U.S. patent application number 15/327671 was filed with the patent office on 2017-08-10 for lipo-chitooligosaccharide compositions for enhancing plant growth.
This patent application is currently assigned to NOVOZYMES BIOAG A/S. The applicant listed for this patent is NOVOZYMES BIOAG A/S. Invention is credited to Michael Frodyma, Ahsan Habib, Shawn Semones, Kristi Woods.
Application Number | 20170223956 15/327671 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 53783358 |
Filed Date | 2017-08-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170223956 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Habib; Ahsan ; et
al. |
August 10, 2017 |
LIPO-CHITOOLIGOSACCHARIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR ENHANCING PLANT
GROWTH
Abstract
The application relates to compositions for enhancing plant
growth, comprising at least one lipo-chitooligosaccharide (LCO)
compound; and one beneficial microorganism selected from
Streptomyces, Trichoderma or Bacillus and optionally further
pesticide and to the methods for enhancing plant growth and
treating seeds with said compositions.
Inventors: |
Habib; Ahsan; (Roanoke,
VA) ; Woods; Kristi; (Blacksburg, VA) ;
Frodyma; Michael; (Roanoke, VA) ; Semones; Shawn;
(Salem, VA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
NOVOZYMES BIOAG A/S |
Bagsvaerd |
|
DK |
|
|
Assignee: |
NOVOZYMES BIOAG A/S
Bagsvaerd
DK
|
Family ID: |
53783358 |
Appl. No.: |
15/327671 |
Filed: |
July 20, 2015 |
PCT Filed: |
July 20, 2015 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US2015/041086 |
371 Date: |
January 20, 2017 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
62027950 |
Jul 23, 2014 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01N 43/16 20130101;
A01N 63/10 20200101; A01N 63/00 20130101; A01N 63/30 20200101; A01N
51/00 20130101; A01N 37/46 20130101; A01N 47/40 20130101; A01N
43/36 20130101; Y02A 50/30 20180101; Y02A 50/356 20180101; A01N
63/00 20130101; A01N 25/00 20130101; A01N 25/02 20130101; A01N
37/46 20130101; A01N 37/50 20130101; A01N 43/16 20130101; A01N
51/00 20130101; A01N 63/10 20200101; A01N 63/10 20200101; A01N
25/00 20130101; A01N 25/02 20130101; A01N 37/46 20130101; A01N
37/50 20130101; A01N 43/36 20130101; A01N 47/24 20130101; A01N
51/00 20130101; A01N 63/10 20200101; A01N 43/16 20130101; A01N
25/00 20130101; A01N 25/02 20130101; A01N 37/46 20130101; A01N
37/50 20130101; A01N 43/36 20130101; A01N 47/24 20130101; A01N
51/00 20130101; A01N 63/10 20200101; A01N 51/00 20130101; A01N
37/46 20130101; A01N 37/50 20130101; A01N 43/36 20130101; A01N
47/24 20130101; A01N 37/46 20130101; A01N 37/50 20130101; A01N
43/36 20130101; A01N 47/24 20130101; A01N 63/00 20130101; A01N
25/00 20130101; A01N 25/02 20130101; A01N 37/46 20130101; A01N
37/50 20130101; A01N 43/16 20130101; A01N 51/00 20130101; A01N
63/10 20200101; A01N 63/10 20200101; A01N 25/00 20130101; A01N
25/02 20130101; A01N 37/46 20130101; A01N 37/50 20130101; A01N
43/36 20130101; A01N 47/24 20130101; A01N 51/00 20130101; A01N
63/10 20200101; A01N 43/16 20130101; A01N 25/00 20130101; A01N
25/02 20130101; A01N 37/46 20130101; A01N 37/50 20130101; A01N
43/36 20130101; A01N 47/24 20130101; A01N 51/00 20130101; A01N
63/10 20200101 |
International
Class: |
A01N 43/16 20060101
A01N043/16; A01N 63/04 20060101 A01N063/04; A01N 43/36 20060101
A01N043/36; A01N 51/00 20060101 A01N051/00; A01N 47/40 20060101
A01N047/40; A01N 63/00 20060101 A01N063/00; A01N 37/46 20060101
A01N037/46 |
Claims
1. A method for synergistically enhancing the growth of a plant or
plant part, comprising contacting said plant or plant part with at
least one lipo-chitooligosaccharide (LCO) and at least one
agriculturally beneficial microorganism, said at least one
agriculturally beneficial microorganism comprising Bacillus sp.,
isolat AQ175, ATCC 55608; Bacillus sp., isolate AQ177, ATCC 55609;
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24; Baccillus amyloliquefaciens
isolate NRRL B-50349; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SB3778; Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens TJ1000; Bacillus pumilus isolate AQ717, NRRL
B-21662; Bacillus Punilus isolate NRRL B-30087; Bacillus subtilis
isolate AQ713, NRRL V-21661; Bacillus subtilis isolate AQ743, NRRL
B-21665; Bacillus thuringiensis isolate AQ52, NRRL B-21619;
Streptomyces sp. isolate NRRL No. B-30145, Striptomyces sp. isolate
M1064, Streptomyces WYE 53, Streptomyces galbus isolate NRRL 30232,
Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108, Streptomyces violaceusniger YCED 9,
Trichoderma asperelium SKT-1, Trichoderma atroviride LC52,
Trichoderma harzianum T-22, Trichoderma harzianum TJ-35,
Trichoderma harzianum T-39, Trichoderma harzianum ICC012,
Trichoderma virens GL-21, Trichoderma virens GI-3, Trichoderma
virens GI-21, Trichoderma viride TV1, and/or Trichoderma viride
ICC080.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one LCO comprises
one or more LCOs represented by the structure (I): ##STR00073## in
which G is selected from the group consisting of hexosamine,
acetyl-substituted hexosamine, sulfated-substituted hexosamine, and
ether-subsititued hexosamine; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.5,
R.sub.6 and R.sub.7, which are identical or different, are selected
from the group consisting of H, CH.sub.3CO--, C.sub.xH.sub.yCO--, a
carbamoyl, and a carbamic acid, wherein x is an integer between 0
and 17, and y is an integer between 1 and 35; R.sub.4 is selected
from the group consisting of a saturated, monounsaturated,
diunsaturated or triunsaturated aliphatic chain containing at least
12 carbon atoms; and n is equal to 1, 2, 3, or 4.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one LCO comprises
one or more LCOs represented by the structure (II): ##STR00074## in
which R is H or CH.sub.3CO--; and n is equal to 2 or 3.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one LCO comprises
one or more LCOs represented by the structure (III): ##STR00075##
in which R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of C14:0,
3OH-C14:0, iso-C15:0, C16:0, 3-OH-016:0, iso-C15:0, C16:1, C16:2,
C16:3, iso-C17:0, iso-C17:1, C18:0, 3OH-C18:0, 018:0/3-OH, C18:1,
OH-C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C18:4, C19:1 carbamoyl, C20:0, C20:1,
3-OH-C20:1, 020:1/3-OH, C20:2, C20:3, C22:1, and
C18-26(.omega.-1)-OH (including the C18, C20, C22, C24 and C26
hydroxylated species thereof, and C16:1.DELTA.9, C16:2 (.DELTA.2,9)
and C16:3 (.DELTA.2,4,9)); R.sub.2 hydrogen or methyl; R.sub.3 is
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acetyl or
carbamoyl; R.sub.4 hydrogen, acetyl or carbamoyl; R.sub.5
represents hydrogen, acetyl or carbamoyl; R.sub.6 is selected from
the group consisting of hydrogen, arabinosyl, fucosyl, acetyl,
sulfate ester, SO.sub.3H, 3-0-S-2-0-MeFuc, 2-0-MeFuc, and
4-0-AcFuc; R.sub.7 is selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, mannosyl or glycerol; R.sub.8 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, methyl, or --CH.sub.2OH; R.sub.9 is
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, arabinosyl, or
fucosyl; R.sub.10 is selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, acetyl or fucosyl; and n is equal to 0, 1, 2 or 3.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one LCO comprises
one or more LCOs represented by the structure (IV): ##STR00076## in
which R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of C16, C16:0,
C16:1, C16:2, C18:0, C18:1.DELTA.9Z or C18:1.DELTA.11Z; R.sub.2
represents hydrogen or SO.sub.3H; and n is equal to 1 or 2.
6. The composition of claim 1, wherein said at least one LCO
comprises: an LCO represented by the structure (V): ##STR00077## an
LCO represented by the structure (VI): ##STR00078## an LCO
represented by the structure (VII): ##STR00079## an LCO represented
by the structure (VIII): ##STR00080## an LCO represented by the
structure (IX): ##STR00081## an LCO represented by the structure
(X): ##STR00082## an LCO represented by the structure (XI):
##STR00083## an LCO represented by the structure (XII):
##STR00084## an LCO represented by the structure (XIII):
##STR00085## an LCO represented by the structure (XIV):
##STR00086## an LCO represented by the structure (XV): ##STR00087##
an LCO represented by the structure (XVI): ##STR00088## an LCO
represented by the structure (XVII): ##STR00089## an LCO
represented by the structure (XVIII): ##STR00090## an LCO
represented by the structure (XIX): ##STR00091## an LCO represented
by the structure (XX): ##STR00092## an LCO represented by the
structure (XXI): ##STR00093## an LCO represented by the structure
(XXII): ##STR00094## an LCO represented by the structure (XXIII):
##STR00095## an LCO represented by the structure (XXIV):
##STR00096## an LCO represented by the structure ( )W):
##STR00097## an LCO represented by the structure (XXVI):
##STR00098## an LCO represented by the structure (XXVII):
##STR00099## an LCO represented by the structure (XXVIII):
##STR00100## an LCO represented by the structure (XXIX):
##STR00101## an LCO represented by the structure (XXX):
##STR00102## an LCO represented by the structure (XXXI):
##STR00103## an LCO represented by the structure (XXXII):
##STR00104## and/or an LCO represented by the structure (XXXIII):
##STR00105##
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one agriculturally
beneficial microorganism comprises Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
FZB24.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one agriculturally
beneficial microorganism comprises Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
SB3778.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one agriculturally
beneficial microorganism comprises Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
TJ1000.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one agriculturally
beneficial microorganism comprises Streptomyces lydicus WYEC
108.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one agriculturally
beneficial microorganism comprises Trichoderma harzianum
ICC012.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one agriculturally
beneficial microorganism comprises Trichoderma virens GI-3.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one agriculturally
beneficial microorganism comprises Trichoderma virens GI-21.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one agriculturally
beneficial microorganism comprises Trichoderma viride ICC080.
15. The method of claim 1, further comprising contacting said plant
or plant part with at least one fungicide, herbicie, insecticide,
acaricide, and/or nematicide.
16. The method of claim 1, further comprising contacting said plant
or plant part with azoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobin, penflufen,
sedaxane, dimethomorph and/or ipconazole.
17. The method of any claim 1, further comprising contacting said
plant or plant part with lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin,
imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, pyriprole, chlorantraniliprole,
clothianidin, cyazypyr, abamectin, and/or pyrimidifen
18. (canceled)
Description
RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] The present invention claims priority to U.S. Provisional
Patent Application No. 62/027,950, filed Jul. 23, 2014, the entire
contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to compositions and methods
for enhancing plant growth.
BACKGROUND
[0003] The symbiosis between the gram-negative soil bacteria,
Rhizobiaceae and Bradyrhizobiaceae, and legumes such as soybean, is
well documented. The biochemical basis for these relationships
includes an exchange of molecular signaling, wherein the
plant-to-bacteria signal compounds include flavones, isoflavones
and flavanones, and the bacteria-to-plant signal compounds, which
include the end products of the expression of the bradyrhizobial
and rhizobial nod genes, known as lipo-chitooligosaccharides
(LCOs). The symbiosis between these bacteria and the legumes
enables the legume to fix atmospheric nitrogen for plant growth,
thus obviating a need for nitrogen fertilizers. Since nitrogen
fertilizers can significantly increase the cost of crops and are
associated with a number of polluting effects, the agricultural
industry continues its efforts to exploit this biological
relationship and develop new agents and methods for improving plant
yield without increasing the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers.
SUMMARY
[0004] Described herein are compositions comprising at least one
lipo-chitooligosaccharide (LCO) compound, and at least one
agriculturally beneficial agent selected from the group consisting
of at least one pesticide, at least one beneficial microorganism,
and combinations thereof.
[0005] Further described are methods for enhancing the growth of a
plant. In one aspect, a method for enhancing the growth of a plant
or plant part comprises contacting a plant or plant part with at
least one lipo-chitooligosaccharide compound (LCOs) and at least
one agriculturally beneficial agent selected from the group
consisting of at least one pesticide, at least one beneficial
microorganism, and combinations thereof.
[0006] In another aspect, a method for enhancing the growth of a
plant or plant part comprises treating a soil with at least one
lipo-chitooligosaccharide compound (LCOs) and at least one
agriculturally beneficial agent selected from the group consisting
of at least one pesticide, at least one beneficial microorganism,
and combinations thereof, and planting a plant or plant part in the
soil.
[0007] Finally, seed treatments and seeds treated with the
compositions described herein are provided.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0008] The present invention is explained in greater detail below.
This description is not intended to be a detailed catalog of all
the different ways in which the invention may be implemented or of
all the features that may be added to the instant invention. For
example, features illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be
incorporated into other embodiments, and features illustrated with
respect to a particular embodiment may be deleted from that
embodiment. In addition, numerous variations and additions to the
various embodiments suggested herein, which do not depart from the
instant invention, will be apparent to those skilled in the art in
light of the instant disclosure. Hence, the following specification
is intended to illustrate some particular embodiments of the
invention, and not to exhaustively specify all permutations,
combinations and variations thereof.
[0009] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing
particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of
the invention.
[0010] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and
scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly
understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this
invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such
as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be
interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their
meaning in the context of the specification and relevant art and
should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense
unless expressly so defined herein. For the sake of brevity and/or
clarity, well-known functions or constructions may not be described
in detail.
[0011] As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are
intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context
clearly indicates otherwise.
[0012] As used herein, the terms "acaricide" and "acaricidal" refer
to an agent or combination of agents the application of which is
toxic to an acarid (i.e., kills an acarid, inhibits the growth of
an acarid, and/or inhibits the reproduction of an acarid).
[0013] As used herein, the term "agriculturally beneficial agent"
refers to any agent (e.g., chemical or biological agent) or
combination of agents the application of which causes or provides a
beneficial and/or useful effect in agriculture (e.g., enhanced
plant growth), including, but not limited to, agriculturally
beneficial microorganisms, biostimulants, nutrients, pesticides
(e.g., acaricides, fungicides, gastropodicides, herbicides,
insecticides, nematicides, rodenticides, and virucides), and plant
signal molecules.
[0014] As used herein, the terms "agriculturally beneficial
microorganimsm," "agriculturally beneficial microbe," "beneficial
microorganism," and "beneficial microbe" refer to a microorganism
having at least one agriculturally beneficial property (e.g., the
ability to produce an agriculturally beneficial agent, such as a
one of the plant signal molecules described herein; to enhance
nutrient and/or water uptake; to promote and/or enhance nitrogen
fixation; to enhance growth; to enhance seed germination; to
enhance seedling emergence; to increase seed number or size; to
break the dormancy or quiescence of a plant; etc.).
[0015] As used herein, the term "and/or" is intended to include any
and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items,
as well as the lack of combinations when interpreted in the
alternative ("or").
[0016] As used herein, the term "biostimulant" refers to an agent
or combination of agents the application of which enhances one or
more metabolic and/or physiological processes of a plant or plant
part (e.g., respiration, photosynthesis, nucleic acid uptake, ion
uptake and/or nutrient delivery).
[0017] As used herein, the term "carrier" means an "agronomically
acceptable carrier." An "agronomically acceptable carrier" means
any material which can be used to deliver the actives (e.g., LCOs,
pesticides, beneficial microorganisms, etc.) to a plant, plant part
or plant growing locus (e.g., foliage, seed, soil). As used herein,
the term "soil-compatible carrier" means any material which can be
added to a soil without causing/having an adverse effect on plant
growth, soil structure, soil drainage, or the like. As used herein,
the term "seed-compatible carrier" means any material which can be
added to a seed without causing/having an adverse effect on the
seed, the plant that grows from the seed, seed germination, or the
like. As used herein, the term "foliar-compatible carrier" means
any material which can be added to a plant or plant part without
causing/having an adverse effect on the plant, plant part, plant
growth, plant health, or the like.
[0018] As used herein, the terms "comprise," "comprises,"
"comprising," "include," "includes" and "including" specify the
presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/or
components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or
more other features, steps, operations, elements, components,
and/or groups thereof.
[0019] As used herein, the term "consists essentially of" (and
grammatical variants thereof), as applied to the compositions and
methods of the present invention, means that the
compositions/methods may contain additional components so long as
the additional components do not materially alter the
composition/method. The term "materially alter," as applied to a
composition/method, refers to an increase or decrease in the
effectiveness of the composition/method of at least about 20% or
more. For example, a component added to a composition of the
present invention would "materially alter" the composition if it
increases or decreases the composition's ability to enhance plant
growth by at least about 50%.
[0020] As used herein, the term "control" or "controlling" as in
e.g., the phrase: the "control" of pests or pest populations, or
"controlling" pests or pest populations, or as in the phrase:
"controlling pests", means preventing, reducing, killing,
inhibiting the growth of, inhibiting the reproduction of, and/or
eliminating a pest or population of pests as defined herein.
Indeed, "control" or "controlling" as used herein refers to any
indicia of success in prevention, killing, inhibition, elimination,
reduction or amelioration of a pest or pest population.
[0021] As used herein, the terms "effective amount," "effective
concentration," and "effective dosage" (and grammatical variants
thereof) refer to an amount, concentration or dosage that is
sufficient to cause a desired effect (e.g., enhanced plant growth).
The absolute value of the amount/concentration/dosage that is
sufficient to cause the desired effect may be affected by factors
such as the size (e.g., area, total acreage, etc.) of land being
treated and the stability of the agriculturally beneficial agent(s)
being applied. Those skilled in the art will understand how to
select an effective amount/concentration/dosage using routine
dose-response experiments.
[0022] As used herein, the terms "enhanced growth" and "enhanced
plant growth" refer to an improvement in one or more
characteristics of plant growth and/or development as compared to
one or more control plants (e.g., a plant germinated from an
untreated seed or an untreated plant). Exemplary plant
growth/development characteristics include, but are not limited to,
biomass, height, leaf length, leaf mass, leaf number, leaf surface
area, leaf volume, nutrient uptake, root area, root diameter, root
length, root mass, root nodulation, root number, root surface area,
root volume, seed germination, seedling emergence, shoot diameter,
shoot length, shoot mass, shoot number, shoot surface area, shoot
volume, spread, and survival rate.
[0023] As used herein, the term "foliage" refers to those portions
of a plant that normally grow above the ground, including, but not
limited to, leaves, stalks, stems, flowers, fruiting bodies, and
fruits.
[0024] As used herein, the terms "foliar application," "foliarly
applied" and grammatical variations thereof, refer to the
application of one or more active ingredients to the foliage of a
plant (e.g., to the leaves of the plant). Application may be
effected by any suitable means, including, but not limited to,
spraying the plant with a composition comprising the active
ingredient(s). In some embodiments, the active ingredient(s) is/are
applied to the leaves, stems and/or stalk of the plant and not to
the flowers, fruiting bodies or fruits of the plant.
[0025] As used herein, the terms "fungicide" and "fungicidal" refer
to an agent or combination of agents the application of which is
toxic to a fungus (i.e., kills a fungus, inhibits the growth of a
fungus, and/or inhibits the reproduction of a fungus).
[0026] As used herein, the terms "herbicide" and "herbicidal" refer
to an agent or combination of agents the application of which is
toxic to a weed (i.e., kills a weed, inhibits the growth of a weed,
and/or inhibits the reproduction of a weed).
[0027] As used herein, the terms "inoculant composition" and
"inoculum" refer to compositions comprising microbial cells and/or
spores, said cells/spores being capable of propagating on or in a
substrate (e.g., a soil) when conditions (e.g., temperature,
moisture, nutrient availability, pH, etc.) are favorable for
microbial growth.
[0028] As used herein, the terms "insecticide" and "insecticidal"
refer to an agent or combination of agents the application of which
is toxic to an insect (i.e., kills an insect, inhibits the growth
of an insect, and/or inhibits the reproduction of an insect).
[0029] As used herein, the term "isomer" includes all stereoisomers
of the compounds and/or molecules to which it refers, including
enantiomers and diastereomers, as well as all conformers, roatmers
and tautomers, unless otherwise indicated. Compounds and/or
molecules disclosed herein include all enantiomers in either
substantially pure levorotatory or dextrorotatory form, or in a
racemic mixture, or in any ratio of enantiomers. Where embodiments
disclose a (D)-enantiomer, that embodiment also includes the
(L)-enantiomer; where embodiments disclose a (L)-enantiomer, that
embodiment also includes the (D)-enantiomer. Where embodiments
disclose a (+)-enantiomer, that embodiment also includes the
(-)-enantiomer; where embodiments disclose a (-)-enantiomer, that
embodiment also includes the (+)-enantiomer. Where embodiments
disclose a (S)-enantiomer, that embodiment also includes the
(R)-enantiomer; where embodiments disclose a (R)-enantiomer, that
embodiment also includes the (S)-enantiomer. Embodiments are
intended to include any diastereomers of the compounds and/or
molecules referred to herein in diastereomerically pure form and in
the form of mixtures in all ratios. Unless stereochemistry is
explicitly indicated in a chemical structure or chemical name, the
chemical structure or chemical name is intended to embrace all
possible stereoisomers, conformers, rotamers, and tautomers of
compounds and/or molecules depicted.
[0030] As used herein, the terms "nematicide" and "nematicidal"
refer to an agent or combination of agents the application of which
is toxic to a nematode (i.e., kills a nematode, inhibits the growth
of a nematode, and/or inhibits the reproduction of a nematode).
[0031] As used herein, the term "nitrogen fixing organism" refers
to an organism capable of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N.sub.2)
into a form that may be utilized by a plant or plant part (e.g.,
ammonia (NH.sub.3), ammonium (NH.sub.4+), etc.).
[0032] As used herein, the term "nutrient" refers to a compound or
element useful for nourishing a plant (e.g., vitamins,
macrominerals, micronutrients, trace minerals, organic acids, etc.
that are necessary for plant growth and/or development).
[0033] As used herein, the term "pest" includes any organism or
virus that negatively affects a plant, including, but not limited
to, organisms and viruses that spread disease, damage host plants
and/or compete for soil nutrients. The term "pest" encompasses
organisms and viruses that are known to associate with plants and
to cause a detrimental effect on the plant's health and/or vigor.
Plant pests include, but are not limited to, arachnids (e.g.,
mites, ticks, spiders, etc.), bacteria, fungi, gastropods (e.g.,
slugs, snails, etc.), invasive plants (e.g., weeds), insects (e.g.,
white flies, thrips, weevils, etc.), nematodes (e.g., root-knot
nematode, soybean cyst nematode, etc.), rodents, and viruses (e.g.,
tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV),
cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), etc.).
[0034] As used herein, the terms "pesticide" and "pesticidal" refer
to agents or combinations of agents the application of which is
toxic to a pest (i.e., kills a pest, inhibits the growth of a pest,
and/or inhibits the reproduction of a pest). Non-limiting examples
of pesticides include fungicides, herbicides, insecticides,
acaricides, nematicides, rodenticides, virucides, gastropodicides,
etc.
[0035] As used herein, the term "phosphate solubilizing
microorganism" refers to a microorganism capable of converting
insoluble phosphate into a soluble form of phosphate.
[0036] As used herein, the term "plant" can refer to a whole plant,
any part thereof, or a cell or tissue culture derived from a plant.
Thus, the term "plant" may refer to any of whole plants, plant
components or organs (e.g., leaves, stems, roots, etc.), plant
tissues, plant cells and seeds. The term "plant" includes all
naturally occurring and non-naturally occurring plant populations,
including, agricultural, horticultural and silviculture plants.
Thus, the term "plant" encompasses plants obtained by conventional
plant breeding and optimization methods (e.g., marked-assisted
selection) and plants obtained by genetic engineering, including
cultivars protectable and not protectable by plant breeders'
rights.
[0037] As used herein, the term "plant cell" refers to a cell of an
intact plant, a cell taken from a plant, or a cell derived from a
cell taken from a plant. Thus, the term "plant cell" includes cells
within seeds, suspension cultures, embryos, meristematic regions,
callus tissue, leaves, shoots, gametophytes, sporophytes, pollen
and microspores.
[0038] As used herein, the term "plant part" can refers to any part
of a plant, including single plant cells and plant tissues from
which plants can be derived. Examples of plant parts, include, but
are not limited to, anthers, embryos, flowers, fruits, fruiting
bodies, leaves, ovules, pollen, rhizomes, roots, seeds, shoots,
stems, and tubers, as well as scions, rootstocks, protoplasts,
calli and the like.
[0039] As used herein, the term "plant propagation material" refers
to a plant part from which a whole plant can be generated. Examples
of plant propagation materials include, but are not limited to,
cuttings (e.g., leaves, stems), rhizomes, seeds, tubers, and
cells/tissues that can be cultured into a whole plant.
[0040] As used herein, the terms "signal molecule" and "plant
signal molecule" refer to an agent that, when applied to a plant or
plant part, results in enhanced growth and/or development as
compared to untreated plants or plant parts (e.g., seeds and plants
harvested from untreated seeds). Non-limiting examples of signal
molecules include lipo-chitooligosaccharides,
chitooligosaccharides, chitinous compounds, flavonoids, jasmonic
acid or derivatives thereof, linoleic acid or derivatives thereof,
linolenic acid or derivatives thereof, karrikins, etc.
[0041] As used herein, the terms "spore" and "microbial spore"
refer to a microorganism in its dormant, protected state.
[0042] As used herein, the term "stable inoculant composition"
refers to an inoculant composition's ability to improve the
survival rate and/or one or more microbial stability
characteristics of a microorganism contained therein. In general,
an inoculant composition is labeled as "stable" if it improves the
survival rate and/or at least one microbial stability
characteristic of at least one microorganism contained therein.
[0043] While certain aspects of the present invention will
hereinafter be described with reference to embodiments thereof, it
will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that
various changes in form and details may be made therein without
departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
[0044] All publications, patent applications, patents, and other
references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their
entirety, except insofar as they contradict any statement expressly
set forth herein.
Compositions
[0045] The compositions disclosed comprise at least one
lipo-chitooligosaccharide compound (LCOs) as described herein and
at least one agriculturally beneficial agent selected from the
group consisting of pesticides, agriculturally beneficial
microorganisms, and combinations thereof.
[0046] In a particular embodiment, the compositions disclosed
comprise an effective amount of at least one
lipo-chitooligosaccharide compound (LCOs) as described herein, and
an effective amount of at least one agriculturally beneficial agent
selected from the group consisting of at least one pesticide, at
least one beneficial microorganism, and combinations thereof to
enhance plant growth (e.g., increased plant yield, such as
increased biomass, increased fruit number increased bolls,
increased seed number or size, or a combination thereof as measured
by bushels per acre, increased root number, increased root mass,
increased root volume, increased leaf area, increased plant stand,
increased plant vigor, faster seedling emergence (e.g., enhanced
emergence), faster germination, (e.g., enhanced germination), or
combinations thereof) when compared to an untreated plant or plant
part.
[0047] In certain embodiments, the composition may be in the form
of a liquid, a gel, a slurry, a solid, or a powder (wettable powder
or dry powder). In a particular embodiment, the composition is a
liquid composition.
[0048] Lipo-Chitooligosaccharides:
[0049] Lipo-chitooligosaccharide compounds (LCOs), also known as
symbiotic Nod signals or Nod factors, consist of an oligosaccharide
backbone of .beta.-l,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine ("GlcNAc")
residues with an N-linked fatty acyl chain condensed at the
non-reducing end. LCO's differ in the number of GlcNAc residues in
the backbone, in the length and degree of saturation of the fatty
acyl chain, and in the substitutions of reducing and non-reducing
sugar residues. See, e.g., Denarie, et al., Ann. Rev. Biochem.
65:503-35 (1996), Hamel, et al., Planta 232:787-806 (2010); Prome,
et al., Pure & Appl. Chem. 70(1):55-60 (1998). An example of an
LCO is presented below as formula I:
##STR00001##
in which:
[0050] G is a hexosamine which can be substituted, for example, by
an acetyl group on the nitrogen, a sulfate group, an acetyl group
and/or an ether group on an oxygen,
[0051] R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7,
which may be identical or different, represent H, CH.sub.3 CO--,
C.sub.x H.sub.y CO-- where x is an integer between 0 and 17, and y
is an integer between 1 and 35, or any other acyl group such as for
example a carbamoyl,
[0052] R.sub.4 represents a saturated or mono-, di- or
triunsaturated aliphatic chain containing at least 12 carbon atoms,
and n is an integer between 1 and 4.
[0053] LCOs may be obtained (isolated and/or purified) from
bacteria such as Rhizobia, e.g., Rhizobium sp., Bradyrhizobium sp.,
Sinorhizobium sp. and Azorhizobium sp. LCO structures are
characteristic for each such bacterial species, and each strain may
produce multiple LCO's with different structures. For example,
specific LCOs from S. meliloti have also been described in U.S.
Pat. No. 5,549,718 as having the formula II:
##STR00002##
in which R represents H or CH.sub.3 CO-- and n is equal to 2 or
3.
[0054] Even more specific LCOs include NodRM, NodRM-1, NodRM-3.
When acetylated (the R.dbd.CH.sub.3 CO--), they become AcNodRM-1,
and AcNodRM-3, respectively (U.S. Pat. No. 5,545,718).
[0055] LCOs from Bradyrhizobium japonicum are described in U.S.
Pat. Nos. 5,175,149 and 5,321,011. Broadly, they are
pentasaccharide phytohormones comprising methylfucose. A number of
these B. japonicum-derived LCOs are described: BjNod-V
(C.sub.18:1); BjNod-V (A.sub.C, C.sub.18:1), BjNod-V (C.sub.18:1);
and BjNod-V (A.sub.C, C.sub.16:0), with "V" indicating the presence
of five N-acetylglucosamines; "A.sub.C" an acetylation; the number
following the "0" indicating the number of carbons in the fatty
acid side chain; and the number following the ":" the number of
double bonds.
[0056] LCO's used in embodiments of the invention may be obtained
(i.e., isolated and/or purified) from bacterial strains that
produce LCO's, such as strains of Azorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium
(including B. japonicum), Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium (including R.
leguminosarum), Sinorhizobium (including S. meliloti), and
bacterial strains genetically engineered to produce LCO's. In some
embodiments, there is a combination of two or more LCO's obtained
from these rhizobial and bradyrhizobial microorganisms.
[0057] LCO's are the primary determinants of host specificity in
legume symbiosis (Diaz, et al., Mol. Plant-Microbe Interactions
13:268-276 (2000)). Thus, within the legume family, specific genera
and species of rhizobia develop a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing
relationship with a specific legume host. These plant-host/bacteria
combinations are described in Hungria, et al., Soil Biol. Biochem.
29:819-830 (1997), Examples of these bacteria/legume symbiotic
partnerships include S. melilotilalfalfa and sweet clover; R.
leguminosarum biovar viciaelpeas and lentils; R. leguminosarum
biovar phaseolilbeans; Bradyrhizobium japonicum/soybeans; and R.
leguminosarum biovar trifoliilred clover. Hungria also lists the
effective flavonoid Nod gene inducers of the rhizobial species, and
the specific LCO structures that are produced by the different
rhizobial species. However, LCO specificity is only required to
establish nodulation in legumes. Use of a given LCO is not limited
to treatment of seed of its symbiotic legume partner, in order to
achieve increased plant yield measured in terms of bushels/acre,
increased root number, increased root length, increased root mass,
increased root volume and increased leaf area, compared to plants
harvested from untreated seed.
[0058] Thus, by way of further examples, LCO's and derivatives
thereof that may be useful in some embodiments are represented by
the following formula:
##STR00003##
in which R.sub.1 represents C14:0, 30H-C14:0, iso-C15:0, C16:0,
3-OH--C16:0, iso-C15:0, C16:1, C16:2, C16:3, iso-C17:0, iso-C17:1,
C18:0, 3OH--C18:0, 018:0/3-OH, C18:1, OH--C18:1, C18:2, C18:3,
C18:4, C19:1 carbamoyl, C20:0, C20:1, 3-OH--C20:1, 020:1/3-OH,
C20:2, C20:3, C22:1, and C18-26(.omega.-1)-OH (which according to
D'Haeze, et al., Glycobiology 12:79R-105R (2002), includes C18,
C20, C22, C24 and C26 hydroxylated species and 016:1.DELTA.9, C16:2
(.DELTA.2,9) and C16:3 (.DELTA.2,4,9)); R.sub.2 represents hydrogen
or methyl; R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, acetyl or carbamoyl;
R.sub.4 represents hydrogen, acetyl or carbamoyl; R.sub.5
represents hydrogen, acetyl or carbamoyl; R.sub.6 represents
hydrogen, arabinosyl, fucosyl, acetyl, SO.sub.3H, sulfate ester,
3-0-S-2-0-MeFuc, 2-0-MeFuc, and 4-0-AcFuc; R.sub.7 represents
hydrogen, mannosyl or glycerol; R.sub.8 represents hydrogen,
methyl, or --CH.sub.2OH; R.sub.9 represents hydrogen, arabinosyl,
or fucosyl; R.sub.10 represents hydrogen, acetyl or fucosyl; and n
represents 0, 1, 2 or 3. The structures of the naturally occurring
Rhizobial LCO's embraced by this structure are described in
D'Haeze, et al., supra.
[0059] Also encompassed in some embodiments is use of LCO's
obtained (i.e., isolated and/or purified) from a mycorrhizal fungi,
such as fungi of the group Glomerocycota, e.g., Glomus
intraradicus. The structures of representative LCOs obtained from
these fungi are described in WO 2010/049751 and WO 2010/049751 (the
LCOs described therein also referred to as "Myc factors").
Representative mycorrhizal fungi-derived LCO's and non-naturally
occurring derivatives thereof are represented by the following
formula:
##STR00004##
in which n=1 or 2; R.sub.1 represents C16, C16:0, C16:1, C16:2,
C18:0, C18:1.DELTA.9Z or C18:1.DELTA.11Z; and R.sub.2 represents
hydrogen or SO.sub.3H. In some embodiments, the LCO's are produced
by the mycorrhizal fungi. In some embodiments, these LCO's are used
in the methods described herein.
[0060] Further encompassed in some embodiments described herein is
use of synthetic LCO compounds, such as those described in WO
2005/063784 and WO 2008/071674, chemically synthesized LCO
compounds, such as those described in WO 2007/117500, and
recombinant LCO's produced through genetic engineering. The basic,
naturally occurring LCO structure may contain modifications or
substitutions found in naturally occurring LCO's, such as those
described in Spaink, Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 54:257-288 (2000) and
D'Haeze, supra. Precursor oligosaccharide molecules (COs, which as
described below, are also useful as plant signal molecules) for the
construction of LCOs may also be synthesized by genetically
engineered organisms, e.g., as described in Samain, et al.,
Carbohydrate Res. 302:35-42 (1997); Cottaz, et al., Meth. Eng.
7(4):311-7 (2005) and Samain, et al., J. Biotechnol. 72:33-47
(1999)(e.g., FIG. 1 therein which shows structures of CO's that can
be made recombinantly in E. coli harboring different combinations
of genes nodBCHL).
[0061] LCO's may be utilized in various forms of purity and may be
used alone or in the form of a culture of LCO-producing bacteria or
fungi. For example, OPTIMIZE.RTM. (commercially available from
Novozymes BioAg Inc.) contains a culture of B. japonicum that
produces an LCO (LCO-V(C18:1, MeFuc), MOR116). Methods to provide
substantially pure LCO's include removing the microbial cells from
a mixture of LCOs and the microbe, or continuing to isolate and
purify the LCO molecules through LCO solvent phase separation
followed by HPLC chromatography as described, for example, in U.S.
Pat. No. 5,549,718. Purification can be enhanced by repeated HPLC,
and the purified LCO molecules can be freeze-dried for long-term
storage. Chitooligosaccharides (COs), may be used as starting
materials for the production of synthetic LCOs. For the purposes of
some embodiments, recombinant LCO's suitable for use are least 60%
pure, e.g., at least 60% pure, at least 65% pure, at least 70%
pure, at least 75% pure, at least 80% pure, at least 85% pure, at
least 90% pure, at least 91% pure, at least 92% pure, at least 93%
pure, at least 94% pure, at least 95% pure, at least 96% pure, at
least 97% pure, at least 98% pure, at least 99% pure, up to 100%
pure.
[0062] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises an LCO having the following structure:
##STR00005##
[0063] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises an LCO having the following structure:
##STR00006##
[0064] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises an LCO having the following structure:
##STR00007##
[0065] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises an LCO having the following structure:
##STR00008##
[0066] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises an LCO having the following structure:
##STR00009##
[0067] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises an LCO having the following structure:
##STR00010##
[0068] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises an LCO having the following structure:
##STR00011##
[0069] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises an LCO having the following structure:
##STR00012##
[0070] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises a synthetic LCO having the following structure:
##STR00013##
[0071] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises a synthetic LCO having the following structure:
##STR00014##
[0072] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises a synthetic LCO having the following structure:
##STR00015##
[0073] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises a synthetic LCO having the following structure:
##STR00016##
[0074] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises a synthetic LCO having the following structure:
##STR00017##
[0075] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises a synthetic LCO having the following structure:
##STR00018##
[0076] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises a synthetic LCO having the following structure:
##STR00019##
[0077] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises a synthetic LCO having the following structure:
##STR00020##
[0078] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises a synthetic LCO having the following structure:
##STR00021##
[0079] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises a synthetic LCO having the following structure:
##STR00022##
[0080] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises a synthetic LCO having the following structure:
##STR00023##
[0081] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises a synthetic LCO having the following structure:
##STR00024##
[0082] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises a synthetic LCO having the following structure:
##STR00025##
[0083] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises a synthetic LCO having the following structure:
##STR00026##
[0084] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises a synthetic LCO having the following structure:
##STR00027##
[0085] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises a synthetic LCO having the following structure:
##STR00028##
[0086] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises a synthetic LCO having the following structure:
##STR00029##
[0087] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises a synthetic LCO having the following structure:
##STR00030##
[0088] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises a synthetic LCO having the following structure:
##STR00031##
[0089] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises a synthetic LCO having the following structure:
##STR00032##
[0090] In an embodiment, the at least one LCO for use herein
comprises a synthetic LCO having the following structure:
##STR00033##
[0091] In one embodiment, the at least one LCO used in the
compositions described herein may comprises at least two of the
above LCOs (i.e., at least two of I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII,
IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII), at least three of the above LCOs, at least four of the
above LCOs, at least five of the above LCOs, at least six of the
above LCOs, at least seven of the above LCOs, at least eight of the
above LCOs, at least nine of the above LCOs, at least ten of the
above LCOs, at least eleven of the above LCOs, at least twelve of
the above LCOs, at least thirteen of the above LCOs, at least
fourteen of the above LCOs, at least fifteen of the above LCOs, at
least sixteen of the above LCOs, at least seventeen of the above
LCOs at least eighteen of the above LCOs, at least nineteen of the
above LCOs, at least twenty of the above LCOs, at least twenty-one
of the above LCOs, at least twenty-two of the above LCOs, at least
twenty-three of the above LCOs, at least twenty-four of the above
LCOs, at least twenty-five of the above LCOs, at least twenty-six
of the above LCOs, at least twenty-seven of the above LCOs, at
least twenty-eight of the above LCOs, at least twenty-nine of the
above LCOs, at least thirty of the above LCOs, at least thirty-one
of the above LCOs, at least thirty-two of the above LCOs, and up to
and including, all thirty-three of the above LCOs.
[0092] In another embodiment, the at least one LCO used in the
compositions described herein (i.e., at least one of I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII), are combined with at least one
pesticide, at least one beneficial microorganism, and combiations
thereof.
[0093] In some embodiments, the compositions described herein
comprise about 1.times.10 .sup.-20 M to about 1.times.10.sup.-1 M
LCO. For example, the compositions described herein may comprise
about 1.times.10.sup.-20 M, 1.times.10.sup.-19
M,1.times.10.sup.-18M, 1.times.10.sup.-17M, 1.times.10.sup.-16M,
1.times.10.sup.-15M, 1.times.10.sup.-14 M, 1.times.10.sup.-13 M,
1.times.10.sup.-12 M, 1.times.10.sup.-11 M, 1.times.10.sup.-10
M,1.times.10.sup.-9 M,1.times.10.sup.-8 M,1.times.10.sup.-7 M,
1.times.10.sup.-6 M, 1.times.10.sup.-5 M, 1.times.10.sup.-4 M,
1.times.10.sup.-3 M, 1.times.10.sup.-2 M, 1.times.10.sup.-1 M of
one or more LCOs. In some preferred embodiments, the LCO
concentration is 1.times.10.sup.-14 M to 1.times.10.sup.-5 M,
1.times.10.sup.-12 M to 1.times.10.sup.-6 M, or 1.times.10.sup.-10
M to 1.times.10.sup.-7 M. In some preferred embodiments, the LCO
concentration is 1.times.10.sup.-14 M to 1.times.10.sup.-5 M,
1.times.10.sup.-12 M to 1.times.10.sup.-6 M, or 1.times.10.sup.-10
M to 1.times.10.sup.-7 M.
[0094] Pesticides:
[0095] Pesticides useful to compositions described herein may be
chemical pesticides, biological pesticides, or combinations
thereof. Non-limiting examples of pesticides that may be useful to
compositions described herein include fungicides, herbicides,
insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, rodenticides, virucides, and
combinations thereof. In particular embodiments, the compositions
described herein comprise fungicides, herbicides, insecticides,
acaricides, nematicides, and combinations thereof.
[0096] Fungicides:
[0097] In one embodiment, the compositions described herein may
comprise at least one fungicide ("f"). Fungicides useful to the
compositions described herein may be biological fungicides ("bf"),
chemical fungicides ("cf"), or combinations thereof. Fungicides may
be selected so as to be provide effective control against a broad
spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, including soil-borne fungi,
which derive especially from the classes of the
Plasmodiophoromycetes, Peronosporomycetes (syn. Oomycetes),
Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and
Deuteromycetes (syn. Fungi imperfecti). More common fungal
pathogens that may be effectively targeted include Pytophthora,
Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, Pythium, Phomopsis or Selerotinia and
Phakopsora and combinations thereof.
[0098] Biological Fungicides ("bf"):
[0099] In embodiments, the biological fungicide ("bf") can be at
least one bacterium of the genus Actinomycetes, Agrobacterium,
Arthrobacter, Alcaligenes, Aureobacterium, Azobacter, Bacillus,
Beijerinckia, Brevibacillus, Burkholderia, Chromobacterium,
Clostridium, Clavibacter, Comomonas, Corynebacterium,
Curtobacterium, Enterobacter, Flavobacterium, Gluconobacter,
Hydrogenophage, Klebsiella, Methylobacterium, Paenibacillus,
Pasteuria, Phingobacterium, Photorhabdus, Phyllobacterium,
Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Serratia, Stenotrophomonas, Streptomyces,
Variovorax, and Xenorhadbus. In particular embodiments the bacteria
is selected from the group consisting of Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus firmus, Bacillus,
lichenformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus
subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Pasteuria penetrans, Pasteuria
usage, Pseudomona fluorescens, and combinations thereof.
[0100] In embodiments the biological fungicide ("bf") can be a
fungus of the genus Alternaria, Ampelomyces, Aspergillus,
Aureobasidium, Beauveria, Candida, Colletotrichum, Coniothyrium,
Cryphonectria, Fusarium, Gliocladium, Metarhizium, Metschnikowia,
Microdochium, Muscodor, Paecilonyces, Phlebiopsis, Pseudozyma,
Pythium, Trichoderma, Typhula, Ulocladium, and Verticilium. In
particular embodiments the fungus is Beauveria bassiana,
Coniothyrium minitans, Gliocladium virens, Metarhizium anisopliae
(also may be referred to in the art as Metarrhizium anisopliae,
Metarhizium brunneum, or "green muscadine"), Muscodor albus,
Paecilomyces lilacinus, Trichoderma polysporum, and combinations
thereof.
[0101] Non-limiting examples of biological fungicides ("bf") that
may be suitable for use in the compositions disclosed herein
include Ampelomyces quisqualis (bf.1) (e.g., AQ 10.RTM. (bf.1a)
from Intrachem Bio GmbH & Co. KG, Germany), Aspergillus flavus
(bf.2) (e.g., AFLAGUARD.RTM. (bf.2a) from Syngenta, CH),
Aureobasidium pullulans (bf.3) (e.g., BOTECTOR.RTM. (bf.3a) from
bio-ferm GmbH, Germany), Bacillus pumilus (bf.4), Bacillus pumilus
isolate AQ717, NRRL B-21662 (bf.4a) (from Fa. AgraQuest Inc., USA),
Bacillus pumilus isolate NRRL B-30087 (bf.4b) (from Fa. AgraQuest
Inc., USA), Bacillus sp., isolate AQ175, ATCC 55608 (bf.5) (from
Fa. AgraQuest Inc., USA), Bacillus sp., isolate AQ177, ATCC 55609
(bf.6) (from Fa. AgraQuest Inc., USA), Bacillus subtilis (bf.7),
Bacillus subtilis isolate AQ713, NRRL B-21661 (bf.7a) (in
RHAPSODY.RTM., SERENADE.RTM. MAX and SERENADE.RTM. ASO) (from Fa.
AgraQuest Inc., USA), Bacillus subtilis isolate AQ743, NRRL B-21665
(bf.7b) (from Fa. AgraQuest Inc., USA), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
(bf.8) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24 (bf.8a) (e.g., TAEGRO.RTM.
(bf.8b) from Novozymes Biologicals, Inc., USA), Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens isolate NRRL B-50349 (bf.8c), Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens TJ1000 (bf.8d) (i.e., also known as 1BE, isolate
ATCC BAA-390), Bacillus thuringiensis (bf.9), Bacillus
thuringiensis isolate AQ52, NRRL B-21619 (bf.9a) (from Fa.
AgraQuest Inc., USA), Candida oleophila (bf.10), Candida oleophila
1-82 (bf.10a) (e.g., ASPIRE.RTM. (bf.10b) from Ecogen Inc., USA),
Candida saitoana (bf.11) (e.g., BIOCURE.RTM. (bf.11a) (in mixture
with lysozyme) and BIOCOAT.RTM. (bf.11b) from Micro Flo Company,
USA (BASF SE) and Arysta), Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata, also
named Gliocladium catenulatum (bf.12) (e.g., isolate J1446:
PRESTOP.RTM. (bf.12a) from Verdera, Finland), Coniothyrium minitans
(bf.13) (e.g., CONTANS.RTM. (bf.13a) from Prophyta, Germany),
Cryphonectria parasitica (bf.14) (e.g., Endothia parasitica
(bf.14a) from CNICM, France), Cryptococcus albidus (bf.15) (e.g.,
YIELD PLUS.RTM. (bf.15a) from Anchor Bio-Technologies, South
Africa), Fusarium oxysporum (bf.16) (e.g., BIOFOX.RTM. (bf.16a)
from S.I.A.P.A., Italy, FUSACLEAN.RTM. from Natural Plant
Protection, France), Metschnikowia fructicola (bf.17) (e.g.,
SHEMER.RTM. (bf.17a) from Agrogreen, Israel), Microdochium dimerum
(bf.18) (e.g., ANTIBOT.RTM. (bf.18a) from Agrauxine, France),
Muscodor albus (bf.19), Muscodor albus isolate NRRL 30547 (bf.19a)
(from Fa. AgraQuest Inc., USA), Muscodor roseus (bf.20), Muscodor
roseus isolate NRRL 30548 (bf.20a) (from Fa. AgraQuest Inc., USA),
Phlebiopsis gigantea (bf.21) (e.g., ROTSOP.RTM. (bf.21a) from
Verdera, Finland), Pseudozyma flocculosa (bf.22) (e.g.,
SPORODEX.RTM. (bf.22a) from Plant Products Co. Ltd., Canada),
Pythium oligandrum (bf.23), Pythium oligandrum DV74 (bf.23a) (e.g.,
POLYVERSUM.RTM. (bf.23b) from Remeslo SSRO, Biopreparaty, Czech
Rep.), Talaromyces flavus (bf.24), Talaromyces flavus V117b
(bf.24a) (e.g., PROTUS.RTM. (bf.24b) from Prophyta, Germany),
Trichoderma asperellum (bf.25), Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1
(bf.25a) (e.g., ECO-HOPE.RTM. (bf.25b) from Kumiai Chemical
Industry Co., Ltd., Japan), Trichoderma atroviride (bf.26),
Trichoderma atroviride LC52 (bf.26a) (e.g., SENTINEL.RTM. (bf.26b)
from Agrimm Technologies Ltd, NZ), Trichoderma harzianum (bf.27),
Trichoderma harzianum T-22 (bf.27a) (e.g., PLANTSHIELD.RTM.
(bf.27b) der Firma BioWorks Inc., USA), Trichoderma harzianum TH-35
(bf.27c) (e.g., ROOT PRO.RTM. (bf.27d) from Mycontrol Ltd.,
Israel), Trichoderma harzianum T-39 (bf.27e) (e.g., TRICHODEX.RTM.
and TRICHODERMA 2000.RTM. (bf.27f) from Mycontrol Ltd., Israel and
Makhteshim Ltd., Israel), Trichoderma harzianum ICC012 (bf.27g),
Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride (bf.28) (e.g.,
TRICHOPEL (bf.28a) from Agrimm Technologies Ltd, NZ), Trichoderma
harzianum ICC012 and Trichoderma viride ICC080 (bf.28b) (e.g.,
REMEDIER.RTM. WP (bf.28c) from Isagro Ricerca, Italy), Trichoderma
polysporum and Trichoderma harzianum (bf.29) (e.g., BINAB.RTM.
(bf.29a) from BINAB Bio-Innovation AB, Sweden), Trichoderma
stromaticum (bf.30) (e.g., TRICOVAB.RTM. (bf.30a) from
C.E.P.L.A.C., Brazil), Trichoderma virens (bf.31), Trichoderma
virens GL-21 (bf.31a) (e.g., SOILGARD.RTM. (bf.31b) from Certis
LLC, USA), Trichoderma virens G1-3 (bf.31c) (e.g., ATCC 58678, from
Novozymes BioAg, Inc.), Trichoderma virens G1-21 (bf.31d)
(commercially available from Thermo Trilogy Corporation),
Trichoderma virens and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (bf.32),
Trichoderma virens G1-3 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24
(bf.32a), Trichoderma virens G1-3 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
isolate NRRL B-50349 (bf.32b), Trichoderma virens G1-3 and Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens TJ1000 (bf.32c), Trichoderma virens G1-21 and
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24 (bf.32d), Trichoderma virens G1-21
and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolate NRRL B-50349 (bf.32e),
Trichoderma virens G1-21 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000
(bf.32f), Trichoderma viride (bf.33) (e.g., TRIECO.RTM. (bf.33a)
from Ecosense Labs. (India) Pvt. Ltd., Indien, BIO-CURE.RTM. F from
T. Stanes & Co. Ltd., Indien), Trichoderma viride TV1 (bf.33b)
(e.g., Trichoderma viride TV1 from Agribiotec srl, Italy),
Trichoderma viride ICC080 (bf.33c), Streptomyces sp. isolate NRRL
No. B-30145 (bf.34) (from Fa. AgraQuest Inc., USA), Streptomyces
sp. isolate M1064 (bf.35) (from Fa. AgraQuest Inc., USA),
Streptomyces galbus (bf.36), Streptomyces galbus isolate NRRL 30232
(bf.36a) (from Fa. AgraQuest Inc., USA), Streptomyces lydicus
(bf.37), Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 (bf.37a) (e.g., isolate ATCC
55445 in ACTINOVATE.RTM., ACTINOVATE AG.RTM., ACTINOVATE STP.RTM.,
ACTINO-IRON.RTM., ACTINOVATE L&G.RTM., and ACTINOGROW.RTM. from
Idaho Research Foundation, USA), Streptomyces violaceusniger
(bf.38), Streptomyces violaceusniger YCED 9 (bf.38a) (e.g., isolate
ATCC 55660 in DE-THATCH-9.RTM., DECOMP-9.RTM., and THATCH
CONTROL.RTM. from Idaho Research Foundation, USA), Streptomyces WYE
53 (bf.39) (e.g., isolate ATCC 55750 in DE-THATCH-9.RTM.,
DECOMP-9.RTM., and THATCH CONTROL.RTM. from Idaho Research
Foundation, USA) and Ulocladium oudemansii (bf.40), Ulocladium
oudemansii HRU3 (bf.40a) (e.g., BOTRY-ZEN.RTM. (bf.40b) from
Botry-Zen Ltd, NZ).
[0102] In particular embodiments, compositions comprising at least
one LCO (i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least two
of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,
VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,
XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least three of the LCOs represented by I, II,
III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least four of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least five of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least six of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least eight of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least nine of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least ten of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least eleven of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twelve of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least thirteen of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fourteen of the
LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,
XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least fifteen of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
sixteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,
V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,
XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,
XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least seventeen of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least eighteen of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nineteen of the
LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,
XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-two of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-three of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-four of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-five of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-six of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-eight of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-nine of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
thirty of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,
VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,
XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,
XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirty-one of the LCOs represented by
the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,
XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,
XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
thirty-two of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, up to and including all
thirty-three of the above LCOs represented by the structures I, II,
III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII) are combined with at least
one biological fungicide ("bf") selected from (bf.1) to (bf.40b);
i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II,
III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII are combined with at least
one biological fungicide selected from the group consisting of
(bf.1), (bf.1a), (bf.2), (bf.2a), (bf.3), (bf.4), (bf.4a), (bf.4b),
(bf.5), (bf.6), (bf.7), (bf.7a), (bf.7b), (bf.8), (bf.8a), (bf.8b),
(bf.8c), (bf.8d), (bf.9), (bf.9a), (bf.10), (bf.10a), (bf.10b),
(bf.11), (bf.11a), (bf.11b), (bf.12), (bf.12a), (bf.13), (bf.13a),
(bf.14), (bf.14a), (bf.15), (bf.15a), (bf.16), (bf.16a), (bf.17),
(bf.17a), (bf.18), (bf.18a), (bf.19), (bf.19a), (bf.20), (bf.20a),
(bf.21), (bf.21a), (bf.22), (bf.22a), (bf.23), (bf.23a), (bf.23b),
(bf.24), (bf.24a), (bf.24b), (bf.25), (bf.25a), (bf.25b), (bf.26),
(bf.26a), (bf.26b), (bf.27), (bf.27a), (bf.27b), (bf.27c),
(bf.27d), (bf.27e), (bf.27f), (bf.27g), (bf.28), (bf.28a),
(bf.28b), (bf.28c), (bf.29), (bf.29a), (bf.30), (bf.30a), (bf.31),
(bf.31a), (bf.31b), (bf.31c), (bf.31d), (bf.32), (bf.32a),
(bf.32b), (bf.32c), (bf.32d), (bf.32e), (bf.32f), (bf.33),
(bf.33a), (bf.33b), (bf.33c) (bf.34), (bf.35), (bf.36), (bf.36a),
(bf.37), (bf.37a), (bf.37a), (bf.38), (bf.38a), (bf.39), (bf.40),
(bf.40a), (bf.40b) and combinations thereof.
[0103] In further embodiments, the biological fungicide can be
plant growth activators or plant defense agents including, but not
limited to harpin, Reynoutria sachlinensis (e.g., REGALIA.RTM.
(from Marrone Biolnnovations, USA).
[0104] Chemical Fungicides ("cf")
[0105] In certain embodiments, the fungicide is a chemical
fungicide ("cf"). Representative examples of useful chemical
fungicides ("cf") that may be suitable for use in the present
disclosure include aromatic hydrocarbons, benzimidazoles,
benzthiadiazole, carboxamides, carboxylic acid amides, morpholines,
phenylamides, phosphonates, quinone outside inhibitors (e.g.
strobilurins), thiazolidines, thiophanates, thiophene carboxamides,
and triazoles:
[0106] A) Strobilurins (cf.A): azoxystrobin (cf.A1),
coumethoxystrobin (cf.A2), coumoxystrobin (cf.A3), dimoxystrobin
(cf.A4), enestroburin (cf.A5), fluoxastrobin (cf.A6),
kresoxim-methyl (cf.A7), metominostrobin (cf.A8), orysastrobin
(cf.A9), picoxystrobin (cf.A10), pyraclostrobin (cf.A11),
pyrametostrobin (cf.A12), pyraoxystrobin (cf.A13), pyribencarb
(cf.A14), trifloxystrobin (cf.A15),
2-[2-(2,5-dimethyl-phenoxymethyl)-phenyl]-3-methoxy-acrylic acid
methyl ester (cf.A16), and
2-(2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-allylideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2-
-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide (cf.A17);
[0107] B) Carboxamides (cf.B):
[0108] carboxanilides (cf.B1): benalaxyl (cf.B1a), benalaxyl-M
(cf.B1b), benodanil (cf.B1c), bixafen (cf.B1d), boscalid (cf.B1d),
carboxin (cf.B1e), fenfuram (cf.B1f), fenhexamid (cf.B1g),
flutolanil (cf.B1h), fluxapyroxad (cf.B1i), furametpyr (cf.B1j),
isopyrazam (cf.B1k), isotianil (cf.B1l), kiralaxyl (cf.B1m),
mepronil (cf.B1n), metalaxyl (cf.B1o), metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam)
(cf.B1p), ofurace (cf.B1q), oxadixyl (cf.B1r), oxycarboxin
(cf.B1s), penflufen (cf.B1t), penthiopyrad (cf.B1u), sedaxane
(cf.B1v), tecloftalam (cf.B1w), thifluzamide (cf.B1x), tiadinil
(cf.B1y), 2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxanilide (cf.B1z),
N-(4'-trifluoromethylthiobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyra-
-zole-4-carboxamide (cf.B1aa), and
N-(2-(1,3,3-trimethylbutyl)-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1H-pyrazole-4-c-
arboxamide (cf. B1ab);
[0109] carboxylic morpholides (cf.B2): dimethomorph (cf.B2a),
flumorph (cf.B2b), pyrimorph (cf.B2c);
[0110] benzoic acid amides (cf.B3): flumetover (cf.B3a),
fluopicolide (cf.B3b), fluopyram (cf.B3c), zoxamide (cf.B3d);
[0111] other carboxamides (cf.B4): carpropamid (cf.B4a), dicyclomet
(cf.B4b), mandiproamid (cf.B4c), oxytetracyclin (cf.B4d),
silthiofam (cf.B4e), and N-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)
cyclopropanecarboxylic acid amide (cf.B4f);
[0112] C) Azoles (cf.C):
[0113] triazoles (cf.C1): azaconazole (cf.C1a), bitertanol
(cf.C1b), bromuconazole (cf.C1c), cyproconazole (cf.C1d),
difenoconazole (cf.C1e), diniconazole (cf.C1f), diniconazole-M
(cf.C1g), epoxiconazole (cf.C1h), fenbuconazole (cf.C1i),
fluquinconazole (cf.C1j), flusilazole (cf.C1k), flutriafol
(cf.C1l), hexaconazole (cf.C1m), imibenconazole (cf.C1n),
ipconazole (cf.C1o), metconazole (cf.C1p), myclobutanil (cf.C1q),
oxpoconazole (cf.C1r), paclobutrazole (cf.C1s), penconazole
(cf.C1t), propiconazole (cf.C1u), prothioconazole (cf.C1v),
simeconazole (cf.C1w), tebuconazole (cf.C1x), tetraconazole
(cf.C1y), triadimefon (cf.C1z), triadimenol (cf.C1aa),
triticonazole (cf.C1ab), uniconazole (cf.C1ac);
[0114] imidazoles (cf.C2): cyazofamid (cf.C2a), imazalil (cf.C2b),
pefurazoate (cf.C2c), prochloraz (cf.C2d), triflumizol
(cf.C2e);
[0115] D) Heterocyclic Compounds (cf.D):
[0116] pyridines (cf.D1): fluazinam (cf.D1a), pyrifenox (cf.D1b),
3-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine
(cf.D1c),
3-[5-(4-methyl-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine
(cf.D1d); pyrimidines (cf.D2): bupirimate (cf.D2a), cyprodinil
(cf.D2b), diflumetorim (cf.D2c), fenarimol (cf.D2d), ferimzone
(cf.D2e), mepanipyrim (cf.D2f), nitrapyrin (cf.D2g), nuarimol
(cf.D2h), pyrimethanil (cf.D2i);
[0117] piperazines (cf.D3): triforine (cf.D3a);
[0118] pyrroles (cf.D4): fenpiclonil (cf.D4a), fludioxonil
(cf.D4b);
[0119] morpholines (cf.D5): aldimorph (cf.D5a), dodemorph (cf.D5b),
dodemorph-acetate (cf.D5c), fenpropimorph (cf.D5d), tridemorph
(cf.D5e);
[0120] piperidines (cf.D6): fenpropidin (cf.D6a);
[0121] dicarboximides (cf.D7): fluoroimid (cf.D7a), iprodione
(cf.D7b), procymidone (cf.D7c), vinclozolin (cf.D7d);
[0122] non-aromatic 5-membered heterocycles (cf.D8): famoxadone
(cf.D8a), fenamidone (cf.D8b), flutianil (cf.D8c), octhilinone
(cf.D8d), probenazole (cf.D8e),
5-amino-2-isopropyl-3-oxo-4-ortho-tolyl-2,3-dihydro-pyrazole-1-carbothioi-
c acid S-allyl ester (cf.D8f);
[0123] others (cf.D9): acibenzolar-S-methyl (cf.D9a), ametoctradin
(cf.D9b), amisulbrom (cf.D9c), anilazin (cf.D9d), blasticidin-S
(cf.D9e), captafol (cf.D9f), captan (cf.D9g), chinomethionat
(cf.D9h), dazomet (cf.D9i), debacarb (cf.D9j), diclomezine
(cf.D9k), difenzoquat (cf.D9l), difenzoquat-methylsulfate (cf.D9m),
fenoxanil (cf.D9n), Folpet (cf.D9o), oxolinic acid (cf.D9p),
piperalin (cf.D9q), proquinazid (cf.D9r), pyroquilon (cf.D9s),
quinoxyfen (cf.D9t), triazoxide (cf.D9u), tricyclazole (cf.D9v),
2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propylchromen-4-one (cf.D9w),
5-chloro-1-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole
(cf.D9x), and
5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]tria-
zolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine (cf.D9y);
[0124] E) Benzimidazoles (cf.E): Carbendazim (cf.E1).
[0125] F) Other Active Substances (cf.F):
[0126] guanidines (cf.F1): guanidine (cf.F1a), dodine (cf.F1b),
dodine free base (cf.F1c), guazatine (cf.F1d), guazatine-acetate
(cf.F1e), iminoctadine (cf.F1f), iminoctadine-triacetate (cf.F1g),
iminoctadine-tris(albesilate) (cf.F1h);
[0127] antibiotics (cf.F2): kasugamycin (cf.F2a), kasugamycin
hydrochloride-hydrate (cf.F2b), streptomycin (cf.F2c), polyoxine
(cf.F2d), validamycin A (cf.F2e);
[0128] nitrophenyl derivates (cf.F3): binapacryl (cf.F3a), dicloran
(cf.F3b), dinobuton (cf.F3c), dinocap (cf.F3d), nitrothal-isopropyl
(cf.F3e), tecnazen (cf.F3f),
[0129] organometal compounds (cf.F4): fentin salts (cf.F4a), such
as fentin-acetate (cf.F4b), fentin chloride (cf.F4c), or fentin
hydroxide (cf.F4d);
[0130] sulfur-containing heterocyclyl compounds (cf.F5): dithianon
(cf.F5a), isoprothiolane (cf.F5b);
[0131] organophosphorus compounds (cf.F6): edifenphos (cf.F6a),
fosetyl (cf.F6b), fosetyl-aluminum (cf.F6c), iprobenfos (cf.F6d),
phosphorus acid and its salts (cf.F6e), pyrazophos (cf.F6f),
tolclofos-methyl (cf.F6g);
[0132] organochlorine compounds (cf.F7): chlorothalonil (cf.F7a),
dichlofluanid (cf.F7b), dichlorophen (cf.F7c), flusulfamide
(cf.F7d), hexachlorobenzene (cf.F7e), pencycuron (cf.F7f),
pentachlorphenole and its salts (cf.F7g), phthalide (cf.F7h),
quintozene (cf.F7i), thiophanate-methyl (cf.F7j), thiophanate
(cf.F7k), tolylfluanid (cf.F7l),
N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide
(cf.F7m);
[0133] inorganic active substances (cf.F8): Bordeaux mixture
(cf.F8a), copper acetate (cf.F8b), copper hydroxide (cf.F8c),
copper oxychloride (cf.F8d), basic copper sulfate (cf.F8e), and
sulfur (cf.F8f).
[0134] Commercial fungicides are most suitably used in accordance
with the manufacturers instructions at the recommended
concentrations.
[0135] In particular embodiments, compositions comprising at least
one LCO (i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least two
of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,
VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,
XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least three of the LCOs represented by I, II,
III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least four of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least five of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least six of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least eight of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least nine of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least ten of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least eleven of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twelve of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least thirteen of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fourteen of the
LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,
XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least fifteen of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
sixteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,
V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,
XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,
XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least seventeen of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least eighteen of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nineteen of the
LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,
XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-two of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-three of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-four of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-five of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-six of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-eight of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-nine of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
thirty of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,
VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,
XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,
XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirty-one of the LCOs represented by
the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,
XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,
XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
thirty-two of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, up to and including all
thirty-three of the above LCOs represented by the structures I, II,
III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII) are combined with at least
one chemical fungicide ("cf") selected from (cf.A) to (cf.F); i.e.,
at least one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII are combined with at least one
chemical fungicide selected from the group consisting of (cf.A),
(cf.B), (cf.C), (cf.D), (cf.E), (cf.F) and combinations
thereof.
[0136] In more particular embodiments, compositions comprising at
least one LCO (i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least two
of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,
VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,
XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least three of the LCOs represented by I, II,
III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least four of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least five of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least six of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least eight of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least nine of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least ten of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least eleven of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twelve of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least thirteen of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fourteen of the
LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,
XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least fifteen of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
sixteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,
V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,
XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,
XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least seventeen of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least eighteen of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nineteen of the
LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,
XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-two of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-three of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-four of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-five of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-six of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-eight of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-nine of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
thirty of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,
VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,
XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,
XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirty-one of the LCOs represented by
the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,
XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,
XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
thirty-two of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, up to and including all
thirty-three of the above LCOs represented by the structures I, II,
III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII) are combined with at least
one chemical fungicide ("cf") selected from (cf.A1) to (cf.F8b);
i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II,
III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII are combined with at least
one chemical fungicide selected from the group consisting of
(cf.A1), (cf.A2), (cf.A3), (cf.A4), (cf.A5), (cf.A6), (cf.A7),
(cf.A8), (cf.A9), (cf.A10), (cf.A11), (cf.A12), (cf.A13), (cf.A14),
(cf.A15), (cf.A16), (cf.A17); (cf.B1): (cf.B1a), (cf.B1b),
(cf.B1c), (cf.B1d), (cf.B1d), (cf.B1e), (cf.B1f), (cf.B1g),
(cf.B1h), (cf.B1i), (cf.B1j), (cf.B1k), (cf.B1l), (cf.B1m),
(cf.B1n), (cf.B1o), (cf.B1p), (cf.B1q), (cf.B1r), (cf.B1s),
(cf.B1t), (cf.B1u), (cf.B1v), (cf.B1w), (cf.B1x), (cf.B1y),
(cf.B1z), (cf.Blaa), (cf.Blab), (cf.B2a), (cf.B2b), (cf.B2c),
(cf.B3a), (cf.B3b), (cf.B3c), (cf.B3d), (cf.B4a), (cf.B4b),
(cf.B4c), (cf.B4d), (cf.B4e), (cf.B4f), (cf.C1a), (cf.C1b),
(cf.C1c), (cf.C1d), (cf.C1e), (cf.C1f), (cf.C1g), (cf.C1h),
(cf.C1i), (cf.C1j), (cf.C1k), (cf.C1l), (cf.C1m), (cf.C1n),
(cf.C1o), (cf.C1p), (cf.C1q), (cf.C1r), (cf.C1s), (cf.C1t),
(cf.C1u), (cf.C1v), (cf.C1w), (cf.C1x), (cf.C1y), (cf.C1z),
(Cf.C1aa), (Cf.C1ab), (Cf.C1ac), (cf.C2a), (cf.C2b), (cf.C2c),
(cf.C2d), (cf.C2e) (cf.D1a), (cf.D1b), (cf.D1c), (cf.D1d),
(cf.D2a), (cf.D2b), (cf.D2c), (cf.D2d), (cf.D2e), (cf.D2f),
(cf.D2g), (cf.D2h), (cf.D2i), (cf.D3a), (cf.D4a), (cf.D4b),
(cf.D5a), (cf.D5b), (cf.D5c), (cf.D5d), (cf.D5e), (cf.D6a),
(cf.D7a), (cf.D7b), (cf.D7c), (cf.D7d), (cf.D8a), (cf.D8b),
(cf.D8c), (cf.D8d), (cf.D8e), (cf.D8f), (cf.D9a), (cf.D9b),
(cf.D9c), (cf.D9d), (cf.D9e), (cf.D9f), (cf.D9g), (cf.D9h),
(cf.D9i), (cf.D9j), (cf.D9k), (cf.D9l), (cf.D9m), (cf.D9n),
(cf.D9o), (cf.D9p), (cf.D9q), (cf.D9r), (cf.D9s), (cf.D9t),
(cf.D9u), (cf.D9v), (cf.D9w), (cf.D9x), (cf.D9y), (cf.E1),
(cf.F1a), (cf.F1b), (cf.F1c), (cf.F1d), (cf.F1e), (cf.F1f),
(cf.F1g), (cf.F1h), (cf.F2a), (cf.F2b), (cf.F2c), (cf.F2d),
(cf.F2e); (cf.F3a), (cf.F3b), (cf.F3c), (cf.F3d), (cf.F3e),
(cf.F3f), (cf.F4a), (cf.F4b), (cf.F4c), (cf.F4d), (cf.F5a),
(cf.F5b), (cf.F6a), (cf.F6b), (cf.F6c), (cf.F6d), (cf.F6e),
(cf.F6f), (cf.F6g), (cf.F7a), (cf.F7b), (cf.F7c), (cf.F7d),
(cf.F7e), (cf.F7f), (cf.F7g), (cf.F7h), (cf.F7i), (cf.F7j),
(cf.F7k), (cf.F71), (cf.F7m), (cf.F8a), (cf.F8b), (cf.F8c),
(cf.F8d), (cf.F8e), (cf.F8f), and combinations thereof.
[0137] Herbicides:
[0138] In one embodiment, the compositions described herein may
further comprise at least one herbicide ("h").
[0139] Non-limiting examples of herbicides may acetyl CoA
carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors (h.A), acetolactate synthase (ALS)
(h.B) or acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) inhibitors (h.C),
photosystem II inhibitors (h.D), photosystem I inhibitors (h.E),
protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO or Protox) inhibitors (h.F),
carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors (h.G), enolpyruvyl
shikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase inhibitor (h.H), glutamine
synthetase inhibitor (h.I), dihydropteroate synthetase inhibitor
(h.J), mitosis inhibitors (h.K),
4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate-dioxygenase (4-HPPD) inhibitors (h.L),
synthetic auxins (h.M), auxin herbicide salts (h.N), auxin
transport inhibitors (h.O), and nucleic acid inhibitors (h.P),
salts and esters thereof; racemic mixtures and resolved isomers
thereof; and combinations thereof.
[0140] Specific examples of possible herbicides ("h") include
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (h.1),
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) (h.2), ametryn (h.3),
amicarbazone (h.4), aminocyclopyrachlor (h.5), acetochlor (h.6),
acifluorfen (h.7), alachlor (h.8), atrazine (h.9), azafenidin
(h.10), bentazon (h.11), benzofenap (h.12), bifenox (h.13),
bromacil (h.14), bromoxynil (h.15), butachlor (h.16), butafenacil
(h.17), butroxydim (h.18), carfentrazone-ethyl (h.19), chlorimuron
(h.20), chlorotoluron (h.21), clethodim (h.22), clodinafop (h.23),
clomazone (h.24), cyanazine (h.25), cycloxydim (h.26), cyhalofop
(h.27), desmedipham (h.28), desmetryn (h.29), dicamba (h.30),
diclofop (h.31), dimefuron (h.32), diuron (h.33), dithiopyr (h.34),
fenoxaprop (h.35), fluazifop (h.36), fluazifop-P (h.37),
fluometuron (h.38), flufenpyr-ethyl (h.39), flumiclorac-pentyl
(h.40), flumioxazin (h.41), fluoroglycofen (h.42),
fluthiacet-methyl (h.43), fomesafe (h.44), fomesafen (h.45),
glyphosate (h.46), glufosinate (h.47), haloxyfop (h.48), hexazinone
(h.49), imazamox (h.50), imazaquin (h.51), imazethapyr (h.52),
ioxynil (h.53), isoproturon (h.54), isoxaflutole (h.55), lactofen
(h.56), linuron (h.57), mecoprop (h.58), mecoprop-P (h.59),
mesotrione (h.60), metamitron (h.61), metazochlor (h.62),
methibenzuron (h.63), metolachlor (h.64) (and S-metolachlor
(h.65)), metoxuron (h.66), metribuzin (h.67), monolinuron (h.68),
oxadiargyl (h.69), oxadiazon (h.70), oxyfluorfen (h.71),
phenmedipham (h.72), pretilachlor (h.73), profoxydim (h.74),
prometon (h.75), prometryn (h.76), propachlor (h.77), propanil
(h.78), propaquizafop (h.79), propisochlor (h.80), pyraflufen-ethyl
(h.81), pyrazon (h.82), pyrazolynate (h.83), pyrazoxyfen (h.84),
pyridate (h.85), quizalofop (h.86), quizalofop-P (h.87) (e.g.,
quizalofop-ethyl (h.88), quizalofop-P-ethyl (h.89),
clodinafop-propargyl (h.90), cyhalofop-butyl (h.91),
diclofop-methyl (h.92), fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (h.93),
fluazifop-P-butyl (h.94), haloxyfop-methyl (h.95),
haloxyfop-R-methyl (h.96)), saflufenacil (h.97), sethoxydim (h.98),
siduron (h.99), simazine (h.100), simetryn (h.101), sulcotrione
(h.102), sulfentrazone (h.103), tebuthiuron (h.104), tembotrione
(h.105), tepraloxydim (h.106), terbacil (h.107), terbumeton
(h.108), terbuthylazine (h.109), thaxtomin (e.g., the thaxtomins as
described in U.S. Pat. No.: 7,989,393) (h.110), thenylchlor
(h.111), tralkoxydim (h.112), triclopyr (h.113), trietazine
(h.114), tropramezone (h.115), and salts and esters thereof;
racemic mixtures and resolved isomers thereof, and combinations
thereof.
[0141] Commercial products containing herbicides are readily
available. Herbicide concentration in the composition will
generally correspond to the labeled use rate for a particular
herbicide. In particular embodiments, compositions comprising at
least one LCO (i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least two
of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,
VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,
XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least three of the LCOs represented by I, II,
III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least four of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least five of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least six of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least eight of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least nine of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least ten of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least eleven of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twelve of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least thirteen of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fourteen of the
LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,
XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least fifteen of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
sixteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,
V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,
XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,
XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least seventeen of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least eighteen of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nineteen of the
LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,
XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-two of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-three of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-four of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-five of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-six of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-eight of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-nine of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
thirty of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,
VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,
XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,
XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirty-one of the LCOs represented by
the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,
XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,
XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
thirty-two of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, up to and including all
thirty-three of the above LCOs represented by the structures I, II,
III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII) are combined with at least
one herbicide ("h") selected from (h.A) to (h.P); i.e., at least
one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,
VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,
XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,
XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII are combined with at least one herbicide
selected from the group consisting of (h.A), (h.B), (h.C), (h.D),
(h.E), (h.F), (h.G), (h.H), (h.I), (h.J), (h.K), (h.L), (h.M),
(h.N), (h.O), (h.P), and combinations thereof.
[0142] In more particular embodiments, compositions comprising at
least one LCO (i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least two
of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,
VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,
XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least three of the LCOs represented by I, II,
III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least four of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least five of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least six of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least eight of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least nine of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least ten of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least eleven of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twelve of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least thirteen of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fourteen of the
LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,
XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least fifteen of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
sixteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,
V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,
XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,
XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least seventeen of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least eighteen of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nineteen of the
LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,
XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-two of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-three of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-four of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-five of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-six of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-eight of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-nine of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
thirty of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,
VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,
XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,
XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirty-one of the LCOs represented by
the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,
XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,
XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
thirty-two of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, up to and including all
thirty-three of the above LCOs represented by the structures I, II,
III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII) are combined with at least
one herbicide ("h") selected from (h.1) to (h.115); i.e., at least
one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,
VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,
XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,
XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII are combined with at least one herbicide
selected from the group consisting of (h.1), (h.2), (h.3), (h.4),
(h.5), (h.6), (h.7), (h.8), (h.9), (h.10), (h.11), (h.12), (h.13),
(h.14), (h.15), (h.16), (h.17), (h.18), (h.19), (h.20), (h.21),
(h.22), (h.23), (h.24), (h.25), (h.26), (h.27), (h.28), (h.29),
(h.30), (h.31), (h.32), (h.33), (h.34), (h.35), (h.36), (h.37),
(h.38), (h.39), (h.40), (h.41), (h.42), (h.43), (h.44), (h.45),
(h.46), (h.47), (h.48), (h.49), (h.50), (h.51), (h.52), (h.53),
(h.54), (h.55), (h.56), (h.57), (h.58), (h.59), (h.60), (h.61),
(h.62), (h.63), (h.64), (h.65), (h.66), (h.67), (h.68), (h.69),
(h.70), (h.71), (h.72), (h.73), (h.74), (h.75), (h.76), (h.77),
(h.78), (h.79), (h.80), (h.81), (h.82), (h.83), (h.84), (h.85),
(h.86), (h.87), (h.88), (h.89), (h.90), (h.91), (h.92), (h.93),
(h.94), (h.95), (h.96), (h.97), (h.98), (h.99), (h.100), (h.101),
(h.102), (h.103), (h.104), (h.105), (h.106), (h.107), (h.108),
(h.109), (h.110), (h.111), (h.112), (h.113), (h.114), (h.115), and
combinations thereof.
[0143] Insecticides, Acaricides, Nematicides:
[0144] In one embodiment, the compositions described herein may
further comprise at least one insecticide, acaricide, nematicide
("ian"), or combinations thereof. Inseciticdes, acaricides, and
nematicides useful to the compositions described herein will
suitably exhibit activity against a broad range of nematodes,
insects, and acarids. The inseciticdes, acaricides, and nematicides
described herein may be chemical ("cian"), microbial ("bian")
(e.g., biological solutions, such as fungal and/or bacterial
inseciticdes, acaricides, and nematicides, etc.), or combinations
thereof.
[0145] Chemical Insecticides, Acaricides, and Nematicides
("cian"):
[0146] Non-limiting examples of chemical insecticides, acaricides,
and nematicides ("cian") that may be useful to the compositions
disclosed herein include carbamates (cian.A), diamides (cian.B),
macrocyclic lactones (cian.C), neonicotinoids (cian.D),
organophosphates (cian.E), phenylpyrazoles (cian.F), pyrethrins
(cian.G), spinosyns (cian.H), synthetic pyrethroids (cian.I),
tetronic acids (cian.J) and tetramic acids (cian.K).
[0147] In particular embodiments useful chemical insecticides,
acaricides, and nematicides include acrinathrin (cian.1),
alpha-cypermethrin (cian.2), betacyfluthrin (cian.3), cyhalothrin
(cian.4), cypermethrin (cian.5), deltamethrin (cian.6),
csfenvalcrate (cian.7), etofenprox (cian.8), fenpropathrin
(cian.9), fenvalerate (cian.10), flucythrinat (cian.11),
fosthiazate (cian.12), lambda-cyhalothrin (cian.13),
gamma-cyhalothrin (cian.14), permethrin (cian.15), tau-fluvalinate
(cian.16), transfluthrin (cian.17), zeta-cypermethrin (cian.18),
cyfluthrin (cian.19), bifenthrin (cian.20), tefluthrin (cian.21),
eflusilanat (cian.22), fubfenprox (cian.23), pyrethrin (cian.24),
resmethrin (cian.25), imidacloprid (cian.26), acetamiprid
(cian.27), thiamethoxam (cian.28), nitenpyram (cian.29),
thiacloprid (cian.30), dinotefuran (cian.31), clothianidin
(cian.32), imidaclothiz (cian.33), chlorfluazuron (cian.34),
diflubenzuron (cian.35), lufenuron (cian.36), teflubenzuron
(cian.37), triflumuron (cian.38), novaluron (cian.39), flufenoxuron
(cian.40), hexaflumuron (cian.41), bistrifluoron (cian.42),
noviflumuron (cian.43), buprofezin (cian.44), cyromazine (cian.45),
methoxyfenozide (cian.46), tebufenozide (cian.47), halofenozide
(cian.48), chromafenozide (cian.49), endosulfan (cian.50), fipronil
(cian.51), ethiprole (cian.52), pyrafluprole (cian.53), pyriprole
(cian.54), flubendiamide (cian.55), chlorantraniliprole (cian.56)
(e.g., Rynaxypyr (cian.56a)), cyazypyr (cian.57), emamectin
(cian.58), emamectin benzoate (cian.59), abamectin (cian.60),
ivermectin (cian.61), milbemectin (cian.62), lepimectin (cian.63),
tebufenpyrad (cian.64), fenpyroximate (cian.65), pyridaben
(cian.66), fenazaquin (cian.67), pyrimidifen (cian.68), tolfenpyrad
(cian.69), dicofol (cian.70), cyenopyrafen (cian.71), cyflumetofen
(cian.72), acequinocyl (cian.73), fluacrypyrin (cian.74),
bifenazate (cian.75), diafenthiuron (cian.76), etoxazole (cian.77),
clofentezine (cian.78), spinosad (cian.79), triarathen (cian.80),
tetradifon (cian.81), propargite (cian.82), hexythiazox (cian.83),
bromopropylate (cian.84), chinomethionat (cian.85), amitraz
(cian.86), pyrifluquinazon (cian.87), pymetrozine (cian.88),
flonicamid (cian.89), pyriproxyfen (cian.90), diofenolan (cian.91),
chlorfenapyr (cian.92), metaflumizone (cian.93), indoxacarb
(cian.94), chlorpyrifos (cian.95), spirodiclofen (cian.96),
spiromesifen (cian.97), spirotetramat (cian.98), pyridalyl
(cian.99), spinctoram (cian.100), acephate (cian.101), triazophos
(cian.102), profenofos (cian.103), oxamyl (cian.104), spinetoram
(cian.105), fenamiphos (cian.106), fenamipclothiahos (cian.107),
4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one
(cian.108), cadusaphos (cian.109), carbaryl (cian.110), carbofuran
(cian.111), ethoprophos (cian.112), thiodicarb (cian.113), aldicarb
(cian.114), aldoxycarb (cian.115), metamidophos (cian.116),
methiocarb (cian.117), sulfoxaflor (cian.118), cyantraniliprole
(cian.119), tioxazofen (cian.120), and combinations thereof.
[0148] In particular embodiments, compositions compositions
comprising at least one LCO (i.e., at least one of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least two of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least three of the LCOs
represented by I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,
XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,
XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
four of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,
VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,
XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,
XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least five of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least six
of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,
VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,
XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least seven of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least eight
of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,
VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,
XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least nine of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least ten
of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,
VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,
XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least eleven of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twelve of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,
VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,
XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,
XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirteen of the LCOs represented by
the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,
XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,
XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
fourteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,
V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,
XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,
XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fifteen of the LCOs represented
by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,
XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,
XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
sixteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,
V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,
XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,
XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least seventeen of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least eighteen of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nineteen of the
LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,
XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-two of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-three of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-four of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-five of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-six of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-eight of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-nine of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
thirty of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,
VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,
XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,
XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirty-one of the LCOs represented by
the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,
XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,
XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
thirty-two of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, up to and including all
thirty-three of the above LCOs represented by the structures I, II,
III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII) are combined with at least
one chemical insecticide, acaricide, or nematicide ("cian")
selected from (cian.A) to (cian.K); i.e., at least one of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII are combined with at least one chemical insecticde,
acaricide, or nematicide selected from the group consisting of
(cian.A), (cian.B), (cian.C), (cian.D), (cian.E), (cian.F),
(cian.G), (cian.H), (cian.I), (cian.J), (cian.K), and combinations
thereof.
[0149] In more particular embodiments, compositions comprising at
least one LCO (i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least two
of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,
VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,
XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least three of the LCOs represented by I, II,
III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least four of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least five of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least six of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least eight of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least nine of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least ten of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least eleven of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twelve of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least thirteen of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fourteen of the
LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,
XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least fifteen of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
sixteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,
V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,
XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,
XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least seventeen of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least eighteen of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nineteen of the
LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,
XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-two of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-three of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-four of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-five of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-six of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-eight of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-nine of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
thirty of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,
VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,
XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,
XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirty-one of the LCOs represented by
the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,
XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,
XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
thirty-two of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, up to and including all
thirty-three of the above LCOs represented by the structures I, II,
III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII) are combined with at least
one chemical insecticide, acaricide, or nematicide ("cian")
selected from (cian.1) to (cian.120); i.e., at least one of the
LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,
XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII are combined with at least one chemical insecticide,
acaricide, or nematicide selected from the group consisting of
(cian.1), (cian.2), (cian.3), (cian.4), (cian.5), (cian.6),
(cian.7), (cian.8), (cian.9), (cian.10), (cian.11), (cian.12),
(cian.13), (cian.14), (cian.15), (cian.16), (cian.17), (cian.18),
(cian.19), (cian.20), (cian.21), (cian.22), (cian.23), (cian.24),
(cian.25), (cian.26), (cian.27), (cian.28), (cian.29), (cian.30),
(cian.31), (cian.32), (cian.33), (cian.34), (cian.35), (cian.36),
(cian.37), (cian.38), (cian.39), (cian.40), (cian.41), (cian.42),
(cian.43), (cian.44), (cian.45), (cian.46), (cian.47), (cian.48),
(cian.49), (cian.50), (cian.51), (cian.52), (cian.53), (cian.54),
(cian.55), (cian.56) (cian.56a), (cian.57), (cian.58), (cian.59),
(cian.60), (cian.61), (cian.62), (cian.63), (cian.64), (cian.65),
(cian.66), (cian.67), (cian.68), (cian.69), (cian.70), (cian.71),
(cian.72), (cian.73), (cian.74), (cian.75), (cian.76), (cian.77),
(cian.78), (cian.79), (cian.80), (cian.81), (cian.82), (cian.83),
(cian.84), (cian.85), (cian.86), (cian.87), (cian.88), (cian.89),
(cian.90), (cian.91), (cian.92), (cian.93), (cian.94), (cian.95),
(cian.96), (cian.97), (cian.98), (cian.99), (cian.100), (cian.101),
(cian.102), (cian.103), (cian.104), (cian.105), (cian.106),
(cian.107), (cian.108), (cian.109), (cian.110), (cian.111),
(cian.112), (cian.113), (cian.114), (cian.115), (cian.116),
(cian.117), (cian.118), (cian.119), (cian.120) and combinations
thereof.
[0150] Microbial Insecticides, Acaricides, and Nematicides
("mian")
[0151] A) fungal insecticides, acaricides, and nematicides
(mian.A)
[0152] In a particular embodiment, the microbial insecticide,
acaricide, or nematicide is a fungal insecticide, acaricide, or
nematicide. Non-limiting examples of fungal insecticides,
acaricides, or nematicides that may be used in the compositions
disclosed herein are described in McCoy, C. W., Samson, R. A., and
Coucias, D. G. "Entomogenous fungi. In "CRC Handbook of Natural
Pesticides. Microbial Pesticides, Part A. Entomogenous Protozoa and
Fungi." (C. M. Inoffo, ed.), (1988): Vol. 5, 151-236; Samson, R.
A., Evans, H. C., and Latge, J. P. "Atlas of Entomopathogenic
Fungi." (Springer-Verlag, Berlin) (1988); and deFaria, M. R. and
Wraight, S. P. "Mycoinsecticides and Mycoacaricides: A
comprehensive list with worldwide coverage and international
classification of formulation types." Biol. Control (2007), doi:
10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.08.001.
[0153] In embodiments, the fungal insecticide, acaricide, or
nematicide can be a fungus of the genus Aegerita, Akanthomyces,
Alternaria, Arthrobotrys, Aschersonia, Ascophaera, Aspergillus,
Beauveria, Blastodendrion, Calonectria, Coelemomyces,
Coelomycidium, Conidiobolus, Cordyceps, Couchia, Culicinomyces,
Dactylaria, Engyodontium, Entomophaga, Entomophthora, Erynia,
Filariomyces, Filobasidiella, Fusarium, Gibellula, Harposporium,
Hesperomyces, Hirsutella, Hymenostilbe, Hypocrella, Isaria,
Lecanicillium, Lagenidium, Lepto/egnia, Massospora, Metarhizium,
Meristacrum, Metschnikowia, Monacrosporium, Mycoderma, Myiophagus,
Myriangium, Myrothecium, Nectria, Nematoctonus, Neozygites,
Nomuraea, Paecilomyces, Pandora, Paraisaria, Pasteuria,
Pleurodesmospora, Pochonia, Podonectria, Polycephalomyces,
Pseudogibellula, Septobasidium, Sorosporella, Sporodiniella,
Stillbella, Tetranacrium, Tilachlidium, Tolypocladium, Torrubiella,
Trenomyces, Trichoderma, Uredinella, Verticillium, Zoophthora, and
combinations thereof.
[0154] Non-limiting examples of particular species that may be
useful as a fungal insecticide, acaricide, or nematicide in the
compositions described herein include Alternaria cassia (mian.A1),
Arthrobotrys dactyloides (mian.A2), Arthrobotrys oligospora
(mian.A3), Arthrobotrys superb (mian.A4), Arthrobotrys dactyloides
(mian.A5), Aspergillus parasiticus (mian.A6), Beauveria bassiana
(mian.A7), Beauveria bassiana isolate ATCC-74040 (mian.A7a),
Beauveria bassiana isolate ATCC-74250 (mian.A7b), Dactylaria
candida (mian.A8), Fusarium lateritum (mian.A9), Fusarium solani
(mian.A10), Harposporium anguillulae (mian.A11), Hirsutella
rhossiliensis (mian.Al2), Hirsutella minnesotensis (mian.A13),
Lecanicillium lecanii (mian.A14), Metarhizium anisopliae (also may
be referred to in the art as Metarrhizium anisopliae, Metarhizium
brunneum, or "green muscadine") (mian.A15), Metarhizium anisopliae
isolate F52 (mian.A15a) (also known as Metarhizium anisopliae
strain 52, Metarhizium anisopliae strain 7, Metarhizium anisopliae
strain 43, Metarhizium anisopliae BIO-1020, TAE-001 and deposited
as DSM 3884, DSM 3885, ATCC 90448, SD 170, and ARSEF 7711)
(available from Novozymes Biologicals, Inc., USA)), Monacrosporium
cionopagum (mian.A16), Nematoctonus geogenius (mian.A17),
Nematoctonus leiosporus (mian.A18), Meristacrum asterospermum
(mian.A19), Myrothecium verrucaria (mian.A20), Paecilomyces
fumosoroseus (mian.A21), Paecilomyces fumosoroseus FE991
(mian.A21a) (in NOFLY.RTM. from FuturEco BioScience S.L.,
Barcelona, Spain), Paecilomyces lilacinus (mian.A22), Pasteuria
penetrans (mian.A23), Pasteuria usage (mian.A24), Pochonia
chlamydopora (mian.A25), Trichoderma hamatum (mian.A26),
Trichoderma harzianum (mian.A27), Trichoderma virens (mian.A28),
Verticillium chlamydosporum (mian.A29), Verticillium lecanii
(mian.A30), and combinations thereof.
[0155] B) Bacterial Insecticides, Acaricides, and Nematicides
(mian.B)
[0156] In a particular embodiment, the microbial pesticide is a
bacterial insecticide, acaricids, or nematicide.
[0157] In embodiments, the bacterial insecticide, acaricide, or
nematicide can be a bacterium of the genus Actinomycetes
Agrobacterium, Arthrobacter, Alcaligenes, Aureobacterium,
Azobacter, Bacillus, Beijerinckia, Burkholderia, Chromobacterium,
Clavibacter, Clostridium, Comomonas, Corynebacterium,
Curtobacterium, Desulforibtio, Enterobacter, Flavobacterium,
Gluconobacter, Hydrogenophage, Klebsiella, Methylobacterium,
Paenibacillus, Phyllobacterium, Phingobacterium, Photorhabdus,
Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Serratia, Stenotrotrophomonas,
Streptomyces, Xenorhadbus, Variovorax, and combinations
thereof.
[0158] Non-limiting examples of particular species that may be
useful as a bacterial insecticide, acaricide, or nematicide in the
compositions described herein include Bacillus firmus (mian.B1),
Bacillus firmus isolate 1-1582 (mian.B1a) (in BioNeem, Votivo),
Bacillus mycoides (mian.B2), Bacillus mycoides isolate AQ726, NRRL
B-21664 (mian.B2a), Burkholderia sp. (mian.B3), Burkholderia sp.
nov. rinojensis (mian.B3a), Burkholderia sp. A396 sp. nov.
rinojensis, NRRL B-50319 (mian.B3b), Chromobacterium subtsugae
(mian.B4), Chromobacterium subtsugae sp. nov. (mian.B4a),
Chromobacterium subtsugae sp. nov. isolate NRRL B-30655 (mian.B4b),
Chromobacterium vaccinii (mian.B5), Chromobacterium vaccinii
isolate NRRL B-50880 (mian.B5a), Chromobacterium violaceum
(mian.B6), Flavobacterium sp. (mian.B7), Flavobacterium sp. isolate
H492, NRRL B-50584 (mian.B7a), Streptomyces lydicus (mian.B8),
Streptomyces violaceusniger (mian.B9), and combinations
thereof.
[0159] Commercial microbial insecticides, acaricides, or
nematicides are most suitably used in accordance with the
manufacturers instructions at the recommended concentrations.
[0160] In more particular embodiments, compositions comprising at
least one LCO (i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least two
of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,
VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,
XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least three of the LCOs represented by I, II,
III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least four of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least five of the LCOs represented by the structures 1,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least six of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least eight of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least nine of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least ten of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least eleven of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twelve of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least thirteen of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fourteen of the
LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,
XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least fifteen of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
sixteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,
V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,
XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,
XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least seventeen of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least eighteen of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nineteen of the
LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,
XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-two of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-three of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-four of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-five of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-six of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-eight of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-nine of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
thirty of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,
VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,
XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,
XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirty-one of the LCOs represented by
the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,
XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,
XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
thirty-two of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, up to and including all
thirty-three of the above LCOs represented by the structures I, II,
III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII) are combined with at least
one microbial insecticide, acaricide, or nematicide ("mian")
selected from (mian.A1) to (mian.B9); i.e., at least one of the
LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,
XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII are combined with at least one microbial insecticide,
acaricide, or nematicide selected from the group consisting of
(mian.A1), (mian.A2), (mian.A3), (mian.A4), (mian.A5), (mian.A6),
(mian.A7), (mian.A7a), (mian.A7b), (mian.A8), (mian.A9),
(mian.A10), (mian.A11), (mian.A12), (mian.A13), (mian.A14),
(mian.A15), (mian.A15a) (mian.A16), (mian.A17), (mian.A18),
(mian.A19), (mian.A20), (mian.A21), (mian.A21a) (mian.A22),
(mian.A23), (mian.A24), (mian.A25), (mian.A26), (mian.A27),
(mian.A28), (mian.A29), (mian.A30) (mian.B1), (mian.B1a),
(mian.B2), (mian.B2a), (mian.B3), (mian.B3a), (mian.B3b),
(mian.B4), (mian.B4a), (mian.B4b), (mian.B5), (mian.B5a),
(mian.B6), (mian.B7), (mian.B7a), (mian.B8), (mian.B9), and
combinations thereof.
[0161] Beneficial Microorganisms ("bm"):
[0162] In one embodiment, the compositions described herein may
further comprise at least one beneficial microorganism ("bm"). The
at least one beneficial microorganism may be in a spore form, a
vegetative form, or a combination thereof.
[0163] A) Diazotrophs (bm.A)
[0164] In particular embodiments, the at least one beneficial
microorganism ("bm") is a diazotroph bacteria which are symbiotic
nitrogen-fixing bacteria).
[0165] In embodiments, the diazotroph is a bacterium of the genus
Azorhizobium, Azospirillum, Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium,
Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium, and combinations thereof.
[0166] Non-limiting examples of particular species that may be
useful as a bacterial diazotroph in the compositions described
herein include Azorhizobium caulinodans (bm.A1), Azorhizobium
doebereinerae (bm.A2), Azospirillum amazonense (bm.A3),
Azospirillum brasilense (bm.A4), Azospirillum brasilense isolate
INTA Az-39 (bm.A4a) (available from Novozymes), Azospirillum
canadense (bm.A5), Azospirillum doebereinerae (bm.A6), Azospirillum
formosense (bm.A7), Azospirillum halopraeferans (bm.A8),
Azospirillum irakense (bm.A9), Azospirillum largimobile (bm.A10),
Azospirillum lipoferum (bm.A11), Azospirillum melinis (bm.A12),
Azospirillum oryzae (bm.A13), Azospirillum picis (bm.A14),
Azospirillum rugosum (bm.A15), Azospirillum thiophilum (bm.A16),
Azospirillum zeae (bm.A17), Bradyrhizobium bete (bm.A18),
Bradyrhizobium canariense (bm.A19), Bradyrhizobium elkanii
(bm.A20), Bradyrhizobium elkanii isolate SEMIA 587 (bm.A20a)
(available from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium elkanii isolate SEMIA
5019 (bm.A20b) (available from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium
iriomotense (bm.A21), Bradyrhizobium japonicum (bm.A22),
Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate SEMIA 5079 (bm.A22a) (available
from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate SEMIA 5080
(bm.A22b) (available from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum
isolate NRRL B-50608 (bm.A22c) (available from Novozymes),
Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50609 (bm.A22d) (available
from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50610
(bm.A22e) (available from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum
isolate NRRL B-50611 (bm.A22f) (available from Novozymes),
Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50612 (bm.A22g) (available
from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50592
(deposited also as NRRL B-59571) (bm.A22h) (available from
Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50593
(deposited also as NRRL B-59572) (bm.A22i) (available from
Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50586
(deposited also as NRRL B-59565) (bm.A22j) (available from
Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50588
(deposited also as NRRL B-59567) (bm.A22k) (available from
Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50587
(deposited also as NRRL B-59566) (bm.A221) (available from
Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50589
(deposited also as NRRL B-59568) (bm.A22m) (available from
Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50591
(deposited also as NRRL B-59570) (bm.A22n) (available from
Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum NRRL B-50590 (deposited also
as NRRL B-59569) (bm.A22o) (available from Novozymes),
Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50594 (deposited also as
NRRL B-50493) (bm.A22p) (available from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium
japonicum isolate NRRL B-50726 (bm.A22q) (available from
Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50727 (bm.A22r)
(available from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL
B-50728 (bm.A22s) (available from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium
japonicum isolate NRRL B-50729 (bm.A22t) (available from
Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50730 (bm.A22u)
(available from Novozymes), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate USDA
532C (bm.A22v), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate USDA 110
(bm.A22w), Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate USDA 123 (bm.A22x),
Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate USDA 127 (bm.A22y), Bradyrhizobium
japonicum isolate USDA 129 (bm.A22z), Bradyrhizobium jicamae
(bm.A23), Bradyrhizobium liaoningense (bm.A24), Bradyrhizobium
pachyrhizi (bm.A25), Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense (bm.A26),
Mesorhizobium albiziae (bm.A27), Mesorhizobium amorphae (bm.A28),
Mesorhizobium chacoense (bm.A29), Mesorhizobium ciceri (bm.A30),
Mesorhizobium huakuii (bm.A31), Mesorhizobium loti (bm.A32),
Mesorhizobium mediterraneum (bm.A33), Mesorhizobium pluifarium
(bm.A34), Mesorhizobium septentrionale (bm.A35), Mesorhizobium
temperatum (bm.A36), Mesorhizobium tianshanense (bm.A37), Rhizobium
cellulosilyticum (bm.A38), Rhizobium daejeonense (bm.A39),
Rhizobium etli (bm.A40), Rhizobium galegae (bm.A41), Rhizobium
gallicum (bm.A42), Rhizobium giardinii (bm.A43), Rhizobium
hainanense (bm.A44), Rhizobium huautlense (bm.A45), Rhizobium
indigoferae (bm.A46), Rhizobium leguminosarum (bm.A47), Rhizobium
leguminosarum isolate 5012A-2-(IDAC 080305-01) (bm.A47a), Rhizobium
loessense (bm.A48), Rhizobium lupini (bm.A49), Rhizobium lusitanum
(bm.A50), Rhizobium meliloti (bm.A51), Rhizobium mongolense
(bm.A52), Rhizobium miluonense (bm.A53), Rhizobium sullee (bm.A54),
Rhizobium tropici (bm.A55), Rhizobium undicola (bm.A56), Rhizobium
yanglingense (bm.A57), Sinorhizobium abri (bm.A58), Sinorhizobium
adhaerens (bm.A59), Sinorhizobium americanum (bm.A60),
Sinorhizobium aboris (bm.A61), Sinorhizobium fredii (bm.A62),
Sinorhizobium indiaense (bm.A63), Sinorhizobium kostiense (bm.A64),
Sinorhizobium kummerowiae (bm.A65), Sinorhizobium medicae (bm.A66),
Sinorhizobium meliloti (bm.A67), Sinorhizobium mexicanus (bm.A68),
Sinorhizobium morelense (bm.A69), Sinorhizobium saheli (bm.A70),
Sinorhizobium terangae (bm.A71), Sinorhizobium xinjiangense
(bm.A72), and combinations thereof.
[0167] B) Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms (bm.B)
[0168] In particular embodiments, the at least one beneficial
microorganism ("bm") is a phosphate solubilizing microorganism.
[0169] In embodiments, the at least one phosphate solubilizing
microorganism is a fungus of the genus Penicillium, Talaromyces,
and combinations thereof.
[0170] Non-limiting examples of particular species that may be
useful as a phosphate solubilizing fungus in the compositions
described herein include Penicillium albidum (bm.B1), Penicillium
aurantiogriseum (bm.B2), Penicillium bilaiae (formerly known as
Penicillium bilaii and Penicillium bilaji) (bm.B3), Penicillium
bilaiae isolate ATCC 20851 (bm.B3a), Penicillium bilaiae isolate
ATCC 22348 (bm.B3b), Penicillium bilaiae isolate V08/021001 (also
deposited as NRRL B-50612) (bm.B3c), Penicillium bilaiae isolate
NRRL B-50776 (bm.B3d), Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50777
(bm.B3e), Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50778 (bm.B3f),
Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50779 (bm.B3g), Penicillium
bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50780 (bm.B3h), Penicillium bilaiae isolate
NRRL B-50781 (bm.B3i), Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50782
(bm.B3j), Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50783 (bm.B3k),
Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50784 (bm.B31), Penicillium
bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50785 (bm.B3m), Penicillium bilaiae isolate
NRRL B-50786 (bm.B3n), Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50787
(bm.B3o), Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50788 (bm.B3p),
Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50169 (bm.B3q), Penicillium
bilaiae isolate ATCC 18309 (bm.B3r), Penicillium brevicompactum
(bm.B4), Penicillium brevicompactum isolate AgRF18 (bm.B4a),
Penicillium canescens (bm.B5), Penicillium canescens isolate ATCC
10419 (bm.B5a), Penicillium chrysogenum (bm.B6), Penicillium
citreonigrum (bm.B7), Penicillium citrinum (bm.B8), Penicillium
digitatum (bm.B9), Penicillium expansum (bm.B10), Penicillium
expansum isolate ATCC 24692 (bm.B10a), Penicillium expansum isolate
YTO2 (bm.B10b), Penicillium fellutanum (bm.B11), Penicillium
fellutanum isolate ATCC 48694 (bm.B11a), Penicillium frequentas
(bm.B12), Penicillium fuscum (bm.B13), Penicillium fussiporus
(bm.B14), Penicillium gaestrivorus (bm.B15), Penicillium
gaestrivorus isolate NRRL 50170 (bm.B15a), Penicillium glabrum
(bm.B16), Penicillium glabrum isolate DAOM 239074 (bm.B16a),
Penicillium glabrum isolate CBS 229.28 (bm.B16b), Penicillium
glaucum (bm.B17), Penicillium griseofulvum (bm.B18), Penicillium
implicatum (bm.B19), Penicillium janthinellum (bm.B20), Penicillium
janthinellum isolate ATCC 10455 (bm.B20a), Penicillium
lanosocoeruleum (bm.B21), Penicillium lanosocoeruleum isolate ATCC
48919 (bm.B21a), Penicillium lilacinum (bm.B22), Penicillium
minioluteum (bm.B23), Penicillium montanense (bm.B24), Penicillium
nigricans (bm.B25), Penicillium oxalicum (bm.B26), Penicillium
pinetorum (bm.B27), Penicillium pinophilum (bm.B28), Penicillium
purpurogenum (bm.B29), Penicillium radicum (bm.B30), Penicillium
radicum isolate N93/47267 (bm.B30a), Penicillium radicum isolate
FRR 4717 (bm.B30b), Penicillium radicum isolate ATCC 201836
(bm.B30c), Penicillium radicum isolate FRR 4719 (bm.B30d),
Penicillium raistrickii (bm.B31), Penicillium raistrickii isolate
ATCC 10490 (bm.B31a), Penicillium rugulosum (bm.B32), Penicillium
simplicissimum (bm.B33), Penicillium solitum (bm.B34), Penicillium
variabile (bm.B35), Penicillium velutinum (bm.B36), Penicillium
viridicatum (bm.B37), Talaromyces aculeatus (bm.B38), Talaromyces
aculeatus isolate ATCC 10409 (bm.B38a), and combinations
thereof.
[0171] C) Mycorrhiza (bm.C)
[0172] In particular embodiments, the at least one beneficial
microorganism ("bm") is a mycorrhiza. Suitable mycorrhizae include
endomycorrhiza (also called vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza, VAMs,
arbuscular mycorrhiza, or AMs), ectomycorrhiza, ericoid mycorrhiza,
and combinations thereof.
[0173] In embodiments, the mycorrhiza is a fungus of the genus
Gigaspora, Glomus, Hymenoscyphous, Laccaria, Oidiodendron,
Paraglomus, Pisolithus, Rhizoctonia, Rhizopogon, Scleroderma, and
combinations thereof.
[0174] Non-limiting examples of particular mycorrhizal species that
may be useful in the compositions described herein include
Gigaspora margarita (bm.C1), Glomus aggregatum (bm.C2), Glomus
brasilianum (bm.C3), Glomus clarum (bm.C4), Glomus deserticola
(bm.C5), Glomus etunicatum (bm.C6), Glomus fasciculatum (bm.C7),
Glomus intraradices (bm.C8), Glomus monosporum (bm.C9), Glomus
mosseae (bm.C10), Hymenoscyphous ericae (bm.C11), Laccaria bicolor
(bm.C12), Laccaria laccata (bm.C13), Oidiodendron sp. (bm.C14),
Paraglomus brazilianum (bm.C15), Pisolithus tinctorius (bm.C16),
Rhizoctonia sp. (bm.C17), Rhizopogon amylopogon (bm.C18),
Rhizopogon fulvigleba (bm.C19), Rhizopogon luteolus (bm.C20),
Rhizopogon villosuli (bm.C21), Scleroderma cepa (bm.C22),
Scleroderma citrinum (bm.C23), Rhizoplex.RTM. (Gigaspora margarita,
Glomus aggregatum, Glomus brasilianum, Glomus clarum, Glomus
deserticola, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus intraradices, Glomus
monosporum, Glomus mosseae, Laccaria bicolor, Laccaria laccata,
Pisolithus tinctorius, Rhizopogon amylopogon, Rhizopogon
fulvigleba, Rhizopogon luteolus, Rhizopogon villosuli, Scleroderma
cepa and Scleroderma citrinum) (bm.C24) (available from Novozymes),
Rhizomyco.RTM. (Gigaspora margarita, Glomus aggregatum, Glomus
clarum, Glomus deserticola, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus intraradices,
Glomus monosporum, Glomus mosseae, Laccaria bicolor, Laccaria
laccata, Paraglomus brazilianum, Pisolithus tinctorius, Rhizopogon
amylopogon, Rhizopogon fulvigleba, Rhizopogon luteolus, Rhizopogon
villosuli, Scleroderma cepa and Scleroderma citrinum) (bm.C25)
(available from Novozymes), Rhizomyx.RTM. (Gigaspora margarita,
Glomus aggregatum, Glomus brasilianum, Glomus clarum, Glomus
deserticola, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus intraradices, Glomus
monosporum, and Glomus mosseae) (bm.C26) (available from
Novozymes), and combinations thereof.
[0175] In particular embodiments, compositions comprising at least
one LCO (i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least two
of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,
VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,
XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least three of the LCOs represented by I, II,
III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least four of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least five of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least six of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least eight of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least nine of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least ten of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least eleven of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twelve of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least thirteen of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fourteen of the
LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,
XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least fifteen of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
sixteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,
V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,
XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,
XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least seventeen of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least eighteen of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nineteen of the
LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,
XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-two of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-three of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-four of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-five of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-six of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-eight of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-nine of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
thirty of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,
VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,
XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,
XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirty-one of the LCOs represented by
the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,
XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,
XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
thirty-two of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, up to and including all
thirty-three of the above LCOs represented by the structures I, II,
III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII) are combined with at least
one beneficial microorganism selected from (bm.A) to (bm.C); i.e.,
at least one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII are combined with at least one
beneficial microorganism ("bm") selected from the group consisting
of (bm.A), (bm.B), (bm.C), and combinations thereof.
[0176] In more particular embodiments, compositions comprising at
least one LCO (i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least two
of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI,
VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX,
XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least three of the LCOs represented by I, II,
III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least four of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least five of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least six of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least eight of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least nine of the LCOs represented by the structures I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least ten of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least eleven of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twelve of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least thirteen of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least fourteen of the
LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,
XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least fifteen of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
sixteen of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV,
V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII,
XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX,
XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least seventeen of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least eighteen of the LCOs represented by the structures
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least nineteen of the
LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI,
XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI,
XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-one of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-two of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-three of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-four of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-five of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-six of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
twenty-seven of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least twenty-eight of the LCOs
represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII,
XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, at least twenty-nine of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
thirty of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III, IV, V,
VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX,
XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX,
XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least thirty-one of the LCOs represented by
the structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,
XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV,
XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, at least
thirty-two of the LCOs represented by the structures I, II, III,
IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII,
XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII,
XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, up to and including all
thirty-three of the above LCOs represented by the structures I, II,
III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI,
XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII,
XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII) are combined with at least
one beneficial microorganism ("bm") selected from (bm.A1) to
(bm.C26); i.e., at least one of the LCOs represented by the
structures I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII,
XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIII, XIX, XX, XI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV,
XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII are combined
with at least one beneficial microorganism selected from the group
consisting of (bm.A1), (bm.A2), (bm.A3), (bm.A4), (bm.A4a),
(bm.A5), (bm.A6), (bm.A7), (bm.A8), (bm.A9), (bm.A10), (bm.A11),
(bm.A12), (bm.A13), (bm.A14), (bm.A15), (bm.A16), (bm.A17),
(bm.A18), (bm.A19), (bm.A20), (bm.A20a) (bm.A20b), (bm.A21),
(bm.A22), (bm.A22a) (bm.A22b), (bm.A22c), (bm.A22d), (bm.A22e),
(bm.A22f), (bm.A22g), (bm.A22h) (bm.A22i), (bm.A22j), (bm.A22k),
(bm.A22l), (bm.A22m), (bm.A22n), (bm.A22o), (bm.A22p),(bm.A22q),
(bm.A22r), (bm.A22s), (bm.A22t), (bm.A22u), (bm.A22v), (bm.A22w),
(bm.A22x), (bm.A22y), (bm.A22z), (bm.A23), (bm.A24), (bm.A25),
(bm.A26), (bm.A27), (bm.A28), (bm.A29), (bm.A30), (bm.A31),
(bm.A32), (bm.A33), (bm.A34), (bm.A35), (bm.A36), (bm.A37),
(bm.A38), (bm.A39), (bm.A40), (bm.A41), (bm.A42), (bm.A43),
(bm.A44), (bm.A45), (bm.A46), (bm.A47), (bm.A47a), (bm.A48),
(bm.A49), (bm.A50), (bm.A51), (bm.A52), (bm.A53), (bm.A54),
(bm.A55), (bm.A56), (bm.A57), (bm.A58), (bm.A59), (bm.A60),
(bm.A61), (bm.A62), (bm.A63), (bm.A64), (bm.A65), (bm.A66),
(bm.A67), (bm.A68), (bm.A69), (bm.A70), (bm.A71), (bm.A72),(bm.B1),
(bm.B2), (bm.B3), (bm.B3a), (bm.B3b), (bm.B3c), (bm.B3d), (bm.B3e),
(bm.B3f), (bm.B3g), (bm.B3h), (bm.B3i), (bm.B3j), (bm.B3k),
(bm.B3l), (bm.B3m), (bm.B3n), (bm.B3o), (bm.B3p), (bm.B3q),
(bm.B3r), (bm.B4), (bm.B4a), (bm.B5), (bm.B5a), (bm.B6), (bm.B7),
(bm.B8), (bm.B9), (bm.B10), (bm.B10a),(bm.B10b), (bm.B11),
(bm.B11a), (bm.B12), (bm.B13), (bm.B14), (bm.B15), (bm.B15a),
(bm.B16), (bm.B16a), (bm.B16b), (bm.B17), (bm.B18), (bm.B19),
(bm.B20), (bm.B20a), (bm.B21), (bm.B21a), (bm.B22), (bm.B23),
(bm.B24), (bm.B25), (bm.B26), (bm.B27), (bm.B28), (bm.B29),
(bm.B30), (bm.B30a), (bm.B30b), (bm.B30c), (bm.B30d), (bm.B31),
(bm.B31a), (bm.B32), (bm.B33), (bm.B34), (bm.B35), (bm.B36),
(bm.B37), (bm.B38), (bm.B38a), (bm.C1), (bm.C2), (bm.C3), (bm.C4),
(bm.C5), (bm.C6), (bm.C7), (bm.C8), (bm.C9), (bm.C10), (bm.C11),
(bm.C12), (bm.C13), (bm.C14), (bm.C15), (bm.C16), (bm.C17),
(bm.C18), (bm.C19), (bm.C20), (bm.C21), (bm.C22), (bm.C23),
(bm.C24), (bm.C25), (bm.C26), and combinations thereof.
[0177] Additional Agriculturally Beneficial Agents:
[0178] The compositions disclosed herein may further comprise at
least one additional agriculturally beneficial agent. Non-limiting
examples of additional agriculturally beneficial agents include
COs, chitinous compounds, flavonoids, nod-gene inducing compounds,
karrikins, enzymes, nutrients, biostimulants, etc., or combinations
thereof.
[0179] COs:
[0180] Chitooligosaccharides (COs), sometimes referred to as
N-acetylchitooligosaccharides, are also composed of GlcNAc residues
but have side chain decorations that make them different from
chitin molecules [(C.sub.8H.sub.13NO.sub.5).sub.n, CAS No.
1398-61-4] and chitosan molecules [(C.sub.5H.sub.11NO.sub.4).sub.n,
CAS No. 9012-76-4]. See, e.g., D'Haeze et al., GLYCOBIOL. 12(6):79R
(2002); Demont-Caulet et al., PLANT PHYSIOL. 120(1):83 (1999);
Hanel et al., PLANTA 232:787 (2010); Muller et al., PLANT PHYSIOL.
124:733 (2000); Robina et al., TETRAHEDRON 58:521-530 (2002); Rouge
et al., The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates, in
ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY (Springer Science,
______); Van der Hoist et al., CURR. OPIN. STRUC. BIOL. 11:608
(2001); and Wan et al., PLANT CELL 21:1053 (2009); PCT/F100/00803
(2000). Chitooligosaccharides differ from
lipo-chitooligosaccharides in that they lack the pendant fatty acid
chain.
[0181] In some embodiments, compositions of the present invention
comprise one or more COs represented by formula XXXIV:
##STR00034##
in which R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or methyl; R.sub.2 represents
hydrogen or methyl; R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, acetyl or
carbamoyl; R.sub.4 represents hydrogen, acetyl or carbamoyl;
R.sub.5 represents hydrogen, acetyl or carbamoyl; R.sub.6
represents hydrogen, arabinosyl, fucosyl, acetyl, sulfate ester,
3-0-S-2-0-MeFuc, 2-0-MeFuc, and 4-0-AcFuc; R.sub.7 represents
hydrogen, mannosyl or glycerol; R.sub.8 represents hydrogen,
methyl, or --CH.sub.2OH; R.sub.9 represents hydrogen, arabinosyl,
or fucosyl; R.sub.10 represents hydrogen, acetyl or fucosyl; and n
represents 0, 1, 2 or 3.
[0182] Chitooligosaccharides may be obtained from any suitable
source.
[0183] In some embodiments, the CO is derived from a naturally
occurring or non-naturally occurring lipo-chitooligosaccharide. For
example, in some embodiments, inoculant compositions of the present
invention comprise one or more COs derived from an LCO obtained
(i.e., isolated and/or purified) from a naturally occurring or
genetically engineered strain of Azorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium
(e.g., B. japonicum), Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium (e.g., R.
leguminosarum), Sinorhizobium (e.g., S. meliloti), or mycorhizzal
fungus (e.g., Glomus intraradicus). In some embodiments, the CO is
derived from an LCO represented by one or more of formulas and/or
structures V-XXXIII. Thus, in some embodiments, compositions of the
present invention may comprise one or more COs represented by one
or more of formulas and/or structures V-XXXIII except that the
pendant fatty acid is replaced with a hydrogen or methyl group.
[0184] In some embodiments, the CO is synthetic. Methods for the
preparation of recombinant COs are known in the art. See, e.g.,
Cottaz et al., METH. ENG. 7(4):311 (2005); Samain et al.,
CARBOHYDRATE RES. 302:35 (1997.); and Samain et al., J. BIOTECHNOL.
72:33 (1999).
[0185] Examples of chitooligoosaccharides (and derivatives thereof)
that may be useful in compositions of the present invention are
provided below as formula XXXV:
##STR00035##
in which n=1 or 2; R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or methyl; and
R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or SO.sub.3H.
[0186] Further examples of chitooligoosaccharides (and derivatives
thereof) that may be useful in compositions of the present
invention are provided below as structures XXXVI-XXXIX:
##STR00036##
[0187] COs (and derivatives thereof) may be utilized in various
forms of purity and may be used alone or in the form of a culture
of CO-producing bacteria or fungi. For the purposes of some
embodiments, recombinant COs suitable for use are least 60% pure,
e.g., at least 60% pure, at least 65% pure, at least 70% pure, at
least 75% pure, at least 80% pure, at least 85% pure, at least 90%
pure, at least 91% pure, at least 92% pure, at least 93% pure, at
least 94% pure, at least 95% pure, at least 96% pure, at least 97%
pure, at least 98% pure, at least 99% pure, up to 100% pure.
[0188] It is to be understood that compositions of the present
invention may comprise hydrates, isomers, salts, and/or solvates of
COs.
[0189] Thus, in some embodiments, compositions of the present
invention comprise one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight,
nine, ten, or more COs represented by one or more of formulas
XXXIV-XXXV and/or structures XXXVI-XXXIX and/or one, two, three,
four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or more analogues,
derivatives, hydrates, isomers, salts, and/or solvates of COs
represented by one or more of formulas XXXIV-XXXV and/or structures
XXXVI-XXXIX.
[0190] In some embodiments, the compositions described herein
comprise about 1.times.10.sup.-20 M to about 1.times.10.sup.-1 M
CO. For example, the compositions described herein may comprise
about 1.times.10.sup.-20 M, 1.times.10.sup.-19 M,
1.times.10.sup.-18 M, 1.times.10.sup.-17 M, 1.times.10.sup.-16 M,
1.times.10.sup.-15 M, 1.times.10.sup.-14 M, 1.times.10.sup.-13 M,
1.times.10.sup.-12 M, 1.times.10.sup.-11 M, 1.times.10.sup.-10 M,
1.times.10.sup.-9 M, 1.times.10.sup.-8M, 1.times.10.sup.-7 M,
1.times.10.sup.-6 M, 1.times.10.sup.-5 M, 1.times.10.sup.-4 M,
1.times.10.sup.-3 M, 1.times.10.sup.-2 M, 1.times.10.sup.-1 M of
one or more COs. In some preferred embodiments, the CO
concentration is 1.times.10.sup.-14 M to 1.times.10.sup.-5 M,
1.times.10.sup.-12 M to 1.times.10.sup.-6 M, or 1.times.10.sup.-10
M to 1.times.10.sup.-7 M. In some preferred embodiments, the CO
concentration is 1.times.10.sup.-14 M to 1.times.10.sup.-5 M,
1.times.10.sup.-12 M to 1.times.10.sup.-6 M, or 1.times.10.sup.-10
M to 1.times.10.sup.-7 M.
[0191] Chitinous Compounds:
[0192] Chitins and chitosans, which are major components of the
cell walls of fungi and the exoskeletons of insects and
crustaceans, are also composed of GlcNAc residues. Chitinous
compounds include chitin, (IUPAC:
N-[5-[[3-acetylamino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2yl]methoxymethy-
l]-2-[[5-acetylamino-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethypoxan-3-yl]methoxymethyl-
]-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethypoxan-3-ys]ethanamide), chitosan,
(IUPAC:
5-amino-6-[5-amino-6-[5-amino-4,6-dihydroxy-2(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-
-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethypoxan-3-yl]oxy-2(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol),
and isomers, salts, and solvates thereof.
[0193] Certain chitins and chitosan compounds may be obtained
commercially, e.g., from Sigma-Aldrich, or prepared from insects,
crustacean shells, or fungal cell walls. Methods for the
preparation of chitin and chitosan are known in the art, and have
been described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,536,207
(preparation from crustacean shells), Pochanavanich, et al., Lett.
Appl. Microbiol. 35:17-21 (2002) (preparation from fungal cell
walls), and U.S. Pat. No. 5,965,545 (preparation from crab shells
and hydrolysis of commercial chitosan). Deacetylated chitins and
chitosans may be obtained that range from less than 35% to greater
than 90% deacetylation, and cover a broad spectrum of molecular
weights, e.g., low molecular weight chitosan oligomers of less than
15 kD and chitin oligomers of 0.5 to 2 kD; "practical grade"
chitosan with a molecular weight of about 15 kD; and high molecular
weight chitosan of up to 70 kD. Certain chitin and chitosan
compositions formulated for seed treatment are also commercially
available. Commercial products include, for example, ELEXA.RTM.
(Plant Defense Boosters, Inc.) and BEYOND.TM. (Agrihouse,
Inc.).
[0194] Flavonoids:
[0195] Flavonoids are phenolic compounds having the general
structure of two aromatic rings connected by a three-carbon bridge.
Flavonoids are produced by plants and have many functions, e.g., as
beneficial signaling molecules, and as protection against insects,
animals, fungi and bacteria. Classes of flavonoids include are
known in the art. See, Jain, et al., J. Plant Biochem. &
Biotechnol. 11:1-10 (2002); Shaw, et al., Environmental Microbiol.
11:1867-80 (2006). Flavonoid compounds are commercially available,
e.g., from Novozymes BioAg, Saskatoon, Canada; Natland
International Corp., Research Triangle Park, N.C.; MP Biomedicals,
Irvine, Calif.; LC Laboratories, Woburn Mass. Flavonoid compounds
may be isolated from plants or seeds, e.g., as described in U.S.
Pat. Nos. 5,702,752; 5,990,291; and 6,146,668. Flavonoid compounds
may also be produced by genetically engineered organisms, such as
yeast, as described in Ralston, et al., Plant Physiology
137:1375-88 (2005). Flavonoid compounds are intended to include all
flavonoid compounds as well as isomers, salts, and solvates
thereof.
[0196] The at least one flavonoid may be a natural flavonoid (i.e.,
not synthetically produced), a synthetic flavonoid (e.g., a
chemically synthesized flavonoid) or a combination thereof. In a
particular embodiment, the compositions described herein may
further comprise a flavanol, a flavone, an anthocyanidin, an
isoflavonoid, a neoflavonoid and combinations thereof, including
all isomer, solvate, hydrate, polymorphic, crystalline form,
non-crystalline form, and salt variations thereof.
[0197] In an embodiment, the compositions described herein may
comprise at least one flavanol. In still another embodiment, the
compositions described herein may comprise at least one flavanol
selected from the group consisting of flavan-3-ols (e.g., catechin
(C), gallocatechin (GC), catechin 3-gallate (Cg), gallcatechin
3-gallate (GCg), epicatechins (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC)
epicatechin 3-gallate (ECg), epigallcatechin 3-gallate (EGCg),
etc.), flavan-4-ols, flavan-3,4-diols (e.g., leucoanthocyanidin),
proanthocyanidins (e.g., includes dimers, trimer, oligomers, or
polymers of flavanols), and combinations thereof. In still yet
another embodiment, the compositions described herein may comprise
at least one flavanol selected from the group consisting of
catechin (C), gallocatechin (GC), catechin 3-gallate (Cg),
gallcatechin 3-gallate (GCg), epicatechins (EC), epigallocatechin
(EGC) epicatechin 3-gallate (ECg), epigallcatechin 3-gallate
(EGCg), flavan-4-ol, leucoanthocyanidin, and dimers, trimers,
olilgomers or polymers thereof.
[0198] In another embodiment, the compositions described herein may
comprise at least one flavone. In still another embodiment, the
compositions described herein may comprise at least one flavone
selected from the group consisting of flavones (e.g., luteolin,
apigenin, tangeritin, etc.), flavonols (e.g., quercetin,
quercitrin, rutin, kaempferol, kaempferitrin, astragalin,
sophoraflavonoloside, myricetin, fisetin, isorhamnetin, pachypodol,
rhamnazin, etc.), flavanones (e.g. hesperetin, hesperidin,
naringenin, eriodictyol, homoeriodictyol, etc.), and flavanonols
(e.g., dihydroquercetin, dihydrokaempferol, etc.). In still yet
another embodiment, the compositions described herein may comprise
at least one flavone selected from the group consisting of
luteolin, apigenin, tangeritin, quercetin, quercitrin, rutin,
kaempferol, kaempferitrin, astragalin, sophoraflavonoloside,
myricetin, fisetin, isorhamnetin, pachypodol, rhamnazin,
hesperetin, hesperidin, naringenin, eriodictyol, homoeriodictyol,
dihydroquercetin, dihydrokaempferol, and combinations thereof.
[0199] In still another embodiment, the compositions described
herein may comprise at least one anthocyanidin. In yet another
embodiment, the compositions described herein may comprise at least
one anthocyanidin selected from the group consisting of cyanidins,
delphinidins, malvidins, pelargonidins, peonidins, petunidins, and
combinations thereof.
[0200] In another embodiment, the compositions described herein may
comprise at least one isoflavonoid. In still yet another
embodiment, the compositions described herein comprise at least one
isoflavonoid selected from the group consisting of phytoestrogens,
isoflavones (e.g., genistein, daidzein, glycitein, etc.), and
isoflavanes (e.g., equol, lonchocarpane, laxiflorane, etc.), and
combinations thereof. In yet another embodiment the compositions
described herein may comprise at least one isoflavonoid selected
from the group consisting of genistein, daidzein, glycitein, equol,
lonchocarpane, laxiflorane, and combinations thereof.
[0201] In another embodiment, the compositions described herein may
comprise at least one neoflavonoid. In yet another embodiment, the
compositions described herein may comprise at least one
neoflavonoid selected from the group consisting of neoflavones
(e.g., calophyllolide), neoflavenes (e.g., dalbergichromene),
coutareagenins, dalbergins, nivetins, and combinations thereof. In
still yet another embodiment, the compositions described herein may
comprise at least one neoflavonoid selected from the group
consisting of calophyllolide, dalbergichromene, coutareagenin,
dalbergin, nivetin, and combinations thereof.
[0202] In another embodiment, the compositions described herein may
comprise one or flavonoids selected from the group consisting of
catechin (C), gallocatechin (GC), catechin 3-gallate (Cg),
gallcatechin 3-gallate (GCg), epicatechins (EC), epigallocatechin
(EGC) epicatechin 3-gallate (ECg), epigallcatechin 3-gallate
(EGCg), flavan-4-ol, leucoanthocyanidin, proanthocyanidins,
luteolin, apigenin, tangeritin, quercetin, quercitrin, rutin,
kaempferol, kaempferitrin, astragalin, sophoraflavonoloside,
myricetin, fisetin, isorhamnetin, pachypodol, rhamnazin,
hesperetin, hesperidin, naringenin, eriodictyol, homoeriodictyol,
dihydroquercetin, dihydrokaempferol, cyanidins, delphinidins,
malvidins, pelargonidins, peonidins, petunidins, genistein,
daidzein, glycitein, equol, lonchocarpane, laxiflorane,
calophyllolide, dalbergichromene, coutareagenin, dalbergin,
nivetin, and combinations thereof. In still another embodiment, the
compositions described herein may comprise at least one flavonoid
selected from the group consisting of hesperetin, hesperidin,
naringenin, genistein, daidzein, and combinations thereof. In a
particular embodiment, the composition described herein may
comprise the flavonoid hesperetin. In another particular
embodiment, the composition described herein may comprise the
flavonoid hesperidin.
[0203] In still another particular embodiment, the composition
described herein may comprise the flavonoid naringenin. In still
yet another particular embodiment, the composition described herein
may comprise the flavonoid genistein. In yet still another
particular embodiment, the composition described herein may
comprise the flavonoid daidzein.
[0204] Non-Flavonoid Nod-Gene Inducer(s):
[0205] Jasmonic acid (JA,
[1R-[1.alpha.,2.beta.(Z)]]-3-oxo-2-(pentenyl)cyclopentaneacetic
acid) and its derivatives, linoleic acid
((Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid) and its derivatives, and
linolenic acid ((Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid) and its
derivatives, may also be used in the compositions described herein.
Non-flavonoid nod-gene inducers are intended to include not only
the non-flavonoid nod-gene inducers described herein, but isomers,
salts, and solvates thereof.
[0206] Jasmonic acid and its methyl ester, methyl jasmonate (MeJA),
collectively known as jasmonates, are octadecanoid-based compounds
that occur naturally in plants. Jasmonic acid is produced by the
roots of wheat seedlings, and by fungal microorganisms such as
Botryodiplodia theobromae and Gibbrella fujikuroi, yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and pathogenic and non-pathogenic
strains of Escherichia coli. Linoleic acid and linolenic acid are
produced in the course of the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid.
Jasmonates, linoleic acid and linolenic acid (and their
derivatives) are reported to be inducers of nod gene expression or
LCO production by rhizobacteria. See, e.g., Mabood,
Fazli,Jasmonates induce the expression of nod genes in
Bradyrhizobium japonicum, May 17, 2001; and Mabood, Fazli,
"Linoleic and linolenic acid induce the expression of nod genes in
Bradyrhizobium japonicum," USDA 3, May 17, 2001.
[0207] Useful derivatives of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and
jasmonic acid that may be useful in compositions of the present
disclosure include esters, amides, glycosides and salts.
Representative esters are compounds in which the carboxyl group of
linoleic acid, linolenic acid, or jasmonic acid has been replaced
with a --COR group, where R is an --OR.sup.1 group, in which
R.sup.1 is: an alkyl group, such as a C.sub.1-C.sub.8 unbranched or
branched alkyl group, e.g., a methyl, ethyl or propyl group; an
alkenyl group, such as a C.sub.2-C.sub.8 unbranched or branched
alkenyl group; an alkynyl group, such as a C.sub.2-C.sub.8
unbranched or branched alkynyl group; an aryl group having, for
example, 6 to 10 carbon atoms; or a heteroaryl group having, for
example, 4 to 9 carbon atoms, wherein the heteroatoms in the
heteroaryl group can be, for example, N, O, P, or S. Representative
amides are compounds in which the carboxyl group of linoleic acid,
linolenic acid, or jasmonic acid has been replaced with a --COR
group, where R is an NR.sup.2R.sup.3 group, in which R.sup.2 and
R.sup.3 are independently: hydrogen; an alkyl group, such as a
C.sub.1-C.sub.8 unbranched or branched alkyl group, e.g., a methyl,
ethyl or propyl group; an alkenyl group, such as a C.sub.2-C.sub.8
unbranched or branched alkenyl group; an alkynyl group, such as a
C.sub.2-C.sub.8 unbranched or branched alkynyl group; an aryl group
having, for example, 6 to 10 carbon atoms; or a heteroaryl group
having, for example, 4 to 9 carbon atoms, wherein the heteroatoms
in the heteroaryl group can be, for example, N, O, P, or S. Esters
may be prepared by known methods, such as acid-catalyzed
nucleophilic addition, wherein the carboxylic acid is reacted with
an alcohol in the presence of a catalytic amount of a mineral acid.
Amides may also be prepared by known methods, such as by reacting
the carboxylic acid with the appropriate amine in the presence of a
coupling agent such as dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC), under
neutral conditions. Suitable salts of linoleic acid, linolenic
acid, and jasmonic acid include e.g., base addition salts. The
bases that may be used as reagents to prepare metabolically
acceptable base salts of these compounds include those derived from
cations such as alkali metal cations (e.g., potassium and sodium)
and alkaline earth metal cations (e.g., calcium and magnesium).
These salts may be readily prepared by mixing together a solution
of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, or jasmonic acid with a solution
of the base. The salt may be precipitated from solution and be
collected by filtration or may be recovered by other means such as
by evaporation of the solvent.
[0208] Karrikin(s):
[0209] Karrikins are vinylogous 4H-pyrones e.g.,
2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-ones including derivatives and analogues
thereof. It is intended that the karrikins include isomers, salts,
and solvates thereof. Examples of these compounds are represented
by the following structure:
##STR00037##
in which; Z is O, S or NR.sub.5; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and
R.sub.4 are each independently H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl,
benzyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, phenyloxy, benzyloxy, CN,
COR.sub.6, COOR.dbd., halogen, NR.sub.6R.sub.7, or NO.sub.2; and
R.sub.5, R.sub.6, and R.sub.7 are each independently H, alkyl or
alkenyl, or a biologically acceptable salt thereof. Examples of
biologically acceptable salts of these compounds may include acid
addition salts formed with biologically acceptable acids, examples
of which include hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulphate or
bisulphate, phosphate or hydrogen phosphate, acetate, benzoate,
succinate, fumarate, maleate, lactate, citrate, tartrate,
gluconate; methanesulphonate, benzenesulphonate and
p-toluenesulphonic acid. Additional biologically acceptable metal
salts may include alkali metal salts, with bases, examples of which
include the sodium and potassium salts. Examples of compounds
embraced by the structure and which may be suitable for use in the
present disclosure include the following:
3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (where R.sub.1.dbd.CH.sub.3,
R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4.dbd.H), 2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (where
R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4.dbd.H),
7-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (where R.sub.1, R.sub.2,
R.sub.4.dbd.H, R.sub.3.dbd.CH.sub.3),
5-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (where R.sub.1, R.sub.2,
R.sub.3.dbd.H, R.sub.4.dbd.CH.sub.3),
3,7-dimethyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (where R.sub.1,
R.sub.3.dbd.CH.sub.3, R.sub.2, R.sub.4.dbd.H),
3,5-dimethyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (where R.sub.1,
R.sub.4.dbd.CH.sub.3, R.sub.2, R.sub.3.dbd.H),
3,5,7-trimethyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (where R.sub.1, R.sub.3,
R.sub.4.dbd.CH.sub.3, R.sub.2.dbd.H),
5-methoxymethyl-3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (where
R.sub.1.dbd.CH.sub.3, R.sub.2, R.sub.3.dbd.H,
R.sub.4.dbd.CH.sub.2OCH.sub.3),
4-bromo-3,7-dimethyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (where R.sub.1,
R.sub.3.dbd.CH.sub.3, R.sub.2.dbd.Br, R.sub.4.dbd.H),
3-methylfuro[2,3-c]pyridin-2(3H)-one (where Z=NH,
R.sub.1.dbd.CH.sub.3, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4.dbd.H),
3,6-dimethylfuro[2,3-c]pyridin-2(6H)-one (where Z.dbd.N--CH.sub.3,
R.sub.1.dbd.CH.sub.3, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4=1.sup.-1). See,
U.S. Pat. No. 7,576,213. These molecules are also known as
karrikins. See, Halford, "Smoke Signals," in Chem. Eng. News (Apr.
12, 2010), at pages 37-38 (reporting that karrikins or butenolides
which are contained in smoke act as growth stimulants and spur seed
germination after a forest fire, and can invigorate seeds such as
corn, tomatoes, lettuce and onions that had been stored). These
molecules are the subject of U.S. Pat. No. 7,576,213.
[0210] Nutrient(s):
[0211] In still another embodiment, the compositions described
herein may further comprise at least one beneficial nutrient.
Non-limiting examples of nutrients for use in the compositions
described herein include vitamins, (e.g., vitamin A, vitamin B
complex (i.e., vitamin B.sub.1, vitamin B.sub.2, vitamin B.sub.3,
vitamin B.sub.5, vitamin B.sub.6, vitamin B.sub.7, vitamin B.sub.8,
vitamin B.sub.9, vitamin B.sub.12, choline) vitamin C, vitamin D,
vitamin E, vitamin K, carotenoids (.alpha.-carotene,
.beta.-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene, zeaxanthin,
etc.), macrominerals (e.g., phosphorous, calcium, magnesium,
potassium, sodium, iron, etc.), trace minerals (e.g., boron,
cobalt, chloride, chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron,
manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, etc.), organic acids (e.g.,
acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic aclid, taurine, etc.),
and combinations thereof. In a particular embodiment, the
compositions may comprise phosphorous, boron, chlorine, copper,
iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc or combinations thereof.
[0212] Gluconolactones:
[0213] In at least one embodiment, the compositions disclosed
herein may comprise at least one gluconolactone. Alternatively, the
at least one gluconolactone may be applied either simultaneously or
applied sequentially, with the compositions disclosed herein. The
at least one gluconolactone may be a natural gluconolactones (i.e.,
not synthetically produced), a synthetic glutathione (e.g., a
chemically synthesized gluconolactones) or a combination thereof.
The at least one gluconolactone may also be in any form (e.g.,
oxidized, reduced, or a combination of oxidized and reduced
species).
[0214] In one embodiment, the at least one gluconolactone has the
molecular formula 0.sub.6H.sub.100.sub.6 and a molar mass of about
178.14 g mol.sup.-1. In another embodiment, the at least one
gluconolactone may comprise gluconolactones having the
structure:
##STR00038##
and isomers, salts, and solvates thereof.
[0215] Glutathiones:
[0216] In at least one embodiment, the compositions disclosed
herein may comprise at least one glutathione. Alternatively, the at
least one glutathione may be applied either simultaneously or
applied sequentially, with the compositions disclosed herein. The
at least one glutathione may be a natural glutathione (i.e., not
synthetically produced), a synthetic glutathione (e.g., a
chemically synthesized glutathione) or a combination thereof. The
at least one glutathione may also be in any form (e.g., oxidized,
reduced, or a combination of oxidized and reduced species).
[0217] In one embodiment, the at least one glutathione has the
molecular formula C.sub.10H.sub.17N.sub.3O.sub.6S and a molar mass
of about 307.32 g mol.sup.-1. In another embodiment, the at least
one glutathione may comprise glutathiones having the structure:
##STR00039##
and isomers, salts, and solvates thereof.
[0218] Biostimulant(s):
[0219] In one embodiment, the compositions described herein may
further comprise at least one biostimulant. Biostimulants may
enhance metabolic or physiological processes such as respiration,
photosynthesis, nucleic acid uptake, ion uptake, nutrient delivery,
or a combination thereof. Non-limiting examples of biostimulants
include seaweed extracts (e.g., ascophyllum nodosum), humic acids
(e.g., potassium humate), fulvic acids, myo-inositol, glycine, and
combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the compositions
comprise seaweed extracts, humic acids, fulvic acids, myo-inositol,
glycine, and combinations thereof.
[0220] Formulations
[0221] The compositions disclosed herein may be formulated for
various agricultural applications (e.g., seed coating formulations,
foliar applications, in-furrow applications, drench applications,
etc.). The compositions described herein may be formulated with at
least one additional agricultural excipient to achieve a particular
purpose (e.g., to coat seeds, for foliar applications, for
dilution, etc.).
[0222] Additional Agricultural Excipients:
[0223] Formulations of compositions disclosed herein may further
comprise at least one additional agricultural excipient.
Non-limiting examples of agriculturally excipients include carriers
(e.g., agronomically acceptable carriers), polymers, wetting
agents, surfactants, anti-freezing agents, and combinations
thereof. In an embodiment, the formulations described herein
comprise at least one LCO compound, at least one agriculturally
beneficial agent selected from the group consisting of at least one
pesticide, at least one beneficial microorganism, at least one
additional agricultural excipient, and combinations thereof. In a
more particular embodiment, the formulations comprise at least one
LCO compound, at least one agriculturally beneficial agent selected
from the group consisting of at least one fungicides, at least one
herbicide, at least one insecticide, at least one acaricide, at
leaste one nematicide, at least one beneficial microorganism, at
least one additional agricultural excipient, and combinations
thereof and.
[0224] Carriers:
[0225] In certain embodiments, formulations may further comprise a
carrier. The carriers described herein will allow the at least one
agriculturally beneficial agent to remain efficacious (e.g.,
capable of increasing plant growth). Non-limiting examples of
carriers described herein include liquids, gels, slurries, or
solids (including wettable powders or dry powders). The selection
of the carrier material will depend on the intended application.
The carrier may, for example, be a soil-compatible carrier, a
seed-compatible carrier, and/or a foliar-compatible carrier.
[0226] In one embodiment, the carrier is a liquid carrier.
Non-limiting examples of liquids useful as carriers for the
compositions disclosed herein include water, an organic solvent,an
aqueous solution, or a non-aqueous solution. In an embodiment the
carrier is an organic solvent. In another embodiment the carrier is
an aqueous solution. In another embodiment, the carrier is a
non-aqueous solution. In a particular embodiment the carrier is
water.
[0227] If a liquid carrier is used, the liquid carrier may further
include growth media to culture beneficial microorganimsms used in
the compositions described. Non-limiting examples of suitable
growth media for microbial strains include YEM media, mannitol
yeast extract, glycerol yeast extract, Czapek-Dox medium, potato
dextrose broth, or any media known to those skilled in the art to
be compatible with, and/or provide growth nutrients to microbial
strain which may be included to the compositions described
herein.
[0228] Polymer(s):
[0229] In one embodiment, formulations of the compositions
described herein may further comprise at least one polymer.
Non-limiting uses of polymers in the agricultural industry include
agrochemical delivery, heavy metal removal, water retention and/or
water delivery, and combinations thereof. Pouci, et al., Am. J.
Agri. & Biol. Sci., 3(1):299-314 (2008). In one embodiment, the
at least one polymer is a natural polymer (e.g., agar, starch,
alginate, pectin, cellulose, etc.), a synthetic polymer, a
biodegradable polymer (e.g., polycaprolactone, polylactide, poly
(vinyl alcohol), etc.), or a combination thereof.
[0230] For a non-limiting list of polymers useful for formulations
of the compositions described herein, see Pouci, et al., Am. J.
Agri. & Biol. Sci., 3(1):299-314 (2008). In one embodiment,
formulations of the compositions described herein comprise
cellulose, cellulose derivatives, methylcellulose, methylcellulose
derivatives, starch, agar, alginate, pectin, polyvinylpyrrolidone,
and combinations thereof.
[0231] Wetting Agent(s):
[0232] In one embodiment, formulations of the compositions
described herein may further comprise at least one wetting agent.
Wetting agents are commonly used on soils, particularly hydrophobic
soils, to improve the infiltration and/or penetration of water into
a soil. The wetting agent may be an adjuvant, oil, surfactant,
buffer, acidifier, or combination thereof. In an embodiment, the
wetting agent is a surfactant. Surfactants suitable as wetting
agents for formulating the compositions described herein are
provided in the "Surfactants" section.
[0233] Surfactant(s):
[0234] Surfactants suitable for formulations of the compositions
described herein may be non-ionic surfactants (e.g., semi-polar
and/or anionic and/or cationic and/or zwitterionic). The
surfactants can wet and emulsify soil(s) and/or dirt(s). It is
envisioned that the surfactants used for formulating the
compositions described herein have low toxicity for any
microorganisms contained within the formulation. It is further
envisioned that the surfactants used for formulating the
compositions described herein have a low phytotoxicity (i.e., the
degree of toxicity a substance or combination of substances has on
a plant). A single surfactant or a blend of several surfactants can
be used.
[0235] Anionic Surfactants
[0236] Anionic surfactants or mixtures of anionic and nonionic
surfactants may also be used in the compositions. Anionic
surfactants are surfactants having a hydrophilic moiety in an
anionic or negatively charged state in aqueous solution. The
formulations of the compositions described herein may comprise at
least one anionic surfactant. The anionic surfactant(s) may be
either water soluble anionic surfactants, water insoluble anionic
surfactants, or a combination of water soluble anionic surfactants
and water insoluble anionic surfactants. Non-limiting examples of
anionic surfactants include sulfonic acids, sulfuric acid esters,
carboxylic acids, and salts thereof. Non-limiting examples of water
soluble anionic surfactants include alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether
sulfates, alkyl amido ether sulfates, alkyl aryl polyether
sulfates, alkyl aryl sulfates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, monoglyceride
sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl amide sulfonates, alkyl aryl
sulfonates, benzene sulfonates, toluene sulfonates, xylene
sulfonates, cumene sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl
diphenyloxide sulfonate, alpha-olefin sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene
sulfonates, paraffin sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, alkyl
sulfosuccinates, ethoxylated sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether
sulfosuccinates, alkylamide sulfosuccinates, alkyl
sulfosuccinamate, alkyl sulfoacetates, alkyl phosphates, phosphate
ester, alkyl ether phosphates, acyl sarconsinates, acyl
isethionates, N-acyl taurates, N-acyl-N-alkyltaurates, alkyl
carboxylates, or a combination thereof.
[0237] Nonionic Surfactants
[0238] Nonionic surfactants are surfactants having no electrical
charge when dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous medium. In at
least one embodiment of the formulations of compositions herein, at
least one nonionic surfactant may be used to provide the desired
wetting and emulsification actions and do not significantly inhibit
spore stability and activity. The nonionic surfactant(s) may be
either water soluble nonionic surfactants, water insoluble nonionic
surfactants, or a combination of water soluble nonionic surfactants
and water insoluble nonionic surfactants.
[0239] Water Insoluble Nonionic Surfactants
[0240] Non-limiting examples of water insoluble nonionic
surfactants include alkyl and aryl: glycerol ethers, glycol ethers,
ethanolam ides, sulfoanylamides, alcohols, amides, alcohol
ethoxylates, glycerol esters, glycol esters, ethoxylates of
glycerol ester and glycol esters, sugar-based alkyl polyglycosides,
polyoxyethylenated fatty acids, alkanolamine condensates,
alkanolamides, tertiary acetylenic glycols, polyoxyethylenated
mercaptans, carboxylic acid esters, polyoxyethylenated
polyoxyproylene glycols, sorbitan fatty esters, or combinations
thereof. Also included are EO/PO block copolymers (EO is ethylene
oxide, PO is propylene oxide), EO polymers and copolymers,
polyamines, and polyvinylpynolidones.
[0241] Water Soluble Nonionic Surfactants
[0242] Non-limiting examples of water soluble nonionic surfactants
include sorbitan fatty acid alcohol ethoxylates and sorbitan fatty
acid ester ethoxylates.
[0243] Combination of Nonionic Surfactants
[0244] In one embodiment formulations of the compositionsdescribed
herein comprise at least at least one nonionic surfactant. In one
embodiment, the compositions comprise at least one water insoluble
nonionic surfactant and at least one water soluble nonionic
surfactant. In still another embodiment, formulations of the
compositions described herein comprise a combination of nonionic
surfactants having hydrocarbon chains of substantially the same
length.
[0245] Other Surfactants
[0246] In another embodiment, formulations of the compositions
described herein may also comprise organosilicone surfactants,
silicone-based antifoams used as surfactants in silicone-based and
mineral-oil based antifoams. In yet another embodiment,
formulations of the compositions described herein may also comprise
alkali metal salts of fatty acids (e.g., water soluble alkali metal
salts of fatty acids and/or water insoluble alkali metal salts of
fatty acids).
[0247] Anti-Freezing Agent(s):
[0248] In one embodiment, formulations of the compositions
described herein may further comprise at least one anti-freezing
agent. Non-limiting examples of anti-freezing agents include
ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea, glycerin, and combinations
thereof.
[0249] Packages/Kits
[0250] In another aspect packages comprising the compositions and
formulations disclosed herein are disclosed. In an embodiment, the
package comprises a first container and at least a second
container. The first container comprises at least one
lipo-chitooligosaccharide (LCO), and as necessary, formulated with
suitable agricultural excipients (agronomically acceptable
carriers, polymers, wetting agents, surfactants, anti-freezing
agents, etc.). The at least second container comprises at least one
agriculturally beneficial ingredient, and as necessary, formulated
with suitable agricultural excipients (agronomically acceptable
carriers, polymers, wetting agents, surfactants, anti-freezing
agents, etc.). The contents present in the first and second
containers respectively, are present in an amount effective to
enhance plant growth.
[0251] In particular embodiments, the second container comprises at
least one agriculturally beneficial ingredient selected from the
group consisting of fungicides, herbicides, insecticides,
acaricides, nematicides, beneficial microorganisms, and
combinations thereof. In a particular embodiment, the second
container comprises at least one fungicide. In another embodiment,
the second container comprises at least one herbicide. In another
embodiment, the second container comprises at least one
insecticide. In another embodiment, the second container comprises
at least one acaricide. In another embodiment, the second container
comprises at least one nematicide. In another embodiment, the
second container comprises at least one beneficial
microorganism.
[0252] In some embodiments, the package may comprise additional
containers. That is, the package may include more than two
containers (i.e., three containers, four containers, five
containers, six containers, seven containers, eight containers,
nine containers, ten containers, etc.) wherein the additional
containers may include any agriculturally beneficial ingredient or
agricultural excipient (e.g., for formulating the contents of the
packages, etc.) described herein.
[0253] Methods
[0254] In another aspect, methods of using the compositions to
increase and/or enhance plant growth are disclosed. The method
includes enhancing the growth of a plant or plant part comprising
contacting a plant or plant part with at least one
lipo-chitooligosaccharide compound (LCOs), as described herein, and
at least one agriculturally beneficial ingredient. In a particular
embodiment, the method includes enhancing the growth of a plant or
plant part comprising contacting a plant or plant part with at
least one lipo-chitooligosaccharide compound (LCOs), as described
herein, and at least one agriculturally beneficial agent selected
from the group consisting of at least one pesticide (e.g.,
fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides,
etc.), at least one beneficial microorganism, and combinations
thereof.
[0255] The contacting step can be performed by any method known in
the art (including both foliar and non-foliar applications).
Non-limiting examples of contacting the plant or plant part include
spraying a plant or plant part, drenching a plant or plant part,
dripping on a plant or plant part, dusting a plant or plant part,
and/or coating a seed. In one embodiment, the contacting step is
repeated (e.g., more than once, as in the contacting step is
repeated twice, three times, four times, five times, six times,
seven times, eight times, nine times, ten times, etc.).
[0256] The amount of the at least one LCO effective to enhance
plant growth according to the methods described herein, when
expressed in units of concentration, generally ranges from about
10.sup.-5 to about 10.sup.-14 M (molar concentration), and in some
embodiments, from about 10.sup.-5 to about 10.sup.-11 M, and in
some other embodiments from about 10.sup.-7 to about 10.sup.-8 M.
Expressed in units of weight, the effective amount generally ranges
from about 1 to about 400 .mu.g/hundred weight (cwt) seed, and in
some embodiments from about 2 to about 70 .mu.g/cwt, and in some
other embodiments, from about 2.5 to about 3.0 .mu.g/cwt seed.
[0257] For purposes of contacting a plant or plant part indirectly
(e.g., in-furrow treatment), the effective amount of the at least
one LCO generally ranges from 1 .mu.g/acre to about 70 .mu.g/acre,
and in some embodiments, from about 50 .mu.g/acre to about 60
.mu.g/acre. For purposes of contacting a plant or plant part
directly (e.g., foliar application), the effective amount of the at
least one LCO generally ranges from 1 .mu.g/acre to about 30
.mu.g/acre, and in some embodiments, from about 11 .mu.g/acre to
about 20 .mu.g/acre.
[0258] In particular embodiments, the contacting step includes
contacting a plant or plant part with at least one of the
compositions described herein. For example, the contacting step may
comprise contacting a plant or plant part with an effective amount
of at least one of the compositions described herein.
[0259] In another aspect, the method comprises contacting the plant
or plant part with at least one LCO, as described herein, before,
after, and/or simultaneously with at least one agriculturally
beneficial agent.
[0260] In particular embodiments, the method comprises contacting
the plant or plant part with at least one LCO, as described herein,
before, after, and/or simultaneously with at least one
pesticide.
[0261] In particular embodiments, the method comprises contacting
the plant or plant part with at least one LCO, as described herein,
before, after, and/or simultaneously with at least one beneficial
microorganism.
[0262] In particular embodiments, the method comprises contacting
the plant or plant part with at least one LCO, as described herein,
before at least one fungicide contacts the plant or plant part. In
an embodiment, the method comprises contacting the plant or plant
part with at least one LCO, as described herein, before at least
one herbicide contacts the plant or plant part. In an embodiment,
the method comprises contacting the plant or plant part with at
least one LCO, as described herein, before at least one insecticide
contacts the plant or plant part. In an embodiment, the method
comprises contacting the plant or plant part with at least one LCO,
as described herein, before at least one acaricide contacts the
plant or plant part. In an embodiment, the method comprises
contacting the plant or plant part with at least one LCO, as
described herein, before at least one nematicide contacts the plant
or plant part. In an embodiment, the method comprises contacting
the plant or plant part with at least one LCO, as described herein,
before at least one beneficial microorganisms contact the plant or
plant part. In an embodiment, the method comprises contacting the
plant or plant part with at least one LCO, as described herein,
before at least one fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, acaricide,
nematicide, beneficial microorganism, and combinations thereof
contact the plant or plant part.
[0263] In particular embodiments, the method comprises contacting
the plant or plant part with at least one LCO, as described herein,
after at least one fungicide contacts the plant or plant part. In
an embodiment, the method comprises contacting the plant or plant
part with at least one LCO, as described herein, after at least one
herbicide contacts the plant or plant part. In an embodiment, the
method comprises contacting the plant or plant part with at least
one LCO, as described herein, after at least one insecticide
contacts the plant or plant part. In an embodiment, the method
comprises contacting the plant or plant part with at least one LCO,
as described herein, after at least one acaricide contacts the
plant or plant part. In an embodiment, the method comprises
contacting the plant or plant part with at least one LCO, as
described herein, after at least one nematicide contacts the plant
or plant part. In an embodiment, the method comprises contacting
the plant or plant part with at least one LCO, as described herein,
after at least one beneficial microorganism contact the plant or
plant part. In an embodiment, the method comprises contacting the
plant or plant part with at least one LCO, as described herein,
after at least one fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, acaricide,
nematicide, beneficial microorganism, and combinations thereof
contact the plant or plant part.
[0264] In particular embodiments, the method comprises contacting
the plant or plant part with at least one LCO, as described herein,
simultaneously with at least one fungicide. In an embodiment, the
method comprises contacting the plant or plant part with at least
one LCO, as described herein, simultaneously with at least one
herbicide. In an embodiment, the method comprises contacting the
plant or plant part with at least one LCO, as described herein,
simultaneously with at least one insecticide. In an embodiment, the
method comprises contacting the plant or plant part with at least
one LCO, as described herein, simultaneously with at least one
acaricide. In an embodiment, the method comprises contacting the
plant or plant part with at least one LCO, as described herein,
simultaneously with at least one nematicide. In an embodiment, the
method comprises contacting the plant or plant part with at least
one LCO, as described herein, simultaneously with at least one
beneficial microorganism. In an embodiment, the method comprises
contacting the plant or plant part with at least one LCO, as
described herein, simultaneously with at least one fungicide,
herbicide, insecticide, acaricide, nematicide, beneficial
microorganism, and combinations thereof.
[0265] In another aspect, a method for enhancing the growth of a
plant or plant part is described comprising treating a soil with at
least one lipo-chitooligosaccharide compound (LCOs), as described
herein, and at least one agriculturally beneficial ingredient and
growing a plant or plant part in the soil. In a particular
embodiment, the method includes enhancing the growth of a plant or
plant part comprising treating a soil with at least one
lipo-chitooligosaccharide compound (LCOs), as described herein, and
at least one agriculturally beneficial agents selected from the
group consisting of at least one pesticide (e.g., fungicides,
herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, etc.), at least
one beneficial microorganism, and combinations thereof, and growing
a plant or plant in the soil.
[0266] The treating step can be performed by any method known in
the art (including both foliar and non-foliar applications).
Non-limiting examples of treating the soil include spraying the
soil, drenching the soil, dripping onto the soil, and/or dusting
the soil. In one embodiment, the treating step is repeated (e.g.,
more than once, as in the treating step is repeated twice, three
times, four times, five times, six times, seven times, eight times,
nine times, ten times, etc.).
[0267] In a particular embodiment, the treating includes contacting
a soil with at least one of the compositions described herein. In
one embodiment, the treating step comprises contacting a soil with
an effective amount of at least one of the compositions described
herein.
[0268] In another aspect, the method comprises treating a soil with
at least one LCO, as described herein, before, after, or
simultaneously with at least one agriculturally beneficial
agent.
[0269] In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil with
at least one LCO, as described herein, before the at least one
agriculturally beneficial agent contacts the soil.
[0270] In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil with
at least one LCO, as described herein, before the at least one
pesticide contacts the soil.
[0271] In particular embodiments, the method comprises treating a
soil with at least one LCO, as described herein, before at least
one fungicide contacts the soil. In an embodiment, the method
comprises treating a soil with at least one LCO, as described
herein, before at least one herbicide contacts the soil. In an
embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil with at least one
LCO, as described herein, before at least one insecticide contacts
the soil. In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil
with at least one LCO, as described herein, before at least one
acaricide contacts the soil. In an embodiment, the method comprises
treating a soil with at least one LCO, as described herein, before
at least one nematicide contacts the soil. In an embodiment, the
method comprises treating a soil with at least one LCO, as
described herein, before at least one beneficial microorganisms
contact the soil. In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a
soil with at least one LCO, as described herein, before at least
one fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, acaricide, nematicide,
beneficial microorganism, and combinations thereof contact the
soil.
[0272] In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil with
at least one LCO, as described herein, after the at least one
agriculturally beneficial agent contacts the soil.
[0273] In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil with
at least one LCO, as described herein, after the at least one
pesticide contacts the soil.
[0274] In particular embodiments, the method comprises treating a
soil with at least one LCO, as described herein, after at least one
fungicide contacts the soil. In an embodiment, the method comprises
treating a soil with at least one LCO, as described herein, after
at least one herbicide contacts the soil. In an embodiment, the
method comprises treating a soil with at least one LCO, as
described herein, after at least one insecticide contacts the soil.
In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil with at
least one LCO, as described herein, after at least one acaricide
contacts the soil. In an embodiment, the method comprises treating
a soil with at least one LCO, as described herein, after at least
one nematicide contacts the soil. In an embodiment, the method
comprises treating a soil with at least one LCO, as described
herein, after at least one beneficial microorganisms contact the
soil. In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil with
at least one LCO, as described herein, after at least one
fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, acaricide, nematicide,
beneficial microorganism, and combinations thereof contact the
soil.
[0275] In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil with
at least one LCO, as described herein, simultaneously with at least
one agriculturally beneficial agent.
[0276] In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil with
at least one LCO, as described herein, simultaneously with at least
one pesticide.
[0277] In particular embodiments, the method comprises treating a
soil with at least one LCO, as described herein, simultaneously
with at least one fungicide. In an embodiment, the method comprises
treating a soil with at least one LCO, as described herein,
simultaneously with at least one herbicide. In an embodiment, the
method comprises treating a soil with at least one LCO, as
described herein, simultaneously with at least one insecticide. In
an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil with at least
one LCO, as described herein, simultaneously with at least one
acaricide. In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil
with at least one LCO, as described herein, simultaneously with at
least one nematicide. In an embodiment, the method comprises
treating a soil with at least one LCO, as described herein,
simultaneously with at least one beneficial microorganism. In an
embodiment, the method comprises treating a soil with at least one
LCO, as described herein, simultaneously with at least one
fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, acaricide, nematicide,
beneficial microorganism, and combinations thereof.
[0278] In a particular aspect, the method comprises treating a soil
with at least one LCO described herein before the at least one
fungicide, herbicide, pesticide, or beneficial microorganism
contacts the soil.
[0279] Further still, and according to the method described, the
soil treatment can occur at any time during the growth of the plant
or plant part. In one embodiment, the treating step occurs before
the plant or plant part begins to grow. In another embodiment, the
treating step occurs after the plant or plant part has started to
grow.
[0280] It is understood that planting a plant can occur before,
after, or during the soil treatment. In one embodiment, planting
occurs before the soil is treated. In another embodiment, planting
step occurs during soil treatment (e.g., the planting step occurs
simultaneously with the treating step, the planting step occurs
substantially simultaneous with the treating step, etc.). In still
another embodiment, planting step occurs after the soil is
treated.
[0281] The methods of the present disclosure are applicable to both
leguiminous and non-leguminous plants or plant parts. In a
particular embodiment the plants or plant parts are selected from
the group consisting of alfalfa, rice, wheat, barley, rye, oat,
cotton, canola, sunflower, peanut, corn, potato, sweet potato,
bean, pea, chickpeas, lentil, chicory, lettuce, endive, cabbage,
brussel sprout, beet, parsnip, turnip, cauliflower, broccoli,
turnip, radish, spinach, onion, garlic, eggplant, pepper, celery,
carrot, squash, pumpkin, zucchini, cucumber, apple, pear, melon,
citrus, strawberry, grape, raspberry, pineapple, soybean, tobacco,
tomato, sorghum, and sugarcane.
[0282] Seed Coatings
[0283] In another aspect, seeds are coated with at least one of the
compositions described herein.
[0284] In one embodiment, seeds may be treated with composition(s)
described herein in several ways but in one embodiment via spraying
or dripping. Spray and drip treatment may be conducted by
formulating compositions described herein and spraying or dripping
the composition(s) onto a seed(s) via a continuous treating system
(which is calibrated to apply treatment at a predefined rate in
proportion to the continuous flow of seed), such as a drum-type of
treater. Batch systems, in which a predetermined batch size of seed
and composition(s) as described herein are delivered into a mixer,
may also be employed. Systems and apparati for performing these
processes are commercially available from numerous suppliers, e.g.,
Bayer CropScience (Gustafson).
[0285] In another embodiment, the treatment entails coating seeds.
One such process involves coating the inside wall of a round
container with the composition(s) described herein, adding seeds,
then rotating the container to cause the seeds to contact the wall
and the composition(s), a process known in the art as "container
coating". Seeds can be coated by combinations of coating methods.
Soaking typically entails using liquid forms of the compositions
described. For example, seeds can be soaked for about 1 minute to
about 24 hours (e.g., for at least 1 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20
min, 30 min, 40 min, 45 min, 60 min, 75 min, 80 min, 90 min, 120
min, 3 hr, 6 hr, 12 hr, 24 hr, 48 hr, etc.).
[0286] Compositions and methods of the present invention are useful
for enhancing numerous aspects of plant growth and development.
[0287] In particular embodiments, compositions and methods of
present invention may be used to enhance the biomass, height, leaf
length, leaf mass, leaf number, leaf surface area, leaf volume,
nutrient uptake, root area, root diameter, root length, root mass,
root nodulation, root number, root surface area, root volume, seed
germination, seedling emergence, shoot diameter, shoot length,
shoot mass, shoot number, shoot surface area, shoot volume, spread,
and/or survival rate of a plant or plant part.
[0288] In particular embodiments, compositions and methods of
present invention may be used to synergsitcally enhance the
biomass, height, leaf length, leaf mass, leaf number, leaf surface
area, leaf volume, nutrient uptake, root area, root diameter, root
length, root mass, root nodulation, root number, root surface area,
root volume, seed germination, seedling emergence, shoot diameter,
shoot length, shoot mass, shoot number, shoot surface area, shoot
volume, spread, and/or survival rate of a plant or plant part.
[0289] Embodiments of the present invention are described in the
following numbered paragraphs:
[0290] 1. A composition comprising at least one
lipo-chitooligosaccharide (LCO) and at least one agriculturally
beneficial agent selected from the group consisting of pesticides,
agriculturally beneficial microorganisms, and combinations
thereof.
[0291] 2. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the at least one
LCO comprises one or more LCOs represented by the structure
(I):
##STR00040##
in which G is selected from the group consisting of hexosamine,
acetyl-substituted hexosamine, sulfated-substituted hexosamine, and
ether-subsititued hexosamine; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.5,
R.sub.6 and R.sub.7, which are identical or different, are selected
from the group consisting of H, CH.sub.3CO--, C.sub.xH.sub.yCO--, a
carbamoyl, and a carbamic acid, wherein x is an integer between 0
and 17, and y is an integer between 1 and 35; R.sub.4 is selected
from the group consisting of a saturated, monounsaturated,
diunsaturated or triunsaturated aliphatic chain containing at least
12 carbon atoms; and n is equal to 1, 2, 3, or 4.
[0292] 3. The composition of paragraph 2, wherein G represents
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine or N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulphate.
[0293] 4. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 3, wherein
the at least one LCO comprises one or more LCOs represented by the
structure (II):
##STR00041##
in which R is H or CH.sub.3CO--; and n is equal to 2 or 3.
[0294] 5. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 4, wherein
the at least one LCO comprises one or more LCOs represented by the
structure (III):
##STR00042##
in which R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of C14:0,
3OH-014:0, iso-C15:0, C16:0, 3-OH--C16:0, iso-C15:0, C16:1, C16:2,
C16:3, iso-C17:0, iso-C17:1, C18:0, 30H-018:0, 018:0/3-OH, C18:1,
OH-C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C18:4, C19:1 carbamoyl, C20:0, C20:1,
3-OH-020:1, 020:1/3-OH, C20:2, C20:3, C22:1, and
C18-26(.omega.-1)-OH (including the C18, C20, C22, C24 and C26
hydroxylated species thereof, and 016:1.DELTA.9, C16:2 (.DELTA.2,9)
and C16:3 (.DELTA.2,4,9)); R.sub.2 hydrogen or methyl; R.sub.3 is
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acetyl or
carbamoyl; R.sub.4 hydrogen, acetyl or carbamoyl; R.sub.5represents
hydrogen, acetyl or carbamoyl; R.sub.6 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, arabinosyl, fucosyl, acetyl, sulfate ester,
SO.sub.3H, 3-0-S-2-0-MeFuc, 2-0-MeFuc, and 4-0-AcFuc; R.sub.7 is
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, mannosyl or
glycerol; R.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, methyl, or --CH.sub.2OH; R.sub.9 is selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, arabinosyl, or fucosyl; R.sub.10 is
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, acetyl or fucosyl;
and n is equal to 0, 1, 2 or 3.
[0295] 6. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 5, wherein
the at least one LCO comprises one or more LCOs represented by the
structure (IV):
##STR00043##
in which R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of C16,
C16:0, C16:1, C16:2, C18:0, C18:1.DELTA.9Z or C18:1.DELTA.11Z;
R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or SO.sub.3H; and n is equal to 1 or
2.
[0296] 7. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 6, wherein
the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure
(V):
##STR00044##
[0297] 8. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 7, wherein
the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure
(VI):
##STR00045##
[0298] 9. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 8, wherein
the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure
(VII):
##STR00046##
[0299] 10. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 9, wherein
the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the structure
(VIII):
##STR00047##
[0300] 11. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 10,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (IX):
##STR00048##
[0301] 12. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 11,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (X):
##STR00049##
[0302] 13. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 12,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XI):
##STR00050##
[0303] 14. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 13,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XII):
##STR00051##
[0304] 15. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 14,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XIII):
##STR00052##
[0305] 16. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 15,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XIV):
##STR00053##
[0306] 17. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 16,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XV):
##STR00054##
[0307] 18. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 17,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XVI):
##STR00055##
[0308] 19. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 18,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XVII):
##STR00056##
[0309] 20. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 19,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XVIII):
##STR00057##
[0310] 21. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 20,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XIX):
##STR00058##
[0311] 22. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 21,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XX):
##STR00059##
[0312] 23. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 22,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XXI):
##STR00060##
[0313] 24. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 23,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XXII):
##STR00061##
[0314] 25. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 24,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XXIII):
##STR00062##
[0315] 26. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 25,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XXIV):
##STR00063##
[0316] 27. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 26,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XXV):
##STR00064##
[0317] 28. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 26,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XXVI):
##STR00065##
[0318] 29. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 28,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XXVII):
##STR00066##
[0319] 30. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 29,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XXVIII):
##STR00067##
[0320] 31. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 30,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XXIX):
##STR00068##
[0321] 32. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 31,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XXX):
##STR00069##
[0322] 33. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 32,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XXXI):
##STR00070##
[0323] 34. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 33,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XXXII):
##STR00071##
[0324] 35. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 34,
wherein the at least one LCO comprises an LCO represented by the
structure (XXXIII):
##STR00072##
[0325] 36. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the at least one
LCO compound comprises at least one synthetic LCO.
[0326] 37. The composition of paragraph 1, wherein the at least one
LCO comprises at least one recombinant LCO.
[0327] 38. The composition of paragraph 37, wherein the at least
one recombinant LCO has a purity of at least 60%.
[0328] 39. The composition of paragraph 37, wherein the at least
one recombinant LCO has a purity of at least 70%.
[0329] 40. The composition of paragraph 37, wherein the at least
one recombinant LCO has a purity of at least 80%.
[0330] 41. The composition of paragraph 37, wherein the at least
one recombinant LCO has a purity of at least 90%.
[0331] 42. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 41,
wherein the at least one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises
one or more fungicides, optionally one or more biological
fungicides and/or one or more chemical fungicides.
[0332] 43. The composition of paragraph 42, wherein the one or more
fungicides comprises one or more strains of Ampelomyces quisqualis,
Aspergillus flavus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Bacillus pumilus,
Bacillus sp., isolate AQ175, ATCC 55608, Bacillus sp., isolate
AQ177, ATCC 55609, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,
Bacillus thuringiensis, Candida oleophila, Candida saitoana,
Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata, Gliocladium catenulatum isolate
J1446, Coniothyrium minitans, Cryphonectria parasitica,
Cryptococcus albidus, Fusarium oxysporum, Metschnikowia fructicola,
Microdochium dimerum, Muscodor albus, Muscodor roseus, Phlebiopsis
gigantea, Pseudozyma flocculosa, Pythium oligandrum, Talaromyces
flavus, Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma atroviride, Trichoderma
harzianum, a mixture of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma
viride, a mixture of Trichoderma polysporum and Trichoderma
harzianum, Trichoderma stromaticum, Trichoderma virens, a mixture
of Trichoderma virens and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma
viride, Streptomyces sp. isolate NRRL No. B-30145, Streptomyces sp.
isolate M1064, Streptomyces galbus, Streptomyces violaceusniger,
Streptomyces WYE 53, and/or Ulocladium oudemansii.
[0333] 44. The composition of any one of paragraphs 42 to 43,
wherein the one or more fungicides comprises Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens FZB24; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolate NRRL
B-50349; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SB3778; Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens TJ1000; Bacillus pumilus isolate AQ717, NRRL
B-21662; Bacillus pumilus isolate NRRL B-30087; Bacillus subtilis
isolate AQ713, NRRL B-21661; Bacillus subtilis isolate AQ743, NRRL
B-21665; Bacillus thuringiensis isolate AQ52, NRRL B-21619; Candida
oleophila 1-82, Muscodor albus isolate NRRL 30547, Muscodor roseus
isolate NRRL 30548, Pythium oligandrum DV74, Talaromyces flavus
V117b, Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1, Trichoderma atroviride LC52,
Trichoderma harzianum T-22, Trichoderma harzianum TH-35,
Trichoderma harzianum T-39, Trichoderma harzianum 100012,
Trichoderma virens GL-21, Trichoderma virens G1-3, Trichoderma
virens G1-21, Trichoderma viride TV1, Trichoderma viride ICC080,
Streptomyces galbus isolate NRRL 30232, Streptomyces lydicus WYEC
108, Streptomyces violaceusniger YCED 9, and/or Ulocladium
oudemansii HRU3.
[0334] 45. The composition of paragraphs 45-46, wherein the at
least one fungicide comprises a mixture of Trichoderma harzianum
ICC012 and Trichoderma viride ICC080, a mixture of Trichoderma
virens G1-3 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24, a mixture of
Trichoderma virens G1-3 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000, a
mixture of Trichoderma virens G1-21 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
FZB24, and/or a mixture of Trichoderma virens G1-21 and Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens TJ 1000.
[0335] 46. The composition of any one of paragraphs 42 to 45,
wherein the one or more fungicides comprises at least one chemical
fungicide selected from the group consisting of strobilurins,
carboxamides, carboxanilides, carboxylic morpholides, benzoic acid
amides, azoles, triazoles, imidazoles, pyridines, pyrimidines,
piperazines, pyrroles, morpholines, piperidines, dicarboximides,
non-aromatic 5-membered heterocycles, benzimidazoles, guanidines,
antibiotics, nitrophenyl derivatives, organometal compounds,
sulfur-containing heterocyclyl compounds, organophosphours
compounds, organochlorine compounds, and salts and esters thereof,
racemic mixtures and resolved isomers thereof, and combinations
thereof.
[0336] 47. The composition of any one of paragraphs 42 to 45,
wherein the one or more fungicides comprises at least one chemical
fungicide selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin,
coumethoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin,
fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin,
picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin,
pyribencarb, trifloxystrobin,
2-[2-(2,5-dimethyl-phenoxymethyl)-phenyl]-3-methoxy-acrylic acid
methyl ester, and
2-(2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-allylideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2-
-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide, benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M,
benodanil, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, fenhexamid,
flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isopyrazam, isotianil,
kiralaxyl, mepronil, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), ofurace,
oxadixyl, oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane,
tecloftalam, thifluzamide, tiadinil,
2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxanilide,
N-(4'-trifluoromethylthiobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyra-
-zole-4-carboxamide, and
N-(2-(1,3,3-trimethylbutyl)-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1H-pyrazole-4-c-
arboxamide, dimethomorph, flumorph, pyrimorph, flumetover,
fluopicolide, fluopyram, zoxamide carpropamid, dicyclomet,
mandiproamid, oxytetracyclin, silthiofam, and
N-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid amide,
azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole,
difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole,
fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol,
hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole,
myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, penconazole,
propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole,
tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole,
uniconazole; cyazofamid, imazalil, pefurazoate, prochloraz,
triflumizol fluazinam, pyrifenox,
3-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine,
3-[5-(4-methyl-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine,
bupirimate, cyprodinil, diflumetorim, fenarimol, ferimzone,
mepanipyrim, nitrapyrin, nuarimol, pyrimethanil, triforine,
fenpiclonil, fludioxonil, aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate,
fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, fluoroimid, iprodione,
procymidone, vinclozolin, famoxadone, fenamidone, flutianil,
octhilinone, probenazole,
5-amino-2-isopropyl-3-oxo-4-ortho-tolyl-2,3-dihydro-pyrazole-1-carbothioi-
c acid S-allyl ester, acibenzolar-S-methyl, ametoctradin,
amisulbrom, anilazin, blasticidin-S, captafol, captan,
chinomethionat, dazomet, debacarb, diclomezine, difenzoquat,
difenzoquat-methylsulfate, fenoxanil, Folpet, oxolinic acid,
piperalin, proquinazid, pyroquilon, quinoxyfen, triazoxide,
tricyclazole 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propylchromen-4-one,
5-chloro-1-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole,
and
5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]tria-
zolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine, carbendazim, guanidine, dodine, dodine free
base, guazatine, guazatine-acetate, iminoctadine,
iminoctadine-triacetate, iminoctadine-tris(albesilate),
kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate, streptomycin,
polyoxine, validamycin A, binapacryl, dicloran, dinobuton, dinocap,
nitrothal-isopropyl, tecnazen, fentin salts, fentin-acetate, fentin
chloride, fentin hydroxide, dithianon, isoprothiolane, edifenphos,
fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, iprobenfos, phosphorus acid, pyrazophos,
tolclofos-methyl, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, dichlorophen,
flusulfamide, hexachlorobenzene, pencycuron, pentachlorphenole,
phthalide, quintozene, thiophanate-methyl, thiophanate,
tolylfluanid,
N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide,
Bordeaux mixture, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper
oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur, and salts and esters
thereof, racemic mixtures and resolved isomers thereof, and
combinations thereof.
[0337] 48. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 47,
wherein the at least one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises
azoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobin, penflufen, sedaxane, dimethomorph
and/or ipconazole.
[0338] 49. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 48,
wherein the at least one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises
one or more insecticides, optionally one or more biological
insectides and/or one or more chemical insecticides.
[0339] 50. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 44,
wherein the at least one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises
one or more acaricides, optionally one or more biological
acaricides and/or one or more chemical acaricides.
[0340] 51. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 45,
wherein the at least one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises
and/or one or more nematicides, optionally one or more biological
nematicides and/or one or more chemical nematicides.
[0341] 52. The composition of any one of paragraphs 49 to 51,
wherein the at least one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises
at least one insecticidal, acaricidal, and/or nematicidal
fungus.
[0342] 53. The composition of paragraph 52, wherein the at least
one insecticidal, acaricidal, and/or nematicidal fungus comprises
one or more insecticidal, acaricidal, and/or nematicidal strains of
Alternaria cassia, Arthrobotrys dactyloides, Arthrobotrys
oligospora, Arthrobotrys superb, Arthrobotrys dactyloides,
Aspergillus parasiticus, Beauveria bassiana, Dactylaria candida,
Fusarium lateritum, Fusarium solani, Harposporium anguillulae,
Hirsutella rhossiliensis, Hirsutella minnesotensis, Lecanicillium
lecanii, Monacrosporium cionopagum, Nematoctonus geogenius,
Nematoctonus leiosporus, Meristacrum asterospermum, Metarhizium
anisopliae, Myrothecium verrucaria, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus,
Paecilomyces lilacinus, Pasteuria penetrans, Pasteuria usage,
Pochonia chlamydopora, Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma harzianum,
Trichoderma virens, Verticillium chlamydosporum, and/or
Verticillium lecanii.
[0343] 54. The composition of paragraph 52, wherein the at least
one insecticidal, acaricidal, and/or nematicidal fungus comprises
Beauveria bassiana isolate ATCC-74040, Beauveria bassiana isolate
ATCC-74250, Metarhizium anisopliae isolate F52, and/or Paecilomyces
fumosoroseus FE991.
[0344] 55. The composition of any one of paragraphs 49 to 54,
wherein the at least one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises
at least one insecticidal, acaricidal, and/or nematicidal
bacterium.
[0345] 56. The composition of paragraph 55, wherein the at least
one insecticidal, acaricidal, and/or nematicidal bacterium
comprises one or more insecticidal, acaricidal, and/or nematicidal
strains of Bacillus firmus, Bacillus mycoides, Burkholderia sp.,
Burkholderia sp. nov. rinojensis, Chromobacterium subtsugae,
Chromobacterium subtsugae sp. nov., Chromobacterium vaccinii,
Chromobacterium violaceum, Flavobacterium sp., Streptomyces
lydicus, and/or Streptomyces violaceusniger.
[0346] 57. The composition of paragraph 55, wherein the at least
one insecticidal, acaricidal, and/or nematicidal bacterium
comprises comprises Bacillus mycoides isolate AQ726, NRRL B-21664;
Burkholderia sp. A396 sp. nov. rinojensis, NRRL B-50319;
Chromobacterium subtsugae sp. nov. isolate NRRL B-30655;
Chromobacterium vaccinii isolate NRRL B-50880; and/or
Flavobacterium sp. isolate H492, NRRL B-50584.
[0347] 58. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 57,
wherein the at least one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises
at least one chemical insecticide, acaricide, and/or nematicide
selected from the group consisting of carbamates, diamides,
macrocyclic lactones, neonicotinoids, organophosphates,
phenylpyrazoles, pyrethrins, spinosyns, synthetic pyrethroids,
tetronic acids, tetramic acids, and salts and esters thereof,
racemic mixtures and resolved isomers thereof, and combinations
thereof.
[0348] 59. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 57,
wherein the at least one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises
at least one chemical insecticide, acaricide, and/or nematicide
selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin,
alpha-cypermethrin, betacyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin,
deltamethrin, csfenvalcrate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin,
fenvalerate, flucythrinat, fosthiazate, lambda-cyhalothrin,
gamma-cyhalothrin, permethrin, tau-fluvalinate, transfluthrin,
zeta-cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, tefluthrin, eflusilanat,
fubfenprox, pyrethrin, resmethrin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid,
thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, dinotefuran, clothianidin,
imidaclothiz, chlorfluazuron), diflubenzuron, lufenuron,
teflubenzuron, triflumuron, novaluron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron,
bistrifluoron, noviflumuron, buprofezin, cyromazine,
methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, chromafenozide,
endosulfan, fipronil, ethiprole, pyrafluprole, pyriprole,
flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, chlothianidin, cyazypyr,
emamectin, emamectin benzoate, abamectin, ivermectin, milbemectin
lepimectin, tebufenpyrad, fenpyroximate, pyridaben, fenazaquin,
pyrimidifen, tolfenpyrad, dicofol, cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen,
acequinocyl, fluacrypyrin, bifenazate, diafenthiuron, etoxazole,
clofentezine, spinosad, triarathen, tetradifon, propargite,
hexythiazox, bromopropylate, chinomethionat, amitraz,
pyrifluquinazon, pymetrozine, flonicamid, pyriproxyfen, diofenolan,
chlorfenapyr, metaflumizone, indoxacarb, chlorpyrifos,
spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat, pyridalyl, spinctoram,
acephate, triazophos, profenofos, oxamyl, spinetoram, fenamiphos,
fenamipclothiahos,
4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one,
cadusaphos, carbaryl, carbofuran, ethoprophos, thiodicarb,
aldicarb, aldoxycarb, metamidophos, methiocarb, sulfoxaflor,
cyantraniliprole, and salts and esters thereof, racemic mixtures
and resolved isomers thereof, and combinations thereof.
[0349] 60. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 59,
wherein the at least one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises
lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam,
pyriprole, chlorantraniliprole, chlothianidin, cyazypyr, abamectin,
and/or pyrimidifen
[0350] 61. The composition of any one of paragraphs 1 to 60,
wherein the at least one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises
one or more herbicides, optionally one or more biological
herbicides and/or one or more chemical herbicides.
[0351] 62. The composition of paragraph 61, wherein the one or more
herbicides comprises at least one herbicide selected from the group
consisting of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors,
acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS)
inhibitors, photosystem II inhibitors, photosystem I inhibitors,
protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO or Protox) inhibitors, carotenoid
biosynthesis inhibitors, enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP)
synthase inhibitors, glutamine synthetase inhibitors,
dihydropteroate synthetase inhibitors, mitosis inhibitors,
4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate-dioxygenase (4-HPPD) inhibitors, synthetic
auxins, auxin herbicide salts, auxin transport inhibitors, and
nucleic acid inhibitors, salts and esters thereof, racemic mixtures
and resolved isomers thereof, and combinations thereof.
[0352] 63. The composition of paragraph 61, wherein the one or more
herbicides comprises at least one herbicide selected from the group
consisting of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D),
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), ametryn, amicarbazone,
aminocyclopyrachlor, acetochlor, acifluorfen, alachlor, atrazine,
azafenidin, bentazon, benzofenap, bifenox, bromacil, bromoxynil,
butachlor, butafenacil, butroxydim, carfentrazone-ethyl,
chlorimuron, chlorotoluron, clethodim, clodinafop, clomazone,
cyanazine, cycloxydim, cyhalofop, desmedipham, desmetryn, dicamba,
diclofop, dimefuron, diuron, dithiopyr, fenoxaprop, fluazifop,
fluazifop-P, fluometuron, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumiclorac-pentyl,
flumioxazin, fluoroglycofen, fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafe,
fomesafen, glyphosate, glufosinate, haloxyfop, hexazinone,
imazamox, imazaquin, imazethapyr, ioxynil, isoproturon,
isoxaflutole, lactofen, linuron, mecoprop, mecoprop-P, mesotrione,
metamitron, metazochlor, methibenzuron, metolachlor, S-metolachlor,
metoxuron, metribuzin, monolinuron, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon,
oxyfluorfen, phenmedipham, pretilachlor, profoxydim, prometon,
prometryn, propachlor, propanil, propaquizafop, propisochlor,
pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrazon, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, pyridate,
quizalofop, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P-ethyl,
clodinafop-propargyl, cyhalofop-butyl, diclofop-methyl,
fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl,
haloxyfop-R-methyl, saflufenacil, sethoxydim, siduron, simazine,
simetryn, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, tebuthiuron, tembotrione,
tepraloxydim, terbacil, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, thaxtomin,
thenylchlor, tralkoxydim, triclopyr, trietazine, tropramezone, and
salts and esters thereof, racemic mixtures and resolved isomers
thereof, and combinations thereof.
[0353] 64. The composition of any of paragraphs 1-63, wherein the
at least one agriculturally beneficial agent comprises at least one
agriculturally beneficial microorganism.
[0354] 65. The composition of paragraph 64, wherein the at least
one agriculturally beneficial microorganism comprises at least one
diazotroph.
[0355] 66. The composition of paragraph 65, wherein the at least
one diazotroph comprises one or more diazotrophs selected from the
group consisting of Azorhizobium caulinodans, Azorhizobium
doebereinerae, Azospirillum amazonense, Azospirillum brasilense,
Azospirillum canadense, Azospirillum doebereinerae, Azospirillum
formosense, Azospirillum halopraeferans, Azospirillum irakense,
Azospirillum largimobile, Azospirillum lipoferum, Azospirillum
melinis, Azospirillum oryzae, Azospirillum picis, Azospirillum
rugosum, Azospirillum thiophilum, Azospirillum zeae, Bradyrhizobium
bete, Bradyrhizobium canariense, Bradyrhizobium elkanii,
Bradyrhizobium iriomotense, Bradyrhizobium japonicum,
Bradyrhizobium jicamae, Bradyrhizobium liaoningense, Bradyrhizobium
pachyrhizi, Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense, Mesorhizobium albiziae,
Mesorhizobium amorphae, Mesorhizobium chacoense, Mesorhizobium
ciceri, Mesorhizobium huakuii, Mesorhizobium loti, Mesorhizobium
mediterraneum, Mesorhizobium pluifarium, Mesorhizobium
septentrionale, Mesorhizobium temperatum, Mesorhizobium
tianshanense, Rhizobium cellulosilyticum, Rhizobium daejeonense,
Rhizobium etli, Rhizobium galegae, Rhizobium gallicum, Rhizobium
giardinii, Rhizobium hainanense, Rhizobium huautlense, Rhizobium
indigoferae, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Rhizobium loessense,
Rhizobium lupini, Rhizobium lusitanum, Rhizobium meliloti,
Rhizobium mongolense, Rhizobium miluonense, Rhizobium sullee,
Rhizobium tropici, Rhizobium undicola, Rhizobium yanglingense,
Sinorhizobium abri, Sinorhizobium adhaerens, Sinorhizobium
americanum, Sinorhizobium aboris, Sinorhizobium fredii,
Sinorhizobium indiaense, Sinorhizobium kostiense, Sinorhizobium
kummerowiae, Sinorhizobium medicae, Sinorhizobium meliloti,
Sinorhizobium mexicanus, Sinorhizobium morelense, Sinorhizobium
saheli, Sinorhizobium terangae, Sinorhizobium xinjiangense, and
combinations thereof.
[0356] 67. The composition of paragraph 65, wherein the at least
one diazotroph comprises one or more diazotrophs selected from the
group consisting of Azospirillum brasilense isolate INTA Az-39,
Bradyrhizobium elkanii isolate SEMIA 587, Bradyrhizobium elkanii
isolate SEMIA 5019, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate SEMIA 5079,
Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate SEMIA 5080, Bradyrhizobium
japonicum isolate NRRL B-50608, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate
NRRL B-50609, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50610,
Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50611, Bradyrhizobium
japonicum isolate NRRL B-50612, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate
NRRL B-50592, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50593,
Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50586, Bradyrhizobium
japonicum isolate NRRL B-50588, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate
NRRL B-50587, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50589,
Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50591, Bradyrhizobium
japonicum isolate NRRL B-50590, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate
NRRL B-50594, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50726,
Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50727, Bradyrhizobium
japonicum isolate NRRL B-50728, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate
NRRL B-50729, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate NRRL B-50730,
Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate USDA 532C, Bradyrhizobium
japonicum isolate USDA 110, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate USDA
123, Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolate USDA 127, Bradyrhizobium
japonicum isolate USDA 129, Rhizobium leguminosarum isolate
SO12A-2-(IDAC 080305-01), and combinations thereof.
[0357] 68. The composition of any one of paragraphs 64 to 67,
wherein the at least one agriculturally beneficial microorganism
comprises at least one phosphate-solubilizing microorganism.
[0358] 69. The composition of paragraph 68, wherein the at least
one phosphate-solubilizing microorganism comprises one or more
phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms selected from the group
consisting of Penicillium albidum, Penicillium aurantiogriseum,
Penicillium bilaiae, Penicillium canescens, Penicillium
chrysogenum, Penicillium citreonigrum, Penicillium citrinum,
Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium
fellutanum, Penicillium frequentas, Penicillium fuscum, Penicillium
fussiporus, Penicillium gaestrivorus, Penicillium glabrum,
Penicillium glaucum, Penicillium griseofulvum, Penicillium
implicatum, Penicillium janthinellum, Penicillium lanosocoeruleum,
Penicillium lilacinum, Penicillium minioluteum, Penicillium
montanense, Penicillium nigricans, Penicillium oxalicum,
Penicillium pinetorum, Penicillium pinophilum, Penicillium
purpurogenum, Penicillium radicum, Penicillium raistrickii,
Penicillium rugulosum, Penicillium simplicissimum, Penicillium
solitum, Penicillium variabile, Penicillium velutinum, Penicillium
viridicatum, Talaromyces aculeatus, and combinations thereof.
[0359] 70. The composition of paragraph 68, wherein the at least
one phosphate-solubilizing microorganism comprises one or more
phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms selected from the group
consisting of Penicillium bilaiae isolate ATCC 20851, Penicillium
bilaiae isolate ATCC 22348, Penicillium bilaiae isolate V08/021001,
Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50776, Penicillium bilaiae
isolate NRRL B-50777, Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50778,
Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50779, Penicillium bilaiae
isolate NRRL B-50780, Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50781,
Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50782, Penicillium bilaiae
isolate NRRL B-50783, Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50784,
Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50785, Penicillium bilaiae
isolate NRRL B-50786, Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50787,
Penicillium bilaiae isolate NRRL B-50788, Penicillium bilaiae
isolate NRRL B-50169, Penicillium bilaiae isolate ATCC 18309,
Penicillium brevicompactum isolate AgRF18, Penicillium canescens
isolate ATCC 10419, Penicillium expansum isolate ATCC 24692,
Penicillium expansum isolate YT02, Penicillium fellutanum isolate
ATCC 48694, Penicillium gaestrivorus isolate NRRL 50170,
Penicillium glabrum isolate DAOM 239074, Penicillium glabrum
isolate CBS 229.28, Penicillium janthinellum isolate ATCC 10455,
Penicillium lanosocoeruleum isolate ATCC 48919, Penicillium radicum
isolate N93/47267, Penicillium radicum isolate FRR 4717,
Penicillium radicum isolate ATCC 201836, Penicillium radicum
isolate FRR 4719, Penicillium raistrickii isolate ATCC 10490,
Talaromyces aculeatus isolate ATCC 10409, and combinations
thereof.
[0360] 71. The composition of any one of paragraphs 64 to 70,
wherein the at least one agriculturally beneficial microorganism
comprises at least one mycorrhiza.
[0361] 72. The composition of paragraph 71, wherein the at least
one mycorrhiza comprises one or more mycorrhizae selected from the
group consisting of Gigaspora margarita, Glomus aggregatum, Glomus
brasilianum, Glomus clarum, Glomus deserticola, Glomus etunicatum,
Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus intraradices, Glomus monosporum, Glomus
mosseae, Hymenoscyphous ericae, Laccaria bicolor, Laccaria laccata,
Oidiodendron sp., Paraglomus brazilianum, Pisolithus tinctorius,
Rhizoctonia sp., Rhizopogon amylopogon, Rhizopogon fulvigleba,
Rhizopogon luteolus, Rhizopogon villosuli, Scleroderma cepa,
Scleroderma citrinum, and combinations thereof.
[0362] 73. The composition of paragraphs 1-72, wherein the
composition futher comprises one or more additional agriculturally
beneficial agents selected from the group consisting of
chito-oliogosaccharides (COs), chitinous compounds, flavonoids,
jasmonic acid, methyl jasmonate, linoleic acid, linolenic acid,
karrikins, gluconolactones, glutathiones, and combinations
thereof.
[0363] 74. A method for enhancing the growth of a plant or plant
part comprising contacting a plant or plant part with at least one
lipo-chitooligosaccharide compound (LCOs) and at least one
agriculturally beneficial agent selected from the group consisting
of pesticides, agriculturally beneficial microorganisms, and
combinations thereof.
[0364] 75. The method of paragraph 74, wherein the plant or plant
part is contacted with the composition of any one of paragraphs
1-73.
[0365] 76. The method of paragraph 74, wherein the plant or plant
part is contacted with the at least one LCO prior to contacting the
plant or plant part with the at least one agriculturally beneficial
agent.
[0366] 77. The method of paragraph 74, wherein the plant or plant
part is contacted with the at least one LCO after contacting the
plant or plant part with the at least one agriculturally beneficial
agent.
[0367] 78. The method of paragraph 74, wherein the plant or plant
part is contacted with the at least one LCO and the at least one
agriculturally beneficial agent simultaneously.
[0368] 79. A method for enhancing the growth of a plant or plant
part comprising treating a soil with at least one
lipo-chitooligosaccharide compound (LCO) and at least one
agriculturally beneficial agent selected from the group consisting
of pesticides, agriculturally beneficial microorganisms, and
combinations thereof; and planting a plant or plant part in the
soil.
[0369] 80. The method of paragraph 79, wherein the soil is treated
with the composition of any one of paragraphs 1-73.
[0370] 81. The method of paragraph 79, wherein the soil is treated
with the at least one LCO prior to treating the soil with the at
least one agriculturally beneficial agent.
[0371] 82. The method of paragraph 79, wherein the soil is treated
with the at least one LCO after treating the soil with the at least
one agriculturally beneficial agent.
[0372] 83. The method of paragraph 79, wherein the soil is treated
with the at least one LCO and the at least one agriculturally
beneficial agent simultaneously. 84. The method of any one of
paragraphs 79-83, wherein planting the plant or plant part in the
soil occurs before the soil treatment.
[0373] 85. The method of any one of paragraphs 79-83, wherein
planting the plant or plant part in the soil occurs after the soil
treatment.
[0374] 86. The method of any one of paragraphs 79-83, wherein
planting the plant or plant part in the soil occurs simultaneously
with the soil treatment.
[0375] 87. A seed at least partially coated with the composition of
any one of paragraphs 1-73.
EXAMPLES
[0376] The following examples are not intended to be a detailed
catalogue of all the different ways in which the present invention
may be implemented or of all the features that may be added to the
present invention. Subjects skilled in the art will appreciate that
numerous variations and additions to the various embodiments may be
made without departing from the present invention. Hence, the
following descriptions are intended to illustrate some particular
embodiments of the invention, and not to exhaustively specify all
permutations, combinations and variations thereof.
Example 1
LCO and Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 Synergistically Increased
Soybean Shoot Diameter, Shoot Area, Shoot Volume and Root
Volume
[0377] Soybean seeds (Asgrow 4831, A1024750, HU3U11) were weighed
out into 200 g allotments. Each allotment of seed was treated with
one of the following: a control of 2.4 ml of DI water ("UTC");
Actinovate.RTM. STP (Novozymes BioAg, Inc., Brookfield, Wis.) at 6
oz per cwt ("Actinovate"); LCO at 1.86 .mu.pg per cwt ("LCO");
Actinovate STP at 6 oz per cwt and LCO at 1.86 .mu.g per cwt
("Actinovate+LCO ").
[0378] To confirm that the Streptomyces lydicus in Actinovate were
successfully applied to the seeds, one gram treated seed was placed
in 99m1 of phosphate buffer and shaken in a wrist action shaker for
30 min. Serial dilutions were made by pipetting 100 .mu.l into 900
.mu.l phosphate buffer until desired dilutions were reached,
vortexing for at least 1 min for each dilution. Again vortexing
sample, 100.mu.L of each target dilution (2 and 3) was plated at
the minimum of 3 replicates on LB+Dextrose plates. Plates were
incubated at room temperature for 5 days. Colonies of Streptomyces
lydicus were observed on both Actinovate and Actinovate+Torque
plates, with colonies becoming visible approximately one day
earlier on the Actinovate+LCO plates.
[0379] Treated seeds were planted in 72 well flats (1 flat per
treatment) containing Fafard.RTM. Ultra-Fine Germination mix. The
seeded flats were cut into 3.times.3 squares and randomized. Each
9-well square was considered one rep for germination count.
[0380] Germinated plants were harvested (3 subsamples per rep) and
scanned using WinRhizo (Regent Instruments, Inc., Quebec, Canada).
Plants germinated from seeds treated with Actinovate+LCO exhibited
an increase in mean shoot area, mean shoot diameter, mean shoot
volume, mean shoot dry weight, mean root length, mean root area,
and mean root volume, as compared to plants treated with Actinovate
or LCO alone. Plants germinated from seeds treated with
Actinovate+LCO exhibited a synergistic increase in mean shoot
diameter, mean shoot area, mean shoot volume, and mean root volume,
as compared to plants germinated from seeds treated with Actinovate
or LCO alone.
Example 2
LCO and Trichoderma virens GI-3 Synergistically Increased Soybean
Shoot Length, Shoot Projected Area, and Shoot Surface Area
[0381] Soybean seeds (AG4531) were weighed out into 200 g
allotments. Each allotment of seed was treated with one of the
following: a control of 2.4 ml DI water ("UTC"); Trichoderma virens
strain GI-3 at 1.times.10.sup.5 colony forming units per seed
("GI-3"); LCO at 1.86 .mu.g per cwt ("LCO"); or Trichoderma virens
strain GI-3 at 1.times.10.sup.5 colony forming units per seed and
LCO at 1.86 .mu.g per cwt ("GI-3+LCO"). Seeds were treated using a
Wintersteiger Hege 11 seed treater and allowed to dry for 10
minutes prior to planting.
[0382] Treated seeds were planted in 72 cell germination flats
filled with ProMix BX potting media. The seeded flats were grown in
a greenhouse and watered to field capacity during the growth
period.
[0383] Germinated plants were harvested 10 days after planting and
analyzed using WinRhizo (Regent Instruments, Inc., Quebec, Canada).
As shown in Tables 1-3, .mu.lants germinated from seeds treated
with GI-3 and LCO exhibited a synergistic increase in mean shoot
length, meanprojected shoot area, and mean shoot surface area, as
compared to plants germinated from seeds treated with GI-3 or LCO
alone.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Mean shoot length of soybean plants
harvested 10 days after planting. Length, cm/Connecting Percent
Increase Treatments Letters (p .ltoreq. 0.05) over Control (%)
Untreated 12.07.sup.B N/A Control GI-3 12.55.sup.AB 3.98 GI-3 + LCO
14.63.sup.A 21.21 LCO 13.44.sup.AB 11.35
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Mean projected shoot area of soybean plants
harvested 10 days after planting. Projected Area,
cm.sup.2/Connecting Percent Increase Treatments Letters (p .ltoreq.
0.05) over Control (%) Untreated 7.75.sup.B N/A Control GI-3
8.62.sup.AB 11.23 GI-3 + LCO 10.93.sup.A 41.03 SP104 8.89.sup.AB
14.71
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Mean shoot surface area of soybean plants
harvested 10 days after planting. Surface Area, cm.sup.2/Connecting
Percent Increase Treatments Letters (p .ltoreq. 0.05) over Control
(%) Untreated 24.36.sup.B N/A Control GI-3 27.09.sup.AB 11.21 GI-3
+ LCO 34.32.sup.A 40.89 LCO 27.95.sup.AB 14.74
Example 3
LCO and Trichoderma virens GI-3 Synergistically Increased Corn
Germination, Shoot Length, Shoot Projected Area, Shoot Surface
Area, Root Length, Root Projected Area, and Root Surface Area
[0384] Corn seeds (DKC 63-33) were weighed out into 200 g
allotments. Each allotment of seed was treated with one of the
following: a control of 2.1 mL DI water ("UTC"); Trichoderma virens
strain GI-3 at 1.times.10.sup.5 colony forming units per seed
("GI-3"); LCO at 1.86 .mu.g per cwt ("LCO"); or Trichoderma virens
strain GI-3 at 1.times.10.sup.5 colony forming units per seed and
LCO at 1.86 .mu.g per cwt ("GI-3+SP104"). Seeds were treated using
a Wintersteiger Hege 11 seed treater and allowed to dry for 10
minutes prior to planting.
[0385] Treated seeds were planted in 72 cell germination flats
filled with ProMix BX potting media. The seeded flats were grown in
a greenhouse and watered to field capacity during the growth
period.
[0386] A germination count was conducted 6 days after planting, and
germinated plants were harvested 8 days after planting and analyzed
using WinRhizo (Regent Instruments, Inc., Quebec, Canada).
Surprisingly, plants germinated from seeds treated with GI-3 and
LCO exhibited a synergistic increase in germination, mean shoot
length, meanprojected shoot area, mean shoot surface area, mean
root length, mean root projected area, and mean root surface area,
as compared to plants germinated from seeds treated with GI-3 or
LCO alone.
Example 4
LCO and Bacillus amvloliqufaciens Synergistically Increased Corn
Biomass
[0387] Corn seeds (DKC 63-33) were weighed out into 100 g
allotments. Each allotment of seed was treated with one of the
following: a control of 500 .mu.l DI water ("UTC"); 500 .mu.l of
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain SB3778 fermentation broth
("SB3778"); 500 .mu.l of 10.sup.-8 M LCO ("LCO"); or 250 .mu.l of
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain SB3778 fermentation broth and 250
.mu.l of 10.sup.-8 M LCO ("SB33778+LCO"). Treated seeds were
allowed to dry for 3-4 hours prior to planting.
[0388] Treated seeds were planted in germination flats filled with
Promix potting media (5 rows per treatment; 6 seedlings per row).
The seeded flats were grown for two weeks in a growth chamber at
25.degree. C. and 70% humidity with 16 hours of light per day, then
harvested and analyzed.
[0389] As shown in Table 4, .mu.lants germinated from seeds treated
with SB3778 and LCO exhibited a synergistic increase in dry weight
biomass, as compared to plants germinated from seeds treated with
SB3778 or LCO alone.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Mean dry weight of corn plants harvested two
weeks after planting. Yield Parameter Control SB3281 + LCO LCO
SB3281 Average plant DW (g) 0.219 0.234 0.224 0.224 % dry weight
increase 6.85% 2.30% 2.30%
Example 5
LCO Increased Yield of Corn Seeds Treated With CruiserMaxx.RTM.
[0390] Corn seeds treated with CruiserMaxx.RTM. (thiamethoxam,
mefenoxam, fludioxonil; Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro,
NC) ("control") or CruiserMaxx.RTM. and LCO (Torque.RTM. ST,
Novozymes BioAg Inc., Brookfield, Wis.) ("CruiserMaxx+LCO").
[0391] Control and CruiserMaxx+LCO seeds were planted in various
locations during two separate growing seasons: Arkansaw, Wis.;
Carroll, Iowa; Geneva, Minn.; Sparta, Ill.; Tekamah, Neb.; and
Verona, Wis. during the first growing season and Fishers, Ind.;
Geneva, Minn.; Madison, Wis.; Richland, Iowa; Sparta, Ill.; and
York, Neb. during the second growing season.
[0392] The average yield of plants germinated from CruiserMaxx+LCO
seeds exceeded the average yield of plants germinated from control
seeds by 2.03 bushels per acre.
Example 6
LCO Increased Yield of Soybean Seeds Treated With
Acceleron.RTM.
[0393] Soybean seeds treated with Acceleron.RTM. (pyraclostrobin,
metalaxyl, imidacloprid; Monsanto Technology LLC, St. Louis, Mo.)
("control") or Acceleron.RTM. and LCO (Torque.RTM. ST, Novozymes
BioAg Inc., Brookfield, Wis.) ("Acceleron+LCO").
[0394] Control and Acceleron+LCO seeds were planted in various
locations during three separate growing seasons: Campbell, Minn.;
Fishers, Ind.; Sparta, Ill.; Verona, Wis.; and York, Neb. during
the first growing season, Arkansaw, Wis.; Carroll, Iowa; Madison,
Wis.; and Sparta, Ill. during the second growing season, and
Arkansaw, Wis.; Belleville, Wis.; Brookings, S.D.; Carroll, Iowa;
Fishers, Ind.; Geneva, Minn.; Marissa, Ill.; and York, Neb. during
the third growing season.
[0395] The average yield of plants germinated from Acceleron+LCO
seeds exceeded the average yield of plants germinated from control
seeds treated by 1.6 bushels per acre.
Example 7
LCO Increased Yield of Soybean Seeds Treated With CruiserMaxx.RTM.
Plus
[0396] Soybean seeds treated with CruiserMaxx.RTM. Plus
(thiamethoxam, mefenoxam, fludioxonil; Syngenta Crop Protection,
LLC, Greensboro, N.C.) ("control") or CruiserMaxx.RTM. Plus and LCO
(Torque.RTM. ST, Novozymes BioAg Inc., Brookfield, Wis.)
("CruiserMaxx Plus+LCO").
[0397] Control and CruiserMaxx Plus+LCO seeds were planted in
various locations during two separate growing seasons: Arkansaw,
Wis.; Carroll, Iowa; and Sparta, Ill. during the first growing
season and Arkansaw, Wis.; Brookings, Ill.; Carroll, Iowa;
Clarence, Mo.; Fishers, Ind.; Geneva, Minn.; Marissa, Ill.; and
York, Neb. during the second growing season.
[0398] The average yield of plants germinated from CruiserMaxx
Plus+LCO seeds exceeded the average yield of plants germinated from
control seeds by 2.2 bushels per acre.
Example 8
LCO Increased Yield of Soybean Seeds Treated With CruiserMaxx.RTM.
Plus
[0399] Soybean seeds treated with CruiserMaxx.RTM. Plus
(thiamethoxam, mefenoxam, fludioxonil; Syngenta Crop Protection,
LLC, Greensboro, N.C.) ("control") or CruiserMaxx.RTM. Plus and LCO
(ProStablish.TM., Novozymes BioAg Inc., Brookfield, Wis.)
("CruiserMaxx Plus+LCO").
[0400] Control and CruiserMaxx Plus+LCO seeds were planted in
Campbell, Minn. and Sparta, Ill.
[0401] The average yield of plants germinated from CruiserMaxx
Plus+LCO seeds exceeded the average yield of plants germinated from
control seeds by 3.0 bushels per acre.
Example 9
LCO Increased Yield of Soybean Seeds Treated With CruiserMaxx.RTM.
Beans
[0402] Soybean seeds treated with CruiserMaxx.RTM. Beans
(thiamethoxam, mefenoxam, fludioxonil; Syngenta Crop Protection,
LLC, Greensboro, N.C.) ("control") or CruiserMaxx.RTM. Beans and
LCO (ProStablish.TM., Novozymes BioAg Inc., Brookfield, Wis.)
("CruiserMaxx Beans+LCO"). Control and CruiserMaxx Beans+LCO seeds
were planted in Campbell, Minn.; Fishers, Ind.; Geneva, Minn.;
Sparta, Ill.; Tipp City, Ohio; Verona, Wis.; and York, Neb.
[0403] The average yield of plants germinated from CruiserMaxx
Beans+LCO seeds exceeded the average yield of plants germinated
from control seeds by 2.7 bushels per acre.
Example 10
LCO Increased Yield of Soybean Seeds Treated With Trilex.RTM.
[0404] Soybean seeds treated with Trilex.RTM. 6000
(trifloxystrobin, metalaxyl, imidacloprid, Bacillus pumilus GB34;
Bayer CropScience, Research Triangle Park, N.C.) ("control") or
Trilex.RTM. 6000 and LCO (Torque.RTM. ST, Novozymes BioAg Inc.,
Brookfield, Wis.) ("Trilex+LCO").
[0405] Control and Trilex+LCO seeds were planted in various
locations during three separate growing seasons: Campbell, Minn.;
Fishers, Ind.; Sparta, Ill.; Verona, Wis.; and York, Neb. during
the first growing season, Arkansaw, Wis.; Carroll, Iowa; Fitchburg,
Wis.; and Sparta, Ill. during the second growing season, and
Arkansaw, Wis.; Belleville, Wis.; Brookings, SD; Carroll, Iowa;
Clarence, Mo.; Fishers, Ind.; Geneva, Minn.; Marissa, Ill.; and
York, Neb. during the third growing season.
[0406] The average yield of plants germinated from Trilex+LCO seeds
exceeded the average yield of plants germinated from control seeds
treated by 2.2 bushels per acre.
Example 11
LCO Increased Yield of Soybean Seeds Treated With Trilex.RTM.
[0407] Soybean seeds treated with Trilex.RTM. 6000
(trifloxystrobin, metalaxyl, imidacloprid, Bacillus pumilus GB34;
Bayer CropScience, Research Triangle Park, N.C.) ("control") or
Trilex.RTM. 6000 and LCO (ProStablish.TM., Novozymes BioAg Inc.,
Brookfield, Wis.) ("Trilex+LCO").
[0408] Control and Trilex+LCO seeds were planted in various
locations during two separate growing seasons: Campbell, Minn.;
Fishers, Ind.; Sparta, Ill.; Verona, Wis.; and York, Neb. during
the first growing season, and Arkansaw, Wis.; Carroll, Iowa;
Fitchburg, Wis.; and Sparta, Ill. during the second growing
season.
[0409] The average yield of plants germinated from Trilex+LCO seeds
exceeded the average yield of plants germinated from control seeds
treated by 2.7 bushels per acre.
Example 12
LCO Increased Yield of Soybean Seeds Treated With
Poncho.RTM./Votivo.RTM. and Trilex.RTM.
[0410] Soybean seeds treated with Poncho.RTM./Votivo.RTM.
(clothianidin, Bacillus firmus; Bayer CropScience, Research
Triangle Park, N.C.) Trilex.RTM. 2000 (Bayer CropScience, Research
Triangle Park, N.C.) ("control") or Poncho.RTM./Votivo.RTM.,
Trilex.RTM. 2000, and LCO (Torque.RTM. ST, Novozymes BioAg Inc.,
Brookfield, Wis.) ("Poncho/Votivo+Trilex+LCO").
[0411] Control and Poncho/Votivo+Trilex+LCO seeds were planted in
Arkansaw, Wis.; Carroll, Iowa; Madison, Wis.; and Sparta, Ill.
[0412] The average yield of plants germinated from
Poncho/Votivo+Trilex+LCO seeds exceeded the average yield of plants
germinated from control seeds treated by 3.9 bushels per acre.
Example 13
LCO Increased Yield of Soybean Seeds Treated With
Poncho.RTM./Votivo.RTM. and Trilex.RTM.
[0413] Soybean seeds treated with Poncho.RTM./Votivo.RTM.
(clothianidin, Bacillus firmus; Bayer CropScience, Research
Triangle Park, N.C.) Trilex.RTM. 2000 (trifloxystrobin, metalaxyl;
Bayer CropScience, Research Triangle Park, N.C.) ("control") or
Poncho.RTM./Votivo.RTM., Trilex.RTM. 2000, and LCO
(ProStablish.TM., Novozymes BioAg Inc., Brookfield, Wis.)
("Poncho/Votivo+Trilex+LCO").
[0414] Control and Poncho/Votivo+Trilex+LCO seeds were planted in
Arkansaw, Wis.; Campbell, Minn.; Carroll, Iowa; Oregon, Wis.; and
Sparta, Ill.
[0415] The average yield of plants germinated from
Poncho/Votivo+Trilex+LCO seeds exceeded the average yield of plants
germinated from control seeds treated by 2.0 bushels per acre.
Example 14
LCO Increased Yield of Soybean Seeds Treated Wth Pioneer.RTM.
Premium Seed Treatment
[0416] Soybean seeds treated with Pioneer.RTM. Premium Seed
Treatment (trifloxystrobin, metalaxyl, imidacloprid, Bradyrhizobium
japonicum, LCO; DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, Iowa) ("control") or
Pioneer.RTM. Premium Seed Treatment and LCO (Torque.RTM. ST,
Novozymes BioAg Inc., Brookfield, Wis.) ("PPST+LCO").
[0417] Control and PPST+LCO seeds were planted in Fishers, Ind.;
Oregon, Wis.; Sparta, Ill.; and York, Neb.
[0418] The average yield of plants germinated from PPST+LCO seeds
exceeded the average yield of plants germinated from control seeds
treated by 2.1 bushels per acre.
Example 15
LCO Increased Yield of Soybean Seeds Treated With Pioneer.RTM.
Premium Seed Treatment
[0419] Soybean seeds treated with Pioneer.RTM. Premium Seed
Treatment (trifloxystrobin, metalaxyl, imidacloprid, Bradyrhizobium
japonicum, LCO; DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, Iowa) ("control") or
Pioneer.RTM. Premium Seed Treatment and LCO (ProStablish.TM.,
Novozymes BioAg Inc., Brookfield, Wis.) ("PPST+LCO").
[0420] Control and PPST+LCO seeds were planted in various locations
during two separate growing seasons: Fishers, Ind.; Oregon, Wis.;
Sparta, Ill.; and York, Neb. during the first growing season and
Arkansaw, Wis.; Clarence, Minn.; Fishers, Ind.; Geneva, Wis.;
Madison, Wis.; Sparta, Ill.; Stoneville, Ms.; and York, Neb. during
the second growing season.
[0421] The average yield of plants germinated from PPST+LCO seeds
exceeded the average yield of plants germinated from control seeds
treated by 1.3 bushels per acre.
[0422] The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and
is not to be construed as limiting thereof. Although exemplary
embodiments have been described above, those skilled in the art
will readily appreciate that various modifications may be made to
those embodiments without materially departing from the novel
teachings and advantages of the present invention. Accordingly, all
such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of
the present invention.
* * * * *