U.S. patent application number 15/404800 was filed with the patent office on 2017-07-20 for display method, motion analysis apparatus, motion analysis system, motion analysis program, and recording medium.
This patent application is currently assigned to SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION. The applicant listed for this patent is SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION. Invention is credited to Masafumi SATO.
Application Number | 20170203188 15/404800 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 59315012 |
Filed Date | 2017-07-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170203188 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
SATO; Masafumi |
July 20, 2017 |
DISPLAY METHOD, MOTION ANALYSIS APPARATUS, MOTION ANALYSIS SYSTEM,
MOTION ANALYSIS PROGRAM, AND RECORDING MEDIUM
Abstract
A display method includes displaying first data group related to
a plurality of indexes based on analysis data regarding a first
motion in correlation with second data group related to the
plurality of indexes based on analysis data regarding a second
motion, for the indexes, the analysis data regarding the first
motion and the second motion being detected by using outputs from
an inertial sensor.
Inventors: |
SATO; Masafumi; (Hara-mura,
JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION |
Tokyo |
|
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION
Tokyo
JP
|
Family ID: |
59315012 |
Appl. No.: |
15/404800 |
Filed: |
January 12, 2017 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B 2024/0012 20130101;
A63B 71/0622 20130101; A63B 69/36 20130101; A63B 2220/803 20130101;
A61B 2562/0219 20130101; A61B 5/1124 20130101; A61B 5/486 20130101;
A63B 60/46 20151001; A63B 2102/32 20151001; G06K 9/0053 20130101;
A61B 5/11 20130101; G06K 9/00342 20130101; A63B 2220/62 20130101;
A63B 2220/833 20130101; G06K 9/0055 20130101; A61B 2503/10
20130101; A63B 2071/0647 20130101; A63B 24/0006 20130101; A61B
5/1122 20130101; A61B 5/6895 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A63B 71/06 20060101
A63B071/06; A63B 24/00 20060101 A63B024/00; A63B 69/36 20060101
A63B069/36; A63B 60/46 20060101 A63B060/46 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jan 15, 2016 |
JP |
2016-005851 |
Claims
1. A display method comprising: displaying first data group related
to a plurality of indexes based on analysis data regarding a first
motion in correlation with second data group related to the
plurality of indexes based on analysis data regarding a second
motion, for the indexes, the analysis data regarding the first
motion and the second motion being detected by using outputs from
an inertial sensor in a swing using an exercise equipment.
2. The display method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality
of indexes are set in advance.
3. The display method according to claim 1, wherein the first data
group and the second data group are displayed so that corresponding
data items are arranged for the indexes.
4. The display method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality
of indexes are displayed so that all display targets are disposed
on a single display section.
5. The display method according to claim 1, wherein any one of the
indexes displayed in a list form is designated, and thus switching
to another display screen occurs.
6. The display method according to claim 1, wherein the first
motion and the second motion are motions performed by different
users.
7. A motion analysis apparatus comprising: a processing section
that calculates analysis data regarding motions, detected by using
outputs from an inertial sensor in a swing using an exercise
equipment; and a display section that displays analysis results on
the basis of the analysis data, wherein first data group related to
a plurality of indexes based on analysis data regarding a first
motion, and second data group related to the plurality of indexes
based on analysis data regarding a second motion are displayed to
be arranged in correlation with each other for the indexes on the
display section.
8. The motion analysis apparatus according to claim 7, further
comprising: an operation section, wherein the plurality of indexes
are set in advance by using the operation section.
9. The motion analysis apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the
first data group and the second data group are displayed on the
display section so that corresponding data items are arranged for
the indexes.
10. The motion analysis apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the
plurality of indexes are displayed so that all display targets are
disposed on the display section.
11. The motion analysis apparatus according to claim 7, wherein any
one of the indexes displayed in a list form is designated, and thus
switching to another display screen occurs.
12. The motion analysis apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the
first motion and the second motion are motions performed by
different users.
13. A motion analysis system comprising: the motion analysis
apparatus according to claim 7; and an inertial sensor.
14. A motion analysis system comprising: the motion analysis
apparatus according to claim 8; and an inertial sensor.
15. A motion analysis system comprising: the motion analysis
apparatus according to claim 9; and an inertial sensor.
16. A motion analysis system comprising: the motion analysis
apparatus according to claim 10; and an inertial sensor.
17. A motion analysis system comprising: the motion analysis
apparatus according to claim 11; and an inertial sensor.
18. A motion analysis system comprising: the motion analysis
apparatus according to claim 12; and an inertial sensor.
19. A motion analysis program causing a computer to execute:
calculating first data group related to a plurality of indexes
based on analysis data regarding a first motion, and second data
group related to the plurality of indexes based on analysis data
regarding a second motion, the analysis data regarding the first
motion and the second motion being detected by using outputs from
an inertial sensor in a swing using an exercise equipment; and
displaying the first data group and the second data group in
correlation with each other for the indexes.
20. A recording medium recording a program causing a computer to
execute: calculating first data group related to a plurality of
indexes based on analysis data regarding a first motion, and second
data group related to the plurality of indexes based on analysis
data regarding a second motion, the analysis data regarding the
first motion and the second motion being detected by using outputs
from an inertial sensor in a swing using an exercise equipment; and
displaying the first data group and the second data group in
correlation with each other for the indexes.
Description
BACKGROUND
[0001] 1. Technical Field
[0002] The present invention relates to a display method, a motion
analysis apparatus, a motion analysis system, a motion analysis
program, and a recording medium.
[0003] 2. Related Art
[0004] In the related art, there is a technique in which a swing of
exercise equipment in sports such as golf, tennis, or baseball, for
example, a swing (golf swing) of a golf club is analyzed, and an
athletic ability of a player is enhanced by improving a trajectory
of the swing. As an example of such a technique, for example,
JP-A-2015-180276 discloses a gold support device. The golf support
device disclosed in JP-A-2015-180276 measures items related to a
swing of a golf club, such as a head speed or a ball speed, by
using a Doppler sensor, and analyzes the swing of the golf club.
Analysis results are displayed on a display section provided in the
golf support device.
[0005] In the technique disclosed in JP-A-2015-180276, since a
single data item related to a plurality of indexes based on
analysis data regarding a single swing is displayed on a single
screen, in order to perform an objective evaluation while comparing
different analysis data items regarding a plurality of swings with
each other, for example, it is necessary to perform an operation of
tapping the screen several times for shifting the screen.
Therefore, there is a problem of inconvenience that a user's
handling is complex.
SUMMARY
[0006] An advantage of some aspects of the invention is to solve at
least a part of the problems described above, and the invention can
be implemented as the following forms or application examples.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE 1
[0007] A display method according to this application example
includes displaying first data group related to a plurality of
indexes based on analysis data regarding a first motion in
correlation with second data group related to the plurality of
indexes based on analysis data regarding a second motion, for each
of the indexes, the analysis data regarding the first motion and
the second motion being detected by using outputs from an inertial
sensor in a swing using an exercise equipment.
[0008] According to the display method of this application example,
it is possible to visually recognize at least two swing analysis
data items while comparing the swing analysis data items with each
other, and thus to easily perform objective evaluation while
comparing different swing analysis data items with each other.
Consequently, since it is not necessary for a user to perform an
operation of tapping a screen several times in order to compare
analysis data items with each other, complexity is reduced, and
thus it is possible to improve convenience.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE 2
[0009] In the display method of the application example, it is
preferable that the plurality of indexes are set in advance.
[0010] According to this application example, since an index
desired to be displayed is set in advance by a user among swing
analysis data items, swing analysis data desired to be obtained by
the user can be efficiently displayed without troubling the user
after a swing is performed, and thus it is possible to further
improve convenience.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE 3
[0011] In the display method of the application example, it is
preferable that the first data group and the second data group are
displayed so that corresponding data items are arranged for each of
the indexes.
[0012] According to this application example, since corresponding
data items are displayed to be arranged for each index, at least
two different swing analysis data items can be visually recognized
at first sight, and can thus be efficiently checked.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE 4
[0013] In the display method of the application example, it is
preferable that the plurality of indexes are displayed so that all
display targets are disposed on a single display section.
[0014] According to this application example, since all of display
target indexes are disposed in a list form and are displayed on a
single display section, all analysis data items can be visually
recognized on a single screen even without switching (shifting)
between screens, and thus it is possible to perform efficient
motion analysis.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE 5
[0015] In the display method of the application example, it is
preferable that any one of the indexes displayed in a list form is
designated, and thus switching to another display screen
occurs.
[0016] According to this application example, any one of indexes
displayed in a list form is designated, and, for example, switching
to another display screen for displaying detailed data or the like
of the designated index can be performed, and thus efficient
display can be performed. Therefore, it is possible to perform
efficient motion analysis.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE 6
[0017] In the display method of the application example, it is
preferable that the first motion and the second motion are motions
performed by different users.
[0018] According to this application example, it is possible to
perform comparison with analysis data of motion performed by
another person, and thus to further perform objective
evaluation.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE 7
[0019] A motion analysis apparatus according to this application
example includes a processing section that calculates analysis data
regarding motions, detected by using outputs from an inertial
sensor in a swing using an exercise equipment; and a display
section that displays analysis results on the basis of the analysis
data, in which first data group related to a plurality of indexes
based on analysis data regarding a first motion, and second data
group related to the plurality of indexes based on analysis data
regarding a second motion are displayed to be arranged in
correlation with each other for each of the indexes on the display
section.
[0020] According to the motion analysis apparatus of this
application example, since first data group related to a plurality
of indexes based on analysis data regarding a first motion, and
second data group related to the plurality of indexes based on
analysis data regarding a second motion, calculated by the
processing section, are displayed to be arranged in correlation
with each other for each of the indexes on the display section, it
is possible to visually recognize at least two different swing
analysis data items while comparing the swing analysis data items
with each other. Consequently, a user can easily perform objective
evaluation while comparing different swing analysis data items with
each other. Since it is not necessary for a user to perform an
operation of tapping a screen several times in order to compare
analysis data items with each other, complexity is reduced, and
thus it is possible to improve convenience.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE 8
[0021] It is preferable that the motion analysis apparatus of the
application example further includes an operation section, and the
plurality of indexes are set in advance by using the operation
section.
[0022] According to this application example, since an index
desired to be displayed is set in advance by a user among swing
analysis data items, swing analysis data desired to be obtained by
the user can be efficiently displayed without troubling the user
after a swing is performed, and thus it is possible to further
improve convenience.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE 9
[0023] In the motion analysis apparatus of the application example,
it is preferable that the first data group and the second data
group are displayed on the display section so that corresponding
data items are arranged for each of the indexes.
[0024] According to this application example, since corresponding
data items are displayed to be arranged for each index on the
display section, at least two different swing analysis data items
can be visually recognized at first sight, and can thus be
efficiently checked.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE 10
[0025] In the motion analysis apparatus of the application example,
it is preferable that the plurality of indexes are displayed so
that all display targets are disposed on the display section.
[0026] According to this application example, since all of display
target indexes are disposed in a list form and are displayed on the
display section, all analysis data items can be visually recognized
on a single screen even without switching (shifting) between
screens, and thus it is possible to perform efficient motion
analysis.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE 11
[0027] In the motion analysis apparatus of the application example,
it is preferable that anyone of the indexes displayed in a list
form is designated, and thus switching to another display screen
occurs.
[0028] According to this application example, any one of indexes
displayed in a list form is designated, and, for example, switching
to another display screen for displaying detailed data or the like
of the designated index can be performed, and thus efficient
display can be performed. Therefore, it is possible to perform
efficient motion analysis.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE 12
[0029] In the motion analysis apparatus of the application example,
it is preferable that the first motion and the second motion are
motions performed by different users.
[0030] According to this application example, it is possible to
perform comparison with analysis data of motion performed by
another person, and thus to further perform objective
evaluation.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE 13
[0031] A motion analysis system according to this application
example includes the motion analysis apparatus according to any of
the application examples; and an inertial sensor.
[0032] According to the motion analysis system of this application
example, since first data group related to a plurality of indexes
based on analysis data regarding a first motion, and second data
group related to the plurality of indexes based on analysis data
regarding a second motion, calculated by the processing section,
are displayed to be arranged in correlation with each other for
each of the indexes on the display section, it is possible to
visually recognize at least two swing analysis data items while
comparing the swing analysis data items with each other.
Consequently, a user can easily perform objective evaluation while
comparing different swing analysis data items with each other. It
is possible to provide a swing analysis system in which, since it
is not necessary for a user to perform an operation of tapping a
screen several times in order to compare analysis data items with
each other, complexity is reduced, and thus it is possible to
improve convenience. Therefore, a user can perform highly efficient
practice by using the swing analysis system.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE 14
[0033] A motion analysis program according to this application
example causes a computer to execute calculating first data group
related to a plurality of indexes based on analysis data regarding
a first motion, and second data group related to the plurality of
indexes based on analysis data regarding a second motion, the
analysis data regarding the first motion and the second motion
being detected by using outputs from an inertial sensor; and
displaying the first data group and the second data group in
correlation with each other for each of the indexes.
[0034] According to the motion analysis program of this application
example, since first data group related to a plurality of indexes
based on analysis data regarding a first motion, and second data
group related to the plurality of indexes based on analysis data
regarding a second motion, calculated by a processing section, are
displayed to be arranged in correlation with each other for each of
the indexes, it is possible to visually recognize at least two
swing analysis data items while comparing the swing analysis data
items with each other. Consequently, a user can easily perform
objective evaluation while comparing different swing analysis data
items with each other. Since it is not necessary fora user to
perform an operation of tapping a screen several times in order to
compare analysis data items with each other, complexity is reduced,
and thus it is possible to improve convenience.
APPLICATION EXAMPLE 15
[0035] A recording medium according to this application example
records a program causing a computer to execute calculating first
data group related to a plurality of indexes based on analysis data
regarding a first motion, and second data group related to the
plurality of indexes based on analysis data regarding a second
motion, the analysis data regarding the first motion and the second
motion being detected by using outputs from an inertial sensor; and
displaying the first data group and the second data group in
correlation with each other for each of the indexes.
[0036] According to the recording medium of this application
example, since first data group related to a plurality of indexes
based on analysis data regarding a first motion, and second data
group related to the plurality of indexes based on analysis data
regarding a second motion, calculated by a processing section, are
displayed to be arranged in correlation with each other for each of
the indexes, by executing a computer on the basis of the recorded
program, it is possible to visually recognize at least two
different swing analysis data items while comparing the swing
analysis data items with each other. Consequently, a user can
easily perform objective evaluation while comparing different swing
analysis data items with each other. Since it is not necessary for
a user to perform an operation of tapping a screen several times in
order to compare analysis data items with each other, complexity is
reduced, and thus it is possible to improve convenience.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0037] The invention will be described with reference to the
accompanying drawings, wherein like numbers reference like
elements.
[0038] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a summary of a swing
analysis system.
[0039] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating examples of a position at
which and a direction in which a sensor unit is attached.
[0040] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating swing actions.
[0041] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of
the swing analysis system.
[0042] FIG. 5 is a plan view in which a golf club and the sensor
unit are viewed from a negative side of an X axis during standing
still of the user.
[0043] FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating examples of temporal changes
of three-axis angular velocities.
[0044] FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating a temporal change of a
combined value of the three-axis angular velocities.
[0045] FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating a temporal change of a
derivative of the combined value.
[0046] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a shaft plane and a Hogan
plane.
[0047] FIG. 10 is a view in which a sectional view of the shaft
plane which is cut in a YZ plane is viewed from the negative side
of the X axis.
[0048] FIG. 11 is a view in which a sectional view of the Hogan
plane which is cut in the YZ plane is viewed from the negative side
of the X axis.
[0049] FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining a face angle and a club
path (incidence angle).
[0050] FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating operation procedures
(analysis result display method) of the swing analysis system.
[0051] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a display example of swing
analysis data.
[0052] FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a display example 1 of
swing analysis data displayed on another display screen to which an
initial screen is shifted.
[0053] FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a display example 2 of
swing analysis data displayed on still another display screen.
[0054] FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a comparative display
example in a swing trajectory.
[0055] FIG. 18 is a perspective view illustrating a head mounted
display as an example of a motion analysis display apparatus.
[0056] FIG. 19 is a perspective view illustrating an arm mounted
motion analysis display apparatus as an example of a wearable
apparatus.
DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
[0057] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be
described with reference to the drawings. The embodiments described
below are not intended to improperly limit the content of the
invention disclosed in the appended claims. In addition, all
constituent elements described below are not essential constituent
elements of the invention.
Swing Analysis (Motion Analysis) System
1-1. Configuration of Swing Analysis (Motion Analysis) System
[0058] Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, a description
will be made of a swing analysis system as an example of a motion
analysis system. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a summary of a
swing analysis system of the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a
diagram illustrating examples of a position at which and a
direction in which the sensor unit is attached. FIG. 3 is a diagram
illustrating a series of swing actions. FIG. 4 is a diagram
illustrating a configuration example of the swing analysis
system.
[0059] As illustrated in FIG. 1, a swing analysis system 1 of the
present embodiment is configured to include a sensor unit 10 (an
example of an inertial sensor), and a motion analysis display
apparatus 20 as a swing analysis apparatus. The swing analysis
system 1 analyzes a swing (hereinafter, referred to as a golf
swing) of a golf club 3 performed by a user (subject) 2 in order to
hit a golf ball 4 as a target. In the present embodiment, a swing
analysis apparatus analyzing a golf swing will be exemplified, but
a swing analysis apparatus according to the invention is applicable
to swing analysis of various exercise equipments used to perform
swings, such as rackets in tennis, badminton, and table tennis, and
bats in baseball or softball.
[0060] The sensor unit 10 as a measurement unit can measure
acceleration generated in each axial direction of three axes and
angular velocity generated around each of the three axes by using
provided inertial sensors (an acceleration sensor 12 and an angular
velocity sensor 14 illustrated in FIG. 4), and is attached to a
golf club 3 (an example of an exercise equipment) in the present
embodiment.
[0061] In the present embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the
sensor unit 10 as a measurement unit is attached to a part of a
shaft of the golf club 3 so that one axis of three detection axes
(an x axis, a y axis, and a z axis), for example, the y axis
matches a longitudinal direction of the shaft. Preferably, the
sensor unit 10 is attached to a position close to a grip to which
impact during ball hitting is hardly forwarded and a centrifugal
force is hardly applied during a swing. The shaft is a shaft
portion other than a head 3a of the golf club 3 and also includes
the grip. However, the sensor unit 10 may be attached to a part
(for example, the hand or a glove) of the user 2 as a subject, and
may be attached to an accessory such as a wristwatch.
[0062] In the present embodiment, swing analysis (motion analysis)
is described by exemplifying a swing of the golf club 3. In a golf
swing, for example, a series of swing actions as illustrated in
FIG. 3 is performed. Specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the
swing actions include actions starting from an address position in
a standing still state, and reaching impact at which the golf ball
4 is hit through respective states of halfway back at which the
shaft of the golf club 3 becomes horizontal during a backswing
after starting a swing (backswing), a top at which the swing
changes from the backswing to a downswing, and halfway down at
which the shaft of the golf club 3 becomes horizontal during the
downswing. After the impact, the series of swing actions is
completed through follow-through (not illustrated).
1-2. Configuration of Swing Analysis (Motion Analysis) System
[0063] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example
(configuration examples of the sensor unit 10, and the motion
analysis display apparatus 20) of the swing analysis (motion
analysis) system 1 of the present embodiment. As illustrated in
FIG. 4, in the present embodiment, the sensor unit 10 is configured
to include an acceleration sensor 12 and an angular velocity sensor
14 as inertial sensors, a signal processing section 16, and a
communication section 18.
[0064] The acceleration sensor 12 as an inertial sensor measures
respective accelerations in three axial directions which intersect
(ideally, orthogonal to) each other, and outputs digital signals
(acceleration data) corresponding to magnitudes and directions of
the measured three-axis accelerations.
[0065] The angular velocity sensor 14 as an inertial sensor
measures respective angular velocities in three axial directions
which intersect (ideally, orthogonal to) each other, and outputs
digital signals (angular velocity data) corresponding to magnitudes
and directions of the measured three-axis angular velocities.
[0066] The signal processing section 16 receives the acceleration
data and the angular velocity data (measured data) from the
acceleration sensor 12 and the angular velocity sensor 14,
respectively, adds time information thereto, stores the data in a
storage portion (not illustrated), adds time information to the
stored measured data (an example of attitude or position
information) so as to generate packet data conforming to a
communication format, and outputs the packet data to the
communication section 18.
[0067] Ideally, the acceleration sensor 12 and the angular velocity
sensor 14 are provided in the sensor unit 10 so that the three axes
thereof match three axes (an x axis, a y axis, and a z axis) of an
orthogonal coordinate system (sensor coordinate system) defined for
the sensor unit 10, but, actually, errors occur in installation
angles. Therefore, the signal processing section 16 performs a
process of converting the acceleration data and the angular
velocity data into data in the xyz coordinate system by using a
correction parameter which is calculated in advance according to
the installation angle errors.
[0068] The signal processing section 16 may perform a process of
correcting the temperatures of the acceleration sensor 12 and the
angular velocity sensor 14. Alternatively, the acceleration sensor
12 and the angular velocity sensor 14 may have a temperature
correction function.
[0069] The acceleration sensor 12 and the angular velocity sensor
14 may output analog signals, and, in this case, the signal
processing section 16 may A/D convert an output signal from the
acceleration sensor 12 and an output signal from the angular
velocity sensor 14 so as to generate measured data (acceleration
data and angular velocity data), and may generate communication
packet data by using the data.
[0070] The communication section 18 of the sensor unit 10 performs
a process of transmitting packet data received from the signal
processing section 16 to the motion analysis display apparatus 20,
or a process of receiving a control command from the motion
analysis display apparatus 20 and sending the control command to
the signal processing section 16. The signal processing section 16
performs various processes corresponding to control commands.
[0071] The motion analysis display apparatus 20 is implemented by,
for example, an information terminal (client terminal) such as a
smart phone, a personal computer, a head mounted display (HMD) 500
which will be described later, or an arm mounted analysis display
apparatus 600 which will be described later. The motion analysis
display apparatus (display apparatus) 20 is configured to include a
processing section 21 (an example of a processing section), a
communication section 22, an operation section 23, a storage
section 24, a display section 25, a sound output section 26, and an
imaging section 27.
[0072] The communication section 22 of the motion analysis display
apparatus 20 performs a process of receiving packet data
transmitted from the sensor unit 10 and sending the packet data to
the processing section 21, or a process of transmitting a control
command from the processing section 21 to the sensor unit 10.
[0073] The operation section 23 as an input section performs a
process of acquiring operation data from the user (subject) 2 and
sending the operation data to the processing section 21. The
operation section 23 may be, for example, a touch panel type
display, a button, a key, or a microphone. In other words, the
operation section 23 functions as an input section which allows
operation data or the like to be input. The user (subject) 2 may
input desired operation data via the operation section 23. Data
acquired from the operation section 23 may include, for example, a
swing time (date and time), user identification information (user
ID), the sex of the user 2, golf club information 242, physical
information 244 of the user 2, and sensor attachment position
information 246 corresponding to position information of the sensor
unit 10.
[0074] Data acquired from the operation section 23 may include
indexes which are selected from among a plurality of indexes 38
(first data 45 and second data 45a; refer to FIG. 14) displayed in
a list form on a display section 25 which will be described later
after analysis is finished, and are input. Consequently, since
indexes desired to be displayed in a list form are set in advance
by the user 2 among pieces of swing analysis data, the swing
analysis data desired to be obtained by the user 2 can be displayed
in a list form without troubling the user 2 after performing a
swing, and thus it is possible to further improve convenience.
[0075] The storage section 24 is constituted of, for example,
various IC memories such as a read only memory (ROM), a flash ROM,
and a random access memory (RAM), or a recording medium such as a
hard disk or a memory card.
[0076] The storage section 24 stores a program for the processing
section 21 performing various computation processes or a control
process, or various programs or data for realizing application
functions. Particularly, in the present embodiment, the storage
section 24 stores a swing analysis program (motion analysis
program) 240 which is read by the processing section 21 and
executes a swing analysis process. The swing analysis program 240
may be stored in a nonvolatile recording medium (an example of a
recording medium) in advance, or the swing analysis program 240 may
be received from a server by the processing section 21 via a
network, and may be stored in the storage section 24.
[0077] The storage section 24 stores the golf club information 242,
the physical information 244, the sensor attachment position
information 246 which is position information of the sensor unit
10, and swing analysis data 248 obtained by analyzing a swing, as
information used for a swing analysis process.
[0078] The golf club information 242 is information indicating a
specification of the golf club 3 used by the user 2. For example,
the user 2 may operate the operation section 23 so as to input golf
club information regarding the golf club 3 in use, and the input
golf club information regarding the golf club 3 may be used as the
golf club information 242. Alternatively, in step S100 in FIG. 13
which will be described later, the user 2 may sequentially input
type numbers of the golf club 3 (alternatively, selects a type
number from a type number list) so that specification information
(for example, information regarding a length of the shaft, a
position of the centroid thereof, a lie angle, a face age, a loft
angle, and the like) for each type number is stored in the storage
section 24 in advance. In this case, specification information of
an input type number may be used as the golf club information
242.
[0079] The physical information 244 is information indicating a
physique (a height of the waist, a height of the neck, a length of
the arm, and the like) of the user 2. For example, the user 2 may
input physical information by operating the operation section 23,
and the input physical information may be used as the physical
information 244.
[0080] The sensor attachment position information 246 is
information indicating an attachment position of the sensor unit 10
in the golf club 3. For example, in step S100 in FIG. 13, the user
2 may input an attachment position of the sensor unit 10 and a
distance to the grip of the golf club 3 by operating the operation
section 23, and the input distance information may be used as the
sensor attachment position information 246. Alternatively, the
sensor unit 10 may be attached at a defined predetermined position
(for example, a distance of 20 cm from the grip), and thus
information regarding the predetermined position may be stored as
the sensor attachment position information 246 in advance.
[0081] The storage section 24 is used as a work area of the
processing section 21, and temporarily stores data which is input
from the operation section 23, results of calculation executed by
the processing section 21 according to various programs, and the
like. The storage section 24 may store data which is required to be
preserved for a long period of time among data items generated
through processing in the processing section 21, for example, swing
analysis data obtained by analyzing a previously performed
swing.
[0082] The display section 25 displays a processing result in the
processing section 21 as text, a graph, a table, animation, and
other images. The display section 25 may be, for example, a CRT, an
LCD, a touch panel type display, and a head mounted display (HMD).
A single touch panel type display may realize functions of the
operation section 23 and the display section 25.
[0083] The display section 25 displays a group of a plurality of
first data items (first data group) indicating analysis data
regarding the present swing, and a group of a plurality of second
data items (second data group) comparatively displayed, indicating,
for example, analysis data regarding a swing corresponding to one
rotation, in a list form (refer to FIG. 14). The first data group
and the second data group are displayed so that corresponding data
items are arranged for each of indexes 38 (refer to FIG. 14). In
this example, "rotation/top" is illustrated as an index 46, but, as
other indexes, various indexes such as "head speed", "face angle
open", "club path inside out", "attack angle upper", and "rhythm"
may be exemplified as illustrated in FIG. 14. Specifically, in the
display example illustrated in FIG. 14, "rotation/top" 46 which is
one of the indexes is exemplified. First data 45 as the first data
group indicating analysis data regarding the present swing, and
second data 45a indicating, analysis data regarding a swing
corresponding to, for example, one rotation, comparatively
displayed, as the second data group, are displayed to be
arranged.
[0084] Regarding a function of the operation section 23 on the
display section 25, an index which will be displayed in detail may
be designated by touching (screen touching) the display section 25
among the indexes 38 (refer to FIG. 14 which will be described
later) displayed on the display section 25. As mentioned above,
since designation of an index to be displayed in detail can be
performed on the operation section 23 on the display section 25, it
is possible to directly designate an index 39 (refer to FIG. 14) to
be displayed in detail while visually recognizing the indexes 38
displayed in a list form, and thus to reliably and easily perform
designation.
[0085] The sound output section 26 outputs a processing result
(analysis information) in the processing section 21 so as to
present the processing result as a sound such as a voice or a
buzzer sound. The sound output section 26 may be, for example, a
speaker or a buzzer.
[0086] The imaging section 27 includes a light reception unit (not
illustrated) provided with an optical lens (imaging optical system)
or a charge coupled device (CCD) (not illustrated). The imaging
section 27 may capture an image of a subject (user 2) and store
imaging data in the storage section 24, or may send imaging data to
an image data generation portion 216, and display image data
generated by the image data generation portion 216 on the display
section 25.
[0087] The processing section 21 performs a process of transmitting
a control command to the sensor unit 10, various computation
processes on data which is received from the sensor unit 10 via the
communication section 22, and other various control processes,
according to various programs. The processing section 21 may
generate analysis data obtained by analyzing a swing by using data
regarding the swing received from the sensor unit 10, and may form
and output a swing trajectory 30 (refer to FIGS. 15 and 17) and
display data of analysis information on the basis of the analysis
data. By executing the swing analysis program (motion analysis
program) 240, the processing section 21 functions as a data
acquisition portion 210, a swing diagnosis portion 211, a swing
analysis portion 215, an image data generation portion 216, a
storage processing portion 217, a display processing portion 218,
and a sound output processing portion 219. The processing section
21 functions as a computer.
[0088] The data acquisition portion 210 performs a process of
receiving packet data which is received from the sensor unit 10 by
the communication section 22, acquiring time information and
measured data in the sensor unit 10 from the received packet data,
and sending the time information and the measured data to the
storage processing portion 217.
[0089] The swing diagnosis portion 211 diagnoses the quality of a
swing on the basis of indexes of the swing calculated by the swing
analysis portion 215. As a specific technique will be described
later, a technique is employed in which the quality of a swing is
determined on the basis of in which region a position of a head 3a
at halfway back and halfway down is included among a plurality of
regions determined by using a shaft plane SP and a Hogan plane HP
(V zone) calculated by the swing analysis portion 215.
[0090] The swing analysis portion 215 performs a process of
analyzing a swing action of the user 2 by using the measured data
(the measured data stored in the storage section 24) output from
the sensor unit 10, the data from the operation section 23, or the
like, so as to generate the swing analysis data 248 including a
time point (date and time) at which the swing was performed,
identification information or the sex of the user 2, the type of
golf club 3, and information regarding a swing action analysis
result. Particularly, in the present embodiment, the swing analysis
portion 215 calculates a value of each index of the swing as at
least some of the information regarding the swing action analysis
result.
[0091] The swing analysis portion 215 may calculate at least one
virtual plane as an index of the swing. For example, at least one
virtual plane includes a shaft plane SP (an example of a first
virtual plane) which will be described later, and a Hogan plane HP
(an example of a second virtual plane) which will be described
later forming a first angle with the shaft plane SP, and the swing
analysis portion 215 may calculate the "shaft plane SP" and the
"Hogan plane HP" as the indexes.
[0092] The swing analysis portion 215 may calculate a position of
the head 3a of the golf club 3 at a first timing during the
backswing as an index of the swing. For example, the first timing
is the time of halfway back at which the longitudinal direction of
the golf club 3 becomes a direction along the horizontal direction
during the backswing, and the swing analysis portion 215 may
calculate a "position of the head 3a at halfway back" which will be
described later as the index.
[0093] The swing analysis portion 215 may calculate a position of
the head 3a of the golf club 3 at a second timing during the
downswing as an index of the swing. For example, the second timing
is the time of halfway down at which the longitudinal direction of
the golf club 3 becomes a direction along the horizontal direction
during the downswing, and the swing analysis portion 215 may
calculate a "position of the head 3a at halfway down" which will be
described later as the index.
[0094] The swing analysis portion 215 may calculate an index based
on an incidence angle of the head 3a of the golf club 3 at impact
(at ball hitting), as an index of the swing. For example, the swing
analysis portion 215 may calculate a "club path (incidence angle)
.psi." which will be described later as the index.
[0095] The swing analysis portion 215 may calculate an index based
on an inclination of the head 3a of the golf club 3 at impact (at
ball hitting) as an index of the swing. For example, the swing
analysis portion 215 may calculate a "(absolute) face angle .phi."
or a "relative face angle .eta." which will be described later as
the index.
[0096] The swing analysis portion 215 may calculate an index based
on a speed of the golf club 3 at impact (at ball hitting) as an
index of the swing. For example, the swing analysis portion 215 may
calculate a "head speed" which will be described later as the
index.
[0097] The swing analysis portion 215 may calculate, as an index of
the swing, an index based on a rotation angle about a rotation axis
(hereinafter, referred to as about the long axis) of the shaft of
the golf club 3 at a predetermined timing between the time of
starting a backswing and the time of impact (at ball hitting) with
the longitudinal direction of the shaft as the rotation axis. The
rotation angle about the long axis of the golf club 3 may be an
angle by which the golf club 3 is rotated about the long axis from
a reference timing to a predetermined timing. The reference timing
may be the time of starting a backswing, and may be the time of
address. The predetermined timing may be the time (the time of a
top) at which a backswing transitions to a downswing. For example,
the swing analysis portion 215 may calculate a "shaft axis rotation
angle .theta..sub.top at top" which will be described later as the
index.
[0098] The swing analysis portion 215 may calculate an index based
on a deceleration amount of the grip of the golf club 3 during the
downswing as an index of the swing. For example, the swing analysis
portion 215 may calculate a "grip deceleration ratio R.sub.v" which
will be described later as the index.
[0099] The swing analysis portion 215 may calculate an index based
on a deceleration period of the grip of the golf club 3 during the
downswing as an index of the swing. For example, the swing analysis
portion 215 may calculate a "grip deceleration time ratio R.sub.T"
which will be described later as the index.
[0100] However, the swing analysis portion 215 may not calculate
values of some of the indexes, and may calculate values of other
indexes, as appropriate.
[0101] The image data generation portion 216 performs a process of
generating image data corresponding to an image displayed on the
display section 25. For example, the image data generation portion
216 generates image data corresponding to various screens on the
basis of various pieces of information received by the data
acquisition portion 210.
[0102] The storage processing portion 217 performs a process of
receiving time information and measured data from the data
acquisition portion 210 and storing the time information and the
measured data in the storage section 24 in correlation with each
other. The storage processing portion 217 performs read/write
processes of various programs or various data for the storage
section 24. The storage processing portion 217 performs not only
the process of storing the time information and the measured data
received from the data acquisition portion 210 in the storage
section 24 in correlation with each other, but also a process of
storing determination result information or the like generated by
the swing analysis portion 215, in the storage section 24.
[0103] The display processing portion 218 performs a process of
displaying various images (including text, symbols, and the like in
addition to an image corresponding to the image data generated by
the image data generation portion 216) on the display section 25.
For example, the display processing portion 218 displays the first
data group related to a plurality of indexes indicating analysis
data regarding the present swing, and the second data group related
to a plurality of indexes based on second motion analysis data
indicating analysis data regarding a swing corresponding to, for
example, one rotation, comparatively displayed, in a list form in
correlation with each other for each index, after a swing action of
the user 2 is completed.
[0104] Regarding the indexes displayed in a list form, all display
target indexes are preferably disposed to be displayed on a single
screen. In the above-described way, since all of display targets
are disposed in a list form, all analysis data items can be
visually recognized in a single screen without switching (shifting)
between screens, and thus it is possible to efficiently analyze a
motion.
[0105] The display processing portion 218 processes the present
swing analysis data and the previous swing analysis data 248 stored
in the storage section 24, and displays and arranges the first data
group and the second data group for respective corresponding
indexes. Specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 14, for example, in
the index 46 of "rotation/top", the first data 45 indicating
analysis data regarding the present swing and the second data 45a
indicating analysis data regarding a swing corresponding to, for
example, one rotation, comparatively displayed, are displayed to be
arranged vertically.
[0106] In the above-described example, two data items such as the
first data 45 regarding the present swing, and the second data 45a
indicating analysis data regarding a swing corresponding to one
rotation, comparatively displayed, are compared with each other,
but, the number of data items comparatively displayed is not
limited, and two or more data items may be displayed to overlap
each other.
[0107] The display processing portion 218 may display an indicated
index in detail among the indexes 38 (refer to FIG. 14) displayed
in a list form. Detailed information displayed at this time may be
displayed on another screen to which an initial screen is switched
(shifted), and may be displayed on the same screen in an
overlapping manner. The display processing portion 218 may display
a swing trajectory (swing trajectory image) 30 (refer to FIGS. 15
and 17) on the display section 25. As mentioned above, since
detailed information of an index designated by the user 2 is
displayed, more efficient display can be performed, and thus swing
analysis efficiency can be increased.
[0108] As mentioned above, the display processing portion 218
displays an image corresponding to image data generated by the
image data generation portion 216, or text or the like indicating a
determination result in the swing analysis portion 215, on the
display section 25 automatically or according to an index selected
through an input operation performed by the user 2. Alternatively,
a display section (not illustrated) may be provided in the sensor
unit 10, or another display apparatus (not illustrated) may be
provided, and the display processing portion 218 may transmit image
data to the sensor unit 10 or another display apparatus via the
communication section 22, so that various images, text, or the like
is displayed on the display section of the sensor unit 10 or
another display apparatus.
[0109] The sound output processing portion 219 performs a process
of outputting various sounds (including voices based on voice data,
buzzer sounds, and the like) from the sound output section 26. When
a predetermined input operation is performed, the sound output
processing portion 219 may read various pieces of information
stored in the storage section 24, and may cause the sound output
section 26 to output a sound or a voice for swing analysis.
Alternatively, the sound output section 26 may be provided in the
sensor unit 10, and the sound output processing portion 219 may
transmit various items of sound data or voice data to the sensor
unit 10 via the communication section 22, and may output various
sounds or voices from the sound output section of the sensor unit
10.
[0110] Second indexes related to a second motion, stored in the
storage section 24 as the swing analysis data 248 regarding another
swing which was previously performed, may be used as swing analysis
data of a user who is different from the user 2 performing the
present swing. As mentioned above, since the second indexes are
used as the swing analysis data of a user who is different from the
user 2, it is possible to compare first indexes as results of the
present swing performed by the user 2 with analysis data regarding
motion performed by another person, and thus to perform more
objective evaluation.
1-3. Calculation of Position, Attitude, and the Like of Constituent
Element, and Detection of Each Timing of Swing Action
[0111] Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 5 to 12, a description
will be made of specific methods of detecting a position and an
attitude of a constituent element (for example, the sensor unit
10), detecting each timing of a swing action, calculating the shaft
plane and the Hogan plane, calculating a face angle and a club path
(incidence angle), and calculating a shaft axis rotation angle.
Calculation of Position and Attitude of Sensor Unit 10
[0112] If the user 2 performs an action (a standing still action at
address) in step S103 (refer to FIG. 13) which will be described
later, first, the swing analysis portion 215 determines that the
user 2 stands still at an address attitude in a case where an
amount of changes in acceleration data measured by the acceleration
sensor 12 does not continuously exceed a threshold value for a
predetermined period of time. Next, the swing analysis portion 215
computes an offset amount included in the measured data by using
the measured data (acceleration data and angular velocity data) for
the predetermined period of time. Next, the swing analysis portion
215 subtracts the offset amount from the measured data so as to
perform bias correction, and computes a position and an attitude of
the sensor unit 10 during a swing action of the user 2 (step S106
in FIG. 13) by using the bias-corrected measured data.
[0113] Specifically, first, the swing analysis portion 215 computes
a position (initial position) of the sensor unit 10 during standing
still (at address) of the user 2 in the XYZ coordinate system
(global coordinate system) by using the acceleration data measured
by the acceleration sensor 12, the golf club information 242, and
the sensor attachment position information 246.
[0114] FIG. 5 is a plan view in which the golf club 3 and the
sensor unit 10 during standing still (at address) of the user 2 are
viewed from a negative side of an X axis. The origin O (0,0,0) is
set at a position 61 of the head 3a of the golf club 3, and
coordinates of a position 62 of a grip end are (0, G.sub.Y,
G.sub.Z). Since the user 2 performs the standing still action at
address (step S103 in FIG. 13), the position 62 of the grip end or
the initial position of the sensor unit 10 has an X coordinate of
0, and is present on a YZ plane. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the
gravitational acceleration of 1G is applied to the sensor unit 10
during standing still of the user 2, and thus a relationship
between a y axis acceleration y(0) measured by the sensor unit 10
and an inclined angle (an angle formed between the longitudinal
direction of the shaft and the horizontal plane (XY plane)) .alpha.
of the shaft of the golf club 3 is expressed by Equation (1).
y(0)=1Gsin .alpha. (1)
[0115] Therefore, the swing analysis portion 215 can calculate the
inclined angle .alpha. according to Equation (1) by using any
acceleration data between any time points at address (during
standing still).
[0116] Next, the swing analysis portion 215 subtracts a distance
between the sensor unit 10 and the position 62 of the grip end
included in the sensor attachment position information 246 from a
length L.sub.1 of the shaft included in the golf club information
242, so as to obtain a distance L.sub.SH between the sensor unit 10
and the head 3a. The swing analysis portion 215 sets, as the
initial position of the sensor unit 10, a position separated by the
distance L.sub.SH from the position 61 (origin O) of the head 3a in
a direction (a negative direction of the y axis of the sensor unit
10) specified by the inclined angle .alpha. of the shaft.
[0117] The swing analysis portion 215 integrates subsequent
acceleration data so as to compute coordinates of a position from
the initial position of the sensor unit 10 in a time series.
[0118] The swing analysis portion 215 computes an attitude (initial
attitude) of the sensor unit 10 during standing still (at address)
of the user 2 in the XYZ coordinate system (global coordinate
system) by using acceleration data measured by the acceleration
sensor 12. Since the user 2 performs the standing still action at
address (step S103 in FIG. 13), the x axis of the sensor unit 10
matches the X axis of the XYZ coordinate system in terms of
direction at address (during standing still) of the user 2, and the
y axis of the sensor unit 10 is present on the YZ plane. Therefore,
the swing analysis portion 215 can specify the initial attitude of
the sensor unit 10 on the basis of the inclined angle .alpha. of
the shaft of the golf club 3.
[0119] The swing analysis portion 215 computes changes in attitudes
from the initial attitude of the sensor unit 10 by performing
rotation calculation using angular velocity data which is
subsequently measured by the angular velocity sensor 14. An
attitude of the sensor unit 10 may be expressed by, for example,
rotation angles (a roll angle, a pitch angle, and a yaw angle)
about the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis, or a quaternion.
[0120] The signal processing section 16 of the sensor unit 10 may
compute an offset amount of measured data so as to perform bias
correction on the measured data, and the acceleration sensor 12 and
the angular velocity sensor 14 may have a bias correction function.
In this case, it is not necessary for the swing analysis portion
215 to perform bias correction on the measured data.
Detection of Swing Starting, Top and Impact Timings
[0121] First, the swing analysis portion 215 detects a timing
(impact timing) at which the user 2 hit a ball by using measured
data. For example, the swing analysis portion 215 may compute a
combined value of measured data (acceleration data or angular
velocity data), and may detect an impact timing (time point) on the
basis of the combined value.
[0122] Specifically, first, the swing analysis portion 215 computes
a combined value n.sub.0(t) of angular velocities at each time
point t by using the angular velocity data (bias-corrected angular
velocity data for each time point t). For example, if the angular
velocity data items at the time point t are respectively indicated
by x(t), y(t), and z(t), the swing analysis portion 215 computes
the combined value n.sub.0(t) of the angular velocities according
to the following Equation (2).
n.sub.0(t)= {square root over (x(t).sup.2+y(t).sup.2+z(t).sup.2)}
(2)
[0123] Next, the swing analysis portion 215 converts the combined
value n.sub.0(t) of the angular velocities at each time point t
into a combined value n(t) which is normalized (scale-conversion)
within a predetermined range. For example, if the maximum value of
the combined value of the angular velocities in an acquisition
period of measured data is max (n.sub.0), the swing analysis
portion 215 converts the combined value n.sub.0 (t) of the angular
velocities into the combined value n(t) which is normalized within
a range of 0 to 100 according to the following Equation (3).
n ( t ) = 100 n 0 ( t ) max ( n 0 ) ( 3 ) ##EQU00001##
[0124] Next, the swing analysis portion 215 computes a derivative
dn(t) of the normalized combined value n(t) at each time point t.
For example, if a cycle for measuring three-axis angular velocity
data items is indicated by .DELTA.t, the swing analysis portion 215
computes the derivative (difference) dn(t) of the combined value of
the angular velocities at the time point t by using the following
Equation (4).
dn(t)=n(t)-n(t-.DELTA.t) (4)
[0125] FIG. 6 illustrates examples of three-axis angular velocity
data items x(t), y(t) and z (t) obtained when the user 2 hits the
golf ball 4 by performing a swing. In FIG. 6, a transverse axis
expresses time (msec), and a longitudinal axis expresses angular
velocity (dps).
[0126] FIG. 7 is a diagram in which the combined value n.sub.0 (t)
of the three-axis angular velocities is computed according to
Equation (2) by using the three-axis angular velocity data items
x(t), y(t) and z(t) in FIG. 6, and then the combined value n(t)
normalized to 0 to 100 according to Equation (3) is displayed in a
graph. In FIG. 7, a transverse axis expresses time (msec), and a
longitudinal axis expresses a norm of the angular velocity.
[0127] FIG. 8 is a diagram in which the derivative dn(t) is
calculated according to Equation (4) on the basis of the combined
value n(t) of the three-axis angular velocities in FIG. 7, and is
displayed in a graph. In FIG. 8, a transverse axis expresses time
(msec), and a longitudinal axis expresses a derivative value of the
combined value of the three-axis angular velocities. In FIGS. 6 and
7, the transverse axis is displayed at 0 seconds to 5 seconds, but,
in FIG. 8, the transverse axis is displayed at 2 seconds to 2.8
seconds so that changes in the derivative value before and after
impact can be understood.
[0128] Next, of time points at which a value of the derivative do
(t) of the combined value becomes the maximum and the minimum, the
swing analysis portion 215 specifies the earlier time point as an
impact time point t.sub.impact (impact timing) (refer to FIG. 8).
It is considered that swing speed is the maximum at the moment of
impact in a typical golf swing. In addition, since it is considered
that a value of the combined value of the angular velocities also
changes according to a swing speed, the swing analysis portion 215
can capture a timing at which a derivative value of the combined
value of the angular velocities is the maximum or the minimum (that
is, a timing at which the derivative value of the combined value of
the angular velocities is a positive maximum value or a negative
minimum value) in a series of swing actions as the impact timing.
Since the golf club 3 vibrates due to the impact, a timing at which
a derivative value of the combined value of the angular velocities
is the maximum and a timing at which a derivative value of the
combined value of the angular velocities is the minimum may occur
in pairs, and, of the two timings, the earlier timing may be the
moment of the impact.
[0129] Next, the swing analysis portion 215 specifies a time point
of a minimum point at which the combined value n(t) is close to 0
before the impact time point t.sub.impact as a top time point
t.sub.top (top timing) (refer to FIG. 7). It is considered that, in
a typical golf swing, an action temporarily stops at the top after
starting the swing, then a swing speed increases, and finally
impact occurs. Therefore, the swing analysis portion 215 can
capture a timing at which the combined value of the angular
velocities is close to 0 and becomes the minimum before the impact
timing, as the top timing.
[0130] Next, the swing analysis portion 215 sets an interval in
which the combined value n(t) is equal to or smaller than a
predetermined threshold value before and after the top time point
t.sub.top, as a top interval, and detects a last time point at
which the combined value n(t) is equal to or smaller than the
predetermined threshold value before a starting time point of the
top interval, as a swing starting (backswing starting) time point
t.sub.start (refer to FIG. 7). It is hardly considered that, in a
typical golf swing, a swing action is started from a standing still
state, and the swing action is stopped till the top. Therefore, the
swing analysis portion 215 can capture the last timing at which the
combined value of the angular velocities is equal to or smaller
than the predetermined threshold value before the top interval as a
timing of starting the swing action. The swing analysis portion 215
may detect a time point of the minimum point at which the combined
value n(t) is close to 0 before the top time point t.sub.top as the
swing starting time point t.sub.start.
[0131] The swing analysis portion 215 may also detect each of a
swing starting timing, a top timing, and an impact timing by using
three-axis acceleration data in the same manner.
Calculation of Shaft Plane and Hogan Plane
[0132] The shaft plane SP is a first virtual plane specified by a
target line (target hit ball direction) and the longitudinal
direction of the shaft of the golf club 3 at address (standing
still state) of the user 2 before starting a swing. The Hogan plane
HP is a second virtual plane specified by a virtual line connecting
the vicinity of the shoulder (the shoulder or the base of the neck)
of the user 2 to the head 3a of the golf club (or the golf ball 4),
and the target line (target hit ball direction), at address of the
user 2.
[0133] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the shaft plane and the
Hogan plane. FIG. 9 displays the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis
of the XYZ coordinate system (global coordinate system).
[0134] As illustrated in FIG. 9, in the present embodiment, a
virtual plane which includes a first line segment 51 as a first
axis along a target hit ball direction and a second line segment 52
as a second axis along the longitudinal direction of the shaft of
the golf club 3, and has four vertices such as U1, U2, S1, and S2,
as the shaft plane SP (first virtual plane). In the present
embodiment, the position 61 of the head 3a of the golf club 3 at
address is set as the origin O (0,0,0) of the XYZ coordinate
system, and the second line segment 52 is a line segment connecting
the position 61 (origin O) of the head 3a of the golf club 3 to the
position 62 of the grip end. The first line segment 51 is a line
segment having a length UL in which U1 and U2 on the X axis are
both ends, and the origin O is a midpoint. Since the user 2
performs the standing still action at address (step S103 in FIG.
13), and thus the shaft of the golf club 3 is perpendicular to the
target line (X axis), the first line segment 51 is a line segment
orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the shaft of the golf
club 3, that is, the second line segment 52. The swing analysis
portion 215 calculates coordinates of the four vertices U1, U2, S1,
and S2 of the shaft plane SP in the XYZ coordinate system.
[0135] Specifically, first, the swing analysis portion 215 computes
coordinates (0, G.sub.Y, G.sub.Z) of the position 62 of the grip
end of the golf club 3 by using the inclined angle .alpha. and the
length L.sub.1 of the shaft included in the golf club information
242. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the swing analysis portion 215 may
compute G.sub.Y and G.sub.Z by using the length L.sub.1 of the
shaft and the inclined angle .alpha. according to Equations (5) and
(6).
G.sub.Y=L.sub.1cos .alpha. (5)
G.sub.Z=L.sub.1sin .alpha. (6)
[0136] Next, the swing analysis portion 215 multiplies the
coordinates (0,G.sub.Y,G.sub.Z) of the position 62 of the grip end
of the golf club 3 by a scale factor S so as to compute coordinates
(0,S.sub.Y,S.sub.Z) of a midpoint S3 of the vertex S1 and the
vertex S2 of the shaft plane SP. In other words, the swing analysis
portion 215 computes S.sub.Y and S.sub.Z according to Equations (7)
and (8), respectively.
S.sub.Y=G.sub.YS (7)
S.sub.Z=G.sub.ZS (8)
[0137] FIG. 10 is a view in which a sectional view of the shaft
plane SP in FIG. 9 which is cut in the YZ plane is viewed from the
negative side of the X axis. As illustrated in FIG. 10, a length (a
width of the shaft plane SP in a direction orthogonal to the X
axis) of a line segment connecting the midpoint S3 of the vertex S1
(refer to FIG. 9) and the vertex S2 (refer to FIG. 9) to the origin
O is S times the length L.sub.1 of the second line segment 52. The
scale factor S is set to a value at which a trajectory of the golf
club 3 during a swing action of the user 2 enters the shaft plane
SP. For example, if a length of the arms of the user 2 is indicated
by L.sub.2 (refer to FIG. 11), the scale factor S may be set as in
Equation (9) so that the width S.times.L.sub.1 of the shaft plane
SP in the direction orthogonal to the X axis is twice the sum of
the length L.sub.1 of the shaft and the length L.sub.2 of the
arms.
S = 2 ( L 1 + L 2 ) L 1 ( 9 ) ##EQU00002##
[0138] The length L.sub.2 of the arms of the user 2 is associated
with a height L.sub.0 (not illustrated) of the user 2. The length
L.sub.2 of the arms is expressed by a correlation expression such
as Equation (10) in a case where the user 2 is a male, and is
expressed by a correlation expression such as Equation (11) in a
case where the user 2 is a female, on the basis of statistical
information.
L.sub.2=0.41.times.L.sub.0-45.5[mm] (10)
L.sub.2=0.46.times.L.sub.0-126.9[mm] (11)
[0139] Therefore, the swing analysis portion 215 may calculate the
length L.sub.2 of the arms of the user according to Equation (10)
or Equation (11) by using the height L.sub.0 and the sex of the
user 2 included in the physical information 244.
[0140] Next, the swing analysis portion 215 computes coordinates
(-UL/2,0,0) of the vertex U1 of the shaft plane SP, coordinates
(UL/2,0,0) of a vertex U2, coordinates (-UL/2,S.sub.Y,S.sub.Z) of
the vertex S1, and coordinates (UL/2,S.sub.Y,S.sub.Z) of the vertex
S2 by using the coordinates (0,S.sub.Y,S.sub.Z) of the midpoint S3
and a width (the length of the first line segment 51) UL of the
shaft plane SP in the X axis direction. The width UL in the X axis
direction is set to a value at which a trajectory of the golf club
3 during a swing action of the user 2 enters the shaft plane SP.
For example, the width UL in the X axis direction may be set to be
same as the width S.times.L.sub.1 in the direction orthogonal to
the X axis, that is, twice the sum of the length L.sub.1 of the
shaft and the length L.sub.2 of the arms.
[0141] In the above-described manner, the swing analysis portion
215 can calculate the coordinates of the four vertices U1, U2, S1,
and S2 of the shaft plane SP.
[0142] As illustrated in FIG. 9, in the present embodiment, a
virtual plane which includes a first line segment 51 and a third
line segment 53, and has four vertices such as U1, U2, H1, and H2,
is used as the Hogan plane HP (second virtual plane). The third
line segment 53 is a line segment connecting a predetermined
position 63 in the vicinity of a line segment connecting both of
the shoulders of the user 2, to the position 61 of the head 3a of
the golf club 3. However, the third line segment 53 may be a line
segment connecting the predetermined position 63 to a position of
the golf ball 4. The swing analysis portion 215 calculates
respective coordinates of the four vertices U1, U2, H1, and H2 of
the Hogan plane HP in the XYZ coordinate system.
[0143] Specifically, first, the swing analysis portion 215
estimates the predetermined position 63 by using the coordinates
(0,G.sub.Y,G.sub.Z) of the position 62 of the grip end of the golf
club 3 at address (during standing still), and the length L.sub.2
of the arms of the user 2 based on the physical information 244,
and computes coordinates (A.sub.X,A.sub.Y,A.sub.Z) thereof.
[0144] FIG. 11 is a view in which a sectional view of the Hogan
plane HP illustrated in FIG. 9 which is cut in the YZ plane is
viewed from the negative side of the X axis. In FIG. 11, a midpoint
of the line segment connecting both of the shoulders of the user 2
is the predetermined position 63, and the predetermined position 63
is present on the YZ plane. Therefore, an X coordinate A.sub.X of
the predetermined position 63 is 0. As illustrated in FIG. 11, the
swing analysis portion 215 estimates, as the predetermined position
63, a position obtained by moving the position 62 of the grip end
of the golf club 3 by the length L.sub.2 of the arms of the user 2
in a positive direction along the Z axis. Therefore, the swing
analysis portion 215 sets a Y coordinate A.sub.Y of the
predetermined position 63 to be the same as the Y coordinate
G.sub.Y of the position 62 of the grip end. The swing analysis
portion 215 computes a Z coordinate A.sub.Z of the predetermined
position 63 as a sum of the Z coordinate G.sub.Z of the position 62
of the grip end and the length L.sub.2 of the arms of the user 2 as
in Equation (12).
A.sub.Z=G.sub.Z+L.sub.2 (12)
[0145] Next, the swing analysis portion 215 multiplies the Y
coordinate A.sub.Y and the Z coordinate A.sub.Z of the
predetermined position 63 by a scale factor H, so as to compute
coordinates (0,H.sub.Y,H.sub.Z) of a midpoint H3 of the vertex H1
and the vertex H2 of the Hogan plane HP. In other words, the swing
analysis portion 215 computes H.sub.Y and H.sub.Z according to
Equation (13) and Equation (14), respectively.
H.sub.Y=A.sub.YH (13)
H.sub.Z=A.sub.ZH (14)
[0146] As illustrated in FIG. 11, a length (a width of the Hogan
plane HP in a direction orthogonal to the X axis) of a line segment
connecting the midpoint H3 of the vertex H1 (refer to FIG. 9) and
the vertex H2 (refer to FIG. 9) to the origin O is H times the
length L.sub.3 of the third line segment 53. The scale factor H is
set to a value at which a trajectory of the golf club 3 during a
swing action of the user 2 enters the Hogan plane HP. For example,
the Hogan plane HP may have the same shape and size as the shape
and the size of the shaft plane SP. In this case, the width
H.times.L.sub.3 of the Hogan plane HP in the direction orthogonal
to the X axis matches the width S.times.L.sub.1 of the shaft plane
SP in the direction orthogonal to the X axis, and is twice the sum
of the length L.sub.1 of the shaft of the golf club 3 and the
length L.sub.2 of the arms of the user 2. Therefore, the swing
analysis portion 215 may compute the scale factor H according to
Equation (15).
H = 2 ( L 1 + L 2 ) L 3 ( 15 ) ##EQU00003##
[0147] The swing analysis portion 215 may compute the length
L.sub.3 of the third line segment 53 according to Equation (13) by
using the Y coordinate A.sub.Y and the Z coordinate A.sub.Z of the
predetermined position 63.
[0148] Next, the swing analysis portion 215 computes coordinates
(-UL/2,H.sub.Y,H.sub.Z) of the vertex H1 of the Hogan plane HP, and
coordinates (UL/2, Hy, H.sub.Z) of the vertex H2 by using the
coordinates (0,H.sub.Y,H.sub.Z) of the midpoint H3 and a width (the
length of the first line segment 51) UL of the Hogan plane HP in
the X axis direction. The two vertices U1 and U2 of the Hogan plane
HP are the same as those of the shaft plane SP, and thus the swing
analysis portion 215 does not need to compute coordinates of the
vertices U1 and U2 of the Hogan plane HP again.
[0149] In the above-described manner, the swing analysis portion
215 can calculate the coordinates of the four vertices U1, U2, H1,
and H2 of the Hogan plane HP.
[0150] A region interposed between the shaft plane SP (first
virtual plane) and the Hogan plane HP (second virtual plane) is
referred to as a "V zone", and a trajectory of a hit ball (a ball
line) may be estimated to some extent on the basis of a
relationship between a position of the head 3a of the golf club 3
and the V zone during a backswing or a downswing. For example, in a
case where the head 3a of the golf club 3 is present in a space
lower than the V zone at a predetermined timing during a backswing
or a downswing, a hit ball is likely to fly in a hook direction. In
a case where the head 3a of the golf club 3 is present in a space
higher than the V zone at a predetermined timing during a backswing
or a downswing, a hit ball is likely to fly in a slice direction.
In the present embodiment, as is clear from FIG. 11, a first angle
.beta. formed between the shaft plane SP and the Hogan plane HP is
determined depending on the length L.sub.1 of the shaft of the golf
club 3 and the length L.sub.2 of the arms of the user 2. In other
words, since the first angle .beta. is not a fixed value, and is
determined depending on the type of golf club 3 or physical
features of the user 2, the more appropriate shaft plane SP and
Hogan plane HP (V zone) are calculated as an index for diagnosing a
swing of the user 2.
Calculation of Face Angle and Club Path (Incidence Angle)
[0151] The face angle is an index based on an inclination of the
head 3a of the golf club 3 at impact, and the club path (incidence
angle) is an index based on a trajectory of the head 3a of the golf
club 3 at impact.
[0152] FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the face angle and the
club path (incidence angle). FIG. 12 illustrates the golf club 3
(only the head 3a is illustrated) on the XY plane viewed from a
positive side of the Z axis in the XYZ coordinate system. FIG. 12
exemplifies, in relation to the golf club 3, a face surface
(hitting surface) 74, a ball hitting point 75, a target line 70
indicating a target hit ball direction, a plane 71 orthogonal to
the target line 70, a curve 76 indicating a trajectory of the head
3a of the golf club 3, and a tangential line 72 at the ball hitting
point 75 for the curve 76. In FIG. 12, the face angle .phi. is an
angle formed between the plane 71 and the face surface 74, that is,
an angle formed between a straight line 73 orthogonal to the face
surface 74, and the target line 70. The club path (incidence angle)
.psi. is an angle formed between the tangential line 72 (a
direction in which the head 3a in the XY plane passes through the
ball hitting point 75) and the target line 70.
[0153] For example, assuming that an angle formed between the face
surface 74 of the head 3a and the x axis direction (refer to FIG.
2) is normally constant (for example, orthogonal), the swing
analysis portion 215 computes a direction of a straight line
orthogonal to the face surface 74 on the basis of the attitude of
the sensor unit 10 at the impact time point t.sub.impact. The swing
analysis portion 215 uses, a straight line obtained by setting a Z
axis component of the direction of the straight line to 0, as a
direction of the straight line 73, and computes an angle (face
angle) .phi. formed between the straight line 73 and the target
line 70.
[0154] For example, the swing analysis portion 215 uses a direction
of a speed (that is, a speed of the head 3a in the XY plane)
obtained by setting a Z axis component of a speed of the head 3a at
the impact time point t.sub.impact to 0, as a direction of the
tangential line 72, and computes an angle (club path (incidence
angle)) .psi. formed between the tangential line 72 and the target
line 70.
[0155] The face angle .phi. indicates an inclination of the face
surface 74 with the target line 70 whose direction is fixed
regardless of an incidence direction of the head 3a to the ball
hitting point 75 as a reference, and is thus also referred to as an
absolute face angle. In contrast, an angle .eta. formed between the
straight line 73 and the tangential line 72 indicates an
inclination of the face surface 74 with an incidence direction of
the head 3a to the ball hitting point 75 as a reference, and is
thus referred to as a relative face angle. The relative face angle
.eta. is an angle obtained by subtracting the club path (incidence
angle) .psi. from the (absolute) face angle .phi..
Calculation of Shaft Axis Rotation Angle at Top
[0156] The shaft axis rotation angle .theta..sub.top at top (not
illustrated) is an angle (relative rotation angle) by which the
golf club 3 is rotated about a shaft axis from a reference timing
to a top timing. The reference timing is, for example, the time of
starting a backswing, or the time of address. In the present
embodiment, in a case where the user 2 is a right-handed golfer, a
right-handed screw tightening direction toward the tip end on the
head 3a side of the golf club 3 (a clockwise direction when the
head 3a is viewed from the grip end side) is a positive direction
of the shaft axis rotation angle .theta..sub.top. Conversely, in a
case where the user 2 is a left-handed golfer, a left-handed screw
tightening direction toward the tip end on the head 3a side of the
golf club 3 (a counterclockwise direction when the head 3a is
viewed from the grip end side) is a positive direction of the shaft
axis rotation angle .theta..sub.top.
[0157] In the present embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the y
axis of the sensor unit 10 substantially matches the longitudinal
direction of the shaft of the golf club 3 (the longitudinal
direction of the golf club 3). Therefore, for example, the swing
analysis portion 215 time-integrates a y axis angular velocity
included in angular velocity data from the swing starting
(backswing starting) time point t.sub.start or the time of address
to the top time point t.sub.rop (at top), so as to compute the
shaft axis rotation angle .theta..sub.top.
1-4. Diagnosis Process in Swing Analysis
[0158] In the present embodiment, as an example of a diagnosis
technique in swing analysis, a technique is employed in which it is
determined in which region a position of the head 3a at halfway
back and halfway down is included among a plurality of regions (not
illustrated) determined by using the shaft plane SP and the Hogan
plane HP (V zone) calculated by the swing analysis portion 215.
[0159] The swing diagnosis portion 211 determines in which region a
position of the head 3a at halfway back and halfway down is
included among a plurality of regions determined on the basis of
the shaft plane SP and the Hogan plane HP (V zone). The swing
diagnosis portion 211 performs a determination by referring to
preset information such as "a region in which a position of the
head 3a is included at halfway back" and "a region in which a
position of the head 3a is included at halfway down" included in
the data regarding the swing.
[0160] The swing diagnosis portion 211 may calculate a lower score
as a hit ball predicted on the basis of a relationship among the
shaft plane SP, the Hogan plane HP, a position of the head 3a at
halfway back, and a position of the head 3a at halfway down becomes
more easily curved. The term "easily curved" may indicate that a
trajectory after ball hitting is easily curved (easily sliced or
hooked), and may indicate that a hit ball direction is easily
deviated relative to a target direction (target line).
Alternatively, the swing diagnosis portion 211 may calculate a
higher score as a hit ball more easily flies straight. The term
"easily flies straight" may indicate that a trajectory after ball
hitting is hardly curved (easily straightened), and may indicate
that a hit ball direction is hardly deviated relative to a target
direction (target line).
[0161] For example, in a case where a position of the head 3a at
halfway back is included in a region deviated relative to the V
zone, it is expected that a hit ball is easily curved, and thus the
swing diagnosis portion 211 calculates a relatively low score. For
example, in a case where a position of the head 3a at halfway back
and a position of the head 3a at halfway down are all included in
the V zone, it is expected that a hit ball easily flies straight,
and thus the swing diagnosis portion 211 calculates a relatively
high score.
[0162] The swing diagnosis portion 211 may evaluate a "rotation"
item depending on in which range among a plurality of ranges (not
illustrated) each of the shaft axis rotation angle .theta..sub.top
at top and the face angle .phi. is included. Specifically, first,
the swing diagnosis portion 211 determines in which range each of
the shaft axis rotation angle .theta..sub.top at top (not
illustrated) and the face angle .phi. (refer to FIG. 12) included
in data (target diagnosis input data) regarding a swing is
included. The swing diagnosis portion 211 calculates a score
corresponding to a determination result by referring to a rotation
score table (not illustrated).
[0163] The swing diagnosis portion 211 may calculate a lower score
as a hit ball predicted on the basis of a relationship between the
shaft axis rotation angle .theta..sub.top at top and the face angle
.phi. becomes more easily curved. For example, since the face
surface (hitting surface) 74 (refer to FIG. 12) of the golf club 3
is considerably open in a state where the shaft axis rotation angle
.theta..sub.top at top is extremely large, it is expected that the
face surface is not completely returned to a square at impact, and
thus a hit ball is easily curved. A state in which the face angle
.phi. is extremely large is a state in which the face surface at
impact is considerably open, and a state in which the face angle
.phi. is extremely small (a negative state in which an absolute
value thereof is great) is a state in which the face surface at
impact is considerably closed. In either state, it is expected that
a hit ball is easily curved. In these cases, the swing diagnosis
portion 211 calculates a relatively low score.
[0164] For example, if the shaft axis rotation angle
.theta..sub.top at top is small, it is expected that the face
surface is completely returned to the square at impact, and thus a
hit ball easily flies straight. If the face angle .phi. is close to
0.degree., the face surface at impact is close to the square, and
thus it is expected that a hit ball easily flies straight. In these
cases, the swing diagnosis portion 211 calculates a relatively high
score.
[0165] According to the above-described swing analysis system 1, a
swing of the user (subject) 2 is measured by inertial sensors (the
acceleration sensor 12 and the angular velocity sensor 14) of the
sensor unit 10. The swing of the user (subject) 2 is analyzed by
the motion analysis display apparatus 20 as a swing analysis
apparatus on the basis of output measurement results, and thus an
image indicating analysis information or a swing trajectory is
displayed on the display section 25 of the motion analysis display
apparatus 20 as a swing analysis apparatus. As mentioned above, it
is not necessary to use a large-sized imaging apparatus or the
like, and thus it becomes easier for the user 2 to perform swing
analysis.
[0166] According to the motion analysis display apparatus 20 as a
swing analysis apparatus, a plurality of first indexes (first data
45; refer to FIG. 14) based on analysis data regarding a first
motion and a plurality of second indexes (second data 45a; refer to
FIG. 14) based on analysis data regarding a second motion,
calculated by the processing section 21, are displayed on the
display section 25 in a list form, and are displayed to be arranged
for respective corresponding indexes, and thus it is possible to
visually recognize at least two swing analysis data items while
comparing the swing analysis data items with each other.
Consequently, a user can easily perform objective evaluation while
comparing different swing analysis data items with each other.
Since it is not necessary for a user to perform an operation of
tapping a screen several times in order to compare analysis data
items with each other, complexity is reduced, and thus it is
possible to improve convenience.
1-5. Operation Procedures of Swing Analysis (Motion Analysis)
System
[0167] Next, with reference to FIG. 13, a description will be made
of operation procedures (analysis result display method) of the
swing analysis (motion analysis) system 1, and swing actions of the
user 2. The user (subject) 2 performs a series of swing actions for
hitting the golf ball 4 according to predefined procedures. FIG. 13
is a flowchart illustrating swing actions of the user 2, and swing
analysis procedures performed by the swing analysis (motion
analysis) system 1.
[0168] In the following description of the procedures, the
reference numerals used for the constituent elements of the swing
analysis (motion analysis) system 1 are used. The following
operation procedures may be realized by the swing analysis system 1
causing a computer (motion analysis display apparatus 20) to
execute the swing analysis program (motion analysis program)
240.
[0169] As illustrated in FIG. 13, first, the user 2 performs an
input operation of the physical information 244 of the user 2,
information regarding the golf club 3 used by the user 2, a
plurality of indexes 38 related to swing analysis results displayed
on the display section 25 after analysis is finished, and the like
via the motion analysis display apparatus 20 (step S100). The
physical information 244 may include at least one of information
regarding a height, a length of the arms, and a length of the legs
of the user 2, and may further include information regarding sex or
other information. The golf club information 242 includes at least
one of information regarding a length (club length) of the golf
club 3 and the type (number) of golf club 3.
[0170] In step S100, the user 2 inputs physical information such as
a height, the sex, age, and country as the physical information
244, and inputs golf club information such as a club length, and a
club number as the golf club information 242. Information included
in the physical information 244 is not limited thereto, and, the
physical information may include, for example, at least one of
information regarding a length of the arms and a length of the legs
instead of or along with the height. Similarly, information
included in the golf club information 242 is not limited thereto,
and, for example, the golf club information may not include at
least one of information regarding the club length and the club
number, and may include other information.
[0171] In step S100, the user 2 selects a plurality of indexes 38
(first data 45 and second data 45a; refer to FIG. 14) which are
displayed in step S113 in order to display swing analysis results
for comparison, and inputs the indexes 38. Here, the indexes which
are selected and input are displayed in a list form on the display
section 25 in step S113.
[0172] Next, the user 2 performs a measurement starting operation
(an operation for starting measurement in the sensor unit 10) via
the motion analysis display apparatus 20 (step S101). If the user 2
performs the measurement starting operation in step S101, the
sensor unit 10 (the acceleration sensor 12 and the angular velocity
sensor 14 as inertial sensors) measures three-axis accelerations
and three-axis angular velocities in a predetermined cycle (for
example, 1 ms), and sequentially transmits the measured data to the
motion analysis display apparatus 20. Communication between the
sensor unit 10 and the motion analysis display apparatus 20 may be
wireless communication, and may be wired communication. This data
indicates a position or an attitude of the sensor unit 10, and
further indicates a position or an attitude of each portion of the
golf club 3.
[0173] Next, after receiving a notification (for example, a
notification using a voice) of giving an instruction for taking an
address attitude (a basic attitude before starting a swing) from
the motion analysis display apparatus 20 (Yes in step S102), the
user 2 takes an address attitude so that the axis in the
longitudinal direction of the shaft of the golf club 3 is
perpendicular to a target line (target hit ball direction), and
stands still for a predetermined period of time or more (step
S103). Here, the motion analysis display apparatus 20 generates
(acquires) attitude information of the hands 2a of the user 2
during standing still by using measured data output from the sensor
unit 10 (step S104). In a case where the notification (for example,
a notification using a voice) of giving an instruction for taking
an address attitude (a basic attitude before starting a swing) from
the motion analysis display apparatus 20 is not received (No in
step S102), the user 2 waits for the notification to be
received.
[0174] Next, the user 2 receives a notification (for example, a
notification using a voice) of permitting a swing from the motion
analysis display apparatus 20 (Yes in step S105), and then hits the
target golf ball 4 by performing a swing action (step S106). In a
case where there is no notification (for example, a notification
using a voice) of permitting a swing from the motion analysis
display apparatus 20 (No in step S105), the user 2 delays a swing
action until the notification of permitting a swing is
received.
[0175] Next, the motion analysis display apparatus 20 detects
respective timings (for example, timings of halfway back, natural
uncock, halfway down, and impact) in a series of swings on the
basis of the measured data from the sensor unit 10 measuring the
swing of the user 2 (step S107). This is described in detail in
calculation of a position and an attitude of a constituent element,
and detection of each timing of a swing action, described in the
above-described section 1-3.
[0176] Next, the motion analysis display apparatus 20 computes a
position of the head 3a of the golf club 3 (refer to FIG. 3) and a
direction of the face surface 74 (refer to FIG. 12) as a hitting
surface, at each of the detected timings, on the basis of the
measured data from the sensor unit 10 (step S108). The motion
analysis display apparatus 20 computes the shaft axis rotation
angle .theta..sub.top (not illustrated), the face angle .phi., and
the like of the golf club 3 (step S109).
[0177] Next, the swing analysis portion 215 of the motion analysis
display apparatus 20 generates (acquires) swing trajectory data
(swing trajectory information) on the basis of obtained positions
of a series of swings, attitudes, and operation data (step
S110).
[0178] Next, the swing diagnosis portion 211 of the motion analysis
display apparatus 20 performs a variety of analyses regarding the
series of swings (step S111). In the analysis here, a variety of
diagnoses described in the above section 1-4. Diagnosis process in
swing analysis are performed. Analysis (diagnosis) result
information (swing analysis information) is transmitted to the
image data generation portion 216, the display processing portion
218, or the storage section 24.
[0179] Next, the storage section 24 stores the swing trajectory
information generated in step S110, and information (swing analysis
information) regarding various results of the analysis (diagnosis)
related to a series of swings performed in step S111 or diagnosis
results, as the swing analysis data 248 (step S112).
[0180] Next, the motion analysis display apparatus 20 displays the
respective indexes in a list form on the display section 25 as
swing analysis data by using image information and displays
corresponding indexes for comparison, on the basis of the swing
trajectory information generated in step S110, various results of
the analysis related to a series of swings performed in step S111,
or the swing analysis data 248 stored in the storage section 24
(step S113). Specifically, as will be described in the next section
with reference to FIG. 14, the first data 45 of the first data
group related to a plurality of indexes indicating analysis data
regarding the present swing, and the second data 45a of the second
data group related to a plurality of indexes indicating analysis
data regarding a swing corresponding to, for example, one rotation,
comparatively displayed, are displayed to be arranged.
[0181] Consequently, a series of steps is finished.
[0182] Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 14 to 17, a description
will be made of specific display examples of information displayed
on the display section 25 in step S113. FIG. 14 is a diagram
illustrating a display example of swing analysis data. FIG. 15 is a
diagram illustrating a display example 1 of swing analysis data
displayed on another display screen to which an initial screen is
shifted. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a display example 2 of
swing analysis data displayed on still another display screen. FIG.
17 is a diagram illustrating a comparative display example in a
swing trajectory.
Display Examples
[0183] First, with reference to FIG. 14, a display example of
information displayed on the display section 25 will be described.
The motion analysis display apparatus 20 displays swing analysis
data at a timing at which a predetermined time elapses from
detection of finishing of the swing on the display section 25. As
illustrated in FIG. 14, a plurality of indexes 38 indicating
various analysis data items regarding a swing are disposed in a
matrix and are displayed in a list form on the display section 25.
The plurality of indexes 38 displayed here are indexes selected by
the user 2 in the above step S100. As the plurality of displayed
indexes 38, all analyzed indexes (analysis items) are preferably
displayed.
[0184] In a small window of each of the indexes 38, for example, as
shown in the index 46 of "rotation/top" displayed in a small window
of the index 39, the first data group related to a plurality of
indexes indicating analysis data regarding the present swing, and
the second data group related to a plurality of indexes indicating
analysis data regarding a swing corresponding to, for example, one
rotation, comparatively displayed, are displayed in a list form.
Data of the first data group and data of the second data group are
displayed so that corresponding data items are arranged for each of
the indexes 38. Specifically, the first data 45 indicating analysis
data regarding the present swing and the second data 45a indicating
analysis data regarding a swing corresponding to one rotation,
comparatively displayed, are displayed to be arranged vertically.
The second data 45a is displayed so that a character size is
slightly smaller than that of the first data 45. Such a character
size enables the first data 45 to be easily read. Also in the small
windows displaying the other indexes 38, similar comparative
display is performed.
[0185] In the above-described example, two data items such as the
first data 45 and the second data 45a indicating analysis data
regarding a swing corresponding to one rotation, comparatively
displayed, are compared with each other, but, the number of data
items comparatively displayed is not limited, and two or more data
items may be displayed to overlap each other.
[0186] Among the indexes 38 displayed on the display section 25,
the user 2 may designate an index whose detailed analysis data
(analysis information) is desired to be displayed. For example, if
the user 2 touches (screen touches) a small window displaying an
index whose detailed analysis data (analysis information) is
desired to be displayed, the screen may be switched (shifted) so
that the swing trajectory 30 as illustrated in FIG. 15 is
displayed, or a group related to rotation of the shaft axis as
illustrated in FIG. 16 is displayed.
[0187] Here, the swing trajectory 30 illustrated in FIG. 15 is
displayed as an image viewed from the rear side, that is, an image
viewed from an opposite side to the golf ball 4 side among front
views viewed from directions intersecting the hitting surface of
the golf ball 4 (refer to FIG. 1) of the head 3a (refer to FIG. 1)
of the golf club 3 (refer to FIG. 1). As a mark indicating this
viewing direction, a mark 36 is displayed. Regarding a display
direction, an image viewed from the golf ball 4 side may be
displayed.
[0188] Regarding the display of the swing trajectory 30 in this
example, the swing trajectory 30 is displayed to overlap a
plurality of objects 31 to 35 indicating positions of the golf club
at respective timings (time points) on the display section 25. In
FIG. 15, the object 31 indicates a timing of address (standing
still) or impact, the object 35 indicates a timing of halfway back,
the object 34 indicates a timing of a top, the object 33 indicates
a timing of natural uncock, and the object 32 indicates a timing of
halfway down. Here, the timing of natural uncock is a timing at
which the head 3a of the golf club 3 is moved to be accelerated by
decelerating the grip side of the golf club 3 during release of
cock in a downswing. A display window 37 showing other analysis
information may be displayed on a part of the display section 25 (a
lower right part in the screen in this example).
[0189] The swing trajectory 30 may be displayed as an image viewed
from the front side of the user 2, that is, an image viewed from
the golf ball 4 side among front views viewed from directions
intersecting the hitting surface of the golf ball 4 (refer to FIG.
1) of the head 3a (refer to FIG. 1) of the golf club 3 (refer to
FIG. 1). Regarding a display direction, an image viewed from an
opposite side (the rear side of the user 2) to the golf ball 4 side
may be displayed.
[0190] The graph related to rotation of the shaft axis illustrated
in FIG. 16 is a graph representing changes in the shaft rotation
axis during a backswing. In this example, the changes of the shaft
rotation axis are displayed to be restricted to an interval from
the time of standing still to the top timing as a desired timing
range. Consequently, since the rotation axis is displayed to be
narrowed to a more important interval from the time of standing
still to the top timing, it is possible to more easily perform a
determination and thus to increase practice efficiency.
[0191] The detailed analysis information (analysis information)
indicated by the user 2 and displayed includes attitude information
of the golf club 3, and may include, for example, a position of the
head 3a of the golf club 3, a direction of the face surface 74
(refer to FIG. 12) as a hitting surface of the head 3a, and the
shaft axis rotation angle .theta..sub.top (not illustrated) and the
face angle .phi. (refer to FIG. 12) of the golf club 3.
[0192] As illustrated in FIG. 17, regarding display of the swing
trajectory 30, the swing trajectory 30 may be displayed to overlap
a comparative target swing trajectory 30a. Through the display, it
is possible to objectively and accurately perform evaluation of a
swing trajectory.
[0193] The second data 45a related to the second motion may be used
as swing analysis data of another user who is different from the
user 2 performing the present swing. As mentioned above, since the
second data 45a is used as swing analysis data of another user, for
example, analysis data of motion performed by another person who
has to be a model can be compared with analysis data of a plurality
of indexes as results of the present swing performed by the user 2,
and thus it is possible to objectively and efficiently perform
evaluation.
[0194] According to the above-described swing analysis (motion
analysis) system 1, and operation procedures (analysis result
display method) regarding a swing action of the user 2, it is
possible to visually recognize at least two different swing
analysis data items (the first data 45 and the second data 45a)
while comparing the data items with each other, and thus to perform
objective evaluation while comparing the different swing analysis
data items with each other. Consequently, since it is not necessary
for the user 2 to perform an operation of tapping a screen several
times in order to compare analysis data items with each other,
complexity is reduced, and thus it is possible to improve
convenience. Analysis data such as the swing trajectory 30 is
generated on the basis of outputs from the acceleration sensor 12
and the angular velocity sensor 14 as inertial sensors forming the
sensor unit 10. Therefore, it is not necessary to use a large-sized
imaging apparatus or the like, and thus it becomes easier for the
user 2 to perform swing analysis.
[0195] Since an index desired to be displayed is set in advance by
the user 2 among swing analysis data items, swing analysis data
desired to be obtained by the user 2 can be efficiently displayed
without troubling the user 2 after a swing is performed, and thus
it is possible to further improve convenience.
[0196] Since all of display target indexes are disposed in a list
form and are displayed, all analysis data items can be visually
recognized on a single screen even without switching (shifting)
between screens, and thus it is possible to perform efficient
motion analysis.
[0197] Any one of indexes displayed in a list form is designated,
and, for example, switching to another display screen for
displaying detailed data or the like of the designated index can be
performed, and thus efficient display can be performed. Therefore,
it is possible to perform efficient motion analysis.
1-6. Other Configurations of Motion Analysis Display Apparatus Head
Mounted Display (HMD)
[0198] Next, with reference to FIG. 18, a description will be made
of an example of using a head mounted display (HMD) as the motion
analysis display apparatus 20. FIG. 18 is a perspective view
illustrating a head mounted display (HMD) as a motion analysis
display apparatus.
[0199] As illustrated in FIG. 18, a head mounted display (HMD) 500
includes a spectacle main body 501 mounted on the head of the user
2. The spectacle main body 501 is provided with a display section
502. The display section 502 integrates a light beam emitted from
an image display unit 503 with a light beam directed toward the
eyes of the user 2, and thus overlaps a virtual image on the image
display unit 503 with a real image of the external world viewed
from the user 2.
[0200] The display section 502 is provided with, for example, the
image display unit 503 such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), a
first beam splitter 504, a second beam splitter 505, a first
concave reflection mirror 506, a second concave reflection mirror
507, a shutter 508, and a convex lens 509.
[0201] The first beam splitter 504 is disposed on the front side of
the left eye of the user 2, and partially transmits and partially
reflects light emitted from the image display unit 503. The second
beam splitter 505 is disposed on the front side of the right eye of
the user 2, and partially transmits and partially reflects light
which is partially transmitted from the first beam splitter
504.
[0202] The first concave reflection mirror 506, which is disposed
in front of the first beam splitter 504, partially reflects the
partially reflected light from the first beam splitter 504 so as to
transmit the light through the first beam splitter 504, and thus
guides the light to the left eye of the user 2. The second concave
reflection mirror 507, which is disposed in front of the second
beam splitter 505, partially reflects the partially reflected light
from the second beam splitter 505 so as to transmit the light
through the second beam splitter 505, and thus guides the light to
the right eye of the user 2.
[0203] The convex lens 509 guides partially transmitted light from
the second beam splitter 505 to the outside of the head mounted
display (HMD) 500 when the shutter 508 is opened.
[0204] The analysis information (refer to FIGS. 14 and 16) in a
series of swing actions of the user 2, the swing information such
as the swing trajectory 30 (refer to FIGS. 15 and 17) approximating
the swing actions, and the like, as described in the display
examples, are displayed on the head mounted display (HMD) 500. The
display content is the same as in the above-described display
examples, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
[0205] According to the head mounted display (HMD) 500, since the
head mounted display (HMD) is mounted on the head and displays
information, the user 2 can understand swing information of the
user or attitude (position) information of the hands 2a without
holding the motion analysis display apparatus 20 including the
display section 25 displaying information with the hands.
[0206] The head mounted display (HMD) 500 may have the functions of
the motion analysis display apparatus 20 and may display swing
analysis or swing information based on measured data from the
sensor unit 10, and may be used as a display section displaying
image data transmitted from the separate motion analysis display
apparatus 20. The functions of the motion analysis display
apparatus (display apparatus) 20 include the processing section 21
(an example of a processing section), the communication section 22,
the operation section 23, the storage section 24, the display
section 25, the sound output section 26, and the imaging section 27
as described above.
Arm Mounted Analysis Display Apparatus
[0207] Next, with reference to FIG. 19, a description will be made
of an example of using an arm mounted analysis display apparatus as
an example of a wearable apparatus, as the motion analysis display
apparatus. FIG. 19 is a perspective view illustrating an arm
mounted motion analysis display apparatus as an example of a
wearable apparatus.
[0208] As illustrated in FIG. 19, a wearable (arm mounted) analysis
display apparatus 600 is mounted on a predetermined part (the wrist
in this example) of the user (subject) 2 (refer to FIG. 1) and
displays swing analysis or swing information based on measured data
from the sensor unit 10 (refer to FIG. 1). The analysis display
apparatus 600 includes an apparatus main body 610 which is worn by
the user 2 and displays swing analysis information such as swing
analysis or attitude information of the hands 2a (refer to FIG. 1)
of the user 2, and a band portion 615 which is attached to the
apparatus main body 610 and allows the apparatus main body 610 to
be mounted on the user 2.
[0209] The apparatus main body 610 of the analysis display
apparatus 600 is provided with a bottom case 613 on the side
mounted on the user 2, and a top case 611 on an opposite side to
the side mounted on the user 2. A bezel 618 is provided on a top
side (top case 611) of the apparatus main body 610, and a glass
plate 619 as a top plate portion (outer wall) which is disposed
inside the bezel 618 and protects inner structures is also
provided. A pair of band attachment portions 617 which is a
connection portion with the band portion 615 is provided on both
sides of the bottom case 613.
[0210] The apparatus main body 610 is provided with a display
portion such as a liquid crystal display (LCD 634) directly under
the glass plate 619. The user 2 can view swing analysis
information, attitude information of the hands 2a of the user 2, or
the like, displayed on the liquid crystal display (LCD 634) via the
glass plate 619. The apparatus main body 610 may include the
processing section 21, the communication section 22, the operation
section 23, the storage section 24, the display section 25, the
sound output section 26, and the imaging section 27, in the same
manner as the motion analysis display apparatus 20 described with
reference to FIG. 4. The display section 25 corresponds to a
display portion such as the liquid crystal display (LCD 634) in
this example.
[0211] The analysis information (refer to FIGS. 14 and 16) in a
series of swing actions of the user 2, the swing information such
as the swing trajectory 30 (refer to FIGS. 15 and 17) approximating
the swing actions, and the like, as described in the display
examples, are displayed on the display portion of the liquid
crystal display (LCD 634). The display content is the same as in
the above-described display examples, and a detailed description
thereof will be omitted.
[0212] Other advice information based on swing analysis results,
for example, a text image representing a swing type of the user 2
or a text image representing advice (practice method or the like)
suitable for the swing type of the user 2 may be displayed on the
display portion of the liquid crystal display (LCD 634). Moving
images as video pictures may be displayed on the display portion of
the liquid crystal display (LCD 634).
[0213] In the above description, an example in which the top plate
portion of the apparatus main body 610 is implemented by the glass
plate 619 has been described, but the top plate portion may be
formed by using materials other than glass, such as transparent
plastic, as long as a member is transparent so as to allow the LCD
634 to be viewed, and has the rigidity of being capable of
protecting constituent elements included in the top case 611 and
the bottom case 613, such as the LCD 634. A configuration example
in which the bezel 618 is provided has been described, but the
bezel 618 may not be provided.
[0214] According to the wearable (arm mounted) analysis display
apparatus 600, since the analysis display apparatus is mounted on
the arm and displays information, the user 2 can understand swing
information of the user or attitude (position) information of the
hands 2a without holding the display portion (liquid crystal
display (LCD 634)) displaying information with the hands.
[0215] The wearable (arm mounted) analysis display apparatus 600
may have the functions of the motion analysis display apparatus 20
and may display swing analysis or swing information based on
measured data from the sensor unit 10, and may be used as a display
section displaying image data transmitted from the separate motion
analysis display apparatus 20. The functions of the motion analysis
display apparatus (display apparatus) 20 include the processing
section 21 (an example of a processing section), the communication
section 22, the operation section 23, the storage section 24, the
display section 25, the sound output section 26, and the imaging
section 27 as described in the motion analysis display apparatus 20
of the present embodiment.
[0216] For example, the invention includes substantially the same
configuration (for example, a configuration in which functions,
methods, and results are the same, or a configuration in which
objects and effects are the same) as the configuration described in
the embodiment. The invention includes a configuration in which an
inessential part of the configuration described in the embodiment
is replaced with another part. The invention includes a
configuration which achieves the same operation and effect or a
configuration capable of achieving the same object as in the
configuration described in the embodiment. The invention includes a
configuration in which a well-known technique is added to the
configuration described in the embodiment.
[0217] The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No.
2016-005851 filed Jan. 15, 2016 is expressly incorporated by
reference herein.
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