U.S. patent application number 15/431267 was filed with the patent office on 2017-08-17 for transportable multi-chamber water filtration systems.
The applicant listed for this patent is DENNY HASTINGS FLP 14. Invention is credited to Thomas Kyle Segroves, Stephen Matthew Sliger, Kevin Brian Wolfe.
Application Number | 20170233275 15/431267 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 59560129 |
Filed Date | 2017-08-17 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170233275 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Segroves; Thomas Kyle ; et
al. |
August 17, 2017 |
TRANSPORTABLE MULTI-CHAMBER WATER FILTRATION SYSTEMS
Abstract
A transportable multi-chamber water filtration system useable at
construction sites with sources of contaminated water is disclosed.
The transportable multi-chamber water filtration system removes
sediment and contaminants from contaminated water by combined
processes of gravitational settling, filtration and coagulation of
sediment by the use of flocculants. The system provides efficient
removal of sediment and contaminants from the water around various
sized sites.
Inventors: |
Segroves; Thomas Kyle;
(Shelbyville, TN) ; Sliger; Stephen Matthew; (Bell
Buckle, TN) ; Wolfe; Kevin Brian; (Franklin,
TN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
DENNY HASTINGS FLP 14 |
Shelbyville |
TN |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
59560129 |
Appl. No.: |
15/431267 |
Filed: |
February 13, 2017 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
62294794 |
Feb 12, 2016 |
|
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|
Current U.S.
Class: |
210/702 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01D 21/08 20130101;
B01D 21/0042 20130101; Y02A 20/156 20180101; C02F 1/56 20130101;
C02F 2201/008 20130101; B01D 37/03 20130101; B01D 36/04 20130101;
B01D 21/2444 20130101; C02F 2301/08 20130101; C02F 1/004 20130101;
C02F 2001/007 20130101; B01D 21/003 20130101; B01D 21/0012
20130101; Y02A 20/152 20180101 |
International
Class: |
C02F 9/00 20060101
C02F009/00; B01D 37/03 20060101 B01D037/03; B01D 21/08 20060101
B01D021/08; B01D 21/24 20060101 B01D021/24; B01D 21/00 20060101
B01D021/00; B01D 36/04 20060101 B01D036/04; B01D 21/01 20060101
B01D021/01 |
Claims
1. A water filtration system comprising: a filtration container
comprising a container inlet for introducing sediment-containing
water into the filtration container and a container outlet for
removing treated water from the filtration container; a first
filtration chamber in flow communication with the container inlet
comprising an upper peripheral edge and a filter media support
extending at least partially across a length and width of the first
filtration chamber below the upper peripheral edge of the first
filtration chamber; a first baffle chamber adjacent to the first
filtration chamber having an upper overflow edge below the upper
peripheral edge of the first filtration chamber and a baffle outlet
below the upper overflow edge; a final stilling basin comprising a
lower inlet in flow communication with the baffle outlet of the
first baffle chamber and an upper peripheral edge; and a final
baffle chamber adjacent to the final stilling basin having an upper
overflow edge below the upper peripheral edge of the final stilling
basin, and a final baffle chamber outlet in flow communication with
the container outlet.
2. The water filtration system of claim 1, further comprising a
second filtration chamber comprising a lower opening in flow
communication with the baffle outlet of the first baffle chamber,
an upper peripheral edge, and a filter media support extending at
least partially across a length and width of the second filtration
chamber below the upper peripheral edge of the second filtration
chamber; and a second baffle chamber adjacent to the second
filtration chamber having an upper overflow edge below the upper
peripheral edge of the second filtration chamber and a baffle
outlet below the upper overflow edge of the second baffle
chamber.
3. The water filtration system of claim 2, further comprising a
third filtration chamber comprising a lower opening in flow
communication with the baffle outlet of the second baffle chamber,
an upper peripheral edge, and a filter media support extending at
least partially across a length and width of the third filtration
chamber below the upper peripheral edge of the third filtration
chamber; and a third baffle chamber adjacent to the third
filtration chamber having an upper overflow edge below the upper
peripheral edge of the third filtration chamber and a baffle outlet
below the upper overflow edge of the third baffle chamber.
4. The water filtration system of claim 3, further comprising a
first stilling basin comprising a lower opening in flow
communication with the baffle outlet of the third baffle chamber,
an upper peripheral edge, and a filter media support extending at
least partially across a length and width of the first stilling
basin below the upper peripheral edge of the first stilling basin;
and a fourth baffle chamber adjacent to the first stilling basin
having an upper overflow edge below the upper peripheral edge of
the first stilling basin and a baffle outlet below the upper
overflow edge of the fourth baffle chamber.
5. The water filtration system of claim 1, wherein the filtration
container has an overall height H.sub.O and an overall length
L.sub.O, and the overall height H.sub.O is at least 50 percent less
than the overall length.
6. The water filtration system of claim 5, wherein first filtration
chamber has a length L.sub.FC, the second filtration chamber has a
length L.sub.FC2, the third filtration chamber has a length
L.sub.FC3, the first stilling basin has a length L.sub.SB1, and the
final stilling basin has a length L.sub.SB2, and the first, second
and third filtration chambers and the first and final stilling
basins have substantially the same width W, and wherein: the length
of the first filtration chamber L.sub.FC1is from 25 to 150 percent
greater than the length of the second filtration chamber L.sub.mand
is from 25 to 150 percent greater than the length of the third
filtration chamber L.sub.FC3, and the length of the first stilling
basin L.sub.SB1 and the length of the final stilling basin
L.sub.SB2 are greater than the length of the second filtration
chamber L.sub.FC2 and the length of the third filtration chamber
L.sub.FC3.
7. The water filtration system of claim 6, wherein
sediment-containing water introduced into the filtration container
rises: a first rise height H.sub.R1 to overflow from the first
filtration chamber into the first baffle chamber; a second rise
height H.sub.R2 to overflow from the second filtration chamber into
the second baffle chamber; a third rise height H.sub.R3 to overflow
from the third filtration chamber into the third baffle chamber; a
fourth rise height H.sub.R4 to overflow from the first stilling
basin into the fourth baffle chamber; and a fifth height H.sub.R5
to overflow from the final stilling basin into the final baffle
chamber.
8. The water filtration system of claim 7, wherein the first rise
height H.sub.R1 is greater than the second rise height H.sub.R2,
the second rise height H.sub.R2 is greater than the third rise
height H.sub.R3, the third rise height H.sub.R3 is greater than the
fourth rise height H.sub.R4, and the fourth rise height H.sub.R4 is
greater than the fifth rise height H.sub.R5, and the sum of the
first, second, third, fourth and fifth rise heights H.sub.R1,
H.sub.R2, H.sub.R3, H.sub.R4 and H.sub.R5 is greater than the
overall length L.sub.O of the filtration container.
9. The water filtration system of claim 4, wherein the first
stilling basin comprises a filter media support extending at least
partially across a length and width of the first stilling basin
below the upper peripheral edge of the first stilling basin, and
the final stilling basin comprises a filter media support extending
at least partially across a length and width of the final stilling
basin below the upper peripheral edge of the final stilling
basin.
10. The water filtration system of claim 9, wherein the filter
media support of each filtration chamber and each stilling basin
comprises a bottom panel and a top panel, and a filter material
therebetween.
11. The water filtration system of claim 10, wherein the filter
material comprises jute, hemp, cotton, linen, wood, silk,
polyolefin, polyester, rayon, cellulose ester, polyvinyl, polyamide
or a combination thereof.
12. The water filtration system of claim 11, wherein the filter
material of at least the first filtration chamber contains a
flocculating agent.
13. The water filtration system of claim 12, wherein the filter
material of each filtration chamber contains a flocculating
agent.
14. The water filtration system of claim 13, wherein the
flocculating agent is an anionic polymer.
15. The water filtration system of claim 10, wherein the filter
material of each stilling basin does not contain a flocculating
agent.
16. The water filtration system of claim 4, wherein the upper
overflow edge of each baffle chamber comprises a weir structured
and arranged to engage a curtain filter, and the curtain filter is
disposed adjacent to a baffle wall of each baffle chamber.
17. The water filtration system of claim 16, wherein the curtain
filter comprises jute, hemp, cotton, linen, wood, silk, polyolefin,
polyester, rayon, cellulose ester, polyvinyl, polyamide or a
combination thereof.
18. The water filtration system of claim 1, further comprising a
pretreatment chamber in flow communication with the container
inlet, wherein the pretreatment chamber comprises at least one
flocculant basket structured and arranged to hold a flocculating
agent while allowing the sediment-containing water to flow through
the at least one flocculant basket.
19. The water filtration system of claim 18, wherein the
flocculating agent comprises a flocculant brick comprising an
anionic polyacrylamide co-polymer.
20. The water filtration system of claim 18, further comprising an
inlet control valve structured and arranged to adjustably control
flow of sediment-containing water into the pretreatment
chamber.
21. A method of removing sediment from construction related water
and returning it to the environment comprising: drawing
sediment-containing water from a source of sediment-containing
water into a filtration system comprising: a container inlet for
introducing the sediment-containing water into the filtration
container and a container outlet for removing treated water from
the filtration container; a first filtration chamber in flow
communication with the container inlet comprising an upper
peripheral edge and a filter media support extending at least
partially across a length and width of the first filtration chamber
below the upper peripheral edge of the first filtration chamber; a
first baffle chamber adjacent to the first filtration chamber
having an upper baffle edge below the upper peripheral edge of the
first filtration chamber and a baffle outlet below the upper baffle
edge; a final stilling basin comprising a lower inlet and an upper
peripheral edge; a final baffle chamber adjacent to the final
stilling basin having an upper baffle edge below the upper
peripheral edge of the final stilling basin, and a final baffle
chamber outlet in flow communication with the container outlet; and
treating the sediment-containing water in the system to remove at
least a portion of the sediment from the sediment-containing
water.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the sediment-containing water
is mixed with a flocculating agent.
23. The method of claim 21, wherein the sediment-containing water
is drawn into the filtration container a rate of from zero to 1,000
gallons per minute.
24. The method of claim 23, further comprising introducing the
sediment-containing water into a pretreatment chamber comprising
prior to drawing the sediment-containing water into the container
inlet.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the sediment-containing water
has a detention time in the pretreatment chamber and the filtration
container of from 5 to 30 minutes.
26. The method of claim 21, wherein the filtered water has a total
suspended solids concentration at least 75 percent less than a
total suspended solids concentration of the sediment-containing
water drawn from the source of water.
27. A method of removing sediment from sediment-containing water
comprising: drawing sediment-containing water from a source of
sediment-containing water into a pretreatment chamber, flowing the
sediment-containing water through the pretreatment chamber into a
first filtration chamber through a first filter medium in the first
filtration chamber, overflowing the sediment-containing water from
the first filtration chamber into a first baffle chamber, flowing
the sediment-containing water in a second filtration chamber
through a second filter medium in the second filtration chamber,
overflowing the sediment-containing water from the second
filtration chamber into a second baffle chamber, flowing the
sediment-containing water in a third filtration chamber through a
third filter medium in the third filtration chamber, overflowing
the sediment-containing water from the third filtration chamber
into a third baffle chamber, flowing the sediment-containing water
in a first stilling basin through a fourth filter medium in the
first stilling basin, overflowing the sediment-containing water
from the first stilling basin into a fourth baffle chamber, flowing
the sediment-containing water in a final stilling basin through a
fifth filter medium in the final stilling basin, overflowing
sediment-containing water from the final stilling basin into a
final baffle chamber, and removing the sediment-containing water
from the final baffle chamber to provide filtered water containing
a lower level of sediment than that of the sediment-containing
water drawn into the pretreatment chamber.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Patent Application Ser. No. 62/294,794 filed Feb. 12, 2016, which
is incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to water filtration systems,
and more particularly to mobile water filtration systems which
remove sediment and filter contaminants from water.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
[0003] The Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") has established
water standards for the release of construction related storm
water. Under the EPA standards, the proper treatment of
construction related storm water includes the cleaning of
sediment-containing water. Current apparatuses used to implement
and maintain water pollution prevention programs are often
ineffective because they are too costly to operate and maintain.
Another disadvantage of typical non-portable filtrations systems is
that many construction sites require more than one system to
adequately treat the construction related storm water that pools
around the site.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0004] The present invention provides transportable multi-chamber
water filtration systems useable at construction sites with
contaminated water. The transportable multi-chamber water
filtration systems remove sediment and contaminants from
contaminated water by combined processes of gravitational settling,
filtration and coagulation of sediment by the use of flocculants.
The systems provide efficient removal of sediment and contaminants
from the water around various sized sites.
[0005] An aspect of the present invention is to provide a water
filtration system comprising a filtration container comprising a
container inlet for introducing sediment-containing water into the
filtration container and a container outlet for removing treated
water from the filtration container, a first filtration chamber in
flow communication with the container inlet comprising an upper
peripheral edge and a filter media support extending at least
partially across a length and width of the first filtration chamber
below the upper peripheral edge of the first filtration chamber, a
first baffle chamber adjacent to the first filtration chamber
having an upper overflow edge below the upper peripheral edge of
the first filtration chamber and a baffle outlet below the upper
overflow edge, a final stilling basin comprising a lower inlet in
flow communication with the baffle outlet of the first baffle
chamber and an upper peripheral edge, and a final baffle chamber
adjacent to the final stilling basin having an upper overflow edge
below the upper peripheral edge of the final stilling basin, and a
final baffle chamber outlet in flow communication with the
container outlet.
[0006] Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a
method of removing sediment from construction related water and
returning it to the environment comprising drawing
sediment-containing water from a source of sediment-containing
water into a filtration system comprising a container inlet for
introducing the sediment-containing water into the filtration
container and a container outlet for removing treated water from
the filtration container, a first filtration chamber in flow
communication with the container inlet comprising an upper
peripheral edge and a filter media support extending at least
partially across a length and width of the first filtration chamber
below the upper peripheral edge of the first filtration chamber, a
first baffle chamber adjacent to the first filtration chamber
having an upper baffle edge below the upper peripheral edge of the
first filtration chamber and a baffle outlet below the upper baffle
edge, a final stilling basin comprising a lower inlet and an upper
peripheral edge, a final baffle chamber adjacent to the final
stilling basin having an upper baffle edge below the upper
peripheral edge of the final stilling basin, and a final baffle
chamber outlet in flow communication with the container outlet and
treating the sediment-containing water in the system to remove at
least a portion of the sediment from the sediment-containing
water.
[0007] A further aspect of the present invention is to provide a
method of removing sediment from sediment-containing water
comprising: drawing sediment-containing water from a source of
sediment-containing water into a pretreatment chamber, flowing the
sediment-containing water through the pretreatment chamber into a
first filtration chamber through a first filter medium in the first
filtration chamber, overflowing the sediment-containing water from
the first filtration chamber into a first baffle chamber, flowing
the sediment-containing water in a second filtration chamber
through a second filter medium in the second filtration chamber,
overflowing the sediment-containing water from the second
filtration chamber into a second baffle chamber, flowing the
sediment-containing water in a third filtration chamber through a
third filter medium in the third filtration chamber, overflowing
the sediment-containing water from the third filtration chamber
into a third baffle chamber, flowing the sediment-containing water
in a first stilling basin through a fourth filter medium in the
first stilling basin, overflowing the sediment-containing water
from the first stilling basin into a fourth baffle chamber, flowing
the sediment-containing water in a final stilling basin through a
fifth filter medium in the final stilling basin, overflowing
sediment-containing water from the final stilling basin into a
final baffle chamber, and removing the sediment-containing water
from the final baffle chamber to provide filtered water containing
a lower level of sediment than that of the sediment-containing
water drawn into the pretreatment chamber.
[0008] These and other aspects of the present invention will be
more apparent from the following description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] FIG. 1 is a partially schematic isometric view of a
transportable multi-chamber water filtration system in accordance
with an embodiment of the present invention.
[0010] FIG. 2 is a partially schematic top view of the
transportable multi-chamber water filtration system of FIG. 1.
[0011] FIG. 3 is partially schematic side sectional view of the
transportable multi-chamber water filtration system of FIG. 2.
[0012] FIG. 4 is a partially schematic top view of a filter media
support in accordance with an embodiment of the present
invention.
[0013] FIG. 5 is a partially schematic side view of a baffle
chamber in accordance with an embodiment of the present
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] The present invention provides transportable multi-chamber
water filtration systems for removing sediment and contaminants
from water. The transportable multi-chamber water filtration
systems may clean contaminated storm water by combined processes of
gravitational settling, filtration, flocculation and coagulation of
sediment by the use of flocculants, and return the treated water to
the environment in situ. As used herein, the term "floc" is a mass
formed by the aggregation of a number of fine suspended solids and
particles. As used herein, the term "flocculation" is the process
wherein colloids and particles come out of suspension in the form
of floc. As used herein, the term "sediment-containing water" is
water taken from the environment and the term "filtered water"
refers to water that has had a desired amount of sediment removed
therefrom.
[0015] FIG. 1 illustrates a transportable multi-chamber water
filtration system 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the
present invention. In certain embodiments, the multi-chamber water
filtration system 10 is transportable by an integral trailer. In
other embodiments, the multi-chamber water filtration system may
not have an integral trailer and may be transportable by being
placed on a trailer. In the embodiment shown, the multi-chamber
water filtration system 10 comprises a filtration container 12
mounted on a trailer frame 14. In accordance with an embodiment of
the present invention, the filtration container 12 may be connected
to the trailer frame 14 by any suitable attachment means, such as,
welding or mechanical fasteners, or may be integrally formed
therewith. The trailer frame 14 may comprise axles 16, front
portion 18 and leveling outriggers 19. In the embodiment shown,
there are two axles 16, but any other suitable number of axles may
be used. For example, there may be zero, one, three, four or more
axles. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the portability of the multi-chamber water filtration system 10 is
a critical feature which requires that it be both roadworthy and
strong enough to be transported off-road as required. The
multi-chamber water filtration system 10 has been designed and
configured to provide a roadworthy device which can legally travel
across state and federal highways to deliver the multi-chamber
water filtration system 10 to the remote locations where it is to
be deployed. The leveling riggers 19 allow the multi-chamber water
filtration system 10 to be leveled once the system arrives at the
treatment site.
[0016] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the internal volume and dimensions of the filtration container 12
may vary depending on the intended use of the multi-chamber water
filtration system 10. For example, the capacity of the filtration
container 12 may typically range from 2000 gallons to 10,000
gallons or more. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the overall length
L.sub.O of the filtration container 12 may typically range from 10
to 75 feet, e.g., from 15 to 55 feet. The width W of the filtration
container 12 may typically range from 3 to 12 feet, e.g., from 5 to
9 feet. The overall height H.sub.O of the filtration container 12
may typically range from 3 to 20 feet, e.g., from 5 to 14 feet. In
accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the overall
height H.sub.O is less than the overall length L.sub.O, e.g., the
overall height H.sub.O is 50 percent less than overall length
L.sub.O, or less than 40 percent, or less than 30 percent.
[0017] As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the multi-chamber water filtration
system 10 includes a pretreatment chamber 20. In the embodiment
shown, the pretreatment chamber 20 is mounted on the front portion
18 of the trailer frame 14 outside of the filtration container 12.
However, any other suitable arrangement of pretreatment chamber 20
may be used, e.g., the pretreatment chamber 20 may be mounted on
the outside of the filtration container 12, the pretreatment
chamber 20 may be located inside the filtration container 12, or
the pretreatment chamber 20 may be eliminated.
[0018] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the pretreatment chamber 20 comprises an inlet control valve 22.
The inlet control valve 22 may comprise a manual gate valve,
however, any other suitable valve may be used. For example, a ball
valve, a butterfly valve, a globe valve, a knife valve, and the
like. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the inlet control valve 22 is intended to interface with a standard
3 inch diameter hose. However, the inlet control valve 22 may have
any suitable size, e.g., a smaller diameter or a larger diameter
for interfacing with hoses having a range of diameters. A portable
water pump (not shown) may be used to feed sediment-containing
water from a sediment-containing water source through the inlet
control valve 22 into the pretreatment chamber 20. In accordance
with an embodiment of the present invention, the inlet control
valve 22 is used to control the flow of water in the multi-chamber
water filtration system 10. For example, the inlet control valve 22
controls the amount of sediment-containing water that is fed from
the source into the multi-chamber water filtration system 10 by the
water pump. In addition, closing the inlet control valve 22
prevents water inside of the multi-chamber water filtration system
10 from flowing back into the source if the pump is no longer in
operation.
[0019] As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the pretreatment chamber 20 comprises
flocculant baskets 24. In the embodiment shown, there are three
flocculant baskets 24, but any other suitable number of flocculant
baskets may be used. For example, there may be zero, one, two, four
or more flocculant baskets. In accordance with an embodiment of the
present invention, the flocculant baskets 24 may hold a
flocculating agent inside the pretreatment chamber 20. As shown in
FIGS. 2 and 3, the flocculating agent may be provided in the form
of a flocculating brick 26 held inside the flocculant baskets 24.
However, the flocculating agent may be added to the pretreatment
chamber 20 in any suitable form or in any suitable technique, such
as pouring a powder flocculating agent directly into the
pretreatment chamber, placing flocculating agent in the
pretreatment chamber, attaching the flocculating agent to the walls
of the pretreatment chamber, or the like. In accordance with an
embodiment of the present invention, the flocculant baskets 24 are
formed by expanded metal to allow the sediment-containing water to
flow through the basket and come into contact with the flocculating
brick 26. However, the flocculant baskets 24 may be formed with any
suitable material, including metals, plastics or the like. In the
embodiment shown, the flocculant baskets 24 have a bottom and four
sidewalls, but any other arrangement for the basket may be used to
hold the flocculating agent. For example, the walls of the
pretreatment chamber 20 may form the bottom and two sidewalls of
the flocculant basket.
[0020] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the flocculating brick 26 may be any suitable non-ionic, anionic or
cationic flocculating agent. As understood by those skilled in the
art, the flocculating brick 26 may be selected based on the
specific nature of the sediment-containing water that is to be
filtered. For example, the flocculating brick 26 may be a
water-soluble, anionic polymeric flocculating agent. The
flocculating brick 26 may be a powder product in the form of a
block of anionic polyacrylamide co-polymer. A flocculating brick 26
may be placed in each flocculant basket 24, and when the
sediment-containing water flows through the pretreatment chamber
20, the flocculating brick 26 may release the anionic polymer such
that it is dissolved into the sediment-containing water. While the
use of the flocculating brick 26 in the pretreatment chamber 20 are
described herein, it is to be understood that any other suitable
flocculating agent may be used in accordance with the present
invention. When the sediment-containing water including
contaminants such as clays, soil particles or other small charged
particles contacts and mixes with the flocculating agent, the
dissolved polymer attaches and binds to the contaminants thereby
beginning to form a floc of dissolved flocculating agent and
contaminants. In accordance with an embodiment of the present
invention, the pretreatment chamber 20 may include a watertight lid
(not shown) that allows the flocculant baskets 24 to be accessed to
add additional flocculating bricks 26.
[0021] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the pretreatment chamber 20 is connected with the container inlet
28 of filtration container 12 by an inlet pipe 27. As most clearly
shown in FIGS. 1-3, the inlet pipe 27 may be connected to the
pretreatment chamber 20 at the end opposite to the inlet control
valve 22. As shown in FIG. 2, the sediment-containing water is
pumped into the pretreatment chamber 20 through the inlet control
valve 22 at a first end, flows around and through the flocculant
baskets 24 and exits the pretreatment chamber 20 through the inlet
pipe 27. As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the inlet pipe 27 may run alongside
the width of the filtration container 12 and may comprise a series
of 90 degree turns before connecting with the filtration container
12. The turns of the inlet pipe 27 provide turbulent flow and
hydraulic energy to allow the flocculating agents to continue to
mix and dissolve into the sediment-containing water.
[0022] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the filtration container 12 comprises first, second and third
filtration chambers 30, 60 and 90, as shown in FIGS. 1-3. While the
multi-chamber water filtration system 10 shown in FIGS. 1-3 has
three filtration chambers, in other embodiments any other suitable
number of filtration chambers may be used. For example, there may
be zero, one, two, four or more filtration chambers. In accordance
with an embodiment of the present invention, the filtration
container 12 comprises first and second stilling basins 120 and
150, as shown in FIGS. 1-3. While the multi-chamber water
filtration system 10 shown in FIGS. 1-3 has two stilling basins, in
other embodiments any other suitable number of stilling basins may
be used. For example, there may be zero, one, three, four or more
stilling basins. In accordance with an embodiment of the present
invention, the filtration container 12 comprises baffle chambers
50, 80, 110, 140 and 170, as shown in FIGS. 1-3. While the
multi-chamber water filtration system 10 shown in FIGS. 1-3 has
five baffle chambers, in other embodiments any other suitable
number of baffle chambers may be used. For example, there may be
zero, one, two, three, four, six or more baffle chambers.
[0023] As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the first filtration chamber 30
comprises bottom surface 31, inlet wall 32, first and second
sidewalls 38 and 39, and overflow weir wall 34. The inlet wall 32
may comprise a container inlet 28 that receives the inlet pipe 27,
as shown in FIGS. 1-3. In the embodiment shown, bottom surface 31,
inlet wall 32, and first and second sidewalls 38 and 39 are formed
by the bottom surface and walls of the filtration container 12.
Alternatively, the bottom surface 31, inlet wall 32, and/or first
and second sidewalls 38 and 39 may be formed by additional material
mounted in the filtration container 12. In certain embodiments, the
inlet wall 32 and first and second sidewalls 38 and 39 form an
upper peripheral edge 33 of the first filtration chamber 30.
[0024] The overflow weir wall 34 may be connected to the filtration
container 12 by welding the overflow weir wall 34 to the bottom
surface 31 and the first and second sidewalls 38 and 39 to form the
water tight first filtration chamber 30. Alternatively, the
overflow weir wall 34 may be mounting using any other suitable
method, or may be integrally formed in the first filtration chamber
30. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the
overflow weir wall 34 comprises an overflow edge 35 which
establishes the level at which sediment-containing water overflows
the filtration chamber 30. In the embodiment shown, the overflow
edge 35 forms a lip that extends toward the inlet wall 32 of the
first filtration chamber 30, as most clearly shown in FIGS. 1 and
3. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the
overflow edge 35 of the overflow weir wall 34 is formed at a height
lower than the upper peripheral edge 33 of the first filtration
chamber. This arrangement provides that the sediment-containing
water will exit the filtration chamber 30 over the overflow weir
wall 34. As shown in FIGS. 1-3 and 5, the overflow edge 35 of the
overflow weir wall 34 may comprise studs 36 for securing a curtain
filter 37 to the top of the overflow weir wall 34. In the
embodiment shown, the studs 36 are sharpened metal rod welded to
the overflow edge 35 of the overflow weir wall 34. However, any
other suitable method of attaching the curtain filter 37 to the
overflow weir wall 34 such as magnets, mechanical fasteners, Velcro
or the like may be used. Although the overflow edge 35 shown in
FIGS. 1-3 and 5 is formed as a lip that extends toward the inlet
wall 32, the overflow edge 35 may have a lip extending away from
the inlet wall 32, toward the bottom surface 31, or no lip and only
an overflow edge 35.
[0025] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the first filtration chamber 30 includes a filter media support 40.
The filter media support 40 extends at least partially across a
length and width of the first filtration chamber 30 below the upper
peripheral edge of the first filtration chamber 30, as shown most
clearly in FIGS. 1-3. In the embodiment shown, the filter media
support 40 extends across the entire length and width of the first
filtration chamber 30, but any other suitable arrangement may be
used. For example, the filter media support 40 may extend across 50
percent of the length and width of the first filtration chamber 30
or 75 percent of the length and width of the first filtration
chamber 30.
[0026] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the filter media support 40 comprises a bottom panel 41 and a top
panel 43 that hold a filter material 46 within the filter media
support 40. In certain embodiments, the bottom panel 41 may be
secured in filtration chamber 30 by welding 42 the bottom panel to
the inlet wall 32, overflow weir wall 34, and/or first and second
sidewalls 38 and 39. Alternatively, any other suitable method for
securing the bottom panel 41 in the filtration chamber 30 may be
used, e.g., mechanical fasteners or glue, or the bottom panel may
be integrally formed therewith. In accordance with an embodiment of
the present invention, the top panel 41 may be placed on securing
blocks 44 positioned on the inlet wall 32, overflow weir wall 34,
and/or first and second sidewalls 38 and 39. As shown in FIG. 3,
the securing blocks 44 may include pins 45 to removably secure the
top panel 43 in place. This arrangement allows the top panel 43 to
be easily removed to install and replace the filter material 46.
However, it is to be understood that any suitable method to secure
the top panel 43 in the filtration chamber 30 may be used. For
example, magnets, mechanical fasteners, welding, or the like. In
accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the top
panel 43 is positioned a vertical distance from the bottom panel 41
to allow various thicknesses of filter material 46 to be placed in
the filter media support 40. For example, the distance between the
top plate 43 and the bottom plate 41 may typically range from 1 to
24 inches, or from 2 to 18 inches or from 3 to 12 inches. While a
filter media support arrangements are described herein, it is to be
understood that any other suitable filter media support arrangement
may be used in accordance with the present invention. For example,
the filter media support 40 may comprise only a bottom panel.
[0027] The top and bottom panels 41 and 43 may be made of any
suitable materials, including metals, plastics, or the like. For
example, the top and bottom panels 41 and 42 may be made of
expanded steel sheet that allows the sediment-containing water to
rise through the filter media support 40 as water flows into and
fills the filtration chamber 30.
[0028] As shown in detail in FIG. 4, the filter material 46 may be
positioned between the bottom panel 41 and the top panel 43. In the
embodiment shown, the filter material 46 is sized to completely
cover the surface area of the filter media support 40. This
arrangement results in all sediment-containing water flowing
through the filtration chamber 30 to flow through the filter
material 46. However, any other suitable size of filter material 46
may be used, e.g., sized to cover 50 percent, 60 percent or 75
percent of the filter media support 40. The filter material 46 may
have a thickness selected based on characteristics of the
sediment-containing water. For example, the filter material 46 may
have a thickness ranging from 0.5 to 15 inches, or from 1 to 12
inches or from 1.5 to 10 inches. The filter material 46 may be a
single layer of material or may consist of a number of layers. The
filter material 46 may be made of any suitable materials, including
natural materials, e.g., fibers or filaments of wood, silk, jute,
hemp, cotton, linen, and the like, or synthetic materials, e.g.,
polyolefm, polyester, rayon, cellulose ester, polyvinyl, polyamide,
and the like, as well as combinations of all of the above. In
addition, the filter material 46 may comprise woven, non-woven
and/or monolithic layers. For example, the filter material 46 may
be a woven jute material.
[0029] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the filter material 46 of the filter media support 40 of the first
filtration chamber 30 may be treated with a flocculating agent. The
flocculating agent may be any suitable non-ionic, anionic or
cationic flocculating agent. In accordance with an embodiment of
the present invention, the flocculating agent may include the
following groups: mineral flocculants, such as activated silica,
colloidal clays, metallic hydroxides and the like; natural
flocculants, such as starch derivatives, polysaccharides, alginates
and the like; semi-synthetic flocculants, such as chitosan and the
like; and synthetic flocculants, such as polyacrylamides,
polyethylene-imines, polyamides-amines, polyamines,
polyethylene-oxide, sulfonated compounds and the like. In
accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the filter
media 46 is treated with the flocculating agent by impregnating the
filter media 46 with a dry powder. For example, a woven jute filter
material 46 may be impregnated with a dry anionic polyacrylamide
powder. Alternatively, additional flocculating bricks 26 or the
like may be placed in the filter media support 40 along with filter
material 46 that has been treated with a flocculating agent or that
is substantially free of flocculating agents. In a preferred
embodiment, the filter material 46 in the filter media support 40
of the first filtration chamber 30 is treated with a flocculating
agent.
[0030] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a
first baffle chamber 50 is formed by overflow weir wall 34, first
and second sidewalls 38 and 39, and baffle wall 51. Baffle wall 51
may be secured in the filtration container 12 by being welded to
the first and second sidewalls 38 and 39. In another embodiment,
baffle wall 51 may be connected to the first and second side walls
38 and 39 by any suitable attachment means, such as, mechanical
fasteners or welding, or may be integrally formed therewith. In
certain embodiments, the baffle wall 51 is placed at a distance
from the overflow weir wall 34 to assure continuation of the upward
flow mixing and filtration process of the multi-chamber water
filtration system 10. For example, the horizontal distance between
the overflow weir wall and the baffle wall may range from 1 to 10
inches, or from 2 to 8 inches or from 3 to 6 inches. The baffle
wall 51 comprises a top edge 52 and a bottom edge 53. The top edge
52 may be positioned at a height substantially equal to the height
of the upper peripheral walls 33 of the first filtration chamber
30. This allows the baffle wall 51 to extend above the overflow
edge 35 of the overflow weir wall 34 and provides for the
sediment-containing water to flow into the first baffle chamber 50.
The bottom edge 53 of the baffle wall 51 may be located at a
distance from the bottom surface 61 of the second filtration
chamber 60. For example, the distance between the bottom edge 53
and the bottom surface 61 may typically range from 2 to 18 inches,
or from 3 to 12 inches or from 4 to 10 inches. The distance between
the bottom edge 53 of the baffle wall 51 and the bottom surface 61
forms a baffle outlet at the bottom of the first baffle chamber 50.
The baffle outlet at the bottom of the first baffle chamber 50
corresponds to a lower inlet opening of the second filtration
chamber 60. Thus, the sediment-containing water overflows from the
first filtration chamber 30 into the first baffle chamber 50 and
through the baffle outlet into the lower inlet opening of the
second filtration chamber 60. In accordance with an embodiment of
the present invention, the baffle chamber 50 may comprise supports
54 between the overflow weir wall 34 and the baffle wall 51, as
most clearly shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The supports provide
additional rigidity to the first filtration chamber 30 and the
first baffle chamber 50.
[0031] As shown in detail in FIG. 5, the baffle chamber 50
comprises a curtain filter 37. The curtain filter 37 may extend
from the overflow edge 35 of the overflow weir wall 34 into the
baffle chamber 50 adjacent to the baffle wall 51. For example, the
curtain filter 37 may extend a length typically ranging from 0.5 to
5 feet, or from 1 to 4 feet, or from 1.5 to 3 feet. As the
sediment-containing water and flocs flow over the overflow weir
wall 34, the sediment-containing water and flocs come into contact
with the curtain filter 37 for additional filtering. Alternatively,
the curtain filter 37 may be eliminated. In accordance with an
embodiment of the present invention, the curtain filter 37 may have
a thickness that allows a majority of the water flowing over the
overflow weir wall 34 to pass through the curtain filter. For
example, the curtain filter 37 may have a thickness typically
ranging from 1 to 10 inches, or from 2 to 8 inches, or from 3 to 6
inches. The curtain filter 37 may be made from the same material as
the filter material 46, or the curtain filter 37 material may be
made from a different material than the filter material 46. In
addition, the curtain filter 37 material may be treated or not
treated with a flocculating agent. For example, the curtain filter
may be a woven jute material that does not comprise a flocculating
agent.
[0032] As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the second and third filtration
chambers 60 and 90 may be of the same or similar construction as
the first filtration chamber 30, as previously discussed. Similar
element numbers are used to describe the same features found in the
first filtration chamber 30. In accordance with an embodiment of
the present invention, the second filtration chamber 60 comprises
bottom surface 61, baffle wall 51, first and second sidewalls 68
and 69, and overflow weir wall 64. In the embodiment shown, bottom
surface 61 and first and second sidewalls 68 and 69 are formed by
the bottom surface and walls of the filtration container 12. In
certain embodiments, the first and second sidewalls 68 and 69 form
an upper peripheral edge 63 of the second filtration chamber
60.
[0033] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the overflow weir wall 64 comprises an overflow edge 65 which
establishes the level at which sediment-containing water overflows
the second filtration chamber 60. In accordance with an embodiment
of the present invention, the overflow edge 65 forms a lip that
extends toward the baffle wall 51 of the first baffle chamber 50,
as most clearly shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. In accordance with an
embodiment of the present invention, the overflow edge 65 of the
overflow weir wall 64 is formed at a height lower than the upper
peripheral edge 63 of the second filtration chamber 60. In
addition, the overflow edge 65 of the overflow weir wall 64 is
formed at a height lower than the top edge 52 of the baffle wall
51. This arrangement provides that the sediment-containing water
will exit the filtration chamber 60 over the overflow weir wall 64.
As shown in FIGS. 1-3 and 5, the overflow edge 65 of the overflow
weir wall 64 may comprise studs 66 for securing a curtain filter 67
to the top of the overflow weir wall 64.
[0034] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the filtration chamber 60 includes a filter media support 70. The
filter media support 70 extends at least partially across a length
and width of the second filtration chamber 60 below the upper
peripheral edge 63 of the second filtration chamber 60, as shown
most clearly in FIGS. 1-3. The filter media support 70 comprises a
bottom panel 71and a top panel 73 that hold a filter material 76
within the filter media support 70. In certain embodiments, the
bottom panel 71 may be secured in filtration chamber 60 by welding
62 the bottom panel to the baffle wall 51, overflow weir wall 64,
and/or first and second sidewalls 68 and 69. In accordance with an
embodiment of the present invention, the top panel 71 may be placed
on securing blocks 74 positioned on the baffle wall 51, overflow
weir wall 64, and/or first and second sidewalls 68 and 69. As shown
in FIG. 3, the securing blocks 74 may include pins 75 to removably
secure the top panel 73 in place. In accordance with an embodiment
of the present invention, the top panel 73 is positioned a vertical
distance from the bottom panel 71 to allow various thicknesses of
filter material 76 to be placed in the filter media support 70.
[0035] The filter material 76 may have a thickness selected based
on characteristics of the sediment-containing water. For example,
the filter material 76 may have a thickness ranging from 0.5 to 15
inches, or from 1 to 12 inches or from 1.5 to 10 inches. The filter
material 76 may be made of the same or different material as the
filter material 46. In addition, the filter material 76 may be of
the same or of a different thickness than the filter material
46.
[0036] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the filter material 76 of the filter media support 70 of the
filtration chamber 60 may be treated with a flocculating agent. The
flocculating agent may be any suitable non-ionic, anionic or
cationic flocculating agent, as previously described herein. In
accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the filter
material 76 in the filter media support 70 of the filtration
chamber 60 may be treated with a flocculating agent or may be
substantially free of flocculating agents.
[0037] As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the second, third, fourth and final
baffle chambers 80, 110, 140 and 170 may be of the same or similar
construction as the first baffle chamber 50, as previously
discussed. Similar element numbers are used to describe the same
features found in the baffle chamber 50. In accordance with an
embodiment of the present invention, baffle chamber 80 is formed by
overflow weir wall 64, first and second sidewalls 68 and 69, and
baffle wall 81. In certain embodiments, the baffle wall 81 is
placed at a distance from the overflow weir wall 64 to assure
continuation of the upward flow mixing and filtration process of
the multi-chamber water filtration system 10. The baffle wall 81
comprises a top edge 82 and a bottom edge 83. The top edge 82 may
be positioned at a height substantially equal to the height of the
upper peripheral edge 63 of the filtration chamber 60. This allows
the baffle wall 81to extend above the overflow edge 65 of the
overflow weir wall 64 and provides for the sediment-containing
water to flow into the baffle chamber 80. The bottom edge 83 of the
baffle wall 81 may be located at a distance from the bottom surface
91 of the filtration chamber 90. For example, the distance between
the bottom edge 83 and the bottom surface 91 may typically range
from 2 to 18 inches, or from 3 to 12 inches or from 4 to 10 inches.
The distance between the bottom edge 83 of the baffle wall 81 and
the bottom surface 91 forms a baffle outlet at the bottom of the
second baffle chamber 80. The distance between the bottom edge 83
of the baffle wall 81 and the bottom surface 91 forms a baffle
outlet at the bottom of the second baffle chamber 80. The baffle
outlet at the bottom of the second baffle chamber 80 corresponds to
a lower inlet opening of the third filtration chamber 90. Thus, the
sediment-containing water overflows from the second filtration
chamber 60 into the second baffle chamber 80 and through the baffle
outlet into the lower inlet opening of the third filtration chamber
90. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the
baffle chamber 80 may comprise supports 84 between the overflow
weir wall 64 and the baffle wall 81, as most clearly shown in FIGS.
1 and 2. The supports provide additional rigidity to the second
filtration chamber 60 and the second baffle chamber 80.
[0038] As shown in FIG. 3, the baffle chamber 80 comprises a
curtain filter 67. The curtain filter 67 may extend from the
overflow edge 65 of the overflow weir wall 64 into the baffle
chamber 80. As the sediment-containing water and flocs flow over
the overflow weir wall 64, the sediment-containing water and flocs
come into contact with the curtain filter 67 for additional
filtering. Alternatively, the curtain filter 67 may be
eliminated.
[0039] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the third filtration chamber 90 comprises bottom surface 91, baffle
wall 81, first and second sidewalls 98 and 99, and overflow weir
wall 94. In the embodiment shown, bottom surface 91 and first and
second sidewalls 98 and 99 are formed by the bottom surface and
walls of the filtration container 12. In certain embodiments, the
first and second sidewalls 98 and 99 form an upper peripheral edge
93 of third filtration chamber 90.
[0040] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the overflow weir wall 94 comprises an overflow edge 95 which
establishes the level at which sediment-containing water overflows
the filtration chamber 90. In accordance with an embodiment of the
present invention, the overflow edge 95 is formed as a lip that
extends toward the baffle wall 81 of the second baffle chamber 80,
as most clearly shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. In accordance with an
embodiment of the present invention, the overflow edge 95 of the
overflow weir wall 94 is formed at a height lower than the upper
peripheral edge 93 of the third filtration chamber 90. In addition,
the overflow edge 95 of the overflow weir wall 94 is formed at a
height lower than the top edge 82 of the baffle wall 81. This
arrangement provides that the sediment-containing water will exit
the filtration chamber 90 over the overflow weir wall 94. As shown
in FIGS. 1-3 and 5, the overflow edge 95 of the overflow weir wall
94 may comprise studs 96 for securing a curtain filter 97 to the
top of the overflow weir wall 94.
[0041] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the filtration chamber 90 includes a filter media support 100. The
filter media support 100 extends at least partially across a length
and width of the third filtration chamber 90 below the upper
peripheral edge 93 of the third filtration chamber 90, as shown
most clearly in FIGS. 1-3. In the embodiment shown, the filter
media support 100 comprises a bottom panel 101and a top panel 103
that hold a filter material 106 within the filter media support
100. In certain embodiments, the bottom panel 101 may be secured in
filtration chamber 90 by welding 102 the bottom panel 101 to the
baffle wall 81, overflow weir wall 94, and/or first and second
sidewalls 98 and 99. In accordance with an embodiment of the
present invention, the top panel 101 may be placed on securing
blocks 104 positioned on the baffle wall 81, overflow weir wall 94,
and/or first and second sidewalls 98 and 99. As shown in FIG. 3,
the securing blocks 104 may include pins 105 to removably secure
the top panel 103 in place. In accordance with an embodiment of the
present invention, the top panel 103 is positioned a vertical
distance from the bottom panel 101 to allow various thicknesses of
filter material 106 to be placed in the filter media support
100.
[0042] The filter material 106 may have a thickness selected based
on characteristics of the sediment-containing water. For example,
the filter material 106 may have a thickness ranging from 0.5 to 15
inches, or from 1 to 12 inches or from 1.5 to 10 inches. The filter
material 106 may be made of the same or different material as the
filter material 46. In addition, the filter material 106 may be of
the same or of a different thickness than the filter material
46.
[0043] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the filter material 106 of the filter media support 100 of the
filtration chamber 90 may be treated with a flocculating agent. The
flocculating agent may be any suitable non-ionic, anionic or
cationic flocculating agent, as previously described herein. In
accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the filter
material 106 in the filter media support 100 of the third
filtration chamber 90 may be treated with a flocculating agent or
may be substantially free of flocculating agents.
[0044] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
baffle chamber 110 is formed by overflow weir wall 94, first and
second sidewalls 98 and 99, and baffle wall 111. In certain
embodiments, the baffle wall 111 is placed at a distance from the
overflow weir wall 94 to assure continuation of the upward flow
mixing and filtration process of the multi-chamber water filtration
system 10. The baffle wall 111 comprises a top edge 112 and a
bottom edge 113. The top edge 112 may be positioned at a height
substantially equal to the height of the upper peripheral edge 93
of the filtration chamber 90. This allows the baffle wall 111to
extend above the overflow edge 95 of the overflow weir wall 94 and
provides for the sediment-containing water to flow into the baffle
chamber 110. The bottom edge 113 of the baffle wall 111 may be
located at a distance from the bottom surface 121 of the stilling
basin 120. For example, the distance between the bottom edge 113
and the bottom surface 121 may typically range from 2 to 18 inches,
or from 3 to 12 inches or from 4 to 10 inches. The distance between
the bottom edge 113 of the baffle wall 111 and the bottom surface
121 forms a baffle outlet at the bottom of the third baffle chamber
110. The baffle outlet at the bottom of the third baffle chamber
110 corresponds to a lower inlet opening of the first stilling
basin 120. Thus, the sediment-containing water overflows from the
third filtration chamber 90 into the third baffle chamber 110 and
through the baffle outlet into the lower inlet opening of the first
stilling basin 120. In accordance with an embodiment of the present
invention, the baffle chamber 110 may comprise supports 114 between
the overflow weir wall 94 and the baffle wall 111, as most clearly
shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The supports provide additional rigidity to
the third filtration chamber 90 and the third baffle chamber
110.
[0045] As shown in FIG. 3, the baffle chamber 110 comprises a
curtain filter 97. The curtain filter 97 may extend from the
overflow edge 95 of the overflow weir wall 94 into the baffle
chamber 110. As the sediment-containing water and flocs flow over
the overflow weir wall 94, the sediment-containing water and flocs
come into contact with the curtain filter 97 for additional
filtering.
[0046] As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the first stilling basin 120
comprises bottom surface 121, baffle wall 111, first and second
sidewalls 128 and 129, and overflow weir wall 124. In the
embodiment shown, bottom surface 121 and first and second sidewalls
128 and 129 are formed by the walls of the filtration container 12.
In certain embodiments, the first and second sidewalls 128 and 129
form an upper peripheral edge 123.
[0047] The overflow weir wall 124 may be connected to the
filtration container 12 by welding the overflow weir wall 124 to
the bottom surface 121 and first and second sidewalls 128 and 129
to form the water tight stilling basin 120. Alternatively, the
overflow weir wall 34 may be integrally formed in the first
stilling basin 120. The overflow weir wall 124 comprises an
overflow edge 125 which establishes the level at which
sediment-containing water overflows the stilling basin 120. In
accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the
overflow edge 125 forms a lip that extends toward the baffle wall
111 of the third baffle chamber 110, as most clearly shown in FIGS.
1 and 3. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the overflow edge 125 of the overflow weir wall 124 is formed at a
height lower than the upper peripheral edge 123 of the first
stilling basin 120. In addition, the overflow edge 125 of the
overflow weir wall 124 is formed at a height lower than the top
edge 112 of the baffle wall 111. This arrangement provides that the
sediment-containing water will exit the first stilling basin 120
over the overflow weir wall 124. As shown in FIGS. 1-3 and 5, the
overflow edge 125 of the overflow weir wall 124 may comprise studs
126 for securing a curtain filter 127 to the top of the overflow
weir wall 124. In the embodiment shown, the studs 126 are sharpened
metal rod welded to the overflow edge 125 of the overflow weir wall
124. However, any other suitable method of attaching the curtain
filter to the overflow weir wall 124 such as magnets, mechanical
fasteners, Velcro or the like may be used. Although the overflow
edge 125 shown in FIGS. 1-3 is formed as a lip that extends toward
the baffle wall 111, the overflow weir wall 124 may have a lip
extending away from the baffle wall, toward the bottom surface 121,
or no lip and only an overflow edge.
[0048] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the first stilling basin 120 includes a filter media support 130.
The filter media support 120 extends at least partially across a
length and width of the first stilling basin below the upper
peripheral edge 123 of the first stilling basin 120, as shown most
clearly in FIGS. 1-3. In the embodiment shown, the filter media
support 130 extends across the entire length and width of the first
stilling basin 120, but any other suitable arrangement may be used.
For example, the filter media support 130 may extend across 50
percent of the length and width of the first stilling basin 120 or
75 percent of the length and width of the first stilling basin
120.
[0049] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the filter media support 130 comprises a bottom panel 131 and a top
panel 133 that hold a filter material 136 within the filter media
support 130. In certain embodiments, the bottom panel 131 may be
secured in the first stilling basin 120 by welding 132 the bottom
panel 131 to the baffle wall 111, overflow weir wall 124, and/or
first and second sidewalls 128 and 129. Alternatively, any other
suitable method for securing the bottom panel 131 in the stilling
basin 120 may be used, e.g., mechanical fasteners or glue, or may
be integrally formed therewith. In accordance with an embodiment of
the present invention, the top panel 131 may be placed on securing
blocks 134 positioned on the baffle wall 111, overflow weir wall
124, and/or first and second sidewalls 128 and 129. As shown in
FIG. 3, the securing blocks 134 may include pins 135 to removably
secure the top panel 133 in place. This arrangement allows the top
panel 133 to be easily removed to install and replace the filter
material 136. However, it is to be understood that any suitable
method to secure the top panel 133 in the first stilling basin 120
may be used. For example, magnets, mechanical fasteners, welding,
or the like. In accordance with an embodiment of the present
invention, the top panel 133 is positioned a vertical distance from
the bottom panel 131 to allow various thicknesses of filter
material 136 to be placed in the filter media support 130. For
example, the distance between the top plate 133 and the bottom
plate 131 may typically range from 2 to 24 inches, or from 4 to 18
inches, or from 6 to 12 inches.
[0050] As shown in FIG. 3, the filter material 136 may be
positioned between the bottom panel 131 and the top panel 133. In
the embodiment shown, the filter material 136 is sized to
completely cover the surface area of the filter media support 130,
however, any other suitable size arrangement may be used. The
filter material 136 may have a thickness selected based on
characteristics of the sediment-containing water. For example, the
filter material 136 may have a thickness ranging from 0.5 to 15
inches, or from 1 to 12 inches or from 1.5 to 10 inches. The filter
material 136 may be made of any suitable materials, including
natural materials, e.g., fibers or filaments of wood, silk, jute,
hemp, cotton, linen, and the like, or synthetic materials, e.g.,
polyolefin, polyester, rayon, cellulose ester, polyvinyl,
polyamide, and the like, as well as combinations of all of the
above. In addition, the filter material 136 may comprise woven,
non-woven or monolithic layers. In accordance with an embodiment of
the present invention, the filter material 136 of the first
stilling basin 120 may be of the same or a different thickness
and/or material as the filter material 48 of the first filtration
chamber 30. For example, the filter material 136 may be a woven
jute material.
[0051] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the filter material 136 of the filter media support 130 of the
stilling basin 120 may be treated with a flocculating agent. The
flocculating agent may be any suitable non-ionic, anionic or
cationic flocculating agent. In a preferred embodiment, the filter
material 136 of the filter media support 130 of the stilling basin
120 is substantially free of flocculating agents. This arrangement
allows the filter material 136 to trap and hold both flocs and any
flocculating agents in the sediment-containing water.
[0052] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
baffle chamber 140 is formed by overflow weir wall 124, first and
second sidewalls 128 and 129, and baffle wall 141. Baffle wall 141
may be secured in the filtration container 12 by being welded to
the first and second sidewalls 128 and 129. In another embodiment,
baffle wall 141 may be connected to the first and second side walls
128 and 129 by any suitable attachment means, such as, mechanical
fasteners or adhesive, or may be integrally formed therewith. In
certain embodiments, the baffle wall 141 is placed at a distance
from the overflow weir wall 124 to assure continuation of the
upward flow mixing and filtration process of the multi-chamber
water filtration system 10. The baffle wall 141 comprises a top
edge 142 and a bottom edge 143. The top edge 142 may be positioned
at a height substantially equal to the height of the upper
peripheral edge 123 of the first stilling basin 120. This allows
the baffle wall 141to extend above the overflow edge 125 of the
overflow weir wall 124 and provides for the sediment-containing
water to flow into the baffle chamber 140. The bottom edge 143 of
the baffle wall 141 may be located at a distance from the bottom
surface 151 of the stilling basin 150. For example, the distance
between the bottom edge 143 and the bottom surface 151 may
typically range from 2 to 18 inches, or from 3 to 12 inches or from
4 to 10 inches. The distance between the bottom edge 143 of the
baffle wall 141 and the bottom surface 151 forms a baffle outlet at
the bottom of the fourth baffle chamber 140. The baffle outlet at
the bottom of the fourth baffle chamber 140 corresponds to a lower
inlet opening of the final stilling basin 150. In accordance with
an embodiment of the present invention, the baffle chamber 140 may
comprise supports 144 between the overflow weir wall 124 and the
baffle wall 141, as most clearly shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The
supports provide additional rigidity to the first stilling basin
120 and the fourth baffle chamber 140.
[0053] As shown in FIG. 3, the baffle chamber 140 comprises a
curtain filter 127. The curtain filter 127 may extend from the
overflow edge 125 of the overflow weir wall 124 into the baffle
chamber 140. As the sediment-containing water and flocs flow over
the overflow weir wall 124, the sediment-containing water and flocs
come into contact with the curtain filter 127 for additional
filtering.
[0054] As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the second stilling basin 150 may be
of the same or similar construction as the first stilling basin
120, as previously discussed. Similar element numbers are used to
describe the same features found in the first stilling basin 120.
As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the second stilling basin 150 may also be
considered the final stilling basin. In accordance with an
embodiment of the present invention, the second stilling basin 150
comprises bottom surface 151, baffle wall 141, first and second
sidewalls 158 and 159, and overflow weir wall 154. In the
embodiment shown, bottom surface 151 and first and second sidewalls
158 and 159 are formed by the walls of the filtration container 12.
In certain embodiments, the first and second sidewalls 158 and 159
form an upper peripheral edge 153.
[0055] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the overflow weir wall 154 comprises an overflow edge 155
establishes the level at which sediment-containing water overflows
the stilling basin 150. In accordance with an embodiment of the
present invention, the overflow edge 155 is formed as a lip that
extends toward the baffle wall 141 of the fourth baffle chamber
110, as most clearly shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. In accordance with an
embodiment of the present invention, the overflow edge 155 of the
overflow weir wall 154 is formed at a height lower than the upper
peripheral edge 153 of the second stilling basin 150. In addition,
the overflow edge 155 of the overflow weir wall 154 is formed at a
height lower than the top edge 142 of the baffle wall 141. This
arrangement provides that the sediment-containing water will exit
the second stilling basin 150 over the overflow weir wall 154. The
overflow edge 155 of the final stilling basin 150 forms an upper
outlet for the filtered water. As shown in FIGS. 1-3 and 5, the
overflow edge 155 of the overflow weir wall 154 may comprise studs
156 for securing a curtain filter 157 to the top of the overflow
weir wall 154.
[0056] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the second stilling basin 150 includes a filter media support 160.
The filter media support extends at least partially across a length
and width of the second stilling basin 150 below the upper
peripheral edge 153 of the second stilling basin, as shown most
clearly in FIGS. 1-3. The filter media support 160 comprises a
bottom panel 161and a top panel 163 that hold a filter material 166
within the filter media support 160. In certain embodiments, the
bottom panel 161 may be secured in stilling basin 150 by welding
162 the bottom panel 161 to the baffle wall 141, overflow weir wall
154, and/or first and second sidewalls 158 and 159. In accordance
with an embodiment of the present invention, the top panel 161 may
be placed on securing blocks 164 positioned on the baffle wall 141,
overflow weir wall 154, and/or first and second sidewalls 158 and
159. As shown in FIG. 3, the securing blocks 164 may include pins
165 to removably secure the top panel 163 in place. In accordance
with an embodiment of the present invention, the top panel 163 is
positioned a vertical distance from the bottom panel 161 to allow
various thicknesses of filter material 166 to be placed in the
filter media support 160.
[0057] The filter material 166 may have a thickness selected based
on characteristics of the sediment-containing water. For example,
the filter material 166 may have a thickness ranging from 0.5 to 15
inches, or from 1 to 12 inches or from 1.5 to 10 inches. The filter
material 166 may be made of the same or different material as the
filter material 136. In addition, the filter material 166 may be of
the same or of a different thickness than the filter material
136.
[0058] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the filter material 166 of the filter media support 160 of the
stilling basin 150 may be treated with a flocculating agent. The
flocculating agent may be any suitable non-ionic, anionic or
cationic flocculating agent. In a preferred embodiment, the filter
material 166 of the filter media support 160 of the second stilling
basin 150 is substantially free of flocculating agents. This
arrangement allows the filter material 166 to trap and hold both
flocs and any flocculating agents in the sediment-containing
water.
[0059] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
baffle chamber 170 is formed by overflow weir wall 154, first and
second sidewalls 158 and 159, and outlet wall 171. As shown in
FIGS. 1-3, baffle chamber 170 may also be considered the final
baffle chamber. Outlet wall 171 may be formed by the filtration
container 12. The outlet wall 171 comprises a top edge 122 and a
bottom edge 133. The top edge 172 may be positioned at a height
substantially equal to the height of the upper peripheral edge 153
of the second stilling basin 150. This allows the outlet wall 171to
extend above the overflow edge 155 of the overflow weir wall 154
and provides for the filtered water to flow into the baffle chamber
170 or the final baffle chamber. The bottom edge 173 of the outlet
wall 171 may be located at the bottom surface of the filtration
container 12. Alternatively, the bottom edge 173 may be located at
a distance higher than the bottom edge of the filtration container
12. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the
baffle chamber 170 may comprise supports 174 between the overflow
weir wall 154 and the outlet wall 171, as most clearly shown in
FIGS. 1 and 2. The supports provide additional rigidity to the
final stilling basin 150 and the final baffle chamber 170.
[0060] As shown in FIG. 3, the final baffle chamber 170 comprises a
curtain filter 157. The curtain filter 157 may extend from the
overflow edge 155 of the overflow weir wall 154 into the baffle
chamber 170. As the filtered water flows over the overflow weir
wall 154, the filtered water comes into contact with the curtain
filter 157 for a final filtering before being returned to the
environment.
[0061] As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the baffle chamber 170 or the
final baffle chamber has a final baffle chamber outlet 176 for
returning the filtered water back to the environment. In accordance
with an embodiment of the present invention, the final baffle
chamber outlet 176 may typically have a diameter ranging from 2 to
10 inches, or from 4 to 8 inches. The final baffle chamber 176 may
be in flow communication with a container outlet which may be
engaged by any suitable sized hose or pipe to return the filtered
water back to the environment.
[0062] As shown in FIG. 1, filtration chambers 30, 60 and 90 and
stilling basins 120 and 150 may each have a drain valve 180 located
in their respective sidewalls. The drain valve 180 may be a 3 inch
gate valve, however, any other suitable size and type of valve may
be used. For example, a ball valve, a butterfly valve, a globe
valve, a knife valve, and the like. In certain embodiments, the
diameter of the drain valve 180 may range from 1 to 10 inches, for
example, from 2 to 8 inches or from 3 to 6 inches. The drain valve
180 allows the filtration container 12 to be cleaned and allows for
draining for the filtration container before transportation of the
multi-chamber water filtration system 10. In accordance with an
embodiment of the present invention, a standard hose and pump may
be attached to the drain valve located in the final stilling basin
150. The sediment-containing water may be pumped from the final
stilling basin 150 into the inlet control valve of a second
multi-chamber filtration system (not shown). This process may be
repeated until the desired reduction in total suspended solids
concentration is obtained.
[0063] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the filtration chambers 30, 60 and 90 and stilling basins 120 and
150 may each have a removable plug (not shown) located in their
respective bottom surfaces. The removable plug may be a 4 inch
circular plug that may be removed to allow the filtration chambers
30, 60 and 90 and stilling basins 120 and 150 of the filtration
container 12 to be cleaned. In accordance with another embodiment
of the present invention, the filtration container 12 may have four
lifting eyes (not shown) structured and arranged to allow a crane
to hook to and lift the multi-chamber water filtration system 10.
The four lifting eye may be located in the four corners of the
filtration container 12. This arrangement allows the multi-chamber
water filtration system 10 to remain level when lifted by a
crane.
[0064] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the filtration container 12 has a consistent width W along its
overall length L.sub.O, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. This arrangement
results in the filtration chambers, baffle chambers and stilling
basins to also have substantially equal widths. Alternatively, the
widths of the filtration chambers, baffle chambers and stilling
basins may be varied. As shown in FIG. 3, the overall height
H.sub.O of the filtration container corresponds to the height of
the upper peripheral edge 33 of the first filtration chamber
30.
[0065] As shown in FIG. 3, the first filtration chamber 30 has a
length L.sub.FC1, the second filtration chamber 60 has a length
L.sub.FC2 and the third filtration chamber 90 has a length
L.sub.FC3. The dimensions of the filtration chambers may be varied
to assure continuation of the upward flow mixing and filtration
process of the multi-chamber water filtration system 10. For
example, the length L.sub.FC1 of the first filtration chamber 30
may be from 5 to 200 percent greater, for example, from 25 to 150
percent greater, or from 50 to 125 percent greater than the length
L.sub.FC2 of the second filtration chamber 60 and the length
L.sub.FC3 of the third filtration chamber 90. In certain
embodiments, the length L.sub.FC1 of the first filtration chamber
30 is greater than the length L.sub.FC2 of the second filtration
chamber 60. For example, the ratio of L.sub.FC1:L.sub.FC2 may be
from 0.5:1 to 5:1, for example, from 1:1 to 3:1. The greater the
length of the filtration chamber, the longer the
sediment-containing water spends in the filtration chamber.
Additional time in the filtration chambers 30, 60 and 90 results in
additional time for the flocculating agents to mix with the
sediment-containing water and form flocs that either fall to the
bottom of the filtration chambers as a result of gravity or are
filtered out by the filter media supports 40, 70 and 100 or the
curtain filters 37, 67 or 97.
[0066] As shown in FIG. 3, the first stilling basin 120 has a
length L.sub.SB1 and the second stilling basin 150 has a length
L.sub.SB2. The dimensions of the stilling basins may be varied to
assure continuation of the upward flow mixing and filtration
process of the multi-chamber water filtration system 10. For
example, the length L.sub.SB1 of the first stilling basin 120 may
be from 5 to 200 percent greater, for example, from 25 to 150
percent greater, or from 50 to 125 percent greater than the length
L.sub.FC2 of the second filtration chamber 60 and the length
L.sub.FC3 of the third filtration chamber 90. This arrangement
allows the velocity and turbulence of the sediment-containing water
to diminish upon flowing into the first and second stilling basins
120 and 150. The sediment-containing water having a reduced
velocity and turbulence allows flocs to settle on the bottom
surfaces of the stilling basins and/or in the filter media supports
130 and 160 of the stilling basins. In certain embodiments, the
length L.sub.SB1 of the first stilling basin 120 is equal to the
length L.sub.SB2 of the second stilling basin 150. The greater the
length of the stilling basins, the longer the sediment-containing
water spends in the stilling basins. Additional time in the
stilling basins results in additional time for the flocculating
agents to mix with the sediment-containing water and form flocs
that either fall to the bottom of the stilling basins or are
filtered out by the filter media supports 130 and 160 or the
curtain filters 127 or 157.
[0067] As shown in FIG. 3, the sediment-containing water introduced
into the filtration container 12 rises the following rise heights
in the filtration chambers and stilling basins. The
sediment-containing water has a rise height H.sub.R1 from the
container inlet 28 to the overflow edge 35 to overflow from the
first filtration chamber 30 into the first baffle chamber 50. The
sediment-containing water has a rise height H.sub.R2 from the lower
inlet opening of the second filtration chamber 60 to the overflow
edge 65 to overflow from the second filtration chamber 60 into the
second baffle chamber 80. The sediment-containing water has a rise
height H.sub.R3 from the lower inlet opening of the third
filtration chamber 90 to the overflow edge 95 to overflow from the
third filtration chamber 90 into the third baffle chamber 110. The
sediment-containing water has a rise height H.sub.R4 from the lower
inlet opening of the first stilling basin 120 to the overflow edge
125 to overflow from the first stilling basin 120 into the baffle
chamber 140. The sediment-containing water has a rise height
H.sub.R5 from the lower inlet opening of the final stilling basin
150 to the overflow edge 155 to overflow filtered water from the
second still basin 150 or the final stilling basin into the baffle
chamber 170 or the final baffle chamber. In accordance with an
embodiment of the invention, the sum of the rise heights H.sub.R1,
H.sub.R2, H.sub.R3, H.sub.R4 and H.sub.R5 is greater than the
overall length L.sub.O of the filtration container 12. The
elongated upflow path that the sediment-containing water travels
through the filtration container 12 is extended due to the rises in
the filtration chambers and stilling basins, and falls down the
baffle chambers. These rises and falls provide additional time for
flocculation of the colloids and particles of the
sediment-containing water.
[0068] In an embodiment of the present invention, the multi-chamber
water filtration system 10 is transported to a treatment site and
leveled. The sediment-containing water is drawn from a source of
water into the pretreatment container 20 of the multi-chamber water
filtration system 10 by a standard pump and encounters a
flocculating agent in the pretreatment chamber 20 so that the
sediment-containing water can begin to mix with the flocculating
agent. The flow rate of water into the pretreatment chamber 20 may
be controlled by the inlet control valve 22 to provide sufficient
detention time in the filtration container 12 to achieve the
desired flocculation and coagulation of the sediment-containing
water. As used herein, the term "detention time" refers the amount
of time it takes for water to travel from the inlet control valve
22 to the final baffle chamber 170. For example, water flow rates
of from zero to 1,000 gallons per minute (gpm) may be used, or from
50 to 750 gpm, or from 100 to 500 gpm. The flow rate of the water
may be held constant, or may be varied as desired. In certain
embodiments, the flow rate may be increased, reduced or stopped
periodically to decrease or increase the detention time of the
sediment-containing water inside the multi-chamber water filtration
system. For example, detention times of from 5 to 30 minutes may be
used, or from 7 to 20 minutes, or from 10 to 16 minutes.
[0069] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the filtered water has a total suspended solids concentration at
least 50 percent less than the total suspended solids concentration
of the sediment-containing water, e.g., at least 60 percent less,
or at least 75 percent less, or at least 90 percent less, or least
96 percent or more less.
[0070] The sediment-containing water is travels from the
pretreatment chamber into the filtration container 12 through the
inlet pipe. The inlet pipe begins the flocculation process as the
flocculating agent mixes and dissolves in sediment-containing
water. The sediment-containing water enters the first filtration
chamber near its bottom surface and gravity reduces the velocity of
the sediment-containing water. As the sediment-containing water
churns in and fills the first filtration chamber, the water and
flocculating agent continue to mix and stir together. As a result,
flocs begin to form and fall to the bottom surface of the
filtration chamber. The sediment-containing water continues to rise
and flows through the filter media support. The filter medium of
the filter media support is treated with additional flocculating
agent and flocculation can be further enhanced. The filter medium
also acts to capture some of the sediment, while the remaining
sediment flows to the top of the first filtration chamber. The
sediment-containing water continues to fill the filtration chamber
until it rises above and flows over the overflow edge of the
overflow weir wall, through the curtain filter and into the baffle
chamber. The sediment-containing water flows through the baffle
outlet and into the lower inlet opening of the second filtration
chamber. This process is then repeated for the second and third
filtration chambers. As the sediment-containing water continues to
be exposed to and mix with the flocculating agents, flocs continue
to form and fall to the bottom of the filtration chambers, or get
trapped in the filter media supports or curtain filters.
[0071] After the third filtration chamber, the sediment-containing
water enters a first stilling basin from the baffle outlet of the
third baffle chamber. The stilling basin is wider than the
preceding filtration chamber. This arrangement allows the velocity
and turbulence of the sediment-containing water to diminish. The
inactivity of the sediment-containing water in the stilling basin
allows for the flocculation of the colloids and particles. The
filter medium of the filter media support of the first stilling
basin is substantially free of additional flocculating agents. In
addition, the sediment-containing water is in contact with the
filter media supports of the stilling basins for a longer duration.
This longer contact allows for both flocs and the flocculating
agent to be trapped in the filter medium of the stilling basins.
The sediment-containing water continues to fill the stilling basin
until it rises above and flows over the overflow edge of the
overflow weir wall, through the curtain filter and into the baffle
chamber. This process is then repeated for the second and final
stilling basin.
[0072] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
the desired amount of sediment will have been removed from the
sediment-containing water once it flows through the second stilling
basin. Thus, the water that flow over the overflow edge of the
overflow weir wall of the second stilling basin and through the
final curtain filter may be considered the filtered water. The
filtered water flows from the second stilling basin into the final
baffle chamber. The filtered water is then returned to the
environment containing a lower level of sediment than the sediment
level of the sediment-containing water drawn into the pretreatment
chamber. Prior to the release of any filtered water, samples are
taken and on-site testing is done to assure that the filtered water
meets the applicable EPA water standards.
[0073] The filtration chamber 12 and pretreatment chamber 20 may be
made of any suitable materials such as plain steel, stainless
steel, galvanized steel, aluminum, plastics and the like. For
example, the filtration container 12 and the pretreatment chamber
20 may be made of one quarter inch steel plate.
[0074] The following example is intended to illustrate various
aspects of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the
scope of the invention.
EXAMPLE
[0075] A multi-chamber water filtration system as described herein
is transported to a treatment site and leveled. The system is
operated as follows: sediment-containing water containing a total
suspended solids concentration of about 4000 milligrams per liter
(mg/L) is pumped in a standard 3 inch fire hose from a source of
construction water with a standard pump operating at about 350
gallons per minute into the inlet control valve of the pretreatment
chamber. The sediment-containing water flows through the
pretreatment chamber and the anionic polyacrylamide co-polymer
flocculating agent of the flocculating brick dissolves into the
water. The sediment-containing water flows from the pretreatment
chamber into the inlet pipe to the container inlet.
[0076] The sediment-containing water flows from the container inlet
into the first filtration chamber and begins to rise in the first
filtration chamber. The sediment-containing water passes through
the filter medium of the filter media trap of the first filtration
chamber. The filter medium of the filter media trap of the first
filtration chamber consists of a 3 inch woven jute material that
was impregnated with a dry anionic polyacrylamide co-polymer
powder. The sediment-laden water continues to rise in the first
filtration chamber until it reaches the upper overflow edge of the
first baffle chamber and flows into the baffle chamber over and
through the curtain filter. The curtain filter of the first baffle
chamber consists of a 3 inch woven jute material that is
substantially free of any flocculating agent and hangs 2 feet into
the first baffle chamber.
[0077] The sediment-containing water flows from the baffle outlet
of the first baffle chamber into the second filtration chamber and
begins to rise in the second filtration chamber. The
sediment-containing water passes through the filter medium of the
filter media trap of the second filtration chamber. The filter
medium of the filter media trap of the second filtration chamber
consists of a 3 inch woven jute material that is substantially free
of any flocculating agent. The sediment-laden water continues to
rise in the second filtration chamber until it reaches the upper
overflow edge of the second baffle chamber and flows into the
baffle chamber over and through the curtain filter. The curtain
filter of the second baffle chamber consists of a 3 inch woven jute
material that is substantially free of any flocculating agent and
hangs 2 feet into the second baffle chamber.
[0078] The sediment-containing water flows from the baffle outlet
of the second baffle chamber into the third filtration chamber and
begins to rise in the third filtration chamber. The
sediment-containing water passes through the filter medium of the
filter media trap of the third filtration chamber. The filter
medium of the filter media trap of the third filtration chamber
consists of a 3 inch woven jute material that is substantially free
of any flocculating agent. The sediment-laden water continues to
rise in the third filtration chamber until it reaches the upper
overflow edge of the third baffle chamber and flows into the baffle
chamber over and through the curtain filter. The curtain filter of
the third baffle chamber consists of a 3 inch woven jute material
that is substantially free of any flocculating agent and hangs 2
feet into the third baffle chamber.
[0079] The sediment-containing water flows from the baffle outlet
of the third baffle chamber into the first stilling basin and
begins to rise in the first stilling basin. The first stilling
basin has a length greater than the lengths of the second and third
filtration chambers. The sediment-containing water passes through
the filter medium of the filter media trap of the first stilling
basin. The filter medium of the filter media trap of the first
stilling basin consists of a 3 inch woven jute material that is
substantially free of any flocculating agent. The sediment-laden
water continues to rise in the first stilling basin until it
reaches the upper overflow edge of the fourth baffle chamber and
flows into the baffle chamber over and through the curtain filter.
The curtain filter of the fourth baffle chamber consists of a 3
inch woven jute material that is substantially free of any
flocculating agent and hangs 2 feet into the fourth baffle
chamber.
[0080] The sediment-containing water flows from the baffle outlet
of the fourth baffle chamber into the second stilling basin and
begins to rise in the final stilling basin. The sediment-containing
water passes through the filter medium of the filter media trap of
the final stilling basin. The filter medium of the filter media
trap of the final stilling basin consists of a 3 inch woven jute
material that is substantially free of any flocculating agent. The
filtered water continues to rise in the final stilling basin until
it reaches the upper overflow edge of the final baffle chamber and
flows into the final baffle chamber over and through the curtain
filter. The curtain filter of the final baffle chamber consists of
a 3 inch woven jute material that is substantially free of any
flocculating agent and hangs 2 feet into the final baffle
chamber.
[0081] The filtered water then exits the system from the container
outlet in a 6 inch diameter hose containing a total suspended
solids concentration of less than 160 mg/L. Thus, about 96; % of
the total suspended solids were removed at a 12 minute detention
time.
[0082] Whereas particular embodiments of this invention have been
described above for purposes of illustration, it will be evident to
those skilled in the art that numerous variations of the details of
the present invention may be made without departing from the
invention as defined in the appended claims.
* * * * *