U.S. patent application number 15/471415 was filed with the patent office on 2017-10-12 for audible and visual alert warning system for approaching vehicles.
This patent application is currently assigned to JRussell Consulting LLC. The applicant listed for this patent is JRussell Consulting LLC. Invention is credited to John R. Russell, JR..
Application Number | 20170294126 15/471415 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 59998306 |
Filed Date | 2017-10-12 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170294126 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Russell, JR.; John R. |
October 12, 2017 |
AUDIBLE AND VISUAL ALERT WARNING SYSTEM FOR APPROACHING
VEHICLES
Abstract
An alert warning system. In an aspect, alert lights are
configured to provide a visual alert and a sound system is
configured to provide an audible alert to an approaching vehicle
operator. The visual and audible alerts are responsive to a
two-part initiation event. The first part of the event initiates
the visual alert when the approaching vehicle reaches a first
predetermined distance from a safety target. The second part of the
event initiates the audible alert when the approaching vehicle
reaches a second predetermined distance from the safety target. The
second predetermined distance is less than the first predetermined
distance.
Inventors: |
Russell, JR.; John R.; (St.
Charles, MO) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
JRussell Consulting LLC |
St. Charles |
MO |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
JRussell Consulting LLC
St. Charles
MO
|
Family ID: |
59998306 |
Appl. No.: |
15/471415 |
Filed: |
March 28, 2017 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
62318989 |
Apr 6, 2016 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04R 1/028 20130101;
E01F 9/662 20160201; H04R 1/345 20130101; G08G 1/0955 20130101;
G09F 2027/001 20130101; H04R 1/403 20130101 |
International
Class: |
G08G 1/16 20060101
G08G001/16; B60Q 5/00 20060101 B60Q005/00; H04R 1/34 20060101
H04R001/34; B60Q 1/26 20060101 B60Q001/26; H04R 1/40 20060101
H04R001/40; G08G 1/0962 20060101 G08G001/0962; B60Q 1/52 20060101
B60Q001/52 |
Claims
1. An alert warning system comprising: a plurality of lights
configured to provide a visual alert to an operator of an
approaching vehicle; and a sound system configured to provide an
audible alert to the operator of the approaching vehicle, the
visual and audible alerts being responsive to a two-part initiation
event, the two-part initiation event having a first part for
initiating the visual alert when the approaching vehicle reaches a
first predetermined distance from a safety target and a second part
for initiating the audible alert when the approaching vehicle
reaches a second predetermined distance from the safety target, the
second predetermined distance being less than the first
predetermined distance.
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a sensor-based
activation system for automatically generating at least one of the
first and second parts of the initiation event to initiate at least
one of the visual and audible alerts.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of lights are
mounted on at least one of a message board, a frame, and a
truck-mounted attenuator of a road crew vehicle.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the road crew vehicle has a truck
mounted attenuator mounted thereon.
5. The system of claim 1, further comprising a momentary switch for
generating the first part of the initiation event when an operator
depresses the momentary switch, the first part of the initiation
event only causing the plurality of lights to provide the visual
alert while the momentary switch is depressed.
6. The system of claim 5, further comprising a latching switch for
generating the second part of the initiation event when operator
depresses the latching switch, the second part of the initiation
event causing the plurality of lights to provide the visual alert
and the sound system to provide the audible alert until the
operator depresses the latching switch again.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the sound system comprises a
plurality of horn loudspeakers.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the horn loudspeakers have an
amplitude response of about 600 Hz to 4 kHz dB, a beamwidth of
about 60 degrees in the horizontal plane and about 20 degrees in
the vertical plane, and an axial directivity factor of about
27.5.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the visual alert is highly
directional laterally to minimize unintended distraction to
non-affected vehicle operators.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the visual alert has a beam
pattern of about 40 degrees horizontal spread and about 30 degrees
vertical spread and a sharp cutoff at the edges of the beam
pattern.
11. A method comprising: providing a visual alert to an operator of
a vehicle approaching a protected zone by emitting light from a
plurality of light units when the vehicle reaches a first
predetermined distance from the protected zone; and providing an
audible alert to the operator of the vehicle by emitting sound from
a sound system when the vehicle reaches a second predetermined
distance from the protected zone, wherein the second predetermined
distance is less than the first predetermined distance.
12. The method of claim 11, further comprising automatically
generating, by a sensor activation system, an initiation signal to
initiate at least one of the visual alert and the audible
alert.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of light units
are mounted on at least one of a message board, a frame, and a
truck-mounted attenuator of a road crew vehicle.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the road crew vehicle has a
truck mounted attenuator mounted thereon.
15. The method of claim 11, further comprising generating a first
initiation signal to initiate the visual alert when an operator
depresses a momentary switch, and said providing the visual alert
continuing while the momentary switch is depressed.
16. The method of claim 15, further comprising generating a second
initiation signal to initiate the audible alert when the operator
depresses a latching switch, and said providing the visual alert
and providing the audible alert continuing while the latching
switch is depressed.
17. The method of claim 11, wherein the sound system includes a
plurality of horn loudspeakers.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the horn loudspeakers have an
amplitude response of about 600 Hz to 4 kHz dB, a beamwidth of
about 60 degrees in the horizontal plane and about 20 degrees in
the vertical plane, and an axial directivity factor of about
27.5.
19. The method of claim 11, wherein the visual alert is highly
directional laterally to minimize unintended distraction to
non-affected vehicle operators.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the visual alert has a beam
pattern of about 40 degrees horizontal spread and about 30 degrees
vertical spread and a sharp cutoff at the edges of the beam
pattern.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional
Patent Application Ser. No. 62/318,989, filed Apr. 6, 2016,
entitled "Alert Warning System." The entire contents of the
above-identified application are expressly incorporated herein by
reference, including the contents and teachings of any references
contained therein.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Vehicle operators frequently engage in secondary tasks,
which can result in what is typically referred to as distracted
driving. In recent surveys, about two-thirds of all drivers
reported using a cell phone while driving. And a study by the
Virginia Tech Transportation Institute revealed that texting while
driving increases the risk of being involved in a critical incident
by 23 times. As an example of the dangers of distracted driving,
13.8 percent of fatal traffic crashes from 2011-2013 in the state
of Missouri involved at least one distracted driver.
[0003] Mobile road crews often use signs mounted on vehicles to
warn motorists of operations ahead and to divert vehicles before
they reach the work zones. Vehicle-mounted signs and the like use
high-intensity rotating, flashing, oscillating, or strobe lights.
Unfortunately, the effectiveness of a warning sign is greatly
diminished by distracted driving. In other words, a motorist must
notice a warning sign for it to be effective.
SUMMARY
[0004] Aspects of the invention provide a two-stage warning that
employs an audible alert emitted by a sound system in conjunction
with a visible alert emitted by lights on a truck mounted
attenuator (TMA), crash absorption device, or the like. If an
oncoming motorist fails to react to the visible alert and
approaches within an unsafe distance of the TMA, the TMA operator
activates a unique audible alert to grab the motorist's attention.
According to another aspect of the invention, a camera activation
system automatically enables the visible alert and/or audible
alert.
[0005] In an aspect, an alert warning system includes lights and a
sound system. The lights are configured to provide a visual alert
to an operator of an approaching vehicle, and the sound system is
configured to provide an audible alert to the operator. The visual
and audible alerts are responsive to a two-part initiation event. A
first part of the initiation event initiates the visual alert when
the approaching vehicle reaches a first predetermined distance from
a safety target. A second part of the initiation event initiates
the audible alert when the approaching vehicle reaches a second
predetermined distance from the safety target. The second
predetermined distance is less than the first predetermined
distance.
[0006] In another aspect, a method includes providing a visual
alert to an operator of a vehicle approaching a protected zone by
emitting light from light units when the vehicle reaches a first
predetermined distance from the protected zone. The method also
includes providing an audible alert to the operator of the vehicle
by emitting sound from a sound system when the vehicle reaches a
second predetermined distance from the protected zone. The second
predetermined distance is less than the first predetermined
distance.
[0007] Other objects and features will be in part apparent and in
part pointed out hereinafter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary environment within which an
embodiment of the invention may be incorporated.
[0009] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary alert warning
system according to an embodiment.
[0010] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary switch of the alert warning
system of FIG. 2 according to an embodiment.
[0011] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary automatic activation process
of the alert warning system of FIG. 2 according to an
embodiment.
[0012] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary light of the alert warning
system of FIG. 2 according to an embodiment.
[0013] FIG. 6 illustrates a frequency response of the light of the
alert warning system of FIG. 2 according to an embodiment.
[0014] FIG. 7 illustrates a beamwidth of the light of the alert
warning system of FIG. 2 according to an embodiment.
[0015] FIG. 8 illustrates an axial directivity of the light of the
alert warning system of FIG. 2 according to an embodiment.
[0016] FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary horn loudspeaker of the
sound system of the alert warning system of FIG. 2 according to an
embodiment.
[0017] FIG. 10 illustrates a vehicle having a truck mounted
attenuator and the alert warning system of FIG. 2 mounted thereon
according to an embodiment.
[0018] Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding
parts throughout the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary environment, generally
indicated at 100, within which aspects of the present invention may
be utilized. The environment 100 includes a vehicle 102 (e.g.,
operated by a motorist) traveling on a thoroughfare 104 towards a
protected zone 106 within the thoroughfare 104. Located between the
protected zone 106 and the vehicle 102 is an alert warning system
(AWS) 108. In an embodiment, the distance between protected zone
106 and the AWS 108 is referred to as a buffer zone 110. A visual
alert threshold 112 and an audible alert threshold 114 are each
located between vehicle 102 and AWS 108. The visual alert threshold
112 is a first distance, d.sub.V, from AWS 108, and the audible
alert threshold 114 is a second distance, d.sub.A, from AWS 108. In
an embodiment, the second distance (d.sub.A) is less than the first
distance (d.sub.V).
[0020] In an embodiment, environment 100 is located on land,
thoroughfare 104 is a road, highway, and the like, and vehicle 102
is a car, truck, bus, and the like. In another embodiment in which
environment 100 is located on land, thoroughfare 104 is a railway
and the like, and vehicle 102 is a train, a tram, and the like.
Although the environment is described as being on land, one having
ordinary skill in the art will understand that thoroughfares
comprising bridges, tunnels, and the like are within the scope of
the invention. In another embodiment, environment 100 is located on
water (e.g., river, lake, ocean, etc.), thoroughfare 104 is a
strait, channel, waterway, and the like, and vehicle 102 is a boat,
ship, and the like. In yet another embodiment, environment 100 is
located in the air, thoroughfare 104 is an airway and the like, and
vehicle 102 is an airplane, a helicopter, and the like. One having
ordinary skill in the art will understand that environment 100 may
encompass multiple combinations of environments, thoroughfares,
and/or vehicles. For example, thoroughfare 104 may be a runway
located on land and vehicle 102 may be an airplane coming in for
landing.
[0021] For sake of brevity, aspects of the invention are described
below in an embodiment in which thoroughfare 104 is a roadway,
protected zone 106 is a construction work zone, and AWS 108 is
mounted on a shadow truck having a truck-mounted attenuator (TMA),
crash absorption device, or the like. However, one of ordinary
skill in the art will understand that aspects of the invention may
be incorporated within other embodiments. For example, in an
embodiment protected zone 106 includes a disabled vehicle, accident
scene, temporary road closure (e.g., parade route, etc.), moving
construction zone, stationary construction zone, or the like and
AWS 108 is mounted on a tow truck, law enforcement vehicle,
emergency response vehicle, or the like. In yet another embodiment,
protected zone 106 is a school zone and AWS 108 is mounted adjacent
thoroughfare 104, such as on sign posts or the like. Although
protected zone 106 is illustrated within thoroughfare 104 in FIG.
1, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that protected
zone 106 may be adjacent to thoroughfare 104 (e.g., a disabled
vehicle on the side of a road, etc.).
[0022] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of AWS 108 according to an
embodiment. The AWS 108 includes a controller 202, a switch 204, a
camera activation system 206, a wireless communications transceiver
208, an amplifier 210, a sound system 212, lights 214, and an
electrical power source 216. The controller 202 is configured to
receive inputs from the switch 204, camera activation system 206,
and/or transceiver 208 and provide control outputs to switch 204,
transceiver 208, amplifier 210, sound system 212, and/or lights
214. In an embodiment, controller 202 is also configured to
distribute power from the power source 216 to switch 204, camera
activation system 206, transceiver 208, amplifier 210, sound system
212, and/or lights 214. The controller 202 may be electronic
circuitry, a microcontroller, a processor, or the like. In an
embodiment, controller 202 includes a computer-readable storage
medium (e.g., memory device) configured for storing
computer-executable instructions and/or data values. In accordance
with an aspect of the invention, switch 204 is configured for
attaching to a safety (e.g., breakaway) lanyard, such as via a
steel metal split ring (e.g., key ring).
[0023] The switch 204 is configured to initiate a visual alert via
lights 210 and/or an audible alert via amplifier 212 and/or sound
system 214. FIG. 3 illustrates switch 204 as a handheld unit for
manual alert initiation according to an embodiment. The switch 204
includes two momentary buttons, visual alert button 302 and audible
alert button 304. In an embodiment, buttons 302 and 304 are backlit
when AWS 108 is powered on. In an embodiment, switch 204 is
communicatively coupled to controller 202 via a wired communication
medium 306, such as any medium that allows data to be physically
transferred through serial or parallel communication channels
(e.g., copper, wire, optical fiber, computer bus, etc.).
[0024] In another embodiment, switch 204 includes a remote logic
module and an antenna and is communicatively coupled to controller
202 via a wireless communication channel, such as the 2.4 GHz ISM
band using proprietary encoded data streams with 16-bit cyclic
redundancy check (CRC) error handling. In accordance with an aspect
of the invention, the wireless communication embodiment of switch
204 may be referred to as a key fob. Additional wireless
communication channels include, but are not limited to,
telecommunications networks that facilitate the exchange of data,
such as those that operate according to the IEEE 802.11 (e.g.,
Wi-Fi) and/or IEEE 802.15 (e.g., Bluetooth) protocols, for example.
In accordance with an aspect of the invention, utilizing a wireless
communication channel enables an effective outdoor range of about
750 feet between switch 204 and controller 202.
[0025] In the wireless communication embodiment, switch 204 has its
own 32-bit electronic serial number (ESN) with over 4 million
unique values available for pairing to transceiver 208 and/or
controller 202. In accordance with an aspect of the invention,
switch 204 (e.g., key fob) can be paired to an unlimited number of
AWS 108 modules (e.g., controller 202) and each AWS 108 module
(e.g., controller 202) can be paired with up to sixty switches 204
(e.g., key fobs). In an embodiment, all pairings can be deleted
from an AWS 108 module (e.g., controller 202), for example if a
switch 204 (e.g., key fob) is lost, rendering that switch
inoperable with that system. In another embodiment, switch 204
wirelessly communicates with transceiver 208 and/or controller 202
via a proprietary interference immunity algorithm to enable
penetration through high-saturation radio frequency (RF) noise. For
example, aspects of the invention are tolerant to Wi-Fi
interference, heavy 2.4 GHz noise and interference, and/or motor
noise and interference.
[0026] In either communications embodiment, depression (i.e.,
selection) of visual alert button 302 (FIG. 3) activates lights 210
to flash at a predetermined rate. In an exemplary embodiment, the
predetermined rate is 90 flashes per minute. The lights 210 will
continue to flash as long as the operator depresses visual alert
button 302. Upon the operator releasing visual alert button 302,
lights 210 will immediately cease flashing. In an embodiment, a
backlit visual alert button 302 flashes in unison with lights 210
while the visual alert button 302 is depressed. In another
embodiment, a visual alert light 308 (e.g., a light-emitting diode,
etc.) flashes in unison with lights 210 while the visual alert
button 302 is depressed.
[0027] Depression of audible alert button 304 activates lights 210
to flash at the predetermined rate and sound system 214 to emit an
audible alert. The lights 210 will continue to flash as long as the
operator depresses audible alert button 304. In an embodiment,
backlit visual alert button 302 flashes in unison with lights 210
while the audible alert button 304 is depressed. In another
embodiment, the visual alert light 308 flashes in unison with
lights 210 while the audible alert button 304 is depressed. The
sound system 214 will continue to emit the audible alert as long as
audible alert button 304 is depressed. In an embodiment, backlit
audible alert button 304 illuminates while audible alert button 304
is depressed. In another embodiment, an audible alert light 310
(e.g., a light-emitting diode, etc.) illuminates while audible
alert button 304 is depressed.
[0028] The audible alert emitted by sound system 214 will continue
as long as audible alert button 304 is depressed, up to a
predetermined maximum sound activation time (MSAT). In an
embodiment, the MSAT is one minute. Once this threshold is reached,
the audible alert emitted by sound system 214 will cease can
audible alert button 304 and/or audible alert light 310 will begin
flashing to indicate that the audible alert has been
deactivated.
[0029] Upon releasing audible alert button 304, lights 210
immediately cease flashing and the audible alert emitted by sound
system 214 will cease (e.g., when on) or begin to reset (e.g., when
the MSAT has elapsed). When the MSAT has been reached, AWS 108
automatically begins a recovery sequence that is designed to
prevent thermal damage to speaker drivers of sound system 214. In
an embodiment, the recovery process is set so that for each one
second the audible alert is off, the MSAT recovers by two seconds.
For example, a total of approximately thirty seconds of audible
alert inactivity will reset the MSAT to its full level. In another
embodiment, the time of delay varies based upon climate conditions.
In an embodiment, switch 204 includes a means (e.g., a button, a
switch, etc.) for reducing the intensity of light emitted by lights
210 by up to about 40% (e.g., for nighttime use, use in tunnels,
etc.). In another embodiment, AWS 108 has an automatic dimming
function controlled by an externally mounted photoelectric cell
that causes the intensity of lights 210 to be reduced (e.g., to
one-half intensity, up to 40%, etc.) so as not to blind or
otherwise impact a driver's ability to see clearly around the
vehicle.
[0030] Referring again to FIG. 2, camera activation system 206 is
configured to acquire and process image data of vehicle 102
approaching AWS 108, determine when vehicle 102 crosses visual
alert threshold 112 and/or audible alert threshold 114, and
activate lights 210 and/or sound system 214 in response. The AWS
108 would then be an Automatic Alert Warning System. This feature
eliminates reliance on a vehicle operator to activate visual and/or
audible alerts. This feature also allows AWS 108 to protect
individuals that are working outside the vehicle, such as a highway
worker, tow truck operator, AAA motorist responder, utility company
operator, law enforcement officer, or the like. In an embodiment,
AWS 108 operating in an automatic alert mode may be manually
overridden, such as via switch 204 for example.
[0031] The camera activation system 206 turns on lights 210 when it
detects vehicle 102 heading in its lane or coming too close to AWS
108 at a distance of 1,200 feet, for example. Then if vehicle 102
does not change lanes or otherwise alter its course to avoid
protected zone 106, the Automatic System activates lights 210 and
sound system 214 to emit visual and audible alerts, respectively,
until the danger to protected zone 106 (e.g., the worker and the
vehicle) has passed.
[0032] The lights 210 give the operator of vehicle 102 a visual
warning to avoid protected zone 106. In addition, the audible alert
notifies people within protected zone 106 to be alert, that they
are now in danger, and they may have just a few seconds to react
and move to a safer location like moving in front of their work
unit. In an embodiment, workers are able to choose the recommended
distance on high-speed roadways as mentioned above, but are also
able to choose a lesser distance of activation on lower speed
roadways. Distances can be predetermined by design and or even
adjustable by the operator for a particular location.
[0033] In an embodiment, camera activation system 206 is adjustable
for road lane width and distances. One of ordinary skill in the art
is familiar with similar types of technology (e.g., for traffic
signal camera activations). This makes AWS 108 more adaptable to
various work groups and with unmanned vehicles. In one or more
embodiments, camera activation system 206 additionally or
alternatively utilizes radar, cameras, sensors (e.g., ultrasonic,
infrared, etc.), LIDAR, laser, GPS, satellite, and/or any
combination thereof to acquire data representative of the location
of vehicle 102 and may be referred to as a sensor activation
system. In another embodiment, camera activation system 206 and/or
controller 202 are configured to record collected data (e.g., image
data, etc.), such as to capture situations in which vehicle 102 has
a close call with the vehicle on which AWS 108 is mounted and/or
protected zone 106, vehicle 102 contacts the vehicle on which AWS
108 is mounted and/or workers in protected zone 106, and the like.
The recorded data may be used for law enforcement, insurance,
training, and the like, for example.
[0034] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary automatic process performed
by AWS 108 including camera activation system 206 in an embodiment.
The controller 202 receives a value for visual alert threshold 112
at step 402 and a value for audible alert threshold 114 at step
404. At step 406, camera activation system 206 monitors vehicles
(e.g., vehicle 102) approaching AWS 108. At step 408, processor 202
and/or camera activation system 206 determines whether one or more
monitored vehicles have crossed visual alert threshold 112. When no
vehicles are within visual alert threshold 112, the process
continues to monitor at step 406. When at least one vehicle is
within visual alert threshold 112, processor 202 causes lights 210
to emit the visual alert (e.g., turn lights 210 on) and processor
202 and/or camera activation system 206 tracks the vehicle.
[0035] At step 412, processor 202 and/or camera activation system
206 determines whether the vehicle has avoided protected zone 106,
such as by changing lanes, stopping, altering course, or the like.
When the vehicle has taken action to mitigate danger to protected
zone 106, the process continues to monitor approaching vehicles at
step 406. When the vehicle has not taken any action to avoid
protected zone 106, processor 202 and/or camera activation system
206 determines whether the vehicle has crossed audible alert
threshold 114, at step 414. When processor 202 and/or camera
activation system 206 determines that the vehicle is not within
audible alert threshold 114, processor 202 and/or camera activation
system 206 continue to provide the visual alert and track the
vehicle at step 410. When processor 202 and/or camera activation
system 206 determines, at step 414, that at least one vehicle is
within audible alert threshold 114, processor 202 causes sound
system 214 to emit the audible alert (e.g., produce an audible
sound).
[0036] Additionally or alternatively, camera activation system 206
may be utilized in a manual mode of operation. In an exemplary
embodiment, camera activation system 206 acquires and processes
image data of vehicle 102 approaching AWS 108. The resulting images
are then displayed on a display device (e.g., LCD screen, etc.) of
the vehicle near the AWS operator to enable the AWS operator to see
approaching vehicles while also operating the vehicle. In mobile
road work operations, for example, this operation permits a single
person to both operate the road crew vehicle and operate AWS 108
without relying on the use of mirrors or the like. In another
embodiment, the images are displayed on the display device with
overlaid visual indicia (e.g., red lines, etc.) of visual alert
threshold 112 and/or audible alert threshold 114.
[0037] Referring again to FIG. 2, lights 210 are configured to emit
electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye (e.g.,
wavelengths from about 390 to 700 nanometers/frequency of about
430-770 THz) to provide the visual alert to the operator of vehicle
102. FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary light 210 according to an
embodiment. In an embodiment, each light 210 includes six white
illumination light-emitting diode (LED) light pods 502. One of
ordinary skill in the art will understand that the number of LED
light pods 502 that comprise each light 210 may vary (e.g., three
LED light pods 502 when light 210 is mounted on a car, etc.) and
that the illumination color of the LED light pods 502 may vary
(e.g., yellow, green, purple, combinations thereof, etc.). The
illumination color of LED light pods 502 is also altered by colored
lenses in an embodiment. The light 210 is configured for mounting
on the rear of any vehicle equipped with an energy absorbing crash
protection system or the like, in accordance with an embodiment of
the invention. The optics of light 210 create a beam pattern that
ensures the illumination from LED light pods 502 is highly
directional horizontally (i.e., laterally) to minimize unintended
distraction to vehicle operators in non-affected lanes. Moreover,
the beam pattern provides adequate vertical visibility, such as for
use in hilly environments. In an embodiment, the beam pattern
includes a forty degree horizontal spread and a thirty degree
vertical spread. The light beam produced by light 210 includes a
sharp cut off at the edges of this defined sweet spot. In a further
embodiment, LED light pods 502 have instant on/off capability,
which means no time is required for warm up. In yet another
embodiment, each LED light pod 502 includes a virtually unbreakable
polycarbonate lens.
[0038] In an exemplary embodiment, each LED light pod 502 has the
following specifications:
TABLE-US-00001 Watts/Amps@ 12 VDC: 27.2 W/2.26 A Operating Voltage:
10~41 VDC Kelvin Rating: 6000 K Shock Resistance: GB/T
10485-2007/11.4.4.2 Raw Lumens: 2600 Operating Temp: About
-40.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. Lens: Polycarbonate Optic
Purity: 93%
[0039] In an embodiment, LED light pods 502 are enclosed in an A403
high purity aluminum housing 504. For example, housing 504 may
include a UV polyester powder coat finish in accordance with an
aspect of the invention. The housing 504 is coupled to stainless
steel mounting brackets 506 for providing a universal surface
mounting type. In an embodiment, light 210 is 7.59 inches long,
1.73 inches in height, and 3.05 inches deep. In another embodiment,
light 210 is electrically coupled to processor 202 via a
lead/connector, such as a nineteen inch lead with a waterproof ATP,
for example. In yet another embodiment, light 210 includes a
pressure relief valve (e.g., military breather) (not shown),
over/under voltage protection circuitry (not shown), and/or
integrated thermal management circuitry (not shown). FIG. 6
illustrates a frequency response of light 210, according to an
embodiment. FIG. 7 illustrates a beamwidth of light 210, according
to an embodiment. FIG. 8 illustrates an axial directivity (e.g.,
"Axial Q") of light 210, according to an embodiment.
[0040] Referring again to FIG. 2, amplifier 212 is configured to
increase the power of an audio signal to generate the audible
alert. In an embodiment, amplifier 212 is a 400-Watt Class-AD
two-channel amplifier. In an embodiment, amplifier 212 includes
seals to protect against dust, is comprised of UV inhibitor
materials (e.g., Centrex, ASA plastic, etc.), includes corrosion
protection on electronic circuitry (e.g., epoxy coated PCB boards),
and includes stainless steel hardware. In an exemplary embodiment,
amplifier 212 has the following specifications:
TABLE-US-00002 CEA-2006 Compliant CEA-2006 Power Rating 200 W
.times. 2 @ 4.OMEGA. .ltoreq.1.0% THD + N Rated Power (RMS
Continuous 200 Watts .times. 2 @ 4-Ohm Power) Total Power - (Sum of
Rated Power) 400 Watts Dynamic Power 223 Watts .times. 2 @ 4-Ohm
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD + 2-Ohm: <1.0% Noise) Input
Sensitivity 150 mV-12 V Signal Output None Power Wire Gauge 8 AWG
Speaker Output Connector: 4-pin Harness Power Wire Gauge 8 AWG
Speaker Output Connector 4-Pin Harness Speaker Wire Gauge 16 AWG
Heat Sink Type Extruded Aluminum Cooling Dual Fan Cooled Remote
Controls Optional PLC2 provides Punch Level Control Visual
Indicators Power: Blue LED Protect: Red LED Input Clip: Red LED
Output Clip Blue/Red LED Circuit Topology Class Class-A/D Operating
Voltage 9-16 VDC Recommended Fuse 60 A Max. Current Draw (13.8 V
Sinewave) 45 A Average Current Draw (13.8 V Music) 23 A Suggested
Alternator 75 A Shipping Weight 2.9 Lbs. (1.31 Kg.) Dimensions (H
.times. W .times. D) 1.6 .times. 4.25 .times. 7 (in.) (4.1 .times.
10.79 .times. 17.78 (cm))
[0041] The sound system 214 is configured to emit electromagnetic
radiation that can be perceived by human ears (e.g., wavelengths of
about 17 meters to about 17 millimeters/frequency of about 20 Hz to
20 kHz) to provide the audible alert to the operator of vehicle 102
and/or other persons (e.g., passengers in vehicle 102, persons
within or near protected zone 106, etc.). In an embodiment, the
audible alert includes a unique mixed up sound that grabs the
attention of approaching motorists and/or other persons, such as
nearby workers, law enforcement officers, and the like. According
to aspects of the invention, the sound pattern of the audible alert
is unique to AWS 108 and designed so as to not be confused with law
enforcement, fire protection, ambulance or other emergency vehicle
sirens.
[0042] FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary sound system 214 comprised
of four horn loudspeakers 902. In an embodiment, the drivers of
horn loudspeakers 902 are two-inch (51 mm) exit compression type,
specifically designed for midrange frequency response. Each
two-inch driver is mounted within a line array design fiberglass
exponential horn with an integral fiberglass weather-resistant
cover incorporating gland nut cable ingress. In accordance with an
aspect of the invention, the horn and driver combination of
loudspeakers 902 has an amplitude response of about 600 Hz to 4 kHz
dB (+/-4.0 dB), an overall range from about 200 Hz to 10 kHz, with
an input capability of about 49 VRMS, 118 dB sensitivity at 1
meter/2.83V between about 600 Hz to 4 kHz, and a nominal impedance
of about 4 Ohms. Each driver incorporates a large magnet structure,
a one-piece, non-metallic diaphragm/suspension, and a copper-clad
aluminum edgewound voice coil on a Kapton former immersed
Ferrofluid. In an exemplary embodiment, the compression ratio is
1.84 to 1. Each diaphragm assembly is field replaceable. In a
further embodiment, sound system 214 including the horn and driver
system described herein weighs 54.2 pounds (24.58 kg), and when
including an optional factory-installed bracket assembly weighs
71.3 pounds (32.34 kg). One of ordinary skill in the art will
understand that the number and size of loudspeakers 902 and/or
other speakers comprising sound system 214 may vary. For example,
smaller speakers may be utilized to generate the audible alert for
operators of smaller vehicles (e.g., motorcycles, scooters, etc.)
in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0043] In an exemplary embodiment, sound system 214 has the
following specifications:
TABLE-US-00003 Operating Range 400 Hz to 8 kHz 600 Hz to 4 kHz
(.+-.4 dB) Max Input Ratings 300 W continuous, 750 W program 49
volts RMS, 110 volts momentary peak Usable LF Limit 400 Hz Throat
Entrance Diameter 4'' .times. 2'' Axial Sensitivity (1 W/1 m) 118
dB SPL (600 Hz to 4 kHz 1/3 octave bands) 117 dB SPL (250 Hz to 4
kHz speech range) Maximum Output 143 dB SPL/150 dB SPL (peak)
Nominal Impedance 11 ohms Nominal-6 dB Beamwidth 60.degree. H
(+1.degree./-4.degree., 1600 Hz to 4000 Hz) 20.degree. V
(+20.degree./-0.degree., 1600 Hz to 4000 Hz) Axial Q 27.5 1.6 to 4
kHz Axial DI 14.4 Construction Hand laminated, reinforced composite
fiberglass Interior: Black gelcoat Exterior: Grey gelcoat Drivers 4
.times. 200, ferrofluid-cooled Environmental Performance IEC529
IP65W rating with a minimum 5- degree downward aiming angle
Mounting Hardware Factory-installed mounting bracket, hot- dipped
galvanized 304 stainless steel Dimensions - Height 28.5 inches
(723.9 mm) Dimensions - Width 24.5 inches (622.3 mm) Dimensions -
Depth 22.5 inches (571.5 mm) Weight (loudspeaker) 54.2 lbs (24.58
kg) Weight (loudspeaker with 71.3 lbs (32.34 kg) bracket
assembly)
[0044] Referring again to FIG. 2, power source 216 is configured to
supply electrical power to one or more components of AWS 108.
Exemplary power sources include, but are not limited to, a battery
(e.g., automotive battery, Lithium-ion battery, etc.), an electric
power generator, a solar cell, and the like. In an embodiment,
power source 216 comprises an electrical subsystem of a vehicle
(e.g., road crew vehicle) within which AWS 108 is incorporated.
[0045] FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary embodiment in which AWS 108
is utilized on a road crew vehicle 1002 including a message board
1004 and a TMA 1006.
[0046] According to aspects of the present invention, AWS 108
employs alert lights 210 in an attempt to alert motorists of a
situation on the roadway ahead, such as protected zone 106 (e.g., a
work zone or road crew). In an embodiment, an operator of AWS 108
activates lights 210 via switch 204 when he or she notices a
motorist driving toward the work zone or road crew and believes the
motorist is unaware of the situation ahead. The AWS operator may be
in a vehicle positioned closest to the traffic (e.g., road crew
vehicle 1002). This vehicle is often referred to as "the hot seat"
because of the potential for being hit by a motorist.
[0047] In an embodiment, AWS 108 includes six lights 210 mounted on
the rear of road crew vehicle 1002. One of ordinary skill in the
art will understand that the number of lights 210 may vary (e.g.,
smaller vehicles, cars, SUVs, and the like may use three lights
210, etc.). The lights are mounted facing the rear (i.e., toward
traffic) with three mounted high (210-A) and three mounted low
(210-B). The height of lights 210-B from the road surface is
approximately the eye-level height of a vehicle operator of an
approaching standard car, and the height of lights 210-A from the
road surface is approximately the eye-level height of a vehicle
operator of an approaching tractor-trailer truck. In an exemplary
embodiment, high-mounted lights 210-A are between about 72 and 106
inches above the road surface, and low-mounted lights 210-B are
between about 42 and 54 inches above the road surface.
[0048] Easy disconnects are used on all wiring so that when the
arrow board or message board 1004 is removed, the AWS 108 can also
be easily removed and stay attached to one of those devices. In an
embodiment, a distance of 1,000 feet directly behind road crew
vehicle 1002 (e.g., d.sub.V) is used to adjust lights 210 to
optimize their effect. The optics create a beam pattern including,
for example, a 40 degree horizontal and 30 degree spread to ensure
the illumination is highly directional laterally to minimize
unintended distraction in non-affected lanes and provides adequate
vertical visibility for use in hilly environments. The light beam
further has a sharp "cut off" at the edges of this defined "sweet
spot." The lights remain visible at all times. Signs and equipment
should not obstruct lights 210.
[0049] In an embodiment, activation of the visual alert (e.g.,
lights 210) begins when an approaching vehicle 102 is as far back
as 0.2 mile (1,056 feet), or roughly 26-27 road skips, from road
crew vehicle 1002. In another embodiment, activation occurs sooner
when road crew vehicle 1002 is nearing a hill and/or a curve. The
visual alert preferably remains on until the operator of road crew
vehicle 1002 and/or camera activation system 206 observes the
approaching motorist make a move to change lanes, significantly
slow down, or turn on a turn signal showing the motorist is
attempting to change lanes. The operator should remember that
traffic may be behind the motorist approaching TMA 1006 and the
trailing motorists need as much time as possible to react to the
TMA 1006 as well so the sooner the first motorist reacts, the
sooner the next motorist behind can as well. The operator should
not allow a motorist to remain behind the TMA 1006 because this is
a dangerous location for the motorist to be in. The operator should
activate the visual alert in an attempt to get the approaching
motorist's attention to pass when it is safe for them to do so. The
operator should not direct traffic with hand signals.
[0050] In an embodiment, AWS 108 activates lights 210 early, as
soon as the operator and/or camera activation system 206 notices
vehicle 102 approaching in their lane, even as far back as a mile
marker. Exemplary landmarks for determining distances between road
crew vehicle 1002 (e.g., AWS 108) and visual alert threshold 112
and/or audible alert threshold 114 include mile markers that are
two tenths of a mile (1,056 feet) apart, white road skips (e.g., 26
per 1,056 feet), and the like. When vehicle 102 alters course
(e.g., turns on its turn signal and begins to change lanes) the
visual alert can be turned off. The operator and/or camera
activation system then watches closely for traffic behind that
first vehicle.
[0051] In an embodiment, AWS 108 is prepared to activate the visual
alert and/or audible alert more than once for a line of traffic
heading towards TMA 1006. The first vehicle may very well see TMA
1006 or road crew vehicle 1002 ahead but wait to change lanes as
they close-in on TMA 1006. This results in vehicles behind the
first vehicle having less distance and time to change lanes. In an
embodiment, the visual alert and/or audible alert are turned on
early and left on until all the vehicles in the lane leading up to
TMA 1006 have cleared that lane.
[0052] The visual alert emitted by lights 210 is designed to inform
and alert the motorist heading towards TMA 1006 that these lights
are different and should give the motorist heading towards them a
real sense of "Wow something up ahead is trying to tell me
something." Once the motorist sees the visual alert emitted by
lights 210, the motorist will not want to continue in the lane the
visual alert is activated in, they will change lanes. Video and
field surveys have proven that once motorists see the visual alert
emitted by lights 210 ahead they do change lanes and do so earlier.
That is what the operator wants them to do, this allows for
motorist behind them to also have time to change lanes.
[0053] In an embodiment, the visual alert and/or audible alert are
not left on continuously in order to reduce the chance of
desensitizing approaching motorists to a constant set of flashing
lights and/or audible alert.
[0054] In another embodiment, the AWS 108 includes an audible alert
in addition to the visual alert, as further described herein. The
audible alert emitted by sound system 214 is designed to work in
conjunction with the visual alert on TMA 1006 either in a moving
work zone or a stationary work zone. In an embodiment, sound system
214 includes an array of horn loudspeakers 214-A as further
described herein. Additionally or alternatively, sound system 214
includes directional speakers 210-B. For example, sound system 214
may include two 100-Watt directional speakers each enclosed in an
aluminum housing. One of ordinary skill in the art will understand
that varying numbers of speakers and/or speakers of varying sizes
are within the scope of the present invention.
[0055] In an embodiment, the operator of TMA 1006 activates sound
system 214 when motorists continue to approach TMA 1006 and the
operator determines the motorists may hit TMA 1006 and/or crews
within the work zone (e.g., protected zone 106). In an embodiment,
the operator depresses a button (e.g., audible alert button 304)
that activates the visual alert (e.g., turning on lights 210) and
the audible alert (e.g., turning on sound system 214). The two
systems are designed to work together: Lights first and, if no
response is detected by the operator that the motorist is changing
lanes, the Sound is then activated along with the lights to give a
visual as well as an audio alert.
[0056] Advantageously, AWS 108 gives motorists as much time as
possible to react and change lanes. This needs to happen as early
as possible so that traffic behind the first motorist heading
toward a work zone or road crew also has time to react and avoid
hitting TMA 1006 or work crews the TMA is protecting. Embodiments
of the invention save money, simplify work, save time, improve
safety, and so forth. If motorists are unresponsive and not
changing lanes, then the audible alert is activated to add an audio
alert to the visual alert by increasing possible reaction time to
change lanes. In an embodiment, the audible alert is generated to
additionally or alternatively warn nearby workers, law enforcement
officials, and the like of the approaching danger. The goal is to
prevent or reduce TMA hits and protect workers on the ground. This
will also lessen work vehicles from being damaged and taken out of
service, reduce crew injuries, and reduce motorists damaging their
vehicles and, of course, injuries to themselves.
[0057] In an embodiment, aspects of AWS 108 are attached to road
crew vehicle 1002, message board 1004, and/or TMA 1006. The AWS 108
has quick disconnects and stays on the framework of the
arrow/message board 1004. It is designed to last as long as the
road crew vehicle 1002 and the arrow/message board 1004 are in use.
Aspects of sound system 214 are configured to attach to lights 210
already in use and works in conjunction with lights 210, together
known as the Alert Warning System.
[0058] In a further embodiment, AWS 108 operates in conjunction
with a mobile phone application to automatically notify app users
when the AWS is activated nearby. In an embodiment, AWS 108
communicates with mobile phone applications executing on mobile
computing devices to warn all devices within a predetermined
distance (e.g., one mile, etc.) of a lane closure ahead, a shoulder
closure ahead, or the like and/or caution that a construction zone
is ahead, a law enforcement scene is ahead, a tow vehicle is ahead,
a utility vehicle is ahead, or the like. For example, the
information (e.g., text, images, sounds, etc.) conveyed by the
mobile applications is applicable to the type of unit protected by
AWS 108.
[0059] In operation, alert lights have greatly reduced accidents
and close calls involving mobile and stationary work zones or crews
on highways and other roads. Unfortunately, people who are texting
and doing other things in their vehicles may not look up in time to
see the alert lights. If the lights are not being seen, motorists
are more likely to come too close to the work zone or road crew to
avoid hitting someone. In an embodiment, AWS 108 activates two rows
of flashing lights (210-A, 210-B) when about a mile marker back,
1100 feet or so, and if the cars continue coming the cruise
automatically switch the button (e.g., audible alert button 304) to
number two and it activates the lights again, along with the
audible alert. And the operator can try to do that 800 feet to
1,000 feet; that is a long way back and gives the public depending
on their speed, anywhere from 7 to 10 seconds to react to avoid a
near miss or an accident. With the activation of the sound,
motorists look up, some sooner than others, but they see the
lights, they hear the sound. They tend to get over sooner, rather
than closer.
[0060] Embodiments of the present disclosure may comprise a special
purpose computer including a variety of computer hardware, as
described in greater detail below.
[0061] Embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure also
include computer-readable media for carrying or having
computer-executable instructions or data structures stored thereon.
Such computer-readable media can be any available media that can be
accessed by a special purpose computer. By way of example, and not
limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM,
EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk
storage, or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium
that can be used to carry or store desired program code means in
the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures and
that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose
computer. When information is transferred or provided over a
network or another communications connection (either hardwired,
wireless, or a combination of hardwired or wireless) to a computer,
the computer properly views the connection as a computer-readable
medium. Thus, any such connection is properly termed a
computer-readable medium. Combinations of the above should also be
included within the scope of computer-readable media.
Computer-executable instructions comprise, for example,
instructions and data which cause a general purpose computer,
special purpose computer, or special purpose processing device to
perform a certain function or group of functions.
[0062] The following discussion is intended to provide a brief,
general description of a suitable computing environment in which
aspects of the disclosure may be implemented. Although not
required, aspects of the disclosure will be described in the
general context of computer-executable instructions, such as
program modules, being executed by computers in network
environments. Generally, program modules include routines,
programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform
particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
Computer-executable instructions, associated data structures, and
program modules represent examples of the program code means for
executing steps of the methods disclosed herein. The particular
sequence of such executable instructions or associated data
structures represent examples of corresponding acts for
implementing the functions described in such steps.
[0063] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that aspects of the
disclosure may be practiced in network computing environments with
many types of computer system configurations, including personal
computers, hand-held devices, multi-processor systems,
microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, network
PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and the like. Aspects of
the disclosure may also be practiced in distributed computing
environments where tasks are performed by local and remote
processing devices that are linked (either by hardwired links,
wireless links, or by a combination of hardwired or wireless links)
through a communications network. In a distributed computing
environment, program modules may be located in both local and
remote memory storage devices.
[0064] An exemplary system for implementing aspects of the
disclosure includes a special purpose computing device in the form
of a conventional computer, including a processing unit, a system
memory, and a system bus that couples various system components
including the system memory to the processing unit. The system bus
may be any of several types of bus structures including a memory
bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using
any of a variety of bus architectures. The system memory includes
read only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM). A basic
input/output system (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help
transfer information between elements within the computer, such as
during start-up, may be stored in ROM. Further, the computer may
include any device (e.g., computer, laptop, tablet, PDA, cell
phone, mobile phone, a smart television, and the like) that is
capable of receiving or transmitting an IP address wirelessly to or
from the internet.
[0065] The computer may also include a magnetic hard disk drive for
reading from and writing to a magnetic hard disk, a magnetic disk
drive for reading from or writing to a removable magnetic disk, and
an optical disk drive for reading from or writing to removable
optical disk such as a CD-ROM or other optical media. The magnetic
hard disk drive, magnetic disk drive, and optical disk drive are
connected to the system bus by a hard disk drive interface, a
magnetic disk drive-interface, and an optical drive interface,
respectively. The drives and their associated computer-readable
media provide nonvolatile storage of computer-executable
instructions, data structures, program modules, and other data for
the computer. Although the exemplary environment described herein
employs a magnetic hard disk, a removable magnetic disk, and a
removable optical disk, other types of computer readable media for
storing data can be used, including magnetic cassettes, flash
memory cards, digital video disks, Bernoulli cartridges, RAMs,
ROMs, solid state drives (SSDs), and the like.
[0066] The computer typically includes a variety of computer
readable media. Computer readable media can be any available media
that can be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile and
nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of
example, and not limitation, computer readable media may comprise
computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage
media include both volatile and nonvolatile, removable and
non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for
storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data
structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media
are non-transitory and include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM,
EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital
versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, SSDs, magnetic
cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic
storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the
desired non-transitory information, which can accessed by the
computer. Alternatively, communication media typically embody
computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or
other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or
other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery
media.
[0067] Program code means comprising one or more program modules
may be stored on the hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, ROM,
and/or RAM, including an operating system, one or more application
programs, other program modules, and program data. A user may enter
commands and information into the computer through a keyboard,
pointing device, or other input device, such as a microphone, joy
stick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and
other input devices are often connected to the processing unit
through a serial port interface coupled to the system bus.
Alternatively, the input devices may be connected by other
interfaces, such as a parallel port, a game port, or a universal
serial bus (USB). A monitor or another display device is also
connected to the system bus via an interface, such as video adapter
48. In addition to the monitor, personal computers typically
include other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as
speakers and printers.
[0068] One or more aspects of the disclosure may be embodied in
computer-executable instructions (i.e., software), routines, or
functions stored in system memory or non-volatile memory as
application programs, program modules, and/or program data. The
software may alternatively be stored remotely, such as on a remote
computer with remote application programs. Generally, program
modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data
structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement
particular abstract data types when executed by a processor in a
computer or other device. The computer executable instructions may
be stored on one or more tangible, non-transitory computer readable
media (e.g., hard disk, optical disk, removable storage media,
solid state memory, RAM, etc.) and executed by one or more
processors or other devices. As will be appreciated by one of skill
in the art, the functionality of the program modules may be
combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments. In
addition, the functionality may be embodied in whole or in part in
firmware or hardware equivalents such as integrated circuits,
application specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate
arrays (FPGA), and the like.
[0069] The computer may operate in a networked environment using
logical connections to one or more remote computers. The remote
computers may each be another personal computer, a tablet, a PDA, a
server, a router, a network PC, a peer device, or other common
network node, and typically include many or all of the elements
described above relative to the computer. The logical connections
include a local area network (LAN) and a wide area network (WAN)
that are presented here by way of example and not limitation. Such
networking environments are commonplace in office-wide or
enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets and the Internet.
[0070] When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer is
connected to the local network through a network interface or
adapter. When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer
may include a modem, a wireless link, or other means for
establishing communications over the wide area network, such as the
Internet. The modem, which may be internal or external, is
connected to the system bus via the serial port interface. In a
networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the
computer, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory
storage device. It will be appreciated that the network connections
shown are exemplary and other means of establishing communications
over wide area network may be used.
[0071] Preferably, computer-executable instructions are stored in a
memory, such as the hard disk drive, and executed by the computer.
Advantageously, the computer processor has the capability to
perform all operations (e.g., execute computer-executable
instructions) in real-time.
[0072] The order of execution or performance of the operations in
the embodiments illustrated and described herein is not essential,
unless otherwise specified. That is, the operations may be
performed in any order, unless otherwise specified, and embodiments
may include additional or fewer operations than those disclosed
herein. For example, it is contemplated that executing or
performing a particular operation before, contemporaneously with,
or after another operation is within the scope of aspects of the
disclosure.
[0073] Embodiments may be implemented with computer-executable
instructions. The computer-executable instructions may be organized
into one or more computer-executable components or modules. Aspects
of the disclosure may be implemented with any number and
organization of such components or modules. For example, aspects of
the disclosure are not limited to the specific computer-executable
instructions or the specific components or modules illustrated in
the figures and described herein. Other embodiments may include
different computer-executable instructions or components having
more or less functionality than illustrated and described
herein.
[0074] When introducing elements of aspects of the disclosure or
the embodiments thereof, the articles "a", "an", "the" and "said"
are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements.
The terms "comprising", "including", and "having" are intended to
be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other
than the listed elements.
[0075] Having described aspects of the disclosure in detail, it
will be apparent that modifications and variations are possible
without departing from the scope of aspects of the disclosure as
defined in the appended claims. As various changes could be made in
the above constructions, products, and methods without departing
from the scope of aspects of the disclosure, it is intended that
all matter contained in the above description and shown in the
accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not
in a limiting sense.
* * * * *