U.S. patent application number 15/486686 was filed with the patent office on 2017-08-03 for modular liquid waste treatment system and method.
This patent application is currently assigned to Presby Patent Trust. The applicant listed for this patent is Presby Patent Trust. Invention is credited to David W. Presby.
Application Number | 20170217787 15/486686 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 54537945 |
Filed Date | 2017-08-03 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170217787 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Presby; David W. |
August 3, 2017 |
MODULAR LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEM AND METHOD
Abstract
A modular liquid waste treatment system is disclosed. In
accordance with some embodiments, the system includes a central
distribution unit and one or more treatment fins in flow
communication therewith. The distribution unit may be configured to
receive liquid waste from a given source and distribute that waste,
at least in part, to one or more treatment fins. In turn, bacteria
present in a given treatment fin treat the liquid waste, and the
resultant treated liquid may drain from the fin to the surrounding
environment. In some embodiments, a given treatment fin may include
porous media providing a large surface area on which bacteria may
grow to facilitate treatment. The system may be installed in and/or
above the ground, and in some cases may be surrounded, at least in
part, with treatment sand and/or other treatment media. The system
may be used in aerobic and/or anaerobic processing of liquid
waste.
Inventors: |
Presby; David W.; (Sugar
Hill, NH) |
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Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Presby Patent Trust |
Whitefield |
NH |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Presby Patent Trust
Whitefield
NH
|
Family ID: |
54537945 |
Appl. No.: |
15/486686 |
Filed: |
April 13, 2017 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
14716572 |
May 19, 2015 |
|
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15486686 |
|
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62000241 |
May 19, 2014 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C02F 1/32 20130101; C02F
1/44 20130101; C02F 2301/08 20130101; C02F 1/285 20130101; C02F
3/106 20130101; C02F 1/283 20130101; C02F 3/2826 20130101; C02F
2103/001 20130101; C02F 1/76 20130101; C02F 3/104 20130101; C02F
3/28 20130101; C02F 3/108 20130101; C02F 1/281 20130101; C02F 1/006
20130101; C02F 1/20 20130101; C02F 2103/002 20130101; C02F 3/02
20130101; C02F 2203/006 20130101; C02F 3/101 20130101; C02F 3/04
20130101; Y02W 10/10 20150501; Y02W 10/15 20150501; C02F 3/046
20130101; C02F 3/105 20130101; C02F 2103/005 20130101; C02F 3/1294
20130101; C02F 3/302 20130101; C02F 2303/04 20130101; C02F 2201/002
20130101; C02F 3/107 20130101; C02F 2305/06 20130101; C02F 3/10
20130101; C02F 3/109 20130101; C02F 2301/046 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C02F 1/00 20060101
C02F001/00; C02F 1/44 20060101 C02F001/44; C02F 3/02 20060101
C02F003/02; C02F 1/32 20060101 C02F001/32; C02F 3/28 20060101
C02F003/28; C02F 1/28 20060101 C02F001/28; C02F 1/76 20060101
C02F001/76 |
Claims
1. A liquid waste treatment system comprising: a distribution unit
having an interior and an exterior and comprising a sidewall
portion defining one or more passageways; and a plurality of
treatment fins external to the distribution unit and in flow
communication with its interior via the one or more passageways,
the plurality of treatment fins comprising: a porous medium; and at
least one pipe disposed within the porous medium, the pipe
providing flow communication between the porous medium and the
atmosphere.
2. The liquid waste treatment system of claim 1, wherein at least
two of the plurality of treatment fins extend in different
directions from the distribution unit and are in flow communication
therewith via at least one opening in the distribution unit.
3. The liquid waste treatment system of claim 1, wherein each of
the plurality of treatment fins has a profile selected from a list
including a tapered profile, a flared profile, a rounded profile, a
bullet-like profile, a loop-shaped profile, a branched profile, and
a radial grid-shaped profile.
4. The liquid waste treatment system of claim 1, wherein the at
least one pipe includes a wall and a portion of the wall is
perforated.
5. The liquid waste treatment system of claim 1, wherein the shape
of the distribution unit is at least one or more of cylindrical,
prismatic, polygonal, circular, elliptical, triangular, square,
rectangular, hexagonal, and octagonal.
6. The liquid waste treatment system of claim 1, wherein the
distribution unit further comprises at least one of: one or more
skimmer tabs disposed within its interior over its sidewall
portion; and one or more ridges disposed along its exterior over
its sidewall portion.
7. The liquid waste treatment system of claim 1, wherein the porous
medium comprises at least one of randomly distributed coarse
fibers, coarse sand, stone, gravel, polymeric beads, glass, carbon
blocks, natural aggregate, synthetic aggregate, polypropylene,
polyethylene, and/or polystyrene.
8. The liquid waste treatment system of claim 1, wherein an outer
fabric layer surrounds each of the plurality of treatment fins, the
outer fabric layer comprising at least one of polypropylene,
polyethylene, and/or polyester fabric.
9. The liquid waste treatment system of claim 8, wherein: the
plurality of treatment fins further comprises a semi-permeable or
impermeable barrier layer disposed within the porous medium; and
there is space between the outer fabric layer and the barrier
layer, the space filled at least partially with the porous
medium.
10. The liquid waste treatment system of claim 9, wherein the
barrier layer is a partial layer that surrounds less than the total
volume of the porous medium.
11. The liquid waste treatment system of claim 9, wherein the
barrier layer comprises at least one of polypropylene,
polyethylene, and polyester fabric.
12. The liquid waste treatment system of claim 1, wherein the at
least one pipe is configured to be coupled with at least one of a
source of liquid waste and a vent stack.
13. The liquid waste treatment system of claim 1, wherein the at
least one pipe is configured to permit air flow within the
plurality of treatment fins.
14. The liquid waste treatment system of claim 1, further
comprising at least one of a bacterial layer and/or a filtration
layer.
15. The liquid waste treatment system of claim 1, wherein the
plurality of treatment fins have a cross-sectional shape that
changes in at least one of size and geometry from a first end to a
second end thereof.
16. The liquid waste treatment system of claim 1, wherein the
system is further configured to provide for at least one or more of
aerobic processing, anaerobic processing, recirculation,
nitrification, denitrification, chlorination, ultraviolet
germicidal irradiation (UVGI), and disinfection processing of
liquid waste.
17. A method of treating liquid waste, the method comprising:
passing liquid waste through a sidewall of a distribution unit into
a plurality of treatment fins in flow communication with the
distribution unit, the plurality of treatment fins comprising a
porous medium; treating the liquid waste via bacterial digestion by
passing the liquid waste through the porous medium of the plurality
of treatment fins; and passing resultant treated liquid from the
plurality of treatment fins.
18. The method of claim 17, further comprising at least one or more
of: drawing air from a surrounding environment into the
distribution unit via a vent stack coupled with the distribution
unit; venting gas from the distribution unit into a surrounding
environment via a vent stack coupled with the distribution unit;
and treating the liquid waste via at least one or more of aerobic
processing, anaerobic processing, recirculation, nitrification,
denitrification, chlorination, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
(UVGI), and disinfection processing.
19. A liquid waste treatment apparatus comprising: a porous medium;
a fabric layer at least partially surrounding the porous medium;
and a semi-permeable or impermeable barrier layer disposed within
the porous medium, wherein there is space between the fabric layer
and the barrier layer, the space filled at least partially with the
porous medium, wherein a first portion of the apparatus is
configured to be in flow communication with a source of liquid
waste, wherein the porous medium facilitates bacterial growth.
20. The liquid waste treatment apparatus of claim 19, further
comprising at least one pipe disposed within the porous medium, the
pipe providing flow communication between the porous medium and the
atmosphere.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This patent application is a Continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 14/716,572, titled "Modular Liquid Waste
Treatment System and Method," filed on May 19, 2015, which claims
the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/000,241,
titled "Modular Liquid Waste Treatment System and Method," filed on
May 19, 2014. Each of these applications is herein incorporated by
reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] The present disclosure relates to treatment of liquid waste,
and more particularly to treatment of wastewater and septic
effluent.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Common liquid waste treatment options include aerobic
digestion and anaerobic digestion. In the bacterial process known
as aerobic digestion, microorganisms break down biodegradable
material in the presence of oxygen. In such aerobic processes,
gaseous byproducts may be produced including, for example, carbon
dioxide. In the bacterial process known as anaerobic digestion,
microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of
oxygen. In such anaerobic processes, gaseous byproducts may be
produced including, for example, methane.
SUMMARY
[0004] One example embodiment provides a liquid waste treatment
system including: a distribution unit having an interior and an
exterior and including a sidewall portion defining one or more
passageways; and at least one treatment fin external to the
distribution unit and in flow communication with its interior via
the one or more passageways, the at least one treatment fin
including: a porous medium; and an outer fabric layer at least
partially surrounding the porous medium. In some cases, the
distribution unit is substantially cylindrical and has an average
width/diameter in the range of about 2-48 inches. In some
instances, the distribution unit has a length in the range of about
12-120 inches. In some cases, the distribution unit length is
configured to be oriented substantially vertically with respect to
the ground. In some instances, the distribution unit is a
distribution box. In some cases, the distribution unit further
includes: a headspace portion formed above the one or more
passageways; and a sump portion formed below the one or more
passageways. In some instances, the system further includes: a
first opening positioned above the one or more passageways and
extending through the sidewall portion of the distribution unit; an
inlet baffle disposed within the distribution unit and aligned with
the first opening; a second opening positioned above the one or
more passageways and extending through the sidewall portion of the
distribution unit; and an outlet baffle disposed within the
distribution unit and aligned with the second opening. In some
cases, the system further includes at least one of: a source of
liquid waste coupled with the inlet baffle through the first
opening; and/or a vent stack coupled with the outlet baffle through
the second opening. In some instances, the distribution unit is a
corrugated conduit of at least one of cylindrical and/or prismatic
shape. In some cases, the distribution unit further includes one or
more skimmer tabs disposed within its interior over its sidewall
portion. In some instances, the sidewall portion of the
distribution unit includes one or more ridges disposed along its
exterior over its sidewall portion. In some cases, the sidewall
portion defines a plurality of passageways, each passageway having
a dimension in the range of about 0.01-1.5 inches across the
sidewall portion. In some instances, the plurality of passageways
is vertically aligned along the sidewall portion. In some cases,
the porous medium includes coarse, randomly distributed fibers. In
some instances, the porous medium includes at least one of coarse
sand, stone, and/or gravel. In some cases, the porous medium
includes at least one of polymeric beads and/or glass beads. In
some instances, the porous medium includes carbon blocks. In some
cases, the porous medium includes a natural aggregate. In some
instances, the porous medium includes a synthetic aggregate. In
some cases, the porous medium includes at least one of
polypropylene, polyethylene, and/or polystyrene. In some instances,
the outer fabric layer includes at least one of polypropylene,
polyethylene, and/or polyester fabric. In some instances, the outer
fabric layer includes a geotextile fabric. In some cases, the at
least one treatment fin further includes a semi-permeable or
impermeable barrier layer disposed within the porous medium, and
there is space between the outer layer and the barrier layer, the
space filled at least partially with the porous medium. In some
instances, the barrier layer is a partial layer that surrounds less
than the total volume of the porous medium. In some cases, the
barrier layer includes at least one of polypropylene, polyethylene,
and/or polyester fabric. In some instances, the barrier layer
includes a geotextile fabric. In some cases, the at least one
treatment fin further includes a plurality of semi-permeable or
impermeable barrier layers disposed within the porous medium,
wherein: there is space between adjacent barrier layers, the space
filled at least partially with the porous medium; and each
successive barrier layer, going from innermost to outermost, is of
at least one of greater surface area and/or greater size than one
before it. In some instances, the at least one treatment fin
further includes a plurality of semi-permeable or impermeable
barrier layers disposed within the porous medium, wherein: there is
space between adjacent barrier layers, the space filled at least
partially with the porous medium; and each successive barrier
layer, going from innermost to outermost, is of at least one of
lesser surface area and/or lesser size than one before it. In some
cases, at least one of the plurality of semi-permeable or
impermeable barrier layers is a partial layer that surrounds less
than the total volume of the porous medium. In some instances, the
plurality of semi-permeable or impermeable barrier layers includes:
a first impermeable barrier layer forming a reservoir having a
first volume; and a second impermeable barrier layer positioned
outside of the first impermeable barrier layer and forming a second
volume greater than the first volume. In some cases, the at least
one treatment fin further includes at least one pipe disposed
within the porous medium and coupled with at least one of the one
or more passageways defined by the sidewall portion of the
distribution unit. In some instances, at least a portion of the at
least one pipe is perforated. In some cases, at least a portion of
the at least one pipe is corrugated. In some instances, the at
least one pipe is configured to permit air flow within the at least
one treatment fin. In some cases, the system further includes at
least one of: a source of liquid waste coupled with the at least
one pipe; and/or a vent stack coupled with the at least one pipe.
In some instances, the system further includes an aeration pump
configured to agitate liquid waste contained within the
distribution unit, wherein the aeration pump is either: disposed
within the interior of the distribution unit; or external to the
distribution unit and coupled with the interior of the distribution
unit via a hose or conduit. In some cases, the system further
includes a discharge pump configured to discharge liquid waste from
the interior of the distribution unit, wherein the discharge pump
is disposed within the interior of the distribution unit. In some
instances, the at least one treatment fin has a curvilinear
cross-sectional geometry. In some cases, the at least one treatment
fin has a polygonal cross-sectional geometry. In some instances,
the at least one treatment fin has an average width/diameter in the
range of about 3-18 inches. In some cases, the at least one
treatment fin has an average height in the range of about 6-24
inches. In some instances, the at least one treatment fin has a
length in the range of about 24-84 inches. In some cases, the at
least one treatment fin has a uniform profile along its length. In
some instances, the at least one treatment fin has a non-uniform
profile along its length. In some cases, the at least one treatment
fin has a uniform cross-sectional profile. In some instances, the
at least one treatment fin has a non-uniform cross-sectional
profile. In some cases, the system further includes a treatment
material surrounding at least one of the distribution unit and/or
the at least one treatment fin, the treatment material including at
least one of treatment sand, crushed stone, gravel, soil, natural
aggregate, synthetic aggregate, glass beads, polymer beads,
expanded polymer beads, organic material, cellulose, and/or a
combination of any one or more thereof. In some instances, the
system further includes a liner surrounding at least a portion of
the treatment sand, wherein the liner includes an impermeable or
semi-permeable material. In some cases, a first portion of the
liner differs in permeability as compared to a second portion of
the liner. In some instances, the system further includes a
drainage material disposed between the liner and at least one of
the distribution unit and/or the at least one treatment fin. In
some cases, the at least one treatment fin has a volume of about
one gallon or greater. In some instances, the system includes a
single distribution unit and exhibits a total treatment fin surface
area of greater than about 10 ft.sup.2. In some cases, the at least
one treatment fin includes at least one of a bacterial layer and/or
a filtration layer. In some instances, the at least one treatment
fin is flexible and can be wrapped around a 6 inch-diameter pipe
without breakage. In some cases, the at least one treatment fin is
malleable such that its thickness can be changed by .+-.10% without
causing damage thereto. In some instances, the system includes at
least four treatment fins. In some cases, the system includes two
or more treatment fins that extend radially in a horizontal plane
from the distribution unit. In some instances, the distribution
unit and the at least one treatment fin in flow communication
therewith can treat an amount of liquid waste associated with one
bedroom. In some cases, the distribution unit and the at least one
treatment fin in flow communication therewith can treat an amount
of liquid waste associated with two or more bedrooms. In some
instances, the system covers less than 250 ft.sup.2 of land and is
configured to treat an amount of liquid waste associated with a
four bedroom house. In some cases, the at least one treatment fin
has an exterior surface area greater than an exterior surface area
of the distribution unit. In some instances, the system is further
configured to provide for at least one of recirculation and/or
denitrification of the liquid waste. In some cases, a system is
provided, the system including: a first treatment cell including a
first liquid waste treatment system configured as described herein;
and a second treatment cell including a second liquid waste
treatment system configured as described herein; wherein the first
treatment cell is configured to be positioned at a first depth with
respect to the ground and the second treatment cell is configured
to be positioned at a different second depth with respect to the
ground. In some cases, a system is provided, the system including:
a first treatment cell including a first liquid waste treatment
system configured as described herein, the first treatment cell
having an areal footprint of X ft.sup.2; and a second treatment
cell including a second liquid waste treatment system configured as
described herein, the second treatment cell having an areal
footprint of Y ft.sup.2; wherein the first and second treatment
cells are installed in an area that is less than X ft.sup.2+Y
ft.sup.2.
[0005] Another example embodiment provides a method of treating
liquid waste, the method including: passing liquid waste through a
sidewall of a distribution unit into a treatment fin in flow
communication with the distribution unit, the treatment fin
including a porous medium; treating the liquid waste via bacterial
digestion by passing the liquid waste through the porous medium of
the treatment fin; and passing the resultant treated liquid from
the treatment fin. In some cases, bacterial digestion occurs at
least one of in and/or on the treatment fin. In some instances,
passing the resultant treated liquid from the treatment fin
includes: passing the resultant treated liquid into a medium
surrounding the treatment fin. In some cases, the medium
surrounding the treatment fin includes at least one of treatment
sand, crushed stone, gravel, soil, natural aggregate, synthetic
aggregate, glass beads, polymer beads, expanded polymer beads,
organic material, cellulose, and/or a combination of any one or
more thereof. In some instances, the method further includes:
settling the liquid waste in the distribution unit. In some cases,
the method further includes: flowing liquid waste from the
distribution unit to a second distribution unit via a discharge
pump. In some instances, the method further includes: flowing
liquid waste from the distribution unit to a second distribution
unit via gravitational force only. In some cases, the method
further includes: reducing biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the
liquid waste by about 90% or greater. In some instances, the liquid
waste passed through the sidewall of the distribution unit into the
treatment fin passes into only a lower portion of that treatment
fin. In some cases, the method further includes: retaining liquid
in a lower portion of the treatment fin. In some instances, the
method further includes: flowing sump fluid of the liquid waste
from the distribution unit into a second distribution unit. In some
cases, the method further includes: allowing solids to settle from
the liquid waste in the distribution unit. In some instances, the
treatment fin includes a permeable layer covering at least a
portion of the porous medium, and passing the resultant treated
liquid from the treatment fin includes: passing the resultant
treated liquid through the permeable layer. In some cases, the
permeable layer includes at least one of polypropylene,
polyethylene, and/or polyester fabric. In some instances, the
permeable layer includes a geotextile fabric. In some cases, the
treatment fin includes at least one semi-permeable or impermeable
barrier layer disposed within the porous medium, and passing the
resultant treated liquid from the treatment fin includes:
collecting liquid in a volume formed by the at least one barrier
layer. In some instances, the at least one semi-permeable or
impermeable barrier layer is a partial layer that surrounds less
than the total volume of the porous medium. In some cases, the at
least one semi-permeable or impermeable barrier layer includes at
least one of polypropylene, polyethylene, and/or polyester fabric.
In some instances, the at least one semi-permeable or impermeable
barrier layer includes a geotextile fabric. In some cases, the at
least one semi-permeable or impermeable barrier layer is a
plurality of semi-permeable or impermeable barrier layers, there is
space between adjacent barrier layers, the space filled at least
partially with the porous medium, and each successive barrier
layer, going from innermost to outermost, is of at least one of
greater surface area and/or greater size than one before it. In
some instances, the at least one semi-permeable or impermeable
barrier layer is a plurality of semi-permeable or impermeable
barrier layers, there is space between adjacent barrier layers, the
space filled at least partially with the porous medium, and each
successive barrier layer, going from innermost to outermost, is of
at least one of lesser surface area and/or lesser size than one
before it. In some cases, at least one of the plurality of
semi-permeable or impermeable barrier layers is a partial layer
that surrounds less than the total volume of the porous medium. In
some instances, the method further includes at least one of:
drawing air from a surrounding environment into the distribution
unit via a vent stack coupled with the distribution unit; and/or
venting gas from the distribution unit into a surrounding
environment via a vent stack coupled with the distribution unit. In
some cases, the method further includes: treating the liquid waste
via at least one of recirculation and/or denitrification. In some
instances, the liquid waste includes at least one of sewage, septic
effluent, industrial effluent, contaminated groundwater, household
wastewater, and/or storm runoff.
[0006] Another example embodiment provides a liquid waste treatment
system including: a first treatment cell including: a first
distribution unit including a sidewall, the first distribution unit
including: a first sump portion in a lower portion of the first
distribution unit; a first headspace portion in an upper portion of
the first distribution unit; and a first middle portion positioned
between the first sump portion and the first headspace portion, the
sidewall of the first middle portion defining a first passageway;
and at least one treatment fin in flow communication to an interior
of the first middle portion via the first passageway, wherein the
at least one treatment fin includes a porous medium. In some cases,
the system further includes: a second treatment cell downstream of
the first treatment cell, the second treatment cell including: a
second distribution unit including a sidewall, the second
distribution unit including: a second sump portion in a lower
portion of the second distribution unit; a second headspace portion
in an upper portion of the second distribution unit; and a second
middle portion positioned between the second sump portion and the
second headspace portion, the sidewall of the second middle portion
defining a second passageway; and at least one treatment fin in
flow communication to an interior of the second middle portion via
the second passageway, wherein the at least one treatment fin
includes a porous medium. In some instances, the first distribution
unit is in direct flow communication with the second distribution
unit. In some cases, the first sump portion is in direct flow
communication with the second sump portion. In some instances, the
first middle portion is in direct flow communication with the
second middle portion. In some cases, the system further includes a
vent stack in flow communication with the first headspace and the
second headspace. In some instances, the first treatment cell is
elevated in relation to the second treatment cell. In some cases,
the first treatment cell is configured to be positioned at a first
depth with respect to the ground and the second treatment cell is
configured to be positioned at a different second depth with
respect to the ground. In some instances, at least one of the first
treatment cell and/or the second treatment cell is in flow
communication with a distribution box. In some cases, the first and
second treatment cells at least partially interlock with one
another.
[0007] Another example embodiment provides a liquid waste treatment
apparatus including: a porous medium; and a first fabric layer at
least partially surrounding the porous medium; wherein a first
portion of the apparatus is configured to be in flow communication
with a source of liquid waste. In some cases, a second portion of
the apparatus is configured to be in flow communication with the
source of liquid waste. In some instances, the porous medium
includes coarse, randomly distributed fibers. In some cases, the
porous medium includes at least one of coarse sand, stone, and/or
gravel. In some instances, the porous medium includes at least one
of polymeric beads and/or glass beads. In some cases, the porous
medium includes carbon blocks. In some instances, the porous medium
includes a natural aggregate. In some cases, the porous medium
includes a synthetic aggregate. In some instances, the porous
medium includes at least one of polypropylene, polyethylene, and/or
polystyrene. In some cases, the outer fabric layer includes at
least one of polypropylene, polyethylene, and/or polyester fabric.
In some instances, the outer fabric layer includes a geotextile
fabric. In some cases, the apparatus further includes a
semi-permeable or impermeable barrier layer disposed within the
porous medium, wherein there is space between the outer layer and
the barrier layer, the space filled at least partially with the
porous medium. In some instances, the barrier layer is a partial
layer that surrounds less than the total volume of the porous
medium. In some cases, the barrier layer includes at least one of
polypropylene, polyethylene, and/or polyester fabric. In some
instances, the barrier layer includes a geotextile fabric. In some
cases, the apparatus further includes a plurality of semi-permeable
or impermeable barrier layers disposed within the porous medium,
wherein each successive barrier layer, going from innermost to
outermost, is of at least one of greater surface area and/or
greater size than one before it. In some instances, the apparatus
further includes a plurality of semi-permeable or impermeable
barrier layers disposed within the porous medium, wherein each
successive barrier layer, going from innermost to outermost, is of
at least one of lesser surface area and/or lesser size than one
before it. In some cases, at least one of the plurality of
semi-permeable or impermeable barrier layers is a partial layer
that surrounds less than the total volume of the porous medium. In
some cases, the apparatus further includes at least one pipe
disposed within the porous medium. In some instances, at least a
portion of the at least one pipe is perforated. In some cases, at
least a portion of the at least one pipe is corrugated. In some
instances, the at least one pipe is configured to permit air flow
within the apparatus. In some cases, the at least one pipe is
configured to be coupled with at least one of a source of liquid
waste and/or a vent stack. In some instances, the apparatus has a
curvilinear cross-sectional geometry. In some cases, the apparatus
has a polygonal cross-sectional geometry. In some instances, the
apparatus has an average width/diameter in the range of about 3-18
inches. In some cases, the apparatus has an average height in the
range of about 6-24 inches. In some instances, the apparatus has a
length in the range of about 24-84 inches. In some cases, the
apparatus has a uniform profile along its length. In some
instances, the apparatus has a non-uniform profile along its
length. In some cases, the apparatus has a uniform cross-sectional
profile. In some instances, the apparatus has a non-uniform
cross-sectional profile. In some cases, the apparatus has a volume
of about one gallon or greater. In some instances, the apparatus
further includes at least one of a bacterial layer and/or a
filtration layer. In some cases, the apparatus is flexible and can
be wrapped around a 6 inch-diameter pipe without breakage. In some
instances, the source of liquid waste includes a distribution
box.
[0008] Another example embodiment provides a treatment fin for
treating wastewater, the treatment fin including: an interior
portion having a first volume at least partially filled with a
porous medium; a fabric layer surrounding at least a portion of the
porous medium; and a passageway providing flow communication
between the porous medium and an exterior of the treatment fin, the
passageway configured to make a fluid flow connection with a
wastewater source. In some cases, the porous medium has a volume
that is at least 90% of the first volume. In some instances, the
porous medium has a pore volume of greater than 20%. In some cases,
the porous medium has a pore volume of greater than 50%. In some
instances, the porous medium has a pore volume of less than 50%. In
some cases, the porous medium has a pore volume of less than 20%.
In some instances, the porous medium provides a surface area that
is more than five times an outer surface area of the treatment fin.
In some cases, the porous medium provides a surface area that is
more than twenty times an outer surface area of the treatment fin.
In some instances, the treatment fin has at least one of a
circular, oblong, oval, ellipsoidal, and polygonal cross-sectional
shape. In some cases, the treatment fin has a cross-sectional shape
that changes in at least one of size and/or geometry from a first
end to a second end thereof. In some instances, the first end
includes the passageway. In some cases, the fabric layer is
semi-permeable and is configured to reduce a flow of water through
the treatment fin as compared to a flow of water that would occur
in the absence of the semi-permeable fabric layer. In some
instances, the treatment fin further includes a second fabric layer
positioned in the porous medium and configured to retain water and
reduce a flow of water downwardly through the porous medium and,
optionally, without reducing longitudinal flow of water through the
porous medium. In some cases, the treatment fin further includes a
third fabric layer positioned in the porous medium and nested with
the second fabric layer, wherein there is space between the second
and third fabric layers, as well as between the first and second
fabric layers. In some instances, the porous medium fills the space
between the second and third fabric layers. In some cases, the
treatment fin has a flexibility allowing at least a portion thereof
to be wrapped around a 6 inch, 12 inch, 18 inch, or 24 inch radius
without breaching the fabric layer and without preventing fluid
flow through the porous medium. In some instances, the entire
treatment fin has the flexibility. In some cases, a wastewater
treatment system is provided, the system including at least one
treatment fin configured as described herein, wherein the at least
one treatment fin is in flow communication with a wastewater
source. In some instances, the wastewater source includes at least
one of a septic tank, a distribution box, and a storm drain. In
some cases, the system is configured to treat household wastewater.
In some instances, the at least one treatment fin is a plurality of
treatment fins extending radially from a distribution unit in flow
communication with the plurality of treatment fins. In some cases,
the plurality of treatment fins is attached by a shared sleeve
configured to secure the plurality in flow communication with the
distribution unit. In some instances, the at least one treatment
fin is two treatment fins, the two treatment fins sharing a common
passageway in flow communication with a distribution unit. In some
cases, the at least one treatment fin is a plurality of treatment
fins installed in an asymmetrical pattern. In some instances, the
at least one treatment fin is a plurality of treatment fins
installed in a symmetrical pattern. In some cases, the at least one
treatment fin is a plurality of treatment fins configured such that
a horizontal plane passes through each treatment fin of the
plurality. In some instances, the at least one treatment fin is a
plurality of treatment fins configured such that a horizontal plane
passes through at least one, but not all, treatment fins of the
plurality. In some cases, the at least one treatment fin is a
plurality of treatment fins, and wherein at least two of the
treatment fins are positioned at different depths. In some
instances, the at least one treatment fin is a plurality of
treatment fins, and wherein at least two of the treatment fins are
configured with different shapes. In some cases, the at least one
treatment fin includes at least two passageways and is in flow
communication with a distribution unit at more than one location.
In some instances, the at least one treatment fin is a plurality of
treatment fins, and wherein at least two of the treatment fins are
positioned substantially parallel to one another. In some cases,
the wastewater treatment system includes at least a first treatment
cell and a second treatment cell, wherein each of the first and
second treatment cells includes at least one of the at least one
treatment fin in flow communication with at least one distribution
unit. In some instances, the first treatment cell has a first areal
footprint; the second treatment cell has a second areal footprint;
and the first and second areal footprints at least partially
overlap one another. In some cases, the first and second treatment
cells are in parallel flow communication with a wastewater source.
In some instances, the first and second treatment cells are in
serial flow communication with a wastewater source. In some cases,
the wastewater treatment system further includes at least a third
treatment cell and a fourth treatment cell, wherein: at least two
treatment cells are in serial flow communication with one another;
and at least two treatment cells are in parallel flow communication
with a wastewater source. In some instances, at least two treatment
cells are in serial flow communication with one another, and at
least one treatment cell is downhill of another. In some cases, at
least one of the at least one treatment fin is in contact with a
porous material including at least one of treatment sand, crushed
stone, gravel, soil, natural aggregate, synthetic aggregate, glass
beads, polymer beads, expanded polymer beads, organic material,
cellulose, and a combination of any one or more thereof. In some
instances, any portion of the at least one treatment fin not
contacting a distribution unit is surrounded by the porous medium.
In some cases, a first treatment cell has an areal footprint of X
ft.sup.2; a second treatment cell has an areal footprint of Y
ft.sup.2; and the first and second treatment cells are installed in
an area that is less than X ft.sup.2+Y ft.sup.2. In some instances,
the interior portion of the treatment fin includes: a first section
containing the porous medium; and a second section that is devoid
of the porous medium. In some cases, the first section is separated
from the second section by a rigid framework. In some instances,
the rigid framework is configured to allow fluid flow there through
and prevent passage of the porous medium there through.
[0009] The features and advantages described herein are not
all-inclusive and, in particular, many additional features and
advantages will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in
view of the drawings, specification, and claims. Moreover, it
should be noted that the language used in the specification has
been selected principally for readability and instructional
purposes and not to limit the scope of the inventive subject
matter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] FIG. 1A is a plan view of a treatment module configured in
accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0011] FIG. 1B is a side view of the treatment module of FIG. 1A
configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present
disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 1C is a side view of the treatment module of FIG. 1A
configured with staggered treatment fins, in accordance with
another embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 1D is another side view of the treatment module of FIG.
1A.
[0014] FIG. 2A is a side view of a distribution unit configured in
accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 2B is another side view of the distribution unit of
FIG. 2A.
[0016] FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view of the distribution unit
of FIG. 2A taken along line 2C-2C therein.
[0017] FIG. 3A is a side view of a distribution unit configured in
accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 3B is another side view of the distribution unit of
FIG. 3A.
[0019] FIG. 4A is a side view of a distribution unit configured in
accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 4B is another side view of the distribution unit of
FIG. 4A.
[0021] FIG. 5A is a side view of a distribution unit configured in
accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the distribution unit
of FIG. 5A taken along line 5B-5B therein.
[0023] FIG. 6A is a side view of a distribution unit configured in
accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of the distribution unit
of FIG. 6A taken along line 6B-6B therein.
[0025] FIG. 7A is a side view of a distribution unit configured in
accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 7B is another side view of the distribution unit of
FIG. 7A.
[0027] FIG. 7C is a side view of a treatment module including the
distribution unit of FIG. 7A, in accordance with an embodiment of
the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 7D is another side view of the treatment module of FIG.
7C.
[0029] FIG. 8A is a side cross-sectional view of a distribution
unit configured in accordance with another embodiment of the
present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 8B is a side cross-sectional view of a distribution
unit configured in accordance with another embodiment of the
present disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 9 is an end perspective view of an example treatment
fin configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present
disclosure.
[0032] FIGS. 10A-10C are cross-sectional views of several example
treatment fins configured in accordance with some embodiments of
the present disclosure.
[0033] FIGS. 11A-11B are side views of several example treatment
fins configured in accordance with some embodiments of the present
disclosure.
[0034] FIGS. 12A-12C are top-down views of several example
treatment fins configured in accordance with some embodiments of
the present disclosure.
[0035] FIGS. 13A-13G are plan views of several example treatment
fins configured in accordance with some embodiments of the present
disclosure.
[0036] FIGS. 14A-14B are side cross-sectional views of several
example treatment fins configured in accordance with some
embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 15 is an end perspective view of an example treatment
fin configured in accordance with another embodiment of the present
disclosure.
[0038] FIGS. 16A-16C are cross-sectional views of several example
treatment fins configured in accordance with some embodiments of
the present disclosure.
[0039] FIGS. 17A-17B are side cross-sectional views of several
example treatment fins configured in accordance with some
embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIGS. 18A-18E illustrate an example method of assembling a
plurality of treatment fins in flow communication with a
distribution unit, in accordance with an embodiment of the present
disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 19A is a plan view of a rectangular treatment cell
configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present
disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 19B is a side view of the rectangular treatment cell of
FIG. 19A.
[0043] FIG. 19C is another side view of the rectangular treatment
cell of FIG. 19A.
[0044] FIG. 20A is a plan view of a rounded treatment cell
configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present
disclosure.
[0045] FIG. 20B is a side view of the rounded treatment cell of
FIG. 20A.
[0046] FIG. 21A is a plan view of a rounded treatment cell
configured in accordance with another embodiment of the present
disclosure.
[0047] FIG. 21B is a side view of the rounded treatment cell of
FIG. 21A.
[0048] FIG. 22 is a plan view of a rounded treatment cell
configured in accordance with another embodiment of the present
disclosure.
[0049] FIG. 23A is a side view of a rectangular treatment cell
configured in accordance with another embodiment of the present
disclosure.
[0050] FIG. 23B is another side view of the rectangular treatment
cell of FIG. 23A.
[0051] FIG. 24A is a plan view of a serial arrangement of
rectangular treatment cells configured in accordance with an
embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0052] FIG. 24B is a side view of the serial arrangement of FIG.
24A.
[0053] FIG. 24C is another side view of the serial arrangement of
FIG. 24A.
[0054] FIG. 25A is a plan view of a serial arrangement of rounded
treatment cells configured in accordance with an embodiment of the
present disclosure.
[0055] FIG. 25B is a partial side view of the serial arrangement of
FIG. 25A.
[0056] FIG. 25C is another side view of the serial arrangement of
FIG. 25A.
[0057] FIG. 26A is a plan view of a terraced serial arrangement of
rectangular treatment cells configured in accordance with an
embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0058] FIG. 26B is a side view of the terraced serial arrangement
of FIG. 26A.
[0059] FIG. 26C is another side view of the terraced serial
arrangement of FIG. 26A.
[0060] FIG. 27A is a plan view of a narrow/consolidated terraced
serial arrangement of rectangular treatment cells configured in
accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0061] FIG. 27B is a side view of the narrow/consolidated terraced
serial arrangement of FIG. 27A.
[0062] FIG. 28A is a plan view of an interlocking serial
arrangement of rectangular treatment cells configured in accordance
with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0063] FIG. 28B is a side view of the interlocking serial
arrangement of FIG. 28A.
[0064] FIG. 28C is another side view of the interlocking serial
arrangement of FIG. 28A.
[0065] FIG. 29A is a plan view of an arrangement of rectangular
treatment cells including a distribution box configured in
accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0066] FIG. 29B is a side view of the arrangement of FIG. 29A.
[0067] FIG. 30A is a plan view of a multi-tiered arrangement of
rectangular treatment cells configured in accordance with an
embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0068] FIG. 30B is a side view of the multi-tiered arrangement of
FIG. 30A.
[0069] FIG. 30C is another side view of the multi-tiered
arrangement of FIG. 30A.
[0070] FIG. 31A is a plan view of a serial arrangement of
rectangular treatment cells configured in accordance with another
embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0071] FIG. 31B is a side view of the serial arrangement of FIG.
31A.
[0072] FIG. 31C is another side view of the serial arrangement of
FIG. 31A.
[0073] These and other features of the present embodiments will be
understood better by reading the following detailed description,
taken together with the figures herein described. The accompanying
drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings,
each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in
various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes
of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every
drawing.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0074] A modular liquid waste treatment system is disclosed. In
accordance with some embodiments, the system includes a central
distribution unit and one or more treatment fins in flow
communication therewith. The distribution unit may be configured to
receive liquid waste from a given source and distribute that liquid
waste, at least in part, to one or more treatment fins. In turn,
bacteria may be present in a given treatment fin or fins to treat
the liquid waste, and the resultant treated liquid may drain from
the fin to the surrounding environment. In some embodiments, a
given treatment fin may include porous media providing a large
surface area on which bacteria may grow to facilitate treatment.
The system may be installed in and/or above the ground, as desired,
and in some cases may be surrounded, at least in part, with
treatment sand and/or other treatment media. The system may be used
in aerobic and/or anaerobic processing of liquid waste. Numerous
configurations and variations will be apparent in light of this
disclosure.
[0075] General Overview
[0076] A modular liquid waste treatment system is disclosed. In
accordance with some embodiments, the treatment system includes one
or more treatment modules. A treatment module includes a central
distribution unit and one or more treatment fins in flow
communication therewith. The distribution unit may be configured to
receive liquid waste from a given source, such as a septic tank, a
distribution box, a storm drain, or another upstream distribution
unit. The distribution unit may hold the liquid waste until a
sufficient liquid level is reached, at which point some of the
liquid waste may exit through a passageway in the sidewall of the
unit, for example, to the one or more treatment fins associated
therewith and/or to another downstream distribution unit.
[0077] A treatment fin, as used herein, is configured to be in flow
communication with a central distribution unit so that wastewater
or other liquid to be treated can pass from the central
distribution unit into the fin. A treatment fin includes one or
more porous media that are (optionally) retained by an outer
retaining material, such as a fabric. The porous material may be
added to the treatment fin (e.g., the treatment fin is filled with
porous material) after placement at the site, or it may be in place
when the treatment fin is shipped or installed. In some cases, a
treatment fin may be limited to a single opening that is in flow
communication with a distribution unit. In many embodiments,
treated liquid (e.g., water) exiting a treatment fin passes through
a material that at least partially retains fluids or retards fluid
flow. The fabric optionally surrounding at least a portion of the
porous material of a given treatment fin may be, for example,
permeable, semi-permeable, or impermeable (e.g., to water), and
different types of fabrics may be used to cover different portions
of the treatment fin. Additional layers of fabric, for example,
permeable or semi-permeable fabric, may be used inside the
treatment fin so that successive layers of fabric and porous media
are apparent passing from the external surface to the inner core of
the treatment fin. The length of a treatment fin can be measured,
for example, from the point of contact with a central distribution
unit to an end that is most distal from the central distribution
unit. The width of a treatment fin can be measured, for example,
across the fin in a horizontal direction (when installed) that is
orthogonal (e.g., offset by 90.degree.) to the length. The height
of a treatment fin is the distance from the top of the treatment
fin to the bottom thereof when the treatment fin is in an installed
position. The length-to-width ratio of a treatment fin may be, for
example, greater than 2:1, greater than 3:1, greater than 5:1,
greater than 10:1, less than 50:1, less than 20:1, less than 10:1,
or less than 5:1. The length-to-height ratio of a treatment fin may
be, for example, greater than 1:1, greater than 2:1, greater than
3:1, less than 10:1, less than 5:1, or less than 2:1. The outer
surface area-to-volume ratio (ft.sup.2/ft.sup.3) of a treatment fin
may be, for example, greater than 2:1, greater than 5:1, greater
than 10:1, less than 20:1, less than 10:1, less than 5:1 or less
than 2:1. A treatment fin may be self-supportive or may be
supported, for instance, by treatment sand or other material after
installation. A treatment fin may be stiff or flexible (or have
portions of both) and in some cases can be curved and re-curved in
situ to minimize the square footage that is required for the
functional installation of the treatment module. A treatment fin
may include a flange, typically around the opening thereof, that
mates with the distribution unit. The flange may aid in positioning
or fixing the fin to the distribution unit or to a sleeve or other
connector that is later affixed to the distribution unit. Numerous
configurations will be apparent in light of this disclosure.
[0078] A given treatment fin may treat the liquid waste received
from the distribution unit via bacterial digestion and then drain
the resultant treated liquid to the surrounding environment. To
that end, in some embodiments, a given treatment fin may include
one or more types of porous media which provide a large surface
area on which bacteria may grow, facilitating treatment of the
liquid waste. A system configured as described herein may be
installed in and/or above the ground, as desired, and in some cases
may be surrounded, at least in part, with treatment sand and/or
other supplemental treatment media, as desired for a given target
application or end-use. The entire treatment fin and its
constituent components, such as, for example, one or more porous
media, one or more outer layers, and/or one or more interior layers
may be gas-permeable, in some embodiments.
[0079] In accordance with some embodiments, a treatment system
configured as described herein can be utilized to treat any of a
wide range of liquid wastes, including, for example: (1)
sewage/septic effluent; (2) industrial effluent; (3) contaminated
groundwater; (4) storm runoff; (5) household wastewater; and/or (6)
any other type of wastewater which may undergo aerobic and/or
anaerobic treatment. In some cases, a system configured as
described herein may be gravity fed (i.e., liquid waste may flow
via gravitational force) and, in some instances, aided by capillary
action provided by the porous media of a given treatment fin.
However, the present disclosure is not so limited, as in some
cases, liquid waste may be pumped and/or vacuum-drawn through the
disclosed system. Treatment of the liquid waste using the disclosed
treatment system may be performed under aerobic and/or anaerobic
conditions, as desired for a given target application or
end-use.
[0080] As previously noted, a treatment system configured as
described herein may be configured, in accordance with some
embodiments, to be installed, in part or in whole, above the ground
and/or within the ground. In some cases, the space around the
distribution unit and the one or more treatment fins of a given
system may be backfilled with treatment sand (and/or other suitable
treatment/filtration media), and topsoil may be disposed there
over. The depth at which a treatment system is installed may be
customized, as desired for a given target application or end-use.
In some embodiments, extremely efficient treatment may allow for
shallow placement of the treatment system in areas having high
water tables or poor percolation.
[0081] In accordance with some embodiments, multiple treatment
systems configured as described herein can be coupled with one
another in any of a wide range of system arrangements to provide
for great variation in treatment configurations. For instance,
series arrangements, terraced arrangements, arrangements including
a distribution box, and varying system footprints (e.g., linear;
rounded; narrow; interlocking) may be provided using the disclosed
treatment system. In accordance with some embodiments, the
treatment capacity/throughput of a system configured as described
herein can be customized, as desired for a given target application
or end-use. In an example case, a treatment system may include one
or more treatment modules. A treatment module includes a central
distribution unit and the treatment fins that are attached (or
otherwise operatively coupled) thereto. A treatment module may be
sized and configured to treat the amount of liquid waste associated
with a bedroom or may be sized and configured to treat the waste
associated with a fraction of a bedroom (e.g., 1/2 or 1/2 of a
bedroom) or multiple bedrooms (e.g., 2, 3, 4, or more bedrooms). In
one set of example embodiments, a treatment module may be sized so
as to occupy less than 50 ft.sup.2, less than 100 ft.sup.2, less
than 250 ft.sup.2, or less than 500 ft.sup.2 of land while allowing
for treatment of an amount of liquid waste associated with a four
bedroom house. A treatment system may include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or
more treatment modules. This can provide for a modular system in
which an installer or engineer can specify a specific number of
treatment modules on, for example, a per bedroom, per volume, or
per person basis. For instance, a four bedroom house may call for a
system that includes four treatment modules. The distribution unit
of each of the treatment modules may be fed by a common source, and
the distribution units may be arranged in parallel or serial (or
both) flow communication with each other. In some embodiments, a
treatment system provided as described herein may be configured to
treat liquid waste to reduce its biochemical oxygen demand (BOD),
for example, by about 70% or greater, about 80% or greater, or
about 90% or greater. In accordance with some embodiments,
nitrification and/or denitrification may be performed directly
within a treatment system configured as described herein. Numerous
configurations and treatment capacities will be apparent in light
of this disclosure.
[0082] In some instances, a treatment system provided using the
disclosed techniques can be configured, for example, as: (1) a
partially/completely assembled treatment system unit; and/or (2) a
kit or other collection of discrete components (e.g., distribution
unit; one or more treatment fins; etc.) which may be operatively
coupled as desired. In accordance with some embodiments, a
treatment system provided as described herein may be configured for
compatibility with anaerobic processing. For instance, in an
example embodiment, a treatment system provided as described herein
may be coupled with an anaerobic processing module such as that
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,501,006, titled "Apparatus and Method
for Processing Liquid Waste," which is herein incorporated by
reference in its entirety.
[0083] As used herein, an impermeable material is one which
prevents the flow of water and/or other liquids therethrough, and
in some cases may be designed to retain liquid indefinitely. A
semi-permeable material may be one which allows water and/or other
liquids to pass therethrough after a period of retention, which may
vary with the composition and structure of the material. In some
instances, water and/or other liquids may pass through a
semi-permeable material, but most solids may be retained thereby.
An impermeable material which has been breached (e.g.,
needle-punched or otherwise punctured) may serve as a
semi-permeable material. A permeable material may be one which
allows water and/or other liquids to pass freely therethrough with
minimal or no retention. Permeable materials may include pores that
allow for the free flow of water and/or other liquids, while
preventing the passage of some undissolved solids.
[0084] Furthermore, it should be noted that although reference is
generally made herein to the use of one or more treatment fins, the
present disclosure is not so limited only to the use of generally
fin-like structures. In a more general sense, and in accordance
with some other embodiments, a given treatment body configured as
described herein to be operatively coupled with a distribution
unit, a distribution box, or other source of liquid waste can be of
any desired shape, geometry, and dimensions, fin-like or otherwise,
as desired for a given target application or end-use. Numerous
configurations and variations will be apparent in light of this
disclosure.
[0085] System Structure and Operation
[0086] FIGS. 1A-1D illustrate several views of a treatment module
10 configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present
disclosure. As can be seen, treatment module 10 includes a
distribution unit 100 and one or more treatment fins 200 in flow
communication therewith. In some embodiments, the treatment fins
200 of a given treatment module 10 may be arranged in line with one
another (e.g., as in FIG. 1B), whereas in some other embodiments,
at least a first treatment fin 200 may be vertically offset from a
second treatment fin 200 by a vertical distance (.DELTA.Y) along
the length of unit 100 (e.g., as in FIG. 1C). As can be seen
further, treatment module 10 may include an inlet baffle 150 and an
outlet baffle 160, in some embodiments. A discussion of these
elements is provided below.
[0087] The distribution unit 100 of a given treatment module 10 may
have any of a wide range of configurations. For example, consider
FIGS. 2A-2C, which illustrate several views of a distribution unit
100 configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present
disclosure. As can be seen here, distribution unit 100 may be
formed, in some embodiments, as a generally tubular body including
a lower sump portion 110, a mid-portion 120, and an upper headspace
portion 130 (each discussed below), arranged as generally shown.
The sidewall 102 of distribution unit 100 may define an interior
hollow region 105, which, in some embodiments, extends through the
entire length of distribution unit 100, passing from lower end 112
to upper end 132 and thus providing a longitudinal passageway
within distribution unit 100. In some other embodiments, however,
interior hollow region 105 may pass through only a portion of the
length of distribution unit 100, partially extending, for example,
from upper end 132 towards lower end 112 and thus providing a
longitudinal recess within distribution unit 100. The longitudinal
passageway defines an axis, and the axis of the distribution unit
100 may be oriented substantially (e.g., within 10.degree.)
vertically or vertically when installed. In other embodiments, the
axis of the distribution unit 100 may be substantially horizontal
(e.g., within 10.degree.) or horizontal, or between horizontal and
vertical.
[0088] In some embodiments, distribution unit 100 may be formed
such that at least one of its lower end 112 and/or its upper end
132 is unoccluded by sidewall 102, and thus that distribution unit
100 may be considered open-ended, at least in part. In an example
case, distribution unit 100 includes both a lower end 112 and an
upper end 132 that are unoccluded by sidewall 102. In some other
embodiments, however, distribution unit 100 may be formed such that
at least one of its lower end 112 and/or its upper end 132 is
occluded by sidewall 102, and thus that distribution unit 100 may
be considered closed-ended, at least in part. In an example case,
distribution unit 100 includes a lower end 112 that is occluded by
sidewall 102 and an upper end 132 that is unoccluded by sidewall
102. Either or both ends also may be covered by a material such as
a fabric and may be permeable, semi-permeable, or impermeable.
[0089] The interior and/or the exterior of distribution unit 100
may be corrugated, in part or in whole. In some embodiments,
distribution unit 100 may be corrugated along substantially its
entire length (e.g., as in FIGS. 2A-2B). In some other embodiments,
however, distribution unit 100 may have one or more non-corrugated
portions (e.g., such as can be seen with respect to distribution
unit 100 in FIGS. 4A-4B, discussed below). Corrugation of a given
portion (e.g., sump portion 110, mid-portion 120, and/or headspace
portion 130) of distribution unit 100 may provide for additional
surface area on which bacteria may grow, which in turn may
facilitate treatment of liquid waste received by that unit 100, in
accordance with some embodiments. Corrugations also may provide
flexibility to the distribution unit 100.
[0090] Distribution unit 100 may be constructed from any of a wide
range of materials, and in some instances may be made from a
substantially rigid, non-degradable material. The material selected
for a given distribution unit 100 may be hydrophilic or
hydrophobic, as desired for a given target application or end-use.
Some example suitable materials from which distribution unit 100
may be constructed include: (1) a polymer, such as polyolefins
including polypropylene and polyethylene, polyolefin,
polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and/or acrylonitrile
butadiene styrene (ABS); (2) a metal or alloy, such as copper (Cu),
aluminum (Al), steel, and/or cast iron; (3) wood; (4) concrete; (5)
clay; (6) glass; (7) ceramic; (8) a refractory material; and/or (9)
a combination of any one or more of the aforementioned materials.
Polymers may be, for example, homopolymers, copolymers, or
terpolymers, and distribution unit 100 may be formed using
techniques known to those of skill in the art, such as, for
example, extrusion, blow molding, or combinations thereof. In some
cases, a first portion of distribution unit 100 may be formed from
a first material (or combination of materials), whereas a second
portion thereof may be formed from a second, different material (or
combination of materials). For instance, in an example case,
distribution unit 100 may include a concrete sump portion 110 and a
mid-portion 120 and headspace portion 130 (see FIG. 4) which are
formed from a polymer. In some embodiments, the distribution unit
100 may include two or more separate portions that are joined at
opening 125, so that when the two or more portions are joined, they
can clamp around the proximal end of a treatment fin 200, securing
it in place. The portions may be joined together by a fastener such
as a locking ring, a clamp, screw, bolt, tape, hook and loop
fastener, and/or heat shrink tubing sized to fit around the
distribution unit 100. Portions also may be welded together or
fastened with an adhesive. A gasket or other material may be used
at the interface between the portions. In another example case,
distribution unit 100 may include a steel sump portion 110 and a
mid-portion 120 and headspace portion 130 which are formed from a
plastic. In some cases, distribution unit 100 may be formed from a
material that may be injection molded. In some cases, the interior
and/or the exterior of distribution unit 100 may be coated, for
example, with one or more coatings which promote or discourage
bacterial growth, as desired. Other suitable materials for
distribution unit 100 will depend on a given application and will
be apparent in light of this disclosure.
[0091] In some embodiments, distribution unit 100 may be generally
cylindrical in shape, having a circular, elliptical, or other
curvilinear cross-sectional profile (e.g., as in FIG. 2C). In some
other embodiments, however, distribution unit 100 may be generally
prismatic in shape, having a polygonal cross-sectional profile
(e.g., triangular; square/rectangular; hexagonal as in FIG. 22;
octagonal; etc.). Other suitable geometries for distribution unit
100 will depend on a given application and will be apparent in
light of this disclosure.
[0092] The size of distribution unit 100 may be customized. In some
cases, the sidewall 102 may have a thickness, for example, in the
range of about 0.01-8.0 inches (e.g., about 0.01-1.0 inches, about
1.0-2.5 inches, about 2.5-5.0 inches, about 5.0-8.0 inches, or any
other sub-range in the range of about 0.01-8.0 inches). In some
instances, the thickness of sidewall 102 may be, for example, less
than 2 inches, 1 inch, 0.5 inches, or 0.25 inches. In some other
cases, the sidewall 102 may have a thickness, for example, greater
than or equal to about 1 inch, 2 inches, 4 inches, 8 inches, 12
inches, or 15 inches. In some cases, distribution unit 100 may have
a length, for example, in the range of about 12-120 inches (e.g.,
about 12-24 inches, about 24-36 inches, about 36-48 inches, about
48-60 inches, about 60-90 inches, about 90-120 inches, or any other
sub-range in the range of about 12-120 inches). In some cases,
distribution unit 100 may have a width/diameter, for example, in
the range of about 2-48 inches (e.g., about 2-8 inches, about 8-12
inches, about 12-18 inches, about 18-24 inches, about 24-30 inches,
about 30-36 inches, about 36-42 inches, about 42-48 inches, or any
other sub-range in the range of about 2-48 inches). In some other
cases, distribution unit 100 may have a width/diameter, for
example, greater than or equal to about 48 inches (e.g., about 54
inches or greater; about 60 inches or greater). It should be noted,
however, that the present disclosure is not so limited to only
these example dimensional ranges for a given distribution unit 100,
as in a more general sense, and in accordance with an embodiment,
the size of distribution unit 100 may be customized, as desired for
a given target application or end-use. In some instances,
distribution unit 100 may be of substantially uniform
width/diameter along its length, whereas in some other instances,
distribution unit 100 may be of a non-uniform width/diameter along
its length (e.g., tapered or otherwise varied). Numerous
configurations will be apparent in light of this disclosure.
[0093] In some instances, the lower end 112 of distribution unit
100 optionally may be fitted with a cover 114. In accordance with
an embodiment, optional cover 114 may serve to provide a
liquid-tight seal that prevents or otherwise reduces leakage of
liquid waste contained within distribution unit 100 from sump
portion 110 thereof. In some instances, the upper end 132 of
distribution unit 100 optionally may be fitted with a cover 134. In
accordance with an embodiment, optional cover 134 may serve to: (1)
provide a seal that prevents or otherwise reduces entry of foreign
debris (e.g., surrounding soil, sand, etc.) into distribution unit
100 through upper end 132; and/or (2) allow access into the
interior hollow region 105 of distribution unit 100 (e.g., for
cleaning thereof). Optional covers 114 and 134 can be constructed
from any suitable material, as will be apparent in light of this
disclosure, and in some cases may be constructed from the same
material(s) as distribution unit 100, discussed above. Also, the
geometry and size of optional covers 114 and 134 can be customized,
as desired for a given target application or end-use, and in some
embodiments may be selected so as to substantially match the
geometry and size of distribution unit 100 (e.g., at lower end 112
thereof at upper end 132 thereof). A given optional cover 114/134
may be affixed to distribution unit 100 in a temporary or permanent
manner, using any suitable means, such as, for example: a threaded
fit; a pressure fit; one or more fasteners (e.g., screws; bolts);
and/or an adhesive or other sealant. In some cases, optional cover
114 may be inserted within or otherwise received by lower end 112,
whereas in some other cases, it may be seated on/over lower end
112. In some cases, optional cover 134 may be inserted within or
otherwise received by upper end 132, whereas in some other cases,
it may be seated on/over upper end 132.
[0094] In accordance with some embodiments, the sump portion 110 of
a given distribution unit 100 may be configured, for example, to
collect sludge and/or other waste solids that may settle out of the
liquid waste received by distribution unit 100. The geometry and
size of sump portion 110 may be customized, and in some cases may
be selected, at least in part, based on the amount of sludge/solids
that it may receive in use. Thus, the dimensions of sump portion
110 may be varied to accommodate a lesser or greater volume of
sludge/solids, as desired for a given target application or
end-use.
[0095] In some embodiments, the width/diameter of the sump portion
110 of distribution unit 100 may be substantially the same as the
width/diameter of the mid-portion 120 and/or headspace portion 130
of that unit 100 (e.g., as in FIGS. 2A-2B). In some other
embodiments, however, the width/diameter of the sump portion 110
may be larger than the width/diameter of the mid-portion 120 and/or
headspace portion 130 of that unit 100. For instance, consider
FIGS. 3A-3B and FIGS. 4A-4B, which illustrate views of several
example distribution units 100 configured in accordance with some
embodiments of the present disclosure. In some cases, the sump
portion 110 of a given distribution unit 100 may have a
width/diameter that is in the range of about 1-5.times. (e.g.,
about 11/2.times., about 2.times., about 21/2.times., about
3.times., about 31/2.times., about 4.times., about 41/2.times.,
about 5.times.) the width/diameter of the mid-portion 120 and/or
the headspace portion 130 of that unit 100. In an example case, a
distribution unit 100 may include: (1) a headspace portion 130 and
a mid-portion 120 having a width/diameter of about 12 inches; and
(2) a sump portion 110 having a width/diameter of about 18 inches.
In another example case, a distribution unit 100 may include: (1) a
headspace portion 130 and a mid-portion 120 having a width/diameter
of about 18 inches; and (2) a sump portion 110 having a
width/diameter of about 36 inches. In another example case, a
distribution unit 100 may include: (1) a headspace portion 130 and
a mid-portion 120 having a width/diameter of about 24 inches; and
(2) a sump portion 110 having a width/diameter of about 48 inches.
It should be noted, however, that the present disclosure is not so
limited to only these example dimensional ranges, as in a more
general sense, and in accordance with an embodiment, the size of
sump portion 110 may be customized, as desired for a given target
application or end-use. Numerous configurations will be apparent in
light of this disclosure.
[0096] As previously discussed, the interior and/or the exterior of
distribution unit 100 may be corrugated or non-corrugated, in part
or in whole, as desired. Thus, in some embodiments, sump portion
110 may be corrugated (e.g., as in FIGS. 2A-2B). In some other
embodiments, however, the sump portion 110 of distribution unit 100
may be non-corrugated (e.g., as in FIGS. 4A-4B).
[0097] In accordance with some embodiments, a given distribution
unit 100 may have one or more openings 115 formed in its sidewall
102, for example, at sump portion 110. In some cases, a given
opening 115 may be provided, in part or in whole, by a
prefabricated hole cut into sidewall 102 of distribution unit 100.
In some other cases, a given opening 115 may be provided by a
removable insert stamped out of sidewall 102 of distribution unit
100. In some other cases, a given opening 115 may be provided by
removing (e.g., punching out) a piece of sidewall 102 of
distribution unit 100 defined, for example, by a perforated or
indented outline that provides an area of weakness in the wall that
can be easily punched through when desired.
[0098] In some cases, a given opening 115 may be generally
curvilinear in shape (e.g., circular, elliptical, etc.). In some
other cases, a given opening 115 may be generally polygonal in
shape (e.g., triangular, square, rectangular, hexagonal, etc.). In
some cases, a given opening 115 may have a width/diameter, for
example, in the range of about 0.5-12 inches (e.g., about 0.5-3
inches, about 3-41/2 inches, about 41/2-6 inches, about 6-8 inches,
about 8-12 inches, or any other sub-range in the range of about
0.5-12 inches). In some other cases, a given opening 115 may have a
width/diameter, for example, greater than or equal to about 12
inches (e.g., about 12-18 inches or greater; about 18-24 inches or
greater). It should be noted, however, that the present disclosure
is not so limited to only these example geometries and dimensional
ranges, as in a more general sense, and in accordance with an
embodiment, the shape and size of a given opening 115 may be
customized, as desired for a given target application or end-use.
Numerous configurations will be apparent in light of this
disclosure.
[0099] Distribution unit 100 may be provided with any given
quantity of openings 115 (e.g., one, two, three, four, or more
openings 115) formed in its sidewall 102 at sump portion 110, and
the arrangement of those openings 115 can be customized, as desired
for a given target application or end-use. In an example case,
distribution unit 100 may have two openings 115 which substantially
align (e.g., precisely align or otherwise align within a given
tolerance) with one another across the breadth of sump portion 110
(e.g., in a generally linear arrangement). In another example case,
however, the two openings 115 may not be directly aligned with one
another (e.g., in an acute or obtuse L-shaped arrangement). In
another example case, distribution unit 100 may have three openings
115, two of which substantially align (e.g., precisely align or
otherwise align within a given tolerance) with one another across
the breadth of sump portion 110, and the third of which is
perpendicular or otherwise offset from such alignment (e.g., in a
generally T-shaped arrangement). In yet another example case,
however, the three openings 115 may not be directly aligned with
one another (e.g., in a generally triangular or Y-shaped
arrangement). In still another example case, four openings 115 may
be formed in the sidewall 102 of distribution unit 100 (e.g., in a
generally plus-shaped, cruciform, or X-shaped arrangement). It may
be desirable, in some instances, to ensure that the one or more
openings 115 are formed in the sidewall 102 of distribution unit
100 so as not to inhibit any liquid-tight seal offered, for
example, by sump portion 110 (e.g., whether closed-ended or by way
of being sealed with an optional cover 114). Numerous
configurations for opening(s) 115 will be apparent in light of this
disclosure.
[0100] In accordance with some embodiments, a given opening 115 may
be configured to receive or otherwise be coupled with a pipe 304
(e.g., as in FIG. 24B, discussed below) so as to provide for flow
communication with the interior hollow region 105 of distribution
unit 100 (e.g., at sump portion 110). To that end, a given opening
115 may be configured to interface with a pipe 304 using any
standard and/or custom pipe fitting connection, such as, for
example: (1) a friction-fit connection; (2) a flanged connection;
(3) a threaded connection; (4) a retainer-and-tab connection; (5) a
bayonet-type connection; (6) a snap-fit connection; and/or (7) a
combination of any one or more thereof. In some cases, a given
opening 115 may include a fitting that is molded into sidewall 102,
whereas in some other cases, a given opening 115 may include a
fitting that is inserted or otherwise disposed therein. Retention
of a pipe 304 by a given opening 115 may be aided, for example, by
an adhesive (e.g., glue; cement), welding (e.g., heat weld;
ultrasonic weld), and/or pressure/friction fit, in accordance with
some embodiments. In some cases, a given opening 115 may be
configured, for example, to receive and retain a threaded fitting
on a pipe 304 even if that opening 115 is not correspondingly
threaded. Other suitable configurations for interfacing with the
one or more openings 115 of a given distribution unit 100 will
depend on a given application and will be apparent in light of this
disclosure.
[0101] In some cases, a given opening 115 may be configured to
interface with a pipe 304 in a liquid-tight sealing relationship.
To this end, a given opening 115 may include, in accordance with
some embodiments, an O-ring, grommet, rubber sleeve, clamshell
sealer, or other suitable gasket configured to prevent or otherwise
reduce leakage of the liquid waste contained within distribution
unit 100 from the interface of a given opening 115 with pipe 304.
It should be noted, however, that a liquid-tight sealing
relationship is not required, as a given opening 115 and pipe 304
may be configured, in accordance with some other embodiments, to
couple in a secure or permanent but not necessarily liquid-tight
manner.
[0102] In accordance with some embodiments, the mid-portion 120 of
a given distribution unit 100 may be configured, for example, to
allow liquid waste to flow into and/or out of that unit 100. To
that end, the mid-portion 120 may have one or more apertures 122
(e.g., holes, perforations, elongate slots, or other orifices)
defined in its sidewall 102 at mid-portion 120. A given aperture
122 may traverse the full thickness of sidewall 102, providing a
fluid passageway from interior hollow region 105, through sidewall
102, and out of unit 100. In accordance with some embodiments,
liquid waste that has accumulated to a given target liquid level
within interior hollow region 105 may flow through sidewall 102 via
the one or more apertures 122 at mid-portion 120 and out of unit
100 (e.g., into one or more treatment fins 200 in flow
communication therewith, as discussed below).
[0103] In some cases, a given aperture 122 may be generally
curvilinear in shape (e.g., circular, elliptical, etc.). In some
other cases, a given aperture 122 may be generally polygonal in
shape (e.g., triangular, square, rectangular, hexagonal, etc.). In
some cases, a given aperture 122 may have a width/diameter, for
example, in the range of about 0.01-1.5 inches (e.g., about
0.01-0.25 inches, about 0.25-0.5 inches, about 0.5-0.75 inches,
about 0.75-1.0 inches, about 1.0-1.25 inches, about 1.25-1.5
inches, or any other sub-range in the range of about 0.01-1.5
inches). In some cases, a given aperture 122 may have a length, for
example, in the range of about 0.1-10.0 inches (e.g., about 0.1-2.5
inches, about 2.5-5.0 inches, about 5.0-7.5 inches, about 7.5-10.0
inches, or any other sub-range in the range of about 0.1-10.0
inches. It should be noted that the apertures 122 of distribution
unit 100 are not all required to be of uniform geometry, size, or
type, and further that the present disclosure is not so limited to
only these example geometries and dimensional ranges, as in a more
general sense, and in accordance with an embodiment, the shape and
size of a given aperture 122 may be customized, as desired for a
given target application or end-use. Numerous configurations will
be apparent in light of this disclosure.
[0104] In some instances, a plurality of apertures 122 may be
randomly distributed across the mid-portion 120 of a given
distribution unit 100. In some other instances, a plurality of
apertures 122 may be regularly or semi-regularly distributed across
mid-portion 120. For instance, in an example case, the apertures
122 of mid-portion 120 may be substantially vertically aligned
(e.g., precisely vertically aligned or otherwise vertically aligned
within a given tolerance). In another example case, the apertures
122 of mid-portion 120 may be substantially horizontally aligned
(e.g., precisely horizontally aligned or otherwise horizontally
aligned within a given tolerance).
[0105] The geometry and size of mid-portion 120 can be customized,
and in some cases may be selected, at least in part, based on the
amount of liquid waste that is to pass therethrough in use. Thus,
the dimensions of mid-portion 120 may be varied to accommodate a
lesser or greater flow of liquid waste, as desired for a given
target application or end-use. In some embodiments, the
width/diameter of the mid-portion 120 of distribution unit 100 may
be substantially the same as the width/diameter of the sump portion
110 and/or headspace portion 130 of that unit 100 (e.g., as in
FIGS. 2A-2B). In some other embodiments, however, the
width/diameter of the mid-portion 120 may be smaller than the
width/diameter of the sump portion 110 and/or headspace portion 130
of that unit 100 (e.g., as in FIGS. 3A-3B). In an example case, a
distribution unit 100 may include: (1) a headspace portion 130 and
a mid-portion 120 having a width/diameter of about 12 inches; and
(2) a sump portion 110 having a width/diameter of about 18 inches.
In another example case, a distribution unit 100 may include a
headspace portion 130, a mid-portion 120, and a sump portion 110
each having a width/diameter of about 18 inches. In another example
case, a distribution unit 100 may include a headspace portion 130,
a mid-portion 120, and a sump portion 110 each having a
width/diameter of about 24 inches. It should be noted, however,
that the present disclosure is not so limited to only these example
dimensional ranges, as in a more general sense, and in accordance
with an embodiment, the size of mid-portion 120 may be customized,
as desired for a given target application or end-use. Numerous
configurations will be apparent in light of this disclosure.
[0106] As previously discussed, the interior and/or the exterior of
distribution unit 100 may be corrugated or non-corrugated, in part
or in whole, as desired. Thus, in some embodiments, mid-portion 120
may be corrugated (e.g., as in FIGS. 2A-2B). In some other
embodiments, however, mid-portion 120 may be non-corrugated.
[0107] In accordance with some embodiments, a given distribution
unit 100 may have one or more openings 125 formed in its sidewall
102, for example, at mid-portion 120. As will be appreciated in
light of this disclosure, a given opening 125 may be provided using
any of the example techniques discussed above, for instance, with
respect to forming opening(s) 115 in sidewall 102. As will be
further appreciated, the geometry, size, quantity, and arrangement
of opening(s) 125 may be customized, as desired for a given target
application or end-use, and in some cases may be selected from any
of the example geometries, sizes, quantities, and arrangements
discussed above, for instance, with respect to opening(s) 115. In
accordance with some embodiments, the location of a given opening
125 in sidewall 102 may be selected, at least in part, so as to
permit liquid waste to accumulate within the interior hollow region
105 of unit 100 to a given target liquid level, at which point at
least a portion of the liquid waste begins to flow out of unit 100
through that opening 125 (e.g., via an associated inlet baffle 150
or outlet baffle 160, as discussed below). Numerous configurations
for opening(s) 125 will be apparent in light of this
disclosure.
[0108] In accordance with some embodiments, a given opening 125 may
be configured to receive or otherwise be coupled with a pipe 302
(e.g., as in FIG. 24B, discussed below) so as to provide for flow
communication with the interior hollow region 105 of distribution
unit 100 (e.g., at mid-portion 120). To that end, a given opening
125 may be configured to interface with a pipe 302 using any
standard and/or custom pipe fitting connection, including the
example interfacing configurations discussed above, for instance,
with respect to opening(s) 115. In some cases, a given opening 125
may be configured to interface with a pipe 302 in a liquid-tight
sealing relationship using any of the example configurations
discussed above, for instance, with respect to providing
liquid-tight opening(s) 115. It should be noted, however, that a
liquid-tight sealing relationship is not required, as a given
opening 125 and pipe 302 may be configured, in accordance with some
other embodiments, to couple in a secure but not necessarily
liquid-tight manner.
[0109] In accordance with some embodiments, the headspace portion
130 of a given distribution unit 100 may be configured, for
example, to collect gases produced by liquid waste contained within
that unit 100. The geometry and size of headspace portion 130 may
be customized, and in some cases may be selected, at least in part,
based on the volume of gas that may accumulate within distribution
unit 100 in use. Thus, the dimensions of headspace portion 130 may
be varied to accommodate a lesser or greater gaseous volume, as
desired for a given target application or end-use. In some
embodiments, the width/diameter of the headspace portion 130 of
distribution unit 100 may be substantially the same as the
width/diameter of the sump portion 110 and/or mid-portion 120 of
that unit 100 (e.g., as in FIGS. 2A-2B). In some other embodiments,
however, the width/diameter of the headspace portion 130 may be
smaller than the width/diameter of the sump portion 110 and/or
mid-portion 120 of that unit 100 (e.g., as in FIGS. 3A-3B). In an
example case, a distribution unit 100 may include: (1) a headspace
portion 130 and a mid-portion 120 having a width/diameter of about
12 inches; and (2) a sump portion 110 having a width/diameter of
about 18 inches. In another example case, a distribution unit 100
may include a headspace portion 130, a mid-portion 120, and a sump
portion 110 each having a width/diameter of about 18 inches. In
another example case, a distribution unit 100 may include a
headspace portion 130, a mid-portion 120, and a sump portion 110
each having a width/diameter of about 24 inches. It should be
noted, however, that the present disclosure is not so limited to
only these example dimensional ranges, as in a more general sense,
and in accordance with an embodiment, the size of headspace portion
130 may be customized, as desired for a given target application or
end-use. Numerous configurations will be apparent in light of this
disclosure.
[0110] As previously discussed, the interior and/or the exterior of
distribution unit 100 may be corrugated or non-corrugated, in part
or in whole, as desired. Thus, in some embodiments, headspace
portion 130 may be corrugated (e.g., as in FIGS. 2A-2B). In some
other embodiments, however, headspace portion 130 may be
non-corrugated.
[0111] As previously noted, distribution unit 100 may include an
inlet baffle 150 and/or an outlet baffle 160, in accordance with
some embodiments. Inlet baffle 150 and outlet baffle 160 can be
configured as typically done. As can be seen from FIGS. 1A-1D,
inlet baffle 150 may be disposed within the interior hollow region
105 of distribution unit 100 so as to substantially align (e.g.,
precisely align or otherwise align within a given tolerance) with
an opening 125 (e.g., at mid-portion 120), in accordance with an
embodiment. As can be seen further, outlet baffle 160 may be
disposed within the interior hollow region 105 of distribution unit
100 so as to substantially align (e.g., precisely align or
otherwise align within a given tolerance) with another opening 125
(e.g., at mid-portion 120), in accordance with an embodiment.
[0112] Inclusion of an inlet baffle 150 and/or an outlet baffle 160
within a given distribution unit 100 may allow for any of a wide
range of connections for flow communication into and/or out of
distribution unit 100. For example, in some cases, a pipe 302 may
be coupled with inlet baffle 150 and with an upstream source of
liquid waste (e.g., a septic tank; a distribution box; an upstream
treatment module 10), thereby allowing liquid waste to flow from
that source, through pipe 302, and into distribution unit 100 via
inlet baffle 150. In some cases, a pipe 302 may be coupled with
outlet baffle 160 and, for example, with another treatment module
10 downstream, thereby allowing liquid waste to flow from a first
distribution unit 100 of a first treatment module 10, through pipe
302, and into a second, downstream distribution unit 100 of a
second, downstream treatment module 10. The flow of liquid waste
into and/or out of a given distribution unit 100 may be provided,
in part or in whole, by gravity feed, pumping, and/or vacuum draw,
in accordance with some embodiments.
[0113] In some cases, such as when a given treatment module 10 is
the last in a series of treatment modules 10 or when it is the only
treatment module 10 present, a pipe 302 may be coupled, for
example, with outlet baffle 160 and with a vent stack 308, thereby
allowing: (1) air from the surrounding environment to flow into
distribution unit 100 (e.g., to aid in aerobic processing of liquid
waste contained therein); and/or (2) gases produced during
treatment of the liquid waste to vent from the interior of
distribution unit 100 to the atmosphere. Vent stack 308 also may
provide a path of gaseous communication between the atmosphere at
the end of the system and the atmosphere at a gaseous waste vent in
the structure being serviced. Vent stack 308 may be configured as
typically done. In some cases, the inlet baffle 150 and/or outlet
baffle 160 (and corresponding openings 125) of a given distribution
unit 100 may be arranged in an offset manner (e.g., as in FIG. 21A)
so as not to interfere with the positioning/arrangement of the one
or more treatment fins 200 about unit 100. Numerous configurations
will be apparent in light of this disclosure.
[0114] FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate several views of a distribution unit
100 configured in accordance with another embodiment of the present
disclosure. As can be seen here, in some cases, distribution unit
100 optionally may include one or more skimmer tabs 123 formed from
or otherwise affixed to sidewall 102 (e.g., at mid-portion 120) and
extending generally radially inward into interior hollow region
105. In some cases, a given skimmer tab 123 may be provided
proximal an aperture 122. When included, the one or more optional
skimmer tabs 123 may serve, at least in part, to retain greases,
oils, and other floating matter within distribution unit 100,
thereby preventing or otherwise reducing the ability of such
materials to exit through or clog apertures 122. The quantity and
distribution of skimmer tabs 123 may be customized, as desired for
a given target application or end-use. In some instances, a
plurality of skimmer tabs 123 may be randomly distributed across
the mid-portion 120 of a given distribution unit 100. In some other
instances, a plurality of skimmer tabs 123 may be regularly or
semi-regularly distributed across mid-portion 120. For instance, in
an example case, the skimmer tabs 123 of mid-portion 120 may be
substantially aligned (e.g., precisely aligned or otherwise aligned
within a given tolerance).
[0115] In some cases, a given skimmer tab 123 may have a
width/diameter, for example, of about 1/4 inch or greater, about
1/2 inch or greater, about 3/4 inch or greater, or about 1 inch or
greater. In some cases, a given skimmer tab 123 may have a length,
for example, in the range of about 0.5-2.0 inches (e.g., about
0.5-1.0 inches, about 1.0-1.5 inches, about 1.5-2.0 inches, or any
other sub-range in the range of about 0.5-2.0 inches). It should be
noted, however, that the present disclosure is not so limited to
only these example dimensional ranges, as in a more general sense,
and in accordance with an embodiment, the size of a given skimmer
tab 123 may be customized, as desired for a given target
application or end-use. Numerous configurations will be apparent in
light of this disclosure.
[0116] FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate several views of a distribution unit
100 configured in accordance with another embodiment of the present
disclosure. As can be seen here, in some cases, distribution unit
100 optionally may include one or more ridges 124 formed from or
otherwise affixed to sidewall 102 and extending generally radially
outward therefrom. When included, the one or more optional ridges
124 may serve, at least in part, to facilitate liquid flow from
mid-portion 120 (e.g., into a given treatment fin 200 in flow
communication therewith). For instance, ridge(s) 124 may facilitate
liquid flow where flow otherwise would be prevented or inhibited by
a sleeve or other material in contact with the exterior surface of
sidewall 102 of a distribution unit 100. The quantity and
distribution of ridges 124 may be customized, as desired for a
given target application or end-use. In some instances, a plurality
of ridges 124 may be randomly distributed across distribution unit
100, in part or in whole. In some other instances, a plurality of
ridges 124 may be regularly or semi-regularly distributed across
distribution unit 100, in part or in whole. For instance, in an
example case, a plurality of ridges 124 may be provided along a
corrugation rib of distribution unit 100. The dimensions of a given
ridge 124 may be customized, as desired for a given target
application or end-use. Numerous configurations will be apparent in
light of this disclosure.
[0117] FIGS. 7A-7D illustrate several views of a distribution unit
100 configured in accordance with another embodiment of the present
disclosure. As can be seen here, in some cases, distribution unit
100 optionally may include a sump portion 110 that is truncated or
otherwise reduced in length and thus does not extend beyond the
bottom of a given treatment fin 200 in flow communication with unit
100. In an example case, the lower end 112 of a distribution unit
100 having a truncated sump portion 110 may be substantially flush
with the bottom edge of a given treatment fin 200 in flow
communication with that unit 100 (e.g., as in FIGS. 7C-7D). In some
such cases, the one or more apertures 122 of mid-portion 120 may be
adjusted in arrangement and/or size such that liquid waste passing
therethrough initially enters a given treatment fin 200 only at an
upper portion thereof (e.g., within the upper longitudinal half of
a given fin 200) before draining downward, in accordance with some
embodiments. Provision of a truncated sump portion 110 may reduce
the overall length of unit 100, which in turn may reduce system
size when installed and reduce materials used/cost.
[0118] FIGS. 8A-8B illustrate several example distribution units
100 configured in accordance with some embodiments of the present
disclosure. As can be seen here, in some cases, an aeration pump
350 optionally may be disposed within distribution unit 100 (e.g.,
as in FIG. 8A). In some other cases, an aeration pump 350
optionally may be disposed outside of distribution unit 100 and
connected with its interior hollow region 105 via an aeration
hose/conduit 352 (e.g., such as in FIG. 8B). Optional aeration pump
350 may be configured as typically done and may serve, at least in
part, to agitate liquid waste contained within distribution unit
100. In some instances, and in accordance with an embodiment, such
agitation may facilitate aerobic treatment of liquid waste
contained within a given distribution unit 100.
[0119] As can be seen further from FIGS. 8A-8B, in some cases, a
discharge pump 360 optionally may be disposed within distribution
unit 100. Optional discharge pump 360 may be configured as
typically done and may serve, at least in part, to discharge liquid
waste contained within a given distribution unit 100, for example,
to a septic tank (e.g., to recirculate liquid waste to the septic
tank for nitrification and/or denitrification), a dispersal/drain
field, a direct dispersal unit, and/or any other liquid waste
treatment device, as will be apparent in light of this
disclosure.
[0120] In some cases, one or more treatment media 310 optionally
may be disposed within distribution unit 100 (e.g., as in FIGS.
8A-8B). When included, treatment media 310 may serve, at least in
part, to provide additional surface area on which bacteria may grow
and which may provide surface contact for treatment of liquid waste
contained within unit 100. To that end, treatment media 310 may be
any of a wide range of materials, and in some example cases may be
any of the example materials discussed below, for instance, with
respect to porous media 210.
[0121] In accordance with an example embodiment, distribution unit
100 may be constructed, in part or in whole, from
ENVIRO-SEPTIC.RTM. conduit, available from Presby Environmental,
Inc., Whitefield, N.H. In accordance with some example embodiments,
distribution unit 100 may be constructed, in part or in whole, from
a conduit such as that disclosed in any of U.S. Pat. No. 6,461,078,
titled "Plastic Sewage Pipe," U.S. Pat. No. 8,342,212, titled
"Fluid Conduit with Layered and Partial Covering Material Thereon,"
and U.S. Pat. No. 8,501,006, titled "Apparatus and Method for
Processing Liquid Waste," each of which is herein incorporated by
reference in its entirety. In some cases, multiple distribution
units 100 may be cut from a single extruded conduit/pipe. In some
instances, a given distribution unit 100 may be assembled from
multiple pieces of conduit/pipe fixed together. In some still other
embodiments, distribution unit 100 may be a septic distribution box
configured as typically done. Numerous suitable configurations for
distribution unit 100 will be apparent in light of this
disclosure.
[0122] As previously noted, the distribution unit 100 of a given
treatment module 10 may have one or more treatment fins 200 in flow
communication therewith. A given treatment fin 200 may have any of
a wide range of configurations. FIG. 9 illustrates a treatment fin
200 configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present
disclosure. As can be seen here, in some embodiments, treatment fin
200 may include: (1) one or more porous media 210; (2) an optional
media retention layer 220 at least partially surrounding porous
media 210; and (3) one or more optional internal barrier layers 230
disposed within porous media 210. A discussion of each of these is
provided below.
[0123] In accordance with some embodiments, the one or more porous
media 210 of a given treatment fin 200 may serve, at least in part,
to provide surface area upon which bacterial colonies may grow for
treatment of liquid waste received from a distribution unit 100
coupled with that treatment fin 200. By varying the size and/or
composition of porous media 210, the porosity of a given treatment
fin 200 may be customized, as desired for a given target
application or end-use. The porous media 210 may provide available
surface area for microbial activity and may be, for example,
greater than 2.times., greater than 5.times., greater than
10.times., greater than 20.times., greater than 50.times., or
greater than 100.times. the outer surface area of the treatment fin
200. In some cases, the one or more porous media 210 may occupy at
least 90%, at least 80%, at least 70%, at least 60%, or at least
50% of the volume of a host treatment fin 200. In some other cases,
the one or more porous media 210 may occupy less than 50% of the
volume of a host treatment fin 200.
[0124] Porous media 210 may include any of a wide range of porous
materials compatible with microbial growth and which exhibit
sufficient porosity to allow liquid waste to flow therethrough at a
given target rate. In some embodiments, the porous media 210 may
have a percent porosity of greater than 50%, greater than 70%,
greater than 80%, greater than 90%, or greater than 95%. In some
instances, porous media 210 may have a pore volume, for example, of
greater than 20% or greater than 50%. In some other instances,
porous media 210 may have a pore volume, for example, of less than
50% or less than 20%. In some example embodiments, porous media 210
may include an aggregate material, such as: (1) a natural
aggregate, such as crushed stone, coarse sand, gravel, pea gravel,
vermiculite, or shells; and/or (2) a synthetic aggregate, such as
glass, polymeric beads, sintered glass, sintered polymer, ceramic,
an expanded polymer (e.g., polystyrene foam), crushed concrete, or
crushed cement. The individual aggregate pieces may be of
consistent or varying sizes, as desired, and in some cases, the
size may be selected, for example, to optimize or otherwise
facilitate liquid flow, bacterial activity, and/or moisture
retention for a given treatment fin 200. In some instances, the
individual aggregate pieces may be coated with a substance, for
example, that increases surface area, increases porosity, increases
or reduces surface tension, and/or improves bacterial growth, as
desired.
[0125] In some embodiments, porous media 210 may include a coarse
material, such as, for example: (1) cotton, wool, mineral wool,
coconut husk, peat moss, wood chips, mulch, hair, or other natural
coarse material; and/or (2) coarse polymeric fibers or beads (e.g.,
polypropylene; polyethylene; polystyrene), mesh (polymeric;
metallic), ground-up plastic, shredded rubber, fiberglass, or other
synthetic coarse material. In some instances, the coarse material
may be randomly distributed. In some cases, a constituent
piece/portion of such coarse material may have an average thickness
(e.g., width/diameter), for instance, of: about 1/64 inch or
greater; about 1/32 inch or greater; about 1/16 inch or greater;
about 1/8 inch or greater; about 1/4 inch or greater; or about 1/2
inch or greater. In some cases, a constituent piece/portion of such
coarse material may have an average length, for instance, in the
range of about 0.25-1.5 inches (e.g., about 0.25-0.5 inches, about
0.5-0.75 inches, about 0.75-1.0 inches, about 1.0-1.25 inches,
about 1.25-1.5 inches, or any other sub-range in the range of about
0.25-1.5 inches). In some embodiments, porous media 210 may include
unitary/monolithic blocks of a solid, porous material, such as, for
example: (1) a synthetic material, such as porous concrete, an
expanded or sintered polymer, or sintered glass; and/or (2) a
natural material, such as carbon. In some cases, the blocks may be
coated, at least in part, with an impermeable or semi-permeable
material (e.g., a sealant) to facilitate retention of liquid
therein. For instance, in an example embodiment, an expanded porous
foam block may be coated with a semi-permeable polyurethane
coating.
[0126] In some cases, the porous media 210 of a given treatment fin
200 may be uniform in composition (e.g., a single material is
used), whereas in some other cases, the porous media 210 of a given
treatment fin 200 may be of non-uniform composition (e.g., multiple
materials are used). The porous media 210 utilized in a given
treatment fin 200 may be hydrophilic or hydrophobic, as desired for
a given target application or end-use. Also, the density of porous
material 210 may be varied, in accordance with some embodiments.
For instance, in some cases, porous material 210 (or an entire
treatment fin 200) may have a density of about 500 g/L or less,
about 250 g/L or less, or about 100 g/L or less. In some instances,
this may help to provide a treatment fin 200 that is relatively
lightweight. Other suitable compositions for the one or more porous
media 210 of a given treatment fin 200 will depend on a given
application and will be apparent in light of this disclosure.
[0127] In accordance with some embodiments, a given treatment fin
200 may be configured such that liquid waste exits the interior of
an associated distribution unit 100 and enters into the porous
media 210. To that end, liquid waste may flow through a given
aperture 122 into a single or multiple treatment fins 200 in flow
communication therewith. Such flow of liquid waste may be provided,
in part or in whole, by gravity feed, pumping, and/or vacuum draw,
in accordance with some embodiments. In some cases, the material
composition and structure of the porous media 210 of a given
treatment fin 200 may provide for capillary action that facilitates
distribution of the liquid waste within fin 200. In accordance with
some embodiments, a given treatment fin 200 may be configured, for
example, to retain liquid waste (e.g., within an interior/middle
region thereof) for an extended period of time, thereby keeping
such fin 200 microbially primed during periods of reduced flow from
an associated distribution unit 100. To that end, the pore size of
porous media 210, the size of treatment fin 200, and/or the
location of treatment fin 200 (e.g., in ground; above ground) may
be varied, as desired for a given target application or end-use. In
some cases, the material composition and structure of porous media
210 may provide for a period of liquid retention that allows for
substantial wetting and sufficient dwell time for microbial growth
on such media 210. In some cases, such liquid retention may provide
for raising of the volume of liquid waste within distribution unit
100 to a level where it can be transferred (e.g., via a pipe 302
coupled with an outlet baffle 160) to a distribution unit 100 of a
downstream treatment module 10 coupled therewith. In some
instances, porous media 210 may be rigid and resilient against
being crushed or otherwise deforming under weight, thereby
providing protection against collapse of a given treatment fin 200
(e.g., from or after backfilling).
[0128] In accordance with some embodiments, the porous media 210 of
a given treatment fin 200 optionally may be disposed within or
otherwise enveloped/wrapped with a media retention layer 220. When
included, optional media retention layer 220 may serve, at least in
part, to: (1) maintain the general structure of porous media 210,
thereby helping to maintain a target pore size or pore volume for
treatment fin 200; and/or (2) provide for controlled draining/flow
of liquid from porous media 210 into the surrounding environment
(e.g., treatment sand and/or soil) at a given target rate. To that
end, media retention layer 220 may include any of a wide range of
permeable, semi-permeable, and/or impermeable materials (e.g.,
having one or more breaches therein) compatible with microbial
growth and which exhibit sufficient porosity to allow liquid to
flow therethrough at a given target rate, and may be woven,
non-woven, extruded, natural, synthetic, or a combination of any
one or more thereof. For example, in some embodiments, media
retention layer 220 may be a geotextile fabric (extruded or
produced from polymeric or other fibers). The geotextile fabric may
be woven or non-woven. As will be appreciated in light of this
disclosure, a geotextile fabric may be any fabric that provides one
or more of drainage, filtration, separation, reinforcement,
protection, erosion control, and stability, for example, of porous
media 210. Some example suitable material compositions for optional
media retention layer 220 include: polypropylene; polyethylene;
polyester; and/or a combination of any one or more thereof. The
media retention layer 220 may be hydrophilic or hydrophobic, as
desired for a given target application or end-use. In some cases in
which media retention layer 220 includes a semi-permeable or an
impermeable material, for example, it may be desirable to breach
(e.g., needle-punch or otherwise puncture) that material to ensure
liquid can flow therethrough at a given target rate. This will
render an impermeable layer semi-permeable layer.
[0129] It should be noted, however, that it is not necessary for
media retention layer 220 to be so rigid as to support the porous
media 210 by itself, as treatment sand, soil, gravel, crushed
stone, natural aggregate, synthetic aggregate, glass beads, polymer
beads, expanded polymer beads, organic material, cellulose, (or any
combination thereof) or other material that surrounds the treatment
fin 200 may assist to that end. In some embodiments, optional media
retention layer 220 may include a material that is flexible and
thus aids in providing a flexible, malleable, or otherwise
manipulable treatment fin 200. In some instances, optional media
retention layer 220 may be formed from a single, continuous piece
of fabric material, whereas in other instances it may be formed
from multiple pieces of fabric material that have been assembled
with one another. In some cases, optional media retention layer 220
may be formed with one or more seams 222 (optional) joined, for
example, by sewing, stapling, welding, heat bonding, and/or gluing.
In some instances, media retention layer 220 may be a partial layer
that partially encloses (e.g., surrounds less than the total volume
of) porous media 210 of a treatment fin 200. In some example cases,
media retention layer 220 may be generally U-shaped, shaped as an
arcuate portion of a circle/ellipse, or otherwise open-ended and
arranged to cover, but not fully surround, porous media 210. In
some other example cases, a plurality of media retention layers 220
configured in this manner may be overlapped, interlocked, mated, or
otherwise arranged with one another such that, although they
individually would only partially enclose porous media 210,
together they surround porous media 210 to a given desired degree.
Other suitable configurations for optional media retention layer
220 will depend on a given application and will be apparent in
light of this disclosure. In embodiments without a media retention
layer 220, the porous media 210 can comprise a porous monolith or a
plurality of fragments that are retained by an adhesive or by
sintering, for example.
[0130] In accordance with some embodiments, one or more internal
barrier layers 230 optionally may be disposed within porous media
210. When included, a given optional internal barrier layer 230 may
serve, at least in part, to catch any sludge/solids which manage to
migrate out of distribution unit 100 and into a given treatment fin
200. To that end, a given optional internal barrier layer 230 may
be formed from any of the example materials discussed above, for
instance, with respect to optional media retention layer 220. In
some cases in which a given optional internal barrier layer 230
includes a semi-permeable or an impermeable material, for example,
it may be desirable to breach (e.g., needle-punch or otherwise
puncture) that material to ensure that liquid can flow therethrough
at a given target rate. Also, it may be desirable to ensure that
the one or more optional internal barrier layers 230 are
appropriately sized and arranged within porous media 210 so as not
to prevent or otherwise significantly inhibit the ability of the
liquid waste to reach portions of the porous media 210 located, for
example, beneath such internal barrier layer(s) 230. In some
instances, a given optional internal barrier layer 230 may be a
partial layer that partially encloses (e.g., surrounds less than
the total volume of) porous media 210 of a treatment fin 200. In
some example cases, a given optional internal barrier layer 230 may
be generally U-shaped (e.g., as generally shown by the optional
barrier layer 230 denoted by the dashed line in FIG. 9), shaped as
an arcuate portion of a circle/ellipse, or otherwise open-ended and
arranged to cover, but not fully surround, porous media 210. Thus,
in accordance with some embodiments, a given optional internal
barrier layer 230 may cover less than the entire internal
circumference or perimeter of treatment fin 200 (e.g., less than
about 3/4, less than about 1/2, less than about 1/4, or any other
desired amount of the internal surface of treatment fin 200). Other
suitable configurations for a given optional internal barrier layer
230 will depend on a given application and will be apparent in
light of this disclosure.
[0131] In some cases, a plurality of internal barrier layers 230
optionally may be disposed within porous media 210. In accordance
with some embodiments, each successive barrier layer 230, going
from innermost to outermost, may be of greater surface area and/or
size (e.g., encompassing a greater space) than one before it. In
accordance with some other embodiments each successive barrier
layer 230, going from innermost to outermost, may be of lesser
surface area and/or size (e.g., encompassing a lesser space) than
one before it. In a more general sense, and in accordance with some
embodiments, the size of successive barrier layers 230 can be
varied, as desired for a given target application or end-use. In an
example case, a first impermeable barrier layer 230 may be
configured to form a reservoir having a first volume, and a second
impermeable barrier layer 230 may be positioned outside of the
first impermeable barrier layer 230 and may form a second volume
greater than the first volume. In some embodiments, each successive
barrier layer 230, going from innermost to outermost, may be of
greater or lesser porosity (e.g., pore quantity, pore size, pore
density, etc.) than one before it. The depth and/or curvature of a
given barrier layer 230 may be customized. The amount of porous
media 210 or other space retained by (e.g., volume defined by) a
given barrier layer 230 or between adjacent barrier layers 230 may
be customized. In some cases, adjacent barrier layers 230 may have
a space there between, which optionally may be filled with porous
medium 210. In some instances, the may be a space between a given
barrier layer 230 and media retention layer 220, which optionally
may be filled with porous medium 210.
[0132] In accordance with some embodiments, a spacer layer
optionally may be included between consecutive barrier layers 230.
When included, a given optional spacer layer may be configured to
facilitate the flow of liquids within a treatment fin 200 and to
provide space for bacterial activity between adjacent internal
barrier layers 230. To that end, a given spacer layer may be
constructed from any of a wide range of materials, including, for
example: a polymer, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or
polyester; a rubber (natural or synthetic); a metal; a glass; a
ceramic; and/or a combination of any one or more thereof. In some
cases, a given optional spacer layer may be, for example, a fiber
mat formed from coarse, random fibers. In some cases, a given
optional spacer layer may be, for example, a mesh having channels
therein. In some instances, a given optional spacer layer may be
formed from a porous material, such as, for example, a bed of
aggregate or polymeric fragments, among others. The thickness of a
given spacer layer may be customized, as desired for a given target
application or end-use. In some cases, the presence of a given
spacer may promote development and/or maintenance of bioactivity on
the surfaces of the adjacent internal barrier layers 230 which it
separates.
[0133] The profile of a given treatment fin 200 may be customized,
as desired for a given target application or end-use. FIGS. 10A-10C
illustrate cross-sectional views of several example treatment fins
200 configured in accordance with some embodiments of the present
disclosure. As can be seen, in some cases, a given treatment fin
200 may be of a curvilinear cross-sectional geometry (e.g.,
generally oval, as in FIG. 10A; generally circular, as in FIG. 10C;
elliptical; oblong; etc.). In some other cases, a given treatment
fin 200 may be of a polygonal cross-sectional geometry (e.g.,
triangular; rectangular; square; rounded-rectangular, as in FIG.
10B; hexagonal; octagonal; etc.). In many cases, the shape of a
given treatment fin 200 is malleable from one cross-sectional shape
to another without detrimentally affecting performance.
[0134] FIGS. 11A-11B illustrate side views of several example
treatment fins 200 configured in accordance with some embodiments
of the present disclosure. FIGS. 12A-12C illustrate top-down views
of several example treatment fins 200 configured in accordance with
some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIGS. 13A-13G
illustrate top-down views of several example treatment fins 200
configured in accordance with some embodiments of the present
disclosure. As can be seen here, in some cases, a given treatment
fin 200 may be of substantially uniform profile (e.g.,
cross-sectional profile; longitudinal profile; etc.). In some other
cases, a given treatment fin 200 may be of non-uniform profile. In
some instances, a given treatment fin 200 may have a tapered,
flared, rounded, or bullet-like profile. In some cases, the top of
a given treatment fin 200 may extend above the upper end 132 of an
associated distribution unit 100. In some instances, the bottom of
a given treatment fin 200 may extend below the lower end 112 of an
associated distribution unit 100. In some instances, a given
treatment fin 200 may have a cross-sectional shape that changes in
at least one of size and/or geometry from a first end to a second
end thereof.
[0135] In some embodiments, a given treatment fin 200 may exhibit a
generally straight/linear longitudinal profile, whereas in some
other embodiments, a curved/non-linear longitudinal profile may be
provided. For instance, in some embodiments, a given treatment fin
200 may have one, two, three, four, or more points of curvature, as
desired for a given target application or end-use. The treatment
fin 200 can be curved to obtain a desired distance from a second
treatment fin 200 that may be part of the same or a different
treatment module 10. In some cases, a given treatment fin 200 may
have a branched profile (e.g., as in FIGS. 13A-13D). In some
instances, a given treatment fin 200 may have a loop-shaped profile
(e.g., as in FIGS. 13E and 13F). In some cases, a given treatment
fin 200 may have a radial grid-shaped profile (e.g., as in FIG.
13G). Numerous configurations for a given treatment fin 200 will be
apparent in light of this disclosure.
[0136] In some embodiments, a given treatment fin 200 may be
flexible, malleable, or otherwise manipulable and thus may be
manipulated into any shape, as desired for a given target
application or end-use. The shape of the treatment fin 200 from end
to end may be altered and so may the cross-sectional shape thereof.
In an example case, a given treatment fin 200 may be sufficiently
malleable such that its thickness can be changed by .+-.10% without
causing damage thereto and/or without negatively impacting its
treatment performance. In some cases, a given treatment fin 200 may
be of sufficient flexibility, for example, to be manipulated to
avoid obstacles (e.g., natural obstacles or other installed system
equipment), adjust treatment behavior, and/or expand or collapse
system footprint. In an example case, a given treatment fin 200 may
be sufficiently flexible so as to be capable of being wrapped
around a 1 ft.-diameter pipe without breakage. In another example
case, a given treatment fin 200 may be sufficiently flexible so as
to be capable of being wrapped around a 6 inch, 12 inch, 18 inch,
or 24 inch-diameter pipe without breakage (e.g., breaching media
retention layer 220) and/or inhibiting fluid flow through porous
medium 210. Other suitable configurations, profiles, and geometries
for a given treatment fin 200 will depend on a given application
and will be apparent in light of this disclosure.
[0137] In some embodiments, a given treatment fin 200 may have a
width/diameter (W), for example, in the range of about 3-18 inches
(e.g., about 3-6 inches, about 6-12 inches, about 12-18 inches, or
any other sub-range in the range of about 3-18 inches). In some
embodiments, a given treatment fin 200 may have a height (H), for
example, in the range of about 6-24 inches (e.g., about 6-12
inches, about 12-18 inches, about 18-24 inches, or any other
sub-range in the range of about 6-24 inches). In some embodiments,
a given treatment fin 200 may have a length (L), for example, in
the range of about 24-84 inches (e.g., about 24-36 inches, about
36-48 inches, about 48-60 inches, about 60-72 inches, about 72-84
inches, or any other sub-range in the range of about 24-84 inches).
In accordance with some embodiments, the volume of a given
treatment fin 200 may be, for example, about 1 gallon or greater,
about 2 gallons or greater, about 3 gallons or greater, about 4
gallons or greater, or about 5 gallons or greater. In some
embodiments, a given treatment fin 200 may have a volume, for
example, in the range of about 5-10 gallons, about 10-15 gallons,
or about 15-20 gallons. In some other embodiments, a given
treatment fin 200 may have a volume of about 20 gallons or greater.
It should be noted, however, that the present disclosure is not so
limited to only these example dimensional ranges for a given
treatment fin 200, as in a more general sense, and in accordance
with an embodiment, the size of a given treatment fin 200 may be
customized, as desired for a given target application or end-use.
Numerous configurations will be apparent in light of this
disclosure.
[0138] In some instances, the treatment fins 200 of a given
treatment module 10 may be configured to maximize fin area per
ground area for a target treatment capacity. In accordance with
some embodiments, a plurality of treatment fins 200 can be in flow
communication with a given distribution unit 100 such that the area
required for installing one treatment fin 200 can be, for example,
less than 100 ft.sup.2, less than 50 ft.sup.2, less than 20
ft.sup.2, or less than 10 ft.sup.2. In some embodiments, the ratio
of square feet of horizontal space required per treatment fin 200
is, for example: greater than about 5:1; greater than about 10:1;
greater than about 50:1; or greater than about 100:1. In some
embodiments, this ratio may be, for example: less than about 100:1;
less than about 50:1; less than about 20:1; less than about 10:1;
or less than about 5:1. In accordance with some embodiments, the
total square footage of fin outer surface area per square foot of
ground surface can be, for example: greater than about 1:1; greater
than about 2:1; greater than about 3:1; greater than about 5:1; or
greater than about 10:1. In some embodiments, a given treatment fin
200 may have an exterior or outer surface area that is greater than
the exterior surface area of a distribution unit 100 associated
therewith. In some cases, a given treatment fin 200 (or arrangement
of treatment fins 200) may have an outer surface area, for example,
of about 10 ft.sup.2 or greater, about 15 ft.sup.2 or greater, or
about 20 ft.sup.2 or greater. Numerous configurations will be
apparent in light of this disclosure.
[0139] FIGS. 14A-14B illustrate cross-sectional side views of some
example treatment fins 200 configured in accordance with some
embodiments of the present disclosure. As can be seen from FIG.
14A, for example, liquid waste received by treatment fin 200 at its
proximal end (which may be open to the sidewall 102 of the
mid-portion 120 of a distribution unit 100) may migrate generally
axially along treatment fin 200 through porous media 210, before
passing radially out of porous media 210 (e.g., through optional
media retention layer 220, if included). As can be seen from FIG.
14B, however, the presence of one or more optional internal barrier
layers 230 may affect the radial migration of liquid waste within
treatment fin 200, causing liquid (and any attendant solids/sludge)
to settle/accumulate on the barrier layer(s) 230, at least
temporarily. The degree of permeability of the one or more optional
internal barrier layers 230 may be customized to provide a given
rate of flow therethrough, as desired for a given target
application or end-use. In some instances, a given optional
internal barrier layer 230 may serve to reduce flow downwardly
through porous medium 210 and, optionally, without reducing
longitudinal flow there through. In some embodiments, a given
treatment fin 200 may be configured such that liquid waste flows
into and/or is retained by only a lower portion thereof (e.g.,
within the lower 50% of the height of such fin 200). In some other
embodiments, a given treatment fin 200 may be configured such that
liquid waste flows into only an upper portion thereof (e.g., within
the upper 50% of the height of such fin 200) before being allowed
to flow downward into a lower portion of the fin 200. In some
cases, the geometry and/or size of a given treatment fin 200 may be
configured to facilitate gravity-driven draining/flow downward
and/or wicking/flow upward through its porous media 210.
[0140] In some other embodiments, a given treatment fin 200 may be
configured such that two or more of its ends (e.g., proximal,
distal, or otherwise) are in flow communication with distribution
unit 100. For instance, consider configurations such as those of
FIGS. 13E-13G. As will be appreciated in light of this disclosure,
in such cases, liquid waste received by such a treatment fin 200
may migrate as described with respect to FIGS. 14A-14B, but from
both (or multiple) ends or points. As will be further appreciated
in light of this disclosure, the same may be said for such
configurations also having optional pipes 303/305, such as are
described below with respect to FIGS. 17A-17B, in accordance with
some embodiments.
[0141] In some cases, treatment fin 200 optionally may include one
or more reinforcement structures (e.g., a rigid framework) therein
that are configured to serve, at least in part, to prevent or
otherwise reduce the opportunity for collapse of an associated
treatment fin 200 and/or for passage of porous medium 210
therefrom. In some instances, such a structure may partition the
interior of a host treatment fin 200 into one or more sections
containing porous medium 210 and one or more sections devoid of
porous medium 210. In some example embodiments, one or more wire
ribs may be disposed within treatment fin 200. In some other
embodiments, a frame may be disposed within treatment fin 200. In
some other embodiments, one or more rigid or flexible pipes may be
disposed within treatment fin 200. The geometry and dimensions of a
given optional reinforcement structure may be customized, as
desired for a given target application or end-use. If a given
reinforcement structure is sufficiently large in size, it may be
desirable to form passageways (e.g., perforations or other
openings/orifices) therein which allow for liquid to flow
therethrough so as to minimize or otherwise reduce any inhibitive
effect that the presence of the reinforcement structure might have
on the flow of liquid waste through the associated treatment fin
200. Other suitable configurations for a given optional
reinforcement structure will depend on a given application and will
be apparent in light of this disclosure.
[0142] FIG. 15 illustrates a treatment fin 200 configured in
accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIGS.
16A-16C illustrate cross-sectional views of several example
treatment fins 200 configured in accordance with some embodiments
of the present disclosure. As can be seen here, in some
embodiments, treatment fin 200 optionally may include a pipe 303
and/or a pipe 305 passing through its one or more porous media 210.
A given pipe 303/305 may have one or more apertures (e.g.,
perforations or other openings/orifices) formed in its sidewall
which allow for liquid waste carried through such pipe 303/305 to
drain into the surrounding porous media 210, in accordance with
some embodiments. In accordance with some other embodiments, the
one or more apertures may allow for air flow within a given pipe
303/305 and into the host treatment fin 200. In some instances,
such air flow may facilitate aerobic treatment of liquid waste. In
some cases, a given treatment fin 200 including a pipe 303 and/or a
pipe 305 may be of a curvilinear cross-sectional geometry (e.g.,
generally oval, as in FIG. 16A; generally circular, as in FIG. 16C;
elliptical; etc.). In some other cases, a given treatment fin 200
including a pipe 303 and/or a pipe 305 may be of a polygonal
cross-sectional geometry (e.g., triangular; rectangular; square;
rounded-rectangular, as in FIG. 16B; hexagonal; octagonal; etc.). A
given pipe 303/305 may be smooth-walled, corrugated, or a
combination thereof, in part or in whole, as desired. As will be
appreciated in light of this disclosure, a given pipe 303/305 may
be formed from any of the example materials discussed below, for
example, with respect to pipes 302/304. In some instances, optional
pipe 303 may be coupled with a vent stack 308 (e.g., as in FIG.
16C). To provide flow communication between a given pipe 303/305
and a distribution unit 100, one or more perforations (e.g.,
slotted openings or other suitable apertures) may be formed within
the sidewall 102 of distribution unit 100. Such perforation(s) may
be configured to permit air and/or liquid waste to flow between
distribution unit 100 and a given pipe 303/305. The dimensions and
arrangement of such perforation(s) may be customized, as desired
for a given target application or end-use. Other suitable
configurations will depend on a given application and will be
apparent in light of this disclosure.
[0143] FIGS. 17A-17B illustrate cross-sectional side views of some
example treatment fins 200 configured in accordance with some
embodiments of the present disclosure. As can be seen from FIG.
17A, for example, liquid waste received by treatment fin 200 at its
proximal end (which may be open to the sidewall 102 of the
mid-portion 120 of a distribution unit 100) may migrate generally
axially along treatment fin 200 through a pipe 303 and/or a pipe
305 in porous media 210, before draining therefrom and passing
radially out of porous media 210 (e.g., through optional media
retention layer 220, if included). As can be seen from FIG. 17B,
however, the presence of one or more optional internal barrier
layers 230 may affect the radial migration of liquid waste within
treatment fin 200, causing liquid (and any attendant solids/sludge)
to settle/accumulate on the barrier layer(s) 230, at least
temporarily. The degree of permeability of a given optional pipe
303, optional pipe 305, and the one or more optional internal
barrier layers 230 may be customized to provide a given rate of
flow therethrough, as desired for a given target application or
end-use. In a general sense, configuration of a given treatment fin
200 with one or more pipes 303/305 may serve to separate its
treatment function from a conduit/liquid waste conveyance
function.
[0144] The quantity and arrangement of treatment fins 200 for a
given treatment module 10 can be customized, as desired for a given
target application or end-use. In some cases, a given treatment
module 10 may include 1-10 treatment fins 200 (e.g., 1-3 treatment
fins 200; 3-5 treatment fins 200; 5-8 treatment fins 200; 8-10
treatment fins 200). In some other cases, a given treatment module
10 may include 10 or more treatment fins 200 (e.g., 15 or more; 20
or more; etc.). In some embodiments, the treatment fins 200 of a
given treatment module 10 may be configured to extend radially from
a distribution unit 100 (e.g., in a general hub-and-spoke
arrangement). In some example cases, two or more treatment fins 200
may extend radially in a horizontal plane from an associated
distribution unit 100. In some embodiments in which a distribution
unit 100 of polygonal shape is provided, a single treatment fin 200
may extend from a given side/face of distribution unit 100, whereas
in some other such embodiments, multiple treatment fins 200 may
extend from a given side/face of such distribution unit 100 (e.g.,
such as can be seen with respect to FIG. 22). In some example
cases, neighboring treatment fins 200 may be spaced with respect to
one another about 3-6 inches apart, about 6-12 inches apart, or
about 12 inches apart or greater. In some cases, neighboring
treatment fins 200 may be radially spaced with respect to one
another in a horizontal plane about 15.degree. apart or less, about
30.degree. apart or less, about 45.degree. apart or less, about
60.degree. apart or less, about 75.degree. apart or less, or about
90.degree. apart or less. In some other cases, neighboring
treatment fins 200 may be radially spaced with respect to one
another about 90.degree.-120.degree. apart, 120.degree.-150.degree.
apart, or about 120.degree.-180.degree. apart. In any case, as
discussed herein, treatment sand (and/or other suitable treatment
or filtration media) may be utilized to fill interstitial space
between treatment fins 200, in accordance with some embodiments. In
some instances, any portion of a given treatment fin 200 not
contacting a distribution unit 100 may be surrounded by treatment
sand (and/or other suitable treatment or filtration media). Other
suitable quantities and arrangements of treatments fins 200 for a
given treatment module 10 will depend on a given application and
will be apparent in light of this disclosure.
[0145] FIGS. 18A-18E illustrate an example method of assembling a
plurality of treatment fins 200 in flow communication with a
distribution unit 100, in accordance with an embodiment of the
present disclosure. FIG. 18A depicts a plurality of treatment fins
200. The plurality of treatment fins 200 may be provided in a
symmetrical pattern or an asymmetrical pattern, as desired. In some
embodiments, the plurality of fins 200 may be affixed to or
otherwise share a flexible sheet/sleeve. In some other embodiments,
the plurality of fins 200 may be formed from a single flexible
sheet/sleeve of media retention layer 220 that has been manipulated
to form several recesses therein which define the volume of the
treatment fins 200 and which may be filled with porous media 210.
In some such cases, the recesses of the media retention layer 220
may be filled with the porous media 210 on site to avoid any need
for transportation of a bulky plurality of treatment fins 200. In
other cases, filling with porous media 210 may be performed off
site. A given treatment fin 200 may be filled partially (e.g., less
than 90%, less than 75%, less than 50%) or entirely with porous
material 210, as desired. Thus, in a general sense, a given
treatment fin 200 may be a non-hollow treatment body that is filled
with one or more porous media 210, in accordance with some
embodiments.
[0146] The proximal end of each treatment fin 200 may be left open,
for example, to facilitate flow communication with distribution
unit 100 when assembled therewith, and the distal end of each
treatment fin 200 may be sealed/sewn, for example, to prevent loss
of porous media 210. In some embodiments, the sleeve/sheet may be
made of an impermeable fabric that ensures that liquid waste which
has flowed through the sidewall 102 at the mid-portion 120 of
distribution unit 100 remains confined between it and the exterior
of distribution unit 100, thus creating a common space containing
liquid waste from which the treatment fins 200 are fed.
[0147] As in FIGS. 18B-18C, the sheet/sleeve may be folded back
towards/onto itself, radially fanning out the plurality of
treatment fins 200. In FIG. 18D, the sheet/sleeve may be slid onto
or wrapped around the distribution unit 100. One or more securing
bands (e.g., wires, clamps, ties, etc.) may be utilized to secure
the sheet/sleeve once it is in place around the distribution unit
100. In FIG. 18E, the treatment fins 200 are positioned about the
mid-portion 120 (having one or more apertures 122), and the band(s)
are tightened to secure the sheet/sleeve about the distribution
unit 100 (e.g., against an exterior corrugation ridge of
distribution unit 100, if corrugated). In some embodiments, the
band(s) may seal the sheet/sleeve against the exterior of unit 100
to provide a liquid-tight sealing relationship at the banded
edge(s). Other suitable techniques for assembling one or more
treatment fins 200 about a given distribution unit 100 will depend
on a given application and will be apparent in light of this
disclosure. For instance, in accordance with some other
embodiments, treatment fins 200 may be assembled (e.g., with one
another and/or distribution unit 100) with a hook-and-loop fastener
fabric, such as VELCRO fabric, or other suitable fastener material.
In accordance with some other embodiments, a given treatment fin
200 optionally may include stitching along one or more of its sides
(e.g., such as is generally shown in FIG. 18C). For example, a
treatment fin 200 may include stitching that passes from one side
thereof, through its body, to another side thereof. In some cases
in which treatment fin 200 is formed using a fabric or other
flexible material, tightening of the stitching may cause the sides
of the treatment fin 200 to draw inwards toward one another,
producing localized puckering or other dimpling of the flexible
material (e.g., of media retention layer 220). In some such
instances, this may form generally cell-like pockets or pillowed
regions along the treatment fin 200. The presence of such optional
stitching may provide additional structural support for the form of
the treatment fin 200, in some instances. In some cases in which a
pipe 303/305 is included within treatment fin 200, such optional
stitching may help to support and/or physically separate such
elements (e.g., pipe 303 may reside above the stitching, whereas
pipe 305 may reside below the stitching).
[0148] Example System Installations/Arrangements
[0149] Treatment module 10 may be configured, in accordance with
some embodiments, to be installed, in part or in whole, above the
ground and/or within the ground. When installed, the distribution
unit 100 of a given module 10 may be oriented substantially
vertically (e.g., within 10.degree. of vertical) with respect to
the ground or other installation site, in accordance with some
embodiments. In some such cases, the one or more treatment fins 200
associated therewith may be oriented substantially horizontally
(e.g., within 10.degree. of horizontal) with respect to the ground
or other installation site. In an example case, a given treatment
fin 200 may extend substantially parallel (e.g., precisely parallel
or otherwise within a given tolerance) to the surface of the
ground. In some other embodiments, however, the distribution unit
100 of a given module 10 may be oriented substantially horizontally
(e.g., precisely horizontally or otherwise within a given
tolerance) with respect to the ground or other installation site.
In some such cases, the one or more treatment fins 200 may be
oriented substantially vertically (e.g., within 10.degree. of
vertical) with respect to the ground or other installation site. In
an example case, a given treatment fin 200 may extend substantially
perpendicular (e.g., precisely perpendicular or otherwise within a
given tolerance) to the surface of the ground. Numerous
configurations will be apparent in light of this disclosure.
[0150] In some embodiments, a given treatment module 10 may be
configured in a general hub-and-spoke arrangement, with its
distribution unit 100 as the hub and its one or more treatment fins
200 as the spoke(s). In some cases, a plurality of treatment fins
200 may be arranged about a distribution unit 100 such that they
lay within a common plane along the length of unit 100, whereas in
some other cases, a plurality of fins 200 may be provided in a
spiral, helical, or otherwise staggered arrangement along the
length of unit 100. In some instances, the treatment fins 200 of a
given treatment module 10 may be configured such that a horizontal
plane passes through all (or some sub-set) thereof. In accordance
with some embodiments, the space around the distribution unit 100
and the one or more treatment fins 200 of a given treatment module
10 may be backfilled, for example, with treatment sand (and/or any
other suitable treatment/filtration media), and topsoil may be
disposed there over. The presence of such supplemental treatment
media may provide for further treatment of liquid draining from a
given treatment fin 200 before such liquid enters into the
surrounding/underlying soil, in accordance with an embodiment.
[0151] The arrangement of treatment fins 200 and surrounding
treatment sand can be customized to provide a treatment cell 40 (or
treatment cell 50, discussed below) having a treatment module 10 of
a given configuration, as desired for a given target application or
end-use. For instance, consider FIGS. 19A-19C, which illustrate
several views of a rectangular treatment cell 40 configured in
accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some
cases, treatment fins 200 may be at substantially the same height
with respect to one another along the length of distribution unit
100 (e.g., as in FIG. 19B). However, as previously noted above with
respect to FIG. 1C, in some other cases, a first treatment fin 200
may be vertically offset from a second treatment fin 200 by a
vertical distance (.DELTA.Y) along the length of unit 100. In some
example cases, first and second treatment fins 200 may be separated
by a vertical offset distance (.DELTA.Y), for example, in the range
of about 0.5-6.0 inches (e.g., about 0.5-2.0 inches, about 2.0-4.0
inches, about 4.0-6.0 inches, or any other sub-range in the range
of about 0.5-6.0 inches). Greater or lesser vertical offset
distance (.DELTA.Y) values may be provided, as desired. In some
such cases in which the treatment fins 200 are staggered in this
manner, liquid waste may accumulate within distribution unit 100,
reaching each fin 200 in succession up the length of unit 100, in
accordance with an embodiment.
[0152] In some instances, a given treatment fin 200 may be arranged
such that its major axis is substantially parallel with the
longitudinal axis of an associated distribution unit 100. In some
other instances, a given treatment fin 200 may be arranged such
that its major axis is offset in alignment with respect to the
longitudinal axis of an associated distribution unit 100. For
example, a treatment fin 200 may be oriented such that its major
axis is offset from the longitudinal axis of a unit 100 by about
45.degree. (e.g., .+-.5.degree.), by about 90.degree. (e.g.,
.+-.5.degree.), or by any other angle, as desired for a given
target application or end-use. Also, consider FIGS. 23A-23B, which
illustrate several views of a rectangular treatment cell 40
configured in accordance with another embodiment of the present
disclosure. As can be seen here, a distribution unit 100 may have a
truncated sump portion 110 (e.g., as previously discussed with
respect to FIGS. 7A-7D), thereby reducing the total vertical depth
of an installed treatment module 10, in accordance with an
embodiment.
[0153] It should be noted, however, that the present disclosure is
not so limited only to rectangular treatment cell configurations.
For instance, consider FIGS. 20A-20B, which illustrate several
views of a rounded treatment cell 50 configured in accordance with
an embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIGS. 21A-21B, which
illustrate several views of a rounded treatment cell 50 configured
in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. As
can be seen from these figures, in some cases, treatment fins 200
may be arranged about distribution unit 100 in a generally linear
configuration (e.g., as in FIG. 20A), whereas in some other cases,
a generally spiraled arrangement of treatment fins 200 may be
provided (e.g., as in FIG. 21A). Furthermore, consider FIG. 22,
which illustrates a rounded treatment cell 50 configured in
accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. As
can be seen here, in some cases, a multi-faceted distribution unit
100 may be provided, and multiple treatment fins 200 may be in flow
communication with a given side/facet of such unit 100, in
accordance with some embodiments. Other suitable treatment cell
geometries (e.g., curvilinear; polygonal) will depend on a given
application and will be apparent in light of this disclosure.
[0154] In accordance with some embodiments, multiple treatment
modules 10 may be operatively coupled with one another. The
quantity and arrangement of modules 10 can be customized, as
desired for a given target application or end-use. In some cases, a
plurality of treatment modules 10 may be arranged, for example, in
a straight trench arrangement, a curved trench arrangement, a
substantially horizontal planar arrangement on a hill, a graded
arrangement (e.g., within .+-.25.degree. of horizontal), a bed
arrangement, a tiered arrangement, and/or a serial distribution
arrangement. Multiple treatment modules 10 may be coupled in a
linear or non-linear fashion, as desired. Multiple treatment
modules 10 may be coupled in series and/or parallel arrangements,
as desired. The spacing of treatment modules 10 may be customized,
for example, to adjust the distribution of liquid waste across such
system and/or the total system footprint.
[0155] FIGS. 24A-24C illustrate several views of a serial
arrangement 1000 of rectangular treatment cells 40 configured in
accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIGS.
25A-25C illustrate several views of a serial arrangement 1001 of
rounded treatment cells 50 configured in accordance with another
embodiment of the present disclosure. As can be seen from these
figures, multiple treatment modules 10 of multiple treatment cells
40 may be connected with one another via a plurality of pipes 302
and/or pipes 304. A first treatment cell 40 in a given series may
be coupled with a source of liquid waste via a pipe 302, and the
last treatment cell 40 in the series may be coupled with a vent
stack 308 via a pipe 302. As can be seen further, the mid-portions
120 of the distribution units 100 may be coupled in flow
communication with one another via pipes 302 (e.g., serial feed
pipes), and the sump portions 110 thereof may be coupled in flow
communication with one another via pipes 304 (e.g., equalization
pipes). A given pipe 302/304 may be any standard and/or custom
pipe/conduit, and the geometry, size, and material composition of a
given pipe 302/304 can be customized, as desired for a given target
application or end-use. In accordance with some embodiments, pipe
302 and/or pipe 304 may be formed from an impermeable material to
prevent or otherwise reduce leakage of liquid waste migrating
between distribution units 100 in flow communication with one
another. To that end, a given pipe 302/304 may be formed from any
of the example material(s) discussed above, for instance, with
respect to distribution unit 100, in accordance with some
embodiments.
[0156] FIGS. 26A-26C illustrate several views of a terraced serial
arrangement 1002 of rectangular treatment cells 40 configured in
accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIGS.
27A-27B illustrate several views of a narrow/consolidated terraced
serial arrangement 1003 of rectangular treatment cells 40
configured in accordance with another embodiment of the present
disclosure. As can be seen, a first sub-set (Sub-Set 1) of
rectangular treatment cells 40 may be vertically offset from a
second sub-set (Sub-Set 2) thereof by a vertical offset distance
(.DELTA.E). The vertical offset distance (.DELTA.E) can be
customized, as desired for a given target application or end-use.
In accordance with some embodiments, the vertical offset distance
(.DELTA.E) may be selected such that the flow of liquid waste from
a first distribution unit 100 of a first cell 40 to a second
distribution unit 100 of a second cell 40 is within about
.+-.25.degree. of horizontal. As can be seen further, in some
cases, natural, undisturbed soil may remain between the rectangular
treatment cells 40 (e.g., adjacent to the treatment sand, if
provided). In some other cases, however, the soil may be removed
and replaced with treatment sand (and/or other treatment/filtration
media). For instance, consider FIGS. 28A-28C, which illustrate
several views of an interlocking serial arrangement 1004 of
rectangular treatment cells 40 configured in accordance with an
embodiment of the present disclosure. As can be seen here, the
treatment fins 200 of the constituent treatment cells 40 may be
arranged so as to at least partially interlock, overlap, or
otherwise reside adjacent to one another to facilitate a reduction
in the overall system footprint, in accordance with an embodiment.
In a more general sense, a first treatment cell 40 or 50 having a
first areal footprint (e.g., of X ft.sup.2) and a second treatment
cell 40 or 50 having a second areal footprint (e.g., Y ft.sup.2)
may be installed or otherwise arranged such that the first and
second areal footprints at least partially overlap one another
(e.g., the installation/arrangement is less than X ft.sup.2+Y
ft.sup.2). In some instances, the treatment cells 40 or 50 may be
arranged without inclusion of any soil there between; that is,
treatment sand (and/or any other treatment/filtration media) may
fill the interstitial space between neighboring treatment cells 40
or 50. As will be appreciated in light of this disclosure, the
areal footprint of a given treatment cell 40 or 50 may be
substantially conformal to the constituent components of a given
treatment module 10 (or treatment cell 40 or 50), or it may be the
smallest (or other specified) area fitted by a geometric shape
(e.g., circle, ellipse, rectangle, square, etc.) that substantially
encompasses it (e.g., when viewed from a top-down plan view).
[0157] FIGS. 29A-29B illustrate several views of an arrangement
1005 of rectangular treatment cells 40 including a distribution box
306 configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present
disclosure. As can be seen here, a distribution box 306 optionally
may be in flow communication with one or more downstream treatment
cells 40. Distribution box 306 may be configured as typically done
and may serve to deliver liquid waste to one or more downstream
distribution units 100 from an upstream source (e.g., septic
tank).
[0158] FIGS. 30A-30C illustrate several views of a multi-level
arrangement 1006 of rectangular treatment cells 40 configured in
accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. As can be
seen here, a first tier (Tier 1) of rectangular treatment cells 40
may be disposed at a first depth (e.g., with respect to the
ground), and a second tier (Tier 2) may be disposed at a second,
different depth (e.g., with respect to the ground). The quantity of
tiers, the quantity of treatment cells 40 per tier, and the depth
of a given constituent treatment cell 40 may be customized, as
desired for a given target application or end-use. It may be
desirable, in some instances, to extend the length of the headspace
portion 130 of a given distribution unit 100 of a given lower tier,
for example, up to or above the ground surface to facilitate access
to the interior hollow 105 thereof (e.g., for cleaning). In some
cases, a distribution box 306 may be included to facilitate
distribution of liquid waste between constituent tiers.
[0159] FIGS. 31A-31C illustrate several views of a serial
arrangement 1007 of rectangular treatment cells 40 configured in
accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. As
can be seen in this example case, arrangement 1007 is configured
for single point discharge. To that end, arrangement 1007 includes
a containment liner 320, drainage material 322, and a collection
pipe 324, in accordance with an embodiment. It should be noted,
however, that the present disclosure is not so limited, as in some
other embodiments, multiple discharge/collection points may be
provided, as desired.
[0160] Liner 320 may serve, at least in part, to collect treated
liquid that has passed through a given treatment fin 200 of a given
treatment module 10 and to prevent that treated liquid from freely
draining to the surrounding soil (or other installation site). To
that end, optional liner 320 may be formed from any suitable
impermeable or semi-permeable material (or combination of such
materials) including, for example: clay; a plastic; a metal (e.g.,
steel); and/or a combination of any one or more thereof. In a more
general sense, optional liner 320 can be formed from any of the
example materials discussed above, for instance, with respect to
optional media retention layer 220 and optional internal barrier
layer 230. In some instances, a first portion of optional liner 320
may be provided with a first degree of permeability (or
impermeability), whereas a second portion thereof may be provided
with a second, different degree of permeability (or
impermeability). For example, a bottom portion of liner 320 may be
more permeable than a side portion thereof. Numerous configurations
and variations will be apparent in light of this disclosure. In
some cases, liner 320 may be flexible (e.g., a bag or sheet),
whereas in some other cases, a rigid or semi-rigid liner 320 (e.g.,
a bin or housing) may be provided. In some instances, optional
liner 320 may be affixed to or otherwise supported by a frame
(e.g., a metal frame; a composite frame; a wooden frame; etc.), the
dimensions of which may be selected, at least in part, based on the
dimensions of the one or more treatment modules 10 with which it is
associated. In some cases, optional liner 320 may include one or
more coatings (e.g., a sealant). The thickness of liner 320 may be
customized, as desired for a given target application or end-use,
and in some example cases may be in the range of about 0.01-2.0
inches (e.g., about 0.01-0.1 inches, about 0.1-0.5 inches, about
0.5-1.0 inches, about 1.0-1.5 inches, about 1.5-2.0 inches, or any
other sub-range in the range of about 0.01-2.0 inches). Other
suitable configurations for liner 320 will depend on a given
application and will be apparent in light of this disclosure.
[0161] Drainage material 322 may be disposed between a given
treatment module 10 and underlying liner 320. Drainage material 322
may include any of the example materials (e.g., aggregate, coarse
material, fibers, etc.) discussed above, for instance, with respect
to porous material 210, in accordance with some embodiments. In
some cases, a constituent piece/portion of such drainage material
322 may have an average thickness (e.g., width/diameter), for
instance, of: about 1/64 inch or greater; about 1/32 inch or
greater; about 1/16 inch or greater; about 1/8 inch or greater;
about 1/4 inch or greater; about 3/8 inch or greater; about 1/2
inch or greater; about 1 inch or greater; or about 11/2 inches or
greater. In some cases, a constituent piece/portion of such
drainage material 322 may have an average length, for instance, in
the range of about 0.25-1.5 inches (e.g., about 0.25-0.5 inches,
about 0.5-0.75 inches, about 0.75-1.0 inches, about 1.0-1.25
inches, about 1.25-1.5 inches, or any other sub-range in the range
of about 0.25-1.5 inches). Other suitable drainage materials 322
will depend on a given application and will be apparent in light of
this disclosure.
[0162] As can be seen, collection pipe 324 may be disposed, at
least in part, within drainage material 322 under a given treatment
module 10. In accordance with some embodiments, collection pipe 324
may be formed from any of the example materials discussed above,
for instance, with respect to distribution unit 100. Also, the
dimensions of collection pipe 324 may be customized, as desired for
a given target application or end-use. In accordance with an
embodiment, collection pipe 324 may be configured to receive
treated liquid that has passed through drainage material 322 and to
deliver that treated liquid downstream to an outlet point 325. To
that end, collection pipe 324 may have one or more apertures (e.g.,
holes, perforations, elongate slots, or other orifices) defined in
its sidewall, allowing liquid to flow into pipe 324. In accordance
with an embodiment, the end of collection pipe 324 having outlet
point 325 may pass through liner 320. In some such cases, a
bulkhead (or other suitable interface) may be included at the
location where collection pipe 324 passes through liner 320 to
provide a liquid-tight sealing arrangement between pipe 324 and
liner 320. Collection pipe 324 may have any desired geometry (e.g.,
linear, V-shaped, etc.), and in some instances may be graded (e.g.,
within about .+-.25.degree. of horizontal). Other suitable
configurations for collection pipe 324 will depend on a given
application and will be apparent in light of this disclosure.
[0163] In accordance with some embodiments, liquid received from
outlet point 325 of collection pipe 324 may be directed, for
example, back into an upstream septic tank and/or one or more
additional treatment systems or devices. For instance, treated
liquid may be collected from collection pipe 324 and subjected to
one or more additional treatment processes, such as: nitrification;
denitrification; chlorination; ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
(UVGI) or other disinfection process; recirculation; and/or any
other desired liquid waste treatment process, as desired for a
given target application or end-use.
[0164] It should be noted that any of the example system
arrangements (e.g., arrangements 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004,
1005, 1006, and/or 1007) discussed herein may utilize rectangular
treatment cells 40, rounded treatment cells 50, and/or any other
treatment cell geometry, as desired, in accordance with some
embodiments. Numerous suitable configurations and arrangements will
be apparent in light of this disclosure.
[0165] In some cases, a given treatment module 10 may be coupled
with a recharge pipe or other access point by which substances such
as, for instance, nutrients, additives, microorganisms, carbon,
and/or sulfur, among others, may be delivered without having to dig
up or otherwise disassemble the treatment system. In some
instances, such an access point may facilitate bacterial
injection/seeding. In accordance with some embodiments, accumulated
sludge/solids may be removed from a given distribution unit 100,
for example, by removing cover 134 (if optionally included) and
vacuuming out sump portion 110. In some instances, a given
distribution unit 100 may be cleaned out individually. In some
cases, connections between sump portions 110 of coupled
distribution units 100 (e.g., via pipes 304) may facilitate
cleaning across multiple distribution units 100.
[0166] The foregoing description of example embodiments has been
presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is
not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present disclosure to
the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are
possible in light of this disclosure. It is intended that the scope
of the present disclosure be limited not by this detailed
description, but rather by the claims appended hereto. Future-filed
applications claiming priority to this application may claim the
disclosed subject matter in a different manner and generally may
include any set of one or more limitations as variously disclosed
or otherwise demonstrated herein.
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