U.S. patent application number 15/382525 was filed with the patent office on 2017-07-06 for system, method and apparatus for substantially airtight area separation wall.
The applicant listed for this patent is CERTAINTEED GYPSUM, INC.. Invention is credited to Todd P. DiNoia, Stanley D. GATLAND, Conor Patrick MCDONALD.
Application Number | 20170191258 15/382525 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 59057748 |
Filed Date | 2017-07-06 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170191258 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
GATLAND; Stanley D. ; et
al. |
July 6, 2017 |
SYSTEM, METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SUBSTANTIALLY AIRTIGHT AREA
SEPARATION WALL
Abstract
An area separation wall (ASW) may include gypsum liner panels
and structural elements located between adjacent ones of the gypsum
liner panels. A sealing material may be located between the gypsum
liner panels and the structural elements, and between adjacent ones
of the structural elements. The sealing material may form seals
therebetween, such that the ASW is substantially airtight when
assembled. In addition, the ASW may include a fire rating of at
least 2 hours in compliance with ANSI/UL 263.
Inventors: |
GATLAND; Stanley D.;
(Downingtown, PA) ; DiNoia; Todd P.; (Littleton,
MA) ; MCDONALD; Conor Patrick; (Boston, MA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
CERTAINTEED GYPSUM, INC. |
Cody |
WY |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
59057748 |
Appl. No.: |
15/382525 |
Filed: |
December 16, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
62269815 |
Dec 18, 2015 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04C 2/52 20130101; E04B
1/942 20130101; E04B 2/723 20130101; E04C 2/04 20130101; E04B
2002/0202 20130101; E04B 1/6108 20130101; E04B 2/02 20130101; E04C
2/043 20130101; E04B 2001/2481 20130101; E04B 1/24 20130101 |
International
Class: |
E04B 1/94 20060101
E04B001/94; E04B 1/24 20060101 E04B001/24; E04C 2/52 20060101
E04C002/52; E04B 2/72 20060101 E04B002/72; E04C 2/04 20060101
E04C002/04; E04B 1/61 20060101 E04B001/61; E04B 2/02 20060101
E04B002/02 |
Claims
1. An area separation wall (ASW), comprising: a plurality of gypsum
liner panels; a plurality of structural elements located between at
least some of adjacent ones of the gypsum liner panels; sealing
material located between the gypsum liner panels and the structural
elements, and between adjacent ones of the structural elements,
wherein the sealing material forms seals therebetween such that the
ASW is substantially airtight when assembled; and the ASW
comprises: a fire rating of at least 2 hours in compliance with
ANSI/UL 263; and an air permeance of not greater than 0.44
cfm/ft.sup.2 under a pressure differential of 0.3 in water (1.57
psf) (2.25 L/sm.sup.2 @ 75 Pa).
2. The ASW of claim 1, wherein the air permeance is not greater
than 0.38 cfm/ft.sup.2, under a pressure differential of 0.3 in
water (1.57 psf), when tested with the method prescribed by ASTM
E2357.
3. The ASW of claim 1, wherein the sealing material comprises an
air permeance of not greater than 0.004 cfm/ft.sup.2 under a
pressure differential of 0.3 in water (1.57 psf) (0.02 L/sm.sup.2 @
75 Pa) when tested with the method prescribed by ASTM E2178.
4. The ASW of claim 1, wherein the structural elements comprise
elongated tracks with at least one of a generally C-shaped
sectional profile or a generally H-shaped sectional profile.
5. The ASW of claim 1, wherein the sealing material is oriented in
both a vertical direction and a horizontal direction.
6. The ASW of claim 1, wherein sealing material has a thickness in
a range of about 0.05 mm to about 13 mm.
7. The ASW of claim 1, wherein the sealing material is secured to
at least one of the gypsum liner panels or the structural elements
at a manufacturing facility prior to assembly of the ASW.
8. The ASW of claim 1, wherein the sealing material is secured to
at least one of the gypsum liner panels or the structural elements
during assembly of the ASW.
9. The ASW of claim 1, wherein the sealing material comprises at
least one of a sealant, caulk, tape, gasket, foam, coating, water
activated adhesive or mastic.
10. The ASW of claim 1, wherein the structural elements have an
interior perimeter dimension, and the sealing material comprises
sheets that are flexible and have a width that exceeds the interior
perimeter dimension of the structural elements.
11. The ASW of claim 1, wherein the sealing material is located on
at least one of interiors of the structural elements or exteriors
of the structural elements.
12. The ASW of claim 1, wherein, when the ASW is assembled adjacent
to one or between two adjacent interior finish walls to form a
construction, the construction comprising a sound transmission
classification (per ASTM E90) of at least about 50.
13. The ASW of claim 1, wherein the gypsum liner panels comprise a
surface treatment comprising at least one of a film, coating,
laminate or primer configured to provide improved adherence
thereof; and the surface treatment has a thickness in a range of
about 0.025 mm to about 1 mm.
14. The ASW of claim 1, wherein each gypsum liner panel comprises a
facing surface having a major axis along a length of the gypsum
liner panel, a minor axis perpendicular to the major axis along a
width of the gypsum liner panel, a thickness that is transverse to
the length and width; interfaces are defined between the facing
surfaces of the gypsum liner panels and the structural elements;
joints are defined between adjacent ones of the structural
elements; and the ASW further comprises tape applied over at least
one of the interfaces or the joints to further seal the ASW.
15. The ASW of claim 1, wherein at least some of the structural
elements comprise a track having a base and flanges extending from
the base, each flange comprises a lip that protrudes away and
outward therefrom, such that when the gypsum liner panels are
installed in the track, the lip provides a rut between the track
and the gypsum liner panels; and further comprising: a second
sealing material in the ruts between the track and the gypsum liner
panels.
16. The ASW of claim 1, wherein at least some of the structural
elements comprise a spring stud track having a generally C-shaped
sectional profile including a base and flanges extending from the
base, each flange comprises a lip that protrudes inward therefrom
and toward the base, such that when the gypsum liner panels are
installed in the spring stud track, the lips provide a spring force
bias against the gypsum liner panels to further seal the ASW.
17. The ASW of claim 1, wherein at least some of the structural
elements comprise a one-sided track having a base with only three
walls, wherein a first wall and a second wall extend in a same
direction, and a third wall extends opposite to the first and
second walls; and a face piece secured adjacent the one-sided track
to form a fourth wall across from the third wall.
18. The ASW of claim 1, wherein at least some of the structural
elements comprise a one-sided track having a generally J-shaped
sectional profile including a base, a first side having first
flange extending from the base, the first flange having a first lip
folded adjacent an interior of the first flange toward the base, a
second side having a second flange extending from the base, the
second flange having a second lip folded adjacent an exterior of
the second flange, the second lip extending beyond the base for
approximately a same distance as the second flange extends from the
base, and the second lip having a third lip folded adjacent an
interior of the second lip, wherein the first flange, first lip,
second flange, second lip and third lip are substantially parallel
to each other; and a first set of the gypsum liner panels is
installed on the base between the first and second flanges and are
captured between the first and second sides, a second set of the
gypsum liner panels are installed on the base opposite the first
and second flanges and are captured only by the second and third
lips on the second side of the one-sided track but are exposed on
the first side of the one-sided track across from the second and
third lips.
19. A structural element, comprising: a one-sided track having a
base with only three walls, wherein a first wall and a second wall
extend in a same direction, and a third wall extends in a direction
opposite to the first and second walls; a face piece configured to
be secured adjacent the one-sided track to form a fourth wall
across from the third wall; and the structural element is
configured, with gypsum liner panels, to form part of an area
separation wall (ASW) having a fire rating of at least 2 hours in
compliance with ANSI/UL 263, and an air permeance of not greater
than 0.44 cfm/ft.sup.2 under a pressure differential of 0.3 in
water (1.57 psf) (2.25 L/sm.sup.2 @ 75 Pa).
20. A gypsum liner panel, comprising: a gypsum liner panel body
having perimeter edges; a sealing material secured only adjacent to
at least some of the perimeter edges of the gypsum liner panel
body; and the gypsum liner panel is configured to form part of an
area separation wall (ASW) having a fire rating of at least 2 hours
in compliance with ANSI/UL 263, and an air permeance of not greater
than 0.44 cfm/ft.sup.2 under a pressure differential of 0.3 in
water (1.57 psf) (2.25 L/sm.sup.2 @ 75 Pa).
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)
[0001] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C.
.sctn.119(e) to U.S. Patent Application No. 62/269,815, entitled
"SYSTEM, METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SUBSTANTIALLY AIRTIGHT AREA
SEPARATION WALL," by Stanley D. GATLAND, et al., filed Dec. 18,
2015, which is assigned to the current assignee hereof and
incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Field of the Disclosure
[0003] The present invention relates in general to gypsum panels
and, in particular, to a system, method and apparatus for a
substantially airtight, area separation wall.
[0004] Description of the Related Art
[0005] Area separation walls (ASW) or "party walls" are required by
building codes between units in multifamily buildings. ASW are
designed to achieve a 2-hour fire resistance rating using ANSI/UL
263. Conventional ASW assemblies include two layers of 1-inch
gypsum panels that are friction fit into 25 MSG steel C-tracks and
H-channels. ASWs are considered fire resistant, but not air tight.
Such ASW construction techniques allow significant air flow to
occur between dwellings, as well as the outdoor environment.
[0006] Several code and program requirements are driving the need
for easier and more effective methods of compartmentalization that
also meet code fire safety requirements. For example, the 2012
International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) requires airtightness
of 3 ACH50 test pressure for single-family and multifamily
construction in climate zones 3-8. Leadership in Energy &
Environmental Design (LEED) has a similar compartmentalization
requirement, as does ASHRAE Standard 189. ASHRAE Standard 62.2,
which has an exceptionally stringent compartmentalization
requirement, will soon be responsible for all low-rise and
high-rise multifamily ventilation requirements. Current
fire-resistance rated (or area separation) wall assemblies present
a great challenge in air sealing and compartmentalization,
particularly in townhouse construction. Since conventional
solutions make achieving the new whole-building air tightness
requirement very difficult, improvements in ASW continue to be of
interest.
SUMMARY
[0007] Embodiments of a system, method and apparatus for a
substantially airtight, area separation wall (ASW) are disclosed.
For example, the ASW may include gypsum liner panels and structural
elements located between adjacent ones of the gypsum liner panels.
A sealing material may be located between the gypsum liner panels
and the structural elements, and between adjacent ones of the
structural elements. The sealing material may form seals
therebetween, such that the ASW is substantially airtight when
assembled. In addition, the ASW may include a fire rating of at
least 2 hours in compliance with ANSI/UL 263.
[0008] The foregoing and other objects and advantages of these
embodiments will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art
in view of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction
with the appended claims and the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] So that the manner in which the features and advantages of
the embodiments are attained and can be understood in more detail,
a more particular description may be had by reference to the
embodiments thereof that are illustrated in the appended drawings.
However, the drawings illustrate only some embodiments and
therefore are not to be considered limiting in scope as there may
be other equally effective embodiments.
[0010] FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of a multi-family dwelling
having two home units, and an embodiment of an area separation wall
(ASW) therebetween.
[0011] FIG. 2 is an enlarged, isometric view of the multi-family
dwelling and home units of FIG. 1, with the embodiment of the ASW
therebetween.
[0012] FIG. 3 depicts an embodiment of a sequence of assembly of
one version of the ASW.
[0013] FIG. 4 depicts an embodiment of a sequence of assembly of
one version of the ASW.
[0014] FIG. 5 depicts an embodiment of a sequence of assembly of
one version of the ASW.
[0015] FIG. 6 depicts an embodiment of a sequence of assembly of
one version of the ASW.
[0016] FIG. 7 depicts an embodiment of a sequence of assembly of
one version of the ASW.
[0017] FIG. 8 depicts an embodiment of a sequence of assembly of
one version of the ASW.
[0018] FIG. 9A depicts an isometric view of an embodiment of an ASW
with a sealing material.
[0019] FIG. 9B depicts a side view of an embodiment of an ASW with
a sealing material.
[0020] FIG. 10A depicts an isometric view of an embodiment of an
ASW with a sealing material.
[0021] FIG. 10B depicts a side view of an embodiment of an ASW with
a sealing material.
[0022] FIG. 11A depicts an isometric view of an embodiment of an
ASW with a sealing material.
[0023] FIG. 11B depicts a perspective view of an embodiment of an
ASW with a sealing material.
[0024] FIG. 12A depicts an isometric view of an embodiment of an
ASW with a sealing material.
[0025] FIG. 12B depicts a side view of an embodiment of an ASW with
a sealing material.
[0026] FIG. 13A depicts an isometric view of an embodiment of an
ASW with a sealing material.
[0027] FIG. 13B depicts a side view of an embodiment of an ASW with
a sealing material.
[0028] FIG. 14A depicts an isometric view of an embodiment of an
ASW with a sealing material.
[0029] FIG. 14B depicts a side view of an embodiment of an ASW with
a sealing material.
[0030] FIG. 15A depicts an isometric view of an embodiment of an
ASW with a sealing material.
[0031] FIG. 15B depicts a side view of an embodiment of an ASW with
a sealing material.
[0032] FIG. 16A depicts an isometric view of an embodiment of an
ASW with a sealing material.
[0033] FIG. 16B depicts a side view of an embodiment of an ASW with
a sealing material.
[0034] FIG. 17A depicts an isometric view of an embodiment of an
ASW with a sealing material.
[0035] FIG. 17B depicts a side view of an embodiment of an ASW with
a sealing material.
[0036] FIG. 17C depicts a side view of an embodiment of an ASW.
[0037] FIG. 18 depicts a schematic isometric view of yet another
embodiment of the ASW.
[0038] FIG. 19A depicts an isometric view of an embodiment of an
ASW.
[0039] FIG. 19B depicts a side view of an embodiment of an ASW.
[0040] FIG. 20A depicts an isometric view of an embodiment of an
ASW.
[0041] FIG. 20B depicts a side view of an embodiment of an ASW.
[0042] FIG. 21A depicts an isometric view of an embodiment of an
ASW.
[0043] FIG. 21B depicts an side view of an embodiment of an
ASW.
[0044] The use of the same reference symbols in different drawings
indicates similar or identical items.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0045] Embodiments of a system, method and apparatus for a
substantially airtight, area separation wall (ASW) are disclosed.
For example, FIGS. 1 and 2 schematically illustrate an embodiment
of an ASW 21 for improving fire protection for a multi-family
dwelling having two very closely adjacent homes. The ASW 21 may act
as a fire resistant partition between the homes, and may include a
plurality of gypsum liner panels 23, and a plurality of structural
elements 25, 27 therebetween. Each gypsum liner panel 23 is
specifically designed for use in the ASW 21, rather than for
typical interior walls. Gypsum liner panels 23 are usually thicker
(e.g., about 1-inch thick, rather than 5/8-inches thick) and more
fire resistant than conventional gypsum interior wall panels.
[0046] Although two types of structural elements 25, 27 are shown,
the ASW 21 may have more or fewer types of structural elements. In
one version, structural element 25 may include an elongated track
with a generally C-shaped sectional profile, while structural
element 27 may include an elongated track with a generally H-shaped
sectional profile. Structural elements 25, 27 may be formed from a
rigid material, such as steel.
[0047] In addition, embodiments of the ASW 21 may include sealing
material 29 located between the gypsum liner panels 23 and the
structural elements 25, 27. The sealing material 29 also may be
located between adjacent ones of the structural elements 25, 27.
Versions of the sealing material 29 may form seals between these
components such that the ASW 21 is substantially airtight when
assembled. Moreover, embodiments of the ASW 21 may include a fire
rating of at least 2 hours in compliance with ANSI/UL 263. In other
versions, the fire rating of the ASW 21 can be at least about 2.25
hours, or even at least about 2.5 hours.
[0048] In some embodiments, the term "substantially airtight" may
be defined as an air permeance of not greater than 0.04
cfm/ft.sup.2 under a pressure differential of 0.3 in water (1.57
psf) (0.2 L/sm.sup.2 @ 75 Pa) when tested with the method
prescribed by ASTM E2357, Specimen 1, after the ASW 21 is
assembled. These tests are in compliance with the Air Barrier
Association of America (ABAA) Section 01 41 00.
[0049] In other embodiments, the sealing material 29 may include an
air permeance of not greater than 0.004 cfm/ft.sup.2 under a
pressure differential of 0.3 in water (1.57 psf) (0.02 L/sm.sup.2 @
75 Pa) when tested in accordance with ASTM E2178, when the ASW 21
is assembled.
[0050] For some embodiments of the claimed invention, the following
table may be used to convert between the English system and the
metric system, as well as between testing at different pressures.
One basis for calculating this table may be found at the following
website, which is incorporated therein by reference in its
entirety.
http://retrotec.com/sites/default/files/manual-guides-specs/Manual-Reside-
ntial %20Pressure %20%26%20Air %20Leakage %20Testing.pdf.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Conversion Factor Q2 @75 Pa Q2 @75 Pa ACH50
Q1 @50 Pa (.DELTA.P.sub.2/.DELTA.P.sub.1).sup.n Q.sub.2 = Q.sub.1
(.DELTA.P.sub.2/.DELTA.P.sub.1).sup.n (unitless) (cfm/ft.sup.2)
(unitless) (cfm/ft.sup.2) (L/s m.sup.2) 0.6 0.03 1.30 0.04 0.20 1.5
0.07 1.30 0.09 0.46 2.0 0.10 1.30 0.13 0.66 2.5 0.13 1.30 0.17 0.86
2.8 0.14 1.30 0.18 0.93 3.0 0.14 1.30 0.18 0.93 3.5 0.17 1.30 0.22
1.12 4.0 0.19 1.30 0.25 1.26 4.3 0.21 1.30 0.27 1.39 4.6 0.23 1.30
0.30 1.52 4.7 0.23 1.30 0.30 1.52 5.0 0.24 1.30 0.31 1.59 5.2 0.25
1.30 0.33 1.65 6.0 0.29 1.30 0.38 1.92 7.0 0.34 1.30 0.44 2.25 10.0
0.49 1.30 0.64 3.24 Air Leakage Rate Conversion Table - 50 Pa to 75
Pa Q.sub.2 = Q.sub.1 (.DELTA.P.sub.2/.DELTA.P.sub.1).sup.n; where n
= 0.65 Q.sub.1 = CFM50/sf .DELTA.P.sub.1 = 50 Pa .DELTA.P.sub.2 =
75 Pa
[0051] For some embodiments, the following data measurements for a
pressurization test CFM @ 50 Pa was collected on the various
sealing materials 29 used as shown in Table 2. For some
embodiments, the following data measurements for a depressurization
test CFM @ 50 Pa was collected on the various sealing materials 29
used as shown in Table 3. In some embodiments, the sealing material
29 may be a flexible flashing tape which may be 3M.RTM.-8067 or
another type. In some embodiments, the sealing material 29 may be a
compressed gasket pressure sensitive foam tape which may be
Norseal.RTM. V734 or another type. In some embodiments, the sealing
material 29 may be a friction fit. In some embodiments, the sealing
material 29 may be latex caulk applied only in the c-channels. In
some embodiments, the sealing material 29 may be latex caulk
applied in all channels. In some embodiments, the sealing material
29 may be a water activated adhesive which may be Hydrotrim.RTM. or
another type.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Measurements of Pressurization based on
Sealing Material Surface area of Baseline Total (chamber test
assembly (chamber without uncertainty including ASW Test Sealing
material (ft2) ASW area) (%) area) uncertainty 1 Flexible Flashing
Tape 70 27.75 1.50 27.895 0.00 2 Compressed Gasket Pressure 71
29.201 1.5 29.75 0.5 Sensitive Foam Tape 3 Friction-fit 70 29.824
0.5 78.63 4 Latex Caulk - only c-channels 70 29.824 0.6 30.512 0.6
4 Latex Caulk - all channels 70 29.824 1.4 29.241 0.9 5 Water
Activated Adhesive 67.5 26.619 0.7 26.291 0.9
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Measurements of Depressurization based on
Sealing Material Surface area of Baseline Total (chamber test
assembly (chamber without including ASW Test Sealing material (ft2)
ASW area) uncertainty area) uncertainty 1 Flexible Flashing Tape 70
29.565 1.5 30.724 0.5 2 Compressed Gasket Pressure 71 29.304 0.3
32.742 0.3 Sensitive Foam Tape 3 Friction-fit 70 27.354 0.4 73.14 4
Latex Caulk - only c-channels 70 27.354 0.4 32.146 0.8 4 Latex
Caulk - all channels 70 27.354 0.4 30.637 0.7 5 Water Activated
Adhesive 67.5 27.563 0.1 29.286 0.4
[0052] For some embodiments, the following data calculations were
done for measuring air-tightness of the various sealing materials
29 used as shown in Table 4.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Calculations of Air-Tightness based on
Sealing Material ASW (Total- Surface area of test Baseline) CFM Q50
(CFM50/ ACH50 (refer to Test Sealing material assembly (ft2) @50 Pa
ft2) conversion Table) 1 Flexible Flashing Tape 70 1.159 0.017
<0.6 2 Compressed Gasket Pressure 71 3.438 0.048 1 Sensitive
Foam Tape 3 Friction-fit 70 45.786 0.654 >10 4 Latex Caulk -
only c-channels 70 4.792 0.068 1.5 4 Latex Caulk - all channels 70
3.283 0.047 1 5 Water Activated Adhesive 67.5 1.723 0.026
<0.6
[0053] Table 4 indicates that the flexible flashing tape, the
compressed gasket pressure sensitive foam tape, the latex caulk in
the c-channels, the latex caulk in all channels, and the water
activated adhesive are substantially airtight under Table 1.
[0054] Embodiments of the sealing material 29 may be configured in
numerous constructions, properties and configurations. In some
versions, the sealing material 29 may include a thickness in a
range of about 1 mm to about 13 mm. In some versions, the sealing
material 29 may include a thickness in a range of about 0.1 mm to
about 13 mm. In some versions, the sealing material 29 may include
a thickness in a range of about 0.05 mm to about 13 mm. In
addition, the sealing material 29 may be secured to the gypsum
liner panels 23, the structural elements 25, 27, or both, at a
manufacturing facility prior to assembly of the ASW 21.
Alternatively, the sealing material 29 may not be installed at the
manufacturing facility; rather, it may be secured to the gypsum
liner panels 23, the structural elements 25, 27, or both, during
construction and assembly of the ASW 21 itself.
[0055] FIGS. 3-8 depict an embodiment of a sequence of assembly of
one version of the ASW 21. For example, FIG. 3 depicts a lower
course 31 of the ASW 21, including its gypsum liner panels 23 and
structural element 27 (e.g., H-track) therebetween. In FIG. 4, a
structural element 25 (e.g., C-track) is placed on top of the lower
course 31 along with a sealing material 29. Next (FIG. 5), another
but opposing structural element 25 (with its own sealing material
29) is placed on the sealing material 29 on top of the lower course
31. In FIG. 6, an upper course 33 of the ASW 21 is placed into the
uppermost structural element 25, and a structural element 27 (FIG.
7) having sealing materials 29 is added to the assembly. Additional
gypsum liner panels 23 (FIG. 8) are then added to upper course 33,
and seat in both structural elements 25, 27 therebelow and
therebehind, respectively.
[0056] As shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, one embodiment of the sealing
material 29 may include two-sided adhesive foam strips 41 with a
first side adhered to either the gypsum liner panels 23 or the
structural elements 25, 27, and a second side adhered to the other
of the gypsum liner panels 23 and the structural elements 25, 27.
In one version, the second sides of the two-sided adhesive foam
strips 41 may be configured to comprise removable liners 43 that
are removed prior to assembly of the ASW 21.
[0057] FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate that the structural elements
25, 27 have an interior perimeter dimension (IPD). The sealing
material 29 may include sheets 45 that are flexible and have a
width W that exceeds the interior perimeter dimension IPD of the
structural elements 25, 27. In one version, the sheets 45 may be
applied during assembly of the ASW 21.
[0058] Referring to FIGS. 11A and 11B, in one embodiment the
sealing material 29 may be secured only to the gypsum liner panels
23, rather than to the structural elements 25, 27. For example, the
sealing material 29 may be located only adjacent perimeter edges of
the gypsum liner panels 23. In another version, the gypsum liner
panels 23 may include a surface treatment 24 (FIGS. 11B and 17C)
comprising a film, coating, laminate or primer, or any combination
thereof. The surface treatment 24 may be configured to provide
improved adherence thereto by the sealing material 29. The surface
treatment 24 may be applied during manufacturing of the gypsum
liner panels 23, or as a primer in the field during assembly of the
ASW 21.
[0059] In some versions, the sealing material 29 may be secured
only to the structural elements 25, 27. For example, in the ASW 21,
the sealing material 29 may be oriented horizontally (FIG. 12),
vertically (FIG. 13) or both (FIGS. 14-15). The sealing material 29
may be oriented only horizontally, or only vertically. In other
embodiments, the sealing material 29 may include profile-extruded
foam gaskets 51 (FIGS. 14A-14B). Some embodiments of the sealing
material 29 may include one or more of the following components: a
sealant (e.g., acoustical sealant), caulk 53 (FIG. 16; e.g., latex
caulk), tape 55 (FIG. 17), gasket, foam 57 (FIGS. 15A-15B; e.g.,
spray-applied foam sealant, such as low-expanding foam sealant),
coating (e.g., spray or roll-applied, or such as surface treatment
24) water activated adhesive and mastic.
[0060] Embodiments of the ASW 21 may include gypsum liner panels 23
each having a facing surface 26 (FIG. 18) having a major axis X
along a length of the gypsum liner panel 21, a minor axis Y that is
perpendicular to the major axis X along a width of the gypsum liner
panel 21, and a thickness T that is transverse to the length and
width. Interfaces I may be defined between the facing surfaces 26
of the gypsum liner panels 21 and the structural elements 25, 27.
Joints J may be defined between adjacent ones of the structural
elements 25, 27. In addition, the ASW 21 may further include tape
55 (FIG. 17) applied over the interfaces I, the joints J or both,
to seal or further seal the ASW 21.
[0061] Again referring to FIG. 16, at least some of the structural
elements 25, 27 may include a track having a base 61 and flanges 63
extending from the base 61. Each flange 63 may include a lip 65
that protrudes away and outward therefrom. Each lip 65 may further
include a folded portion 67 that is folded adjacent an exterior of
the lip 65.
[0062] When the gypsum liner panels 21 are installed in the
structural elements 25, 27, the lip 65 may provide a rut between
the structural elements 25, 27 and the gypsum liner panels 21. A
second sealing material (e.g., caulk 53) may be located in the ruts
between the structural elements 25, 27 and the gypsum liner panels
21. The second sealing material could be same as the sealing
material 29, or a different material.
[0063] In other examples, the sealing material 29 may be located on
the interiors of the structural elements 25, 27, on the exteriors
of the structural elements 25, 27, or on both.
[0064] FIG. 19 discloses that at least some of the structural
elements 25, 27 may include a spring stud track. The spring stud
track may include a generally C-shaped sectional profile including
a base 61 and flanges 63 extending from the base. Each flange 63
may include a lip 71 that protrudes inward therefrom and toward the
base 61. When the gypsum liner panels 21 are installed in the
spring stud track, the lips 71 provide a spring force bias against
the gypsum liner panels 21 to seal or further seal the ASW 21.
[0065] The ASW 21 may include alternate embodiments of the
structural elements. For example, FIG. 20 illustrates a one-sided
track 81 having a base 83 with only three walls. First and second
walls 85, 87 extend in a same direction, and a third wall 89
extends opposite to the first and second walls 85, 87. In addition,
a place or face piece 91 (FIG. 21) may be secured to the ASW 21
adjacent the one-sided track 81 to form a fourth wall across from
the third wall 89.
[0066] At least some of the structural elements may include the
one-sided track 81, which may include a generally J-shaped
sectional profile including the base 83. A first side may include
the first wall 85 extending from the base 83. The first wall may
include a first lip 86 folded adjacent an interior of the first
wall 85 toward the base 83. A second side may include the second
wall 87 extending from the base 83. The second wall 87 may include
a second lip 88 folded adjacent an exterior of the second wall 87.
The second lip 88 may extend beyond the base 83 for approximately a
same distance as the second wall 87 extends from the base 83. The
second lip 88 may include a third lip 90 folded adjacent an
interior of the second lip 88. The first wall 85, first lip 86,
second wall 87, second lip 88 and third lip 90 may be substantially
parallel to each other.
[0067] In one version, the upper course 33 of the gypsum liner
panels 21 may be installed on the base 83 between the first and
second walls 85, 87 such that they are captured between the first
and second sides. The lower course 31 of the gypsum liner panels 21
may be installed on the base 83 opposite the first and second walls
85, 87, such that they are captured only by the second and third
lips 88, 90 on the second side of the one-sided track 81, but are
exposed on the first side of the one-sided track 81 across from the
second and third lips 88, 90.
[0068] The ASW 21 may further include the plate or face piece 91
having a proximal segment 93 that may be secured, such as with
fasteners 94, to the first wall 85 of the one-sided track 81. The
face piece 91 may include a distal segment 95 that extends from the
proximal segment 93 beyond the base 83, generally parallel to the
second lip 88, to capture the exposed side of the lower course 31
of gypsum liner panels 21. The distal segment 95 may be generally
parallel to and aligned with the first wall 85.
[0069] In some versions, the ASW 21 may further include a sound
transmission class (STC), such as those specified in ASTM E90. For
example, the ASW 21 may be assembled adjacent to one conventional
interior finish wall or between two conventional adjacent interior
finish walls to form a construction. Embodiments of the
construction may include an STC (per ASTM E90) of at least about
55, at least about 56, at least about 57, at least about 58, at
least about 59, at least about 60, at least about 61, at least
about 62, at least about 63, at least about 64, or even at least
about 65. The STC may be in a range between any of these
values.
[0070] Embodiments of a method of constructing an ASW includes a
gypsum material, steel frame and air seal that achieves at least a
2-hour fire resistance rating using ANSI/UL 263, and satisfies air
leakage requirements using ASTM E2357 and ASTM E283, after the ASW
21 is assembled, based on the laboratory test.
[0071] This written description uses examples to disclose the
embodiments, including the best mode, and also to enable those of
ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention. The
patentable scope is defined by the claims, and may include other
examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other
examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they
have structural elements that do not differ from the literal
language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural
elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages
of the claims.
[0072] Note that not all of the activities described above in the
general description or the examples are required, that a portion of
a specific activity may not be required, and that one or more
further activities may be performed in addition to those described.
Still further, the order in which activities are listed are not
necessarily the order in which they are performed.
[0073] In the foregoing specification, the concepts have been
described with reference to specific embodiments. However, one of
ordinary skill in the art appreciates that various modifications
and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the
invention as set forth in the claims below. Accordingly, the
specification and figures are to be regarded in an illustrative
rather than a restrictive sense, and all such modifications are
intended to be included within the scope of invention.
[0074] As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising,"
"includes," "including," "has," "having" or any other variation
thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For
example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a
list of features is not necessarily limited only to those features
but may include other features not expressly listed or inherent to
such process, method, article, or apparatus. Further, unless
expressly stated to the contrary, "or" refers to an inclusive-or
and not to an exclusive-or. For example, a condition A or B is
satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B
is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is
true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).
[0075] Also, the use of "a" or "an" are employed to describe
elements and components described herein. This is done merely for
convenience and to give a general sense of the scope of the
invention. This description should be read to include one or at
least one and the singular also includes the plural unless it is
obvious that it is meant otherwise.
[0076] Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have
been described above with regard to specific embodiments. However,
the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any feature(s)
that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or
become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical,
required, or essential feature of any or all the claims.
[0077] After reading the specification, skilled artisans will
appreciate that certain features are, for clarity, described herein
in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in
combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features
that are, for brevity, described in the context of a single
embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any
subcombination. Further, references to values stated in ranges
include each and every value within that range.
* * * * *
References