U.S. patent application number 15/052758 was filed with the patent office on 2017-06-08 for communication system with i/q imbalance adjustment mechanism and method of operation thereof.
The applicant listed for this patent is Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Pranav Dayal, Gennady Feygin, Jaeyoung Kim, Jungwon Lee.
Application Number | 20170163381 15/052758 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 58798738 |
Filed Date | 2017-06-08 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170163381 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Dayal; Pranav ; et
al. |
June 8, 2017 |
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH I/Q IMBALANCE ADJUSTMENT MECHANISM AND
METHOD OF OPERATION THEREOF
Abstract
A communication system includes: an inter-device interface
configured to receive received signal including communication
content; a communication circuit, coupled to the inter-device
interface, configured to: determine an in-phase signal-component
and a quadrature signal-component based on the received signal,
calculate an adjustment value including a first adjustment and a
second adjustment based on the in-phase signal-component and the
quadrature signal-component according to a maximum-likelihood
mechanism, and adjust the received signal based on the adjustment
value for reducing an in-phase/quadrature imbalance between the
in-phase signal-component and the quadrature signal-component in
processing the communication content.
Inventors: |
Dayal; Pranav; (San Diego,
CA) ; Lee; Jungwon; (San Diego, CA) ; Feygin;
Gennady; (San Diego, CA) ; Kim; Jaeyoung; (San
Diego, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. |
Suwon-si |
|
KR |
|
|
Family ID: |
58798738 |
Appl. No.: |
15/052758 |
Filed: |
February 24, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
62262319 |
Dec 2, 2015 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04B 1/30 20130101; H04L
27/00 20130101; H04L 27/3863 20130101 |
International
Class: |
H04L 1/00 20060101
H04L001/00; H04B 1/30 20060101 H04B001/30 |
Claims
1. A communication system comprising: an inter-device interface
configured to receive a received signal including communication
content; a communication circuit, coupled to the inter-device
interface, configured to: determine an in-phase signal-component
and a quadrature signal-component based on the received signal;
calculate an adjustment value including a first adjustment and a
second adjustment based on the in-phase signal-component and the
quadrature signal-component, wherein: the second adjustment is
calculated based on adjusting a preceding second adjustment
corresponding to the second adjustment of a preceding iteration;
the first adjustment including a current first adjustment and the
second adjustment including a current second adjustment is
calculated based on a preceding first adjustment, the preceding
second adjustment, or a combination thereof along with the in-phase
signal-component and the quadrature signal-component; adjust the
received signal based on the adjustment value for reducing an
in-phase/quadrature imbalance between the in-phase signal-component
and the quadrature signal-component in processing the communication
content; generate an adjusted in-phase signal component and an
adjusted quadrature signal component for the preceding iteration
based on applying the preceding first adjustment and the preceding
second adjustment to the received signal or a component therein;
wherein calculate the adjustment value further includes: calculate
the adjustment value including the preceding first adjustment and
the preceding second adjustment corresponding to the preceding
iteration; calculate the adjustment value including the current
first adjustment and the current second adjustment for a current
iteration based on: calculating a difference between an in-phase
squared result and a quadrature squared result based on the
adjusted in-phase signal component and the adjusted quadrature
signal component corresponding to the preceding iteration; and
calculating the current second adjustment based on the difference
between the in-phase squared result and the quadrature squared
result, the current second adjustment for adjusting an initial
in-phase signal component, an initial quadrature signal component,
or a combination thereof in the received signal for the current
iteration.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the communication
circuit is configured to calculate the second adjustment based on
calculating a squared result of the in-phase signal-component and a
further squared result of the quadrature signal-component.
3. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the communication
circuit is configured to calculate the second adjustment based on
an update parameter.
4. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the communication
circuit is configured to: calculate a component difference result
based on the in-phase signal-component and the quadrature
signal-component; calculate a component addition result based on
the in-phase signal-component and the quadrature signal-component;
and calculate the second adjustment based the component difference
result and the component addition result.
5. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the communication
circuit is configured to adjust the received signal by adjusting
the in-phase signal-component or the quadrature signal-component
using the adjustment value.
6. (canceled)
7. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the communication
circuit is configured to calculate the current second adjustment
based on an in-phase squared result and a quadrature squared result
instead of utilizing an in-phase absolute-value result and a
quadrature absolute-value result.
8. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the communication
circuit is configured to calculate the adjustment value based on an
update parameter for balancing a steady state characteristic with a
convergence rate characteristic in reducing the in-phase/quadrature
imbalance.
9. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the communication
circuit is configured to calculate the adjustment value according
to the maximum-likelihood mechanism instead of, in addition to, or
a combination thereof relative to a least-mean-squares mechanism or
a portion therein.
10. (canceled)
11. A method of operation of a communication system comprising:
receiving a received signal including communication content;
determining an in-phase signal-component and a quadrature
signal-component based on the received signal; calculating with a
communication circuit an adjustment value including a first
adjustment and a second adjustment based on the in-phase
signal-component and the quadrature signal-component, wherein: the
second adjustment is calculated based on adjusting a preceding
second adjustment corresponding to the second adjustment of a
preceding iteration; the first adjustment including a current first
adjustment and the second adjustment including a current second
adjustment is calculated based on a preceding first adjustment, the
preceding second adjustment, or a combination thereof along with
the in-phase signal-component and the quadrature signal-component;
adjusting the received signal based on the adjustment value for
reducing an in-phase/quadrature imbalance between the in-phase
signal-component and the quadrature signal-component in processing
the communication content; generating an adjusted in-phase signal
component and an adjusted quadrature signal component for the
preceding iteration based on applying the preceding first
adjustment and the preceding second adjustment to the received
signal or a component therein; wherein calculate the adjustment
value further includes: calculating the adjustment value including
the preceding first adjustment and the preceding second adjustment
corresponding to the preceding iteration; calculating the
adjustment value including the current first adjustment and the
current second adjustment for a current iteration based on:
calculating a difference between an in-phase squared result and a
quadrature squared result based on the adjusted in-phase signal
component and the adjusted quadrature signal component
corresponding to the preceding iteration; and calculating the
current second adjustment based on the difference between the
in-phase squared result and the quadrature squared result, the
current second adjustment for adjusting an initial in-phase signal
component, an initial quadrature signal component, or a combination
thereof in the received signal for the current iteration.
12. The method as claimed in claim 11 wherein calculating the
adjustment value includes calculating the second adjustment based
on calculating a squared result of the in-phase signal-component
and a further squared result of the quadrature
signal-component.
13. The method as claimed in claim 11 wherein calculating the
adjustment value includes calculating the second adjustment based
on an update parameter.
14. The method as claimed in claim 11 wherein calculating the
adjustment value includes: calculating a component difference
result based on the in-phase signal-component and the quadrature
signal-component; calculating a component addition result based on
the in-phase signal-component and the quadrature signal-component;
and calculating the adjustment value based the component difference
result and the component addition result.
15. The method as claimed in claim 11 wherein adjusting the
received signal includes adjusting the received signal by adjusting
the in-phase signal-component or the quadrature signal-component
using the adjustment value.
16. A non-transitory computer readable medium including
instructions for a communication system comprising: receiving a
received signal including communication content; determining an
in-phase signal-component and a quadrature signal-component based
on the received signal; calculating an adjustment value including a
first adjustment and a second adjustment based on the in-phase
signal-component and the quadrature signal-component, wherein: the
second adjustment is calculated based on adjusting a preceding
second adjustment corresponding to the second adjustment of a
preceding iteration; the first adjustment including a current first
adjustment and the second adjustment including a current second
adjustment is calculated based on a preceding first adjustment, the
preceding second adjustment, or a combination thereof along with
the in-phase signal-component and the quadrature signal-component;
adjusting the received signal based on the adjustment value for
reducing an in-phase/quadrature imbalance between the in-phase
signal-component and the quadrature signal-component in processing
the communication content; generating an adjusted in-phase signal
component and an adjusted quadrature signal component for the
preceding iteration based on applying the preceding first
adjustment and the preceding second adjustment to the received
signal or a component therein; wherein calculate the adjustment
value further includes: calculating the adjustment value including
the preceding first adjustment and the preceding second adjustment
corresponding to the preceding iteration; calculating the
adjustment value including the current first adjustment and the
current second adjustment for a current iteration based on:
calculating a difference between an in-phase squared result and a
quadrature squared result based on the adjusted in-phase signal
component and the adjusted quadrature signal component
corresponding to the preceding iteration; and calculating the
current second adjustment based on the difference between the
in-phase squared result and the quadrature squared result, the
current second adjustment for adjusting an initial in-phase signal
component, an initial quadrature signal component, or a combination
thereof in the received signal for the current iteration.
17. The non-transitory computer readable medium as claimed in claim
16 wherein calculating the adjustment value includes calculating
the second adjustment based on calculating a squared result of the
in-phase signal-component and a further squared result of the
quadrature signal-component.
18. The non-transitory computer readable medium as claimed in claim
16 wherein calculating the adjustment value includes calculating
the second adjustment based on an update parameter.
19. The non-transitory computer readable medium as claimed in claim
16 wherein calculating the adjustment value includes: calculating a
component difference result based on the in-phase signal-component
and the quadrature signal-component; calculating a component
addition result based on the in-phase signal-component and the
quadrature signal-component; and calculating the adjustment value
based the component difference result and the component addition
result.
20. The non-transitory computer readable medium as claimed in claim
16 wherein adjusting the received signal includes adjusting the
received signal by adjusting the in-phase signal-component or the
quadrature signal-component using the adjustment value.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Patent Application Ser. No. 62/262,319 filed Dec. 2, 2015, and the
subject matter thereof is incorporated herein by reference
thereto.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] An embodiment described herein relates generally to a
communication system and more particularly to a system with I/Q
imbalance adjustment mechanism.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Modern consumer and industrial electronics, especially
devices such as cellular phones, navigations systems, portable
digital assistants, and combination devices, are providing
increasing levels of functionality to support modern life including
mobile communication. Research and development in the existing
technologies can take a myriad of different directions.
[0004] The increasing demand for information in modern life
requires users to access information at any time, at increasing
data rates. However, telecommunication signals used in mobile
communication effectively experience various types of errors, as
well as computational complexities rising from numerous possible
formats for communicated information, which affect the quality and
speed of the accessible data.
[0005] Thus, a need still remains for a communication system with
I/Q imbalance adjustment mechanism. In view of the ever-increasing
commercial competitive pressures, along with growing consumer
expectations and the diminishing opportunities for meaningful
product differentiation in the marketplace, addressing such issues
are becoming increasingly valuable. Additionally, the need to
reduce costs, improve efficiencies and performance, and meet
competitive pressures adds an even greater urgency for finding
answers to these problems.
[0006] Solutions to these problems have been long sought but prior
developments have not taught or suggested any solutions and, thus,
solutions to these problems have long eluded those skilled in the
art.
SUMMARY
[0007] An embodiment described herein provides a communication
system, including: an inter-device interface configured to receive
a signal including communication content; a communication circuit,
coupled to the inter-device interface, configured to: determine an
in-phase signal-component and a quadrature signal-component based
on the received signal, calculate an adjustment value including a
first adjustment and a second adjustment based on the in-phase
signal-component and the quadrature signal-component according to a
maximum-likelihood mechanism, and adjust the received signal based
on the adjustment value for reducing an in-phase/quadrature
imbalance between the in-phase signal-component and the quadrature
signal-component in processing the communication content.
[0008] An embodiment described herein provides a method of
operation of a communication system including: receiving a signal
including communication content; determining an in-phase
signal-component and a quadrature signal-component based on the
received signal; calculating with a circuit an adjustment value
including a first adjustment and a second adjustment based on the
in-phase signal-component and the quadrature signal-component
according to a maximum-likelihood mechanism; and adjusting the
received signal based on the adjustment value for reducing an
in-phase/quadrature imbalance between the in-phase signal-component
and the quadrature signal-component in processing the communication
content.
[0009] An embodiment described herein provides a non-transitory
computer readable medium including instructions for operating a
communication system including: receiving a received signal
including communication content; determining an in-phase
signal-component and a quadrature signal-component based on the
received signal; calculating an adjustment value including a first
adjustment and a second adjustment based on the in-phase
signal-component and the quadrature signal-component according to a
maximum-likelihood mechanism; and adjusting the received signal
based on the adjustment value for reducing an in-phase/quadrature
imbalance between the in-phase signal-component and the quadrature
signal-component in processing the communication content.
[0010] Certain embodiments have other steps or elements in addition
to or in place of those mentioned above. The steps or elements will
become apparent to those skilled in the art from a reading of the
following detailed description when taken with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] FIG. 1 is a communication system with I/Q imbalance
mechanism in an embodiment.
[0012] FIG. 2 is an exemplary illustration of the communication
system.
[0013] FIG. 3 is a further exemplary illustration of the
communication system.
[0014] FIG. 4 is an exemplary block diagram of the communication
system.
[0015] FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method of operation of a
communication system in a further embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] The following embodiments can remove or reduce an I/Q
imbalance between an in-phase signal-component and a quadrature
signal-component of a received signal resulting from processing of
a down-conversion mechanism. The I/Q imbalance can be removed or
reduced based on calculating an adjustment value according to a
maximum-likelihood mechanism instead of or in addition to a
least-mean-squares mechanism, or a portion thereof.
[0017] The adjustment value can be calculated using a combination
of an in-phase squared result and a quadrature squared result for
the maximum-likelihood mechanism instead of a combination of an
in-phase absolute-value result and a quadrature absolute-value
result for the least-mean-squares mechanism. The adjustment value
is therefore calculated using a maximum-likelihood value unique for
the maximum-likelihood mechanism and different from factors used
for the least-mean-squares mechanism.
[0018] The following embodiments are described in sufficient detail
to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the invention.
It is to be understood that other embodiments would be evident
based on the present disclosure, and that system, process,
architectural, or mechanical changes can be made without departing
from the scope of an embodiment of the present invention.
[0019] In the following description, numerous specific details are
given to provide a thorough understanding of the invention.
However, it will be apparent that the invention and various
embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In
order to avoid obscuring an embodiment of the present invention,
some well-known circuits, system configurations, and process steps
are not disclosed in detail.
[0020] The drawings showing embodiments of the system are
semi-diagrammatic, and not to scale and, particularly, some of the
dimensions are for the clarity of presentation and are shown
exaggerated in the drawing figures. Similarly, although the views
in the drawings for ease of description generally show similar
orientations, this depiction in the figures is arbitrary for the
most part. Generally, an embodiment can be operated in any
orientation.
[0021] The term "block" referred to herein can include or be
implemented as software, hardware, or a combination thereof in an
embodiment of the present invention in accordance with the context
in which the term is used. For example, the software includes
machine code, firmware, embedded code, and application software.
The software can also include a function, a call to a function, a
code block, or a combination thereof. Also for example, the
hardware may include gates, circuits, processor, computer,
integrated circuit, integrated circuit cores, a
microelectromechanical system (MEMS), passive devices, physical
non-transitory memory medium having instructions for performing the
software function, a portion therein, or a combination thereof.
Further, if a block is written in the apparatus claims section
below, the blocks are deemed to include hardware circuitry for the
purposes and the scope of apparatus claims.
[0022] The blocks in the following description of the embodiments
can be coupled to one other as described or as shown. The coupling
can be direct or indirect without or with, respectively, other
items intervening between the coupled items. The coupling can be
physical contact or by communication between items.
[0023] The term "processing" as used herein includes manipulating
signal and corresponding data, such as filtering, detecting,
decoding, assembling data structures, transferring data structures,
manipulating data structures, and reading and writing data
structures. Data structures are defined to be information arranged
as symbols, packets, blocks, files, input data, system generated
data, such as calculated or generated data, and program data.
[0024] Referring now to FIG. 1, therein is shown a communication
system 100 with communication link mechanism in an embodiment of
the present invention. The communication system 100 can include a
first device 102. The first device 102 can include a device
operating as one portion or party in communicating or exchanging
information between devices.
[0025] The first device 102 can be a user electronic device,
connected to a network 104. The first device 102 can include a
portable or mobile device, a stationary device, a consumer device,
a host device, or a combination thereof.
[0026] For example, the first device 102 may include a mobile
phone, a smart phone, a wearable device, an implanted device, a
laptop or tablet computer, a vehicle, a portion therein, or a
combination thereof. Also for example, the first device 102
includes a router, a server, an object or an article including
Internet of Things (IoT) capability or feature therein, a desktop
computer, a portion therein, or a combination thereof.
[0027] Also for example, the first device 102 includes a circuit or
a device within a comprehensive device, such as a portion or
circuit specializing in processing information within a storage
device or system. Also for example, the first device 102 includes
user equipment (UE).
[0028] The network 104 is a system of wired or wireless
communication devices or means that are connected to each other for
enabling communication between devices. For example, the network
104 includes a combination of wires, transmitters, receivers,
antennas, towers, stations, repeaters, telephone network, servers,
or client devices for a wireless cellular network for exchanging or
communicating data or information between devices. The network 104
can also include a combination of routers, cables, computers,
servers, and client devices for various sized area networks, for a
wireless cellular network, or a combination thereof for exchanging
or communicating data or information between devices. Also for
example, the network 104 includes a communication bus, a wire, a
cable, a wireless connection, or a combination thereof between
units or circuits within a device.
[0029] The first device 102 can communicate with or through the
network 104. The first device 102 can further communicate with
another device, such as another device similar in type or
classification as the first device 102.
[0030] The communication system 100 can include a second device 106
for directly or indirectly linking and communicating with the first
device 102. The network 104 can include the second device 106. The
second device 106 can receive wireless or wired communication
signals from the first device 102, transmit signals to the first
device 102, process signals, or a combination thereof. The second
device 106 can also relay signals between other instances of the
second device 106, components within the network 104, or a
combination thereof.
[0031] The first device 102 can communicate with the second device
106 including a portable or mobile device, a stationary device, a
consumer device, a host device, or a combination thereof similar in
type or category as the first device 102, either directly or
through the network 104. The first device 102 can further
communicate with the second device 106 including an access node, a
server, or a combination thereof different in type or category from
the first device 102, either directly or through the network
104.
[0032] The first device 102 can be connected to the network 104
through the second device 106. The second device 106 can send
signals to, receiving signals from, or a combination thereof in
communicating and connecting the first device 102.
[0033] For example, the second device 106 includes a router, a
server, a gateway, a modem, a base station, a cell tower, a
wireless router, an antenna, a portion therein, or a combination
thereof. Also for example, the second device 106 includes a user
device or a mobile device acting as a base station, an access
point, a hub, a hotspot, a tethering point, a peer-to-peer network
component, or a combination thereof. Also for example, the second
device 106 includes an evolved node B (eNodeB) as an element in an
air interface representing evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access
(e-UTRA).
[0034] Also for example, the second device 106 includes a
communication device or a processing component included or with a
cell tower, a wireless router, an antenna, or a combination thereof
being used to communicate with, such as by sending signals to or
receiving signals from, the first device 102 including a mobile
computing device. Also for example, the second device 106 includes
a portion or circuit specializing in storing information within the
storage device or system.
[0035] The second device 106 can be used to exchange signals
representing content for communication, including voice or sounds
of a telephone call or data representing a webpage, text, a
picture, an instruction, an interaction therewith, a control
parameter, or a combination thereof. The second device 106 can also
transmit reference signals, training signals, error detection
signals, error correction signals, header information, transmission
format, protocol information, or a combination thereof for enabling
the communication of the content.
[0036] Based on the communication method, such as code division
multiple access (CDMA), orthogonal frequency-division multiple
access (OFDMA), Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Long
Term Evolution (LTE), or fourth generation (4G) standards, the
communication signals can include a reference portion, a header
portion, a format portion, an error correction or detection
portion, or a combination thereof imbedded in the communicated
information. The reference portion, header portion, format portion,
error correction or detection portion, or a combination thereof can
include a predetermined bit, pulse, wave, symbol, or a combination
thereof. The various portions can be embedded within the
communicated signals at regular time intervals, frequency, code, or
a combination thereof.
[0037] For illustrative purposes, the communication system 100 is
shown with the first device 102 as a mobile end-user device and the
second device 106 as a base station. However, it is understood that
the first device 102 and the second device 106 can include separate
and independent circuits that communicate and exchange data or
information with each.
[0038] As exemplified and discussed above, the first device 102,
the second device 106, or a combination thereof can include a
variety of end-user devices, servicing devices, dedicated devices,
circuits within a device, or a combination thereof. Also for
example, the first device 102, the second device 106, or a
combination thereof can include communication circuits utilizing
various means of communication including various wired or wireless
communication devices.
[0039] The communication system 100 can exchange or communicate
communication content between devices, such as the first device
102, the second device 106, or a combination thereof. The
communication content can include information intended for
communication from one device to another device. The communication
content can include information for processing, implementation,
display, recreation, or a combination thereof at the receiving
device.
[0040] The communication content can be sent from a sending device
using transmitted signal. The communication system 100 can process
the communication content to generate the transmitted signal. For
example, the first device 102, the second device 106, or a
combination thereof processes the communication content including
coding-decoding the communication content, generating symbols
corresponding to the communication content, or a combination
thereof.
[0041] The transmitted signal after passing through a wireless or
wired medium becomes a received signal at a receiver device. The
received signal can include information detected or identified at
the receiving device and corresponding to the transmitted
signal.
[0042] The received signal can be different from the transmitted
signal. The received signal can also include the transmitted signal
altered or changed during transmission between devices. The
received signal can include the transmitted signal altered or
changed due to delay, attenuation, noise, reflection, refraction,
degradation, phase shift, interfering signals from other
transmitting sources, or a combination thereof.
[0043] The communication system 100 can use a down-conversion
mechanism for initially processing the received signal. The
down-conversion mechanism is a method, a process, a circuit, a
portion therein, or a combination thereof for altering the
modulation frequency of the received signal.
[0044] For example, the down-conversion mechanism can include a
quadrature down-conversion circuit of zero intermediate frequency
(IF) receiver or non-zero IF down-conversion circuit. The
down-conversion mechanism can translate the received signal
directly from a carrier frequency to baseband using a mixing stage,
or through multiple conversion stages, including an up conversion
stage a down conversion stage, or a combination thereof.
[0045] Also for example, the communication system 100 can use the
down-conversion mechanism to determine or identify a combination of
an in-phase signal-component and a quadrature signal-component for
the received signal. The in-phase signal-component can be
represented as `I`. The quadrature signal-component can be
represented as `Q`.
[0046] The in-phase signal-component can include a portion of the
received signal translated according to a phase. The quadrature
signal-component can include a different portion of the received
signal translated according to a different phase.
[0047] As a more specific example, the down-conversion mechanism
includes a local oscillator generating a sinusoidal wave. The
in-phase signal-component can be determined or generated by
directly mixing the sinusoidal wave with the received signal. The
quadrature signal-component can be determined or generated by
mixing a delayed or phase-offset instance of the sinusoidal wave
with the received signal.
[0048] The down-conversion mechanism may suffer from an
in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) imbalance when attempting to determine or
identify the combination of in-phase signal-component and the
quadrature signal-component. The I/Q imbalance can include an
unintended corruption or mismatch between the ideal values of the
combination of the in-phase signal-component and the quadrature
signal-component and the actual combination of their measured
values.
[0049] The I/Q imbalance can be based on or result from a mismatch
or an error in the local oscillator, a difference or an imbalance
between processing implementation portions, such as for mixers or
filters, for the in-phase signal-component and the quadrature
signal-component, or a combination thereof. The I/Q imbalance can
include unintended errors in the baseband signal resulting from the
down-conversion mechanism.
[0050] The receiver of the communication system 100 can correct or
reduce the I/Q imbalance. The receiver of the communication system
100 can compute an adjustment value for correcting or reducing the
I/Q imbalance. The communication system 100 can adjust the in-phase
signal-component, the quadrature signal-component, or a combination
thereof by applying or processing with the adjustment value.
[0051] The adjustment value is a set of one or more values
corresponding to the I/Q imbalance for reducing or eliminating the
I/Q imbalance. The adjustment value can be evaluated using an
equation, a process, a circuit, or a combination thereof for
calculating or applying the set of one or more values.
[0052] The adjustment value can be processed based on a
maximum-likelihood mechanism. The maximum-likelihood mechanism is a
process, a method, a circuit, or a combination thereof for
estimating parameters of a statistical model of given data. The
maximum-likelihood mechanism can be based on maximizing a
likelihood function. The maximum-likelihood mechanism can be used
for calculating the adjustment value for correcting or adjusting
for the I/Q imbalance.
[0053] The maximum-likelihood mechanism can represent
implementation of one or more assumptions on statistical properties
of the in-phase signal-component and the quadrature
signal-component. For example, the maximum-likelihood mechanism is
based on assuming the in-phase signal-component and the quadrature
signal-component as being independent and identically distributed
Gaussian variables with zero mean and an identical variance level.
The maximum-likelihood mechanism can represent the process, the
method, the circuit, or a combination thereof for reducing or
eliminating the I/Q imbalance based on such assumption.
[0054] The adjustment value can include an update parameter. The
update parameter is a set of one or more values used to adjust or
correct for the I/Q imbalance. For example, the update parameter
includes one or more constants or multiplicative factors for
calculating one or more adjustment values.
[0055] The adjustment value can include one or more values
corresponding to the maximum-likelihood mechanism instead of, in
addition to, or a combination of relative to a least-mean-squares
mechanism or a portion therein. The least-mean-squares mechanism is
a process, a method, a circuit, or a combination thereof for
finding parameters based on a least mean square of error signal
between desired and actual signal.
[0056] The least-mean-squares mechanism can include or utilize a
difference between an in-phase absolute-value result and a
quadrature absolute-value result. The in-phase absolute-value
result is an absolute value or magnitude of the in-phase
signal-component. The quadrature absolute-value result is an
absolute value or magnitude of the quadrature signal-component.
[0057] The communication system 100 can process the adjustment
value, the in-phase signal-component, the quadrature
signal-component, or a combination thereof according to processing
iteration. The processing operation consists of iterative
computation of corrected values of in-phase component and
quadrature component based on a current instance of the adjustment
value and one or more previously computed and processed instances
of the adjustment value.
[0058] For notational convenience, iterations are numbered
consequently, with current iteration represented as `n+1` iteration
and preceding iteration represented as `n`. Similarly, the
following iteration after the current iteration can be represented
as `n+2`. Details regarding the actual computation and processing
of the adjustment value, the in-phase signal-component, the
quadrature signal-component, or a combination thereof are discussed
below.
[0059] Referring now to FIG. 2, therein is shown an exemplary
illustration of the communication system 100. A device in the
communication system 100, as illustrated with the first device 102
in FIG. 1, can receive a signal for the received signal.
[0060] The communication system 100 can use the down-conversion
mechanism to generate, determine, or identify the in-phase
signal-component including an uncorrected or an initial in-phase
signal component 202, and the quadrature signal-component including
an uncorrected or an initial quadrature signal component 204. The
communication system 100 can include an in-phase signal-component
path and a quadrature signal-component path as illustrated in FIG.
2.
[0061] The initial in-phase signal component 202 is an unadjusted
output of the in-phase signal-component from the down-conversion
mechanism. The initial quadrature portion 204 is an unadjusted
output of the quadrature signal-component from the down-conversion
mechanism. The initial combination of the initial in-phase signal
component 202 and the initial quadrature signal component 204 can
include the I/Q imbalance unintended by the communication system
100.
[0062] The communication system 100 can determine or identify the
in-phase signal-component, the quadrature signal-component, or a
combination thereof according to the processing iteration, such as
the current iteration or the preceding iteration. The communication
system 100 can generate, determine, or identify the initial
in-phase signal component 202, the initial quadrature portion 204,
or a combination thereof at a beginning portion of the processing
iteration.
[0063] The communication system 100 can calculate, generate, and
use the adjustment value to adjust the initial in-phase signal
component 202, the initial quadrature portion 204, a partially
adjusted instance thereof, or a combination thereof to remove or
minimize the I/Q imbalance. The communication system 100 can
calculate or generate the adjustment value using or based on the
maximum-likelihood mechanism. The communication system 100 can
apply or process the adjustment value to generate or produce an
adjusted in-phase signal component 206, an adjusted quadrature
signal component 208, or a combination thereof.
[0064] The adjusted in-phase signal component 206 is an adjusted or
corrected instance of the in-phase signal-component. The adjusted
quadrature signal component 208 is an adjusted or corrected
instance of the quadrature signal-component. The adjusted in-phase
signal component 206, the adjusted quadrature signal component 208,
or a combination thereof can include the initial signal portions
fully adjusted by the communication system 100 at an end of a
process or an iteration thereof.
[0065] The adjusted in-phase signal component 206, the adjusted
quadrature signal component 208, or a combination thereof can be
without the I/Q imbalance or can include a reduced or minimized
amount of the I/Q imbalance resulting from the application or the
processing of the adjustment value. The adjusted combination of
adjusted in-phase signal component 206 and the adjusted quadrature
signal component 208 becomes available at the completion of the
processing iteration for processing the in-phase signal-component
and the quadrature signal-component.
[0066] The communication system 100 can exchange or communicate the
communication content between devices, such as by transmitting and
receiving signals, using one or more inter-device interfaces for
the first device 102 and the second device 106 of FIG. 1. The
communication system 100 can further communicate or process the
signals, including implementation of the down conversion mechanism,
processing of the adjustment value including calculation,
generation, and application thereof to eliminate or reduce the I/Q
imbalance, further processing for the communication content based
on the processing results, or a combination thereof using one or
more control circuits, one or more communication circuits, or a
combination thereof for the first device 102 and the second device
106.
[0067] The communication system 100 can further store the
communicated signals in one or more storage circuits for the first
device 102 and the second device 106. The communication system 100
can further utilize one or more interfaces to access or communicate
information between circuits within the first device 102 or the
second device 106. Details of the inter-device interfaces, the
communication circuits, the storage circuits, and the control
circuits are discussed below.
[0068] The adjustment value can include one or more values or
parameters for adjusting or correcting the in-phase
signal-component, the quadrature signal-component, or a combination
thereof. For example, the adjustment value includes a first
adjustment, represented as `.alpha.`, a second adjustment,
represented as `.beta.`, or a combination thereof.
[0069] The first adjustment, the second adjustment, or a
combination thereof can be dynamically calculated based on the
in-phase signal-component, the quadrature signal-component, or a
combination thereof. The first adjustment, the second adjustment,
or a combination thereof can be applied to or combined with the
in-phase signal-component, the quadrature signal-component, or a
combination thereof.
[0070] The communication system 100 can include a first parameter
block 240 configured to calculate the adjustment value including
the first adjustment. The first parameter block 240 can calculate a
current first adjustment 210, represented as `.alpha.(n+1)`, for
the current iteration. The first parameter block 240 can calculate
the current first adjustment 210 from or based on a preceding first
adjustment 214, represented as `.alpha.(n)` corresponding to the
preceding iteration. The first parameter block 240 can calculate
the adjustment value based on or according to the
maximum-likelihood mechanism. The preceding first adjustment 214
can include the first adjustment calculated and utilized in the
preceding iteration occurring or completing prior to the current
iteration.
[0071] The first parameter block 240 can calculate the current
first adjustment 210 based on the in-phase signal-component and the
quadrature signal-component. For example, the first parameter block
240 calculates the current first adjustment 210 based on the
preceding first adjustment 214, a first update parameter,
represented as `.mu..sub..alpha.`, the initial in-phase signal
component 202, the initial quadrature portion 204, a partially
processed or adjusted instance thereof, or a combination
thereof.
[0072] As a more specific example, the first parameter block 240
calculates the current first adjustment 210 based on:
.alpha.(n+1)=.alpha.(n)-.mu..sub..alpha.I.sub.1(n)(.alpha.(n)I.sub.1(n)+-
Q.sub.1(n)). Equation (1).
The current first adjustment 210 can be represented as
`.alpha.(n+1)`. The preceding first adjustment 214 can be
represented as `.alpha.(n)`. The initial in-phase signal component
202 of the preceding iteration can be represented as `I.sub.1(n)`.
The initial quadrature portion 204 can be represented as
`Q.sub.1(n)`. The term `.mu..sub..alpha.` can represent the first
update parameter functioning as an adjustment parameter for the
first adjustment for updating the first adjustment to converge to
the maximum-likelihood value.
[0073] For illustrative purposes, the current first adjustment 210
and the preceding first adjustment 214 are represented with the
processing iterations `n` and `n+1`. However, it is understood that
the communication system 100 can use the first adjustment
corresponding to any processing iteration preceding the current
iteration as discussed above for processing iterations.
[0074] The first parameter block 240 can calculate the first
adjustment, such as the current first adjustment 210, using one or
more communication circuits, one or more control circuits, or a
combination thereof corresponding to the receiving device. The
first parameter block 240 can store the first adjustment, with the
current first adjustment 210 becoming the preceding first
adjustment 214 after completing the current iteration, in one or
more storage circuits, one or more communication circuits, or a
combination thereof corresponding to the receiving device.
[0075] The communication system 100 can apply the current first
adjustment 210 to the in-phase signal-component, the quadrature
signal-component, or a combination thereof in removing or
eliminating the I/Q imbalance. The communication system 100 can
apply the current first adjustment 210 to the in-phase
signal-component. The communication system 100 can apply the
current first adjustment 210 by calculating a result of multiplying
the current first adjustment 210 with the initial in-phase signal
component 202. The communication system 100 can further multiply
the values together using a multiplier 236.
[0076] The communication system 100 can further combine the product
of the current first adjustment 210 and the initial in-phase signal
component 202 with the initial quadrature signal component 204. The
communication system 100 can combine the product and the initial
quadrature signal component 204 by adding the values together using
an adder 234.
[0077] The communication system 100 can calculate a
partially-adjusted quadrature component 215. The partially-adjusted
quadrature component 215 is an output resulting from combining the
current first adjustment 210 with the in-phase signal-component and
the quadrature signal-component. The partially-adjusted quadrature
component 215 can include the signal or the value resulting after
the adder 234 based on multiplying the current first adjustment 210
with the initial in-phase signal component 202, and then adding the
resulting product and the initial quadrature signal component
204.
[0078] The partially-adjusted quadrature component 215 can be
represented as `Q.sub.A` and further be represented mathematically
as `.alpha.(n)I.sub.1(n)+Q.sub.1(n)`. The partially-adjusted
quadrature component 215 can be fed back to the first parameter
block 240. The first parameter block 240 can use the
partially-adjusted quadrature component 215 along with the in-phase
signal-component as exemplified in Equation (1) to calculate and
update the first adjustment.
[0079] The communication system 100 can include a second parameter
block 242 configured to calculate the adjustment value including
the second adjustment. The second parameter block 242 can calculate
a current second adjustment 212, represented as `.beta.(n+1)`, for
the current iteration. The second parameter block 242 can calculate
the current second adjustment 212 from or based on a preceding
second adjustment 216, represented as `.beta.(n)` corresponding to
the preceding iteration.
[0080] The second parameter block 242 can calculate the adjustment
value based on or according to the maximum-likelihood mechanism.
The preceding second adjustment 216 can include the second
adjustment calculated and utilized in the preceding iteration
occurring or completing prior to the current iteration.
[0081] The second parameter block 242 can calculate the current
second adjustment 212 based on the preceding first adjustment 214,
the preceding second adjustment 216, or a combination thereof along
with the in-phase signal-component and the quadrature
signal-component. For example, the second parameter block 242
calculates the current second adjustment 212 based on the preceding
second adjustment 216, the update parameter, the in-phase
signal-component corresponding to the processing iteration, the
quadrature signal-component corresponding to the processing
iteration, or a combination thereof.
[0082] The second parameter block 242 can calculate the current
second adjustment 212 according to the maximum-likelihood mechanism
instead of, in addition to, or a combination of relative to the
least-mean-squares mechanism or a portion therein. For example, the
second parameter block 242 calculates the current second adjustment
212 based on directly multiplying the in-phase signal-component
with itself, or based on calculating a squared result thereof,
represented as `I.sup.2`. Also for example, the second parameter
block 242 calculates the current second adjustment 212 based on
directly multiplying the quadrature signal-component with itself,
or calculating a squared result thereof, represented as
`Q.sup.2`.
[0083] Also for example, the second parameter block 242 can
calculate the current second adjustment 212 based on direct
multiplication instead of utilizing the in-phase absolute-value
result and the quadrature absolute-value result. As a more specific
example, the second parameter block 242 calculates the current
second adjustment 212 based on an in-phase squared result 218 and a
quadrature squared result 220 without utilizing or instead of the
in-phase absolute-value result and the quadrature absolute-value
result.
[0084] The in-phase squared result 218 can include a mathematical
squared value of the in-phase signal-component, including the
initial in-phase signal component 202, the adjusted in-phase signal
component 206, or a combination thereof. The quadrature squared
result 220 can include a mathematical squared value of the
quadrature signal-component, including the adjusted quadrature
signal component 208.
[0085] The second parameter block 242 can calculate the in-phase
squared result 218, represented as `I.sub.2.sup.2 or
I.sub.2(n).sup.2`, based on multiplying the adjusted in-phase
signal component 206 of the preceding iteration with itself, or
based on calculating a squared result thereof. The second parameter
block 242 can further calculate the quadrature squared result 220,
represented as `Q.sub.2.sup.2 or Q.sub.2(n).sup.2`, based on
multiplying the adjusted quadrature signal component 208 of the
preceding iteration with itself, or based on calculating a squared
result thereof.
[0086] The second parameter block 242 can calculate the current
second adjustment 212 based on the in-phase squared result 218 and
the quadrature squared result 220, along with the preceding second
adjustment 216, the in-phase signal-component, the quadrature
signal-component, or a combination thereof. As a more specific
example, the second parameter block 242 calculates the current
second adjustment 212 based on:
.beta.(n+1).about..beta.(n)+.mu.'.sub..beta.(I.sub.2(n).sup.2-Q.sub.2(n)-
.sup.2). Equation (2).
[0087] Continuing with the example, the current second adjustment
212 can be represented as `.beta.(n+1)`. The current second
adjustment 212 can be calculated as an estimation based on the
preceding second adjustment 216, represented as `.beta.(n)`, a
second update parameter 217, represented as `.mu.'.sub..beta.`, the
in-phase squared result 218, represented as or `I.sub.2.sup.2 or
I.sub.2(n).sup.2`, and the quadrature squared result 220,
represented as `Q.sub.2.sup.2 or Q.sub.2 (n).sup.2`. The second
update parameter 217 can function as a further adjustment parameter
for the second adjustment for updating the second adjustment to
converge to the maximum-likelihood value. The second update
parameter 217 can be unique for the maximum likelihood mechanism,
and can be different than any adjustment or update parameters
utilized for the least-mean-squares mechanism.
[0088] The second update parameter 217 can include any value
greater than 0. As a more specific example, the second update
parameter 217 can be a value relatively close to 1.0.
[0089] The second update parameter 217 can be updated with every
new sample of the in-phase signal-component and the quadrature
signal-component. The second update parameter 217 can also be
updated periodically every `k` samples, with `k` representing and
integer greater than or equal to 1. The communication system 100
can further skip portions of the signals, such as for preambles or
other designated portions. The second update parameter 217 can be
used to balance a convergence rate characteristic and a steady
state characteristic
[0090] The convergence rate characteristic can include a behavior
of the adjustment value or a portion thereof moving toward or
approaching a state or a level. The steady state characteristic 232
is a state, or a level attained the end of convergence.
[0091] The second parameter block 242 can calculate the second
adjustment, such as the current second adjustment 212, using one or
more communication circuits, one or more control circuits, or a
combination thereof corresponding to the receiving device. The
second parameter block 242 can store the second adjustment, with
the current second adjustment 212 becoming the preceding second
adjustment 216 after completing the current iteration, in one or
more storage circuits, one or more communication circuits, or a
combination thereof corresponding to the receiving device.
[0092] The communication system 100 can apply the current second
adjustment 212 to a result of adjusting the in-phase
signal-component with the current first adjustment 210 in removing
or eliminating the I/Q imbalance. As exemplified above, the
communication system 100 calculates the product of the current
first adjustment 210 and the initial in-phase signal component
202.
[0093] The communication system 100 can further add the resulting
product to the initial quadrature signal component 204 to generate
the partially-adjusted quadrature component 215. The communication
system 100 can combine the current second adjustment 212 with the
partially-adjusted quadrature component 215, such as by multiplying
the values together.
[0094] The communication system 100 can apply the current second
adjustment 212 in using the adjustment value to remove or minimize
the I/Q imbalance. The adjustment process and the usage of the
adjustment value exemplified in FIG. 2 can be represented as:
.beta..sub.2(n)=I.sub.1(n), and
Q.sub.2(n)=.beta.(.alpha.I.sub.1(n)+Q.sub.1(n)). Equation (3).
[0095] The communication system 100 can include feedback
information as input to the second parameter block 242 for
calculating or updating the second adjustment. The adjusted
in-phase signal component 206 and the adjusted quadrature signal
component 208 can be fed back to the second parameter block 242.
The communication system 100 can feed back the adjusted quadrature
signal component 208 generated or calculated after multiplying the
partially-adjusted quadrature component 215 with the second
adjustment to complete the adjustment for eliminating or minimizing
the I/Q imbalance.
[0096] The communication system 100 can apply the adjustment value
using the communication circuit, the control circuit, or a
combination thereof corresponding to the receiver device. The
communication system 100 can store the adjustment value, the
adjusted signal components, or a combination thereof in the storage
circuit.
[0097] For illustrative purposes, the communication system 100 is
shown applying the first adjustment and the second adjustment to
the quadrature signal-component path, the initial quadrature
portion 204, or a combination thereof. The adjusted in-phase signal
component 206 is shown and was discussed as being equal to the
initial in-phase signal component 202, its original and unadjusted
value, and with all adjustments applied to the initial quadrature
signal component 204 to generate the adjusted quadrature signal
component 208.
[0098] However, it is understood that the communication system 100
can apply the adjustment value to the in-phase signal-component
path, the initial in-phase signal component 202, or a combination
thereof. The communication system 100 can apply the adjustment
value to either of or only one of the initial quadrature portion
204 or the initial in-phase signal component 202. The communication
system 100 can further process or apply the adjustment value or a
portion therein to both the initial quadrature portion 204 and the
initial in-phase signal component 202 by suitable modification of
mechanism which is obvious to one skilled in the art.
[0099] It has been discovered that the adjustment value calculated
based on or according to the maximum-likelihood mechanism provides
faster convergence while meeting the same steady state performance
of the IQ imbalance correction. The use of the in-phase squared
result 218 and the quadrature squared result 220 instead of the
in-phase absolute-value result and the quadrature absolute-value
result improves the convergence rate characteristic 230 without
degrading the steady state characteristic 232. The in-phase squared
result 218 and the quadrature squared result 220 can also be used
to keep convergence rate the same while improving the steady state
performance, or provide a combination of partial improvements to
both the convergence rate characteristic 230 and the steady state
characteristic 232.
[0100] The communication system 100 can use the adjusted in-phase
signal component 206 and the adjusted quadrature signal component
208 for further processing regarding the communication content. For
example, the communication system 100 decodes the received signal
based on the adjusted signal components. The communication system
100 can further implement the communication content or execute a
device or a component therein according to the communication
content.
[0101] The communication system 100 can use the communication
circuit, the control circuit, or a combination thereof to further
process for the received signal. The communication system 100 can
further communicate the communication content, a status or an
implementation result thereof, or a combination thereof to the user
using the communication circuit, the control circuit, the user
interface, or a combination thereof.
[0102] The physical transformation of the received signal or the
in-phase signal-component, the quadrature signal-component, or a
combination thereof for the received signal using the adjustment
value results in the movement in the physical world, such as the
communication content communicated to the user or processed at the
receiving device. The communication system 100 can further
transform electro-magnetic signals corresponding to the transmitted
signal and the received signal to computer readable non-transitory
data, and further adjust the data in calculating the adjustment
value and the adjusted signal components.
[0103] The communication content reproduced or processed on the
first device 102, such as navigation information or voice signal of
a caller, can influence the user's movement, such as following the
navigation information or replying back to the caller. Movement in
the physical world results in changes to the communication channel,
the geographic location of the first device 102, or a combination
thereof, which can be fed back into the communication system 100
and further influence subsequent communications or blocks of
exchanged information.
[0104] Referring now to FIG. 3, therein is shown a further
exemplary illustration of the communication system 100. The
communication system 100, as exemplified in FIG. 3, can process the
received signal similarly as describe above for FIG. 2.
[0105] For example, the down-conversion mechanism processes the
initial in-phase signal component 202 and the initial quadrature
signal component 204. Also for example, the first parameter block
240 calculates the first adjustment as discussed above. Also for
example, the communication system 100 combines or adjusts one or
more of the signal components using the adjustment value as
discussed above.
[0106] The communication system 100 can further include a second
parameter block 302 configured to calculate the adjustment value
including the second adjustment. The second parameter block 302 can
be similar to the second parameter block 242 of FIG. 2. However,
the second parameter block 302 can utilize a component difference
result 304 and a component addition result 306 to calculate the
second adjustment.
[0107] The component difference result 304 can include a difference
between the in-phase signal-component and the quadrature
signal-component. For example, the component difference result 304
includes a difference between the adjusted in-phase signal
component 206 and the adjusted quadrature signal component 208.
[0108] The component addition result 306 can include a combination
or an addition between the in-phase signal-component and the
quadrature signal-component. For example, the component addition
result 306 includes a result from adding the adjusted in-phase
signal component 206 and the adjusted quadrature signal component
208.
[0109] The second parameter block 302 can calculate the component
difference result 304 and the component addition result 306 instead
of calculating the in-phase squared result 218 of FIG. 2 and the
quadrature squared result 220 of FIG. 2. The second parameter block
302 can multiply the component difference result 304 and the
component addition result 306. The result of multiplying the
component difference result 304 and the component addition result
306 can be equivalent to the difference between the in-phase
squared result 218 and the quadrature squared result 220.
[0110] The second parameter block 302 can calculate the current
second adjustment 212 of FIG. 2 based on or utilizing the component
difference result 304 and the component addition result 306 for the
maximum-likelihood mechanism instead of the in-phase absolute-value
result and the quadrature absolute-value result corresponding to
the least-mean-squares mechanism. For example, the second parameter
block 302 calculates the current second adjustment 212 according
to:
.beta.(n+1).about..beta.(n)+.mu.''.sub..beta.(I.sub.2(n)-Q.sub.2(n))(I.s-
ub.2(n)+Q.sub.2(n)). Equation (4).
The component addition result 306 can be represented as
`(I.sub.2(n)+Q.sub.2 (n))`. The component difference result 304 can
be represented as `(I.sub.2(n)-Q.sub.2(n))`. The second parameter
block 302 can effectively calculate the term
`(I.sub.2(n).sup.2-Q.sub.2(n).sup.2)` for Equation (2) based on
implementing `(I.sub.2(n)-Q.sub.2(n))(I.sub.2(n)+Q.sub.2(n))`.
[0111] The second parameter block 302 can further calculate the
current second adjustment 212 using a second update parameter 317,
represented as `.mu.''.sub..beta.`. The second update parameter 317
can be unique for the maximum likelihood mechanism, and can be
different than any adjustment or update parameters utilized for the
least-mean-squares mechanism.
[0112] The second update parameter 317 can function as a further
adjustment parameter for the second adjustment for updating the
second adjustment to converge to the maximum-likelihood value
similar in characteristic as the second update parameter 217 of
FIG. 2. However, the actual value of the second update parameter
317 can be different from the second update parameter 217.
[0113] It has been discovered that using the component difference
result 304 and the component addition result 306 in calculating the
adjustment value provides reduced complexity and reduction in
amount of necessary resources. Calculating the adjustment value
using Equation (4) can reduce a quantity of the multipliers 236 of
FIG. 2.
[0114] The second parameter block 302 can calculate the second
adjustment, such as the current second adjustment 212, using one or
more communication circuits, one or more control circuits, or a
combination thereof corresponding to the receiving device. The
second parameter block 302 can store the second adjustment, with
the current second adjustment 212 becoming the preceding second
adjustment 216 after completing the current iteration, in one or
more storage circuits, one or more communication circuits, or a
combination thereof corresponding to the receiving device.
[0115] Referring now to FIG. 4, therein is shown an exemplary block
diagram of the communication system 100. The communication system
100 can include the first device 102, the network 104, and the
second device 106.
[0116] The first device 102 can send information in a first device
transmission 408 over the network 104 to the second device 106. The
second device 106 can send information in a second device
transmission 410 over the network 104 to the first device 102.
[0117] For illustrative purposes, the communication system 100 is
shown with the first device 102 as a client device, although it is
understood that the communication system 100 can have the first
device 102 as a different type of device. For example, the first
device 102 is a server having a display interface.
[0118] Also for illustrative purposes, the communication system 100
is shown with the second device 106 as a base station, although it
is understood that the communication system 100 can have the second
device 106 as a different type of device. For example, the second
device 106 includes any device for communication, including a
client device.
[0119] The first device 102 can include a first control circuit
412, a first storage circuit 414, a first communication circuit
416, and a first user interface 418. The first control circuit 412
can include a first control interface 422. The first control
circuit 412 can execute a first software 426 to provide the
intelligence of the communication system 100.
[0120] The first control circuit 412 can be implemented in a number
of different manners. For example, the first control circuit 412 is
a processor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) an
embedded processor, a microprocessor, a hardware control logic, a
hardware finite state machine (FSM), a digital signal processor
(DSP), or a combination thereof. The first control interface 422
can be used for communication between the first control circuit 412
and other functional units or circuits in the first device 102. The
first control interface 422 can also be used for communication that
is external to the first device 102.
[0121] The first control interface 422 can receive information from
the other functional units/circuits or from external sources, or
can transmit information to the other functional units/circuits, or
to external destinations. The external sources and the external
destinations refer to sources and destinations external to the
first device 102.
[0122] The first control interface 422 can be implemented in
different ways and can include different implementations depending
on which functional units/circuits or external units/circuits are
being interfaced with the first control interface 422. For example,
the first control interface 422 is implemented with a pressure
sensor, an inertial sensor, a microelectromechanical system (MEMS),
optical circuitry, waveguides, wireless circuitry, wireline
circuitry, or a combination thereof.
[0123] The first storage circuit 414 can store the first software
426. The first storage circuit 414 can also store the relevant
information, such as data representing incoming images, data
representing previously presented image, sound files, or a
combination thereof.
[0124] The first storage circuit 414 can be a volatile memory, a
nonvolatile memory, an internal memory, an external memory, or a
combination thereof. For example, the first storage circuit 414 is
a nonvolatile storage such as non-volatile random access memory
(NVRAM), Flash memory, disk storage, or a volatile storage such as
static random access memory (SRAM).
[0125] The first storage circuit 414 can include a first storage
interface 424. The first storage interface 424 can be used for
communication between the first storage circuit 414 and other
functional units or circuits in the first device 102. The first
storage interface 424 can also be used for communication that is
external to the first device 102.
[0126] The first storage interface 424 can receive information from
the other functional units/circuits or from external sources, or
can transmit information to the other functional units/circuits or
to external destinations. The external sources and the external
destinations refer to sources and destinations external to the
first device 102.
[0127] The first storage interface 424 can include different
implementations depending on which functional units/circuits or
external units/circuits are being interfaced with the first storage
circuit 414. The first storage interface 424 can be implemented
with technologies and techniques similar to the implementation of
the first control interface 422.
[0128] The first communication circuit 416 can enable external
communication to and from the first device 102. For example, the
first communication circuit 416 permits the first device 102 to
communicate with the second device 106, a different device, an
attachment, such as a peripheral device or a desktop computer, the
network 104, or a combination thereof.
[0129] The first communication circuit 416 can also function as a
communication hub allowing the first device 102 to function as part
of the network 104 and not limited to be an end point or terminal
unit to the network 104. The first communication circuit 416 can
include active and passive components, such as microelectronics or
an antenna, for interaction with the network 104.
[0130] The first communication circuit 416 can include a baseband
device or component, a modem, a digital signal processor, or a
combination thereof for transmitting, formatting, receiving,
detecting, decoding, further processing, or a combination thereof
for communication signals. The first communication circuit 416 can
include one or more portions for processing the voltages, the
currents, the digital information, or a combination thereof, such
as an analog-to-digital converter, a digital-to-analog converter, a
filter, an amplifier, a processor-type circuitry, or a combination
thereof. The first communication circuit 416 can further include
one or more portions for storing information, such as cache or RAM
memory, registers, or a combination thereof.
[0131] The first communication circuit 416 can be coupled with a
first inter-device interface 417. The first inter-device interface
417 can be a device or a portion of a device for physically
communicating signals with a separate device. The first
inter-device interface 417 can communicate by transmitting or
receiving signals to or from another device. The first inter-device
interface 417 can include one or more antennas for wireless
signals, a physical connection and receiver-transmitter for wired
signals, or a combination thereof. The first inter-device interface
417 can include an omnidirectional antenna, a wire, an antenna
chip, a ceramic antenna, or a combination thereof. The first
inter-device interface 417 can further include a port, a wire, a
repeater, a connector, a filter, a sensor, or a combination
thereof.
[0132] The first inter-device interface 417 can detect or respond
to a power in electromagnetic waves and provide the detected result
to the first communication circuit 416 to receive a signal,
including the second device transmission 410. The first
inter-device interface 417 can provide a path or respond to
currents or voltages provided by the first communication circuit
416 to transmit a signal, including the first device transmission
408.
[0133] The first communication circuit 416 can include a first
communication interface 428. The first communication interface 428
can be used for communication between the first communication
circuit 416 and other functional units or circuits in the first
device 102. The first communication interface 428 can receive
information from the other functional units/circuits or can
transmit information to the other functional units or circuits.
[0134] The first communication interface 428 can include different
implementations depending on which functional units or circuits are
being interfaced with the first communication circuit 416. The
first communication interface 428 can be implemented with
technologies and techniques similar to the implementation of the
first control interface 422.
[0135] The first user interface 418 allows a user (not shown) to
interface and interact with the first device 102. The first user
interface 418 can include an input device and an output device.
Examples of the input device of the first user interface 418
includes a keypad, a touchpad, soft-keys, a keyboard, a microphone,
an infrared sensor for receiving remote signals, or any combination
thereof to provide data and communication inputs.
[0136] The first user interface 418 can include a first display
interface 430. The first display interface 430 can include an
output device. The first display interface 430 can include a
display, a projector, a video screen, a speaker, or any combination
thereof.
[0137] The first control circuit 412 can operate the first user
interface 418 to display information generated by the communication
system 100. The first control circuit 412 can also execute the
first software 426 for the other functions of the communication
system 100. The first control circuit 412 can further execute the
first software 426 for interaction with the network 104 via the
first communication circuit 416.
[0138] The second device 106 can be optimized for implementing an
embodiment of the present invention in a multiple device embodiment
with the first device 102. The second device 106 can provide the
additional or higher performance processing power compared to the
first device 102. The second device 106 can include a second
control circuit 434, a second communication circuit 436, a second
user interface 438, and a second storage circuit 446.
[0139] The second user interface 438 allows a user (not shown) to
interface and interact with the second device 106. The second user
interface 438 can include an input device and an output device.
Examples of the input device of the second user interface 438
includes a keypad, a touchpad, soft-keys, a keyboard, a microphone,
or any combination thereof to provide data and communication
inputs. Examples of the output device of the second user interface
438 include a second display interface 440. The second display
interface 440 can include a display, a projector, a video screen, a
speaker, or any combination thereof.
[0140] The second control circuit 434 can execute a second software
442 to provide the intelligence of the second device 106 of the
communication system 100. The second software 442 can operate in
conjunction with the first software 426. The second control circuit
434 can provide additional performance compared to the first
control circuit 412.
[0141] The second control circuit 434 can operate the second user
interface 438 to display information. The second control circuit
434 can also execute the second software 442 for the other
functions of the communication system 100, including operating the
second communication circuit 436 to communicate with the first
device 102 over the network 104.
[0142] The second control circuit 434 can be implemented in a
number of different manners. For example, the second control
circuit 434 is a processor, an embedded processor, a
microprocessor, hardware control logic, a hardware finite state
machine (FSM), a digital signal processor (DSP), or a combination
thereof.
[0143] The second control circuit 434 can include a second control
interface 444. The second control interface 444 can be used for
communication between the second control circuit 434 and other
functional units or circuits in the second device 106. The second
control interface 444 can also be used for communication that is
external to the second device 106.
[0144] The second control interface 444 can receive information
from the other functional units/circuits or from external sources,
or can transmit information to the other functional units/circuits
or to external destinations. The external sources and the external
destinations refer to sources and destinations external to the
second device 106.
[0145] The second control interface 444 can be implemented in
different ways and can include different implementations depending
on which functional units/circuits or external units/circuits are
being interfaced with the second control interface 444. For
example, the second control interface 444 is implemented with a
pressure sensor, an inertial sensor, a microelectromechanical
system (MEMS), optical circuitry, waveguides, wireless circuitry,
wireline circuitry, or a combination thereof.
[0146] A second storage circuit 446 can store the second software
442. The second storage circuit 446 can also store the information
such as data representing incoming images, data representing
previously presented image, sound files, or a combination thereof.
The second storage circuit 446 can be sized to provide the
additional storage capacity to supplement the first storage circuit
414.
[0147] For illustrative purposes, the second storage circuit 446 is
shown as a single element, although it is understood that the
second storage circuit 446 can be a distribution of storage
elements. Also for illustrative purposes, the communication system
100 is shown with the second storage circuit 446 as a single
hierarchy storage system, although it is understood that the
communication system 100 can have the second storage circuit 446 in
a different configuration. For example, the second storage circuit
446 is formed with different storage technologies forming a memory
hierarchal system including different levels of caching, main
memory, rotating media, or off-line storage.
[0148] The second storage circuit 446 can be a volatile memory, a
nonvolatile memory, an internal memory, an external memory, or a
combination thereof. For example, the second storage circuit 446 is
a nonvolatile storage such as non-volatile random access memory
(NVRAM), Flash memory, disk storage, or a volatile storage such as
static random access memory (SRAM).
[0149] The second storage circuit 446 can include a second storage
interface 448. The second storage interface 448 can be used for
communication between the second storage circuit 446 and other
functional units or circuits in the second device 106. The second
storage interface 448 can also be used for communication that is
external to the second device 106.
[0150] The second storage interface 448 can receive information
from the other functional units/circuits or from external sources,
or can transmit information to the other functional units/circuits
or to external destinations. The external sources and the external
destinations refer to sources and destinations external to the
second device 106.
[0151] The second storage interface 448 can include different
implementations depending on which functional units/circuits or
external units/circuits are being interfaced with the second
storage circuit 446. The second storage interface 448 can be
implemented with technologies and techniques similar to the
implementation of the second control interface 444.
[0152] The second communication circuit 436 can enable external
communication to and from the second device 106. For example, the
second communication circuit 436 permits the second device 106 to
communicate with the first device 102 over the network 104.
[0153] The second communication circuit 436 can also function as a
communication hub allowing the second device 106 to function as
part of the network 104 and not limited to be an end point or
terminal unit to the network 104. The second communication circuit
436 can include active and passive components, such as
microelectronics or resistors, for interaction with the network
104.
[0154] The second communication circuit 436 can include a baseband
device or component, a modem, a digital signal processor, or a
combination thereof for transmitting, formatting, receiving,
detecting, decoding, further processing, or a combination thereof
for communication signals. The second communication circuit 436 can
include one or more portions for processing the voltages, the
currents, the digital information, or a combination thereof, such
as an analog-to-digital converter, a digital-to-analog converter, a
filter, an amplifier, a processor-type circuitry, or a combination
thereof. The second communication circuit 436 can further include
one or more portions for storing information, such as cache or RAM
memory, registers, or a combination thereof.
[0155] The second communication circuit 436 can be coupled with a
second inter-device interface 437. The second inter-device
interface 437 can be a device or a portion of a device for
physically communicating signals with a separate device. The second
inter-device interface 437 can communicate by transmitting or
receiving signals to or from another device. The second
inter-device interface 437 can include one or more antennas for
wireless signals, a physical connection and receiver-transmitter
for wired signals, or a combination thereof. The second
inter-device interface 437 can include an omnidirectional antenna,
a wire, an antenna chip, a ceramic antenna, or a combination
thereof. The second inter-device interface 437 can further include
a port, a wire, a repeater, a connector, a filter, a sensor, or a
combination thereof.
[0156] The second inter-device interface 437 can detect or respond
to a power in electromagnetic waves and provide the detected result
to the second communication circuit 436 to receive a signal,
including the first device transmission 408. The second
inter-device interface 437 can provide a path or respond to
currents or voltages provided by the second communication circuit
436 to transmit a signal, including the second device transmission
410.
[0157] The second communication circuit 436 can include a second
communication interface 450. The second communication interface 450
can be used for communication between the second communication
circuit 436 and other functional units/circuits in the second
device 106. The second communication interface 450 can receive
information from the other functional units/circuits or can
transmit information to the other functional units/circuits.
[0158] The second communication interface 450 can include different
implementations depending on which functional units/circuits are
being interfaced with the second communication circuit 436. The
second communication interface 450 can be implemented with
technologies and techniques similar to the implementation of the
second control interface 444.
[0159] The first communication circuit 416 can couple with the
network 104 to send information to the second device 106 in the
first device transmission 408. The second device 106 can receive
information in the second communication circuit 436 from the first
device transmission 408 of the network 104.
[0160] The second communication circuit 436 can couple with the
network 104 to send information to the first device 102 in the
second device transmission 410. The first device 102 can receive
information in the first communication circuit 416 from the second
device transmission 410 of the network 104. The communication
system 100 can be executed by the first control circuit 412, the
second control circuit 434, or a combination thereof. For
illustrative purposes, the second device 106 is shown with the
partition having the second user interface 438, the second storage
circuit 446, the second control circuit 434, and the second
communication circuit 436, although it is understood that the
second device 106 can have a different partition. For example, the
second software 442 is partitioned differently such that some or
all of its function can be in the second control circuit 434 and
the second communication circuit 436. Also, the second device 106
can include other functional units or circuits not shown in FIG. 4
for clarity.
[0161] The functional units or circuits in the first device 102 can
work individually and independently of the other functional units
or circuits. The first device 102 can work individually and
independently from the second device 106 and the network 104.
[0162] The functional units or circuits in the second device 106
can work individually and independently of the other functional
units or circuits. The second device 106 can work individually and
independently from the first device 102 and the network 104.
[0163] The functional units or circuits described above can be
implemented in hardware. For example, one or more of the functional
units or circuits is implemented using the a gate, circuitry, a
processor, a computer, integrated circuit, integrated circuit
cores, a microelectromechanical system (MEMS), a passive device, a
physical non-transitory memory medium having instructions for
performing the software function, a portion therein, or a
combination thereof.
[0164] For illustrative purposes, the communication system 100 is
described by operation of the first device 102 and the second
device 106. It is understood that the first device 102 and the
second device 106 can operate any of the blocks and functions of
the communication system 100.
[0165] The down-conversion mechanism and the blocks and components
discussed in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 can be implemented using the
inter-device interface, the communication circuit, the control
circuit, the storage circuit, or a combination thereof for the
first device 102 or the second device 106 receiving and processing
the received signal. The down-conversion mechanism and the blocks
and components discussed in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 can be included or
implemented within the inter-device interface, the communication
circuit, the control circuit, the storage circuit, an
implementation thereof in or using one or more semiconductor chips,
or a combination thereof for the first device 102 or the second
device 106.
[0166] Referring now to FIG. 5, therein is shown a flow chart 500
of a method of operation of a communication system in a further
embodiment. The method 500 includes: receiving signal including
communication content a block 502; determining an in-phase
signal-component and a quadrature signal-component based on the
received signal in a block 504; calculating an adjustment value
including a first adjustment and a second adjustment based on the
in-phase signal-component and the quadrature signal-component
according to a maximum-likelihood mechanism in a block 506; and
adjusting the received signal based on the adjustment value for
reducing an in-phase/quadrature imbalance between the in-phase
signal-component and the quadrature signal-component in processing
the communication content in a block 508.
[0167] The blocks described in this application can be hardware
implementation or hardware accelerators, including passive
circuitry, active circuitry, or both, in the first communication
circuit 416 of FIG. 4, the second communication circuit 436 of FIG.
4, the first control circuit 412 of FIG. 4, the second control
circuit 438 of FIG. 4, or a combination thereof. The blocks can
also be hardware implementation or hardware accelerators, including
passive circuitry, active circuitry, or both, within the first
device 102 of FIG. 1, the second device 106 of FIG. 1, or a
combination thereof but outside of the first communication circuit
416, the second communication circuit 436, the first control
circuit 412, the second control circuit 434, or a combination
thereof.
[0168] The communication system 100 has been described with block
functions or order as an example. The communication system 100 can
partition the blocks differently or order the blocks differently.
For example, the first parameter block 240 of FIG. 2 and the second
parameter block 242 of FIG. 2 or 302 of FIG. 3 can be combined into
one block.
[0169] For illustrative purposes, the various blocks have been
described as being specific to the first device 102, the second
device 106, or a combination thereof. However, it is understood
that the blocks can be distributed differently. For example, the
various blocks can be implemented in a different device, or the
functionalities of the blocks can be distributed across multiple
circuits. Also as an example, the various blocks can be stored in a
non-transitory memory medium.
[0170] As a more specific example, one or more blocks described
above can be stored in the non-transitory memory medium for
distribution to a different system, a different device, a different
user, or a combination thereof, for manufacturing, or a combination
thereof. Also as a more specific example, the blocks described
above can be implemented or stored using a single hardware unit,
such as a chip or a processor, or across multiple hardware
units.
[0171] The blocks described in this application can be stored in
the non-transitory computer readable medium. The first
communication circuit 416 of FIG. 4, the second communication
circuit 436 of FIG. 4, the first storage circuit 414 of FIG. 4, the
second storage circuit 446 of FIG. 4, or a combination thereof can
represent the non-transitory computer readable medium. The first
communication circuit 416, the second communication circuit 436,
the first storage circuit 414, the second storage circuit 446, or a
combination thereof, or a portion therein can be removable from the
first device 102, the second device 106, or a combination thereof.
Examples of the non-transitory computer readable medium can be a
non-volatile memory card or stick, an external hard disk drive, a
tape cassette, or an optical disk.
[0172] The resulting method, process, apparatus, device, product,
and/or system is straightforward, cost-effective, uncomplicated,
highly versatile, accurate, sensitive, and effective, and can be
implemented by adapting known components for ready, efficient, and
economical manufacturing, application, and utilization. Another
important aspect of an embodiment described herein is that it
valuably supports and services the historical trend of reducing
costs, simplifying systems, and increasing performance.
[0173] These and other valuable aspects of an embodiment
consequently further the state of the technology to at least the
next level.
[0174] While the embodiments have been described in conjunction
with a specific best mode, it is to be understood that many
alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to
those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description.
Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives,
modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the
included claims. All matters set forth herein or shown in the
accompanying drawings are to be interpreted in an illustrative and
non-limiting sense.
* * * * *