension of the cervical spine, independent of any movement of the
thoracic spine. However, it will be appreciated that some helmet
rotation could be produced partly by thoracic spine movement.
[0194] The levers 122 may contact the helmet H outside of the
primary contact region PCR for extreme helmet movement. For
instance, such contact can occur for extreme cases of flexion and
extension. Such contact can also occur when the helmet H is rotated
about a vertical axis so that the axes A1,A2 are not coplanar
(e.g., when the head twists about a vertical axis while rotating
also in the fore-and-aft direction).
[0195] The intermediate rim sections define a fore-and-aft
dimension D4 of the primary contact region PCR that is less than an
opening length dimension D1. In the illustrated embodiment, the
ratio of the dimension D4 to the length dimension D1 preferably
ranges from about 0.2 to about 0.7 and, more preferably, is about
0.4 to about 0.7.
[0196] Again, the primary contact region PCR is preferably spaced
between the fore and aft helmet opening ends 43a,43b. In
particular, the forward and aft rim sections define corresponding
forward and aft spacing dimensions D2,D3. The spacing dimensions
D2,D3 are associated with the distance between the primary contact
region PCR and each helmet opening end 43a,43b, respectively. A
ratio of the forward spacing dimension D2 to the length dimension
D1 preferably ranges from about 0.1 to about 0.4 and, more
preferably, is about 0.2 to about 0.3. A ratio of the aft spacing
dimension D3 to the length dimension D1 preferably ranges from
about 0.1 to about 0.4 and, more preferably, is about 0.2 to about
0.3.
[0197] Similarly, a ratio of the forward spacing dimension D2 to
the dimension D4 preferably ranges from about 0.1 to about 1.5 and,
more preferably, is about 0.4 to about 0.8. A ratio of the aft
spacing dimension D3 to the dimension D4 preferably ranges from
about 0.1 to about 1.2 and, more preferably, is about 0.4 to about
1.0.
[0198] Turning to FIGS. 24-26, when the motion restrictor 30 and
the helmet H are donned by the wearer, the levers 122 are
preferably operable to engage the rim of the helmet H to restrict
helmet movement.
[0199] In the illustrated embodiment, the levers 122 preferably
engage the helmet H for a helmet angle .alpha. that ranges from
about forty degrees (40.degree.) flexion (see FIG. 25) to about
twenty degrees (20.degree.) extension (see FIG. 26). Helmet-lever
contact between the levers 122 and the helmet H is preferably
maintained throughout this preferred range of helmet angle .alpha..
More preferably, helmet-lever contact is maintained for helmet
angle .alpha. that ranges from about thirty-five degrees
(35.degree.) flexion to about ten degrees (10.degree.) extension
and, most preferably, for helmet angle .alpha. of about thirty
degrees (30.degree.) flexion.
[0200] However, it is within the scope of the present invention
where the levers 122 engage the helmet H along another preferred
range of helmet angle .alpha.. For instance, according to some
aspects of the present invention, the levers 122 could contact the
helmet H outside of the angular ranges described above.
[0201] Associated with the above-referenced helmet angle .alpha.,
the helmet H preferably swings between forward and rearward helmet
positions spaced angularly relative to one another along the
restrictor sagittal plane to define therebetween a helmet range of
swinging movement. The forward and rearward helmet positions are
preferably associated with corresponding flexion and extension
spine positions of the user. The helmet range of swinging movement
is preferably at least about forty-five degrees (45.degree.).
[0202] For the helmet angular range described above, the contact
location CL between the levers 122 and the helmet H is preferably
in the primary contact region PCR. That is, when the motion
restrictor 30 and helmet H are donned by the wearer, any contact
made by the levers 122 against the helmet H occurs in the primary
contact region PCR while the helmet H is within the preferred
helmet angular range.
[0203] By having the contact location CL positioned in region PCR
throughout the helmet angular range, the contact location CL is
positioned adjacent the spine S throughout the helmet angular
range. It has been found that such positioning of the contact
location CL enables the helmet H and levers 122 to safely transfer
downward helmet forces to the harness 32. A downward force applied
by the helmet H to the levers can correspond to or be a component
of a linear force and/or a rotational force experienced by the
helmet H (e.g., due to the helmet colliding with an object other
than motion restrictor 30).
[0204] For the reference helmet orientation and all helmet
extension angles associated with extension of the spine S, the
illustrated levers 122 extend forwardly of the contact location CL
between the levers 122 and the helmet H (see FIGS. 24 and 26). That
is, the distal end of lever 122 is spaced below the helmet H. Also,
for some helmet flexion angles associated with flexion of the
spine, the distal end of lever 122 engages the helmet H (see FIG.
25).
[0205] For the illustrated restrictor 30, the levers 122 are
mounted at pivots 162. The pivots 162 are preferably located
outside of the region PCR when the helmet H is within the preferred
helmet angular range. More preferably, the pivots 162 are spaced
aft of the region PCR. This preferred location of the pivots 162
and the positioning of the contact location CL within the region
PCR enables the levers 122 to effectively engage the helmet H
throughout the preferred helmet angular range.
[0206] Turning to FIGS. 28-30, an alternative motion restrictor 400
is depicted. The alternative motion restrictor 400 includes, among
other things, a harness 402 and an alternative helmet-engaging
component 404. The component 404 preferably includes a pair of
alternative levers 406 that present an alternative
helmet-engagement surface 408 and a distal lever end 410.
[0207] The illustrated levers 406 present a lever length that is
relatively shorter than the length of levers 122. For the reference
helmet orientation and all helmet flexion angles associated with
flexion of the spine, the distal lever end 410 engages the helmet H
(see FIGS. 28 and 29). For at least some helmet extension angles
associated with extension of the spine, the distal lever end 410 is
spaced below the helmet H (see FIG. 30).
[0208] Although the levers 406 are shorter than the levers 122, the
levers 406 are designed to engage the helmet H as described above
concerning levers 122. For example, as with the first embodiment,
the levers 406 engage the helmet H for a helmet angle .alpha. that
preferably ranges from about forty degrees (40.degree.) flexion
(see FIG. 29) to about ten degrees (10.degree.) extension. Contact
between the levers 406 and the helmet H is preferably maintained
throughout this preferred helmet angular range. However, for some
aspects of the present invention, the levers 406 could engage the
helmet H along an alternative range of helmet angle .alpha..
[0209] For the helmet angular ranges described above, the contact
location CL between the levers 406 and the helmet H is preferably
in the primary contact region PCR. That is, when the motion
restrictor 30 and helmet H are donned by the wearer, any contact
made by the levers 406 against the helmet H occurs in the primary
contact region PCR while the helmet H is within the preferred
helmet angular range.
[0210] Turning to FIGS. 31 and 32, an alternative motion restrictor
500 is depicted. For the sake of brevity, the following description
of this embodiment will focus primarily on the differences of this
embodiment from the first preferred embodiment described above. The
alternative motion restrictor 500 includes, among other things, an
alternative harness 502 and a helmet-engaging component 504.
[0211] The harness 502 is configured to support and position the
motion restrictor 500 relative to the user's head when the motion
restrictor 500 is donned by the user P. The harness 502 preferably
includes forward and aft sections 506,508, a pair of flexible
shoulder straps 510, and a pair of flexible below-arm straps
512.
[0212] The illustrated aft section 508 preferably includes a back
panel 514 and a shoulder support 516 that are integrally formed
with one another to define a unitary and generally rigid
structure.
[0213] The shoulder support 516 is unitary and preferably includes
an aft plate 518 and shoulder plates 520. The aft plate 518
includes connectors 522 that secure the below-arm straps 512 to the
aft section 508. The shoulder plates 520 extend forwardly from the
aft plate 518 and include connectors 522 that secure the shoulder
straps 510 to the aft section 508.
[0214] Each shoulder strap 510 and below-arm strap 512 includes a
unitary webbing strip 524 and a unitary tongue 526 fixed to a
forward end of the webbing strip 524. The rearward end of each
webbing strip 524 is attached to the aft section 508 with
respective connectors 522. Each webbing strip 524 preferably
comprises a flexible webbing that includes a synthetic resin
material, such as nylon. However, it will be understood that the
flexible webbing could include alternative materials without
departing from the scope of the present invention.
[0215] When the harness 502 is donned by the user P, the shoulder
plates 520 are located adjacent the user's shoulders to permit the
shoulder straps 510 to rest on the shoulders. That is, the shoulder
straps 510 preferably provide shoulder-engagement sections of the
harness 502. The aft plate 518 is positioned adjacent the user's
back, and the below-arm straps 512 are generally located below the
user's shoulders.
[0216] The forward section 506 preferably includes a breastplate
528, a pair of upper buckles 530, and a pair of lower buckles 532.
Each buckle 530 includes a housing 534 and a latch mechanism 536
operably mounted within the housing 534. The illustrated housings
534 are integrally formed with the breastplate 528. Each buckle 530
also presents a slotted opening 538 to receive the tongue 526 of
the shoulder strap 510. The lower buckles 532 include a housing 542
and latch mechanisms 536 and present slotted openings 538.
[0217] In the usual manner, each latch mechanism 536 is preferably
a normally-closed latch device with a latch release button 544.
Each latch mechanism 536 is removably connectable to one of the
tongues 526. With the tongue 526 attached to the respective buckle
530,532, the release button 544 can be depressed to open the latch
and permit detachment of the tongue 526 and the buckle 530,532.
[0218] When attached to one another, the forward and aft sections
506,508 and shoulder straps 510 cooperatively define an endless
collar 546. The collar 546 presents a central neck opening 548
configured to receive the neck of the user. When the harness 502 is
donned, the collar 546 extends endlessly around the neck of the
user.
[0219] With the collar 546 being donned, the below-arm straps 512
can be removably secured to the forward section 506. Again, the
below-arm straps 512 are removably connected to lower buckles 532
of the forward section 506. The secured straps 512 extend generally
horizontally and in a forward direction from the aft section 508 to
the forward section 506.
[0220] The straps 512 are sized and configured to snugly secure the
harness 502 on the user while restricting harness movement relative
to the user. As with the prior embodiments, the straps 512 serve to
restrict upward movement of the harness 502 by engaging the user
below the shoulder. Generally, each strap 512 passes between a
corresponding arm of the user P and the user's torso so that the
strap 512 passes below the user's armpit. Furthermore, the straps
512 preferably draw the forward and aft sections 506,508 toward
each other so that the harness 502 is snugly held on the user.
[0221] Although the above description presents features of
preferred embodiments of the present invention, other preferred
embodiments may also be created in keeping with the principles of
the invention. Such other preferred embodiments may, for instance,
be provided with features drawn from one or more of the embodiments
described above. Yet further, such other preferred embodiments may
include features from multiple embodiments described above,
particularly where such features are compatible for use together
despite having been presented independently as part of separate
embodiments in the above description.
[0222] The preferred forms of the invention described above are to
be used as illustration only, and should not be utilized in a
limiting sense in interpreting the scope of the present invention.
Obvious modifications to the exemplary embodiments, as hereinabove
set forth, could be readily made by those skilled in the art
without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
[0223] The inventors hereby state their intent to rely on the
Doctrine of Equivalents to determine and assess the reasonably fair
scope of the present invention as pertains to any apparatus not
materially departing from but outside the literal scope of the
invention as set forth in the following claims.
* * * * *