U.S. patent application number 15/367765 was filed with the patent office on 2017-06-08 for lubricating oil composition and method for producing same.
This patent application is currently assigned to IDEMITSU KOSAN CO., LTD.. The applicant listed for this patent is IDEMITSU KOSAN CO., LTD., TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA. Invention is credited to Koki ITO, Toyoharu KANEKO, Kazushi TAMURA, Kazuo YAMAMORI.
Application Number | 20170158982 15/367765 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 58722540 |
Filed Date | 2017-06-08 |
United States Patent
Application |
20170158982 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
TAMURA; Kazushi ; et
al. |
June 8, 2017 |
LUBRICATING OIL COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME
Abstract
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention is a
lubricating oil composition containing a lubricating base oil, a
metal-based detergent, a molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate
compound, and a boron-containing compound, wherein the metal-based
detergent contains a calcium salicylate and at least one selected
from the group consisting of a calcium sulfonate and a
magnesium-based detergent; the lubricating oil composition
arbitrarily contains an ashless friction modifier; the content of a
calcium atom is 0.12 to 0.16 mass % on the basis of the whole
amount of the lubricating oil composition; the content of a
molybdenum atom is 0.05 to 0.10 mass % on the basis of the whole
amount of the lubricating oil composition; and a predetermined
coefficient X is less than 0.050.
Inventors: |
TAMURA; Kazushi;
(Kawasaki-shi, JP) ; ITO; Koki; (Sodegaura-shi,
JP) ; KANEKO; Toyoharu; (Anjo-shi, JP) ;
YAMAMORI; Kazuo; (Nagoya-shi, JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
IDEMITSU KOSAN CO., LTD.
TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA |
Chiyoda-ku
Toyota-shi |
|
JP
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
IDEMITSU KOSAN CO., LTD.
Chiyoda-ku
JP
TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Toyota-shi
JP
|
Family ID: |
58722540 |
Appl. No.: |
15/367765 |
Filed: |
December 2, 2016 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10N 2030/02 20130101;
C10M 2219/068 20130101; C10N 2030/45 20200501; C10M 2207/026
20130101; C10M 2219/066 20130101; C10M 2203/1025 20130101; C10M
2207/28 20130101; C10M 2209/084 20130101; C10M 2215/064 20130101;
C10M 2215/04 20130101; C10N 2030/10 20130101; C10M 2215/223
20130101; C10M 135/18 20130101; C10N 2030/52 20200501; C10N 2040/25
20130101; C10N 2030/06 20130101; C10N 2030/68 20200501; C10M
2223/045 20130101; C10M 2207/283 20130101; C10M 169/04 20130101;
C10M 2215/086 20130101; C10N 2060/14 20130101; C10M 2215/28
20130101; C10N 2030/54 20200501; C10M 2219/046 20130101; C10M
2227/00 20130101; C10M 2203/1006 20130101; C10N 2030/04 20130101;
C10M 2207/262 20130101; C10M 2227/061 20130101; C10M 2207/023
20130101; C10M 2215/08 20130101; C10M 2219/044 20130101; C10M
2215/06 20130101; C10M 2215/02 20130101; C10M 2215/26 20130101;
C10N 2030/44 20200501; C10M 163/00 20130101; C10M 2201/087
20130101; C10M 2207/262 20130101; C10N 2010/04 20130101; C10M
2219/068 20130101; C10N 2010/12 20130101; C10M 2219/046 20130101;
C10N 2010/04 20130101; C10M 2215/04 20130101; C10N 2060/14
20130101; C10M 2215/08 20130101; C10N 2060/14 20130101; C10M
2215/26 20130101; C10N 2060/14 20130101; C10M 2215/28 20130101;
C10N 2060/14 20130101; C10M 2203/1025 20130101; C10N 2020/02
20130101; C10M 2219/068 20130101; C10N 2010/12 20130101; C10M
2203/1025 20130101; C10N 2020/02 20130101; C10M 2207/262 20130101;
C10N 2010/04 20130101; C10M 2219/046 20130101; C10N 2010/04
20130101; C10M 2215/04 20130101; C10N 2060/14 20130101; C10M
2215/08 20130101; C10N 2060/14 20130101; C10M 2215/26 20130101;
C10N 2060/14 20130101; C10M 2215/28 20130101; C10N 2060/14
20130101 |
International
Class: |
C10M 169/04 20060101
C10M169/04; C10M 135/18 20060101 C10M135/18 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 7, 2015 |
JP |
2015-238806 |
Claims
1. A lubricating oil composition comprising: a lubricating base
oil, a metal-based detergent, a molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate
compound, and a boron-containing compound, wherein the metal-based
detergent contains a calcium salicylate and at least one selected
from the group consisting of a calcium sulfonate and a
magnesium-based detergent, the lubricating base oil arbitrarily
contains an ashless friction modifier, in the lubricating oil
composition, the content of a calcium atom is 0.12 to 0.16 mass %
on the basis of the whole amount of the lubricating oil
composition; and the content of a molybdenum atom is 0.05 to 0.10
mass % on the basis of the whole amount of the lubricating oil
composition, and X calculated according to the following expression
(1) is less than 0.050:
X=3.8.times.10.sup.-2-2.7.times.10.sup.-4.times.[A]-4.2.times.10.sup.-1.t-
imes.[B]+5.4.times.10.sup.-1.times.[C]-5.2.times.10.sup.-3.times.[D]+7.3.t-
imes.10.sup.-3.times.[E] (1) wherein [A] denotes a proportion (mass
%) occupied by a soap component derived from a calcium sulfonate in
the total amount of soap components derived from a calcium
salicylate, a calcium sulfonate, and a calcium phenate; [B] denotes
the content (mass %) of the magnesium-based detergent as converted
into a magnesium atom; [C] denotes the content (mass %) of a boron
atom contained in the lubricating oil composition; [D] denotes the
content (mass %) of the ashless friction modifier; and [E] denotes
E calculated according to the following expression:
E=([A]+1).times.([B]+0.001) (2) the values of [B] to [D] being a
value on the basis of the whole amount of the lubricating oil
composition.
2. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, wherein a
total content of the calcium atom and the magnesium atom in the
lubricating oil composition is 0.3 mass % or less on the basis of
the whole amount of the lubricating oil composition.
3. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, wherein
the lubricating base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree.
C. of 3 to 5 mm.sup.2/s and a % Cp by n-d-M ring analysis of 80% or
more.
4. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, wherein
the boron-containing compound is at least one selected from the
group consisting of a borated dispersant, an alkali metal boric
acid salt, a borated epoxide, a boric acid ester, a borated
aliphatic amine, and a borated amide.
5. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, further
comprising a non-boron-containing succinimide.
6. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, wherein
the ashless friction modifier is at least one selected from the
group consisting of an ester-based ashless friction modifier and an
amine-type ashless friction modifier.
7. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, further
comprising one or more of an additive for lubricating oil selected
from the group consisting of a viscosity index improver, a
pour-point depressant, an anti-wear agent, an antioxidant, and an
antifoaming agent.
8. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, which has
a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. of less than 12.5
mm.sup.2/s and a high-temperature high-shear viscosity (HTHS
viscosity) at 150.degree. C. of less than 3.5 mPas.
9. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, which has
a base number of 4 to 10 mgKOH/g.
10. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, which is
used for an internal combustion engine.
11. A method for producing a lubricating oil composition
comprising: blending a lubricating base oil with at least a
metal-based detergent, a molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate
compound, and a boron-containing compound, to obtain a lubricating
oil composition, wherein the metal-based detergent contains a
calcium salicylate and at least one selected from the group
consisting of a calcium sulfonate and a magnesium-based detergent,
the lubricating base oil is further arbitrarily blended with an
ashless friction modifier, in the lubricating oil composition, the
content of a calcium atom is 0.12 to 0.16 mass % on the basis of
the whole amount of the lubricating oil composition; and the
content of a molybdenum atom is 0.05 to 0.10 mass % on the basis of
the whole amount of the lubricating oil composition, and X
calculated according to the following expression (1) is less than
0.050:
X=3.8.times.10.sup.-2-2.7.times.10.sup.-4.times.[A]-4.2.times.10.sup.-1.t-
imes.[B]+5.4.times.10.sup.-1.times.[C]-5.2.times.10.sup.-3.times.[D]+7.3.t-
imes.10.sup.-3.times.[E] (1) wherein [A] denotes a proportion (mass
%) occupied by a soap component derived from a calcium sulfonate in
the total amount of soap components derived from a calcium
salicylate, a calcium sulfonate, and a calcium phenate; [B] denotes
the content (mass %) of the magnesium-based detergent as converted
into a magnesium atom; [C] denotes the content (mass %) of a boron
atom contained in the lubricating oil composition; [D] denotes the
content (mass %) of the ashless friction modifier; and [E] denotes
E calculated according to the following expression:
E=([A]+1).times.([B]+0.001) (2) the values of [B] to [D] being a
value on the basis of the whole amount of the lubricating oil
composition.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a lubricating oil
composition, for example, a lubricating oil composition for
internal combustion engine to be used in a gasoline engine.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] In recent years, the environmental regulation is
strengthened, and fuel consumption reduction of automobile engines
is required. Thus, a supercharged direct injection engine mounted
with a direct injection mechanism and a supercharging mechanism is
being introduced. In the supercharged direct injection engine, by
increasing a torque at a low rotational speed, the displacement can
be decreased while keeping a power, and therefore, the fuel
consumption can be improved.
[0003] Meanwhile, in engine oils that are used for automobile
engines, various additives are generally blended. For example, for
the purpose of decreasing an intermetal friction coefficient to
improve the fuel consumption, it is known to blend a molybdenum
dialkyldithiocarbamate. In addition, for the purposes of insurance
of detergency, wear prevention, prevention of sludge generation,
and so on, it is also known that a metal-based detergent containing
calcium or magnesium, various phosphorus-containing compounds, and
an ashless detergent dispersant such as a borated dispersant, etc.,
are blended.
[0004] Among gasoline engines, in supercharged direct injection
engines, abnormal combustion called low speed pre-ignition is
liable to occur. Thus, for the purpose of suppressing the frequency
of occurrence of low speed pre-ignition, various improvements are
made in engine oils. For example, in PTL 1, it is known to regulate
blending amounts of various additives such that the quantity of
calcium, the quantity of magnesium, the quantity of molybdenum, the
quantity of phosphorus, and the quantity of nitrogen contained in
an engine oil are satisfied with a specified relational expression.
In specific examples of the engine oil disclosed in PTL 1, the
blending amount of molybdenum is restricted into 0.01 to 0.04 mass
% while setting the quantity of calcium or the quantity of
magnesium to be fixed amounts.
CITATION LIST
Patent Literature
[0005] PTL 1: WO 2015/114920
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] However, when the blending amount of molybdenum is
restricted as in the examples disclosed in PTL 1, there is a case
where it becomes difficult to decrease the intermetal friction
coefficient.
[0007] In addition, it is known that in order to suppress the low
speed pre-ignition, it is effective to reduce the amount of a
calcium component in an engine oil. However, in an engine oil
containing a molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate, when the amount of
a calcium component is reduced, the friction coefficient may
increase. Furthermore, in an engine oil containing a molybdenum
dialkyldithiocarbamate, in which the amount of a molybdenum
component is a predetermine amount or more, the high-temperature
detergency is frequently worsened. For that reason, a large amount
of a detergent dispersant may be blended, but detergent dispersants
often increases the friction coefficient.
[0008] That is, in an engine oil in which the amount of a
molybdenum component is a predetermined amount or more, and the
amount of a calcium component is reduced, it is difficult to
achieve both an improvement of high-temperature detergency and a
decrease of friction coefficient that are compatible with each
other.
[0009] Under the foregoing circumstances, the present invention has
been made. A problem of the present invention is to provide a
lubricating oil composition, in which though it contains a
molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate, with the amount of a molybdenum
component being a predetermined amount or more and has a low amount
of a calcium component, a low friction coefficient can be realized
while ensuring high-temperature detergency.
[0010] The present inventors made extensive and intensive
investigations. As a result, it has been found that in a
lubricating oil composition containing a molybdenum
dialkyldithiocarbamate compound, with the amount of a molybdenum
component being a predetermined amount or more, and having a low
amount of a calcium component, by regulating a soap component
derived from a calcium-based detergent, the quantity of a magnesium
component derived from a magnesium-based detergent, the quantity of
a boron component derived from a boron-containing compound, and the
content of an ashless friction modifier so as to satisfy a
predetermined relational expression, the aforementioned problem can
be solved, leading to accomplishment of the present invention. The
present invention provides the following lubricating oil
composition.
[0011] A lubricating oil composition containing a lubricating base
oil, a metal-based detergent, a molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate
compound, and a boron-containing compound, wherein
[0012] the metal-based detergent contains
[0013] a calcium salicylate and
[0014] at least one selected from the group consisting of a calcium
sulfonate and a magnesium-based detergent,
[0015] the lubricating base oil arbitrarily contains an ashless
friction modifier,
[0016] in the lubricating oil composition, the content of a calcium
atom is 0.12 to 0.16 mass % on the basis of the whole amount of the
lubricating oil composition; and the content of a molybdenum atom
is 0.05 to 0.10 mass % on the basis of the whole amount of the
lubricating oil composition, and
[0017] X calculated according to the following expression (1) is
less than 0.050:
X=3.8.times.10.sup.-2-2.7.times.10.sup.-4.times.[A]-4.2.times.10.sup.-1x-
[B]+5.4.times.10.sup.-1x[C]-5.2.times.10.sup.-3.times.[D]+7.3.times.10.sup-
.-3.times.[E] (1)
wherein
[0018] [A] denotes a proportion (mass %) occupied by a soap
component derived from a calcium sulfonate in the total amount of
soap components derived from a calcium salicylate, a calcium
sulfonate, and a calcium phenate;
[0019] [B] denotes the content (mass %) of the magnesium-based
detergent as converted into a magnesium atom;
[0020] [C] denotes the content (mass %) of a boron atom contained
in the lubricating oil composition;
[0021] [D] denotes the content (mass %) of the ashless friction
modifier; and [E] denotes E calculated according to the following
expression:
E=([A]+1).times.([B]+0.001) (2)
the values of [B] to [D] being a value on the basis of the whole
amount of the lubricating oil composition.
[0022] In addition, the present invention further provides the
following method for producing a lubricating oil composition.
[0023] A method for producing a lubricating oil composition
including: blending a lubricating base oil with at least a
metal-based detergent, a molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate
compound, and a boron-containing compound, to obtain a lubricating
oil composition, wherein
[0024] the metal-based detergent contains
[0025] a calcium salicylate and
[0026] at least one selected from the group consisting of a calcium
sulfonate and a magnesium-based detergent,
[0027] the lubricating base oil is further arbitrarily blended with
an ashless friction modifier,
[0028] in the lubricating oil composition, the content of a calcium
atom is 0.12 to 0.16 mass % on the basis of the whole amount of the
lubricating oil composition, and the content of a molybdenum atom
is 0.05 to 0.10 mass % on the basis of the whole amount of the
lubricating oil composition, and
[0029] X calculated according to the following expression (1) is
less than 0.050:
X=3.8.times.10.sup.-2-2.7.times.10.sup.-4.times.[A]-4.2.times.10.sup.-1.-
times.[B]+5.4.times.10.sup.-1.times.[C]-5.2.times.10.sup.-3.times.[D]+7.3.-
times.10.sup.-3.times.[E] (1)
wherein
[0030] [A] denotes a proportion (mass %) occupied by a soap
component derived from a calcium sulfonate in the total amount of
soap components derived from a calcium salicylate, a calcium
sulfonate, and a calcium phenate;
[0031] [B] denotes the content (mass %) of the magnesium-based
detergent as converted into a magnesium atom;
[0032] [C] denotes the content (mass %) of a boron atom contained
in the lubricating oil composition;
[0033] [D] denotes the content (mass %) of the ashless friction
modifier; and
[0034] [E] denotes E calculated according to the following
expression:
E=([A]+1).times.([B]+0.001) (2)
the values of [B] to [D] being a value on the basis of the whole
amount of the lubricating oil composition.
[0035] The present invention provides a lubricating oil
composition, in which though it contains a molybdenum
dialkyldithiocarbamate compound, with the amount of a molybdenum
component being a predetermined amount or more, and has a low
amount of a calcium component, a low friction coefficient can be
realized while ensuring high-temperature detergency.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0036] The present invention is hereunder described with reference
to embodiments.
[0037] The lubricating oil composition of the present embodiment
contains a lubricating base oil, a metal-based detergent, a
molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate compound, and a boron-containing
compound and further arbitrarily contains an ashless friction
modifier. The metal-based detergent contains a calcium salicylate
and at least one selected from the group consisting of a calcium
sulfonate and a magnesium-based detergent.
[0038] In the lubricating oil composition, the contents of various
additives are regulated such that the content of a calcium atom in
the composition is 0.12 to 0.16 mass % on the basis of the whole
amount of the lubricating oil composition, the content of a
molybdenum atom in the composition is 0.05 to 0.10 mass % on the
basis of the whole amount of the lubricating oil composition, and X
calculated according to the following expression (1) is less than
0.050:
X=3.8.times.10.sup.-2-2.7.times.10.sup.-4.times.[A]-4.2.times.10.sup.-1.-
times.[B]+5.4.times.10.sup.-1.times.[C]-5.2.times.10.sup.-3.times.[D]+7.3.-
times.10.sup.-3.times.[E] (1)
wherein
[0039] [A] denotes a proportion (mass %) occupied by a soap
component derived from a calcium sulfonate in the total amount of
soap components derived from a calcium salicylate, a calcium
sulfonate, and a calcium phenate;
[0040] [B] denotes the content (mass %) of the magnesium-based
detergent as converted into a magnesium atom;
[0041] [C] denotes the content (mass %) of a boron atom contained
in the lubricating oil composition;
[0042] [D] denotes the content (mass %) of the ashless friction
modifier; and [E] denotes E calculated according to the following
expression:
E=([A]+1).times.([B]+0.001) (2)
the values of [B] to [D] being a value on the basis of the whole
amount of the lubricating oil composition.
[0043] In the present embodiment, in the case where the calcium
amount and the molybdenum amount in the composition fall within the
aforementioned fixed ranges, the value of "X" calculated in the
aforementioned expression (1) becomes a value approximate to an
intermetal friction coefficient as measured in a block-on-ring test
as mentioned later. That is, as the value of "X" is smaller, it
becomes possible to decrease the intermetal friction coefficient,
and good fuel consumption properties are readily obtained.
Meanwhile, when the value of "X" is 0.050 or more, the friction
coefficient also becomes high, so that it becomes difficult to
improve the fuel consumption.
[0044] Here, the smaller the value of X, the larger the effect for
decreasing the friction coefficient is. For that reason, X is
preferably 0.045 or less, more preferably 0.042 or less, and still
more preferably 0.040 or less.
[0045] Although a lower limit value of X is not particularly
limited, from the viewpoints of a balance with other performances
required for the lubricating oil composition, and so on, it is
preferably 0.015 or more, and more preferably 0.030 or more.
[0046] In the present embodiment, when the content of a calcium
atom or the content of a molybdenum atom falls outside the
aforementioned range, the value of X might not become a value
approximate to the friction coefficient, and even when the value of
X is less than 0.050, the value of the friction coefficient might
not become thoroughly low.
[0047] Furthermore, when the calcium amount is more than the
aforementioned upper limit value, for example, in the case of being
used for an engine oil of a supercharged direct injection engine,
it becomes difficult to suppress the frequency of occurrence of low
speed pre-ignition. When the molybdenum amount is more than the
aforementioned upper limit value, faults, such as worsening of
high-temperature detergency, etc., are liable to be generated.
[0048] From those viewpoints, the content of a calcium atom in the
lubricating oil composition is preferably 0.12 to 0.16 mass %, more
preferably 0.12 to 0.15 mass %, and still more preferably 0.12 to
0.14 mass % on the basis of the whole amount of the lubricating oil
composition. The content of a molybdenum atom in the lubricating
oil composition is preferably 0.05 to 0.09 mass %, and more
preferably 0.05 to 0.08 mass %.
[0049] Furthermore, from the viewpoint of ensuring the
high-temperature detergency good while keeping the friction
coefficient thoroughly low, the content of a boron atom that is
contained in the lubricating oil composition is preferably 0.01 to
0.15 mass %, more preferably 0.01 to 0.10 mass %, and still more
preferably 0.01 to 0.05 mass % on the basis of the whole amount of
the lubricating oil composition. It is preferred that all of the
boron atom in the lubricating oil composition is derived from a
boron-containing compound (boron-based detergent dispersant) as
mentioned later.
[0050] A total content of the calcium atom and the magnesium atom
in the lubricating oil composition is preferably 0.3 mass % or less
on the basis of the whole amount of the lubricating oil
composition. When such a total content is 0.3 mass % or less, the
amount of an ash component is low, so that there is less concern of
clogging a post-processing device of exhaust gas, such as a
gasoline particulate filter. The total content is more preferably
0.25 mass % or less, and still more preferably 0.20 mass % or
less.
[0051] The total content of the calcium atom and the magnesium atom
in the composition is 0.12 mass % or more, preferably 0.13 mass %
or more, and more preferably 0.14 mass % or more. By making this
total content high, it becomes easy to regulate a base number of
the lubricating oil composition as mentioned later to 4 mgKOH/g or
more.
[0052] The content of the magnesium atom in the lubricating oil
composition is preferably 0.14 mass % or less, more preferably 0.10
mass % or less, and still more preferably 0.08 mass % or less on
the basis of the whole amount of the lubricating oil
composition.
[0053] It is preferred that the whole amount of the calcium atom
and the magnesium atom in the lubricating oil composition is
derived from a metal-based detergent as mentioned later.
[0054] Each of the components that are contained in the lubricating
oil composition is hereunder described in more detail.
[Lubricating Base Oil]
[0055] The lubricating base oil may be either a mineral oil or a
synthetic oil, and a mixed oil of a mineral oil and a synthetic oil
may also be used.
[0056] Examples of the mineral oil include a mineral oil refined by
subjecting a lubricating oil distillate that is obtained by
distilling under reduced pressure an atmospheric residue given by
atmospheric distillation of crude oil, to one or more treatments of
solvent deasphalting, solvent extraction, hydro-cracking, solvent
dewaxing, catalytic dewaxing, hydrorefining, and the like; a
mineral oil produced by isomerizing a mineral oil-based wax or a
wax (GTL WAX) produced by the Fischer-Tropsch process, etc.; and
the like.
[0057] Examples of the synthetic oil include polyolefins, such as
polybutene, an .alpha.-olefin homopolymer or copolymer (e.g., an
ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer), etc.; various esters, such as a
polyol ester, a dibasic acid ester, a phosphate ester, etc.;
various ethers, such as a polyphenyl ether, etc.; polyglycols;
alkylbenzenes; alkylnaphthalenes; and the like.
[0058] The lubricating base oils may be used singly or may be used
in combination of two or more thereof.
[0059] A kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. of the lubricating
base oil is preferably 2 to 15 mm.sup.2/s, more preferably 2 to 10
mm.sup.2/s, and still more preferably 3 to 5 mm.sup.2/s.
[0060] When the kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. of the
lubricating base oil is the aforementioned lower limit value or
more, an evaporation loss is small, and hence, it is preferred. On
the other hand, when the kinematic viscosity is the aforementioned
upper limit value or less, a power loss to be caused due to viscous
resistance is not excessively large, so that a fuel consumption
improving effect is readily obtained.
[0061] The lubricating base oil has an amount of a paraffin
component (also referred to as "% Cp") by n-d-M ring analysis of
preferably 70% or more, more preferably 75% or more, and still more
preferably 80% or more. When the amount of a paraffin component of
the lubricating base oil is the aforementioned lower limit value or
more, it is easy to render the oxidation stability and so on good.
Furthermore, when the lubricating base oil has a kinematic
viscosity at 100.degree. C. of 3 to 5 mm.sup.2/s and a % Cp of 80%
or more, it is easy to render the oxidation stability better.
[0062] Furthermore, in order to improve the fuel consumption
properties while suppressing a change in viscosity due to a change
in temperature, a viscosity index of the lubricating base oil is
preferably 80 or more, more preferably 90 or more, and still more
preferably 100 or more.
[0063] In the lubricating oil composition, in the case of using a
mixed oil made of a combination of two or more base oils, it is
also preferred that the kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, and %
Cp of the mixed oil fall within the aforementioned ranges,
respectively.
[0064] The content of the lubricating base oil in the lubricating
oil composition is preferably 65 to 95 mass %, more preferably 70
to 95 mass %, and still more preferably 70 to 90 mass % on the
basis of the whole amount of the lubricating oil composition.
[Metal-Based Detergent]
[0065] The metal-based detergent that is used in the present
embodiment contains a calcium salicylate. In the present
embodiment, by using a calcium salicylate, the high-temperature
detergency is readily improved.
[0066] The content of the calcium salicylate as converted into a
calcium atom is preferably 0.08 to 0.16 mass %, more preferably
0.10 to 0.16 mass %, and still more preferably 0.10 to 0.14 mass %
on the basis of the whole amount of the lubricating oil
composition.
[0067] The metal-based detergent further contains, in addition to
the calcium salicylate, at least one of a calcium sulfonate and a
magnesium-based detergent. In the present embodiment, by using a
calcium sulfonate and/or a magnesium-based detergent as the
metal-based detergent, it becomes easy to decrease the friction
coefficient while rendering the high-temperature detergency
good.
[0068] Although two of these calcium sulfonate and magnesium-based
detergent may be used in combination, only one of them may also be
used.
[0069] Examples of the magnesium-based detergent include a
magnesium salicylate, a magnesium sulfonate, and a magnesium
phenate. It is preferred to use a magnesium sulfonate. These
compounds may be used singly or may be used in admixture of two or
more thereof. Although a base number of the magnesium-based
detergent is not particularly limited, it is preferably 10 to 500
mgKOH/g, more preferably 200 to 450 mgKOH/g, and still more
preferably 300 to 450 mgKOH/g.
[0070] Here, in the case where the calcium sulfonate is contained
in the lubricating oil composition, the content of the calcium
sulfonate as converted into a calcium atom is preferably 0.01 to
0.05 mass %, more preferably 0.01 to 0.04 mass %, and still more
preferably 0.01 to 0.03 mass % on the basis of the whole amount of
the lubricating oil composition.
[0071] In the case where the magnesium-based detergent is contained
in the lubricating oil composition, the content of the
magnesium-based detergent as converted into a magnesium atom is
preferably 0.01 to 0.14 mass %, and more preferably 0.01 to 0.10
mass % on the basis of the whole amount of the lubricating oil
composition. Then, in the case where the magnesium-based detergent
is used in combination with the calcium sulfonate, its content as
converted into a magnesium atom is still more preferably 0.02 to
0.06 mass %, whereas in the case where the magnesium-based
detergent is used singly without being used in combination of the
calcium sulfonate, its content is still more preferably 0.04 to
0.08 mass %.
[0072] The metal-based detergent may further contain a metal-based
detergent other than the calcium salicylate, the calcium sulfonate,
and the magnesium-based detergent. Examples of such a metal-based
detergent include a calcium phenate, and a metal-based detergent
other than the calcium-based detergent and the magnesium-based
detergent. Examples of the metal detergent other than the
calcium-based detergent and the magnesium-based detergent include a
barium-based detergent, a sodium-based detergent, and a
potassium-based detergent.
[0073] However, it is preferred that the metal-based detergent that
is contained in the lubricating oil composition consists of a
metal-based detergent selected from the group consisting of a
calcium-based detergent and a magnesium-based detergent.
[0074] In the present embodiment, by regulating the amount of a
soap component contained in the aforementioned calcium-based
detergent, it is possible to adjust the value of the friction
coefficient. Specifically, by controlling a proportion occupied by
a soap component derived from the calcium sulfonate (hereinafter
also referred to as "sulfonate soap component") in the total amount
of soap components derived from the calcium salicylate, the calcium
sulfonate, and the calcium phenate to be high, it is possible to
decrease the friction coefficient.
[0075] For that reason, in the aforementioned expression (1), [A]
denoting the proportion of the sulfonate soap component is given a
minus coefficient and is subtracted from the value of X. The
coefficient "-2.7.times.10.sup.4" to be multiplied on the
coefficient [A] is produced taking into consideration any influence
which the sulfonate soap component gives to the friction
coefficient in the lubricating oil composition of the present
embodiment through experiments and analyses thereof.
[0076] It is preferred that the sulfonate soap component (namely,
the calcium sulfonate) is contained in the lubricating oil
composition in order to easily decrease the friction coefficient,
but the sulfonate soap component may not be contained in the
lubricating oil composition. Even when the lubricating oil
composition does not contain the sulfonate soap component, by
regulating [B] to [E], it is possible to allow X to fall within the
aforementioned range.
[0077] In the case where the sulfonate soap component is contained,
the proportion occupied by the sulfonate soap component in the
total amount of soap components derived from the calcium
salicylate, the calcium sulfonate, and the calcium phenate is
preferably 10 to 75 mass %, more preferably 20 to 70 mass %, and
still more preferably 25 to 65 mass %.
[0078] In the lubricating oil composition, the magnesium-based
detergent tends to decrease the friction coefficient. For that
reason, in the aforementioned expression (1), [B] denoting the
amount of magnesium derived from the magnesium-based detergent is
given a minus coefficient and is subtracted from the value of X.
The coefficient "-4.2.times.10.sup.-1" to be multiplied on the
coefficient [B] is produced taking into consideration any influence
which magnesium gives to the friction coefficient in the
lubricating oil composition of the present embodiment through
experiments and analyses thereof.
[0079] Furthermore, in the case where the lubricating oil
composition contains both the sulfonate soap component (namely, the
calcium sulfonate) and the magnesium-based detergent, the friction
coefficient tends to become high due to an interaction between
these components. The factor [E] in the expression (1) expresses
this interaction. In the present lubricating oil composition, it
has been found through experiments and analyses thereof that the
friction coefficient becomes high approximately in proportion to a
value obtained by multiplying the factor [E] by
"7.3.times.10.sup.-3", and therefore,
"7.3.times.10.sup.3.times.[E]" is added to the value "X" in the
expression (1).
[0080] Examples of the aforementioned calcium sulfonate or
magnesium sulfonate include calcium salts or magnesium salts of an
alkyl aromatic sulfonic acid, the alkyl aromatic sulfonic acid
being obtained through sulfonation of an alkyl aromatic compound
having a weight average molecular weight of preferably 300 to
1,500, and more preferably 400 to 700.
[0081] Examples of the calcium phenate or magnesium phenate include
calcium salts or magnesium salts of an alkylphenol, an alkylphenol
sulfide, or a Mannich reaction product of alkylphenol.
[0082] Furthermore, examples of the calcium salicylate or magnesium
salicylate include calcium salts or magnesium salts of an
alkylsalicylic acid.
[0083] The alkyl group that is contained in each of these
calcium-based detergents or magnesium-based detergents is an alkyl
group having preferably 4 to 30 carbon atoms, and more preferably
10 to 26 carbon atoms, and such an alkyl group may be either linear
or branched. Such an alkyl group may be a primary alkyl group, a
secondary alkyl group, or a tertiary alkyl group.
[0084] As each of the aforementioned calcium-based detergents or
magnesium-based detergents, substantially neutral materials
(neutral salts) that are obtained by allowing the aforementioned
alkyl aromatic sulfonic acid, alkylphenol, alkylphenol sulfide,
Mannich reaction product of alkylphenol, or alkylsalicylic acid, or
the like to react directly with an oxide or hydroxide of an
alkaline earth metal (namely, calcium or magnesium) or the like; by
once converting it into an alkali metal salt, such as a sodium
salt, a potassium salt, etc., and then substituting the alkali
metal salt with an alkaline earth metal salt; or other means, can
be used.
[0085] Alternatively, materials obtained by heating the
above-obtained neutral salt and an excessive alkaline earth metal
salt or alkaline earth metal base in the presence of water may also
be used, or materials obtained by allowing the above-obtained
neutral salt to react with a carbonic acid salt or boric acid salt
of an alkaline earth metal in the presence of a carbon dioxide gas,
or other means may also be used.
[0086] As for the calcium-based detergent, when the neutral salt is
used among those described above, it is possible to increase the
proportion of the soap component in the calcium-based detergent. By
regulating the amount of the calcium salt, calcium base, boric acid
salt, carbon dioxide gas, or the like to be allowed to act on the
calcium-based sulfonate, calcium-based phenate, or calcium-based
salicylate, the amount of the soap component that is contained in
the calcium-based detergent can also be regulated.
[Molybdenum Dialkyldithiocarbamate Compound]
[0087] As the molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate compound
(hereinafter also referred to simply as "molybdenum compound") that
is used in the present embodiment, specifically, a compound
represented by following general formula (I) is exemplified.
##STR00001##
[0088] In the general formula (I), each of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4
represents an alkyl group having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, and R.sup.1
to R.sup.4 may be the same as or different from each other; and
each of X.sup.1 to X.sup.4 represents a sulfur atom or an oxygen
atom.
[0089] In the general formula (I), when the number of carbon atoms
of the alkyl group is 4 or more, the oil solubility of the
molybdenum compound is good. When the number of carbon atoms of the
alkyl group is 22 or less, the melting point is relatively low, the
handling properties are good, and the friction-reducing ability is
high. From these viewpoints, the number of carbon atoms of the
alkyl group represented by each of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 is preferably
4 to 18, and more preferably 8 to 13.
[0090] The alkyl group represented by each of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4
may be any of a branched alkyl group and a linear alkyl group.
Preferred examples of the alkyl group include an n-octyl group, a
2-ethylhexyl group, an isononyl group, an n-decyl group, an
isodecyl group, a dodecyl group, a tridecyl group, an isotridecyl
group, and the like.
[0091] From the viewpoints of solubility in the base oil, storage
stability, and friction-reducing ability, as for the molybdenum
compound represented by general formula (I), it is preferred that
R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same alkyl group, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4
are the same alkyl group, and the alkyl groups of R.sup.1 and
R.sup.2 and the alkyl groups of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are different
from each other.
[0092] In the general formula (I), each of X.sup.1 to X.sup.4
represents a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom, and X.sup.1 to X.sup.4
may be the same as or different from each other. A ratio between
the sulfur atom and the oxygen atom is preferably 1/3 to 3/1, and
more preferably 1.5/2.5 to 3/1 in terms of (sulfur atom)/(oxygen
atom). When the ratio falls within the aforementioned range, good
performances are obtained from the standpoints of corrosion
resistance and solubility in the lubricating base oil. All of
X.sup.1 to X.sup.4 may be a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom,
alternatively.
[0093] In the present embodiment, it is preferred that all of the
molybdenum atoms in the lubricating oil composition are those
derived from the aforementioned molybdenum compound. For that
reason, in the lubricating oil composition, the content of the
aforementioned molybdenum compound as converted into a molybdenum
atom is preferably 0.05 to 0.10 mass %, more preferably 0.05 to
0.09 mass %, and still more preferably 0.05 to 0.08 mass % on the
basis of the whole amount of the lubricating oil composition.
[Boron-Containing Compound]
[0094] The boron-containing compound that is used in the present
embodiment is a detergent dispersant (boron-based detergent
dispersant). Specifically, examples thereof include a borated
dispersant, an alkali metal boric acid salt, a borated epoxide, a
boric acid ester, a borated aliphatic amine, and a borated amide.
The boron-containing compounds may be used singly or may be used in
admixture of two or more thereof.
[0095] By using such a boron-containing compound, the
high-temperature detergency of the lubricating oil composition can
be made good.
[0096] The borated dispersant is an ashless dispersant. More
specifically, examples of the borated dispersant may include
borated polyalkenyl succinic anhydrides; borated
non-nitrogen-containing derivatives of a polyalkylene succinic
anhydride; borates of basic nitrogen compounds (borated basic
nitrogen compounds) selected from the group consisting of
succinimides, carboxylic acid amides, hydrocarbyl monoamines,
hydrocarbyl polyamines, Mannich bases, phosphonoamides,
thiophosphonoamides, and phosphoramides, thiazoles,
mercaptobenzothiazoles, (for example,
2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazoles) and derivatives of these,
triazoles (for example, alkyltriazoles and benzotriazoles),
copolymers which contain a carboxylate ester with one or more
additional polar functional groups, such as amines, amides, imines,
imides, etc. (for example, products produced through
copolymerization of a long chain alkyl acrylate or methacrylate
with a monomer having the aforementioned functional group); and
mixtures thereof. The borated dispersant is preferably a borated
succinimide.
[0097] Examples of the borated succinimide include ones obtained
through boration of an alkenyl or alkyl succinic monoimide or an
alkenyl or alkyl succinic bisimide.
[0098] As the alkenyl or alkyl succinic monoimide, a compound
represented by the following general formula (II) is exemplified.
As the alkenyl or alkyl succinic bisimide, a compound represented
by the following general formula (III) is exemplified.
##STR00002##
[0099] In the general formulae (II) and (III), each of R.sup.21,
R.sup.23, and R.sup.24 is an alkenyl group or an alkyl group, and a
weight average molecular weight of each of them is preferably 500
to 3,000, and more preferably 900 to 3,000.
[0100] When the weight average molecular weight of each of
R.sup.21, R.sup.23, and R.sup.24 is 500 or more, the solubility in
the lubricating base oil can be made good. When it is 3,000 or
less, it is expected that the effect obtained by the present
compound is appropriately exhibited. R.sup.23 and R.sup.24 may be
the same as or different from each other.
[0101] Each of R.sup.22, R.sup.25, and R.sup.26 is an alkylene
group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and R.sup.25 and R.sup.26 may be
the same as or different from each other. a denotes an integer of 1
to 10, and b denotes 0 or an integer of 1 to 10.
[0102] Here, a is preferably 2 to 5, and more preferably 2 to 4.
When a is 2 or more, it is expected that the effect obtained by the
borated succinimide is readily obtained. When a is 5 or less, the
solubility in the lubricating base oil becomes much more good.
[0103] b is preferably 1 to 6, and more preferably 2 to 6. When b
is 1 or more, it is expected that the effect obtained by the
present compound is appropriately exhibited. When b is 6 or less,
the solubility in the lubricating base oil becomes much more
good.
[0104] Examples of the alkenyl group may include a polybutenyl
group, a polyisobutenyl group, and an ethylene-propylene copolymer.
Examples of the alkyl group include ones resulting from
hydrogenation of the foregoing alkenyl groups. Suitable examples of
the alkenyl group include a polybutenyl group and a polyisobutenyl
group. As the polybutenyl group, ones resulting from polymerization
of a mixture of 1-butene and isobutene or high-purity isobutene are
suitably used. Representative examples of the alkyl group that is
suitable include ones resulting from hydrogenation of a polybutenyl
group or a polyisobutenyl group.
[0105] The borated succinimide can be obtained by, for example,
allowing a polyolefin to react with maleic anhydride to obtain an
alkenyl succinic anhydride, further allowing a polyamine to react
with a boron compound to obtain an intermediate, and allowing this
intermediate to react with the alkenyl succinic anhydride to
achieve imidation. It is possible to produce the monoimide or
bisimide by altering a ratio between the alkenyl succinic anhydride
or alkyl succinic anhydride and the polyamine.
[0106] The borated succinimide can also be produced by treating a
non-boron-containing alkenyl or alkyl succinic monoimide or alkenyl
or alkyl succinic bisimide with a boron compound.
[0107] Examples of the boron compound that is used herein include a
boric acid, a boric acid salt, a boric acid ester, and the like.
Examples of the boric acid include orthoboric acid, metaboric acid,
paraboric acid, and the like. Examples of the boric acid salt used
herein include ammonium borates, such as ammonium metaborate,
ammonium tetraborate, ammonium pentaborate, ammonium octaborate,
etc., and the like. Examples of the boric acid ester used herein
include monomethyl borate, dimethyl borate, trimethyl borate,
monoethyl borate, diethyl borate, triethyl borate, monopropyl
borate, dipropyl borate, tripropyl borate, monobutyl borate,
dibutyl borate, tributyl borate, and the like.
[0108] Although the alkali metal atom that is contained in the
alkali metal boric acid salt is not particularly limited so long as
it is an alkali metal atom, it is preferably a potassium atom or a
sodium atom, and more preferably a potassium atom. The boric acid
salt used in the alkali metal boric acid salt is an electrically
positive compound (salt) that contains boron and oxygen and is
arbitrarily hydrated. Examples of the boric acid salt include a
salt of a boric acid ion (BO.sub.3.sup.3-), a salt of a metaboric
acid ion (BO.sub.2.sup.-), and the like. The boric acid ion
(BO.sub.3.sup.3-) may form various polymer ions, such as a triboric
acid ion (B.sub.3O.sub.5.sup.-), a tetraboric acid ion
(B.sub.4O.sub.7.sup.2-), a pentaboric acid ion
(B.sub.5O.sub.8.sup.-), etc.
[0109] Specific examples of the alkali metal boric acid salt
include sodium tetraborate, sodium pentaborate, sodium hexaborate,
sodium octaborate, sodium cliborate, potassium metaborate,
potassium triborate, potassium tetraborate, potassium pentaborate,
potassium hexaborate, potassium octaborate, and the like. The
alkali metal boric acid salt may also be a hydrate. Among the
alkali metal boric acid salts, from the viewpoint of an improvement
of detergency at a high temperature and the viewpoint of solubility
in the base oil, potassium triborate (KB.sub.3O.sub.5) and a
hydrate thereof (KB.sub.3O.sub.5.nH.sub.2O (n is a number of 0.5 to
2.4) are preferred.
[0110] Examples of the borated epoxide include ones obtained from a
reaction product between one or more boron compounds and at least
one epoxide. The epoxide is an aliphatic epoxide having generally 8
to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 24 carbon atoms, and more
preferably about 12 to 20 carbon atoms. Suitable examples of the
aliphatic epoxide include dodecene oxide, hexadecene oxide, and the
like, and mixtures thereof.
[0111] Examples of the boric acid ester used as the
boron-containing compound include ones obtained by allowing one or
more boron compounds and one or more suitable oil-soluble alcohols
to react with each other. As the alcohol, ones having generally 6
to 30 carbon atoms, and preferably 8 to 24 carbon atoms can be
used. The boric acid ester may also be a borated phospholipid.
[0112] Examples of the borated aliphatic amine include ones
obtained by allowing one or more boron compounds and one or more
aliphatic amines, such as an amine having 14 to 18 carbon atoms,
etc., to react with each other. The borated aliphatic amine can be
produced by allowing the amine and the boron compound to react with
each other at a temperature ranging from 50 to 300.degree. C., and
preferably from 100 to 250.degree. C. in an equivalent ratio of the
amine to the boron compound of 3/1 to 1/3.
[0113] Examples of the borated amide include a borated amide
obtained from a reaction product of a linear or branched, saturated
or unsaturated monovalent fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms,
urea, and a polyalkylene polyamine; and a boron compound.
[0114] Specific examples of the boron compound that is used in
producing the borated epoxide, the boric acid ester, the borated
aliphatic amine, or the borated amide may include boron oxide,
boron oxide hydrate, boron trioxide, boron trifluoride, boron
tribromide, boron trichloride, boron acids such as boronic acid,
boric acid, tetraboric acid, and metaboric acid, a boron amide, and
various esters of boronic acid.
[0115] Among the foregoing boron-containing compounds, borated
dispersants are preferred, and above all, it is preferred to use a
borated succinimide. The borated succinimide may be used singly,
but may also be used in combination with at least one selected from
the aforementioned boron-containing compounds other than the
borated succinimide.
[0116] In the lubricating oil composition of the present
embodiment, the boron-containing compound improves the
high-temperature detergency, whereas the boron component becomes a
cause to increase the friction coefficient. However, so long as the
relational expression of the expression (1) is satisfied, it is
possible to keep the friction coefficient sufficiently low. It has
been found through experiments and analyses thereof that the boron
component increases the friction coefficient approximately in
proportion to a value obtained by multiplying the content of a
boron atom [C] by "5.4.times.10.sup.-1", and therefore, the value
of "5.4.times.10.sup.-1.times.[C]" is added to the value of "X" as
in the expression (1).
[0117] From the viewpoint of ensuring the high-temperature
detergency good while keeping the friction coefficient sufficiently
low, the content of the boron-containing compound as converted into
a boron atom in the lubricating oil composition is preferably 0.01
to 0.15 mass %, more preferably 0.01 to 0.10 mass %, and still more
preferably 0.01 to 0.05 mass % on the basis of the whole amount of
the lubricating oil composition.
[0118] Furthermore, from the viewpoint of ensuring the
high-temperature detergency while making the friction coefficient
low, the content of the boron atom that is contained in the
lubricating oil composition is preferably 0.1 to 0.8, more
preferably 0.2 to 0.7, and still more preferably 0.3 to 0.6
relative to the content of the molybdenum atom in the lubricating
oil composition.
[Ashless Friction Modifier]
[0119] The lubricating oil composition in the present embodiment
may contain an ashless friction modifier, but it may not contain an
ashless friction modifier. When the lubricating oil composition
contains an ashless friction modifier, it becomes possible to make
the friction coefficient lower. Meanwhile, when no ashless friction
modifier is contained, it becomes easy to make the high-temperature
detergency good.
[0120] Examples of the ashless friction modifier include an
ester-based ashless friction modifier and an amine-type ashless
friction modifier. The ashless friction modifiers may be used
singly or may be used in combination of two or more thereof.
[0121] Examples of the ester-based ashless friction modifier
include esters of a fatty acid and an aliphatic alcohol. Examples
of the fatty acid include aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having a
linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
The number of carbon atoms of this hydrocarbon group is preferably
8 to 24, and more preferably 10 to 20. The hydrocarbon group as
referred to herein refers to a hydrocarbon moiety from which a
carboxyl group of the fatty acid is eliminated.
[0122] As the aliphatic alcohol, an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol is
used. The ester of a fatty acid and an aliphatic alcohol may be a
partial ester in which only a part of the alcohol is esterified, or
may be a complete ester in which the alcohol is entirely
esterified. In general, a partial ester is used.
[0123] Examples of the aforementioned linear or branched
hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms include alkyl groups,
such as a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl
group, a decyl group, an undecyl group, a dodecyl group, a tridecyl
group, a tetradecyl group, a pentadecyl group, a hexadecyl group, a
heptadecyl group, an octadecyl group, a nonadecyl group, an eicosyl
group, a pentaeicosyl group, a docosyl group, a tricosyl group, a
tetracosyl group, a pentacosyl group, a hexacosyl group, a
heptacosyl group, an octacosyl group, a nonacosyl group, a
triacontyl group, etc.; alkenyl groups, such as a hexenyl group, a
heptenyl group, an octenyl group, a nonenyl group, a decenyl group,
an undecenyl group, a dodecenyl group, a tridecenyl group, a
tetradecenyl group, a pentadecenyl group, a hexadecenyl group, a
heptadecenyl group, an octadecenyl group, a nonadecenyl group, an
eicosenyl group, a heneicosenyl group, a docosenyl group, a
tricosenyl group, a tetracosenyl group, a pentacosenyl group, a
hexacosenyl group, a heptacosenyl group, an octacosenyl group, a
nonacosenyl group, a triacontenyl group, etc.; hydrocarbon groups
having two or more double bonds; and the like. The aforementioned
alkyl group, alkenyl group, and hydrocarbon group having two or
more double bonds include all of linear structures and branched
structures which are possible, and the position or positions of the
double bond or bonds in the alkenyl group and the hydrocarbon group
having two or more double bonds are arbitrary.
[0124] Specifically, examples of the fatty acid include saturated
fatty acids, such as caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid,
lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic
acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, etc.; and unsaturated fatty
acids, such as myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid,
linoleic acid, etc. Of those, unsaturated fatty acids are
preferred, an oleic acid is more preferred.
[0125] The aforementioned aliphatic polyhydric alcohol is a
dihydric to hexahydric alcohol, and examples thereof include
ethylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol,
sorbitol, and the like, with glycerin being preferred.
[0126] That is, the ester-based ashless friction modifier is
preferably an ester of glycerin and the aforementioned aliphatic
monocarboxylic acid. The foregoing ester may be a complete ester or
may be a partial ester. Above all, a partial ester obtained through
reaction of glycerin and the aforementioned unsaturated fatty acid
is more preferred. Specifically, examples thereof include
monoesters, such as glycerin monomyristate, glycerin monopalmitate,
glycerin monooleate, etc.; and diesters, such as glycerin
dimyristate, glycerin dipalmitate, glycerin dioleate, etc.
[0127] Examples of the amine-type ashless friction modifier include
an aliphatic amine compound. The foregoing aliphatic amine compound
is an amine compound having a linear or branched hydrocarbon group
having 6 to 30 carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms of the
hydrocarbon group of this amine compound is preferably 8 to 24, and
more preferably 10 to 20. Examples of the hydrocarbon group having
6 to 30 carbon atoms are same as that enumerated as the hydrocarbon
group for the fatty acid as mentioned above.
[0128] Examples of the aliphatic amine compound may include
aliphatic monoamines or alkylene oxide adducts thereof,
alkanolamines, aliphatic polyamines, imidazoline compounds, and the
like. Specifically, examples thereof include aliphatic amine
compounds, such as laurylamine, lauryldiethylamine,
lauryldiethanolamine, dodecylodipropanolamine, palmitylamine,
stearylamine, stearyltetraethylenepentamine, oleylamine,
oleylpropylenediamine, oleyldiethanolamine, N-hydroxyethyl oleyl
imidazoline, etc.; and adducts of an amine alkylene oxide such as
N,N-dipolyoxyalkylene-N-alkyl (or alkenyl) (number of carbon atoms:
6 to 28) to the aliphatic amine compound or the like.
[0129] The ashless friction modifier is preferably an ester-based
ashless friction modifier. Above all, as mentioned above, an ester
of glycerin and a fatty acid is more preferred, and in particular,
glycerin monooleate and glycerin dioleate, which are a partial
ester of glycerin and oleic acid, are still more preferred.
[0130] In the lubricating oil composition in the present
embodiment, it has been found through experiments and analyses
thereof that the ashless friction modifier decreases the friction
coefficient approximately in proportion to a value obtained by
multiplying its content [D] by "5.2.times.10.sup.3", and therefore,
in the expression (1), the value of "5.2.times.10.sup.-3.times.[D]"
is subtracted from "X".
[0131] In the case where the ashless friction modifier is contained
in the lubricating oil composition, the ashless friction modifier
is contained in an amount of preferably 0.2 to 1.8 mass %, more
preferably 0.2 to 1.7 mass %, and still more preferably 0.2 to 1.5
mass % on the basis of the whole amount of the lubricating oil
composition.
[Non-Boron-Containing Ashless Detergent Dispersant]
[0132] The lubricating oil composition in the present embodiment
may contain a non-boron-containing succinimide as a
non-boron-containing ashless detergent dispersant. When the
lubricating oil composition contains the non-boron-containing
succinimide, it becomes easy to more improve the high-temperature
detergency.
[0133] Examples of the succinimide include an alkenyl or alkyl
succinic monoimide and an alkenyl or alkyl succinic bisimide
Examples of the alkenyl or alkyl succinic monoimide include the
compounds represented by the aforementioned general formula (II).
Examples of the alkenyl or alkyl succinic bisimide include the
compounds represented by the aforementioned general formula
(III).
[0134] The non-boron-containing succinimide is contained in an
amount of preferably 0.1 to 10 mass %, more preferably 0.5 to 5
mass %, and still more preferably 1 to 4 mass % on the basis of the
whole amount of the lubricating oil composition.
[Other Additives]
[0135] The lubricating oil composition may further contain
additives for lubricating oil, such as a viscosity index improver,
a pour-point depressant, an anti-wear agent, an antioxidant, an
antifoaming agent, etc. These additives may be used singly or may
be used in combination of two or more thereof.
(Viscosity Index Improver)
[0136] Examples of the viscosity index improver include a
polymethacrylate-based viscosity index improver, an olefin-based
copolymer, such as an ethylene-propylene copolymer, etc., a
styrene-based copolymer, such as a styrene-diene hydrogenated
copolymer, etc., and the like. Of those, a polymethacrylate-based
viscosity index improver is preferred. The polymethacrylate-based
viscosity index improver may be either a dispersion type or a
non-dispersion type.
[0137] A weight average molecular weight of the
polymethacrylate-based viscosity index improver is preferably
10,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 100,000 to 800,000, and still
more preferably 300,000 to 600,000. The weight average molecular
weight is a value as measured by GPC and obtained using polystyrene
as a calibration curve.
[0138] The viscosity index improver is contained in an amount of
preferably 0.1 to 15 mass %, more preferably 0.5 to 12 mass %, and
still more preferably 1 to 12 mass % on the basis of the whole
amount of the lubricating oil composition.
(Pour-Point Depressant)
[0139] Examples of the pour-point depressant include an
ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a condensate of a chlorinated
paraffin and naphthalene, a condensate of a chlorinated paraffin
and phenol, a polymethacrylate, a polyalkylstyrene, and the
like.
[0140] The pour-point depressant is contained in an amount of
preferably 0.01 to 2 mass %, more preferably 0.05 to 1 mass %, and
still more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mass % on the basis of the whole
amount of the lubricating oil composition.
(Anti-Wear Agent)
[0141] Examples of the anti-wear agent include a zinc
dithiophosphate, a zinc phosphate, a zinc dithiocarbamate;
sulfur-containing compounds, such as a disulfide, a thiocarbonate,
a thiocarbamate, etc.; phosphorus-containing compounds, such as a
diphosphite ester, a phosphate ester, a phosphonate ester, and
amine salts thereof, etc.; sulfur and phosphorus-containing
compounds, such as a thiophosphite ester, a thiophosphate ester, a
thiophosphonate ester, and amine salts thereof, etc.; and the like.
Of those, a zinc dithiophosphate is preferred, and as a more
preferred specific example thereof, a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate
is exemplified.
[0142] The anti-wear agent is contained in an amount of preferably
0.01 to 4 mass %, more preferably 0.05 to 3 mass %, and still more
preferably 0.1 to 2 mass % on the basis of the whole amount of the
lubricating oil composition.
(Antioxidant)
[0143] The lubricating oil composition may further contain an
antioxidant. Examples of the antioxidant include an amine-type
antioxidant, a phenol-based antioxidant, a sulfur-based
antioxidant, a phosphorus-based antioxidant, and the like. Of
those, an amine-type antioxidant and a phenol-based antioxidant are
preferred. As such an antioxidant, an arbitrary compound can be
properly selected and used among known antioxidants that are used
as an antioxidant of conventional lubricating oils.
[0144] Examples of the amine-type antioxidant include
diphenylamine-type compounds, such as diphenylamine, a dialkyl
diphenylamine having an alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms,
etc.; and naphthylamine-type compounds, such as
.alpha.-naphthylamine, a phenyl-.alpha.-naphthylamine substituted
with an alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, etc.
[0145] Examples of the phenol-based antioxidant include
monophenol-based compounds, such as
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol,
octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, etc.;
diphenol-based compounds, such as
4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol),
2,2'-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol), etc.; and the
like.
[0146] Examples of the sulfur-based antioxidant include
dilauryl-3,3'-thiodipropionate and the like; and examples of the
phosphorus-based antioxidant include a phosphite and the like.
[0147] These antioxidants can be contained singly, or plural kinds
thereof can be arbitrarily combined and contained. In general, a
combination of two or more kinds is preferably used, and a
combination of an amine-type antioxidant and a phenol-based
antioxidant is more preferably used.
[0148] The content of the antioxidant is preferably 0.01 to 10 mass
%, more preferably 0.1 to 5 mass %, and still more preferably 0.5
to 3 mass % on the basis of the whole amount of the
composition.
(Antifoaming Agent)
[0149] Examples of the antifoaming agent include a silicone oil, a
fluorosilicone oil, and the like. The content of the antifoaming
agent is preferably 0.1 to 30 ppm by mass, more preferably 0.5 to
15 ppm by mass, and still more preferably 1 to 10 ppm by mass in
terms of a value as converted into silicon.
[0150] In the present embodiment, the lubricating oil composition
contains a lubricating base oil, a metal-based detergent, a
molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate compound, and a boron-containing
compound at least as mentioned above, but it is preferred that a
lubricating oil composition consists of a lubricating base oil, a
metal-based detergent, a molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate
compound, a boron-containing compound, a non-boron-containing
succinimide, and at least one selected from other additives as
enumerated above, or consists of a lubricating base oil, a
metal-based detergent, a molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate
compound, a boron-containing compound, a non-boron-containing
succinimide, an ashless friction modifier, and at least one
selected from other additives as enumerated above, from the
standpoint of practical use.
<Physical Properties of Lubricating Oil Composition>
[0151] It is preferred that the lubricating oil composition of the
present embodiment has a base number of 4 to 10 mgKOH/g. When the
base number of the lubricating oil composition is 4 mgKOH/g or
more, it is possible to suppress the formation of a deposit in the
inside of an engine at the time of high-temperature operation and
to prevent accumulation of a sludge, thereby keeping the inside of
the engine clean. In addition, it is possible to prevent corrosive
wear from occurring by neutralizing an acidic material formed due
to a degradation of the engine oil, or the like. When the base
number is 10 mgKOH/g or less, it becomes easy to decrease the
contents of calcium atom and magnesium atom in the lubricating oil
composition.
[0152] From the foregoing viewpoints, the base number of the
lubricating oil composition is more preferably 5 to 10 mgKOH/g, and
still more preferably 6 to 10 mgKOH/g.
[0153] It is preferred that the lubricating oil composition of the
present embodiment has a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. of
less than 12.5 mm.sup.2/s and a high-temperature high-shear
viscosity (HTHS viscosity) at 150.degree. C. of less than 3.5 mPas.
By allowing the lubricating oil composition to fall within the
foregoing viscosity range, it becomes possible to ensure the
lubricating properties in a supercharged direct injection engine
and so on.
[0154] The kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. of the lubricating
oil composition is more preferably 6.1 to 12.5 mm.sup.2/s, and
still more preferably 6.1 to 9.3 mm.sup.2/s. Furthermore, the HTHS
viscosity at 150.degree. C. is more preferably 1.7 to 3.2 mPas, and
still more preferably 2.0 to 2.9 mPas.
[Production Method of Lubricating Oil Composition]
[0155] The production method of a lubricating oil composition
according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method of
blending a lubricating base oil with at least a metal-based
detergent, a molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate compound, and a
boron-containing compound, in which the content of calcium atom,
the content of molybdenum atom, and X calculated according to the
expression (1) fall within the aforementioned predetermined ranges.
In the present production method, the lubricating base oil may or
may not be blended with an ashless friction modifier. Furthermore,
a non-boron-containing succinimide and/or other additive(s) may be
blended. The details of these respective components and blending
amounts thereof and the like are the same as the details of the
respective components and the contents of the respective components
as mentioned above, and therefore, descriptions thereof are
omitted.
[0156] In addition, as mentioned above, the value of X is
approximate to the value of the intermetal friction coefficient as
measured in a block-on-ring test. In consequence, when the
expression (1) is adopted, even if the lubricating oil composition
is not actually produced, it is possible to expect the friction
coefficient of the obtained lubricating oil composition from a
formulation of the lubricating oil composition. Accordingly, it is
possible that while the value of X according to the expression (1)
is previously calculated, a formulation of the lubricating oil
composition is determined such that the value of X falls within the
aforementioned predetermined range, and then the lubricating oil
composition is produced.
[Application of Lubricating Oil Composition]
[0157] Although the aforementioned lubricating oil composition can
be used for lubricating oils of various applications, it is
preferred to use it for lubrication in an internal combustion
engine. Above all, the lubricating oil composition is more
preferably used for a gasoline engine, and especially, it is
suitably used for a supercharged direct injection engine mounted
with a direct injection mechanism and a supercharging mechanism.
When the aforementioned lubricating oil composition is used for
such an application, it is able to exhibit excellent detergency and
fuel consumption performance while preventing low speed
pre-ignition from occurring.
[Friction-Reducing Method of Internal Combustion Engine]
[0158] The friction-reducing method of an internal combustion
engine according to an embodiment of the present invention is a
method of adding the aforementioned lubricating oil composition to
an internal combustion engine to reduce the friction generated on a
sliding surface of the internal combustion engine. The sliding
surface is preferably between a metal surface and a metal
surface.
[0159] According to the friction-reducing method of an internal
combustion engine of the present embodiment, by regulating X
calculated according to the expression (1) to a predetermined range
while controlling the calcium atom and the molybdenum atom in the
lubricating oil composition to fixed amounts, it is possible to
make the friction-reducing effect good while ensuring the excellent
detergency, thereby realizing excellent fuel consumption
properties. In addition, the friction-reducing method of an
internal combustion engine of the present embodiment is suitable in
the case where the internal combustion engine is a gasoline engine,
and especially, in the case where the internal combustion engine is
a supercharged direct injection engine, it is also possible to
prevent low speed pre-ignition from occurring.
Examples
[0160] Next, the present invention is described by reference to
Examples, but it should be construed that the present invention is
by no means limited by these Examples.
[0161] Measurement methods and evaluation method of various
properties in the present specification are as follows.
(1) Kinematic Viscosity:
[0162] The kinematic viscosity is a value as measured using a
glass-made capillary viscometer in conformity with JIS
K2283:2000.
(2) Viscosity Index:
[0163] The viscosity index is a value as measured in conformity
with JIS K2283:2000.
(3) HTHS Viscosity at 150.degree. C.:
[0164] The HTHS viscosity at 150.degree. C. is a viscosity as
measured using a TBS viscometer (tapered bearing simulator
viscometer) by the method of ASTM D4683 under conditions of shear
rate: 10.sup.6 sec.sup.-1, rotational rate (motor): 3,000 rpm,
rotor/stator clearance: 3 .mu.m, and oil temperature: 150.degree.
C.
(4) Paraffin Component (% Cp) by Ring Analysis:
[0165] The % Cp expresses a proportion (percentage) of paraffin
components as calculated by the ring analysis n-d-M method and
measured in conformity with ASTM D-3238.
(5) Soap Component:
[0166] The calcium-based detergent was subjected to rubber membrane
dialysis, a rubber membrane residue after the dialysis was treated
with hydrochloric acid, and thereafter, a component extracted with
diethyl ether was quantitatively determined as the soap
component.
(6) Measurement Method of Each of Contents of Calcium Atom,
Magnesium Atom, Phosphorus Atom, Molybdenum Atom, and Boron
Atom:
[0167] The measurement was performed in conformity with
JPI-5S-38-92.
(7) Base Number:
[0168] The base number of the lubricating oil composition was
measured by a perchloric acid method of JIS K2501:2003. The base
number of the metal-based detergent is one measured according to a
perchloric acid method of JIS K2501:2003.
(8) Friction Coefficient (LFW-1 Test):
[0169] The intermetal friction coefficient was measured using a
block-on ring tester (LFW-1). Specifically, the test conditions are
as follows.
[0170] Test instrument:
[0171] Ring: S-10 standard material
[0172] Block: SUJ-2
[0173] Test conditions:
[0174] Oil temperature: 80.degree. C.
[0175] Load: 30 kgf
[0176] Rotation rate: 160 rpm
(9) Hot Tube Test:
[0177] The hot tube test was performed on the basis of
JPI-5S-55-99. Specifically, 0.3 mL/hr of the lubricating oil
composition and 10 mL/min of air were continuously flown for 16
hours into a glass tube having an inside diameter of 2 mm and kept
at a temperature of 280.degree. C. A lacquer attached in the
interior of the glass tube was compared with a color sample, and
the merit rating was given such that the case where the lacquer was
transparent was denoted as Score 10, whereas the case where the
lacquer was colored black was denoted as Score 0. It is meant that
the higher the merit rating, the higher the detergency is.
Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3
[0178] A lubricating oil composition of each of the Examples and
Comparative Examples was prepared in a formulation shown in Table
1. With respect to the resulting lubricating oil compositions, the
respective properties and the contents of the respective atoms in
the lubricating oil compositions were measured. In addition, the
friction coefficient was measured by the LFW-1 test, and the hot
tube test was also performed. These results are shown in Table
1.
[0179] The blending amount of the viscosity index improver was
regulated such that the HTHS viscosity at 150.degree. C. of each of
the lubricating oil compositions of the Examples and Comparative
Examples was 2.3 mPas.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Example 1 2 3 4 5 6 Formulation Lubricating
base Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance oil wt %
Calcium-based 0.95 1.10 0.95 1.10 1.10 0.95 detergent 1 wt %
Calcium-based 0.75 0.75 0.75 detergent 2 wt % Magnesium-based 0.32
0.32 0.32 0.54 0.32 detergent wt % Friction modifier 0.80 0.80 0.80
0.80 0.80 0.80 wt % Ashless friction modifier wt % Viscosity index
Regulated Regulated Regulated Regulated Regulated Regulated
improver wt % Pour-point 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 depressant
wt % Additive 7.90 7.90 7.90 package A wt % Additive package 8.90
8.90 8.90 B wt % Additive package C wt % Properties of lubricating
oil composition HTHS viscosity 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 (at
150.degree. C.) mPa s Base number 6.1 7.8 7.4 8.1 9.0 7.7 mgKOH/g
Calcium amount 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 wt % Magnesium 0.00
0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 amount wt % Total amount 0.14 0.17 0.17
0.17 0.19 0.17 of calcium and magnesium wt % Phosphorus 0.08 0.08
0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 amount wt % Molybdenum 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08
0.08 amount wt % Boron amount 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 wt %
Boron amount/ 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.50 0.50 0.50 molybdenum amount
Calcium amount 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.12 derived from detergent
1 wt % Calcium amount 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 derived from
detergent 2 wt % Numerical expression A 60 0 60 0 0 60 B 0 0.03
0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 C 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 D 0 0 0 0 0 0 E
0.061 0.031 1.891 0.031 0.051 1.891 X 0.038 0.042 0.039 0.047 0.039
0.045 Evaluation results of lubricating oil composition Friction
coefficient 0.036 0.042 0.041 0.049 0.041 0.045 by LFW-1 test Merit
rating 7.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 of hot tube test (at 280.degree. C.)
Comparative Example Example 7 8 9 1 2 3 Formulation Lubricating
base Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance oil wt %
Calcium-based 0.95 0.95 1.10 1.10 1.10 0.95 detergent 1 wt %
Calcium-based 0.75 0.75 0.75 detergent 2 wt % Magnesium-based 0.54
0.32 0.54 detergent wt % Friction modifier 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80
0.80 wt % Ashless friction 1.00 1.00 modifier wt % Viscosity index
Regulated Regulated Regulated Regulated Regulated Regulated
improver wt % Pour-point 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 depressant
wt % Additive package 7.90 7.90 A wt % Additive package 8.90 8.90
8.90 B wt % Additive package 5.90 C wt % Properties of lubricating
oil composition HTHS viscosity 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 (at
150.degree. C.) mPa s Base number 8.6 7.4 9.0 6.5 6.8 6.1 mgKOH/g
Calcium amount 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 wt % Magnesium 0.05
0.03 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 amount wt % Total amount of 0.19 0.17 0.19
0.14 0.14 0.14 calcium and magnesium wt% Phosphorus 0.08 0.08 0.08
0.08 0.08 0.08 amount wt % Molybdenum 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08
amount wt % Boron amount 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.00 Boron 0.50
0.38 0.50 0.38 0.50 0.00 amount/molybdenum amount Calcium amount
0.12 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.12 derived from detergent 1 wt % Calcium
amount 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 derived from detergent 2 wt %
Numerical expression A 60 60 0 0 0 60 B 0.05 0.03 0.05 0 0 0 C 0.04
0.03 0.04 0.03 0.04 0 D 0 1 1 0 0 0 E 3.111 1.891 0.051 0.001 0.001
0.061 X 0.045 0.034 0.034 0.054 0.060 0.022 Evaluation results of
lubricating oil composition Friction coefficient 0.042 0.037 0.031
0.052 0.062 -- by LFW-1 test Merit rating of hot 8.0 6.5 7.0 7.0
8.0 2.0 tube test (at 280.degree. C.)
[0180] The details of the respective components in Table 1 are as
follows.
[0181] Lubricating base oil: Mineral oil having a kinematic
viscosity (at 100.degree. C.) of 4.0 mm.sup.2/s, a viscosity index
of 130, and a % Cp of 87 mass %
[0182] Calcium-based detergent 1: Calcium salicylate
[0183] Calcium-based detergent 2: Calcium sulfonate
[0184] Magnesium-based detergent: Magnesium sulfonate having a base
number of 410 mgKOH/g
[0185] Friction modifier: Molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate
compound
[0186] Ashless friction modifier: Glycerin monooleate
[0187] Viscosity index improver: Polymethacrylate having a weight
average molecular weight of 300,000
[0188] Pour-point depressant: Polymethacrylate having a weight
average molecular of 50,000
[0189] Additive package A: Mixture of boron-based detergent
dispersant, non-boron-containing alkenyl succinimide, zinc
dialkyldithiophosphate, phenol-based antioxidant, and amine-type
antioxidant
[0190] Additive package B: Same as Additive package A except for
increasing an amount of the boron-based detergent dispersant
[0191] Additive package C: Mixture of non-boron-containing alkenyl
succinimide, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, phenol-based antioxidant,
and amine-type antioxidant
[0192] As is clear from the results of Table 1, in Examples 1 to 9,
by containing the metal-based detergent, the molybdenum
dialkyldithiocarbamate compound, and the boron-containing compound
in the lubricating oil composition and regulating the value of X to
less than 0.050 while allowing the calcium atom amount and the
molybdenum atom amount in the composition to fall within the
predetermined ranges, the value of the friction coefficient could
be made low while keeping the detergency.
[0193] On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the
metal-based detergent, the molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate
compound, and the boron-containing compound were contained in the
lubricating oil composition, and the calcium atom amount and the
molybdenum atom amount in the composition were allowed to fall
within the predetermined ranges; however, since the value of X was
0.050 or more, the friction coefficient became large, so that the
lubricating oil composition having good fuel consumption properties
could not be obtained.
[0194] In addition, as shown in Comparative Example 3, even if the
value of X was regulated to less than 0.050, when the
boron-containing compound was not contained, the merit rating of
the hot tube test became low, and sufficient detergency could not
be obtained.
* * * * *