U.S. patent application number 15/025288 was filed with the patent office on 2017-08-24 for system for forming an artificial wave.
This patent application is currently assigned to Artwave Surf OY. The applicant listed for this patent is ARTWAVE SURF OY. Invention is credited to Atso ANDERSEN, Pauli Immonen, Markku JUSSILA.
Application Number | 20170239580 15/025288 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 53510907 |
Filed Date | 2017-08-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170239580 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Immonen; Pauli ; et
al. |
August 24, 2017 |
System for forming an artificial wave
Abstract
The invention discloses a system for forming an artificial wave
(W) in a water environment, which comprises a pulling apparatus
(6), a pulled apparatus (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) and a pulling
arrangement (11), wherein the pulling apparatus (6) comprises a
power pack (12) and the pulled apparatus (10) comprises a
wave-forming profile (13), wherein the pulling arrangement (11)
comprises at least two pulleys (14, 15) and at least one rope or
line (16) provided at or via both ends of the pulled apparatus (10)
and further via the pulleys (14, 15) for providing the movement of
the pulled apparatus (10) between a first pulley (14) and a second
pulley (15). According to the invention, the wave-forming profile
(13) comprises at least two wings (1, 2), of which at least one
wing (1, 2) is mainly transverse relative to the direction of
advancement (A) of the pulled apparatus (10, 10a, 10b, 10c,
10d).
Inventors: |
Immonen; Pauli; (Espoo,
FI) ; ANDERSEN; Atso; (Espoo, FI) ; JUSSILA;
Markku; (Helsinki, FI) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
ARTWAVE SURF OY |
Espoo |
|
FI |
|
|
Assignee: |
Artwave Surf OY
Espoo
FI
|
Family ID: |
53510907 |
Appl. No.: |
15/025288 |
Filed: |
May 15, 2015 |
PCT Filed: |
May 15, 2015 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/FI2015/050339 |
371 Date: |
March 28, 2016 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04H 4/0006 20130101;
A63B 69/0093 20130101; A63G 31/007 20130101; B63B 34/70
20200201 |
International
Class: |
A63G 31/00 20060101
A63G031/00; E04H 4/00 20060101 E04H004/00; A63B 69/00 20060101
A63B069/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
May 16, 2014 |
FI |
20145445 |
Claims
1. A system for forming an artificial wave (W) in a water
environment, which comprises a pulling apparatus (6), a pulled
apparatus (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) and a pulling arrangement (11),
wherein the pulling apparatus (6) comprises a power pack (12) and
the pulled apparatus (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) comprises a
wave-forming profile (13), wherein the pulling arrangement (11)
comprises at least two pulleys (14, 15) and at least one rope or
line (16) provided substantially at or via both ends of the pulled
apparatus (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) and further via the pulleys (14,
15) for providing the movement of the pulled apparatus (10, 10a,
10b, 10c, 10d) between a first pulley (14) and a second pulley
(15), characterized in that the wave-forming profile (13) comprises
at least two wings (1, 2), of which at least one wing (1, 2) is
mainly transverse relative to the direction of advancement (A) of
the pulled apparatus (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d).
2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the rope
or line (16) is endless and/or forms a loop via the first pulley
(14) and the second pulley (15).
3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the
pulling apparatus (6) is provided on a shore.
4. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the
pulling apparatus (6) is provided on a ship, a vessel, a barge or
other watercraft.
5. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the
system comprises a structure (27) that floats or that is disposed
in and/or on water and anchored in place for providing the pulling
apparatus (6) thereon.
6. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that the
system comprises an anchoring arrangement (17) for holding the
pulling apparatus (6) in place on the shore, which comprises a tank
(18) which is to be filled with water.
7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that the tank
(18) is a transportation container in which the components of the
system are adapted to be moved and/or transported.
8. The system according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the
pulling apparatus (6) comprises a water pump (19) by which the tank
(18) is filled and/or emptied.
9. The system according to any preceding claim 1-8, characterized
in that the wings (1, 2) are positionable relative to each other
and to the direction of advancement (A) of the pulled apparatus
(10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) for adjusting the movement and/or floating
characteristics of the pulled apparatus (10, 10a, 10b, 10c,
10d).
10. The system according to any preceding claim 1-9, characterized
in that the wings (1, 2) are positionable relative to each other in
terms of distances (d) and angles (.alpha., .beta.) as well as in
terms of the transverse direction relative to the distance between
the wings and of the water surface (S).
11. The system according to any preceding claim 1-10, characterized
in that a floating apparatus (20) is provided in connection with
the second pulley (15) for holding the second pulley (15) at a
correct depth.
12. The system according to claim 11, characterized in that a first
anchor (21a) is provided in connection with the second pulley (15)
and/or the floating apparatus (20) for anchoring the second pulley
(15) and/or the floating apparatus (20) in place.
13. The system according to any preceding claim 1-12, characterized
in that the pulling apparatus (6) comprises a third pulley (22),
wherein the space between the first pulley (14) and the third
pulley (22) is provided with drive elements (23) for providing the
drive between the power pack (12) and the pulling arrangement
(11).
14. The system according to claim 13, characterized in that the
drive element (23) is one or more endless ropes, wires, cables,
belts or chains provided via the third pulley (22) and the first
pulley (14).
15. The system according to any preceding claim 1-14, characterized
in that the rope or line (16) comprises floating material.
16. The system according to any preceding claim 1-15, characterized
in that the system comprises a pushing apparatus (24) provided
between the pulling apparatus (6) and the first pulley (14) for
pushing the first pulley (14) into water to a suitable depth.
17. The system according to any preceding claim 1-16, characterized
in that the wave (W) is formed by a combined effect of the wings
(1, 2), whereby at least one of the wings (1, 2) of the pulled
apparatus is provided in such a way that, as the pulled apparatus
(10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) moves, it guides the flow of water in a
downward direction to form a trough (W.sub.1) for the wave, and
whereby at least one other second wing (1, 2) of the pulled
apparatus (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) following the wing (1, 2) that
guides the flow in a downward direction is arranged to guide the
water flow in an upward direction to enhance the movement of water
that flows back up to form (W) a crest (W.sub.2) for the wave.
18. The system according to any preceding claim 1-17, characterized
in that the pulled apparatus (10d) comprises actively adjustable
(30) and/or fixed aerofoils (36) that guide the travel of the
pulled apparatus.
19. The system according to any preceding claim 1-18, characterized
in that the pulled apparatus (10b) comprises weights and/or floats
(28a, 28b) that contribute to the balance of the pulled apparatus
(10b).
20. The system according to any preceding claim 1-19, characterized
in that the pulled apparatus (10c) comprises a keel (29) installed
below the pulled apparatus (10c) for balancing the pulled apparatus
(10c).
21. The system according to any preceding claim 1-20, characterized
in that the position and/or traveling depth of the pulled apparatus
(10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) are controlled by adjusting the pulling
speed of the pulled apparatus (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d).
22. The system according to any preceding claim 1-21, characterized
in that the system comprises at least two pulling apparatuses (6,
6a) positioned at each end of the pulling arrangement (11).
23. A system for forming an artificial wave (W) in a water
environment, characterized in that the system for forming an
artificial wave (W) comprises a pulled apparatus (10, 10a, 10b,
10c, 10d), at least a first pulling apparatus (6b) and a second
pulling apparatus (6c), each pulling apparatus (6b, 6c) comprising
a power pack (12) and the pulled apparatus (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d)
comprising a wave-forming profile (13), wherein at least one rope
or line (16) coupled to the first pulling apparatus (6b) and to the
second pulling apparatus (6c) is provided substantially at or via
both ends of the pulled apparatus (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) for
providing the movement of the pulled apparatus (10, 10a, 10b, 10c,
10d) between the first pulling apparatus (6b) and the second
pulling apparatus (6c), wherein the wave-forming profile (13)
comprises at least two wings (1, 2), of which at least one wing (1,
2) is mainly transverse relative to the direction of advancement
(A, B) of the pulled apparatus (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d).
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The invention relates to a system for forming an artificial
wave in a water environment. The artificial waves provided by the
system are comparable to moving natural waves that occur in a body
of water.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Surfing is globally a very popular form of sports and
physical activity. People who engage in different boardsports are
often regarded as a homogeneous group. Even if each one had their
own favorite sport, it is typical that they share an interest in
other similar sports. Very often especially surfing is brought up
as a sport that one would readily play if only right conditions
existed. In many countries, surfing is very minimal because the
waves required for the sport are difficult to find. However, people
showing an interest in the sport are active and quite many have
tried the sport when traveling in areas where good conditions for
surfing are available.
[0003] The requirements for surfing are basically very simple. The
necessary elements include a wave, a surfing board, optionally a
wetsuit and basic surfing skills. The only requirement making the
situation difficult is that of a wave. Thus, a great deal of effort
has been made throughout the world to form artificial surfable
waves, giving rise to many different ways to enable artificial
surfing.
[0004] Thus, many different ways of artificial surfing are known
from the prior art, of which ways some will be described below.
[0005] The so-called "sheet wave" technology provides a surfing
experience through riding on a board along a specifically shaped
plane surface on flowing water. Many such devices have been built
and patented throughout the world. The "sheet wave" technology is
often criticized as the experience is not one of genuine surfing.
The device is considered as a trick-performing platform because it
does not involve movement on real waves and the environment is
quite unauthentic.
[0006] Artificial wave pools have been developed with many
different methods. One concept involves building a large artificial
pool and forming a wave therein with a controlled wing profile that
is pulled along the bottom of the pool. One such solution is
described in published patent application US 2010/0017951 A1. As
drawbacks of this solution, e.g., the pool is very expensive to
build, and in order to work it requires, among other things, a
controllable shape of the bottom and a possibility of entirely
emptying the pool for maintenance. Another similar solution is
described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,802,697, wherein a wave-forming
profile is moved on the bottom of a channel. In this patent, the
apparatus requires a channel or other similar man-made construction
for rotating the wave profiles by means of a chain moved with two
sprockets. In this patent, several profiles are used, and they
rotate in continuous circulation over the sprockets. As above, the
patent is not intended for use in natural conditions, but is mostly
intended e.g. for teaching surfing or for example for use in a boat
model testing facility, and requires of the operating environment
the channel structure as mentioned above. In terms of its
operation, the solution described in published patent application
US 2003/0119592 A1 also falls within the same category, as it
comprises moving a two-sided wing set along a track so as to
provide an advancing wedge-shaped wave formation on the sides of
the wings. Also, patent EP 2123 850 A1 describes a similar solution
wherein e.g. the bottom of a pool is provided with a floor, on both
sides of which there are drive mechanisms for pulling a profile
along groove-shaped tractor elements provided on the bottom of the
pool so as to form an artificial wave. However, this requires
groove-shaped tracks or similar elements to be installed in the
surfing area.
[0007] Another wave pool concept is based on a circular, oval or
curved pool wherein a continuous wave is formed with a wing profile
advancing along the edge of the pool. This type of a pool is also
very expensive to build, even more so than the above-mentioned
artificial wave pool type. One such solution is described in U.S.
Pat. No. 3,913,332. Another circular wave pool concept is described
in U.S. Pat. No. 6,336,771 B1, wherein the pool and the body of
water contained therein are rotated, and a standing wave is formed
by wing-shaped structures below the surfer. However, this surfing
environment limited to a circular pool is, in terms of the surfing
experience, very unauthentic in comparison to natural surfing, and
the apparatus is mostly intended e.g. for waterpark or resort use.
The apparatus does not provide a naturally moving artificial wave
but a standing wave. It is also mentioned in the patent that the
wave-forming apparatus can be towed by a boat.
[0008] Wave pools for surfing have also been built with techniques
often originally used for wave machines in swimming pools.
Obviously, to apply these it is also required that a suitable pool
be built. These methods enable the formation of very natural waves,
as the wave is typically provided with energy only at the stage
when it is created, and its advance and shape are completely
dependent on the shape of the bottom of the pool.
[0009] One type of providing an artificial wave is formed by wave
machines towed by a boat. They are most often based on different
kinds of wings towed by a boat. The known solutions use one wing
which is typically formed in a V-shape and moves freely as it is
suitably stabilized. One device towed by a boat is described in
patent U.S. Pat. No. 5,911,190. The device consists, in addition to
a V-profile, of a stabilizing keel-like wing and a stabilizer
disposed in front of the device. Another similar solution is
described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,047,657. A third similar device towed
by a boat is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,860,766 A. The wave is
typically formed by devices towed by a boat so that it advances in
a wedge-shaped formation behind the boat. Thus, the breaking
thereof can be controlled by selecting the profile of the bottom of
the water area correctly.
[0010] Yet another type of providing an artificial wave is formed
by the apparatus described in patent US 2013/0199433. In this
apparatus, a wave-generating hull is pulled in water with a driving
mechanism disposed at the water's edge. In the driving mechanism, a
drum is rotated for example by a truck, and a cable is laid from
the drum via a guide device disposed on the bottom of the water
area to one end of the movable hull. However, the apparatus is able
to pull the hull in one direction only, and the driving mechanism
is to be securely disposed for example in a pit cut into rock or
dug in the ground. Using a car as a power source is not the best
alternative in terms of ecology, operating efficiency or
cost-effectiveness. The apparatus requires that fixed structures
must be built near shoreline and/or on the bottom of the water
area, as well as another moving apparatus such as a boat or a water
jet which must be used every time after surfing for pulling the
hull back from the shoreline to a starting place farther away in
the surfing area.
Objective of the Invention
[0011] The objective of the invention is to eliminate or at least
alleviate the problems mentioned above and introduce solutions for
it.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0012] A new system has now been invented for forming an artificial
wave.
[0013] The invention discloses a system for forming an artificial
wave in a water environment, which comprises a pulling apparatus, a
pulled apparatus and a pulling arrangement, the pulling apparatus
comprising a power pack and the pulled apparatus comprising a
wave-forming profile. According to the invention, the pulling
arrangement comprises at least two pulleys and at least one rope or
line provided substantially at or via both ends of the pulled
apparatus and further via the pulleys for providing the movement of
the pulled apparatus between a first pulley and a second pulley. In
one solution, the rope or line is provided right at the end of the
pulled apparatus. Substantially at both ends means that the rope or
line is provided for example at less than one meter from the end of
the pulled apparatus towards the center of the pulled apparatus. In
one solution, the rope or line is provided on hangers provided in
connection with the ends of the pulled apparatus. Preferably, the
wave-forming profile is floating. In one embodiment, the first
pulley and the second pulley are floating. In one solution, the
first pulley and the second pulley are anchored in water in a fixed
place.
[0014] In one embodiment, the rope or line is endless and/or forms
a loop via the first pulley and the second pulley. In one solution,
the rope or line is provided as a loop to extend through the pulled
apparatus and is fixed to one or more points to the pulled
apparatus.
[0015] The pulling apparatus is preferably provided on the shore.
In one solution, the pulling apparatus is provided on a ship, a
vessel, a barge or other watercraft. The power pack is preferably
electrically operated.
[0016] In one solution, the system comprises a structure that
floats or that is disposed in and/or on water and anchored in place
for providing the pulling apparatus thereon. In one embodiment, the
pulling apparatus is provided on a pier that is fixed in its place
in or on water or on other similar structure bearing the load of
the pulling apparatus that is disposed in or on water so as to
float or be fixed to the bottom of the water area.
[0017] In one embodiment, the wave-forming profile comprises at
least two wings, of which at least a first wing is mainly
transverse relative to the direction of advancement of the pulled
apparatus. In one embodiment, the wave is formed through a combined
effect of the wings, whereby at least one of the wings of the
pulled apparatus is provided in such a way that, as the pulled
apparatus moves, it guides the flow of water in a downward
direction to form the wave's trough, and whereby at least one other
second wing of the pulled apparatus following the wing that guides
the flow in a downward direction is arranged to guide the flow of
water in an upward direction to enhance the movement of water that
flows back up to form the crest for the wave. In one embodiment,
the wings are positionable relative to each other and to the
direction of advancement of the pulled apparatus for adjusting the
movement and/or floating characteristics of the pulled apparatus.
The wings can thus be positionable relative to each other in terms
of distances and angles, as well as in terms of the transverse
direction relative to the distance between the wings and of the
water surface. Thus, the wave height can be adjusted by adjusting
the wings relative to each other. In one embodiment, at least one
wing of the pulled apparatus is angled from the transverse
direction relative to the direction of advancement. Preferably, the
wings are hollow and/or floating.
[0018] In one embodiment, the system comprises an anchoring
arrangement for holding the pulling apparatus in place on the
shore, comprising a tank which is to be filled with water. In this
case, the tank may be a transportation container in which the
components of the system are adapted to be housed and/or
transported. In this case, the pulling apparatus may comprise a
water pump for filling and/or emptying the tank. In one solution,
the suction and the discharge line of the water pump in the pulling
apparatus are provided in connection with the body of water used as
a surfing area, the water pump being thus able to both fill and
empty the tank. The water-filled tank functions as a counterweight
for the pulling apparatus, whereby the tank supports the holding in
place of the pulling apparatus. After emptying the tank it is
possible to move all the components required for the system into
the emptied tank and to use the tank as a transportation container
for moving the entire system to another place or storing it for
example for winter.
[0019] In one embodiment, a floating apparatus is provided in
connection with the second pulley for holding the second pulley at
the correct depth. In one solution, a first anchor is provided in
connection with the second pulley and/or the floating apparatus for
anchoring the second pulley and/or the floating apparatus in place.
Preferably, the floating apparatus is provided with a pontoon-like
structure.
[0020] In one embodiment, the pulling apparatus comprises a third
pulley, wherein the space between the first pulley and the third
pulley is provided with drive elements for arranging the drive
between the power pack and the pulling arrangement. The drive
element is preferably one or more endless ropes, wires, cables,
belts or chains provided via the third pulley and the first pulley.
In one embodiment, the drive element forms a loop via the third
pulley and the first pulley. In one solution, the first pulley and
the third pulley are provided with teeth for arranging a chain
drive between the pulleys, whereby a chain is being used as the
drive element. One possible solution is to use a Cardan joint as
the drive element for providing the drive between the first pulley
and the third pulley. In one embodiment, the rotation of the drive
element can be adjusted for adjusting the height of the wave.
[0021] In one embodiment, the system comprises a pushing apparatus
provided between the pulling apparatus and the first pulley for
pushing the first pulley to a suitable depth in water. Preferably,
the pushing apparatus is a device operated from the shore and
having a rigid beam-type or pole-type structure for controlling the
position of the first pulley in water or alternatively holding it
in place. In one solution, the pushing or moving of the pushing
apparatus is provided by a hydraulic cylinder and/or with a
telescopic structure. In one embodiment, the tightness of the rope
or line is adjusted with the pushing apparatus. The pushing
apparatus is preferably used for adjusting the position of the
first pulley and the second pulley relative to each other. In one
embodiment, the first pulley is alternatively provided on the
bottom of the water area in a fixed or detachable manner, whereby
there is no need for a pushing apparatus.
[0022] Preferably, the rope or line comprises floating material.
The rope can be manufactured for example from polyethylene. The
pulling arrangement allows the movement of the pulled apparatus in
the direction of advancement or in the opposite direction. In one
embodiment, the pulling arrangement forms a rope drive, by means of
which the pulled apparatus is also moved in the opposite direction
relative to the direction of advancement for returning the pulled
apparatus to its initial position.
[0023] In one embodiment, the pulled apparatus comprises a
stabilizing structure for stabilizing the movement of the pulled
apparatus in water. In one solution, the stabilizing structure is a
third wing and/or one or more weights disposed in the pulled
apparatus for stabilizing the movement of the pulled apparatus in
water. In one embodiment, the pulled apparatus is provided with
stabilizing structures installed in the apparatus for stabilizing
the movements of the pulled apparatus. Preferably, the stabilizing
structures comprise at least one pontoon installed in the pulled
apparatus and/or a keel installed below the pulled apparatus or
aerofoils installed in the apparatus.
[0024] In one embodiment, the system comprises an automation and
control system for automatizing the operation of the system. In
this case, the system may comprise a control center for adjusting
and controlling the system.
[0025] In one embodiment, the pulled apparatus comprises actively
adjustable and/or fixed aerofoils that guide the travel of the
pulled apparatus. In one embodiment, the pulled apparatus comprises
weights and/or floats that contribute to the balance of the pulled
apparatus. In one embodiment, the pulled apparatus comprises a keel
installed below the pulled apparatus for balancing the pulled
apparatus. In one embodiment, the position and/or traveling depth
of the pulled apparatus are controlled by adjusting the pulling
speed of the pulled apparatus.
[0026] In one embodiment, the system comprises at least two pulling
apparatuses which are positioned at each end of the pulling
arrangement.
[0027] The invention discloses a second embodiment of a system for
forming an artificial wave. The system comprises a pulled
apparatus, at least a first pulling apparatus and a second pulling
apparatus, each pulling apparatus comprising a power pack and the
pulled apparatus comprising a wave-forming profile. At least one
rope or line coupled to the first pulling apparatus and to the
second pulling apparatus is provided substantially at or via both
ends of the pulled apparatus for providing the movement of the
pulled apparatus between the first pulling apparatus and the second
pulling apparatus. The wave-forming profile comprises at least two
wings, of which at least one wing is mainly transverse relative to
the direction of advancement of the pulled apparatus.
[0028] The above-described one or more embodiments of the system
allow advantages as compared to prior art. The system as described
has few requirements for the operating environment. In order to
function, the system does not require e.g. large pools, floors
installed on the bottom of the water environment, track structures,
channels or other heavy structures built in water with high cost.
Neither does the mass of water need to be rotated with a motorized
rotatable apparatus.
[0029] Furthermore, the system is movable and may be packed in the
tank used as a container to be moved away to another place from the
operating area, which allows making use of new operating sites. The
tank may be quickly emptied with an efficient pump. Furthermore, as
the tank filled with water functions as a weight, the pulling
apparatus need not be, for example, fixed by bolting or cutting
into rock, which would increase the costs for deploying the system.
The mobility of the system enables the implementation of the system
without fixed structures by which it should be fixed to a base,
whereby it has a low impact on the environment or nature. The
system does not require for example a foundation made of concrete.
When the system is disassembled from the operating site, the site
will be left in the state prevailing before the system was
deployed. If the entire system is arranged to float, it may be
easily moved and taken to a suitable place in the water area and
anchored in place.
[0030] Surfing will be performed in a natural environment so as to
give a more natural and thereby better surfing experience than for
example a pool-type apparatus. If the wave-forming apparatus is
towed by a boat, powerful boats must be provided with high cost.
With the above-described system, the wave-forming profile need not
be towed by a boat; the system is instead used from the shore. A
car is not required as a power source for using the system, and
another separate apparatus that travels in water is not required to
return the pulled apparatus. Thus, the manufacturing and operating
costs of the system are reduced, as additional devices for
operating the system need not be provided.
[0031] The height of the wave can be adjusted for example by
adjusting the wings relative to each other, whereby the surfing
event can be tailored according to the surfer's wishes. The pulling
speed can be adjusted by means of the pulling apparatus, which can
also be carried out according to the surfer's wishes or the desired
wave height. Furthermore, the entire system is automatizable by
means of the automation system to avoid additional costs due to
several manual operations. In addition to the automation system,
the system may be provided with a control center, from which for
example the components affecting the wave height can be controlled
and the surfing event as well as the surrounding surfing conditions
supervised. This makes surfing safer.
[0032] The power pack may receive electric energy for example
through wind power, hydropower or other renewable energy resources,
the operation of the apparatus thus having a smaller burden on the
environment. Alternatively, a small wind turbine can be provided in
connection with the system, or the system can be provided with
solar cells, whereby the use is even more ecological.
[0033] Other advantages and characteristics of the invention are
disclosed in the description below where the system is described
with reference to the accompanying exemplary figures; the system is
not to be limited to any detail of the figures, which merely
illustrate different embodiments of the system.
LIST OF FIGURES
[0034] The accompanying figures, which are included to provide a
further understanding of the invention and constitute a part of
this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and
together with the description help to explain the principles of the
invention. In the figures:
[0035] FIG. 1 is a fully schematical illustration produced by
simulation software of a cross section of a pulled apparatus in the
system according to the invention and of a wave produced
thereby;
[0036] FIG. 2 is an illustration produced by simulation software of
a flow pattern in wave formation;
[0037] FIG. 3 illustrates one example of an apparatus pulled in
water for use in the system;
[0038] FIG. 4 illustrates one possible solution of an apparatus
pulled in water;
[0039] FIG. 5 schematically illustrates one example of the
system;
[0040] FIG. 6 schematically illustrates one example of the
system;
[0041] FIG. 7 illustrates one possible solution of an apparatus
pulled in water;
[0042] FIG. 8 illustrates one possible solution of an apparatus
pulled in water;
[0043] FIG. 9 illustrates one possible solution of an apparatus
pulled in water;
[0044] FIG. 10 schematically illustrates one example of the system;
and
[0045] FIG. 11 schematically illustrates one example of the
system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0046] Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of
the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the
accompanying figures. In the accompanying figures, similar
components are referred to by the same numbers.
[0047] The wave-forming profile 13 of a pulled apparatus 10 is not
intended to be limited merely to a wing-like structure; it can be
any wave-forming profile such as a plow-like V-shaped profile or
the like, by which an artificial wave W is provided. As an example,
one solution of a wave-forming profile 13 and two preferred
embodiments of a pulled apparatus 10 will be disclosed below.
[0048] In FIG. 1, a wave W is formed on or in immediate proximity
to a trailing wing, i.e. a second wing 2. The effect is shown in
accompanying FIG. 1. The mechanism of the formation of the wave W
is better illustrated in accompanying FIG. 2, which shows the flow
pattern of the flow effect shown in FIG. 1. In both figures, the
direction of advancement of the pulled apparatus is indicated with
reference letter A.
[0049] In contrast to single-wing wave machines, the wave W is thus
formed through a combined effect of two wings 1, 2. A first wing 1
of the pulled apparatus guides the flow in a downward direction
towards the bottom of the water environment, forming a trough
W.sub.1 for the wave W. The trailing second wing 2 enhances the
movement of water that flows back up and thus raises the crest
W.sub.2 of the wave. The wings 1, 2 are sized and positioned in a
precise configuration relative to each other and the water surface
S to create said interaction. The wave W is to be made as much as a
natural wave as possible. The operating parameters for the
formation of the wave W are determined e.g. as a function of the
angles of attack, distance between the wings and pulling speed.
[0050] FIGS. 3 and 4 are schematical illustrations of two different
implementations of the apparatus 10 pulled in water. In FIGS. 3 and
5, the pulled apparatus is generally indicated as reference number
10 and, respectively, in FIG. 4 as 10a. In the case of FIG. 3, the
front and rear wing 1, 2 of the pulled apparatus 10 are fixed at
their ends to frame beams 3 at a specific distance d from each
other. The wings 1, 2 are further fixed to the frame beams 3 at
specific angles .alpha., .beta., in such a way that the angle of
attack of the wings 1, 2 relative to water or to the direction of
advancement A is as desired. In this case, the wings 1, 2 are also
disposed at a desired angle relative to each other. The distance d
between the wings 1, 2 from each other and their angle relative to
each other are interdependent and essential in terms of wave
formation and the depth at which the pulled apparatus 10 travels
when it is pulled. The point of pulling the pulled apparatus 10 is
indicated in FIGS. 3 and 4 as 4, 4a. In some cases it is preferred
that at least one of the wings 1, 2 of the pulled apparatus 10 is
fixed to the frame beams 3 in an adjustable manner in such a way
that the angle between the wings 1, 2 can be adjusted if necessary.
The pulled apparatus 10a according to FIG. 4 differs from the one
illustrated in FIG. 3 in that the apparatus 10a comprises one
central frame beam 5 to which the front and rear wing 1, 2 are
fixed at a distance d from each other. It is also preferred in the
case of FIG. 4 that the angle of attack of the wings 1, 2 relative
to water may be adjusted. The wings 1, 2 of FIG. 3, 4 may be
hollow.
[0051] The material of the surface of the wings 1, 2 and of the
frame 3, 5 of the pulled apparatus 10 may vary. Furthermore, the
structure of the pulled apparatus 10 may vary in terms of support,
fixing of the pulling point and stabilizers (not illustrated). One
possible material of the wings 1, 2 and/or the frame 3, 5 is
aluminum. The wings 1, 2 can be attached together with frame beams
3 disposed on the sides as shown in FIG. 3. The wings 1, 2 can also
be attached together with only one frame beam 5 disposed in the
center of the wings 1, 2 as in FIG. 4.
[0052] For the wave W to be surfable, it may not advance so as to
be perpendicular all over relative to the direction of advancement
A. In practice, this requires that the ends of the wave W must have
a section that breaks in a specific manner. This can be provided by
suitably shaping the wings 1, 2 or at least one wing of the pulled
apparatus 10 in the width direction. One possibility is to make at
least one wing 1, 2 of the pulled apparatus 10 V-shaped. A similar
effect may be reached by installing at least one of straight wings
1, 2 of the pulled apparatus 10 obliquely relative to the direction
of advancement A.
[0053] Below, with reference to FIG. 5, one example of the system
of the invention will be described. FIG. 5 shows that the pulled
apparatus 10 of the system is provided with a wave-forming profile
13 which comprises two wings 1, 2. However, it is possible to
enhance the formation of the artificial wave W and/or shape the
resulting wave W by using more than two wings in the pulled
apparatus 10. As stated above, the actual shape of the wings may
vary. The wings or at least one of them can be e.g. straight,
V-shaped, curved etc. The wing may be V-shaped in a plane extending
parallel to the surface of water as well as in a plane extending
perpendicular to the direction of advancement. Other shapes are
also possible. Furthermore, the cross section of the wing 1, 2 may
vary even within one wing, and it may be e.g. curved in several
directions, and the wings 1, 2 may be hollow.
[0054] FIG. 5 shows one example of a system for forming an
artificial wave W in a water environment, comprising a pulling
apparatus 6, a pulled apparatus 10 and a pulling arrangement 11,
wherein the pulling apparatus 6 comprises a power pack 12 and the
pulled apparatus 10 comprises a wave-forming profile 13. The
pulling arrangement 11 comprises at least two pulleys 14, 15 and at
least one rope or line 16 provided at or via both ends of the
pulled apparatus 10 and further via the pulleys 14, 15 for
providing the movement of the pulled apparatus 10 between a first
pulley 14 and a second pulley 15. Substantially at both ends of the
pulled apparatus 10 means that the rope or line 16 can be fixed
right to the end of the pulled apparatus 10 or for example at less
than one meter from the end of the pulled apparatus 10. The
wave-forming profile 13 is preferably floating.
[0055] The rope or line 16 can be provided so as to be fixed to the
pulled apparatus 10 in many different ways. In one solution, the
rope or line 16 can also be fixed in connection with the end of the
pulled apparatus 10, in which case the pulled apparatus 10 is
provided with hangers which for example protrude from the pulled
apparatus 10 at the end of the pulled apparatus 10. In this case,
the rope or line 16 is fixed to the hangers disposed at both ends
of the pulled apparatus 10.
[0056] The rope or line 16 is preferably endless and/or forms a
loop via the first pulley 14 and the second pulley 15. The rope or
line 16 can alternatively be provided in such a way that it is
fixed to the pulled apparatus 10 at one point only, e.g. at the
center or near the center of the pulled apparatus 10. However, this
requires that the rope or line 16 is to be guided to the pulleys
14, 15 via both ends of the pulled apparatus 10 in order that
rotation of the pulled apparatus 10 by the effect of water can be
prevented. In this case, the rope or line 16 is not fixed to both
ends of the pulled apparatus 10. The rope or line 16 can
alternatively be provided in such a way that the rope or line 16
extends through the pulled apparatus 10 in a continuous
configuration or with the ends of the rope or line 16 attached
together, in which case the rope or line 16 is a loop and may can
be fixed to one or more points of the pulled apparatus 10. If the
rope or line 16 is only fixed to the pulled apparatus 10 at one
point, the pulled apparatus 10 must be prevented from rotating by
guiding the rope or line 16 as described above.
[0057] The location of the pulling apparatus 6 may can be selected
according to the operating site selected by the user of the system.
A simple way is to place the pulling apparatus 6 on the shore. If
the pulling apparatus 6 is placed on the shore, it means herein
that the pulling apparatus 6 is placed on the shore right at the
water's edge, in shallow water or farther away from the water's
edge in the shore area. Alternatively, however, the pulling
apparatus 6 may be provided on a ship, a vessel, a barge or other
watercraft (not illustrated). In this case, the pulling apparatus 6
may can be placed for example on the deck of a ship and/or at the
stern of a ship (not illustrated). The driving force for the
pulling apparatus 6 and for the power pack 12 is most preferably
electricity. A third example of the location of the pulling
apparatus 6 is to provide the pulling apparatus 6 on a structure 27
that is included in the system so as to float or be disposed in
and/or on water and anchored in place. One example of a suchlike
structure 27 is shown and described below with reference to FIG.
6.
[0058] The pulled apparatus 10 is pulled for example at a depth of
1-3 meters from the water surface S. The pulling distance may be
hundreds of meters. Preferably, the suitable water area is several
meters deep.
[0059] The wave-forming profile 13 comprises at least two wings 1,
2, of which at least a first wing 1 is mainly transverse relative
to the direction of advancement A of the pulled apparatus 10. As
the wings 1, 2 are positionable relative to each other and to the
direction of advancement A of the pulled apparatus 10, the movement
and/or floating characteristics of the pulled apparatus 10 may be
adjusted. As described above with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, also
in FIG. 5 the wings 1, 2 are positionable relative to each other in
terms of distances d and angles .alpha., .beta., as well as in
terms of the transverse direction relative to the distance between
the wings 1, 2 and of the water surface S. The height of the
resulting wave W may thus be adjusted by adjusting the wings 1, 2
relative to each other. The wings 1, 2 are preferably hollow and/or
floating.
[0060] The system comprises an anchoring arrangement 17 for holding
the pulling apparatus 6 in place on the shore, which comprises a
tank 18 which is to be filled with water. The tank 18 is a
transportation container, the components of the system being
adapted to be moved and/or transported therein. The pulling
apparatus 6 comprises a water pump 19 by which the tank 19 is
filled and/or emptied. The suction and discharge lines (not
illustrated) of the water pump 19 for the pulling apparatus 6 are
provided in connection with the body of water used as the surfing
area for filling and emptying the tank 18 with the water pump 19.
The tank 18 functions as a counterweight for the pulling apparatus
6, supporting the holding in place of the pulling apparatus 6. When
the system is to be disassembled, all the components required for
the system are moved into the emptied tank 18 and the tank 18 is
used as a transportation container, so that the entire system can
be moved to another place and/or for example stored for winter.
This also facilitates the delivery of the system from manufacture
to the buyer, as the components are already packed within a
transportationproof structure. If a ship or other watercraft (not
illustrated) is the fixed place of the pulling apparatus 6, the
system may be used as if it was disposed on the shore. The
difference is that the weighty ship does not necessarily require
the further weight of a water-filled tank 18. From a ship or other
such watercarft, the system may be operated and used as from the
shore.
[0061] A floating apparatus 20 is provided in connection with the
second pulley 15 for holding the second pulley 15 at the right
depth. A first anchor 21a is provided in connection with the second
pulley 15 and/or the floating apparatus 20 for anchoring the second
pulley 15 and/or the floating apparatus 20 in place. Most
preferably, the floating apparatus 20 is provided with a
pontoon-like structure or other similar solution, by which the
floating is provided. If a ship or other watercraft is used as the
fixed place for the pulling apparatus 6, the ship may be steered to
an island or other similar fixed place (not illustrated) within the
water area. In this case, the second pulley may be taken from the
ship for example to the island and fixed thereto, whereby the first
anchor 21a and the floating apparatus 20 are not necessary.
[0062] The pulling apparatus 6 comprises a third pulley 22, wherein
the space between the first pulley 14 and the third pulley 22 is
provided with drive elements 23 for obtaining the drive between the
power pack 12 and the pulling arrangement 11. A number of
alternative solutions may be used as the drive element 23. The
drive element 23 is for example one or more endless ropes, wires,
cables or belts provided via the third pulley and the first pulley
14. The first pulley 14 and the third pulley 22 can alternatively
be provided with teeth (not illustrated) for providing a chain
drive between the pulleys 14, 22, in which case a chain is used as
the drive element 23. In the above-described cases, the drive
element 23 forms a loop via the third pulley and the first pulley.
Further, the drive element 23 may alternatively be a Cardan joint
for providing the drive between the first pulley 14 and the third
pulley 22. By adjusting the rotation of the drive element 23, the
height of the wave W can be varied.
[0063] The system comprises a pushing apparatus 24 provided between
the pulling apparatus 6 and the first pulley for pushing the first
pulley 14 into water to a suitable depth. The pushing apparatus 24
is a device operated from the shore and having a rigid beam-type or
pole-type structure for controlling the position of the first
pulley 14 in water or alternatively for holding it in place. The
pushing apparatus 24 is used for adjusting the tightness of the
rope or line 16. The pushing apparatus 24 adjusts the position of
the first pulley 14 and the second pulley 15 relative to each
other. The pushing apparatus is used to provide the first pulley 14
flush with the second pulley 15. Alternatively, the first pulley 14
may be provided on the bottom of the water area in a fixed or
detachable manner so that no pushing apparatus is required.
[0064] The rope or line 16 of FIG. 5 is made from floating
material, whereby the rope or line 16 floats. For example, the rope
16 may be made from polyethylene. Basically, the pulling direction
is to be kept constant, and thus the rope or line 16 is most
preferably floating. The pulling arrangement 11 is used for moving
the pulled apparatus 10 in the direction of advancement A and in
the opposite direction B. Since in order to form an artificial wave
the pulled apparatus 10 comprising the wave-forming profile 13 is
pulled in water in only one direction, after each pulling maneuver
the pulled apparatus 10 must be returned to the initial position.
The pulling arrangement 11 forms a rope drive for moving the pulled
apparatus 10 also in the opposite direction B relative to the
direction of advancement A for returning the pulled apparatus 10 to
the initial position.
[0065] Stabilizing, i.e. balancing, the wings may be appropriate
and even necessary in some cases. Examples of stabilization methods
are shown in FIG. 7-9. Stabilization can be provided e.g. by a keel
installed below the pulled apparatus 10 comprising the wings 1, 2.
It may also be necessary to use pontoons disposed at the edges of
the wings 1, 2 or, more precisely, of the pulled apparatus 10
itself. In an optimal situation, these structures are sufficient to
secure the stability of the pulled apparatus 10 as it moves in
water. In addition to the methods described, the stability may be
improved, if necessary, for example with a rudder or other guide
aerofoils (not illustrated in FIG. 5). Such stabilizing structures
may be passive or active, adjustable according to the location of
swimming of the pulled apparatus 10. The pulled apparatus 10 may
comprise a third wing (not illustrated in FIG. 5) and/or one or
more weights (not illustrated in FIG. 5) for stabilizing the
movement of the pulled apparatus 10 in water. With a suitable
angular position of the wings 1, 2 and possible stabilizing
structures, the wave W forming pulled apparatus 10 may be moved in
a correct position and at a correct depth from the surface S of
flowing water so as to provide the desired wave formation.
[0066] The system comprises an automation and control system for
automatizing the operation of the system. A control center 26 is
necessary for adjusting and controlling the system. The pulling
apparatus 6 is connected under control of the automation and
control system 25.
[0067] As stated above, the system is provided with a suitable
automation and control system 25. The automation and control system
25 is used for starting the wave-forming pulling movement and, if
necessary, for stopping the operation of the system. The control
system may be manually operated and optionally provided with remote
control. The operating system must also include automation by which
the pulling duration and speed are adjusted. Also, the pulling
direction may need to be adjusted.
[0068] FIG. 6 shows another example of a system for forming an
artificial wave W in a water environment. FIG. 6 corresponds in
other respects to the system shown in FIG. 5 except that the
pulling apparatus 6 and the anchoring arrangement 17 comprising a
tank 18 are disposed on a structure 27 included in the system so as
to float or be provided in and/or on water and anchored in place.
FIG. 6 shows the above-mentioned structure 27 as a pontoon-like
structure. The place 27 can also be a pier that is fixed in place
in or on water or other similar structure bearing the load of the
pulling apparatus 6 that is disposed in or on water so as to float
or be fixed to the bottom of the water area. The structure 27 is
arranged to be held in place for example by means of a second
anchor 21b. This allows the entire system to be disposed in the
water area in a floating manner. If, in addition, the pulling
apparatus 6 and the anchoring arrangement 17 comprising a tank 18
are provided on a floating structure 27 that is anchored in place
and the first pulley 14 is provided in connection with the pulling
apparatus 6, the entire system is floating and can be easily taken
to a suitable place within the water area and anchored in place for
surfing.
[0069] If the structure 27 is a pier (not illustrated in FIG. 6),
it can be fixed in place for example with pillars (not illustrated
in FIG. 6) disposed on the bottom of the water area or,
correspondingly, by anchoring the pier by means of a second anchor
21b.
[0070] In one solution, the first pulley 14 is also arranged to
float in addition to the second pulley 15, whereby the first pulley
14 is anchored to be held in place in water for example with a
third anchor (not illustrated in FIG. 6) fixed to the first pulley
14 and dropped to the bottom of the water area. In FIG. 6, the
first pulley is fixed to the floating structure 27 that is anchored
in place with a pushing apparatus 24 provided between the pulling
apparatus 6 and the first pulley.
[0071] FIG. 7 shows one possible solution of an apparatus 10b
pulled in water. As described above, the pulled apparatus 10b may
comprise stabilizing structures to secure the stability of the
pulled apparatus 10b as it moves in water. The pulled apparatus 10b
of FIG. 7 comprises weights and/or floats 28a, 28b that contribute
to the balance of the pulled apparatus 10b. If floats 28a, 28b are
used, they can be arranged for example to float near surface. In
this case, it must be secured that the floats 28a, 28b do not
disturb surfing too much. Alternatively, the pulled apparatus 10b
may comprise for example sand-filled weights (not illustrated in
FIG. 7) fixed to or hanging from the sides of the pulled apparatus
for stabilizing the movement of the pulled apparatus 10b in water.
The stabilizing structure may be a passive structure such as an
aerofoil 36. One example of an aerofoil 36 is illustrated in FIG.
7. The aerofoil 36 can be installed for example behind the second
wing 2 of the pulled apparatus 10b to guide the travel of the
apparatus 10b. The aerofoil 36 may alternatively be adjustable with
a separate adjusting element (not illustrated in FIG. 7) or its
position may be manually adjusted by changing the fixing
points.
[0072] FIG. 8 shows one possible solution of an apparatus 10c
pulled in water. Stabilization may be provided for example with a
keel 29 installed below the pulled apparatus 10c comprising the
wings 1, 2. The keel may be shaped for example to be spindle-like
or alternatively as a fin or their combination.
[0073] FIG. 9 shows one possible solution of an apparatus 10d
pulled in water. In addition to the methods described above, such
as weights, wings and a keel, the stability may be improved, if
necessary, for example by means of a rudder 30 or other guide
aerofoils. Such stabilizing structures may be passive or active,
adjustable according to the location of swimming of the pulled
apparatus 10d. Passive wings may be fixed or manually adjustable as
shown in FIG. 7. The rudder 30 may be controlled from example by
means of an actuator 32. The rudder 30 is coupled to the pivoting
points 31a, 31b of the pulling apparatus 10d in a hinged manner. As
the rudder 30 is moved by the actuator 32 in the directions of a
first arrow 34, the rudder 30 can be turned according to a second
arrow 33. The control of the actuator can be provided for example
with remote control 35. One possible way of remote control may be
radio control. In this case, for example an antenna that extends
near the water surface may be used.
[0074] FIG. 10 schematically shows one example of the system. In
the example of FIG. 10, the system comprises two pulling
apparatuses 6, 6a which are positioned at each end of the pulling
arrangement 11. One pulling apparatus 6b can be used for example to
control the tightness of the rope or line 16 and to hold it at a
suitable depth, whereby for example floating apparatuses and/or
weights are not required for fixing the pulling arrangement 11.
Said system may be placed in a suitable water environment such as a
small lake, a deep pond or even in a man-made place such as a
harbor basin.
[0075] FIG. 11 schematically shows one example of the system. The
system shown in FIG. 11 differs from the system according to FIG. 5
in that pulleys as such are not necessarily required in the system
of FIG. 11. The pulling apparatuses 6b, 6c are provided on each
side of a suitably sized water area. The pulling apparatuses 6b, 6c
are disposed on a level below the water surface at a suitable
depth, whereby wave formation is possible without pulleys. As a
first pulling apparatus 6b feeds the rope or line 16, a second
pulling apparatus 6c receives it, whereby the rope or line 16
provides the movement of the pulled apparatus 10 between the first
pulling apparatus 6b and the second pulling apparatus 6c. The
wave-forming profile 13 comprises at least two wings 1, 2, of which
at least one wing 1 is mainly transverse relative to the direction
of advancement A, B of the pulled apparatus 10.
[0076] In all of the examples described above, the position and/or
traveling depth of the pulled apparatus 10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d may
also be controlled by adjusting the pulling speed of the pulled
apparatus 10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d.
[0077] The pulled apparatus may contain structures from a number of
examples of the pulled apparatus 10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d as
described. The pulled apparatus 10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d may for
example comprise a number of different stabilizing structures. With
a suitable angular position of the wings 1, 2 and possible
stabilizing structures, the wave W forming pulled apparatus 10,
10a, 10b, 10c, 10d can be moved in a right position and at a right
depth from the surface S of flowing water so as to provide a
desired height of the wave W.
[0078] The functions described above are not exclusively limited to
surfing; the applications may also include other cases where a
controllable artificial wave W is to be provided. Other forms of
physical activity which are not specifically surfing but are
closely related to it, such as bodyboarding, can also be performed
on top of a wave W. Furthermore, it may be possible to use the
system for surfing with equipment which is not necessarily actual
surfing equipment.
[0079] FIGS. 3 and 4 show two different ways of attaching and
securing the wings to the frame structure. However, these are only
examples which can be deviated from. The essential feature is that
the wings can be positioned in a desired and specific way relative
to each other e.g. in terms of distances and angles. The
positioning of the wings may be static or adjustable.
[0080] The invention has been described above mainly with the
formation of a wave being based on an idea of pulling the pulled
apparatus 10 from a fixed place that carries the pulling apparatus
6, such as a shore, a watercraft or a floating structure 27 that
has been anchored in place. When placing the pulling apparatus 6
near shoreline, it can be disposed for example right at the water's
edge. However, suitable distances from the water's edge may vary
according to the operating area.
[0081] The system has been exemplified above with reference to the
accompanying figures. However, the scope of protection of the
invention is not limited merely to the examples illustrated in the
figures; instead, the embodiments of the invention may vary within
the scope of the inventive idea defined in the accompanying
claims.
* * * * *